{"pageNumber":"1021","pageRowStart":"25500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40828,"records":[{"id":71122,"text":"sir20055186 - 2005 - Hydrology, geomorphology, and flood profiles of Lemon Creek, Juneau, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T15:29:26","indexId":"sir20055186","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5186","title":"Hydrology, geomorphology, and flood profiles of Lemon Creek, Juneau, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Lemon Creek near Juneau, Alaska has a history of extensive gravel mining, which straightened and deepened the stream channel in the lower reaches of the study area. Gravel mining and channel excavation began in the 1940s and continued through the mid-1980s. Time sequential aerial photos and field investigations indicate that the channel morphology is reverting to pre-disturbance conditions through aggradation of sediment and re-establishment of braided channels, which may result in decreased channel conveyance and increased flooding potential. Time sequential surveys of selected channel cross sections were conducted in an attempt to determine rates of channel aggradation/degradation throughout three reaches of the study area. In order to assess flooding potential in the lower reaches of the study area the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System model was used to estimate the water-surface elevations for the 2-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year floods. A regionally based regression equation was used to estimate the magnitude of floods for the selected recurrence intervals. Forty-two cross sections were surveyed to define the hydraulic characteristics along a 1.7-mile reach of the stream. High-water marks from a peak flow of 1,820 cubic feet per second, or about a 5-year flood, were surveyed and used to calibrate the model throughout the study area. The stream channel at a bridge in the lower reach could not be simulated without violating assumptions of the model. A model without the lower bridge indicates flood potential is limited to a small area.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/sir20055186","usgsCitation":"Host, R.H., and Neal, E., 2005, Hydrology, geomorphology, and flood profiles of Lemon Creek, Juneau, Alaska (Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5186, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055186.","productDescription":"28 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6823,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5186/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","edition":"Online Only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Host, Randy H.","contributorId":53778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Host","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, Edward G.","contributorId":68775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Edward G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":71118,"text":"sir20055113 - 2005 - Water budgets for selected watersheds in the Delaware River basin, eastern Pennsylvania and western New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T10:22:52","indexId":"sir20055113","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5113","title":"Water budgets for selected watersheds in the Delaware River basin, eastern Pennsylvania and western New Jersey","docAbstract":"This pilot study, done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Delaware River Basin Commission, developed annual water budgets using available data for five watersheds in the Delaware River Basin with different degrees of urbanization and different geological settings. A basin water budget and a water-use budget were developed for each watershed. The basin water budget describes inputs to the watershed (precipitation and imported water), outputs of water from the watershed (streamflow, exported water, leakage, consumed water, and evapotranspiration), and changes in ground-water and surface-water storage. The water-use budget describes water withdrawals in the watershed (ground-water and surface-water withdrawals), discharges of water in the watershed (discharge to surface water and ground water), and movement of water of water into and out of the watershed (imports, exports, and consumed water). The water-budget equations developed for this study can be applied to any watershed in the Delaware River Basin. Data used to develop the water budgets were obtained from available long-term meteorological and hydrological data-collection stations and from water-use data collected by regulatory agencies. In the Coastal Plain watersheds, net ground-water loss from unconfined to confined aquifers was determined by using ground-water-flow-model simulations. Error in the water-budget terms is caused by missing data, poor or incomplete measurements, overestimated or underestimated quantities, measurement or reporting errors, and the use of point measurements, such as precipitation and water levels, to estimate an areal quantity, particularly if the watershed is hydrologically or geologically complex or the data-collection station is outside the watershed. The complexity of the water budgets increases with increasing watershed urbanization and interbasin transfer of water. In the Wissahickon Creek watershed, for example, some ground water is discharged to streams in the watershed, some is exported as wastewater, and some is exported for public supply. In addition, ground water withdrawn outside the watershed is imported for public supply or imported as wastewater for treatment and discharge in the watershed. A GIS analysis was necessary to quantify many of the water-budget components. \r\n\r\nThe 89.9-square mile East Branch Brandywine Creek watershed in Pennsylvania is a rural watershed with reservoir storage that is underlain by fractured rock. Water budgets were developed for 1977-2001. Average annual precipitation, streamflow, and evapotranspiration were 46.89, 21.58, and 25.88 inches, respectively. Some water was imported (average of 0.68 inches) into the watershed for public-water supply and as wastewater for treatment and discharge; these imports resulted in a net gain of water to the watershed. More water was discharged to East Branch Brandywine Creek than was withdrawn from it; the net discharge resulted in an increase in streamflow. Most ground water was withdrawn (average of 0.25 inches) for public-water supply. Surface water was withdrawn (average of 0.58 inches) for public-water and industrial supply. Discharge of water by sewage-treatment plants and industries (average of 1.22 inches) and regulation by Marsh Creek Reservoir caused base flow to appear an average of 7.2 percent higher than it would have been without these additional sources. On average, 67 percent of the difference was caused by sewage-treatment-plant and industrial discharges, and 33 percent was caused by regulation of the Marsh Creek Reservoir. Water imports, withdrawals, and discharges have been increasing as the watershed becomes increasingly urbanized. \r\n\r\nThe 64-square mile Wissahickon Creek watershed in Pennsylvania is an urban watershed underlain by fractured rock. Water budgets were developed for 1987-98. Average annual precipitation, streamflow, and evapotranspiration were 47.23, 22.24, and 23.12 inches, respectively. The watershed is highly u","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055113","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., and Buxton, D.E., 2005, Water budgets for selected watersheds in the Delaware River basin, eastern Pennsylvania and western New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5113, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055113.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6821,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77,38.833333333333336 ], [ -77,42.833333333333336 ], [ -74,42.833333333333336 ], [ -74,38.833333333333336 ], [ -77,38.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478ee4b07f02db489ec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buxton, Debra E. dbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Debra","email":"dbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":71086,"text":"sir20055114 - 2005 - Development of property-transfer models for estimating the hydraulic properties of deep sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T20:02:35","indexId":"sir20055114","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5114","title":"Development of property-transfer models for estimating the hydraulic properties of deep sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"Because characterizing the unsaturated hydraulic properties of sediments over large areas or depths is costly and time consuming, development of models that predict these properties from more easily measured bulk-physical properties is desirable. At the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, the unsaturated zone is composed of thick basalt flow sequences interbedded with thinner sedimentary layers. Determining the unsaturated hydraulic properties of sedimentary layers is one step in understanding water flow and solute transport processes through this complex unsaturated system. Multiple linear regression was used to construct simple property-transfer models for estimating the water-retention curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity of deep sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. The regression models were developed from 109 core sample subsets with laboratory measurements of hydraulic and bulk-physical properties. The core samples were collected at depths of 9 to 175 meters at two facilities within the southwestern portion of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory-the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, and the Vadose Zone Research Park southwest of the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center. Four regression models were developed using bulk-physical property measurements (bulk density, particle density, and particle size) as the potential explanatory variables. Three representations of the particle-size distribution were compared: (1) textural-class percentages (gravel, sand, silt, and clay), (2) geometric statistics (mean and standard deviation), and (3) graphical statistics (median and uniformity coefficient). The four response variables, estimated from linear combinations of the bulk-physical properties, included saturated hydraulic conductivity and three parameters that define the water-retention curve.\r\n\r\nFor each core sample,values of each water-retention parameter were estimated from the appropriate regression equation and used to calculate an estimated water-retention curve. The degree to which the estimated curve approximated the measured curve was quantified using a goodness-of-fit indicator, the root-mean-square error. Comparison of the root-mean-square-error distributions for each alternative particle-size model showed that the estimated water-retention curves were insensitive to the way the particle-size distribution was represented. Bulk density, the median particle diameter, and the uniformity coefficient were chosen as input parameters for the final models. The property-transfer models developed in this study allow easy determination of hydraulic properties without need for their direct measurement. Additionally, the models provide the basis for development of theoretical models that rely on physical relationships between the pore-size distribution and the bulk-physical properties of the media. With this adaptation, the property-transfer models should have greater application throughout the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory and other geographic locations. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055114","usgsCitation":"Winfield, K.A., 2005, Development of property-transfer models for estimating the hydraulic properties of deep sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5114, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055114.","productDescription":"59 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6774,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.16629028320312,\n              43.402054267905655\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.87515258789062,\n              43.402054267905655\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.87515258789062,\n              43.68872888432795\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.16629028320312,\n              43.68872888432795\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.16629028320312,\n              43.402054267905655\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winfield, Kari A.","contributorId":63874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winfield","given":"Kari","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":71065,"text":"sir20055048 - 2005 - Well log analysis to assist the interpretation of 3-D seismic data at Milne Point, north slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"sir20055048","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5048","title":"Well log analysis to assist the interpretation of 3-D seismic data at Milne Point, north slope of Alaska","docAbstract":"In order to assess the resource potential of gas hydrate deposits in the North Slope of Alaska, 3-D seismic and well data at Milne Point were obtained from BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc. The well-log analysis has three primary purposes: (1) Estimate gas hydrate or gas saturations from the well logs; (2) predict P-wave velocity where there is no measured P-wave velocity in order to generate synthetic seismograms; and (3) edit P-wave velocities where degraded borehole conditions, such as washouts, affected the P-wave measurement significantly. Edited/predicted P-wave velocities were needed to map the gas-hydrate-bearing horizons in the complexly faulted upper part of 3-D seismic volume. The estimated gas-hydrate/gas saturations from the well logs were used to relate to seismic attributes in order to map regional distribution of gas hydrate inside the 3-D seismic grid.\r\n\r\nThe P-wave velocities were predicted using the modified Biot-Gassmann theory, herein referred to as BGTL, with gas-hydrate saturations estimated from the resistivity logs, porosity, and clay volume content. The effect of gas on velocities was modeled using the classical Biot-Gassman theory (BGT) with parameters estimated from BGTL.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055048","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2005, Well log analysis to assist the interpretation of 3-D seismic data at Milne Point, north slope of Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5048, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055048.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6759,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47d9e4b07f02db4b5c0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70258651,"text":"70258651 - 2005 - Outgassing models for Landsat-4 thematic mapper short wave infrared bands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-19T16:40:13.44745","indexId":"70258651","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-22T11:35:38","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Outgassing models for Landsat-4 thematic mapper short wave infrared bands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Detector responses to the Internal Calibrator (IC) pulses in the Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) have been observed to follow an oscillatory behavior. This phenomenon is present only in the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) bands and has been observed throughout the lifetime of the instrument, which was launched in July 1982 and imaged the Earth's surface until late 1993. These periodic changes in amplitude, which can be as large as 7.5 percent, are known as outgassing effects and are believed to be due to optical interference caused by a gradual buildup of an ice-like material on the window of the cryogenically cooled dewar containing the SWIR detectors. Similar outgassing effects in the Landsat-5 TM have been characterized using an optical thin-film model that relates detector behavior to the ice film growth rate, which was found to gradually decrease with time. A similar approach, which takes into consideration the different operational history of the instrument, has been applied in this study to three closely sampled data sets acquired throughout the lifetime of the Landsat-4 TM. Although Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 Thematic Mappers are essentially identical instruments, data generated from analyses of outgassing effects indicate subtle, but important, differences between the two. The estimated lifetime model could improve radiometric accuracy by as much as five percent.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"Optics and Photonics 2005: Earth Observing Systems X","conferenceDate":"July 31-August 4, 2005","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.620160","usgsCitation":"Micijevic, E., and Helder, D., 2005, Outgassing models for Landsat-4 thematic mapper short wave infrared bands, Optics and Photonics 2005: Earth Observing Systems X, v. 5882, San Diego, CA, July 31-August 4, 2005, 588208, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/12.620160.","productDescription":"588208, 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5882","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Micijevic, Esad 0000-0002-3828-9239 emicijevic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":3075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"Esad","email":"emicijevic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helder, Dennis 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":213606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70258392,"text":"70258392 - 2005 - Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 thematic mapper band 6 historical performance and calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-16T16:13:35.633671","indexId":"70258392","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-22T11:04:28","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 thematic mapper band 6 historical performance and calibration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Launched in 1982 and 1984 respectively, the Landsat-4 and -5 Thematic Mappers (TM) are the backbone of an extensive archive of moderate resolution Earth imagery. However, these sensors and their data products were not subjected to the type of intensive monitoring that has been part of the Landsat-7 system since its launch in 1999. With Landsat-4's 11 year and Landsat-5's 20+ year data record, there is a need to understand the historical behavior of the instruments in order to verify the scientific integrity of the archive and processed products. Performance indicators of the Landsat-4 and -5 thermal bands have recently been extracted from a processing system database allowing for a more complete study of thermal band characteristics and calibration than was previously possible. The database records responses to the internal calibration system, instrument temperatures and applied gains and offsets for each band for every scene processed through the National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS). Analysis of this database has allowed for greater understanding of the calibration and improvement in the processing system. This paper will cover the trends in the Landsat-4 and -5 thermal bands, the effect of the changes seen in the trends, and how these trends affect the use of the thermal data.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"Optic and Photonics 2005","conferenceDate":"July 31-Augest 2, 2005","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.619992","usgsCitation":"Barsi, J.A., Chander, G., Markham, B.L., and Higgs, N., 2005, Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 thematic mapper band 6 historical performance and calibration, Optic and Photonics 2005, v. 5882, San Diego, CA, July 31-Augest 2, 2005, 588206, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.619992.","productDescription":"588206","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5882","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barsi, Julia A.","contributorId":71822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barsi","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12721,"text":"NASA GSFC SSAI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":913179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markham, Brian L. 0000-0002-9612-8169","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-8169","contributorId":121488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Higgs, Nicholas","contributorId":344206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgs","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":71057,"text":"wri034125 - 2005 - Borehole-geophysical and hydraulic investigation of the fractured-rock aquifer near the University of Connecticut Landfill, Storrs, Connecticut, 2000 to 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T07:20:04","indexId":"wri034125","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4125","displayTitle":"Borehole-Geophysical and Hydraulic Investigation of the Fractured-Rock Aquifer near the University of Connecticut Landfill, Storrs, Connecticut, 2000 to 2001","title":"Borehole-geophysical and hydraulic investigation of the fractured-rock aquifer near the University of Connecticut Landfill, Storrs, Connecticut, 2000 to 2001","docAbstract":"<p>An integrated borehole-geophysical and hydraulic investigation was conducted at the former landfill area near the University of Connecticut in Storrs, Connecticut, where solvents and landfill leachate have contaminated a fractured-bedrock aquifer. Borehole-geophysical techniques and hydraulic methods were used to characterize the site bedrock lithology and structure, fractures, and hydraulic properties. The geophysical and hydraulic methods included conventional logs, borehole imaging, borehole radar, flowmeter under ambient- and stressed hydraulic conditions, and discrete-zone hydraulic testing, sampling, and monitoring. </p><p>The conventional geophysical-logging methods included caliper, deviation, electromagnetic induction, gamma, specific conductance, and fluid temperature. The advanced methods included optical and acoustic imaging of the borehole wall, heat-pulse flowmeter, and directional radar reflection. </p><p>Borehole-geophysical methods were used to further define conductive features identified with surface-geophysical methods in the first phase of the investigation. The results of the surface- and borehole-geophysical logging were evaluated in an iterative and integrated manner to develop a conceptual model of ground-water flow at the site. </p><p>The rock type, foliation, and fractures at the site were characterized from high-resolution optical televiewer (OTV) images of rocks penetrated by the boreholes and were compared to drilling logs and conventional geophysical logs. The rocks are interpreted as fine- to mediumgrained quartz-feldspar-biotite-garnet gneiss and schist with local intrusions of quartz diorite and pegmatite and minor concentrations of sulfide mineralization similar to rocks described as the Bigelow Brook Formation on regional geologic maps. Layers containing high concentrations of sulfide minerals appear as high electrical conductivity zones on electromagnetic-induction and borehole-radar logs. Foliation in the rocks generally strikes to the southwest and northeast, and dips to the northwest and southeast consistent with previous investigations in this area. The orientation of foliation, however, varies locally and with depth in some of the boreholes. These results are consistent with geologic mapping that has identified small-scale folding. </p><p>The orientations of the transmissive fractures identified in the six boreholes logged for this investigation are similar to the fracture orientations mapped in a previous investigation. Many of these fractures are oriented with a north-northwest strike and have a shallow dip to the west. Other transmissive fractures have a southwest strike and dip at shallow angles to the northwest, and some strike roughly east-west and dip to the north and south. </p><p>Flowmeter logging was used to identify transmissive fractures and to estimate the hydraulic properties in the boreholes. Ambient down flow was measured in one borehole, and ambient up flow and down flow were measured in another borehole. The other four bedrock boreholes did not have measurable vertical flow. Under low-rate pumping conditions (0.25 to 0.5 gallons per minute), one to three inflow zones were identified in each well. Commonly, fractures that are active under ambient conditions contribute to the well under pumping conditions. The ambient conditions were incorporated into the determination of the relative proportions of transmissivity. </p><p>Specific capacity and transmissivity were determined for these open-hole low-rate pumping tests. Quasi-steady-state water levels were reached in four of the boreholes, including MW201R, MW204R, MW302R, and W202-NE. When pumped at low-rate conditions for 0.5 to 4 hours, the specific capacity ranged from 0.03 to 0.18 gallons per minute per foot. The open-hole transmissivity estimates ranged from 4.9 to 30 feet squared per day (ft2/d). </p><p>Open-hole transmissivity was determined for boreholes that did not reach quasi-steady-state conditions under low-rate pumping conditions. Transmissivity was estimated for MW201R, MW202R, and MW203R using non-equilibrium methods, pumping rate, and the transient drawdown data to estimate the open-hole transmissivity. Transmissivity in these boreholes ranged from 0.98 to 3.2 ft<sup>2</sup>/d. </p><p>The transmissivity and head of individual fractures or zones of fractures were estimated from heat-pulse flowmeter data acquired under ambient and stressed conditions. In the absence of ambient flow, data from two profiles of heat-pulse flowmeter data under two different stressed conditions were used to estimate the transmissivity and head of individual fracture zones. Only two boreholes, MW302R and W202-NE, had sufficient data for these analyses. The estimated transmissivity of individual transmissive zones ranged from 1.2 to 9.2 ft<sup>2</sup>/d. The transmissivity values determined by this numerical simulation method were less than the open-hole estimations, which were 15 and 30 ft<sup>2</sup>/d. </p><p>Transmissivity also was measured directly over discrete intervals of the borehole using a straddle-packer apparatus and constant-rate pumping tests. Pumping rates were less than or equal to 0.25 gallons per minute. These discretezone single-hole pumping tests were conducted over a short period of time, usually about 30 minutes to 1 hour in duration. Pumping continued until the test zone reached a steady-state water level or until it was determined that the zone could not yield water at the pumped rate. The estimated transmissivity of individual transmissive zones ranged from about 0.21 to 11 ft<sup>2</sup>/d. The zone at a depth of 197 feet in W202-NE was the only zone that had discrete-interval testing with a straddle packer and sufficient heat-pulse flowmeter data for modeling the flow and estimating transmissivity and head. The two methods produced similar results. The straddle-packer method estimated a transmissivity of 4.7 ft<sup>2</sup>/d, and the heat-pulse flowmeter modeling results estimated a transmissivity of 6.9 ft<sup>2</sup>/d. </p><p>A comparison of the transmissivity estimates indicate estimates typically are within an order of magnitude. The heat-pulse flowmeter methods used in this investigation to determine transmissivity of the boreholes and the individual fractures measure only the upper two or three orders of magnitude of transmissivity. Hence, other fractures in these boreholes permit the movement of water; their transmissivities, however, are lower than the detection limits of the methods that were used for this investigation and very small compared to the transmissive fractures that were studied. </p><p>The data collected in this investigation were used to design discrete-zone monitoring systems for four of the boreholes used for monitoring. The results of the investigation are useful for refining the conceptual site model of ground-water flow, and for providing critical information for interpreting the results of water-quality sampling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034125","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.D., Joesten, P.K., and Mondazzi, R.A., 2005, Borehole-geophysical and hydraulic investigation of the fractured-rock aquifer near the University of Connecticut Landfill, Storrs, Connecticut, 2000 to 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4125, vi, 133 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034125.","productDescription":"vi, 133 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":101514,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4125/report.pdf","size":"24559","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4125/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","city":"Storrs","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.27075934410095,\n              41.807708943063126\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.26415038108826,\n              41.807708943063126\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.26415038108826,\n              41.811227582554736\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.27075934410095,\n              41.811227582554736\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.27075934410095,\n              41.807708943063126\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6029c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mondazzi, Remo A.","contributorId":77898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mondazzi","given":"Remo","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70239129,"text":"70239129 - 2005 - Identifying the appropriate porphyry-copper deposit grade and tonnage model for a large-scale mineral resource assessment in southeast Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-28T16:28:07.634178","indexId":"70239129","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-21T10:07:17","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identifying the appropriate porphyry-copper deposit grade and tonnage model for a large-scale mineral resource assessment in southeast Asia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"GIS and spatial analysis: 2005 annual conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, IAMG 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2005 Annual Conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (IAMG)","conferenceDate":"August 21-26, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Toronto, Ontario, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Mathematical Geology","usgsCitation":"Drew, L.J., and Singer, D.A., 2005, Identifying the appropriate porphyry-copper deposit grade and tonnage model for a large-scale mineral resource assessment in southeast Asia, <i>in</i> GIS and spatial analysis: 2005 annual conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, IAMG 2005, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, August 21-26, 2005, p. 1034-1039.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1034","endPage":"1039","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411124,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://iamg.org/publications/"}],"country":"Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, 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,{"id":71051,"text":"ofr20051218 - 2005 - Compilation of data relating to the erosive response of 608 recently-burned basins in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T21:13:08.957772","indexId":"ofr20051218","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1218","title":"Compilation of data relating to the erosive response of 608 recently-burned basins in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p class=\"textindent\">This report presents a compilation of data on the erosive response, debris-flow initiation processes, basin morphology, burn severity, event-triggering rainfall, rock type, and soils for 608 basins recently burned by 53 fires located throughout the Western United States.&nbsp; The data presented here are a combination of those collected during our own field research and those reported in the literature.&nbsp; In some cases, data from a Geographic Information System (GIS) and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) were used to supplement the data from the primary source.&nbsp; Due to gaps in the information available, not all parameters are characterized for all basins.&nbsp;</p><p class=\"textindent\">This database provides a resource for researchers and land managers interested in examining relations between the runoff response of recently burned basins and their morphology, burn severity, soils and rock type, and triggering rainfall.&nbsp; The purpose of this compilation is to provide a single resource for future studies addressing problems associated with wildfire-related erosion.&nbsp; For example, data in this compilation have been used to develop a model for debris flow probability from recently burned basins using logistic multiple regression analysis (Cannon and others, 2004).&nbsp; This database provides a convenient starting point for other studies.&nbsp; For additional information on estimated post-fire runoff peak discharges and debris-flow volumes, see Gartner and others (2004).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051218","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.E., Cannon, S.H., Bigio, E.R., Davis, N.K., Parrett, C., Pierce, K.L., Rupert, M.G., Thurston, B.L., Trebesch, M., Garcia, S.P., and Rea, A.H., 2005, Compilation of data relating to the erosive response of 608 recently-burned basins in the western United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1218, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051218.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6725,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":71042,"text":"sir20055139 - 2005 - Simulated effects of water-level changes in the Mississippi River and Pokegama Reservoir on ground-water levels, Grand Rapids area, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T09:23:00","indexId":"sir20055139","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5139","title":"Simulated effects of water-level changes in the Mississippi River and Pokegama Reservoir on ground-water levels, Grand Rapids area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, used an existing, three-dimensional, numerical ground-water flow model (referred to as the calibrated model) to assess the effects of water-level changes in the Mississippi River and Pokegama Reservoir on ground-water levels in adjacent glaciofluvial aquifers in the Grand Rapids area of north-central Minnesota. Pokegama Reservoir consists of Pokegama Lake, Little Jay Gould Lake, Jay Gould Lake, Cut-off Lake, and Blackwater Lake. Water levels in the Pokegama Reservoir are regulated at Pokegama Dam on the Mississippi River west of Grand Rapids. A steady-state model was used, and simulations represent &ldquo;worse-case&rdquo; scenarios for the effects of lowering or raising the river and lake water levels. The simulated ground-water levels represent levels that would result if the river and lake stages permanently declined or rose by the specified amounts. Eight hypothetical scenarios were simulated by varying water levels in the Mississippi River and Pokegama Reservoir from values used in the calibrated model. In the simulations, water levels for the Mississippi River, riverine wetlands of the Mississippi River, and lakes of the Pokegama Reservoir were raised and lowered uniformly by 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, and 3.00 feet from calibrated water levels.</p>\n<p>The extent of aquifer water-level changes resulting from these river, wetland, and lake water-level changes varied because of the complex hydrogeology of the study area. A 1.00-foot decline in reservoir/river water levels caused a maximum simulated ground-water-level decline in the middle aquifer near Jay Gould and Little Jay Gould Lakes of 1.09 feet and a maximum simulated ground-water-level decline of 1.00 foot in the lower aquifer near Cut-off and Blackwater Lakes. The amount and extent of ground-water-level changes in the middle and lower aquifers can be explained by the thickness, extent, and connectivity of the aquifers. Surface-water/ground-water interactions near wetlands and lakes with water levels unchanged from the calibrated model resulted in small water-table altitude differences among the simulations. Results of the ground-water modeling indicate that lowering of the reservoir and river water levels by 1.00 foot likely will not substantially affect water levels in the middle and lower aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.M., 2005, Simulated effects of water-level changes in the Mississippi River and Pokegama Reservoir on ground-water levels, Grand Rapids area, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5139, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055139.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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pmjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-5144","contributorId":2231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Perry","email":"pmjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":71039,"text":"sir20055134 - 2005 - Hydrogeology, water quality, and saltwater intrusion in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the offshore area near Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, and Tybee Island, Georgia, 1999-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T09:20:12","indexId":"sir20055134","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5134","title":"Hydrogeology, water quality, and saltwater intrusion in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the offshore area near Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, and Tybee Island, Georgia, 1999-2002","docAbstract":"To assess the hydrogeology, water quality, and the potential for saltwater intrusion in the offshore Upper Floridan aquifer, a scientific investigation was conducted near Tybee Island, Georgia, and Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. Four temporary wells were drilled at 7, 8, 10, and 15 miles to the northeast of Tybee Island, and one temporary well was drilled in Calibogue Sound west of Hilton Head Island.\r\n\r\nThe Upper Floridan aquifer at the offshore and Calibogue sites includes the unconsolidated calcareous quartz sand, calcareous quartz sandstone, and sandy limestone of the Oligocene Lazaretto Creek and Tiger Leap Formations, and the limestone of the late Eocene Ocala Limestone and middle Avon Park Formation. At the 7-, 10-, and 15-mile sites, the upper confining unit between the Upper Floridan and surficial aquifers correlates to the Miocene Marks Head Formation. Paleochannel incisions have completely removed the upper confining unit at the Calibogue site and all but a 0.8-foot-thick interval of the confining unit at the 8-mile site, raising concern about the potential for saltwater intrusion through the paleochannel-fill sediments at these two sites. The paleochannel incisions at the Calibogue and 8-mile sites are filled with fine- and coarse-grained sediments, respectively.\r\n\r\nThe hydrogeologic setting and the vertical hydraulic gradients at the 7- and 10-mile sites favored the absence of saltwater intrusion during predevelopment. After decades of onshore water use in Georgia and South Carolina, the 0-foot contour in the regional cone of depression of the Upper Floridan aquifer is estimated to have been at the general location of the 7- and 10-mile sites by the mid-1950s and at or past the 15-mile site by the 1980s. The upward vertical hydraulic gradient reversed, but the presence of more than 17 feet of upper confining unit impeded the downward movement of saltwater from the surficial aquifer to the Upper Floridan aquifer at the 7- and 10-mile sites.\r\n\r\nAt the 10-mile site, the chloride concentration in the Upper Floridan borehole-water sample and the pore-water samples from the Oligocene and Eocene strata support the conclusion of no noticeable modern saltwater intrusion in the Upper Floridan aquifer. The chloride concentration of 370 milligrams per liter in the borehole-water sample at the 7-mile site from the Upper Floridan aquifer at 78 to 135 feet below North American Vertical Datum of 1988 is considerably higher than the chloride concentration of 25 milligrams per liter measured at the 10-mile site. The higher concentration probably is the result of downward leakage of saltwater through the confining unit at the 7-mile site or could reflect downward leakage of saltwater through an even thinner layer of the upper confining unit beneath the paleochannel to the northeast and lateral movement (encroachment) from the paleochannel to the 7-mile site. Carbon-14 concentrations at both sites, however, are low and indicate that most of the water is relict fresh ground water.\r\n\r\nThe hydrogeology at the 15-mile site includes 17 feet of the upper confining unit. The chloride concentration in the Upper Floridan aquifer is 6,800 milligrams per liter. The setting for the Upper Floridan aquifer beneath the 15-mile site is interpreted as a transitional mixing zone between relict freshwater and relict saltwater.\r\n\r\nAt the Calibogue site, 35 feet of fine-grained paleochannel-fill sediments overlies the Oligocene strata of the Upper Floridan aquifer. The vertical hydraulic conductivity of the paleochannel fill at this site is similar to the upper confining unit and effectively replaces the missing upper confining unit. Chloride concentrations and low carbon-14 and tritium concentrations in borehole water from the Upper Floridan aquifer, and low chloride concentrations in pore water from the upper confining unit indicate relict freshwater confined in the Upper Floridan aquifer at the Calibogue site.\r\n\r\nThe coarse-grained paleochannel-f","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055134","usgsCitation":"Falls, W.F., Ransom, C., Landmeyer, J., Reuber, E.J., and Edwards, L.E., 2005, Hydrogeology, water quality, and saltwater intrusion in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the offshore area near Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, and Tybee Island, Georgia, 1999-2002 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5134, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055134.","productDescription":"57 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6686,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Hilton Head Island, Tybee Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.17523193359375,\n              31.945170627818577\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.17523193359375,\n              32.72721987021932\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.145263671875,\n              32.72721987021932\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.145263671875,\n              31.945170627818577\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.17523193359375,\n              31.945170627818577\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6148c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":107754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ransom, Camille","contributorId":65560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Camille","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reuber, Eric J.","contributorId":37732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuber","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":71038,"text":"sir20045287 - 2005 - Rainfall-Runoff and Water-Balance Models for Management of the Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20045287","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5287","title":"Rainfall-Runoff and Water-Balance Models for Management of the Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and a generalized water-balance model were calibrated and verified for use in estimating future availability of water in the Fena Valley Reservoir in response to various combinations of water withdrawal rates and rainfall conditions. Application of PRMS provides a physically based method for estimating runoff from the Fena Valley Watershed during the annual dry season, which extends from January through May. Runoff estimates from the PRMS are used as input to the water-balance model to estimate change in water levels and storage in the reservoir.\r\n\r\nA previously published model was calibrated for the Maulap and Imong River watersheds using rainfall data collected outside of the watershed. That model was applied to the Almagosa River watershed by transferring calibrated parameters and coefficients because information on daily diversions at the Almagosa Springs upstream of the gaging station was not available at the time. Runoff from the ungaged land area was not modeled. For this study, the availability of Almagosa Springs diversion data allowed the calibration of PRMS for the Almagosa River watershed. Rainfall data collected at the Almagosa rain gage since 1992 also provided better estimates of rainfall distribution in the watershed. In addition, the discontinuation of pan-evaporation data collection in 1998 required a change in the evapotranspiration estimation method used in the PRMS model. These reasons prompted the update of the PRMS for the Fena Valley Watershed.\r\n\r\nSimulated runoff volume from the PRMS compared reasonably with measured values for gaging stations on Maulap, Almagosa, and Imong Rivers, tributaries to the Fena Valley Reservoir. On the basis of monthly runoff simulation for the dry seasons included in the entire simulation period (1992-2001), the total volume of runoff can be predicted within -3.66 percent at Maulap River, within 5.37 percent at Almagosa River, and within 10.74 percent at Imong River. Month-end reservoir volumes simulated by the reservoir water-balance model for both calibration and verification periods compared closely with measured reservoir volumes. Errors for the calibration periods ranged from 4.51 percent [208.7 acre-feet (acre-ft) or 68.0 million gallons (Mgal)] to -5.90 percent (-317.8 acre-ft or -103.6 Mgal). For the verification periods, errors ranged from 1.69 percent (103.5 acre-ft or 33.7 Mgal) to -4.60 percent (-178.7 acre-ft or -58.2 Mgal). Monthly simulation bias ranged from -0.19 percent for the calibration period to -0.98 percent for the verification period; relative error ranged from -0.37 to -1.12 percent, respectively. Relatively small bias indicated that the model did not consistently overestimate or underestimate reservoir volume.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20045287","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Navy","usgsCitation":"Yeung, C.W., 2005, Rainfall-Runoff and Water-Balance Models for Management of the Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5287, viii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045287.","productDescription":"viii, 53 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6687,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5287/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649609","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeung, Chiu W. cwyeung@usgs.gov","contributorId":2967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeung","given":"Chiu","email":"cwyeung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":71027,"text":"fs20053061 - 2005 - Building a community sediment transport model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:05","indexId":"fs20053061","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3061","title":"Building a community sediment transport model","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053061","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., Signell, R.P., and Warner, J., 2005, Building a community sediment transport model (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3061, 1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill. ; 28 x 18 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053061.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill. ; 28 x 18 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3061.bmp"},{"id":6681,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa6f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70995,"text":"sir20055124 - 2005 - Hydrogeology, water quality, and water-supply potential of the Lower Floridan Aquifer, coastal Georgia, 1999-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T09:17:52","indexId":"sir20055124","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5124","title":"Hydrogeology, water quality, and water-supply potential of the Lower Floridan Aquifer, coastal Georgia, 1999-2002","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology and water quality of the upper permeable and Fernandina permeable zones of the Lower Floridan aquifer were studied at seven sites in the 24-county study area encompassed by the Georgia Coastal Sound Science Initiative. Although substantially less than the Upper Floridan aquifer in coastal Georgia, transmissivities for the Lower Floridan aquifer are in the same range as other water-supply aquifers in Georgia and South Carolina and could meet the needs of public drinking-water supply. Water of the upper permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer exceeds the Federal secondary drinking-water standards for sulfate and total dissolved solids at most coastal Georgia sites and the Federal secondary drinking-water standard for chloride at the Shellman Bluff site.\r\n\r\nThe top of the Lower Floridan aquifer correlates within 50 feet of the previously reported top, except at the St Simons Island site where the top is more than 80 feet higher. Based on the hydrogeologic characteristics, the seven sites are divided into the northern sites at Shellman Bluff, Richmond Hill, Pembroke, and Pineora; and southern sites at St Marys, Brunswick, and St Simons Island. At the northern sites, the Lower Floridan aquifer does not include the Fernandina permeable zone, is thinner than the overlying Upper Floridan aquifer, and consists of only strata of the middle Eocene Avon Park Formation. Transmissivities in the Lower Floridan aquifer are 8,300 feet squared per day at Richmond Hill and 6,000 feet squared per day at Shellman Bluff, generally one tenth the transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer at these sites. At the southern sites, the upper permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer is thicker than the Upper Floridan aquifer and consists of porous limestone and dolomite interbedded with nonporous strata of the middle Eocene Avon Park and early Eocene Oldsmar Formations. Transmissivities for the upper permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer are 500 feet squared per day at the St Simons Island site and 13,000 feet squared per day at the St Marys site. The Lower Floridan aquifer at the Brunswick and St Marys sites includes the Fernandina permeable zone, which consists of saltwater-bearing dolomite.\r\n\r\nHydrographs of Coastal Sound Science Initiative wells and other nearby wells open to the Upper Floridan aquifer, and the upper permeable and Fernandina permeable zones of the Lower Floridan aquifer have similar trends. Water levels in wells open to the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers are below land surface at the northern sites and the St Simons Island site, and above land surface at the Brunswick and St Marys sites, as of January 1, 2004.\r\n\r\nFreshwater is present in the Lower Floridan aquifer at Pineora, Pembroke, and St Marys, and from 1,259 to 1,648 feet below land surface at Brunswick. Slightly saline water is present in the Lower Floridan aquifer at Richmond Hill, Shellman Bluff, St Simons Island, and from 1,679 to 1,970 feet below land surface in well 34H495 at Brunswick. The upper permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer contains bicarbonate water at the Pembroke site, sulfate-bicarbonate water at the Brunswick site, and sulfate water at the St Simons Island, Shellman Bluff, St Marys, and Richmond Hill sites. The bicarbonate, sulfate-bicarbonate, and sulfate waters are saturated relative to calcite and dolomite, and undersaturated with gypsum and anhydrite.\r\n\r\nThe Fernandina permeable zone in well 34H495 includes moderately saline water, very saline water, and brine. The Fernandina permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer beneath downtown Brunswick contains chloride water that is slightly undersaturated to saturated with gypsum and anhydrite. Concentrations of total dissolved solids, sulfate, and chloride exceeded the Federal secondary drinking-water standards. The chloride-contaminated plumes beneath downtown Brunswick would require at least a 12- to 20-percent contribution of very saline water from the Fernandi","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055124","usgsCitation":"Falls, W.F., Harrelson, L.G., Conlon, K.J., and Petkewich, M.D., 2005, Hydrogeology, water quality, and water-supply potential of the Lower Floridan Aquifer, coastal Georgia, 1999-2002 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5124, 98 p.; 1 plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055124.","productDescription":"98 p.; 1 plate","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6645,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Lower Floridan Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.056640625,\n              29.67850809103362\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.056640625,\n              33.678639851675555\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.101318359375,\n              33.678639851675555\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.101318359375,\n              29.67850809103362\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.056640625,\n              29.67850809103362\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6147ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":107754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrelson, Larry G.","contributorId":70059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrelson","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conlon, Kevin J. 0000-0003-0798-368X kjconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-368X","contributorId":2561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Kevin","email":"kjconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70990,"text":"sir20055072 - 2005 - Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Palisades, Lower Comanche, and Arroyo Grande areas of the Colorado River Corridor, Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:48:38","indexId":"sir20055072","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5072","title":"Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Palisades, Lower Comanche, and Arroyo Grande areas of the Colorado River Corridor, Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"This report analyzes various depositional environments in three archaeologically significant areas of the Colorado River corridor in Grand Canyon. \r\n\r\nArchaeological features are built on and buried by fluvial, aeolian, and locally derived sediment, representing a complex interaction between geologic and cultural history. These analyses provide a basis for determining the potential influence of Glen Canyon Dam operations on selected archaeological sites and thus for guiding dam operations in order to facilitate preservation of cultural resources. \r\n\r\nThis report presents initial results of a joint effort between geologists and archaeologists to evaluate the significance of various depositional processes and environments in the prehistoric formation and modern preservation of archaeological sites along the Colorado River corridor in Grand Canyon National Park. Stratigraphic investigations of the Palisades, Lower Comanche, and Arroyo Grande areas of Grand Canyon yield detailed information regarding the sedimentary history at these locations. Reconstruction of past depositional settings is critical to a thorough understanding of the geomorphic and stratigraphic evolution of these three archaeologically significant areas. This examination of past sedimentary environments allows the relative significance of fluvial, aeolian, debris-fan, and slope-wash sedimentary deposits to be identified at each site. In general the proportion of fluvial sediment (number and thickness of flood deposits) is shown to decrease away from the river, and locally derived sediment becomes more significant. Flood sequences often occur as 'couplets' that contain a fluvial deposit overlain by an interflood unit that reflects reworking of fluvial sediment at the land surface by wind and local runoff. Archaeological features are built on and buried by sediment of various depositional environments, implying a complex interaction between geologic and cultural history. Such field analysis, which combines geological and archaeological information and techniques, can provide a basis for future determination of the effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations on selected areas of the river corridor. This knowledge is essential to the development of preservation strategies for cultural resources in Grand Canyon.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055072","usgsCitation":"Draut, A.E., Rubin, D.M., Dierker, J.L., Fairley, H., Griffiths, R.E., Hazel, J., Hunter, R., Kohl, K., Leap, L.M., Nials, F.L., Topping, D.J., and Yeatts, M., 2005, Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Palisades, Lower Comanche, and Arroyo Grande areas of the Colorado River Corridor, Grand Canyon, Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5072, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055072.","productDescription":"74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6644,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5072/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee4c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dierker, Jennifer L.","contributorId":17478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dierker","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fairley, Helen C.","contributorId":10506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairley","given":"Helen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Griffiths, Ronald E.","contributorId":76426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":91819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hunter, Ralph E.","contributorId":53759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Ralph E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kohl, Keith 0000-0001-6812-0373 kkohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-0373","contributorId":1323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"Keith","email":"kkohl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Leap, Lisa M.","contributorId":12321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leap","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nials, Fred L.","contributorId":50045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nials","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Yeatts, Michael","contributorId":85041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeatts","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70987,"text":"sir20055159 - 2005 - Hydrogeologic framework and water quality of the Vermont Army National Guard Ethan Allen Firing Range, northern Vermont, October 2002 through December 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"sir20055159","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5159","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and water quality of the Vermont Army National Guard Ethan Allen Firing Range, northern Vermont, October 2002 through December 2003","docAbstract":"The Ethan Allen Firing Range of the Vermont Army National Guard is a weapons-testing and training facility in a mountainous region of Vermont that has been in operation for about 80 years. The hydrologic framework and water quality of the facility were assessed between October 2002 and December 2003. As part of the study, streamflow was continuously measured in the Lee River and 24 observation wells were installed at 19 locations in the stratified drift and bedrock aquifers to examine the hydrogeology. Chemical analyses of surface water, ground water, streambed sediment, and fish tissue were collected to assess major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and volatile and semivolatile compounds. Sampling included 5 surface-water sites sampled during moderate and low-flow conditions; streambed-sediment samples collected at the 5 surface-water sites; fish-tissue samples collected at 3 of the 5 surface-water sites; macroinvertebrates collected at 4 of the 5 surface-water sites; and ground-water samples collected from 10 observation wells, and samples collected at all surface- and ground-water sites. \r\n\r\nThe hydrogeologic framework at the Ethan Allen Firing Range is dominated by the upland mountain and valley setting of the site. Bedrock wells yield low to moderate amounts of water \r\n(0 to 23 liters per minute). In the narrow river valleys, layered stratified-drift deposits of sand and gravel of up to 18 meters thick fill the Lee River and Mill Brook Valleys. In these deposits, the water table is generally within 3 meters below the land surface and overall ground-water flow is from east to west.\r\n\r\nStreamflow in the Lee River averaged 0.72 cubic meters per second (25.4 cubic feet per second) between December 2002 and December 2003. Streams are highly responsive to precipitation events in this mountainous environment and a comparison with other nearby watersheds shows that Lee River maintains relatively high streamflow during dry periods. \r\n\r\nConcentrations of trace elements and nutrients in surface-water samples are well below freshwater-quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Brook-trout samples collected in 1992 and 2003 show trace-metal concentrations have decreased over the past 11 years. concentrations in water samples are well below levels that restrict swimming at all five stream sites at moderate and low-flow conditions and in all observation wells. Comparisons among surface-water, streambed-sediment, and biological samples collected in 2003 to earlier studies at the Ethan Allen Firing Range indicate water-quality conditions are similar or have improved over the past 15 years. \r\n\r\nGround water in the stratified-drift aquifers at the facility is well buffered with relatively high alkalinities and pH greater than 6. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, uranium, and zinc were below detection levels in ground-water samples. Barium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and strontium were the only trace elements detected in ground-water samples. Cobalt and iron were detected at low levels in two wells near Mill Brook, and copper was detected at the detection limit in one of these wells. These same two wells had concentrations of barium and manganese 2 to 10 times greater than other ground-water samples. Concentrations of nutrients are at or below detection levels in most ground-water samples. Volatile organic compounds and semivolatile organic compounds were not detected in any water samples from the Ethan Allen Firing Range.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055159","usgsCitation":"Clark, S.F., Chalmers, A., Mack, T.J., and Denner, J., 2005, Hydrogeologic framework and water quality of the Vermont Army National Guard Ethan Allen Firing Range, northern Vermont, October 2002 through December 2003 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5159, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055159.","productDescription":"58 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6641,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6287e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Stewart F. 0000-0001-8841-2728 sclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8841-2728","contributorId":3658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Stewart","email":"sclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalmers, Ann","contributorId":23604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918 tjmack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":1677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas","email":"tjmack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denner, Jon C.","contributorId":58591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denner","given":"Jon C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156397,"text":"70156397 - 2005 - Land cover mapping of Greater Mesoamerica using MODIS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-20T15:06:53","indexId":"70156397","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land cover mapping of Greater Mesoamerica using MODIS data","docAbstract":"<p><span>A new land cover database of Greater Mesoamerica has been prepared using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS, 500 m resolution) satellite data. Daily surface reflectance MODIS data and a suite of ancillary data were used in preparing the database by employing a decision tree classification approach. The new land cover data are an improvement over traditional advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) based land cover data in terms of both spatial and thematic details. The dominant land cover type in Greater Mesoamerica is forest (39%), followed by shrubland (30%) and cropland (22%). Country analysis shows forest as the dominant land cover type in Belize (62%), Cost Rica (52%), Guatemala (53%), Honduras (56%), Nicaragua (53%), and Panama (48%), cropland as the dominant land cover type in El Salvador (60.5%), and shrubland as the dominant land cover type in Mexico (37%). A three-step approach was used to assess the quality of the classified land cover data: (</span><i>i</i><span>) qualitative assessment provided good insight in identifying and correcting gross errors; (</span><i>ii</i><span>) correlation analysis of MODIS- and Landsat-derived land cover data revealed strong positive association for forest (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&ensp;=&ensp;0.88), shrubland (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&ensp;=&ensp;0.75), and cropland (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&ensp;=&ensp;0.97) but weak positive association for grassland (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&ensp;=&ensp;0.26); and (</span><i>iii</i><span>) an error matrix generated using unseen training data provided an overall accuracy of 77.3% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.73608. Overall, MODIS 500 m data and the methodology used were found to be quite useful for broad-scale land cover mapping of Greater Mesoamerica.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","doi":"10.5589/m05-014","usgsCitation":"Giri, C., and Jenkins, C.N., 2005, Land cover mapping of Greater Mesoamerica using MODIS data: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 31, no. 4, p. 274-282, https://doi.org/10.5589/m05-014.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"282","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa34e4b0518e3546bc4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giri, Chandra cgiri@usgs.gov","contributorId":2403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"cgiri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, Clinton N.","contributorId":101437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70238385,"text":"70238385 - 2005 - Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large-body impacts the cause?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-19T00:06:35.513541","indexId":"70238385","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-30T17:57:24","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large-body impacts the cause?","docAbstract":"<p><span>One aspect of the hotspot distribution that has received little attention is its antipodal character. Of 45 ‘primary’ hotspots found in most hotspot compilations 22 (49%) form antipodal pairs within observed hotspot drift limits (≤&nbsp;20 mm/yr). In addition, the available ages, or possible age ranges, for both hotspots of an antipodal pair tend to be similar (≤&nbsp;10 Myr difference) or overlap. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the antipodal primary hotspots' locations and ages are not due to chance at the &gt;&nbsp;99% confidence level (</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.01). All hotspot pairs include at least one oceanic hotspot, and these are consistently opposite those hotspots related to large igneous provinces (LIPs) and continental volcanism. A mechanism of formation is considered in which minor hotspot volcanism is induced at, and flood basalt volcanism is triggered by seismic energy focused antipodal to, oceanic large-body impact sites. Because continental impacts are expected to have lower seismic efficiencies, continents possibly acted as shields to the formation of antipodal hotspot pairs. Published numerical models indicate that large oceanic impacts (10-km-diameter bolide) generate megatsunami capable of altering coastal depositional environments on a global scale. Past impact-generated megatsunami, consequently, could have left widespread stratigraphic records, possibly misinterpreted as indicating large rapid changes in eustatic sea level, and widely disrupted continental and marine sediment reservoirs responsible for abrupt changes in the isotopic composition of seawater. Phanerozoic mass extinction events, therefore, might have resulted primarily from catastrophic megatsunami in a dominantly oceanic hemisphere and the near contemporaneous effusion of vast quantities of noxious gases from flood basalt eruptions in a dominantly continental one.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.020","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J.T., 2005, Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large-body impacts the cause?: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 236, no. 1-2, p. 13-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.020.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"236","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, Jonathan T. 0000-0002-0689-280X jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70944,"text":"sir20045271 - 2005 - Characterization and modes of occurrence of elements in feed coal and coal combustion products from a power plant utilizing low-sulfur coal from the Powder River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"sir20045271","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5271","title":"Characterization and modes of occurrence of elements in feed coal and coal combustion products from a power plant utilizing low-sulfur coal from the Powder River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research are collaborating with an Indiana utility company to determine the physical and chemical properties of feed coal and coal combustion products from a coal-fired power plant. The Indiana power plant utilizes a low-sulfur (0.23 to 0.47 weight percent S) and lowash (4.9 to 6.3 weight percent ash) subbituminous coal from the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone in the Tongue River Member of the Paleocene Fort Union Formation, Powder River Basin, Wyoming.  \r\n\r\nBased on scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analyses of feed coal samples, two mineral suites were identified: (1) a primary or detrital suite consisting of quartz (including beta-form grains), biotite, feldspar, and minor zircon; and (2) a secondary authigenic mineral suite containing alumino-phosphates (crandallite and gorceixite), kaolinite, carbonates (calcite and dolomite), quartz, anatase, barite, and pyrite. The primary mineral suite is interpreted, in part, to be of volcanic origin, whereas the authigenic mineral suite is interpreted, in part, to be the result of the alteration of the volcanic minerals. The mineral suites have contributed to the higher amounts of barium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, strontium, and titanium in the Powder River Basin feed coals in comparison to eastern coals.  \r\n\r\nX-ray diffraction analysis indicates that (1) fly ash is mostly aluminate glass, perovskite, lime, gehlenite, quartz, and phosphates with minor amounts of periclase, anhydrite, hematite, and spinel group minerals; and (2) bottom ash is predominantly quartz, plagioclase (albite and anorthite), pyroxene (augite and fassaite), rhodonite, and akermanite, and spinel group minerals. Microprobe and scanning electron microscope analyses of fly ash samples revealed quartz, zircon, and monazite, euhedral laths of corundum with merrillite, hematite, dendritic spinels/ferrites, wollastonite, and periclase. The abundant calcium and magnesium mineral phases in the fly ash are attributed to the presence of carbonate, clay, and phosphate minerals in the feed coal and their alteration to new phases during combustion.  \r\n\r\nThe amorphous diffraction-scattering maxima or glass 'hump' appears to reflect differences in chemical composition of fly ash and bottom ash glasses. In Wyodak-Anderson fly and bottom ashes, the center point of scattering maxima is due to calcium and magnesium content, whereas the glass 'hump' of eastern fly ash reflects variation in aluminum content. \r\n\r\nThe calcium- and magnesium-rich and alumino-phosphate mineral phases in the coal combustion products can be attributed to volcanic minerals deposited in peat-forming mires. Dissolution and alteration of these detrital volcanic minerals occurred either in the peat-forming stage or during coalification and diagenesis, resulting in the authigenic mineral suite.  \r\n\r\nThe presence of free lime (CaO) in fly ash produced from Wyodak-Anderson coal acts as a self-contained 'scrubber' for SO3, where CaO + SO3 form anhydrite either during combustion or in the upper parts of the boiler. Considering the high lime content in the fly ash and the resulting hydration reactions after its contact with water, there is little evidence that major amounts of leachable metals are mobilized in the disposal or utilization of this fly ash. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045271","usgsCitation":"Brownfield, M.E., Cathcart, J.D., Affolter, R.H., Brownfield, I.K., Rice, C.A., O’Connor, J.T., Zielinski, R.A., Bullock, J.H., Hower, J., and Meeker, G.P., 2005, Characterization and modes of occurrence of elements in feed coal and coal combustion products from a power plant utilizing low-sulfur coal from the Powder River Basin, Wyoming (Online only, Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5271, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045271.","productDescription":"42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6605,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5271/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only, Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cathcart, James D.","contributorId":87944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cathcart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Affolter, Ronald H. affolter@usgs.gov","contributorId":659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Affolter","given":"Ronald","email":"affolter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brownfield, Isabelle K.","contributorId":97108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Isabelle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, Cynthia A.","contributorId":87140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Connor, Joseph T.","contributorId":61832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bullock, John H. Jr.","contributorId":105316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hower, James C. 0000-0003-4694-2776","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-2776","contributorId":34561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hower","given":"James C.","affiliations":[{"id":16123,"text":"University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, United States.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":283356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70943,"text":"sir20055119 - 2005 - Proposed moduli of dry rock and their application to predicting elastic velocities of sandstones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"sir20055119","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5119","title":"Proposed moduli of dry rock and their application to predicting elastic velocities of sandstones","docAbstract":"Velocities of water-saturated isotropic sandstones under low frequency can be modeled using the Biot-Gassmann theory if the moduli of dry rocks are known. On the basis of effective medium theory by Kuster and Toksoz, bulk and shear moduli of dry sandstone are proposed. These moduli are related to each other through a consolidation parameter and provide a new way to calculate elastic velocities. Because this parameter depends on differential pressure and the degree of consolidation, the proposed moduli can be used to calculate elastic velocities of sedimentary rocks under different in-place conditions by varying the consolidation parameter. This theory predicts that the ratio of P-wave to S-wave velocity (Vp/Vs) of a dry rock decreases as differential pressure increases and porosity decreases. This pattern of behavior is similar to that of water-saturated sedimentary rocks. If microcracks are present in sandstones, the velocity ratio usually increases as differential pressure increases. This implies that this theory is optimal for sandstones having intergranular porosities. Even though the accurate behavior of the consolidation parameter with respect to differential pressure or the degree of consolidation is not known, this theory presents a new way to predict S-wave velocity from P-wave velocity and porosity and to calculate elastic velocities of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments. For given properties of sandstones such as bulk and shear moduli of matrix, only the consolidation parameter affects velocities, and this parameter can be estimated directly from the measurements; thus, the prediction of S-wave velocity is accurate, reflecting in-place conditions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055119","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2005, Proposed moduli of dry rock and their application to predicting elastic velocities of sandstones (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5119, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055119.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6604,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6881f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70945,"text":"sir20055110 - 2005 - Simulation of hydraulic characteristics in the white sturgeon spawning habitat of the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-05T14:53:45","indexId":"sir20055110","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5110","title":"Simulation of hydraulic characteristics in the white sturgeon spawning habitat of the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Hydraulic characterization of the Kootenai River, especially in the white sturgeon spawning habitat reach, is needed by the Kootenai River White Sturgeon Recovery Team to promote hydraulic conditions that improve spawning conditions for the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in the Kootenai River. The decreasing population and spawning failure of white sturgeon has led to much concern. Few wild juvenile sturgeons are found in the river today. Determining the location of the transition between backwater and free-flowing water in the Kootenai River is a primary focus for biologists who believe that hydraulic changes at the transition affect the location where the sturgeon choose to spawn. The Kootenai River begins in British Columbia, Canada, and flows through Montana, Idaho, and back into British Columbia. The 65.6-mile reach of the Kootenai River in Idaho was studied. The study area encompasses the white sturgeon spawning reach that has been designated as a critical habitat.</p>\n<br>\n<p>A one-dimensional hydraulic-flow model of the study reach was developed, calibrated, and used to develop relations between hydraulic characteristics and water-surface elevation, discharge, velocity, and backwater extent. The model used 164 cross sections, most of which came from a previous river survey conducted in 2002-03. The model was calibrated to water-surface elevations at specific discharges at five gaging stations. Calibrated water-surface elevations ranged from about 1,743 to about 1,759 feet, and discharges used in calibration ranged from 5,000 to 47,500 cubic feet per second. Model calibration was considered acceptable when the difference between measured and simulated water-surface elevations was ?0.15 foot or less. Measured and simulated average velocities also were compared. These comparisons indicated agreement between measured and simulated values.</p> \n<br>\n<p>The location of the transition between backwater and free-flowing water was determined using the calibrated model. The model was used to simulate hydraulic characteristics for a range of water-surface elevations from 1,741 to 1,762 feet and discharges from 4,000 to 75,000 cubic feet per second. These simulated hydraulic characteristics were used to develop a three-parameter relation-discharge in the study reach, water-surface elevation at Kootenai River at Porthill gaging station (12322000), and the location of the transition between backwater and free-flowing water. Simulated hydraulic characteristics produced backwater locations ranging from river mile (RM) 105.6 (Porthill) to RM 158 (near Crossport), a span of about 52 miles. However, backwater locations from measured data ranged primarily from RM 152 to RM 157, a 5-mile span. The average backwater location from measured data was at about RM 154.</p> \n<br>\n<p>Three-parameter relations also were developed for determining the amount of discharge in the Shorty Island side channel and average velocity at selected cross sections in the study reach. Simulated discharge for the side channel relative to measured data ranged from 0 to about 5,500 cubic feet per second, and simulated average velocity relative to measured data ranged from 0 to about 3.5 feet per second. Relations using other hydraulic, sediment/incipient motion, ecological, and biological characteristics also could be developed.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The relations also can be used in real time by accessing data from the Web. Discharge and stage data for two gaging stations, Tribal Hatchery (12310100) and Porthill (12322500), are available from the Idaho U.S. Geological Survey web page (URL: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/id/nwis/current/?type=flow). Because the coordinate axes of the three-parameter relations use discharge from the Tribal Hatchery gaging station and water-surface elevation from the Porthill gaging station, the location of the transition between backwater and free-flowing water can be determined for current conditions using the real-time data. Similarly, discharge in the Shorty Island side channel and (or) average velocity at selected cross sections also can be determined for current conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055110","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game","usgsCitation":"Berenbrock, C., 2005, Simulation of hydraulic characteristics in the white sturgeon spawning habitat of the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5110, Report: vi, 30 p.; Data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055110.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 30 p.; Data files","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055110.PNG"},{"id":6606,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":286891,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5110/pdf/sir20055110.pdf"},{"id":286892,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5110/data/"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area projection","country":"Canada;United States","state":"British Columbia;Idaho;Montana","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River Drainage Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0,48.0 ], [ -118.0,50.0 ], [ -115.0,50.0 ], [ -115.0,48.0 ], [ -118.0,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e492de4b07f02db57f93b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70919,"text":"ofr20051169 - 2005 - Blind comparisons of shear-wave velocities at closely-spaced sites in San Jose, California: Proceedings of a Workshop held at the US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, May 3, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T19:29:10.348234","indexId":"ofr20051169","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1169","title":"Blind comparisons of shear-wave velocities at closely-spaced sites in San Jose, California: Proceedings of a Workshop held at the US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, May 3, 2004","docAbstract":"<p>Shear-wave velocities within several hundred meters of Earth's surface are important in specifying earthquake ground motions for engineering design. Not only are the shearwave velocities used in classifying sites for use of modern building codes, but they are also used in site-specific studies of particularly significant structures. Many are the methods for estimating sub-surface shear-wave velocities, but few are the blind comparisons of a number of the methods at a single site. The word \"blind\" is important here and means that the measurements and interpretations are done completely independent of one another. Stephen Hartzell of the USGS office on Golden, Colorado realized that such an experiment would be very useful for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the various methods, and he and Jack Boatwright of the USGS office in Menlo Park, California, in cooperation with Carl Wentworth of the Menlo Park USGS office found a convenient site in the city of San Jose, California. The site had good access and space for conducting experiments, and a borehole drilled to several hundred meters by the Santa Clara Valley Water District was made available for downhole logging. Jack Boatwright asked David Boore to coordinate the experiment. In turn, David Boore persuaded several teams to make measurements, helped with the local logistics, collected the results, and organized and conducted an International Workshop in May, 2004. At this meeting the participants in the experiment gathered in Menlo Park to describe their measurements and interpretations, and to see the results of the comparisons of the various methods for the first time. This Open-File Report describes the results of that workshop. One of the participants, Michael Asten, offered to help the coordinator prepare this report. Because of his lead role in pulling the report together, Dr. Asten is the lead author of the paper to follow and is also the lead Compiler for the Open-File Report.</p><p>It is important to recognize that most of the participants in the experiments contributed at their own expense. It is gratifying that many people recognized the importance of the experiment and were willing to volunteer their time and resources. We thank them for this effort.</p><p>This Report is organized in three parts: the first part is a paper summarizing the results of the Workshop, and presenting some conclusions regarding the various methods; the second part is a compilation of those documents describing the experiments that were presented at the meeting (a few of the reports have had minor post-meeting revisions, but with only one exception noted later, none of the models were changed). The final part of this Report is a compilation of the presentations from the meeting -- these are largely in the form of Powerpoint files. No attempt has been made by the compilers to edit the material in parts 2 and 3. It is included here as is for the benefit of the reader.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051169","usgsCitation":"2005, Blind comparisons of shear-wave velocities at closely-spaced sites in San Jose, California: Proceedings of a Workshop held at the US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, May 3, 2004 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1169, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051169.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-05-02","temporalEnd":"2004-05-04","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8048,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1169/version_history.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":8047,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1169/chapters/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":6582,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1169/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401699,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_72181.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Jose","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.14187622070311,\n              37.24126187205382\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.78207397460936,\n              37.24126187205382\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.78207397460936,\n              37.446516047833484\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14187622070311,\n              37.446516047833484\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14187622070311,\n              37.24126187205382\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db607855","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Asten, Michael W.","contributorId":184065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asten","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726021,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726022,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70907,"text":"ofr20051135 - 2005 - Modified mercalli intensity maps for the 1906 San Francisco earthquake plotted in ShakeMap format","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:03","indexId":"ofr20051135","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1135","title":"Modified mercalli intensity maps for the 1906 San Francisco earthquake plotted in ShakeMap format","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051135","usgsCitation":"Boatwright, J., and Bundock, H., 2005, Modified mercalli intensity maps for the 1906 San Francisco earthquake plotted in ShakeMap format (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1135, maps + text, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051135.","productDescription":"maps + text","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6993a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boatwright, John 0000-0002-6931-5241 boat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5241","contributorId":1938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"John","email":"boat@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bundock, Howard","contributorId":76830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundock","given":"Howard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70899,"text":"sir20045245 - 2005 - Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 10. Geologic influences on ground and surface waters in the lower Red River watershed, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T19:20:01.55527","indexId":"sir20045245","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5245","title":"Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 10. Geologic influences on ground and surface waters in the lower Red River watershed, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p class=\"textindent\">This report is one in a series that presents results of an interdisciplinary U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study of ground-water quality in the lower Red River watershed prior to open-pit and underground molybdenite mining at Molycorp’s Questa mine. The stretch of the Red River watershed that extends from just upstream of the town of Red River, N. Mex., to just above the town of Questa includes several mineralized areas in addition to the one mined by Molycorp. Natural erosion and weathering of pyrite-rich rocks in the mineralized areas has created a series of erosional scars along this stretch of the Red River that contribute acidic waters, as well as mineralized alluvial material and sediments, to the river. The overall goal of the USGS study is to infer the premining ground-water quality at the Molycorp mine site. An integrated geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical model for ground water in the mineralized—but unmined—Straight Creek drainage (a tributary of the Red River) is being used as an analog for the geologic, geochemical, and hydrologic conditions that influenced ground-water quality and quantity in the Red River drainage prior to mining.</p><p class=\"textindent\">This report provides an overall geologic framework for the Red River watershed between Red River and Questa, in northern New Mexico, and summarizes key geologic, mineralogic, structural and other characteristics of various mineralized areas (and their associated erosional scars and debris fans) that likely influence ground- and surface-water quality and hydrology. The premining nature of the Sulphur Gulch and Goat Hill Gulch scars on the Molycorp mine site can be inferred through geologic comparisons with other unmined scars in the Red River drainage.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045245","usgsCitation":"Ludington, S., Plumlee, G., Caine, J.S., Bove, D., Holloway, J., and Livo, E., 2005, Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 10. Geologic influences on ground and surface waters in the lower Red River watershed, New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5245, iv, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045245.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402295,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73601.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":6550,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Red River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.6500244140625,\n              36.64858894203172\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.33416748046875,\n              36.64858894203172\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.33416748046875,\n              36.767492156196745\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6500244140625,\n              36.767492156196745\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6500244140625,\n              36.64858894203172\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoff","contributorId":16478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bove, Dana","contributorId":97104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"Dana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holloway, JoAnn 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":92752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"JoAnn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Livo, Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":52270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70901,"text":"sir20055081 - 2005 - Augmenting two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations with measured velocity data to identify flow paths as a function of depth on Upper St. Clair River in the Great Lakes basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T15:12:53","indexId":"sir20055081","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5081","title":"Augmenting two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations with measured velocity data to identify flow paths as a function of depth on Upper St. Clair River in the Great Lakes basin","docAbstract":"<p>Upper St. Clair River, which receives outflow from Lake Huron, is characterized by flow velocities that exceed 7 feet per second and significant channel curvature that creates complex flow patterns downstream from the Blue Water Bridge in the Port Huron, Michigan, and Sarnia, Ontario, area. Discrepancies were detected between depth-averaged velocities previously simulated by a two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model and surface velocities determined from drifting buoy deployments. A detailed ADCP (acoustic Doppler current profiler) survey was done on Upper St. Clair River during July 1–3, 2003, to help resolve these discrepancies. </p><p>As part of this study, a refined finite-element mesh of the hydrodynamic model used to identify source areas to public water intakes was developed for Upper St. Clair River. In addition, a numerical procedure was used to account for radial accelerations, which cause secondary flow patterns near channel bends. The refined model was recalibrated to better reproduce local velocities measured in the ADCP survey. ADCP data also were used to help resolve the remaining discrepancies between simulated and measured velocities and to describe variations in velocity with depth. </p><p>Velocity data from ADCP surveys have significant local variability, and statistical processing is needed to compute reliable point estimates. In this study, velocity innovations were computed for seven depth layers posited within the river as the differences between measured and simulated velocities. For each layer, the spatial correlation of velocity innovations was characterized by use of variogram analysis. Results were used with kriging to compute expected innovations within each layer at applicable model nodes. Expected innovations were added to simulated velocities to form integrated velocities, which were used with reverse particle tracking to identify the expected flow path near a sewage outfall as a function of flow depth. </p><p>Expected particle paths generated by use of the integrated velocities showed that surface velocities in the upper layers tended to originate nearer the Canadian shoreline than velocities near the channel bottom in the lower layers. Therefore, flow paths to U.S. public water intakes located on the river bottom are more likely to be in the United States than withdrawals near the water surface. Integrated velocities in the upper layers are generally consistent with the surface velocities indicated by drifting-buoy deployments. Information in the 2D hydrodynamic model and the ADCP measurements was insufficient to describe the vertical flow component. This limitation resulted in the inability to account for vertical movements on expected flow paths through Upper St. Clair River. A three dimensional hydrodynamic model would be needed to account for these effects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055081","collaboration":"In cooperation with the American Water Works Association Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Koschik, J., 2005, Augmenting two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations with measured velocity data to identify flow paths as a function of depth on Upper St. Clair River in the Great Lakes basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5081, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055081.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055081.JPG"},{"id":6551,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6680d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koschik, J.A.","contributorId":101711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschik","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}