Ground water supplies about one-third of the water used by the public in Salt Lake Valley, Utah. The occurrence and distribution of natural and anthropogenic compounds in ground water used for public supply in the valley were evaluated. Water samples were collected from 31 public-supply wells in 2001 and analyzed for major ions, trace elements, radon, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, methylene blue active substances, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds. The samples also were analyzed for the stable isotopes of water (oxygen-18 and deuterium), tritium, chlorofluorocarbons, and dissolved gases to determine recharge sources and ground-water age.
Dissolved-solids concentration ranged from 157 to 1,280 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in water from the 31 public-supply wells. Comparison of dissolved-solids concentration of water sampled from the principal aquifer during 1988-92 and 1998-2002 shows a reduction in the area where water with less than 500 mg/L occurs. Nitrate concentration in water sampled from 12 of the 31 public-supply wells was higher than an estimated background level of 2 mg/L, indicating a possible human influence. At least one pesticide or pesticide degradation product was detected at a concentration much lower than drinking-water standards in water from 13 of the 31 wells sampled. Chloroform was the most frequently detected volatile organic compound (17 of 31 samples). Its widespread occurrence in deeper ground water is likely a result of the recharge of chlorinated public-supply water used to irrigate lawns and gardens in residential areas of Salt Lake Valley.
Environmental tracers were used to determine the sources of recharge to the principal aquifer used for public supply in the valley. Oxygen-18 values and recharge temperatures computed from dissolved noble gases in the ground water were used to differentiate between mountain and valley recharge. Maximum recharge temperatures in the eastern part of the valley generally are below the range of valley water-table temperatures indicating that mountain-block recharge must constitute a substantial fraction of recharge to the principal aquifer in this area. Together, the recharge temperature and stable-isotope data define two zones with apparently high proportions of valley recharge on the east side of the valley.
The possibility of water samples containing a substantial proportion of water recharged before thermonuclear testing began in the early 1950s (pre-bomb) was evaluated by comparing the initial tritium concentration of each sample (measured tritium plus measured tritiogenic helium-3) to that of local precipitation at the apparent time of recharge. Three interpreted-age categories were determined for water from the sampled wells: (1) dominantly pre-bomb; (2) dominantly modern; and (3) modern or a mixture of pre-bomb and modern. Apparent tritium/helium-3 ages range from 3 years to more than 50 years. Water generally becomes older with distance from the mountain front, with the oldest water present in the discharge area.
The presence of anthropogenic compounds at concentrations above reporting levels and elevated nitrate concentrations (affected wells) in the principal aquifer is well correlated with the distribution of interpreted-age categories. All of the wells (10 of 10) with dominantly modern water are affected. Seventy percent (7 of 10) of the wells with dominantly modern or a mixture of modern and pre-bomb waters are affected. Only 1 of the 11 wells with dominantly pre-bomb water is affected. Anthropogenic compounds were not detected in water with an apparent age of more than 50 years, except for water from one well. All of the samples that consisted mostly of modern water contained at least one anthropogenic compound.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/wri034325","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., and Manning, A.H., 2004, Quality and sources of ground water used for public supply in Salt Lake Valley, Salt Lake County, Utah, 2001 (Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4325, x, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034325.","productDescription":"x, 95 p.","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4823,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53972,"text":"wri034263 - 2004 - Geohydrology of the French Creek Basin and simulated effects of drought and ground-water withdrawals, Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T20:39:05.135415","indexId":"wri034263","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4263","title":"Geohydrology of the French Creek Basin and simulated effects of drought and ground-water withdrawals, Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"This report describes the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Delaware River Basin Commission, to develop a regional ground-water-flow model of the French Creek Basin in Chester County, Pa. The model was used to assist water-resource managers by illustrating the interconnection between ground-water and surface-water systems. The 70.7-square mile French Creek Basin is in the Piedmont Physiographic Province and is underlain by crystalline and sedimentary fractured-rock aquifers. Annual water budgets were calculated for 1969-2001 for the French Creek Basin upstream of streamflow-measurement station French Creek near Phoenixville (01472157). Average annual precipitation was 46.28 in. (inches), average annual streamflow was 20.29 in., average annual base flow determined by hydrograph separation was 12.42 in., and estimated average annual ET (evapotranspiration) was 26.10 in. Estimated average annual recharge was 14.32 in. and is equal to 31 percent of the average annual precipitation. Base flow made up an average of 61 percent of streamflow.
Ground-water flow in the French Creek Basin was simulated using the finite-difference MODFLOW-96 computer program. The model structure is based on a simplified two-dimensional conceptualization of the ground-water-flow system. The modeled area was extended outside the French Creek Basin to natural hydrologic boundaries; the modeled area includes 40 square miles of adjacent areas outside the basin. The hydraulic conductivity for each geologic unit was calculated from reported specific-capacity data determined from aquifer tests and was adjusted during model calibration. The model was calibrated for above-average conditions by simulating base-flow and water-level measurements made on May 1, 2001, using a recharge rate of 20 in/yr (inches per year). The model was calibrated for below-average conditions by simulating base-flow and water-level measurements made on September 11 and 17, 2001, using a recharge rate of 6.2 in/yr. Average conditions were simulated by adjusting the recharge rate until simulated streamflow at streamflow-measurement station 01472157 matched the long-term (1968-2001) average base flow of 54.1 cubic feet per second. The recharge rate used for average conditions was 15.7 in/yr.
The effect of drought in the French Creek Basin was simulated using a drought year recharge rate of 8 in/yr for 3 months. After 3 months of drought, the simulated streamflow of French Creek at streamflow-measurement station 01472157 decreased 34 percent. The simulations show that after 6 months of average recharge (15.7 in/yr) following drought, streamflow and water levels recovered almost to pre-drought conditions.
The effect of increased ground-water withdrawals on stream base flow in the South Branch French Creek Subbasin was simulated under average and drought conditions with pumping rates equal to 50, 75, and 100 percent of the Delaware River Basin Commission Ground Water Protected Area (GWPA) withdrawal limit (1,393 million gallons per year) with all pumped water removed from the basin. For average recharge conditions, the simulated streamflow of South Branch French Creek at the mouth decreased 18, 28, and 37 percent at a withdrawal rate equal to 50, 75, and 100 percent of the GWPA limit, respectively. After 3 months of drought recharge conditions, the simulated streamflow of South Branch French Creek at the mouth decreased 27, 40, and 52 percent at a withdrawal rate equal to 50, 75, and 100 percent of the GWPA limit, respectively.
The effect of well location on base flow, water levels, and the sources of water to the well was simulated by locating a hypothetical well pumping 200 gallons per minute in different places in the Beaver Run Subbasin with all pumped water removed from the basin. The smallest reduction in the base flow of Beaver Run was from a well on the drainage divide between the French Creek Basin and the Marsh Creek Basin to the south; the simulated base flow of Beaver Run at the mouth was reduced 1 percent. The greatest reduction in the base flow of Beaver Creek was from a well close to Beaver Run; the simulated base flow of Beaver Run at the mouth was reduced 8 percent. The simulations showed that (1) if the contributing area of a well is in a basin, pumping will affect stream base flow and water levels in that basin whether the well is inside or outside that basin; (2) wells in different areas of a basin away from a divide produce a similar reduction in base flow; (3) a well within a basin will derive more water from diverted base flow and less water from storage than a well on or near a basin divide; and (4) the reduction in base flow at the mouth of the stream is the same for a well in the headwaters and a well downstream near the confluence.
Model simulations illustrate some of the typical analyses and results that can be produced. The model was calibrated using annual values for recharge and ground-water ET and then was run using the annual values in a seasonally independent transient mode to show changes with time. The timing and relative magnitude of some of the changes simulated with the model when viewed in terms of a normal climatic year may be subject to considerable uncertainty because of the variability in seasonal recharge and ground-water ET rates. Transient model simulations for short-term periods are indicative of possible hydrologic system response and are considered an approximation.
The Santa Clara Valley is a long, narrow trough extending about 35 miles southeast from the southern end of San Francisco Bay where the regional alluvial-aquifer system has been a major source of water. Intensive agricultural and urban development throughout the 20th century and related ground-water development resulted in ground-water-level declines of more than 200 feet and land subsidence of as much as 12.7 feet between the early 1900s and the mid-1960s. Since the 1960s, Santa Clara Valley Water District has imported surface water to meet growing demands and reduce dependence on ground-water supplies. This importation of water has resulted in a sustained recovery of the ground-water flow system. To help support effective management of the ground-water resources, a regional ground-water/surface-water flow model was developed. This model simulates the flow of ground water and surface water, changes in ground-water storage, and related effects such as land subsidence.
A numerical ground-water/surface-water flow model of the Santa Clara Valley subbasin of the Santa Clara Valley was developed as part of a cooperative investigation with the Santa Clara Valley Water District. The model better defines the geohydrologic framework of the regional flow system and better delineates the supply and demand components that affect the inflows to and outflows from the regional ground-water flow system. Development of the model includes revisions to the previous ground-water flow model that upgraded the temporal and spatial discretization, added source-specific inflows and outflows, simulated additional flow features such as land subsidence and multi-aquifer wellbore flow, and extended the period of simulation through September 1999. The transient-state model was calibrated to historical surface-water and ground-water data for the period 1970–99 and to historical subsidence for the period 1983–99.
The regional ground-water flow system consists of multiple aquifers that are grouped into upper- and lower-aquifer systems. Ground-water inflow occurs as natural recharge in the form of streamflow infiltration and areal infiltration of precipitation along stream channels, artificial recharge from infiltration of imported water at recharge ponds and along selected stream channels, and leakage along selected transmission pipelines. Ground-water outflow occurs as evapotranspiration, stream base flow, discharge through pumpage from wells, and subsurface flow to the San Francisco Bay.
The geohydrologic framework of the regional ground-water flow system was represented as six model layers. The hydraulic properties were redefined on the basis of cell-based lithologic properties that were delineated in terms of aggregate thicknesses of coarse-grained, fine-grained, and mixed textural categories. The regional aquifer systems also are dissected by several laterally extensive faults that may form at least partial barriers to the lateral flow of ground water. The spatial extent of the ground-water flow model was extended and refined to cover the entire Santa Clara Valley, including the Evergreen subregion. The temporal discretization was refined and the period of simulation was extended to 1970–99.
The model was upgraded to MODFLOW-2000 (MF2K) and was calibrated to fit historical ground-water levels, streamflow, and land subsidence for the period 1970–99. The revised model slightly overestimates measured water levels with an root-mean-square error of -7.34 feet. The streamflow generally shows a good match on gaged creeks and rivers for flows greater than 1.2 cubic feet per second. The revised model also fits the measured deformation at the borehole extensometer site located near San Jose within 16 to 27 percent and the extensometer site near Sunnyvale within 3 percent of the maximum measured seasonal deformation for the deepest extensometers.
The total ground-water inflow and outflow of about 225,500 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) for the period 1970–89 and of about 205,300 acre-feet per year for the period for the period 1970–99 is comparable with that of the previous model, 207,200 acre-ft/yr for the period 1970–89. Overall the simulated net change in storage increased by about 189,500 acre-ft/yr for the entire period of simulation, which represents about one and a half years of the 1970–99 average pumping. The changes in ground-water flow and storage generally reflect the major climate cycles and the additional importation of water by Santa Clara Valley Water District, with the basin in recovery since the drought of the late 1980s and early 1990s. The average total recharge rate, from natural and artificial recharge and from streamflow infiltration for the revised model for the entire simulation period 1970–99, was about 157,100 acre-ft/yr, which represents about 59 percent of the inflow to the ground-water flow system. The average rate of artificial recharge of about 77,600 acre-ft/yr represents about 30 percent of the inflow to the ground-water flow system. The average pumpage for the entire 29.75-year simulation period is about 133,400 acre-ft/yr and represents about 69 percent of the outflow from the ground-water flow system. Most of the simulated recharge infiltrates and flows through the uppermost layers (i.e. model layers 1 and 3) of the aquifer system. Most of the water that flows to the deeper model layers is occurring through wellbores, with wellbore flow representing 19 percent of the total ground-water inflow between model layers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045231","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Li, Z., and Faunt, C., 2004, Documentation of the Santa Clara Valley regional ground-water/surface-water flow model, Santa Clara Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5231, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045231.","productDescription":"85 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5817,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5231/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara 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The program is written in the standard C++ programming language, including its standard library. The program has been compiled with Microsoft Visual C++ .NET and tested on the Microsoft Windows 98, 2000, and XP operating systems. Nonetheless, because of the usage of the standard language, the source code should readily compile with other compilers, and the program should execute on other operating systems like UNIX or LINUX.
Although users of this program do not need detailed knowledge of the SEG-2 format, they must understand the following aspects of the SEG-2 format: the definition of the file descriptor block, the definition of the trace descriptor block, the keywords and associated values that are part of the file descriptor block, and the keywords and associated values that are part of the trace descriptor block. This information is not included in this report, but it may be obtained from the report establishing the SEG-2 standard (Subcommittee of the SEG Engineering and Groundwater Geophysics Committee, 1990).
This Open-File Report describes
• The contents of the Zip file and installation of the program (section 2).
• The source code, the execution of the program, tests of the installation (section 3).
• Address to which suggestions for improving the program may be sent (section 4).
Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 973
Denver, CO 80225
This CD-ROM was compiled according to the methodology developed by the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project. The geologic map of the Arctic was compiled and synthesized from the Circumpolar Geological Map of the Arctic, by Okulitch A.V., Lopatin B.G., and Jackson H.R., scale 1:6,000,000, published by the Geological Survey of Canada in 1989 (see References ). Specific details of the data sources are given in the metadata files on this CD-ROM. Map units were kept as close as possible to original map (more than 100 unique values). These Arctic maps were compiled using Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI) ARC/INFO software. Political boundaries and cartographic representations on this map are shown (with permission) from ESRI's ArcWorld 1:3M digital coverage. They have no political significance and are displayed as general reference only. Portions of this database covering the coastline, rivers and country boundaries contain proprietary property of ESRI. (© 1992 and 1996, Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. All rights reserved. The bathymetric data were derived from the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) which was downloaded from the NOAA web site. Oil and gas centerpoints were derived from Probe 4.0 database - proprietary property of Petroleum Information/Dwights LLC d/b/a/IHS Energy Group. Specific details of the data sources and map compilation are given in the metadata files on this CD-ROM.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97470J","collaboration":"The USGS does not provide technical support for the software associated with this publication.","usgsCitation":"Persits, F.M. and Ulmishek, G.F., 2003, Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Arctic: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470-J, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97470J","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 35.90 x 54.35 inches and 35.50 x 53.49 inches; 3 Data Releases; Metadata; 1 CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368483,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470J/ofr97470J_metadata.txt","size":"32 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 97-470-J"},{"id":368481,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470J/ofr97470J_bath.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"9.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-470-J","linkHelpText":"- Circumpolar Geologic Map of the Arctic (onshore)"},{"id":424761,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VY7GYF","text":"Arctic geology","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":368603,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62127.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 97-470-J"},{"id":424762,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FKJ2AT","text":"Arctic bathymetry","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":424763,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98JMRSK","text":"Geologic provinces of the Arctic","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":368482,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470J/ofr97470J_geo.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"6.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-470-J","linkHelpText":"- Circumpolar Geologic Map of the Arctic"},{"id":173863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470J/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":431046,"rank":9,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0470j/ofr97470J.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.9,\n 89\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 89\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 65\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 65\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 89\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"","publishedDate":"2003-10-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605926","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Persits, Felix M.","contributorId":94377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persits","given":"Felix","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773565,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ulmishek, Gregory F.","contributorId":48971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulmishek","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773566,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51519,"text":"ofr03301 - 2003 - Geologic map and digital database of the Yucaipa 7.5’ quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:38:43.903358","indexId":"ofr03301","displayToPublicDate":"2020-01-10T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-301","displayTitle":"Geologic Map and Digital Database of the Yucaipa 7.5’ quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","title":"Geologic map and digital database of the Yucaipa 7.5’ quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","docAbstract":"This geologic database of the Yucaipa 7.5' quadrangle was prepared by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), a regional geologic-mapping project sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the California Geological Survey. The database was developed as a contribution to the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program's National Geologic Map Database, and is intended to provide a general geologic setting of the Yucaipa quadrangle. The database and map provide information about earth materials and geologic structures, including faults and folds that have developed in the quadrangle due to complexities in the San Andreas Fault system.
The Yucaipa 7.5' quadrangle contains materials and structures that provide unique insight into the Mesozoic and Cenozoic geologic evolution of southern California. Stratigraphic and structural elements include: (1) strands of the San Andreas Fault that bound far-traveled terranes of crystalline and sedimentary rock; (2) Mesozoic crystalline rocks that form lower and upper plates of the regionwide Vincent-Orocopia Thrust system; and (3) late Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary materials and geologic structures that formed during the last million years or so and that record complex geologic interactions within the San Andreas Fault system. These materials and the structures that deform them provide the geologic framework for investigations of geologic hazards and ground-water recharge and subsurface flow.
Geologic information contained in the Yucaipa database is general-purpose data that is applicable to land-related investigations in the earth and biological sciences. The term \"generalpurpose\" means that all geologic-feature classes have minimal information content adequate to characterize their general geologic characteristics and to interpret their general geologic history. However, no single feature class has enough information to definitively characterize its properties and origin. For this reason the database cannot be used for site-specific geologic evaluations, although it can be used to plan and guide investigations at the site-specific level.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03301","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District, U.S. Forest Service (San Bernardino National Forest), and California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Matti, Jonathan C., Morton, D. M., Cox, B. F., Carson, S. E., Yetter, T. J., 2003, Geologic Map and Digital Database of the Yucaipa 7.5’ quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-301, https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0301/.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 41 p.; 1 Plate: 44.33 x 31.29 inches; Readme; Metadata; 2 Databases","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0301/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":110444,"rank":9,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0301/yuc_readme.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285744,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0301/yuc.tar.gz","text":"Digital database"},{"id":285743,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0301/metadata.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":285745,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0301/yuc_attribute_codes.pdf","text":"Codes for geologic attributes in database","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285746,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0301/yuc_map.pdf","text":"Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285748,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0301/yuc_map.ps.gz","text":"Compressed (gzip) PostScript file"},{"id":285747,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0301/yuc_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":398348,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_58937.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County, San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Yucaipa quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.125,34.0 ], [ -117.125,34.125 ], [ -117.0,34.125 ], [ -117.0,34.0 ], [ -117.125,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","contact":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center
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Pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags provide a fisheries-independent method of collecting environmental preference data (depth and ambient water temperature) and migration distance. In this study, we evaluate the use of pop-up archival transmitting tags as a method to investigate demersal fish. We report the results from eight pop-up archival transmitting tagged Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis (from 107 to 165 cm FL) that were released in and around Resurrection Bay, Alaska. Commercial fishermen recovered three tags, while five tags transmitted data to Argos satellites. Horizontal migration was not consistent among fish as four Pacific halibut remained in the vicinity of release while the other four traveled up to 358 km from the release site. Vertical movement was not consistent among fish or over time; however, they spent most of their time at depths of 150 to 350 m. The minimum and maximum depths reached by any of the Pacific halibut were 2 m and 502 m, respectively. The fish preferred water temperatures of approximately 6°C, but experienced temperatures between 4.3 and 12.2°C. Light attenuation with depth prevented geolocation software and light sensing hardware from accurately estimating geoposition for the majority of days. The methods, adapted from investigations on large pelagic fish, proved to be effective for studying Pacific halibut in the northern Gulf of Alaska. PAT tags allowed us to obtain high accuracy locations of the fish at the end of the tag deployments as well as preliminary data to identify approximate seasonal locations and to characterize their depth and temperature characteristics. By using PAT tags, we will be able to ensure tag returns during the winter season (which is closed to fishing) and gain valuable biological information even if fish migrate large distances or to unexpected locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","usgsCitation":"Seitz, A.C., Wilson, D., Norcross, B.L., and Nielsen, J.L., 2003, Pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags: A method to investigate the migration and behavior of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in the Gulf of Alaska: Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin, v. 10, no. 2, p. 124-136.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=afrb.issue10_2"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef4e4b072a7ac0cad4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seitz, Andrew C.","contributorId":156324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seitz","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Derek","contributorId":178950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Derek","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norcross, Brenda L.","contributorId":21497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norcross","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179684,"text":"70179684 - 2003 - Reply to comment on “Anthropogenic sources of arsenic and copper to sediments in a suburban lake, northern Virginia\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T14:07:39","indexId":"70179684","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to comment on “Anthropogenic sources of arsenic and copper to sediments in a suburban lake, northern Virginia\"","docAbstract":"Saxe and Beck (1) raise two groups of questions regarding the mass-balance approach in our paper.
(i) Only some of the data and calculations used for the mass balance were provided; the apparent number of samples collected is not sufficient to support a reliable mass balance; measurements were not made on all tributaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es030050e","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Conko, K.M., and Hornberger, G., 2003, Reply to comment on “Anthropogenic sources of arsenic and copper to sediments in a suburban lake, northern Virginia\": Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 11, p. 2626-2626, https://doi.org/10.1021/es030050e.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"2626","endPage":"2626","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es030050e","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"37","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58773e94e4b0315b4c11ff11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conko, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-6361-4921 kmconko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":2930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmconko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornberger, George M.","contributorId":63894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"George M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179195,"text":"70179195 - 2003 - Workshop 3.5: Closing the gap between exposure and effects in monitoring studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-27T11:45:21","indexId":"70179195","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3207,"text":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Workshop 3.5: Closing the gap between exposure and effects in monitoring studies","docAbstract":"A major challenge to contaminant monitoring programs is the selection of an appropriate suite of measurements for assessing exposure and effects. Early monitoring programs relied solely on residue analysis to detect the organochlorine compounds that were in use at that time. A shift to the use of more transient, less persistent chemicals required that a new set of tools be developed to determine if an organism had been exposed. This led to the development of cellular and biochemical assays that could indicate the presence of these types of chemicals in biota and the environment. However, it was recognized that measures of contaminant presence alone were insufficient to assess the health of biota. As a result, considerable research began to be directed toward development of diagnostic tools for measuring chemical effects in fish and wildlife. Today, contaminant monitoring programs follow a paradigm for study design that emphasizes not only the use of measures of exposure, but also measures of effect.
Using data from our monitoring and research studies for hormonally active substances, we discuss a variety of metrics of exposure and effects and their application to specific chemicals, and the current information gaps. We conclude that although several bioindicators of exposure and effect have been promoted and used, to date there continues to be a poor association between cause and effect for endocrine active substances. In part, this is due to the limited number of diagnostic tools that are available and to a lack of basic toxicological information concerning toxicokinetics and mechanisms of action of hormonally active chemicals in fish and wildlife species. In the foreseeable future, both tissue and environmental residue data, despite the many limitations, will continue to be an important component of monitoring programs for hormonally active chemicals as we continue to develop and validate more specific bioindicators of exposure and effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.1351/pac200375112467","issn":"1365-3075","usgsCitation":"Tillitt, D.E., and Papoulias, D.M., 2003, Workshop 3.5: Closing the gap between exposure and effects in monitoring studies: Pure and Applied Chemistry, v. 75, no. 11-12, p. 2467-2475, https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112467.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2467","endPage":"2475","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112467","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585ba2f8e4b01224f329b98c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170438,"text":"70170438 - 2003 - Characterizing grazing disturbance in semiarid ecosystems across broad spatial scales using multiple indices.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T13:41:50","indexId":"70170438","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-04T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing grazing disturbance in semiarid ecosystems across broad spatial scales using multiple indices.","docAbstract":"Although management and conservation strategies continue to move toward broader spatial scales and consideration of many taxonomic groups simultaneously, researchers have struggled to characterize responses to disturbance at these scales. Most studies of disturbance by feral grazers investigate effects on only one or two ecosystem elements across small spatial scales, limiting their applicability to ecosystem-level management. To address this inadequacy, in 1997 and 1998 we examined disturbance created by feral horses (Equus caballus) in nine mountain ranges of the western Great Basin, USA, using plants, small mammals, ants, and soil compaction as indicators. Nine horse-occupied and 10 horse-removed sites were stratified into high- and low-elevation groups, and all sites at each elevation had similar vegetation type, aspect, slope gradient, and recent (≥15-yr) fire and livestock-grazing histories. Using reciprocal averaging and TWINSPAN analyses, we compared relationships among sites using five data sets: abiotic variables, percent cover by plant species, an index of abundance by plant species, 10 disturbance-sensitive response variables, and grass and shrub species considered “key” indicators by land managers. Although reciprocal averaging and TWINSPAN analyses of percent cover, abiotic variables, and key species suggested relationships between sites influenced largely by biogeography (i.e., mountain range), disturbance-sensitive variables clearly segregated horse-occupied and horse-removed sites. These analyses suggest that the influence of feral horses on many Great Basin ecosystem attributes is not being detected by monitoring only palatable plant species. We recommend development of an expanded monitoring strategy based not only on established vegetation measurements investigating forage consumption, but also including disturbance-sensitive variables (e.g., soil surface hardness, abundance of ant mounds) that more completely reflect the suite of effects that a large-bodied grazer may impose on mountain ecosystems, independent of vegetation differences. By providing a broader-based mechanism for detection of adverse effects, this strategy would provide management agencies with defensible data in a sociopolitical arena that has been embroiled in conflict for several decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0119:CGDISE]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Beever, E.A., Tausch, R.J., and Brussard, P.F., 2003, Characterizing grazing disturbance in semiarid ecosystems across broad spatial scales using multiple indices.: Ecological Applications, v. 13, no. 1, p. 119-136, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0119:CGDISE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a837e4b0ef3b7caba4dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tausch, Robin J.","contributorId":103977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tausch","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brussard, Peter F.","contributorId":111904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brussard","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}