Water-resources data for the 2005 water year for Utah consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 165 gaging stations; stage and contents for 8 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 22 hydrologic stations, and 57 wells; water levels for 65 observation wells; and precipitation for 3 stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Utah.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/wdrUT031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah and other cooperators and agencies","usgsCitation":"Tibbetts, J., Enright, M., and Wilberg, D., 2004, Water resources data, Utah, water year 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report UT-03-1, xxxvi, 453 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrUT031.","productDescription":"xxxvi, 453 p.","numberOfPages":"496","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5130,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/WDRUT03/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa7df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tibbetts, J.R.","contributorId":63470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbetts","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Enright, Michael","contributorId":99979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enright","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilberg, Dale E.","contributorId":60215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Dale E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53997,"text":"ofr03473 - 2004 - Computation of Flow Through Water-Control Structures Using Program DAMFLO.2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr03473","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-473","title":"Computation of Flow Through Water-Control Structures Using Program DAMFLO.2","docAbstract":"As part of its mission to collect, analyze, and store streamflow data, the U.S. Geological Survey computes flow through several dam structures throughout the country. Flows are computed using hydraulic equations that describe flow through sluice and Tainter gates, crest gates, lock gates, spillways, locks, pumps, and siphons, which are calibrated using flow measurements. The program DAMFLO.2 was written to compute, tabulate, and plot flow through dam structures using data that describe the physical properties of dams and various hydraulic parameters and ratings that use time-varying data, such as lake elevations or gate openings. The program uses electronic computer files of time-varying data, such as lake elevation or gate openings, retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey Automated Data Processing System. Computed time-varying flow data from DAMFLO.2 are output in flat files, which can be entered into the Automated Data Processing System database. All computations are made in units of feet and seconds. DAMFLO.2 uses the procedures and language developed by the SAS Institute Inc.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03473","usgsCitation":"Sanders, C.L., and Feaster, T., 2004, Computation of Flow Through Water-Control Structures Using Program DAMFLO.2: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-473, 109 p., 49 fig., 1 table, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03473.","productDescription":"109 p., 49 fig., 1 table","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4821,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03473/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanders, Curtis L. Jr.","contributorId":76391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"Curtis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58225,"text":"sir20045182 - 2004 - Water-quality assessment of Lakes Maumelle and Winona, Arkansas, 1991 through 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:02","indexId":"sir20045182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5182","title":"Water-quality assessment of Lakes Maumelle and Winona, Arkansas, 1991 through 2003","docAbstract":"Lakes Maumelle and Winona are water-supply reservoirs for the Little Rock and North Little Rock metropolitan areas in central Arkansas. In addition to water supply, the reservoirs are used for recreation and fish and wildlife habitat. The purpose of this report is to describe the hydrology and water quality of Lakes Maumelle and Winona and their inflows from data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with Central Arkansas Water for calendar years 1991 through 2003. \r\n\r\nThe main inflows into Lakes Maumelle and Winona, the Maumelle River and Alum Fork Saline River, exhibited typical seasonal variability in streamflow with high flows usually occurring in the late fall, winter, and early spring, and low or no flow in the summer and early fall. The highest annual mean streamflow occurred in 1991 and the lowest annual mean streamflow occurred in 1992 for the Maumelle River and 1995 for the Alum Fork Saline River. \r\n\r\nWater quality measured in Lakes Maumelle and Winona varied spatially and temporally. Although total phosphorus concentrations were substantially higher at the upper ends of the lakes than at the lower ends of the lakes, nitrogen and orthophosphorus concentrations were not significantly different among the sampling sites on each lake. The highest concentrations of nitrogen generally were measured in 1991 and from 1998 through 2003 at all of the sampling sites. The highest total phosphorus concentrations were measured from 1994 to 1996 and from 1998 to 2001 on Lake Maumelle and from 1993 to 1994 on Lake Winona. Total and dissolved organic carbon concentrations were similar among sites on each lake and the greatest concentrations were measured in 1996 and 1997 at all of the sites. The chlorophyll a concentrations varied seasonally, with the highest concentrations in October and November, but were relatively uniform spatially and annually in Lakes Maumelle and Winona for 1991 through 2003. Water clarity was greater at the lower ends of the lakes than at the upper ends. Secchi depth varied seasonally, with the greatest depth from July to September and the least depth during October through December. There was no apparent trend in Secchi depth over the entire sampling period. \r\n\r\nThe trophic state indices calculated from near-surface concentrations of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a for Lakes Maumelle and Winona indicated that they generally were oligotrophic although they fluctuated in time between mesotrophic and oligotrophic conditions. \r\n\r\nWater-quality concentrations generally were less for the main inflow to Lake Winona, the Alum Fork Saline River, than for the Maumelle River, Bringle, Yount, and Reece Creeks, which flow into Lake Maumelle. Nutrient concentrations for the Maumelle and Alum Fork Saline Rivers remained fairly uniform from 1991 through 2003. Suspended-sediment concentrations generally were greatest at Bringle Creek. Concentrations of fecal streptococci measured at the Alum Fork Saline River were similar to concentrations measured at the Maumelle River, and fecal coliforms concentrations for the Alum Fork Saline River were approximately half the concentration measured at the Maumelle River. Bringle and Reece Creeks had greater concentrations of fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci than the Maumelle River, and Yount Creek had the lowest concentration of fecal streptococci among all the sites. \r\n\r\nAnnual loads of nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, and suspended sediment estimated for the Maumelle River and the Alum Fork Saline River were similar between sites and varied with time from 1991 through 2003. Annual loads were greatest in 1991 for the Maumelle and Alum Fork Saline Rivers and the least in 2000 for the Maumelle River and 1995 for the Alum Fork Saline River. Estimated loads also demonstrated seasonal trends with the highest daily loads in the winter and fall and lowest daily loads in the summer for both sites. \r\n\r\nAnnual yields of nutrients and dissolved organic carbon computed","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045182","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., and Green, W.R., 2004, Water-quality assessment of Lakes Maumelle and Winona, Arkansas, 1991 through 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5182, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045182.","productDescription":"54 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5806,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":180827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5eda87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57933,"text":"ofr20041241 - 2004 - Flow-Meter and Passive Diffusion Bag Tests and Potential Influences on the Vertical Distribution of Contaminants in Wells at Galena Airport, Galena, Alaska, August to October 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:03","indexId":"ofr20041241","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1241","title":"Flow-Meter and Passive Diffusion Bag Tests and Potential Influences on the Vertical Distribution of Contaminants in Wells at Galena Airport, Galena, Alaska, August to October 2002","docAbstract":"Past activities at Galena Airport, a U.S. Air Force Base in Galena, Alaska, have resulted in ground-water contamination by volatile organic compounds. The primary contaminants are petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The U.S. Geological Survey and Earth Tech, in cooperation with the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence, conducted investigations at Galena Airport from August to October 2002 using polyethylene diffusion bag samplers and borehole flow-meter testing to examine the vertical distribution of ground-water contamination in selected wells. This investigation was limited to the vicinity of building 1845 and to the area between building 1845 and the Yukon River. In addition, the U.S. Geological Survey was asked to determine whether additional wells are needed to more clearly define the nature and extent of the ground-water contamination at the Air Force Base.\r\n\r\nLittle or no vertical water movement occurred under ambient conditions in the wells tested at Galena Airport, Alaska, in August 2002. All of the ambient vertical flows detected in wells were at rates less than the quantitative limit of the borehole flow meter (0.03 gallons per minute). In wells 06-MW-07 and 10-MW-01, no vertical flow was detected. In wells where ambient flow was detected, the direction of flow was downward.\r\n\r\nIn general, concentrations of volatile organic compounds detected in the low-flow samples from wells at Galena Airport were approximately the same concentrations detected in the closest polyethylene diffusion bag sample for a wide variety of volatile organic compounds. The data indicate that the polyethylene diffusion bag sample results are consistent with the low-flow sample results.\r\n\r\nVertical profiling of selected wells using polyethylene diffusion bag samplers at Galena Airport showed that from September 30 to October 1, 2002, little vertical change occurred in volatile organic compound concentrations along the screen length despite the fact that little or no vertical flow was measured in most of the tested wells in August 2002. Two of the wells (10-MW-03 and 06-MW-01) had slightly greater vertical concentration variation for some constituents. In these wells, the contaminant depth probably is lithologically influenced.\r\n\r\nThe close match between concentrations measured in polyethylene diffusion bag and low-flow samples indicates that the bag samples accurately represent the distribution of volatile organic compounds in the wells. It is unclear, however, whether the distribution of volatile organic compounds in the wells, as indicated by the bag samplers, represents contaminant distributions in the aquifer or transient movement within the wells. The probable change in well hydraulics between August and late September to October indicates that the relatively uniform vertical distribution of volatile organic compounds in some of the wells may represent in-well mixing. This uncertainty could be clarified by the installation and sampling of well clusters at various times of the year. Additional insight into the vertical distribution of contamination and flow possibly could be obtained by conducting flow-meter tests and collecting polyethylene diffusion bag samples from selected wells at different times of the year.\r\n\r\nThe westernmost contaminant plume at Million Gallon Hill appears to be surrounded by sufficient monitoring wells to detect changes in the plume extent; however, the installation of additional wells at Galena Airport has the potential to provide additional information on the extent of ground-water contamination in the remaining plumes. The additional information to be gained includes better definition of the vertical and lateral extents of the plumes and better definition of the ground-water flow directions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041241","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., and Peterson, J., 2004, Flow-Meter and Passive Diffusion Bag Tests and Potential Influences on the Vertical Distribution of Contaminants in Wells at Galena Airport, Galena, Alaska, August to October 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1241, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041241.","productDescription":"44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5875,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1241/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de7c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":257931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, J.E.","contributorId":8486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57257,"text":"wdrNC032 - 2004 - Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 2003. Volume 2: Ground-water records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:39:56","indexId":"wdrNC032","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NC-03-2","title":"Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 2003. Volume 2: Ground-water records","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2003 water year for North Carolina consist of records of stage, discharge, water quality for streams; stage and contents for lakes and reservoirs; precipitation; and ground-water levels and water quality of ground water. Volume 1 contains discharge records for 213 gaging stations; stage for 61 gaging stations; and continuous precipitation at 118 sites. Volume 2 contains ground-water-level data from 143 observation wells and ground-water-quality data from 72 wells. The collection of water-resources data in North Carolina is a part of the National Water-Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, municipal, and Federal agencies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrNC032","usgsCitation":"Howe, S.S., Breton, P., and Chapman, M.J., 2004, Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 2003. 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, S. S.","contributorId":103293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breton, P.L.","contributorId":65151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breton","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapman, M. J.","contributorId":65499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":58240,"text":"ds106 - 2004 - Rectified images of selected geologic maps in the Northern Rockies Area, Idaho, Montana, Washington, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:21","indexId":"ds106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"106","title":"Rectified images of selected geologic maps in the Northern Rockies Area, Idaho, Montana, Washington, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"Selected geologic maps covering parts of the Northern Rocky Mountains and adjacent areas were converted to raster images and georeferenced (rectified) for use in a geographic information system (GIS). These rectified images were created for the purpose of visually comparing published geologic maps with other geospatial information. However, they cannot be queried or used for spatial analysis thus limiting their use in a GIS. The 42 georeferenced images included in this report range in scale from 1:250,000 to 1:100,000.Tagged Image Format (TIFF) images of the maps were generated by scanning an original paper map or converting previously published Portable Document Format (PDF) images or Encapsulated Post-Script (EPS) files. To reduce file size and minimize image overlap, the TIFF images were cropped, and then rectified using ArcMap? 8 and converted to MrSID? images. Information in the explanation and cross sections can be viewed in un-rectified images of the original publications that are included with this report. In addition, the text in the map unit description along with the unit name, map label, and a citation are organized in a searchable PDF file.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds106","usgsCitation":"Larsen, J.C., Assmus, K.C., Causey, J.D., and Zientek, M.L., 2004, Rectified images of selected geologic maps in the Northern Rockies Area, Idaho, Montana, Washington, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 106, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds106.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5823,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c389","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Jeremy C.","contributorId":13697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Assmus, Kenneth C.","contributorId":17311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assmus","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Causey, J. Douglas","contributorId":41398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zientek, Michael L. 0000-0002-8522-9626 mzientek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9626","contributorId":2420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"Michael","email":"mzientek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":55665,"text":"ofr03448 - 2004 - Comparison of Estimated Areas Contributing Recharge to Selected Springs in North-Central Florida by Using Multiple Ground-Water Flow Models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:51","indexId":"ofr03448","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-448","title":"Comparison of Estimated Areas Contributing Recharge to Selected Springs in North-Central Florida by Using Multiple Ground-Water Flow Models","docAbstract":"Areas contributing recharge to springs are defined in this report as the land-surface area wherein water entering the ground-water system at the water table eventually discharges to a spring. These areas were delineated for Blue Spring, Silver Springs, Alexander Springs, and Silver Glen Springs in north-central Florida using four regional ground-water flow models and particle tracking. As expected, different models predicted different areas contributing recharge. In general, the differences were due to different hydrologic stresses, subsurface permeability properties, and boundary conditions that were used to calibrate each model, all of which are considered to be equally feasible because each model matched its respective calibration data reasonably well. To evaluate the agreement of the models and to summarize results, areas contributing recharge to springs from each model were combined into composite areas. During 1993-98, the composite areas contributing recharge to Blue Spring, Silver Springs, Alexander Springs, and Silver Glen Springs were about 130, 730, 110, and 120 square miles, respectively. The composite areas for all springs remained about the same when using projected 2020 ground-water withdrawals.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03448","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., O’Reilly, A.M., Sepulveda, N., Williams, S.A., Motz, L.H., and Sun, Q., 2004, Comparison of Estimated Areas Contributing Recharge to Selected Springs in North-Central Florida by Using Multiple Ground-Water Flow Models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-448, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03448.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5429,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/ofr03_448_shoemaker.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":174181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W. Barclay bshoemak@usgs.gov","contributorId":1495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W. Barclay","email":"bshoemak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":253930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":253931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":253929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Stanley A.","contributorId":24421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Motz, Louis H.","contributorId":6934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motz","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sun, Qing","contributorId":8921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Qing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":55721,"text":"wdrNJ032 - 2004 - Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 2003 - Volume 2. Ground-Water Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"wdrNJ032","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NJ-03-2","title":"Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 2003 - Volume 2. Ground-Water Data","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2003 water year for New Jersey are presented in three volumes, and consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams: stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. Volume 2 contains a summary of the hydrologic conditions for 2003 water year; a listing of current water resource projects in New Jersey; a bibliography of water-related reports, articles, and fact sheets completed by the Geological Survey in recent years; records of ground-water levels from 185 wells; and a table of discontinued observation wells for which ground-water-level data are available. The locations of the ground-water level sites are shown on figure 4. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal, Sate, and local agencies in New Jersey.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wdrNJ032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Jones, W.D., 2004, Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 2003 - Volume 2. Ground-Water Data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NJ-03-2, x, 232 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNJ032.","productDescription":"x, 232 p.","temporalStart":"2002-10-01","temporalEnd":"2003-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9845,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/WDR-NJ-03-2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb231","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Walter D.","contributorId":106460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55678,"text":"ofr20041209 - 2004 - Benthic foraminiferal census data from Gulf of Mexico cores (Texas and Louisiana continental shelf)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20041209","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1209","title":"Benthic foraminiferal census data from Gulf of Mexico cores (Texas and Louisiana continental shelf)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041209","usgsCitation":"Osterman, L.E., Pavich, K., and Caplan, J., 2004, Benthic foraminiferal census data from Gulf of Mexico cores (Texas and Louisiana continental shelf): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1209, 16 leaves ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041209.","productDescription":"16 leaves ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5440,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1209/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b57a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterman, Lisa E. osterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"Lisa","email":"osterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":253971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavich, Kate","contributorId":61498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caplan, Jessica","contributorId":26001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caplan","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69819,"text":"sim2844 - 2004 - Geologic Map of the Ridgefield Quadrangle, Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:33","indexId":"sim2844","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2844","title":"Geologic Map of the Ridgefield Quadrangle, Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2844","usgsCitation":"Evarts, R.C., digital database by Dinterman, P., and Block, J., 2004, Geologic Map of the Ridgefield Quadrangle, Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2844, 22 p. pamphlet; map, 48 by 36 inches; database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2844.","productDescription":"22 p. pamphlet; map, 48 by 36 inches; database","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110531,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_69996.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"69996"},{"id":188338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6175,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2844/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a845f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evarts, Russell C. revarts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evarts","given":"Russell","email":"revarts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"digital database by Dinterman, Philip","contributorId":59519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"digital database by Dinterman","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Block, Jessica","contributorId":100949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Block","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":55662,"text":"fs20043019 - 2004 - Latitudinal variation in carbon storage can help predict changes in swamps affected by global warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-15T10:35:08","indexId":"fs20043019","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3019","title":"Latitudinal variation in carbon storage can help predict changes in swamps affected by global warming","docAbstract":"Plants may offer our best hope of removing greenhouse gases (gases that contribute to global warming) emitted to the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels. At the same time, global warming could change environments so that natural plant communities will either need to shift into cooler climate zones, or become extirpated (Prasad and Iverson, 1999; Crumpacker and others, 2001; Davis and Shaw, 2001). It is impossible to know the future, but studies combining field observation of production and modeling can help us make predictions about what may happen to these wetland communities in the future.
Widespread wetland types such as baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) swamps in the southeastern portion of the United States could be especially good at carbon sequestration (amount of CO2 stored by forests) from the atmosphere. They have high levels of production and sometimes store undecomposed dead plant material in wet conditions with low oxygen, thus keeping gases stored that would otherwise be released into the atmosphere (fig. 1).
To study the ability of baldcypress swamps to store carbon, our project has taken two approaches. The first analysis looked at published data to develop an idea (hypothesis) of how production levels change across a temperature gradient in the baldcypress region (published data study). The second study tested this idea by comparing production levels across a latitudinal range by using swamps in similar field conditions (ongoing carbon storage study). These studies will help us make predictions about the future ability of baldcypress swamps to store carbon in soil and plant biomass, as well as the ability of these forests to shift northward with global warming.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20043019","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B.A., and McKee, K., 2004, Latitudinal variation in carbon storage can help predict changes in swamps affected by global warming: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3019, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043019.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5427,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/factshts/2004-3019.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":10922,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/factshts/2004-3019/2004-3019.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3019.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":253925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Karen 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":89592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54196,"text":"wdrCA033 - 2004 - Water Resources Data -- California, Water Year 2003, Volume 3. Southern Central Valley Basins and The Great Basin from Walker River to Truckee River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:52","indexId":"wdrCA033","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-03-3","title":"Water Resources Data -- California, Water Year 2003, Volume 3. Southern Central Valley Basins and The Great Basin from Walker River to Truckee River","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2003 water year for California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams, stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality in wells. Volume 3 contains discharge records for 185 gaging stations, stage and contents for 47 lakes and reservoirs, water quality for 45 stations and 13 partial-record stations, and precipitation data for 2 stations. Also included are 1 miscellaneous partial-record site and 1 crest-stage partial-record station. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA033","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, G., Pope, G., Smithson, J., and Freeman, L., 2004, Water Resources Data -- California, Water Year 2003, Volume 3. Southern Central Valley Basins and The Great Basin from Walker River to Truckee River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-03-3, 699 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA033.","productDescription":"699 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5305,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/wdr-ca-03-3/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd2e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, G.L.","contributorId":47408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, G.L.","contributorId":58692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smithson, J.R.","contributorId":41073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smithson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, L.A.","contributorId":86374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53711,"text":"ofr0392 - 2004 - Guidelines for surveying bankfull channel geometry and developing regional hydraulic-geometry relations for streams of New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T10:32:11","indexId":"ofr0392","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-92","title":"Guidelines for surveying bankfull channel geometry and developing regional hydraulic-geometry relations for streams of New York State","docAbstract":"Many disturbed streams within New York State are being restored in an effort to provide bank and bed stability and thereby decrease sedimentation and erosion. Efforts to identify and provide accurate indicators for stable-channel characteristics for ungaged streams have been hampered by the lack of regional equations or relations that relate drainage area to bankfull discharge and to channel depth, width, and cross-sectional area (bankfull hydraulic-geometry relations). Regional equations are needed to confirm bankfull hydraulic-geometry, assess stream stability, evaluate restoration needs, and verify restoration design for ungaged streams that lack stage-to-discharge ratings or historic peak-flow records.
This report presents guidelines for surveying bankfull channel geometry at USGS stream gages and developing regional hydraulic-geometry relations (equations) for wadeable streams in New York. It summarizes methods to (1) compile and assess existing hydrologic, geometric, photographic, and topographic data, (2) conduct stream-reconnaissance inspections, (3) identify channel-bankfull characteristics, (4) conduct longitudinal and cross-section surveys, (5) measure stream discharge, (6) develop and refine bankfull hydraulic-geometry equations, and (7) analyze and assure data completeness and quality. The techniques primarily address wadeable streams with either active or discontinued surface-water and crest-stage gages. The relations can be applied to ungaged or actively gaged streams that are wadeable, and may be extended to non-wadeable streams (with some limitations) if they have drainage areas comparable to those used to develop the relations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0392","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental ConservationDirector, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180-8349
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Ground water supplies about one-third of the water used by the public in Salt Lake Valley, Utah. The occurrence and distribution of natural and anthropogenic compounds in ground water used for public supply in the valley were evaluated. Water samples were collected from 31 public-supply wells in 2001 and analyzed for major ions, trace elements, radon, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, methylene blue active substances, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds. The samples also were analyzed for the stable isotopes of water (oxygen-18 and deuterium), tritium, chlorofluorocarbons, and dissolved gases to determine recharge sources and ground-water age.
Dissolved-solids concentration ranged from 157 to 1,280 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in water from the 31 public-supply wells. Comparison of dissolved-solids concentration of water sampled from the principal aquifer during 1988-92 and 1998-2002 shows a reduction in the area where water with less than 500 mg/L occurs. Nitrate concentration in water sampled from 12 of the 31 public-supply wells was higher than an estimated background level of 2 mg/L, indicating a possible human influence. At least one pesticide or pesticide degradation product was detected at a concentration much lower than drinking-water standards in water from 13 of the 31 wells sampled. Chloroform was the most frequently detected volatile organic compound (17 of 31 samples). Its widespread occurrence in deeper ground water is likely a result of the recharge of chlorinated public-supply water used to irrigate lawns and gardens in residential areas of Salt Lake Valley.
Environmental tracers were used to determine the sources of recharge to the principal aquifer used for public supply in the valley. Oxygen-18 values and recharge temperatures computed from dissolved noble gases in the ground water were used to differentiate between mountain and valley recharge. Maximum recharge temperatures in the eastern part of the valley generally are below the range of valley water-table temperatures indicating that mountain-block recharge must constitute a substantial fraction of recharge to the principal aquifer in this area. Together, the recharge temperature and stable-isotope data define two zones with apparently high proportions of valley recharge on the east side of the valley.
The possibility of water samples containing a substantial proportion of water recharged before thermonuclear testing began in the early 1950s (pre-bomb) was evaluated by comparing the initial tritium concentration of each sample (measured tritium plus measured tritiogenic helium-3) to that of local precipitation at the apparent time of recharge. Three interpreted-age categories were determined for water from the sampled wells: (1) dominantly pre-bomb; (2) dominantly modern; and (3) modern or a mixture of pre-bomb and modern. Apparent tritium/helium-3 ages range from 3 years to more than 50 years. Water generally becomes older with distance from the mountain front, with the oldest water present in the discharge area.
The presence of anthropogenic compounds at concentrations above reporting levels and elevated nitrate concentrations (affected wells) in the principal aquifer is well correlated with the distribution of interpreted-age categories. All of the wells (10 of 10) with dominantly modern water are affected. Seventy percent (7 of 10) of the wells with dominantly modern or a mixture of modern and pre-bomb waters are affected. Only 1 of the 11 wells with dominantly pre-bomb water is affected. Anthropogenic compounds were not detected in water with an apparent age of more than 50 years, except for water from one well. All of the samples that consisted mostly of modern water contained at least one anthropogenic compound.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/wri034325","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., and Manning, A.H., 2004, Quality and sources of ground water used for public supply in Salt Lake Valley, Salt Lake County, Utah, 2001 (Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4325, x, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034325.","productDescription":"x, 95 p.","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4823,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Lake\",\"state\":\"UT\"}}]}","edition":"Online Only","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":true,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655350","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":56325,"text":"wdrWI031 - 2004 - Water Resources Data - Wisconsin, Water Year 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"wdrWI031","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WI-03-1","title":"Water Resources Data - Wisconsin, Water Year 2003","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2003 water year for Wisconsin include records of streamflow at gaging stations, partialrecord stations, and miscellaneous sites, records of precipitation, and records of chemical, biological, and physical characteristics of surface water. In addition, water levels in observation wells are reported. These data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State and local agencies and other Federal agencies in Wisconsin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wdrWI031","issn":"07408803","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Wisconsin and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Waschbusch, R., Olson, D., Ellefson, B., and Stark, P., 2004, Water Resources Data - Wisconsin, Water Year 2003 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WI-03-1, xxii, 607 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWI031.","productDescription":"xxii, 607 p.","numberOfPages":"629","temporalStart":"2002-10-01","temporalEnd":"2003-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12073,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/WDR-WI-03-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93,42.5 ], [ -93,47 ], [ -86.75,47 ], [ -86.75,42.5 ], [ -93,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69788c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waschbusch, R.J.","contributorId":107307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waschbusch","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, D.L.","contributorId":34943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellefson, B.R.","contributorId":83927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefson","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stark, P.A.","contributorId":39850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":58323,"text":"ofr20041431 - 2004 - Spectral variations in rocks and soils containing ferric iron hydroxide and(or) sulfate minerals as seen by AVIRIS and laboratory spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20041431","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1431","title":"Spectral variations in rocks and soils containing ferric iron hydroxide and(or) sulfate minerals as seen by AVIRIS and laboratory spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Analysis of Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data covering the Big Rock Candy Mountain area of the Marysvale volcanic field, west-central Utah, identified abundant rocks and soils bearing jarosite, goethite, and chlorite associated with volcanic rocks altered to propylitic grade during the Miocene (23\u001321 Ma). Propylitically-altered rocks rich in pyrite associated with the relict feeder zones of convecting, shallow hydrothermal systems are currently undergoing supergene oxidation to natrojarosite, kaolinite, and gypsum. Goethite coatings are forming at the expense of jarosite where most pyrite has been consumed through oxidation in alluvium derived from pyrite-bearing zones. Spectral variations in the goethite-bearing rocks that resemble variations found in reference library samples of goethites of varying grain size were observed in the AVIRIS data. Rocks outside of the feeder zones have relatively low pyrite content and are characterized by chlorite, epidote, and calcite, with local copper-bearing quartz-calcite veins. Iron-bearing minerals in these rocks are weathering directly to goethite. \r\n\r\nLaboratory spectral analyses were applied to samples of iron-bearing rock outcrops and alluvium collected from the area to determine the accuracy of the AVIRIS-based mineral identification. The accuracy of the iron mineral identification results obtained by analysis of the AVIRIS data was confirmed. In general, the AVIRIS analysis results were accurate in identifying medium-grained goethite, coarse-grained goethite, medium- to coarse-grained goethite with trace jarosite, and mixtures of goethite and jarosite. However, rock fragments from alluvial areas identified as thin coatings of goethite with the AVIRIS data were found to consist mainly of medium- to coarse-grained goethite based on spectral characteristics in the visible and near-infrared. \r\n\r\nTo determine if goethite abundance contributed to the spectral variations observed in goethite-bearing rocks with AVIRIS data, a laboratory experiment was performed in which spectra were acquired of a goethite-bearing rock while progressively decreasing the areal abundance of the rock with respect to a background of white, fine-grained quartz sand. This experiment found that, with decreasing material abundance, the crystal field absorption feature of goethite near 1.0 micron decreases in depth and narrows more from the long wavelength side of the feature than from the short wavelength side, as is the case in goethite reference spectra as grain size decreases from coarse to fine. \r\n\r\nIn the Marysvale study area, goethite-bearing alluvium downgradient from source outcrops tends to be identified as finer-grained or thin coatings of goethite due to the mineral\u0019s presence in lesser abundance. The goethite-bearing alluvium is a closer match to reference spectra of thin coatings of goethite even though the actual grain size of the contained goethite fragments is medium to coarse grained, the same on average as that from the source outcrops. Coarser-grained goethite most likely will be correctly identified in areas of greater goethite abundance proximal to jarosite-bearing source rock where the surface is relatively free of goethite-free soil components and vegetation that corrupt the goethite spectral response. \r\n\r\nWhen analysis of imaging spectroscopy data is performed using reference spectra of iron minerals of varying grain sizes and mixed compositions, the results are useful not only for purposes of mineral identification, but also for distinguishing goethite-bearing outcrop from alluvial surfaces with similar mineralogy, providing valuable information for geologic, geomorphologic, mineral exploration, and environmental assessment studies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041431","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, B.W., 2004, Spectral variations in rocks and soils containing ferric iron hydroxide and(or) sulfate minerals as seen by AVIRIS and laboratory spectroscopy (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1431, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041431.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5919,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1431/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54197,"text":"wdrCA034 - 2004 - Water Resources Data -- California, Water Year 2003, Volume 4. Northern Central Valley Basins and The Great Basin from Honey Lake Basin to Oregon State Line","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:52","indexId":"wdrCA034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-03-4","title":"Water Resources Data -- California, Water Year 2003, Volume 4. Northern Central Valley Basins and The Great Basin from Honey Lake Basin to Oregon State Line","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2003 water year for California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams, stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality in wells. Volume 4 contains discharge records for 195 gaging stations, stage and contents for 62 lakes and reservoirs, gage-height records for 1 station, water quality for 33 streamflow-gaging stations and 8 partial-record stations. Also included are 4 miscellaneous partial-record sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA034","usgsCitation":"Friebel, M., Webster, M., Rockwell, G., and Smithson, J., 2004, Water Resources Data -- California, Water Year 2003, Volume 4. Northern Central Valley Basins and The Great Basin from Honey Lake Basin to Oregon State Line: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-03-4, 542 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA034.","productDescription":"542 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5306,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/wdr-ca-03-4/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b3c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friebel, M.F.","contributorId":23207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friebel","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webster, M.D.","contributorId":68385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, G.L.","contributorId":47408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smithson, J.R.","contributorId":41073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smithson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}