Arsenical pesticides and herbicides were extensively used on apple, blueberry, and potato crops in New England during the first half of the twentieth century. Lead arsenate was the most heavily used arsenical pesticide until it was officially banned. Lead arsenate, calcium arsenate, and sodium arsenate have similar Pb isotope compositions: 208Pb207Pb = 2.3839-2.4722, and 206Pb207Pb = 1.1035-1.2010. Other arsenical pesticides such as copper acetoarsenite (Paris green), methyl arsonic acid and methane arsonic acid, as well as arsanilic acid are widely variable in isotope composition. Although a complete understanding of the effects of historical use of arsenical pesticides is not available, initial studies indicate that arsenic and lead concentrations in stream sediments in New England are higher in agricultural areas that intensely used arsenical pesticides than in other areas. The Pb isotope compositions of pesticides partially overlap values of stream sediments from areas with the most extensive agricultural use. The lingering effects of arsenical pesticide use were tested in a detailed geochemical and isotopic study of soil profiles from a watershed containing arsenic-enriched ground water in coastal Maine. Acid-leach compositions of the soils represent lead adsorbed to mineral surfaces or held in soluble minerals (Fe- and Mn-hydroxides, carbonate, and some micaceous minerals), whereas residue compositions likely reflect bedrock compositions. The soil profiles contain labile Pb (acid-leach) showing a moderate range in 206Pb 207Pb (1.1870-1.2069), and 208Pb207Pb (2.4519-2.4876). Isotope values vary as a function of depth: the lowest Pb isotope ratios (e.g.,208Pb206Pb) representing labile lead are in the uppermost soil horizons. Lead contents decrease with depth in the soil profiles. Arsenic contents show no clear trend with depth. A multi-component mixing scheme that included lead from the local parent rock (Penobscot Formation), lead derived from combustion of fossil fuels, and possibly lead from other anthropogenic sources (e.g., pesticides), could account for Pb isotope variations in the soil profiles. In agricultural regions, our preliminary data show that the extensive use of arsenical pesticides and herbicides can be a significant anthropogenic source of arsenic and lead to stream sediments and soils.
","largerWorkTitle":"Association for Environmental Health and Sciences - 21st Annual International Conference on Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water ","conferenceTitle":"21st Annual International Conference on Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water 2005","conferenceDate":"17 October 2005 through 20 October 2005","conferenceLocation":"Amherst, MA","language":"English","isbn":"9781604239522","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R.A., Foley, N.K., Robinson, G.R., Colvin, A., Lipfert, G., and Reeve, A., 2006, Containing arsenic-enriched groundwater tracing lead isotopic compositions of common arsenical pesticides in a coastal Maine watershed, in Association for Environmental Health and Sciences - 21st Annual International Conference on Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water , v. 11, Amherst, MA, 17 October 2005 through 20 October 2005, p. 64-92.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.69775390625,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -66.7529296875,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -70.697021484375,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -71.3671875,\n 43.83452678223684\n ],\n [\n -67.69775390625,\n 45.72152152227954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa2de4b0c8380cd4d986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Glipin R. 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Reconstructed gauges include the Green River at Green River, Utah; Colorado near Cisco, Utah; San Juan near Bluff, Utah; and Colorado at Lees Ferry, Arizona. The reconstructions explain 72–81% of the variance in the gauge records, and results are robust across several reconstruction approaches. Time series plots as well as results of cross‐spectral analysis indicate strong spatial coherence in runoff variations across the subbasins. The Lees Ferry reconstruction suggests a higher long‐term mean than previous reconstructions but strongly supports earlier findings that Colorado River allocations were based on one of the wettest periods in the past 5 centuries and that droughts more severe than any 20th to 21st century event occurred in the past.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004455","usgsCitation":"Woodhouse, C.A., Gray, S., and Meko, D.M., 2006, Updated streamflow reconstructions for the Upper Colorado River Basin: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 5, Article W05415; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004455.","productDescription":"Article W05415; 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","volume":"42","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd1ce4b08c986b328ece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodhouse, Connie A.","contributorId":187601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Stephen T. sgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Stephen T.","email":"sgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meko, David M.","contributorId":145887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meko","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031097,"text":"70031097 - 2006 - Mass balance assessment for mercury in Lake Champlain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031097","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass balance assessment for mercury in Lake Champlain","docAbstract":"A mass balance model for mercury in Lake Champlain was developed in an effort to understand the sources, inventories, concentrations, and effects of mercury (Hg) contamination in the lake ecosystem. To construct the mass balance model, air, water, and sediment were sampled as a part of this project and other research/monitoring projects in the Lake Champlain Basin. This project produced a STELLA-based computer model and quantitative apportionments of the principal input and output pathways of Hg for each of 13 segments in the lake. The model Hg concentrations in the lake were consistent with measured concentrations. Specifically, the modeling identified surface water inflows as the largest direct contributor of Hg into the lake. Direct wet deposition to the lake was the second largest source of Hg followed by direct dry deposition. Volatilization and sedimentation losses were identified as the two major removal mechanisms. This study significantly improves previous estimates of the relative importance of Hg input pathways and of wet and dry deposition fluxes of Hg into Lake Champlain. It also provides new estimates of volatilization fluxes across different lake segments and sedimentation loss in the lake. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es050513b","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Gao, N., Armatas, N., Shanley, J.B., Kamman, N., Miller, E., Keeler, G., Scherbatskoy, T., Holsen, T., Young, T., McIlroy, L., Drake, S., Olsen, B., and Cady, C., 2006, Mass balance assessment for mercury in Lake Champlain: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 82-89, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050513b.","startPage":"82","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211397,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es050513b"},{"id":238680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5246e4b0c8380cd6c2c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gao, N.","contributorId":11405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armatas, N.G.","contributorId":74572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armatas","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanley, J. 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In the geologic past, hydrothermal mineral deposits formed at the intersection of favorable geologic, hydrologic and geochemical gradients. In the present, weathering of these sulfide-rich deposits occurs as a result of the interplay between rates of oxygen supply versus rates of ground or surface-water flow. Transport and spatial dispersion of elements from a mineral deposit occurs as a function of competing rates of water flow versus rates of attenuation mechanisms such as adsorption, dilution, or (co)precipitation. In this paper we present several case studies from mineralized and altered sedimentary and crystalline aquifers in the western United States to illustrate the geologic control of ground-water flow and solute transport, and to demonstrate how this combined approach leads to a more complete understanding of the systems under study as well as facilitating some capability to predict major flow directions in aquifers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.029","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Wanty, R., and Berger, B.R., 2006, Geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical interpretations of mineral deposits as analogs for understanding transport of environmental contaminants: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 88, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 162-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.029.","startPage":"162","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211563,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.029"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a220ce4b0c8380cd56ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, B. R.","contributorId":77914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031165,"text":"70031165 - 2006 - Seasonal growth and mortality of juveniles of Lampsilis fasciola (Bivalvia: Unionidae) released to a fish hatchery raceway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:26:51","indexId":"70031165","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":735,"text":"American Malacological Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal growth and mortality of juveniles of Lampsilis fasciola (Bivalvia: Unionidae) released to a fish hatchery raceway","docAbstract":"Recent efforts to restore remnant or extirpated populations of freshwater mussels have focused on artificial propagation as an effective and practical conservation strategy. Although artificially cultured juveniles have been produced and released to the wild at various times of the year, no study has investigated the best time of year to release these juveniles. Newly metamorphosed juveniles of the wavyrayed lampmussel (Lampsilis fasciola) were released into a stream-fed fish hatchery raceway during March, June, and September. Growth and survival rates were measured 32, 52, 72, and 92 days post-metamorphosis. Juveniles released in June experienced the greatest growth and survival rates. Juveniles released in September and March experienced high mortality within the first month of release and exhibited poor growth in the cool water conditions typical of those seasons. Overwinter survival exhibited a size-dependent relationship.","language":"English","publisher":"American Malacological Society","issn":"07402783","usgsCitation":"Hanlon, S.D., and Neves, R.J., 2006, Seasonal growth and mortality of juveniles of Lampsilis fasciola (Bivalvia: Unionidae) released to a fish hatchery raceway: American Malacological Bulletin, v. 21, no. 1-2, p. 45-49.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"49","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341045,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173697#page/49/mode/1up"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88abe4b08c986b316ac3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanlon, Shane D.","contributorId":172762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanlon","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. 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Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neves, Richard J.","contributorId":8909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031022,"text":"70031022 - 2006 - Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70031022","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs","docAbstract":"Large karstic springs in east-central Florida, USA were studied using multi-tracer and geochemical modeling techniques to better understand groundwater flow paths and mixing of shallow and deep groundwater. Spring water types included Ca-HCO3 (six), Na-Cl (four), and mixed (one). The evolution of water chemistry for Ca-HCO3 spring waters was modeled by reactions of rainwater with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions. The Na-Cl and mixed-type springs were modeled by reactions of either rainwater or Upper Floridan aquifer water with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions and mixed with varying proportions of saline Lower Floridan aquifer water, which represented 4-53% of the total spring discharge. Multiple-tracer data-chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113, tritium (3H), helium-3 (3Hetrit), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) - for four Ca-HCO3 spring waters were consistent with binary mixing curves representing water recharged during 1980 or 1990 mixing with an older (recharged before 1940) tracer-free component. Young-water mixing fractions ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Tracer concentration data for two Na-Cl spring waters appear to be consistent with binary mixtures of 1990 water with older water recharged in 1965 or 1975. Nitrate-N concentrations are inversely related to apparent ages of spring waters, which indicated that elevated nitrate-N concentrations were likely contributed from recent recharge. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-005-0478-x","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Toth, D.J., and Katz, B., 2006, Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 14, no. 5, p. 827-847, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0478-x.","startPage":"827","endPage":"847","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0478-x"},{"id":239042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b88e4b0c8380cd6f607","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toth, D. 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At Pine Point, extensional faults underlying the trends of MVT ore bodies and brittle faults overprinting the Great Slave Lake Shear Zone define apinnate fault geometry and appear to be kinematically linked. Chemical and isotopic characteristics of MVT parental fluids are consistent with seawater and brine convection within fault-confined verticalaquifers, strong water-basement rock interaction, metalleaching from the basement, and focused release of hydrothermal fluids within linear zones of strained carbonate caprocks. Zones of recurrent strain in the basement and a cap of carbonate strata constitute the critical criteria for MVTexploration target selection in the WCSB.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00687626","usgsCitation":"Pana, D., 2006, Unravelling the structural control of mississippi valley-type deposits and prospects in carbonate sequences of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada, no. 591, p. 255-304.","startPage":"255","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"591","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbce0e4b08c986b328e50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pana, D.","contributorId":34739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pana","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031118,"text":"70031118 - 2006 - A cool eastern Pacific Ocean at the close of the Last Interglacial complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70031118","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A cool eastern Pacific Ocean at the close of the Last Interglacial complex","docAbstract":"New high-precision thermal ionization mass-spectrometric (TIMS) U-series ages of solitary corals (Balanophyllia elegans) from several marine terrace localities along the California and southern Oregon coasts date to the ???80,000 yr BP high stand of sea, correlative with marine isotope substage 5a, late in the last interglacial complex. Ages of multiple corals from localities north of Point An??o Nuevo (central California) and San Nicolas Island (southern California) suggest that this high sea stand could have lasted at least 8000 yr, from ???84,000 to ???76,000 yr BP. These ages overlap with those from marine deposits on tectonically stable Bermuda and tectonically emergent Barbados. Higher-elevation terraces at two California localities, in the Palos Verdes Hills and on San Nicolas Island, have corals with ages that range mostly from ???121,000 to ???116,000 yr BP, correlative with marine isotope substage 5e. These ages are similar to those reported for other terraces in southern California but are younger than some ages reported from Hawaii, Barbados and the Bahamas. Marine terrace faunas are excellent proxies for nearshore marine paleotemperatures during past high sea stands. Terraces on the Palos Verdes Hills and San Nicolas Island dated to the ???120,000 yr BP high sea stand have dominantly zoogeographically \"neutral\" species in exposed coastal localities, indicating nearshore waters similar to those of today. In contrast, ???80,000 yr BP, exposed coastal localities typically have molluscan faunas characterized by numerous extralimital northern species and a lack of extralimital southern species. These fossil assemblages are indicative of nearshore water temperatures that were cooler than modern temperatures at ???80,000 yr BP. Waters at least as warm as today's at ???120,000 yr BP and cooler than present at ???80,000 yr BP are in excellent agreement with marine alkenone records and coastal vegetation records derived from pollen data, from both southern and northern California. Decreased insolation or increased upwelling seem inadequate to explain the cool waters off the Pacific Coast from southern Oregon to southern California at ???80,000 yr BP. We propose that a stronger California Current (or at least one with a greater component of subarctic waters) may explain cooler-than-modern coastal waters during the ???80,000 yr BP high sea stand. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.014","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Simmons, K.R., Kennedy, G.L., Ludwig, K., and Groves, L., 2006, A cool eastern Pacific Ocean at the close of the Last Interglacial complex, in Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 25, no. 3-4, p. 235-262, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.014.","startPage":"235","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.014"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e39be4b0c8380cd46119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, G. L.","contributorId":23944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Groves, L.T.","contributorId":46306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"L.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035312,"text":"70035312 - 2006 - The role of sandstone in the development of an Ozark karst system, south-central Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035312","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of sandstone in the development of an Ozark karst system, south-central Missouri","docAbstract":"Cave, spring, and sinkhole development in the Ozarks of south-central Missouri is placed in a geologic framework through detailed geologic mapping. Geologic mapping shows that initial dissolution and inception of cave development is concentrated just beneath sandstone beds within Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician dolostone. Although rocks of the Ozarks have systematic and pervasive vertical joints, the development of karst conduits is controlled by bedding planes and stratigraphic variability. In the Salem Plateau of south-central Missouri, sinkholes occur in the lower part of the Ordovician Roubidoux Formation, where sinkholes are rimmed with and contain sandstone that has collapsed into voids in the underlying Ordovician Gasconade Dolomite. Cave diving by the Ozark Cave Diving Alliance into Alley Spring, a large (average flow 3.7 m3/s) spring along the Jacks Fork in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, shows that although the spring discharges from the middle part of the Gasconade, the source of water is a cave passage just beneath the Gunter Sandstone Member of the Gasconade Dolomite. Artesian conditions cause the upward movement of groundwater from cavernous dolostone beneath the sandstone aquitards to the large springs. We hypothesize that sandstone, which is largely impermeable due to silica cementation, acts as a confining unit where hydraulic pressure, combined with mixing of water of differing chemistry, increases dissolution in the underlying dolostone beds. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2404(04)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Orndorff, R.C., Weary, D., and Harrison, R., 2006, The role of sandstone in the development of an Ozark karst system, south-central Missouri: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 404, p. 31-38, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(04).","startPage":"31","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215402,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(04)"},{"id":243204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"404","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf95e4b08c986b3248d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orndorff, R. C.","contributorId":17613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weary, D. J.","contributorId":40617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrison, R.W.","contributorId":32188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031031,"text":"70031031 - 2006 - Estimating recharge rates with analytic element models and parameter estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031031","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating recharge rates with analytic element models and parameter estimation","docAbstract":"Quantifying the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge is usually a prerequisite for effective ground water flow modeling. In this study, an analytic element (AE) code (GFLOW) was used with a nonlinear parameter estimation code (UCODE) to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge using measured base flows as calibration targets. The ease and flexibility of AE model construction and evaluation make this approach well suited for recharge estimation. An AE flow model of an undeveloped watershed in northern Wisconsin was optimized to match median annual base flows at four stream gages for 1996 to 2000 to demonstrate the approach. Initial optimizations that assumed a constant distributed recharge rate provided good matches (within 5%) to most of the annual base flow estimates, but discrepancies of >12% at certain gages suggested that a single value of recharge for the entire watershed is inappropriate. Subsequent optimizations that allowed for spatially distributed recharge zones based on the distribution of vegetation types improved the fit and confirmed that vegetation can influence spatial recharge variability in this watershed. Temporally, the annual recharge values varied >2.5-fold between 1996 and 2000 during which there was an observed 1.7-fold difference in annual precipitation, underscoring the influence of nonclimatic factors on interannual recharge variability for regional flow modeling. The final recharge values compared favorably with more labor-intensive field measurements of recharge and results from studies, supporting the utility of using linked AE-parameter estimation codes for recharge estimation. Copyright ?? 2005 The Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00115.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Dripps, W.R., Hunt, R.J., and Anderson, M.P., 2006, Estimating recharge rates with analytic element models and parameter estimation: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 1, p. 47-55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00115.x.","startPage":"47","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211394,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00115.x"},{"id":238677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b3de4b0c8380cd5262f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dripps, W. R.","contributorId":27978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dripps","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Marilyn P.","contributorId":102970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033577,"text":"70033577 - 2006 - Contamination of ground water by PCE - A national perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033577","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Contamination of ground water by PCE - A national perspective","docAbstract":"Perchloroethylene (PCE) has physical and chemical properties that make it likely to persist in groundwater if released to the environment. The US Geological Survey has collected or compiled data on the occurrence of PCE in groundwater from major aquifers around the US. These data represent the occurrence of PCE in the groundwater resource as a whole and not occurrence at specific release sites. PCE was detected at measurable concentrations in nearly one in 10 wells in major aquifers throughout the country. Trichloroethylene was found most commonly with PCE and its presence may be due, in part, to reductive dechlorination of PCE. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Assessment, and Remediation Conference (Houston, TX 11/6-7/2006).","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Management - Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Assessment, and Remediation Conf","conferenceTitle":"Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Assessment, and Remediation Confere","conferenceDate":"6 November 2006 through 7 November 2006","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","issn":"10479","usgsCitation":"Moran, M., and Delzer, G., 2006, Contamination of ground water by PCE - A national perspective, in Ground Water Management - Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Assessment, and Remediation Conf, Houston, TX, 6 November 2006 through 7 November 2006.","startPage":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa46e4b0c8380cd4d9fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, M.J.","contributorId":7862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delzer, G.C.","contributorId":60261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delzer","given":"G.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031090,"text":"70031090 - 2006 - Low-temperature MTBE biodegradation in aquifer sediments with a history of low, seasonal ground water temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T08:22:20","indexId":"70031090","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-temperature MTBE biodegradation in aquifer sediments with a history of low, seasonal ground water temperatures","docAbstract":"Sediments from two shallow, methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE)–contaminated aquifers, with mean ground water temperatures ∼10°C, demonstrated significant mineralization of [U‐14C] MTBE to 14CO2 at incubation temperatures as low as 4°C. These results indicate that microbial degradation can continue to contribute to the attenuation of MTBE in ground water under wintertime, low‐temperature conditions.
Lago Loíza impounded in 1953 to supply San Juan, Puerto Rico, with drinking water; by 1994, it had lost 47% of its capacity. To characterize sedimentation in Lago Loíza, a study combining land-use history, hillslope erosion rates, and subbasin sediment yields was conducted. Sedimentation rates during the early part of the reservoir’s operation (1953– 1963) were slightly higher than the rates during 1964–1990. In the early history of the reservoir, cropland comprised 48% of the basin and erosion rates were high. Following economic shifts during the 1960s, cropland was abandoned and replaced by forest, which increased from 7.6% in 1950 to 20.6% in 1987. These land-use changes follow a pattern similar to the northeastern United States. Population in the Lago Loíza Basin increased 77% from 1950 to 1990, and housing units increased 194%. Sheetwash erosion measured from 1991 to 1993 showed construction sites had the highest sediment concentration (61,400 ppm), followed by cropland (47,400 ppm), pasture (3510 ppm), and forest (2050 ppm). This study illustrates how a variety of tools and approaches can be used to understand the complex interaction between land use, upland erosion, fluvial sediment transport and storage, and reservoir sedimentation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0272-3646.27.1.39","issn":"02723646","usgsCitation":"Gellis, A.C., Webb, R., McIntyre, S.C., and Wolfe, W.J., 2006, Land-use effects on erosion, sediment yields, and reservoir sedimentation: A case study in the Lago Loiza Basin, Puerto Rico: Physical Geography, v. 27, no. 1, p. 39-69, https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3646.27.1.39.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"69","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Lago Loíza basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.08482360839844,\n 18.116486967618844\n ],\n [\n -65.84312438964844,\n 18.116486967618844\n ],\n [\n -65.84312438964844,\n 18.364300951402384\n ],\n [\n -66.08482360839844,\n 18.364300951402384\n ],\n [\n -66.08482360839844,\n 18.116486967618844\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43bee4b0c8380cd665a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gellis, Allen C. 0000-0002-3449-2889 agellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-2889","contributorId":197684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen","email":"agellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Richard M. T. 0000-0001-9531-2207","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-2207","contributorId":35772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Richard M. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntyre, S. C.","contributorId":85992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntyre","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. 0000-0002-3292-051X wjwolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-051X","contributorId":140060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033576,"text":"70033576 - 2006 - Geophysical evaluation of the Success Dam foundation, Porterville, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033576","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geophysical evaluation of the Success Dam foundation, Porterville, California","docAbstract":"Success Dam is a zonedearth fill embankment located near Porterville, CA. Studies of Success Dam by the recent Dam Safety Assurance Program (DSAP) have demonstrated the potential for seismic instability and large deformation of the dam due to relatively low levels of earthquake shaking. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted several phases of investigations to determine the properties of the dam and its underlying foundation. Detailed engineering studies have been applied using a large number of analytical techniques to estimate the response of the dam and foundation system when subjected to earthquake loading. Although a large amount of data have been acquired, most are 'point' data from borings and results have to be extrapolated between the borings. Geophysical techniques were applied to image the subsurface to provide a better understanding of the spatial distribution of key units that potentially impact the stability. Geophysical investigations employing seismic refraction tomography, direct current (DC) resistivity, audio magnetotellurics (AMT) and self-potential (SP) were conducted across the location of the foundation of a new dam proposed to replace the existing one. Depth to bedrock and the occurrence of beds potentially susceptible to liquefaction were the focus of the investigations. Seismic refraction tomography offers a deep investigation of the foundation region and looks at compressional and shear properties of the material. Whereas resistivity surveys determines conductivity relationships in the shallow subsurface and can produce a relatively high-resolution image of geological units with different electrical properties. AMT was applied because it has the potential to look considerably deeper than the other methods, is useful for confirming depth to bedrock, and can be useful in identifying deep seated faults. SP is a passive electrical method that measures the electrical streaming potential in the subsurface that responds to the movement of ground water. SP surveys were conducted at low pool and high pool conditions in order to look for evidence of seepage below the existing dam. In this paper, we summarize these techniques, present their results at Success Dam, and discuss general application of these techniques for investigating dams and their foundations.","largerWorkTitle":"Association of State Dam Safety Officials - Dam Safety 2006, Proceedings from the 2006 Annual Conference","conferenceTitle":"2006 Annual Conference on Dam Safety","conferenceDate":"10 September 2008 through 14 September 2008","conferenceLocation":"Boston, MA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hunter, L.E., Powers, M., Haines, S., Asch, T., Burton, B., and Serafini, D., 2006, Geophysical evaluation of the Success Dam foundation, Porterville, California, in Association of State Dam Safety Officials - Dam Safety 2006, Proceedings from the 2006 Annual Conference, Boston, MA, 10 September 2008 through 14 September 2008.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2820e4b0c8380cd59e60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, L. E.","contributorId":100207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powers, M.H.","contributorId":40352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haines, S. 0000-0003-2611-8165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":13052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asch, T.","contributorId":95709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burton, B.L.","contributorId":93983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Serafini, D.C.","contributorId":56459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serafini","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030959,"text":"70030959 - 2006 - Controls on soil pore water solutes: An approach for distinguishing between biogenic and lithogenic processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:11:41","indexId":"70030959","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on soil pore water solutes: An approach for distinguishing between biogenic and lithogenic processes","docAbstract":"Spatial and temporal variations in pore water compositions are characterized for a deep regolith profile developed on a marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz California. Variations are resolved in terms of the dominance of either a lithogenic process, i.e. chemical weathering, or a biogenic process, i.e. plant nutrient cycling. The concept of elemental fractionation is introduced describing the extent that specific elements are mobilized and cycled as a result of these processes.
Three sites in the Front Range of Colorado, USA, were monitored from May through September 2003 to assess the presence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water derived from urban wastewater. Soil cores were collected monthly, and 19 pharmaceuticals, all of which were detected during the present study, were measured in 5‐cm increments of the 30‐cm cores. Samples of reclaimed water were analyzed three times during the study to assess the input of pharmaceuticals. Samples collected before the onset of irrigation in 2003 contained numerous pharmaceuticals, likely resulting from the previous year's irrigation. Several of the selected pharmaceuticals increased in total soil concentration at one or more of the sites. The four most commonly detected pharmaceuticals were erythromycin, carbamazepine, fluoxetine, and diphenhydramine. Typical concentrations of the individual pharmaceuticals observed were low (0.02–15 μg/kg dry soil). The existence of subsurface maximum concentrations and detectable concentrations at the lowest sampled soil depth might indicate interactions of soil components with pharmaceuticals during leaching through the vadose zone. Nevertheless, the present study demonstrates that reclaimed‐water irrigation results in soil pharmaceutical concentrations that vary through the irrigation season and that some compounds persist for months after irrigation.
With the goal of improving property-transfer model (PTM) predictions of unsaturated hydraulic properties, we investigated the influence of sedimentary structure, defined as particle arrangement during deposition, on laboratory-measured water retention (water content vs. potential [θ(ψ)]) of 10 undisturbed core samples from alluvial deposits in the western Mojave Desert, California. The samples were classified as having fluvial or debris-flow structure based on observed stratification and measured spread of particle-size distribution. The θ(ψ) data were fit with the Rossi–Nimmo junction model, representing water retention with three parameters: the maximum water content (θmax), the ψ-scaling parameter (ψo), and the shape parameter (λ). We examined trends between these hydraulic parameters and bulk physical properties, both textural—geometric mean, M g, and geometric standard deviation, σg, of particle diameter—and structural—bulk density, ρb, the fraction of unfilled pore space at natural saturation, A e, and porosity-based randomness index, Φs, defined as the excess of total porosity over 0.3. Structural parameters Φs and A e were greater for fluvial samples, indicating greater structural pore space and a possibly broader pore-size distribution associated with a more systematic arrangement of particles. Multiple linear regression analysis and Mallow's C p statistic identified combinations of textural and structural parameters for the most useful predictive models: for θmax, including A e, Φs, and σg, and for both ψo and λ, including only textural parameters, although use of A e can somewhat improve ψo predictions. Textural properties can explain most of the sample-to-sample variation in θ(ψ) independent of deposit type, but inclusion of the simple structural indicators A e and Φs can improve PTM predictions, especially for the wettest part of the θ(ψ) curve.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2005.0088","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Winfield, K., Nimmo, J., Izbicki, J., and Martin, P.M., 2006, Resolving structural influences on water-retention properties of alluvial deposits: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, no. 2, p. 706-719, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0088.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"706","endPage":"719","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0088"},{"id":238975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9dbe4b0c8380cd85ff1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winfield, K.A.","contributorId":85396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winfield","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, P. M.","contributorId":39003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031078,"text":"70031078 - 2006 - Effect of reduced winter precipitation and increased temperature on watershed solute flux, 1988-2002, Northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70031078","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of reduced winter precipitation and increased temperature on watershed solute flux, 1988-2002, Northern Michigan","docAbstract":"Since 1987 we have studied weekly change in winter (December-April) precipitation, snowpack, snowmelt, soil water, and stream water solute flux in a small (176-ha) Northern Michigan watershed vegetated by 65-85 year-old northern hardwoods. Our primary study objective was to quantify the effect of change in winter temperature and precipitation on watershed hydrology and solute flux. During the study winter runoff was correlated with precipitation, and forest soils beneath the snowpack remained unfrozen. Winter air temperature and soil temperature beneath the snowpack increased while precipitation and snowmelt declined. Atmospheric inputs declined for H+, NO 3- , NH 4+ , dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and SO 42- . Replicated plot-level results, which could not be directly extrapolated to the watershed scale, showed 90% of atmospheric DIN input was retained in surface shallow (<15 cm deep) soils while SO 42- flux increased 70% and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 30-fold. Most stream water base cation (C B), HCO 3- , and Cl- concentrations declined with increased stream water discharge, K+, NO 3- , and SO 42- remained unchanged, and DOC and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) increased. Winter stream water solute outputs declined or were unchanged with time except for NO 3- and DOC which increased. DOC and DIN outputs were correlated with the percentage of winter runoff and stream discharge that occurred when subsurface flow at the plot-level was shallow (<25 cm beneath Oi). Study results suggest that the percentage of annual runoff occurring as shallow lateral subsurface flow may be a major factor regulating solute outputs and concentrations in snowmelt-dominated ecosystems. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-005-1810-1","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., and Toczydlowski, D., 2006, Effect of reduced winter precipitation and increased temperature on watershed solute flux, 1988-2002, Northern Michigan: Biogeochemistry, v. 77, no. 3, p. 409-440, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-1810-1.","startPage":"409","endPage":"440","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-1810-1"},{"id":238942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05fee4b0c8380cd5107c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toczydlowski, D.","contributorId":9790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toczydlowski","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030938,"text":"70030938 - 2006 - Accumulation of contaminants in fish from wastewater treatment wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T10:08:57","indexId":"70030938","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation of contaminants in fish from wastewater treatment wetlands","docAbstract":"Increasing demands on water resources in arid environments make reclamation and reuse of municipal wastewater an important component of the water budget. Treatment wetlands can be an integral part of the water-reuse cycle providing both water-quality enhancement and habitat functions. When used for habitat, the bioaccumulation potential of contaminants in the wastewater is a critical consideration. Water and fish samples collected from the Tres Rios Demonstration Constructed Wetlands near Phoenix, Arizona, which uses secondary-treated wastewater to maintain an aquatic ecosystem in a desert environment, were analyzed for hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) and trace elements. Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD) were deployed to investigate uptake of HOC. The wetlands effectively removed HOC, and concentrations of herbicides, pesticides, and organic wastewater contaminants decreased 40−99% between inlet and outlet. Analysis of Tilapia mossambica and Gambusia affinis indicated accumulation of HOC, including p,p‘-DDE and trans-nonachlor. The SPMD accumulated the HOC detected in the fish tissue as well as additional compounds. Trace-element concentrations in whole-fish tissue were highly variable, but were similar between the two species. Concentrations of HOC and trace elements varied in different fish tissue compartments, and concentrations in Tilapia liver tissue were greater than those in the whole organism or filet tissue. Bioconcentration factors for the trace elements ranged from 5 to 58 000 and for the HOC ranged from 530 to 150 000.
Annual suspended-sediment flux estimates through Carquinez Strait (the seaward boundary of Suisun Bay, California) are provided based on surrogate measurements for advective, dispersive, and Stokes drift flux. The surrogates are landward watershed discharge, suspended-sediment concentration at one location in the Strait, and the longitudinal salinity gradient. The first two surrogates substitute for tidally averaged discharge and velocity-weighted suspended-sediment concentration in the Strait, thereby providing advective flux estimates, while Stokes drift is estimated with suspended-sediment concentration alone. Dispersive flux is estimated using the product of longitudinal salinity gradient and the root-mean-square value of velocity-weighted suspended-sediment concentration as an added surrogate variable. Cross-sectional measurements validated the use of surrogates during the monitoring period. During high freshwater flow advective and dispersive flux were in the seaward direction, while landward dispersive flux dominated and advective flux approached zero during low freshwater flow. Stokes drift flux was consistently in the landward direction. Wetter than average years led to net export from Suisun Bay, while dry years led to net sediment import. Relatively low watershed sediment fluxes to Suisun Bay contribute to net export during the wet season, while gravitational circulation in Carquinez Strait and higher suspended-sediment concentrations in San Pablo Bay (seaward end of Carquinez Strait) are responsible for the net import of sediment during the dry season. Annual predictions of suspended-sediment fluxes, using these methods, will allow for a sediment budget for Suisun Bay, which has implications for marsh restoration and nutrient/contaminant transport. These methods also provide a general framework for estimating sediment fluxes in estuarine environments, where temporal and spatial variability of transport are large. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.008","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., and Schoellhamer, D., 2006, Annual sediment flux estimates in a tidal strait using surrogate measurements: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 69, no. 1-2, p. 165-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.008.","startPage":"165","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438862,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P999DIB2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) data collection of water flow at Benicia Bridge, 2004"},{"id":237293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.008"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec34e4b0c8380cd4911b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028042,"text":"70028042 - 2006 - Application of environmental tracers to mixing, evolution, and nitrate contamination of ground water in Jeju Island, Korea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:37:28","indexId":"70028042","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of environmental tracers to mixing, evolution, and nitrate contamination of ground water in Jeju Island, Korea","docAbstract":"Tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were investigated as environmental tracers in ground water from Jeju Island (Republic of Korea), a basaltic volcanic island. Ground-water mixing was evaluated by comparing 3H and CFC-12 concentrations with lumped-parameter dispersion models, which distinguished old water recharged before the 1950s with negligible 3H and CFC-12 from younger water. Low 3H levels in a considerable number of samples cannot be explained by the mixing models, and were interpreted as binary mixing of old and younger water; a process also identified in alkalinity and pH of ground water. The ground-water CFC-12 age is much older in water from wells completed in confined zones of the hydro-volcanic Seogwipo Formation in coastal areas than in water from the basaltic aquifer. Major cation concentrations are much higher in young water with high nitrate than those in uncontaminated old water. Chemical evolution of ground water resulting from silicate weathering in basaltic rocks reaches the zeolite–smectite phase boundary. The calcite saturation state of ground water increases with the CFC-12 apparent (piston flow) age. In agricultural areas, the temporal trend of nitrate concentration in ground water is consistent with the known history of chemical fertilizer use on the island, but increase of nitrate concentration in ground water is more abrupt after the late 1970s compared with the exponential growth of nitrogen inputs.
On large, intensively engineered rivers like the Lower Missouri, the template of the physical habitat is determined by the nearly independent interaction of channel form and flow regime. We evaluated the interaction between flow and form by modeling four combinations of modern and historical channel form and modern and historical flow regimes. The analysis used shallow, slow water (shallow-water habitat, SWH, defined as depths between 0 and 1.5 m, and current velocities between 0 and 0.75 m/s) as an indicator of habitat that has been lost on many intensively engineered rivers and one that is thought to be especially important in rearing of young fishes. Two-dimensional hydrodynamic models for modern and historical channels of the Lower Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri, indicate substantial differences between the two channels in total availability and spatial characteristics of SWH. In the modern channel, SWH is maximized at extremely low flows and in overbank flows, whereas the historical channel had substantially more SWH at all discharges and SWH increased with increasing discharge. The historical channel form produced 3-7 times the SWH area of the modern channel regardless of flow regime. The effect of flow regime is evident in increased within-year SWH variability with the natural flow regime, including significant seasonal peaks of SWH associated with spring flooding. Comparison with other reaches along the Lower Missouri River indicates that a) channel form is the dominant control of the availability of habitat even in reaches where the hydrograph is more intensively altered, and b) rehabilitation projects that move toward the historical condition can be successful in increasing topographic diversity and thereby decreasing sensitivity of the availability of habitat to flow regime. The relative efficacy of managing flow and form in creating SWH is useful information toward achieving socially acceptable rehabilitation of the ecosystem in large river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.014","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R., and Galat, D., 2006, Flow and form in rehabilitation of large-river ecosystems: an example from the Lower Missouri River: Geomorphology, v. 77, no. 3-4, p. 249-269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.014.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"269","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210036,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.014"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1237e4b0c8380cd5420c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galat, D.L.","contributorId":54546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028055,"text":"70028055 - 2006 - Gas-water-rock interactions in Frio Formation following CO2 injection: Implications for the storage of greenhouse gases in sedimentary basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T13:11:26","indexId":"70028055","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas-water-rock interactions in Frio Formation following CO2 injection: Implications for the storage of greenhouse gases in sedimentary basins","docAbstract":"To investigate the potential for the geologic storage of CO2 in saline sedimentary aquifers, 1600 t of CO2 were injected at 1500 m depth into a 24-m-thick sandstone section of the Frio Formation, a regional brine and oil reservoir in the U.S. Gulf Coast. Fluid samples obtained from the injection and observation wells before CO2 injection showed a Na-Ca-Cl–type brine with 93,000 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) at near saturation with CH4 at reservoir conditions. Following CO2 breakthrough, samples showed sharp drops in pH (6.5–5.7), pronounced increases in alkalinity (100–3000 mg/L as HCO3) and Fe (30–1100 mg/L), and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H2O, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and CH4. Geochemical modeling indicates that brine pH would have dropped lower but for the buffering by dissolution of carbonate and iron oxyhydroxides. This rapid dissolution of carbonate and other minerals could ultimately create pathways in the rock seals or well cements for CO2 and brine leakage. Dissolution of minerals, especially iron oxyhydroxides, could mobilize toxic trace metals and, where residual oil or suitable organics are present, the injected CO2 could also mobilize toxic organic compounds. Environmental impacts could be major if large brine volumes with mobilized toxic metals and organics migrated into potable groundwater. The δ18O values for brine and CO2 samples indicate that supercritical CO2 comprises ∼50% of pore-fluid volume ∼6 mo after the end of injection. Postinjection sampling, coupled with geochemical modeling, indicates that the brine gradually will return to its preinjection composition.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G22357.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., Cole, D.R., Hovorka, S.D., Gunter, W., Knauss, K.G., and Freifeild, B.M., 2006, Gas-water-rock interactions in Frio Formation following CO2 injection: Implications for the storage of greenhouse gases in sedimentary basins: Geology, v. 34, no. 7, p. 577-580, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22357.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"580","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14e0e4b0c8380cd54be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, David R.","contributorId":79044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hovorka, Susan D.","contributorId":175572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hovorka","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gunter, W.D.","contributorId":14018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunter","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knauss, Kevin G.","contributorId":177240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knauss","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Freifeild, Barry M.","contributorId":42444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freifeild","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}