We tested serum samples from 387 free-ranging wolves (Canis lupus) from 2007 to 2013 for exposure to eight canid pathogens to establish baseline data on disease prevalence and spatial distribution in Minnesota's wolf population. We found high exposure to canine adenoviruses 1 and 2 (88% adults, 45% pups), canine parvovirus (82% adults, 24% pups), and Lyme disease (76% adults, 39% pups). Sixty-six percent of adults and 36% of pups exhibited exposure to the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum. Exposure to arboviruses was confirmed, including West Nile virus (37% adults, 18% pups) and eastern equine encephalitis (3% adults). Exposure rates were lower for canine distemper (19% adults, 5% pups) and heartworm (7% adults, 3% pups). Significant spatial trends were observed in wolves exposed to canine parvovirus and Lyme disease. Serologic data do not confirm clinical disease, but better understanding of disease ecology of wolves can provide valuable insight into wildlife population dynamics and improve management of these species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Diseases Association","doi":"10.7589/2016-06-140","usgsCitation":"Carstensen, M., Giudice, J.H., Hildebrand, E.C., Dubey, J.P., Erb, J., Stark, D., Hart, J., Barber-Meyer, S., Mech, L.D., Windels, S.K., and Edwards, A.J., 2017, A serosurvey of diseases of free-ranging gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Minnesota: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 53, no. 3, p. 459-471, https://doi.org/10.7589/2016-06-140.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"471","ipdsId":"IP-076995","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","volume":"53","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15437e4b01ccd54fc5e95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carstensen, Michelle","contributorId":127724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carstensen","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7123,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Health Program, 5463-C West Broadway, Forest Lake, Minnesota, 55025, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giudice, John H.","contributorId":182418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giudice","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":33344,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hildebrand, Erik C.","contributorId":168399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hildebrand","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dubey, J. 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We explore this transition in California, where adaptation and mitigation are advancing relatively rapidly, through four case studies that span large spatial domains and encompass diverse ecological systems, institutions, ownerships, and policies. The case studies demonstrate the context specificity of societal efforts to adapt ecosystems to climate change and involve applications of diverse scientific tools (e.g., scenario analyses, downscaled climate projections, ecological and connectivity models) tailored to specific planning and management situations (alternative energy siting, wetland management, rangeland management, open space planning). They illustrate how existing institutional and policy frameworks provide numerous opportunities to advance adaptation related to ecosystems and suggest that progress is likely to be greatest when scientific knowledge is integrated into collective planning and when supportive policies and financing enable action.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biu233","usgsCitation":"Chornesky, E., Ackerly, D., Paul Beier, Davis, F.W., Flint, L.E., Lawler, J.J., Moyle, P.B., Moritz, M.A., Scoonover, M., Byrd, K.B., Alvarez, P., Heller, N.E., Micheli, E., and Weiss, S., 2017, Adapting California’s ecosystems to a changing climate: BioScience, v. 65, no. 3, p. 247-262, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biu233.","productDescription":"16 p. 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2017 - Measuring urban water conservation policies: Toward a comprehensive index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T08:57:12","indexId":"70176248","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring urban water conservation policies: Toward a comprehensive index","docAbstract":"This article (1) discusses existing efforts to measure water conservation policies (WCPs) in the United States (U.S.); (2) suggests general methodological guidelines for creating robust water conservation indices (WCIs); (3) presents a comprehensive template for coding WCPs; (4) introduces a summary index, the Vanderbilt Water Conservation Index (VWCI), which is derived from 79 WCP observations for 197 cities for the year 2015; and (5) compares the VWCI to WCP data extracted from the 2010 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Water and Wastewater Rates survey. Existing approaches to measuring urban WCPs in U.S. cities are limited because they consider only a portion of WCPs or they are restricted geographically. The VWCI consists of a more comprehensive set of 79 observations classified as residential, commercial/industrial, billing structure, drought plan, or general. Our comparison of the VWCI and AWWA survey responses indicate reasonable agreement (ρ = 0.76) between the two WCIs for 98 cities where the data overlap. The correlation suggests the AWWA survey responses can provide fairly robust longitudinal WCP information, but we argue the measurement of WCPs is still in its infancy, and our approach suggests strategies for improving existing methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12506","usgsCitation":"Hess, D., Wold, C., Worland, S.C., and Hornberger, G., 2017, Measuring urban water conservation policies: Toward a comprehensive index: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 53, no. 2, p. 442-455, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12506.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"455","ipdsId":"IP-074939","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12506","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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We used a grand challenges approach to identify critical roadblocks that if removed would help solve important problems in the management and long-term conservation of North American inland fish and fisheries. We identified seven grand challenges within three themes (valuation, governance, and externalities) and 34 research needs and management actions. The major themes identified are to (1) raise awareness of diverse values associated with inland fish and fisheries, (2) govern inland fish and fisheries to satisfy multiple use and conservation objectives, and (3) ensure productive inland fisheries given nonfishing sector externalities. Addressing these grand challenges will help the broader community understand the diverse values of inland fish and fisheries, promote open forums for engagement of diverse stakeholders in fisheries management, and better integrate the inland fish sector into the greater water and land use policy process.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2017.1259945","usgsCitation":"Lynch, A., Cooke, S., Beard, Kao, Y., Lorenzen, K., Song, A.M., Allen, M.S., Basher, Z., Bunnell, D., Camp, E.V., Cowx, I.G., Freedman, J., Nguyen, V., Nohner, J.K., Rogers, M.W., Siders, Z.A., Taylor, W., and Youn, S., 2017, Grand challenges in the management and conservation of North American inland fishes and fisheries: Fisheries, v. 42, no. 2, p. 115-124, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2017.1259945.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"124","ipdsId":"IP-070790","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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,{"id":70182515,"text":"70182515 - 2017 - Ecology and space: A case study in mapping harmful invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-24T14:33:17","indexId":"70182515","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ecology and space: A case study in mapping harmful invasive species","docAbstract":"The establishment and invasion of non-native plant species have the ability to alter the composition of native species and functioning of ecological systems with financial costs resulting from mitigation and loss of ecological services. Spatially documenting invasions has applications for management and theory, but the utility of maps is challenged by availability and uncertainty of data, and the reliability of extrapolating mapped data in time and space. The extent and resolution of projections also impact the ability to inform invasive species science and management. Early invasive species maps were coarse-grained representations that underscored the phenomena, but had limited capacity to direct management aside from development of watch lists for priorities for prevention and containment. Integrating mapped data sets with fine-resolution environmental variables in the context of species-distribution models allows a description of species-environment relationships and an understanding of how, why, and where invasions may occur. As with maps, the extent and resolution of models impact the resulting insight. Models of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) across a variety of spatial scales and grain result in divergent species-environment relationships. New data can improve models and efficiently direct further inventories. Mapping can target areas of greater model uncertainty or the bounds of modeled distribution to efficiently refine models and maps. This iterative process results in dynamic, living maps capable of describing the ongoing process of species invasions.
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U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502-8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
The goals of the USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN, www.usanpn.org) are to advance science, inform decisions, and communicate and connect with the public regarding phenology and species’ responses to environmental variation and climate change. The USA-NPN seeks to facilitate informed ecosystem stewardship and management by providing phenological information freely and openly. One way the USA-NPN is endeavoring to accomplish these goals is by providing data and data products in a wide range of formats, including gridded real-time, short-term forecasted, and historical maps of phenological events, patterns and trends. This document describes the suite of gridded phenologically relevant data products produced and provided by the USA National Phenology Network, which can be accessed at www.usanpn.org/data/phenology_maps and also through web services at geoserver.usanpn.org/geoserver/wms?request=GetCapabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona","usgsCitation":"Crimmins, T.M., Marsh, R.L., Switzer, J.R., Crimmins, M.A., Gerst, K.L., Rosemartin, A.H., and Weltzin, J.F., 2017, USA National Phenology Network gridded products documentation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1003, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171003.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076553","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334617,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1003/ofr20171003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"432 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1003"},{"id":334616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1003/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Executive Director
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Gwinnett County Department of Water Resources, established a Long-Term Trend Monitoring (LTTM) program in 1996. The LTTM program is a comprehensive, long-term, water-quantity and water-quality monitoring program designed to document and analyze the hydrologic and water-quality conditions of selected watersheds in Gwinnett County, Georgia. Water-quality monitoring initially began in six watersheds and currently [2016] includes 13 watersheds.
As part of the LTTM program, streamflow, precipitation, water temperature, specific conductance, and turbidity were measured every 15 minutes for water years 2001–15 at 12 of the 13 watershed monitoring stations and for water years 2010–15 at the other watershed. In addition, discrete water-quality samples were collected seasonally from May through October (summer) and November through April (winter), including one base-flow and three stormflow event composite samples, during the study period. Samples were analyzed for nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), total organic carbon, trace elements (total lead and total zinc), total dissolved solids, and total suspended sediment (total suspended solids and suspended-sediment concentrations). The sampling scheme was designed to identify variations in water quality both hydrologically and seasonally.
The 13 watersheds were characterized for basin slope, population density, land use for 2012, and the percentage of impervious area from 2000 to 2014. Several droughts occurred during the study period—water years 2002, 2007–08, and 2011–12. Watersheds with the highest percentage of impervious areas had the highest runoff ratios, which is the portion of precipitation that occurs as runoff. Watershed base-flow indexes, the ratio of base-flow runoff to total runoff, were inversely correlated with watershed impervious area.
Flood-frequency estimates were computed for 13 streamgages in the study area that have 10 or more years of annual peak flow data through water year 2015, using the expected moments algorithm to fit a Pearson Type III distribution to logarithms of annual peak flows. Kendall’s tau nonparametric test was used to determine the statistical significance of trends in the annual peak flows, with none of the 13 streamgages exhibiting significant trends.
A comparison of base-flow and stormflow water-quality samples indicates that turbidity and concentrations of total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, total lead, total zinc, total suspended solids, and suspended-sediment concentrations increased with increasing discharge at all watersheds. Specific conductance decreased during stormflow at all watersheds, and total dissolved solids concentrations decreased during stormflow at a few of the watersheds. Total suspended solids and suspended-sediment concentrations typically were two orders of magnitude higher in stormflow samples, turbidities were about 1.5 orders of magnitude higher, total phosphorus and total zinc were about one order of magnitude higher, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, and total lead were about twofold higher than in base-flow samples.
Seasonality and long-term trends were identified for the period water years 2001–15 for 10 constituents—total nitrogen, total nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, total organic carbon, total suspended solids, suspended-sediment concentration, total lead, total zinc, and total dissolved solids. Seasonal patterns were present in most watersheds for all constituents except total dissolved solids, and the watersheds had fairly similar patterns of higher concentrations in the summer and lower concentrations in the winter. A linear long-term trend analysis of residual concentrations from the flow-only load estimation model (without time-trend terms) identified significant trends in 67 of the 130 constituent-watershed combinations. Seventy percent of the significant trends were negative. Total organic carbon and total dissolved solids had predominantly positive trends. Total phosphorus, total suspended solids, suspended-sediment concentration, total lead, and total zinc had only negative trends. The other three constituents exhibited fewer trends, both positive and negative.
Streamwater loads were estimated annually for the 13-year period water years 2003–15 for the same 10 constituents in the trend analysis. Loads were estimated using a regression-model-based approach developed by the USGS for the Gwinnett County LTTM program that accommodates the use of storm-event composited samples. Concentrations were modeled as a function of discharge, base flow, time, season, and turbidity to improve model predictions and reduce errors in load estimates. Total suspended solids annual loads have been identified in Gwinnett County’s Watershed Protection Plan for target performance criterion.
Although the amount of annual runoff was the primary factor in variations in annual loads, climatic conditions (classified as dry, average, or wet) affected annual loads beyond what was attributed to climatic-related variations in annual runoff. Significant negative trends in loads were estimated for the combined area of the watersheds for all constituents except dissolved phosphorus, total organic carbon, and total dissolved solids. The trend analysis indicated that total suspended solids and suspended-sediment concentration loads in the study area were decreasing by 57,000 and 87,000 pounds per day per year, respectively.
Variations in constituent yields between watersheds appeared to be related to various watershed characteristics. Suspended sediment (as either total suspended solids or suspended-sediment concentrations), along with constituents transported predominately in solid phase (total phosphorus, total organic carbon, total lead, and total zinc), and total dissolved solids typically had higher yields from watersheds that had high percentages of impervious areas or high basin slope. High total nitrogen yields were also associated with watersheds with high percentages of impervious areas. Low total nitrogen, total suspended solids, total lead, and total zinc yields appeared to be associated with watersheds that had a low percentage of high-density development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Gwinnett County Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Aulenbach, B.T., Joiner, J.K., and Painter, J.A., 2017, Hydrology and water quality in 13 watersheds in Gwinnett County, Georgia, 2001–15: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017– 5012, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175012. 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South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
Or visit the South Atlantic Water Science Center website at
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
A continually increasing number of high-quality digital strong-motion records from stations of the National Strong-Motion Project (NSMP) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), as well as data from regional seismic networks within the United States, call for automated processing of strong-motion records with human review limited to selected significant or flagged records. The NSMP has developed the Processing and Review Interface for Strong Motion data (PRISM) software to meet this need. In combination with the Advanced National Seismic System Quake Monitoring System (AQMS), PRISM automates the processing of strong-motion records. When used without AQMS, PRISM provides batch-processing capabilities. The PRISM version 1.0.0 is platform independent (coded in Java), open source, and does not depend on any closed-source or proprietary software. The software consists of two major components: a record processing engine and a review tool that has a graphical user interface (GUI) to manually review, edit, and process records. To facilitate use by non-NSMP earthquake engineers and scientists, PRISM (both its processing engine and review tool) is easy to install and run as a stand-alone system on common operating systems such as Linux, OS X, and Windows. PRISM was designed to be flexible and extensible in order to accommodate new processing techniques. This report provides a thorough description and examples of the record processing features supported by PRISM. All the computing features of PRISM have been thoroughly tested.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171008","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., Kalkan, E., and Stephens, C., 2017, Processing and review interface for strong motion data (PRISM) software, version 1.0.0—Methodology and automated processing: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1008, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171008.","productDescription":"x, 81 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065005","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335779,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1008/ofr20171008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1008"},{"id":335778,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1008/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Earthquake Science Center—Menlo Park, Calif. Office
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
Wastewaters from oil and gas development pose largely unknown risks to environmental resources. In January 2015, 11.4 M L (million liters) of wastewater (300 g/L TDS) from oil production in the Williston Basin was reported to have leaked from a pipeline, spilling into Blacktail Creek, North Dakota. Geochemical and biological samples were collected in February and June 2015 to identify geochemical signatures of spilled wastewaters as well as biological responses along a 44-km river reach. February water samples had elevated chloride (1030 mg/L) and bromide (7.8 mg/L) downstream from the spill, compared to upstream levels (11 mg/L and < 0.4 mg/L, respectively). Lithium (0.25 mg/L), boron (1.75 mg/L) and strontium (7.1 mg/L) were present downstream at 5–10 times upstream concentrations. Light hydrocarbon measurements indicated a persistent thermogenic source of methane in the stream. Semi-volatile hydrocarbons indicative of oil were not detected in filtered samples but low levels, including tetramethylbenzenes and di-methylnaphthalenes, were detected in unfiltered water samples downstream from the spill. Labile sediment-bound barium and strontium concentrations (June 2015) were higher downstream from the Spill Site. Radium activities in sediment downstream from the Spill Site were up to 15 times the upstream activities and, combined with Sr isotope ratios, suggest contributions from the pipeline fluid and support the conclusion that elevated concentrations in Blacktail Creek water are from the leaking pipeline. Results from June 2015 demonstrate the persistence of wastewater effects in Blacktail Creek several months after remediation efforts started. Aquatic health effects were observed in June 2015; fish bioassays showed only 2.5% survival at 7.1 km downstream from the spill compared to 89% at the upstream reference site. Additional potential biological impacts were indicated by estrogenic inhibition in downstream waters. Our findings demonstrate that environmental signatures from wastewater spills are persistent and create the potential for long-term environmental health effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.157","usgsCitation":"Cozzarelli, I.M., Skalak, K., Kent, D., Engle, M.A., Benthem, A.J., Mumford, A.C., Haase, K.B., Farag, A.M., Harper, D., Nagel, S.C., Iwanowicz, L., Orem, W.H., Akob, D.M., Jaeschke, J.B., Galloway, J.M., Kohler, M., Stoliker, D., and Jolly, G., 2017, Environmental signatures and effects of an oil and gas wastewater spill in the Williston Basin, North Dakota: Science of the Total Environment, v. 579, p. 1781-1793, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.157.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1781","endPage":"1793","ipdsId":"IP-080154","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.157","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.03778076171874,\n 48.09275716032736\n ],\n [\n -103.282470703125,\n 48.09275716032736\n ],\n [\n -103.282470703125,\n 48.963990624864145\n ],\n [\n -104.03778076171874,\n 48.963990624864145\n ],\n [\n -104.03778076171874,\n 48.09275716032736\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"579","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002c4e4b01ccd54fb27bd","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.157","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.157","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Cozzarelli I.M., Skalak K.J., Kent D.B., Engle M.A., Benthem A., Mumford A.C., Haase K., Farag A., Harper D., Nagel S.C., Iwanowicz L.R., Orem W.H., Akob D.M., Jaeschke J.B., Galloway J., Kohler M., Stoliker D.L., Jolly G.D.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"2/2017","publiclyAccessibleDate":"12/1/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - 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These tests were performed by using the MatLAB implementation of PRISM, which is equivalent to its public release version in Java language. Systematic comparisons were made in time and frequency domains of records processed in PRISM and BAP, and in CSMIP, by using a set of representative input motions with varying resolutions, frequency content, and amplitudes. Although the details of strong-motion records vary among the processing procedures, there are only minor differences among the waveforms for each component and within the frequency passband common to these procedures. A comprehensive statistical evaluation considering more than 1,800 ground-motion components demonstrates that differences in peak amplitudes of acceleration, velocity, and displacement time series obtained from PRISM and CSMIP processing are equal to or less than 4 percent for 99 percent of the data, and equal to or less than 2 percent for 96 percent of the data. Other statistical measures, including the Euclidian distance (L2 norm) and the windowed root mean square level of processed time series, also indicate that both processing schemes produce statistically similar products.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171020","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., and Stephens, C., 2017, Systematic comparisons between PRISM version 1.0.0, BAP, and CSMIP ground-motion processing: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1020, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171020.","productDescription":"xv, 108 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1020/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":335956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1020/ofr20171020.pdf","text":"Report","size":"34.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1020"}],"contact":"Earthquake Science Center—Menlo Park, Calif. Office
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
Parasitologists have worked out many complex life cycles over the last ~150 years, yet there have been few efforts to synthesize this information to facilitate comparisons among taxa. Most existing host-parasite databases focus on particular host taxa, do not distinguish final from intermediate hosts, and lack parasite life-history information. We summarized the known life cycles of trophically transmitted parasitic acanthocephalans, cestodes, and nematodes. For 973 parasite species, we gathered information from the literature on the hosts infected at each stage of the parasite life cycle (8510 host-parasite species associations), what parasite stage is in each host, and whether parasites need to infect certain hosts to complete the life cycle. We also collected life-history data for these parasites at each life cycle stage, including 2313 development time measurements and 7660 body size measurements. The result is the most comprehensive data summary available for these parasite taxa. In addition to identifying gaps in our knowledge of parasite life cycles, these data can be used to test hypotheses about life cycle evolution, host specificity, parasite life-history strategies, and the roles of parasites in food webs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.1680","usgsCitation":"Benesh, D.P., Lafferty, K.D., and Kuris, A., 2017, A life cycle database for parasitic acanthocephalans, cestodes, and nematodes: Ecology, v. 98, no. 3, p. 882-882, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1680.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"882","endPage":"882","ipdsId":"IP-080795","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1680","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336114,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002c5e4b01ccd54fb27c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benesh, Daniel P.","contributorId":181950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benesh","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuris, Armand","contributorId":181951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182162,"text":"fs20173013 - 2017 - Early action to address an emerging wildlife disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T14:27:46","indexId":"fs20173013","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-3013","title":"Early action to address an emerging wildlife disease","docAbstract":"A deadly fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) that affects amphibian skin was discovered during a die-off of European fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra) in 2014. This pathogen has the potential to worsen already severe worldwide amphibian declines. Bsal is a close relative to another fungal disease known as Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Many scientists consider Bd to be the greatest threat to amphibian biodiversity of any disease because it affects a large number of species and has the unusual ability to drive species and populations to extinction.
Although not yet detected in the United States, the emergence of Bsal could threaten the salamander population, which is the most diverse in the world. The spread of Bsal likely will lead to more State and federally listed threatened or endangered amphibian species, and associated economic effects.
Because of the concern expressed by resource management agencies, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has made Bsal and similar pathogens a priority for research.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20173013","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Harris, M.C., and Grear, D.A., 2017, Early action to address an emerging wildlife disease: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2017-3013, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173013.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-083368","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336152,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3013/fs20173013.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2017-3013"},{"id":336151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3013/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}\n","contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey,
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
http://usgs.gov/fresc
In order to provide long-term storage of diverted surface water from the Rio Grande as part of the Aamodt water rights settlement, managed aquifer recharge by surface infiltration in Pojoaque River Basin arroyos was proposed as an option. The initial hydrogeologic and geochemical characterization of two arroyos located within the Pojoaque River Basin was performed in 2014 and 2015 in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation to evaluate the potential suitability of these two arroyos as sites for managed aquifer recharge through surface infiltration.
The selected reaches were high-gradient (average 3.0–3.5 percent) braided channels filled with unconsolidated sand and gravel-sized deposits that were generally 30–50 feet thick. Saturation was not observed in the unconsolidated channel sands in four subsurface borings but was found at 7–60 feet below the contact between the unconsolidated channel sands and the bedrock. The poorly to well-cemented alluvial deposits that make up the bedrock underlying the unconsolidated channel material is the Tesuque Formation. The individual beds of the Tesuque Formation are reported to be highly heterogeneous and anisotropic, and the bedrock at the site was observed to have variable moisture and large changes in lithology. Surface electrical-resistivity geophysical survey methods showed a sharp contrast between the electrically resistive unconsolidated channel sands and the highly conductive bedrock; however, because of the high conductivity, the resistivity methods were not able to image the water table or preferential flow paths (if they existed) in the bedrock.
Infiltration rates measured by double-ring and bulk infiltration tests on a variety of channel morphologies in the study reaches were extremely large (9.7–94.5 feet per day), indicating that the channels could potentially accommodate as much as 6.6 cubic feet per second of applied water without generating surface runoff out of the reach; however, the small volume available for storage in the unconsolidated channel sands (about 410 acre-feet in the east arroyo and about 190 acre-feet in the west arroyo) and the potential for the infiltrating water to preferentially flow over the bedrock contact and out of the reach present a challenge for storing water. Although a detailed assessment of the infiltration rate of the Tesuque Formation is beyond the scope of this investigation, one double-ring infiltrometer test was conducted on an outcrop, resulting in an estimated infiltration rate of about 4 feet per day.
The shallow groundwater observed in this investigation was determined to be recharged locally on the basis of groundwater elevations and geochemical and isotopic signatures. The channel sands and shallow bedrock were observed to be weathered, indicating contact with oxic groundwater following deposition. This observation was supported by whole-rock elemental analysis and mineralogy of several core samples. The downward groundwater gradient between the shallow wells and those wells screened at greater depths suggests that the shallow groundwater is recharged by local precipitation and has the potential to migrate to the deeper aquifer units. The two age-dating tracers measured in this investigation, however, demonstrate that the shallow groundwater flow paths are very slow and that the deeper flow paths are likely part of a larger regional system.
The composition of the shallow, native groundwater suggests that storing water diverted from the Rio Grande is not likely to leach constituents of concern that would cause the stored water to exceed health-based U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Robertson, A.J., Cordova, Jeffery, Teeple, Andrew, Payne, Jason, and Carruth, Rob, 2017, Hydrogeologic and geochemical characterization and evaluation of two arroyos for managed aquifer recharge by surface infiltration in the Pojoaque River Basin, Santa Fe County, New Mexico, 2014–15: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5007, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175007.","productDescription":"viii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075269","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5007/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":335868,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5007/sir20175007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5007"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Pojoaque River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.0781478881836,\n 35.84745660543003\n ],\n [\n -106.02767944335938,\n 35.84745660543003\n ],\n [\n -106.02767944335938,\n 35.88390424455402\n ],\n [\n -106.0781478881836,\n 35.88390424455402\n ],\n [\n -106.0781478881836,\n 35.84745660543003\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
5338 Montgomery Blvd. NE
Suite 400
Albuquerque, NM 87113
https://nm.water.usgs.gov/
The Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units (CRU) Program had a productive year in 2016. Despite vacancies in our scientist ranks exceeding 20 percent, our research, training, and teaching portfolio was full and we graduated 93 students and published 398 manuscripts primarily focused on addressing the real conservation challenges of our cooperators. As I’ve stated before, our mission is our legacy: meeting the actionable science needs of our cooperators, providing them technical guidance and assistance in interpreting and applying new advances in science, and developing the future workforce through graduate education and mentoring. Our scientists and the manner in which they approach our mission continue to inspire me. The most rewarding part of my job is meeting and engaging with the students they recruit—the conservation professionals of the future. I cannot help but feel uplifted after discussions with and presentations by these young men and women. Personally, I owe my place in the profession today to the mentoring I received as a CRU student, and today’s CRU scientists have raised the bar. It gives me hope for the future of conservation, and added motivation to see our vacancies filled so that we can expand our portfolio.
The National Cooperators’ Coalition has been active and is strategically working to build support on our behalf. Sincere thanks to the American Fisheries Society, the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, the Boone and Crockett Club, the National Association of University Fish and Wildlife Programs, the Wildlife Management Institute, and The Wildlife Society for their efforts and those of their affiliated members.
We co-sponsored a workshop at the 2016 North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference along with the American Fisheries Society, the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, the Wildlife Management Institute, and The Wildlife Society, titled “Barriers and Bridges in Reconnecting Natural Resources Science and Management.” The workshop was well received and we have been asked to continue the dialogue with a second workshop in 2017. It was evident during the workshop that the CRU is viewed by our cooperators as an important and essential linkage between academia and practitioners. This is testament to the legacy of the CRU Program and the foundation it is built upon. In this Year in Review report, you will find details on staffing, vacancies, research funding, and other pertinent information. You will also see snapshots of CRU projects with information on how results have been or are being applied by cooperators. That is the essence of what we do: science that matters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1424","isbn":"978-1-4113-4106-7","usgsCitation":"Organ, J.F., Thompson, J.D., Dennerline, D.E., and Childs, D.E., 2017, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program—2016 year in review: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1424, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1424.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 44 p.; Companion File","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-080577","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340050,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20173022","text":"Fact Sheet 2017–3022","linkHelpText":"- Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units—A Model Partnership Program"},{"id":340051,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1427","text":"Circular 1427","linkHelpText":"- U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program—2016 Research Abstracts"},{"id":334820,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1420","text":"Circular 1420","linkHelpText":"Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program—2015 Year in Review"},{"id":334818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1424/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":334821,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/gip170","text":"General Information Product postcard - ","linkHelpText":"Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program—2016 Year in Review"},{"id":334819,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1424/circ1424.pdf","text":"Report","size":"41.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circ 1424"}],"contact":"Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://www.coopunits.org/
This postcard provides details about the Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units (CRU) Program—2016 Year in Review, Circular 1424. This Circular provides information relating to fish and wildlife science, students, staffing, vacancies, research funding, outreach and training, science themes, background on the CRU program, accolades, and professional services. Snapshots of Unit projects with information on how results have been or are being applied by cooperators are included. This is the essence of what we do: science that matters.
Throughout the year, keep up with our research projects at www.coopunits.org.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip170","usgsCitation":"Organ, J.F., Thompson, J.D., Dennerline, D.E., and Childs, D.E., 2017, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program—2016 year in review postcard: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 170, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip170.","productDescription":"Postcard: 4.25 x 6.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-081304","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0170/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":334823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1424","text":"Circular 1424","linkHelpText":"Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program—2016 Year in Review"},{"id":334824,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0170/gip170.pdf","text":"Report","size":"335 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 170"}],"country":"United States","contact":"Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://www.coopunits.org/
We tested the efficacy of a vertically oriented field of pulsed direct current (VEPDC) created by an array of vertical electrodes for guiding downstream-moving juvenile Sea Lampreys Petromyzon marinus to a bypass channel in an artificial flume at water velocities of 10–50 cm/s. Sea Lampreys were more likely to be captured in the bypass channel than in other sections of the flume regardless of electric field status (on or off) or water velocity. Additionally, Sea Lampreys were more likely to be captured in the bypass channel when the VEPDC was active; however, an interaction between the effects of VEPDC and water velocity was observed, as the likelihood of capture decreased with increases in water velocity. The distribution of Sea Lampreys shifted from right to left across the width of the flume toward the bypass channel when the VEPDC was active at water velocities less than 25 cm/s. The VEPDC appeared to have no effect on Sea Lamprey distribution in the flume at water velocities greater than 25 cm/s. We also conducted separate tests to determine the threshold at which Sea Lampreys would become paralyzed. Individuals were paralyzed at a mean power density of 37.0 µW/cm3. Future research should investigate the ability of juvenile Sea Lampreys to detect electric fields and their specific behavioral responses to electric field characteristics so as to optimize the use of this technology as a nonphysical guidance tool across variable water velocities.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1256834","usgsCitation":"Miehls, S.M., Johnson, N., and Haro, A., 2017, Electrical guidance efficiency of downstream-migrating juvenile Sea Lamprey decreases with increasing water velocity: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 146, no. 2, p. 299-307, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1256834.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"307","ipdsId":"IP-080796","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7707ZNJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Assessment of pulsed DC electric field to guide downstream migrating sea lamprey in experimental flume at USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, Turners Falls, MA (December 2013)"},{"id":336007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb138e4b01ccd54f9ee10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miehls, Scott M. 0000-0002-5546-1854 smiehls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5546-1854","contributorId":5007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miehls","given":"Scott","email":"smiehls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":150983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haro, Alexander 0000-0002-7188-9172 aharo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":139198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alexander","email":"aharo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182161,"text":"ofr20171022 - 2017 - Record-high specific conductance and water temperature in San Francisco Bay during water year 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T09:38:04","indexId":"ofr20171022","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1022","title":"Record-high specific conductance and water temperature in San Francisco Bay during water year 2015","docAbstract":"The San Francisco estuary is commonly defined to include San Francisco Bay (bay) and the adjacent Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta (delta). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has operated a high-frequency (15-minute sampling interval) water-quality monitoring network in San Francisco Bay since the late 1980s (Buchanan and others, 2014). This network includes 19 stations at which sustained measurements have been made in the bay; currently, 8 stations are in operation (fig. 1). All eight stations are equipped with specific conductance (which can be related to salinity) and water-temperature sensors. Water quality in the bay constantly changes as ocean tides force seawater in and out of the bay, and river inflows—the most significant coming from the delta—vary on time scales ranging from those associated with storms to multiyear droughts. This monitoring network was designed to observe and characterize some of these changes in the bay across space and over time. The data demonstrate a high degree of variability in both specific conductance and temperature at time scales from tidal to annual and also reveal longer-term changes that are likely to influence overall environmental health in the bay.
In water year (WY) 2015 (October 1, 2014, through September 30, 2015), as in the preceding water year (Downing-Kunz and others, 2015), the high-frequency measurements revealed record-high values of specific conductance and water temperature at several stations during a period of reduced freshwater inflow from the delta and other tributaries because of persistent, severe drought conditions in California. This report briefly summarizes observations for WY 2015 and compares them to previous years that had different levels of freshwater inflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171022","issn":"2331-1258 (online)","usgsCitation":"Work, P.A., Downing-Kunz, M.A., and Livsey, D., 2017, Record-high specific conductance and water temperature in San Francisco Bay during water year 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1022, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171022.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079162","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335947,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1022/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":335948,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1022/ofr20171022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1022"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.9,\n 37.4\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 37.4\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.1\n ],\n [\n -121.9,\n 38.1\n ],\n [\n -121.9,\n 37.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, CA 95819
Tsunami evacuation planning in coastal communities is typically focused on local events where at-risk individuals must move on foot in a matter of minutes to safety. Less attention has been placed on distant tsunamis, where evacuations unfold over several hours, are often dominated by vehicle use and are managed by public safety officials. Traditional traffic simulation models focus on estimating clearance times but often overlook the influence of varying population demand, alternative modes, background traffic, shadow evacuation, and traffic management alternatives. These factors are especially important for island communities with limited egress options to safety. We use the coastal community of Balboa Island, California (USA), as a case study to explore the range of potential clearance times prior to wave arrival for a distant tsunami scenario. We use a first-in–first-out queuing simulation environment to estimate variations in clearance times, given varying assumptions of the evacuating population (demand) and the road network over which they evacuate (supply). Results suggest clearance times are less than wave arrival times for a distant tsunami, except when we assume maximum vehicle usage for residents, employees, and tourists for a weekend scenario. A two-lane bridge to the mainland was the primary traffic bottleneck, thereby minimizing the effect of departure times, shadow evacuations, background traffic, boat-based evacuations, and traffic light timing on overall community clearance time. Reducing vehicular demand generally reduced clearance time, whereas improvements to road capacity had mixed results. Finally, failure to recognize non-residential employee and tourist populations in the vehicle demand substantially underestimated clearance time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-016-2655-8","usgsCitation":"Henry, K., Wood, N.J., and Frazier, T.G., 2017, Influence of road network and population demand assumptions in evacuation modeling for distant tsunamis: Natural Hazards, v. 85, no. 3, p. 1665-1687, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2655-8.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1665","endPage":"1687","ipdsId":"IP-075676","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Balboa Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.9019045829773,\n 33.603056937190075\n ],\n [\n -117.88405179977417,\n 33.603056937190075\n ],\n [\n -117.88405179977417,\n 33.609883739325674\n ],\n [\n -117.9019045829773,\n 33.609883739325674\n ],\n [\n -117.9019045829773,\n 33.603056937190075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595ca914e4b0d1f9f054ca16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, Kevin 0000-0001-9314-2531 khenry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9314-2531","contributorId":176934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Kevin","email":"khenry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frazier, Tim G.","contributorId":64793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazier","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179709,"text":"sir20165177 - 2017 - Characterization of streamflow, suspended sediment, and nutrients entering Galveston Bay from the Trinity River, Texas, May 2014–December 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T15:20:47","indexId":"sir20165177","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-21T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5177","title":"Characterization of streamflow, suspended sediment, and nutrients entering Galveston Bay from the Trinity River, Texas, May 2014–December 2015","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board and the Galveston Bay Estuary Program, collected streamflow and water-quality data at USGS streamflow-gaging stations in the lower Trinity River watershed from May 2014 to December 2015 to characterize and improve the current understanding of the quantity and quality of freshwater inflow entering Galveston Bay from the Trinity River. Continuous streamflow records at four USGS streamflow-gaging stations were compared to quantify differences in streamflow magnitude between upstream and downstream reaches of the lower Trinity River. Water-quality conditions were characterized from discrete nutrient and sediment samples collected over a range of hydrologic conditions at USGS streamflow-gaging station 08067252 Trinity River at Wallisville, Tex. (hereinafter referred to as the “Wallisville site”), approximately 4 river miles upstream from where the Trinity River enters Galveston Bay.
Based on streamflow records, annual mean outflow from Livingston Dam into the lower Trinity River was 2,240 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) in 2014 and 22,400 ft3/s in 2015, the second lowest and the highest, respectively, during the entire period of record (1966–2015). During this study, only about 54 percent of the total volume measured at upstream sites was accounted for at the Wallisville site as the Trinity River enters Galveston Bay. This difference in water volumes between upstream sites and the Wallisville site indicates that at high flows a large part of the volume released from Lake Livingston does not reach Galveston Bay through the main channel of the Trinity River. These findings indicate that water likely flows into wetlands and water bodies surrounding the main channel of the Trinity River before reaching the Wallisville site and is being stored or discharged through other channels that flow directly into Galveston Bay.
To characterize suspended-sediment concentrations and loads in Trinity River inflow to Galveston Bay, a regression model was developed to estimate suspended-sediment concentrations by using acoustic backscatter data as a surrogate. The model yielded an adjusted coefficient of determination value of 0.92 and a root mean square error of 1.65 milligrams per liter (mg/L). The mean absolute percentage error between measured and estimated suspended-sediment concentration was 35 percent. During this study, estimated suspended-sediment concentrations ranged from 2 to 701 mg/L, with a mean of 97 mg/L. Suspended-sediment concentrations varied in response to changes in discharge, with peak suspended-sediment concentrations occurring 1 to 2 days before the peak discharge for each event. The total suspended-sediment load at the Wallisville site during May 2014–December 2015 was approximately 2,200,000 tons, with a minimum monthly suspended-sediment load of 100 tons in October 2014 and a maximum monthly load of 441,000 tons in November 2015.
Results from nutrient samples collected at the Wallisville site indicate that total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations fluctuated at a similar rate, with the highest nutrient concentrations occurring during periods of high flow corresponding to releases from Lake Livingston. The mean concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were approximately 75 percent higher during high flow releases than during periods of low flow, overshadowing variations in nutrient concentrations caused by seasonality at the Wallisville site.
Results from the study indicate nutrient delivery to Galveston Bay from the main channel of the Trinity River is likely controlled primarily by high-flow releases from Lake Livingston. For most samples collected at the Wallisville site, organic nitrogen was the predominant form of nitrogen; however, when discharge increased because of releases from Lake Livingston, the percentage of organic nitrogen typically decreased and the percentage of nitrate increased. The concentrations of total phosphorus also increased during high-flow events, likely as a result of suspended sediment within Lake Livingston releases and mobilization of sediment particles in the river channel and flood plain during these periods of high flow. The predominant source of phosphorous to Galveston Bay from the Trinity River is in particulate form closely tied to suspended-sediment concentrations. The changes in nutrient concentration and composition caused by releases from Lake Livingston during this study indicate the reservoir may play an important role in the delivery of nutrients into Galveston Bay. Further study is required to better understand the processes in Lake Livingston influencing the characteristics of nutrient and sediment inflow to Galveston Bay. With phosphorous concentrations correlated to suspended-sediment concentrations (coefficient of determination value of 0.75) and with the concentrations of nutrients changing as the discharge changes, the diversion of water and suspended sediment into surrounding wetlands and channels outside of the main channel of the Trinity River may play a large role in regulating nutrient inputs into Galveston Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165177","isbn":"978-1-4113-4107-4","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board and the Galveston Bay Estuary Program ","usgsCitation":"Lucena, Zulimar, and Lee, M.T., 2017, Characterization of streamflow, suspended sediment, and nutrients entering Galveston Bay from the Trinity River, Texas, May 2014–December 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5177, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165177.\n","productDescription":"vii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077707","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335588,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5177/sir20165177.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5177"},{"id":335587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5177/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Galveston Bay, Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.15533447265625,\n 29.7596087873038\n ],\n [\n -94.58953857421875,\n 29.7596087873038\n ],\n [\n -94.58953857421875,\n 30.982318643027536\n ],\n [\n -95.15533447265625,\n 30.982318643027536\n ],\n [\n -95.15533447265625,\n 29.7596087873038\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, X 78754
https://tx.usgs.gov/
Trends in long-term water-quality and streamflow data from six water-quality-monitoring stations within three major river basins in Massachusetts and Rhode Island that flow into Narragansett Bay and Little Narragansett Bay were evaluated for water years 1979–2015. In this study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, the Rhode Island Water Resources Board, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, water-quality and streamflow data were evaluated with a Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season smoothing method, which removes the effects of year-to-year variation in water-quality conditions due to variations in streamflow (discharge). Trends in annual mean, annual median, annual maximum, and annual 7-day minimum flows at four continuous streamgages were evaluated by using a time-series smoothing method for water years 1979–2015.
Water quality at all monitoring stations changed over the study period. Decreasing trends in flow-normalized nutrient concentrations and loads were observed during the period at most monitoring stations for total nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate, and total phosphorus. Average flow-normalized loads for water years 1979–2015 decreased in the Blackstone River by up to 46 percent in total nitrogen, 17 percent in nitrite plus nitrate, and 69 percent in total phosphorus. The other rivers also had decreasing flow-normalized trends in nutrient concentrations and loads, except for the Pawtuxet River, which had an increasing trend in nitrite plus nitrate. Increasing trends in flow-normalized chloride concentrations and loads were observed during the study period at all of the rivers, with increases of more than 200 percent in the Blackstone River.
Small increasing trends in annual mean daily streamflow were observed in 3 of the 4 rivers, with increases of 1.2 to 11 percent; however, the trends were not significant. All 4 rivers had decreases in streamflow for the annual 7-day minimums, but only 3 of the 4 rivers had decreases that were significant (34 to 54 percent). The Branch River had decreasing annual mean daily streamflow (7.5 percent) and the largest decrease in the annual 7-day minimum streamflow. The Blackstone and Pawtuxet Rivers had the largest increases in annual maximum daily flows but had decreases in the annual 7-day minimum flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165178","isbn":"978-1-4113-4102-9","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, the Rhode Island Water Resources Board, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ","usgsCitation":"Savoie, J.G., Mullaney, J.R., and Bent, G.C., 2017, Analysis of trends of water quality and streamflow in the Blackstone, Branch, Pawtuxet, and Pawcatuck Rivers, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 1979 to 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5178, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165178.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075513","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335759,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5178/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":335760,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5178/sir20165178.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.60 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5178"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Blackstone River, Branch River, Pawcatuck River. Pawtuxet River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.04833984375,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -71.35345458984375,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -71.35345458984375,\n 42.10433598038485\n ],\n [\n -72.04833984375,\n 42.10433598038485\n ],\n [\n -72.04833984375,\n 41.269549502842565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 5.27 trillion cubic feet of coalbed gas in the Karoo Basin Province.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163103","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Brownfield, M.E., Tennyson, M.E., Klett, T.R., Mercier, T.J., Hawkins, S.J., Gaswirth, S.B., Marra, K.R., Finn, T.M., Le, P.A., and Leathers-Miller, H.M., 2017, Assessment of Permian coalbed gas resources of the Karoo Basin Province, South Africa and Lesotho, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3103, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20163103.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-079527","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335717,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3103/fs20163103.pdf","text":"Report","size":"608 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3103"},{"id":335716,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3103/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Lesotho, South Africa","otherGeospatial":"Karoo Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 25,\n -32\n ],\n [\n 32,\n -32\n ],\n [\n 32,\n -25\n ],\n [\n 25,\n -25\n ],\n [\n 25,\n -32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Structure loss to wildfire is a serious problem in wildland-urban interface areas across the world. Laboratory experiments suggest that fire-resistant building construction and design could be important for reducing structure destruction, but these need to be evaluated under real wildfire conditions, especially relative to other factors. Using empirical data from destroyed and surviving structures from large wildfires in southern California, we evaluated the relative importance of building construction and structure age compared to other local and landscape-scale variables associated with structure survival. The local-scale analysis showed that window preparation was especially important but, in general, creating defensible space adjacent to the home was as important as building construction. At the landscape scale, structure density and structure age were the two most important factors affecting structure survival, but there was a significant interaction between them. That is, young structure age was most important in higher-density areas where structure survival overall was more likely. On the other hand, newer-construction structures were less likely to survive wildfires at lower density. Here, appropriate defensible space near the structure and accessibility to major roads were important factors. In conclusion, community safety is a multivariate problem that will require a comprehensive solution involving land use planning, fire-safe construction, and property maintenance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.11.011","usgsCitation":"Syphard, A.D., Brennan, T.J., and Keeley, J.E., 2017, The importance of building construction materials relative to other factors affecting structure survival during wildfire: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, v. 21, p. 140-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.11.011.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"147","ipdsId":"IP-075859","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc0e4b01ccd54f8b515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Syphard, Alexandra D.","contributorId":8977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syphard","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brennan, Teresa J. 0000-0002-0646-3298 tjbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0646-3298","contributorId":4323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Teresa","email":"tjbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182214,"text":"70182214 - 2017 - Long-term fish monitoring in large rivers: Utility of “benchmarking” across basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-20T12:58:35","indexId":"70182214","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term fish monitoring in large rivers: Utility of “benchmarking” across basins","docAbstract":"In business, benchmarking is a widely used practice of comparing your own business processes to those of other comparable companies and incorporating identified best practices to improve performance. Biologists and resource managers designing and conducting monitoring programs for fish in large river systems tend to focus on single river basins or segments of large rivers, missing opportunities to learn from those conducting fish monitoring in other rivers. We briefly examine five long-term fish monitoring programs in large rivers in the United States (Colorado, Columbia, Mississippi, Illinois, and Tallapoosa rivers) and identify opportunities for learning across programs by detailing best monitoring practices and why these practices were chosen. Although monitoring objectives, methods, and program maturity differ between each river system, examples from these five case studies illustrate the important role that long-term monitoring programs play in interpreting temporal and spatial shifts in fish populations for both established objectives and newly emerging questions. We suggest that deliberate efforts to develop a broader collaborative network through benchmarking will facilitate sharing of ideas and development of more effective monitoring programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2017.1276330","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.L., Casper, A.F., Counihan, T.D., Bayer, J.M., Waite, I.R., Kosovich, J.J., Chapman, C., Irwin, E.R., Sauer, J.S., Ickes, B., and McKerrow, A., 2017, Long-term fish monitoring in large rivers: Utility of “benchmarking” across basins: Fisheries, v. 42, no. 2, p. 100-114, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2017.1276330.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"114","ipdsId":"IP-072130","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38315,"text":"GAP Analysis Project","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2499579","text":"External 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