{"pageNumber":"1022","pageRowStart":"25525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":5224365,"text":"5224365 - 2003 - An integrated analysis of the effects of past land use on forest herb colonization at the landscape scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-20T13:54:33","indexId":"5224365","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:48","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated analysis of the effects of past land use on forest herb colonization at the landscape scale","docAbstract":"
  1. A framework that summarizes the direct and indirect effects of past land use on forest herb recolonization is proposed, and used to analyse the colonization patterns of forest understorey herbaceous species in a 360-ha mixed forest, grassland and arable landscape in the Dijle river valley (central Belgium).
  2. Fine-scale distribution maps were constructed for 14 species. The species were mapped in 15 946 forest plots and outside forests (along parcel margins) in 5188 plots. Forest stands varied in age between 1 and more than 224 years. Detailed land-use history data were combined with the species distribution maps to identify species-specific colonization sources and to calculate colonization distances.
  3. The six most frequent species were selected for more detailed statistical analysis.
  4. Logistic regression models indicated that species frequency in forest parcels was a function of secondary forest age, distance from the nearest colonization source and their interaction. Similar age and distance effects were found within hedgerows.
  5. In 199 forest stands, data about soils, canopy structure and the cover of competitive species were collected. The relative importance of habitat quality and spatio-temporal isolation for the colonization of the forest herb species was quantified using structural equation modelling (SEM), within the framework proposed for the effects of past land use.
  6. The results of the SEM indicate that, except for the better colonizing species, the measured habitat quality variables are of minor importance in explaining colonization patterns, compared with the combination of secondary forest age and distance from colonization sources.
  7. Our results suggest the existence of a two-stage colonization process in which diaspore availability determines the initial pattern, which is affected by environmental sorting at later stages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00807.x","usgsCitation":"Verheyen, K., Guntenspergen, G.R., Biesbrouck, B., and Hermy, M., 2003, An integrated analysis of the effects of past land use on forest herb colonization at the landscape scale: Journal of Ecology, v. 91, no. 5, p. 731-742, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00807.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"742","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478310,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00807.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68457f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verheyen, K.","contributorId":38681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verheyen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biesbrouck, B.","contributorId":88065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biesbrouck","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hermy, M.","contributorId":107832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermy","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224368,"text":"5224368 - 2003 - Effects of fat reserves on annual apparent survival of blackbirds Turdus merula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-08T17:45:05.037666","indexId":"5224368","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:48","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fat reserves on annual apparent survival of blackbirds Turdus merula","docAbstract":"

1. Fat reserves are stored energy that may help birds survive periods of harsh winter weather. This hypothesis predicts that annual apparent survival is higher for birds with large fat reserves than for birds with few or no fat reserves in winter. 2. Blackbirds (Turdus merula Linnaeus) were ringed in central Italy from 16 November to 20 February during 1990-2001. Fat scores were recorded for each bird. We used these capture-mark-recapture data for 1703 blackbirds to estimate the effect of large fat reserves on annual apparent survival, while controlling for transients, using computer programs SURVIV and MARK. Probability of birds retaining large fat reserves, or retaining few fat reserves, over 2 successive years was also estimated. 3. Birds with large fat reserves did not have higher estimated annual apparent survival than birds with few fat reserves (φ̂large = φ̂few = 0.595, SE = 0.043), inconsistent with our prediction. No effects of age, sex or year were detected on annual apparent survival. Birds with few fat reserves in any given year tended to have few fat reserves the following year (ψ̂few→large = 0.332, SE = 0.052). Birds with large fat reserves in any given year were unlikely to have large fat reserves the next year (ψ̂large→few = 0.585, SE = 0.080). 4. Large fat reserves may not increase annual survival of blackbirds wintering in central Italy. Winter weather in our study area may be too mild to effect survival. Alternatively, increased predation risk associated with large fat reserves may counteract any benefits of reduced starvation risk.

","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00678.x","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., Aradis, A., and Landucci, G., 2003, Effects of fat reserves on annual apparent survival of blackbirds Turdus merula: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 72, no. 1, p. 127-132, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00678.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"132","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00678.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db615604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M.W.","contributorId":57012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aradis, A.","contributorId":93168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aradis","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landucci, G.","contributorId":65588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224367,"text":"5224367 - 2003 - Annual survival and recruitment in a Ruby-throated Hummingbird population, excluding the effect of transient individuals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T18:26:13.690477","indexId":"5224367","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:48","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual survival and recruitment in a Ruby-throated Hummingbird population, excluding the effect of transient individuals","docAbstract":"

We estimated annual apparent survival, recruitment, and rate of population growth of breeding Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris), while controlling for transients, by using 18 years of capture-mark-recapture data collected during 1984-2001 at Hilton Pond Center for Piedmont Natural History near York, South Carolina. Resident males had lower apparent survival (0.30 ± 0.05 SE) than females (0.43 ± 0.04). Estimates of apparent survival did not differ by age. Point estimates suggested that newly banded males were less likely than females to be residents, but standard errors of these estimates overlapped (males: 0.60 ± 0.14 SE; females: 0.67 ± 0.09). Estimated female recruitment was 0.60 ± 0.06 SE, meaning that 60% of adult females present in any given year had entered the population during the previous year. Our estimate for rate of change indicated the population of female hummingbirds was stable during the study period (1.04 ± 0.04 SE). We suggest an annual goal of ≥64 adult females and ≥64 immature females released per banding area to enable rigorous future tests for effects of covariates on population dynamics. Development of a broader cooperating network of hummingbird banders in eastern North America could allow tests for regional or metapopulation dynamics in this species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[54:ASARIR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hilton, B., and Miller, M., 2003, Annual survival and recruitment in a Ruby-throated Hummingbird population, excluding the effect of transient individuals: Condor, v. 105, no. 1, p. 54-62, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[54:ASARIR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[54:asarir]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b817","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hilton, B.","contributorId":24883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilton","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M.W.","contributorId":57012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224280,"text":"5224280 - 2003 - Use of North American Breeding Bird Survey data to estimate population change for bird conservation regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T12:30:51","indexId":"5224280","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:46","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of North American Breeding Bird Survey data to estimate population change for bird conservation regions","docAbstract":"

Conservation planning requires information at a variety of geographic scales, and it is often unclear whether surveys designed for other purposes will provide appropriate information for management at various scales. We evaluated the use of the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) to meet information needs for conservation planning in Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs). The BBS originally was developed to provide regional estimates for states, provinces, physiographic regions, and larger areas. Many analyses have used physiographic regions within states/provinces as strata. We evaluated potential consequences of using BCRs instead of the BBS physiographic regions, testing for spatial differences in sample intensity within states and provinces. We reclassified the BBS survey routes to BCRs and conducted route regression trend (interval-specific population change) analyses for a variety of regions and time intervals. Our results were similar to those based on traditional BBS regions and suggest minimal consequences of the reclassification for the BBS sample. We summarized population change within BCRs and assessed the efficiency of the BBS in estimating population change for 421 species surveyed. As would be expected from an omnibus survey, many species appeared to be poorly monitored by the BBS, with 42% of species encountered at <1 bird per route from the survey, and 28% of trend estimates too imprecise to detect a 3% per year change over 35 years. Our results indicated that the quality of the survey for estimation of population change varied among BCRs. Population trends of species were heterogeneous over space and time, varying among BCRs for 76% of species and over time for 39% of species. Regional heterogeneity also existed in trends of species groups from the BBS. While 49% of all species in the survey had increasing populations, grassland breeding birds showed consistent declines, with only 18% of species having positive trend estimates. Bird Conservation Regions appear to provide reasonable strata for summary of BBS data.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802778","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., Fallon, J.E., and Johnson, R., 2003, Use of North American Breeding Bird Survey data to estimate population change for bird conservation regions: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 67, no. 2, p. 372-389, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802778.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"372","endPage":"389","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dff35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, Jane E. jefallon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"Jane","email":"jefallon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":341140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Rex","contributorId":104374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Rex","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224275,"text":"5224275 - 2003 - Estimating natal dispersal movement rates of female European ducks with multistate modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-08T17:48:25.237273","indexId":"5224275","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:46","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating natal dispersal movement rates of female European ducks with multistate modelling","docAbstract":"

1. We used up to 34 years of capture-recapture data from about 22 100 new releases of day-old female ducklings and multistate modelling to test predictions about the influence of environmental, habitat and management factors on natal dispersal probability of three species of ducks within the Engure Marsh, Latvia. 2. The mean natal dispersal distances were very similar (c. 0.6-0.7 km) for all three species and were on average 2.7 times greater than breeding dispersal distances recorded within the same study system. 3. We were unable to confirm the kinship hypothesis and found no evidence that young first-nesting females nested closer to their relatives (either mother or sister) than to the natal nest. 4. Young female northern shovelers, like adults, moved from small islands to the large island when water level was high and vice versa when water level was low before the construction of elevated small islands. Movement probabilities between the two strata were much higher for young shovelers than adults, suggesting that young birds had not yet developed strong fidelity to the natal site. Movements of young female tufted ducks, unlike those of shovelers, were not dependent on water level fluctuations and reflected substantial flexibility in choice of first nesting sites. 5. Data for young birds supported our earlier conclusion that common pochard nesting habitats in black-headed gull colonies were saturated during the entire study period. Young females, like the two adult age groups, moved into and out of colonies with similar probability. Fidelity probability of female pochards to each stratum increased with age, being the lowest (0.62) for young (DK) females, intermediate (0.78) for yearlings (SY) and the highest (0.84) for adult (ASY) females. 6. Young female tufted ducks, like adults, showed higher probabilities of moving from islands to emergent marshes when water levels were higher both before and after habitat management. The relationship between the spring water levels and movement was much weaker for young females than for adults. 7. Young female diving ducks exhibited much stronger (compared to adults) asymmetric movement with respect to proximity to water, with higher movement probabilities to near-water locations than away from these locations. 8. Local survival of day-old ducklings during the first year of life was time-specific and very low (means for different strata/states 0.01-0.08) because of high rates of emigration and prefledging mortality.

","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00774.x","usgsCitation":"Blums, P., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Lindberg, M.S., and Mednis, A., 2003, Estimating natal dispersal movement rates of female European ducks with multistate modelling: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 72, no. 6, p. 1027-1042, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00774.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1042","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00774.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blums, Peter","contributorId":25652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blums","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindberg, M. S.","contributorId":94413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mednis, Aivars","contributorId":73695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mednis","given":"Aivars","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224258,"text":"5224258 - 2003 - On the use of attractor dimension as a feature in structural health monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:11","indexId":"5224258","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2706,"text":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the use of attractor dimension as a feature in structural health monitoring","docAbstract":"Recent works in the vibration-based structural health monitoring community have emphasised the use of correlation dimension as a discriminating statistic in seperating a damaged from undamaged response. This paper explores the utility of attractor dimension as a 'feature' and offers some comparisons between different metrics reflecting dimension. This focus is on evaluating the performance of two different measures of dimension as damage indicators in a structural health monitoring context. Results indicate that the correlation dimension is probably a poor choice of statistic for the purpose of signal discrimination. Other measures of dimension may be used for the same purposes with a higher degree of statistical reliability. The question of competing methodologies is placed in a hypothesis testing framework and answered with experimental data taken from a cantilivered beam.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/mssp.2002.1521","collaboration":"6082_Nichols.pdf","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Virgin, L., Todd, M., and Nichols, J., 2003, On the use of attractor dimension as a feature in structural health monitoring: Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1305-1320, https://doi.org/10.1006/mssp.2002.1521.","productDescription":"1305-1320","startPage":"1305","endPage":"1320","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17208,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mssp.2002.1521","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691a58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.M.","contributorId":18080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Virgin, L.N.","contributorId":85287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Virgin","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Todd, M.D.","contributorId":82015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224248,"text":"5224248 - 2003 - Timing of autumn bird migration under climate change: advances in long–distance migrants, delays in short–distance migrants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T18:53:03.888013","indexId":"5224248","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing of autumn bird migration under climate change: advances in long–distance migrants, delays in short–distance migrants","docAbstract":"

As a response to increasing spring temperature in temperate regions in recent years, populations of many plant and animal species, including migratory birds, have advanced the seasonal start of their reproduction or growth. However, the effects of climate changes on subsequent events of the annual cycle remain poorly understood. We investigated long–term changes in the timing of autumn migration in birds, a key event in the annual cycle limiting the reproductive period. Using data spanning a 42–year period, we analysed long–term changes in the passage of 65 species of migratory birds through Western Europe. The autumn passage of migrants wintering south of the Sahara has advanced in recent years, presumably as a result of selection pressure to cross the Sahel before its seasonal dry period. In contrast, migrants wintering north of the Sahara have delayed autumn passage. In addition, species with a variable rather than a fixed number of broods per year have delayed passage, possibly because they are free to attempt more broods. Recent climate changes seem to have a simple unidirectional effect on the seasonal onset of reproduction, but complex and opposing effects on the timing of subsequent events in the annual cycle, depending on the ecology and life history of a species. This complicates predictions of overall effects of global warming on avian communities.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Royalty Society","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2003.2394","usgsCitation":"Jenni, L., and Kery, M., 2003, Timing of autumn bird migration under climate change: advances in long–distance migrants, delays in short–distance migrants: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 270, no. 1523, p. 1467-1471, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2394.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1467","endPage":"1471","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1691393","text":"External Repository"},{"id":388327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Western Europe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -15.205078125,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n 18.720703125,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n 18.720703125,\n 62.87518837993307\n ],\n [\n -15.205078125,\n 62.87518837993307\n ],\n [\n -15.205078125,\n 36.03133177633187\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"270","issue":"1523","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenni, L.","contributorId":35433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenni","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224260,"text":"5224260 - 2003 - Estimating site occupancy, colonization, and local extinction when a species is detected imperfectly","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-30T09:36:19","indexId":"5224260","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating site occupancy, colonization, and local extinction when a species is detected imperfectly","docAbstract":"

Few species are likely to be so evident that they will always be detected when present. Failing to allow for the possibility that a target species was present, but undetected, at a site will lead to biased estimates of site occupancy, colonization, and local extinction probabilities. These population vital rates are often of interest in long-term monitoring programs and metapopulation studies. We present a model that enables direct estimation of these parameters when the probability of detecting the species is less than 1. The model does not require any assumptions of process stationarity, as do some previous methods, but does require detection/nondetection data to be collected in a manner similar to Pollock's robust design as used in mark?recapture studies. Via simulation, we show that the model provides good estimates of parameters for most scenarios considered. We illustrate the method with data from monitoring programs of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in northern California and tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) in Minnesota, USA.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of American","doi":"10.1890/02-3090","usgsCitation":"MacKenzie, D., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Knutson, M.G., and Franklin, A., 2003, Estimating site occupancy, colonization, and local extinction when a species is detected imperfectly: Ecology, v. 84, no. 8, p. 2200-2207, https://doi.org/10.1890/02-3090.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2200","endPage":"2207","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201970,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc943","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKenzie, D.I.","contributorId":69522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Franklin, A.B.","contributorId":105667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224247,"text":"5224247 - 2003 - Estimation of ocelot density in the pantanal using capture-recapture analysis of camera-trapping data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T17:09:30.055648","indexId":"5224247","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of ocelot density in the pantanal using capture-recapture analysis of camera-trapping data","docAbstract":"

Neotropical felids such as the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) are secretive, and it is difficult to estimate their populations using conventional methods such as radiotelemetry or sign surveys. We show that recognition of individual ocelots from camera-trapping photographs is possible, and we use camera-trapping results combined with closed population capture-recapture models to estimate density of ocelots in the Brazilian Pantanal. We estimated the area from which animals were camera trapped at 17.71 km2. A model with constant capture probability yielded an estimate of 10 independent ocelots in our study area, which translates to a density of 2.82 independent individuals for every 5 km2 (SE 1.00).

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0607:EOODIT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Trolle, M., and Kery, M., 2003, Estimation of ocelot density in the pantanal using capture-recapture analysis of camera-trapping data: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 84, no. 2, p. 607-614, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0607:EOODIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"614","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388277,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trolle, M.","contributorId":28692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trolle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224239,"text":"5224239 - 2003 - Normality of raw data in general linear models: The most widespread myth in statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-02T10:36:54","indexId":"5224239","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1121,"text":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Normality of raw data in general linear models: The most widespread myth in statistics","docAbstract":"In years of statistical consulting for ecologists and wildlife biologists, by far the most common misconception we have come across has been the one about normality in general linear models. These comprise a very large part of the statistical models used in ecology and include t tests, simple and multiple linear regression, polynomial regression, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance (ANCOVA). There is a widely held belief that the normality assumption pertains to the raw data rather than to the model residuals. We suspect that this error may also occur in countless published studies, whenever the normality assumption is tested prior to analysis. This may lead to the use of nonparametric alternatives (if there are any), when parametric tests would indeed be appropriate, or to use of transformations of raw data, which may introduce hidden assumptions such as multiplicative effects on the natural scale in the case of log-transformed data. Our aim here is to dispel this myth. We very briefly describe relevant theory for two cases of general linear models to show that the residuals need to be normally distributed if tests requiring normality are to be used, such as t and F tests. We then give two examples demonstrating that the distribution of the response variable may be nonnormal, and yet the residuals are well behaved. We do not go into the issue of how to test normality; instead we display the distributions of response variables and residuals graphically.","language":"English","doi":"10.1890/0012-9623(2003)84[92:NORDIG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., and Hatfield, J.S., 2003, Normality of raw data in general linear models: The most widespread myth in statistics: Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v. 84, no. 2, p. 92-94, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2003)84[92:NORDIG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2003)84[92:nordig]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":195897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":" 84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696e40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, Marc","contributorId":168361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kery","given":"Marc","affiliations":[{"id":12551,"text":"Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":341001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":95187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224240,"text":"5224240 - 2003 - Estimating rates of local extinction and colonization in colonial species and an extension to the metapopulation and community levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T17:58:29.565134","indexId":"5224240","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating rates of local extinction and colonization in colonial species and an extension to the metapopulation and community levels","docAbstract":"

Coloniality has mainly been studied from an evolutionary perspective, but relatively few studies have developed methods for modelling colony dynamics. Changes in number of colonies over time provide a useful tool for predicting and evaluating the responses of colonial species to management and to environmental disturbance. Probabilistic Markov process models have been recently used to estimate colony site dynamics using presence–absence data when all colonies are detected in sampling efforts. Here, we define and develop two general approaches for the modelling and analysis of colony dynamics for sampling situations in which all colonies are, and are not, detected. For both approaches, we develop a general probabilistic model for the data and then constrain model parameters based on various hypotheses about colony dynamics. We use Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to assess the adequacy of the constrained models. The models are parameterised with conditional probabilities of local colony site extinction and colonization. Presence–absence data arising from Pollock's robust capture–recapture design provide the basis for obtaining unbiased estimates of extinction, colonization, and detection probabilities when not all colonies are detected. This second approach should be particularly useful in situations where detection probabilities are heterogeneous among colony sites. The general methodology is illustrated using presence–absence data on two species of herons. Estimates of the extinction and colonization rates showed interspecific differences and strong temporal and spatial variations. We were also able to test specific predictions about colony dynamics based on ideas about habitat change and metapopulation dynamics. We recommend estimators based on probabilistic modelling for future work on colony dynamics. We also believe that this methodological framework has wide application to problems in animal ecology concerning metapopulation and community dynamics.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12055.x","usgsCitation":"Barbraud, C., Nichols, J., Hines, J., and Hafner, H., 2003, Estimating rates of local extinction and colonization in colonial species and an extension to the metapopulation and community levels: Oikos, v. 101, no. 1, p. 113-126, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12055.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc993","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbraud, C.","contributorId":86077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbraud","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hafner, H.","contributorId":12803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafner","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224243,"text":"5224243 - 2003 - Adjusting multistate capture-recapture models for misclassification bias: manatee breeding proportions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224243","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adjusting multistate capture-recapture models for misclassification bias: manatee breeding proportions","docAbstract":"Matrix population models are important tools for research and management of populations. Estimating the parameters of these models is an important step in applying them to real populations. Multistate capture-recapture methods have provided a useful means for estimating survival and parameters of transition between locations or life history states but have mostly relied on the assumption that the state occupied by each detected animal is known with certainty. Nevertheless, in some cases animals can be misclassified. Using multiple capture sessions within each period of interest, we developed a method that adjusts estimates of transition probabilities for bias due to misclassification. We applied this method to 10 years of sighting data for a population of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in order to estimate the annual probability of transition from nonbreeding to breeding status. Some sighted females were unequivocally classified as breeders because they were clearly accompanied by a first-year calf. The remainder were classified, sometimes erroneously, as nonbreeders because an attendant first-year calf was not observed or was classified as more than one year old. We estimated a conditional breeding probability of 0.31 + 0.04 (estimate + 1 SE) when we ignored misclassification bias, and 0.61 + 0.09 when we accounted for misclassification.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6053 Kendall.pdf","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W., Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 2003, Adjusting multistate capture-recapture models for misclassification bias: manatee breeding proportions: Ecology, v. 84, no. 4, p. 1058-1066.","productDescription":"1058-1066","startPage":"1058","endPage":"1066","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17148,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084%5B1058%3AAMCMFM%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"84","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698eab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224233,"text":"5224233 - 2003 - Factors affecting breeding dispersal of European ducks on Engure Marsh, Latvia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-08T17:54:12.472374","indexId":"5224233","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting breeding dispersal of European ducks on Engure Marsh, Latvia","docAbstract":"

1. We used up to 35 years of capture-recapture data from nearly 3300 individual female ducks nesting on Engure Marsh, Latvia, and multistate modelling to test predictions about the influence of environmental, habitat and management factors on breeding dispersal probability within the marsh. 2. Analyses based on observed dispersal distances of common pochards and tufted ducks provided no evidence that breeding success in year t influenced dispersal distance between t and t + 1. 3. Breeding dispersal distances (year t to t + 1) of pochards and tufted ducks were associated with a delay in relative nest initiation dates in year t + 1. The delay was greater for pochards (c. 4 days) than for tufted ducks (c. 2 days) when females dispersed > 0.8 km. 4. Northern shovelers and tufted ducks moved from a large island to small islands at low water levels and from small islands to the large island at high water levels before the construction of elevated small islands (1960-82). Following this habitat management (1983-94), breeding fidelity was extremely high and not influenced by water level in the marsh for either species. 5. Because pochard nesting habitats in black-headed gull colonies were saturated during the entire study period, nesting females moved into and out of colonies with similar probabilities. Local survival probabilities and incubation body masses were higher for both yearlings (SY) and adults (ASY) nesting within gull colonies, suggesting that these females were of better quality than females nesting outside of the colonies. 6. Tufted ducks showed higher probabilities of moving from islands to emergent marshes when water levels were higher both before and after habitat management. However, rates of movement for a given water level were higher during the period before management than after. 7. Both pochards and tufted ducks exhibited asymmetric movement with respect to proximity to water, with higher movement probabilities to near-water nesting locations than away from these locations. 8. Multistate capture-recapture models provided analyses that were useful in investigating sources of variation in breeding dispersal probabilities.

","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00698.x","usgsCitation":"Blums, P., Nichols, J., Lindberg, M.S., Hines, J., and Mednis, A., 2003, Factors affecting breeding dispersal of European ducks on Engure Marsh, Latvia: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 72, no. 2, p. 292-307, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00698.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"307","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00698.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blums, Peter","contributorId":25652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blums","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindberg, M. S.","contributorId":94413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mednis, Aivars","contributorId":73695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mednis","given":"Aivars","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224234,"text":"5224234 - 2003 - Effects of life-state on detectability in a demographic study of the terrestrial orchid Cleistes bifaria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-08T18:42:08.756109","indexId":"5224234","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of life-state on detectability in a demographic study of the terrestrial orchid Cleistes bifaria","title":"Effects of life-state on detectability in a demographic study of the terrestrial orchid Cleistes bifaria","docAbstract":"

1. Most plant demographic studies follow marked individuals in permanent plots. Plots tend to be small, so detectability is assumed to be one for every individual. However, detectability could be affected by factors such as plant traits, time, space, observer, previous detection, biotic interactions, and especially by life-state. 2. We used a double-observer survey and closed population capture-recapture modelling to estimate state-specific detectability of the orchid Cleistes bifaria in a long-term study plot of 41.2 m2. Based on AICc model selection, detectability was different for each life-state and for tagged vs. previously untagged plants. There were no differences in detectability between the two observers. 3. Detectability estimates (SE) for one-leaf vegetative, two-leaf vegetative, and flowering/fruiting states correlated with mean size of these states and were 0.76 (0.05), 0.92 (0.06), and 1 (0.00), respectively, for previously tagged plants, and 0.84 (0.08), 0.75 (0.22), and 0 (0.00), respectively, for previously untagged plants. (We had insufficient data to obtain a satisfactory estimate of previously untagged flowering plants). 4. Our estimates are for a medium-sized plant in a small and intensively surveyed plot. It is possible that detectability is even lower for larger plots and smaller plants or smaller life-states (e.g. seedlings) and that detectabilities < I are widespread in plant demographic studies. 5. State-dependent detectabilities are especially worrying since they will lead to a size- or state-biased sample from the study plot. Failure to incorporate detectability into demographic estimation methods introduces a bias into most estimates of population parameters such as fecundity, recruitment, mortality, and transition rates between life-states. We illustrate this by a simple example using a matrix model, where a hypothetical population was stable but, due to imperfect detection, wrongly projected to be declining at a rate of 8% per year. 6. Almost all plant demographic studies are based on models for discrete states. State and size are important predictors both for demographic rates and detectability. We suggest that even in studies based on small plots, state- or size-specific detectability should be estimated at least at some point to avoid biased inference about the dynamics of the population sampled.

","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00759.x","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., and Gregg, K., 2003, Effects of life-state on detectability in a demographic study of the terrestrial orchid Cleistes bifaria: Journal of Ecology, v. 91, no. 2, p. 265-273, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00759.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"273","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00759.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611cb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregg, K.B.","contributorId":34224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224241,"text":"5224241 - 2003 - Science deficiency in conservation practice: the monitoring of tiger populations in India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224241","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Science deficiency in conservation practice: the monitoring of tiger populations in India","docAbstract":"Conservation practices are supposed to get refined by advancing scientific knowledge. We study this phenomenon in the context of monitoring tiger populations in India, by evaluating the 'pugmark census method' employed by wildlife managers for three decades. We use an analytical framework of modem animal population sampling to test the efficacy of the pugmark censuses using scientific data on tigers and our field observations. We identify three critical goals for monitoring tiger populations, in order of increasing sophistication: (1) distribution mapping, (2) tracking relative abundance, (3) estimation of absolute abundance. We demonstrate that the present census-based paradigm does not work because it ignores the first two simpler goals, and targets, but fails to achieve, the most difficult third goal. We point out the utility and ready availability of alternative monitoring paradigms that deal with the central problems of spatial sampling and observability. We propose an alternative sampling-based approach that can be tailored to meet practical needs of tiger monitoring at different levels of refinement.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S1367943003003184","collaboration":"6051_Karanth.pdf","usgsCitation":"Karanth, K.U., Nichols, J., Seidensticker, J., Dinerstein, E., Smith, J., McDougal, C., Johnsingh, A., Chundawat, R.S., and Thapar, V., 2003, Science deficiency in conservation practice: the monitoring of tiger populations in India: Animal Conservation, v. 6, no. 2, p. 141-146, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943003003184.","productDescription":"141-146","startPage":"141","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478323,"rank":201,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1367943003003184","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17147,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1367943003003184","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karanth, K. U.","contributorId":23645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seidensticker, J.","contributorId":65202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seidensticker","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dinerstein, Eric","contributorId":59920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinerstein","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, J.L.D.","contributorId":18480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McDougal, C.","contributorId":64769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnsingh, A.J.T.","contributorId":51882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnsingh","given":"A.J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chundawat, Raghunandan S.","contributorId":81607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chundawat","given":"Raghunandan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thapar, V.","contributorId":90429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thapar","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":5224160,"text":"5224160 - 2003 - Ranking terrestrial vertebrate species for utility in biomonitoring and vulnerability to environmental contaminants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T23:46:03.545564","indexId":"5224160","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:41","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ranking terrestrial vertebrate species for utility in biomonitoring and vulnerability to environmental contaminants","docAbstract":"

The measurement of contaminant tissue concentrations or exposure-related effects in biota has been used extensively to monitor pollution and environmental health. Terrestrial vertebrates have historically been an important group of species in such evaluations, not only because many are excellent sentinels of environmental contamination, but also because they are valued natural resources in their own right that may be adversely affected by toxicant exposure. Selection of appropriate vertebrates for biomonitoring studies frequently relies on expert opinion, although a few rigorous schemes are in use for predicting vulnerability of birds to the adverse effects of petroleum crude oil. A Utility Index that ranks terrestrial vertebrate species as potential sentinels of contaminants in a region, and a Vulnerability Index that assesses the threat of specific groups of contaminants to these species, have been developed to assist decision makers in risk assessments of persistent organic pollutants, cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides, petroleum crude oil, mercury, and lead shot. Twenty-five terrestrial vertebrate species commonly found in Atlantic Coast estuarine habitat (Rattner et al. 2001a) were ranked for their utility as biomonitors of contamination and their vulnerability to pollutants in this region. No single species, taxa, or class of vertebrates was found to be an ideal sentinel for all groups of contaminants. Although birds have overwhelmingly been used to monitor contaminants compared to other terrestrial vertebrate classes, the nonmigratory nature and dietary habits of the snapping turtle and mink consistently resulted in ranking these species as excellent sentinels as well. Vulnerability of Atlantic Coast populations of these species varied considerably among groups of contaminants. Usually a particular species was found to be at high risk to only one or two groups of contaminants, although a noteworthy exception is the bald eagle, which is highly vulnerable to all five of the contaminant groups examined. This index could be further enhanced by generation of additional comparative toxicity data to facilitate interspecific extrapolations. The Utility and Vulnerability Indices have application to many types of habitats in addition to estuaries and are of value to natural resource and risk managers that routinely conduct local, regional, or national environmental quality assessments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4899-7283-5_2","usgsCitation":"Golden, N.H., and Rattner, B., 2003, Ranking terrestrial vertebrate species for utility in biomonitoring and vulnerability to environmental contaminants: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 176, p. 67-136, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7283-5_2.","productDescription":"70 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"176","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golden, N. H.","contributorId":55541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224216,"text":"5224216 - 2003 - Differences in distribution of modified basins and ducks relative to roadside transects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-08T09:37:41","indexId":"5224216","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:41","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in distribution of modified basins and ducks relative to roadside transects","docAbstract":"Wetland basins in the Prairie Pothole Region of the U.S. are commonly modified by excavation (e.g., roadside ditches, stock dugouts), partial drainage (ditching), and diking. Differences in the distribution of modified wetlands may affect the predictive accuracy of waterfowl survey data if such wetlands are not distributed randomly in the landscape and if waterfowl are not distributed equally among them. We used data collected on thirty-eight 40-km2 plots in North Dakota to examine the distribution of modified basins relative to roadside transects and their use by five species of dabbling ducks in 1995. The 800-m-wide transects were subdivided into an inner 400-m transect, centered on the road, and the remaining outer transect area. We compared the distribution of modified and natural wetland basins among three sample areas: 1) the inner 400-m wide roadside transect area, 2) the outer transect area, and 3) the remaining area within the 40-km2 plot that was outside of the transects (outer plot). Duck use was compared between the two transect areas. The plots contained 20,582 basins, of which 88.5% were unmodified, 7.5% were excavated, 3.7% were partially drained, and 0.2% were diked. Nearly all excavated temporary (89%) and seasonal (90%) basins occurred in the inner transect area, reflecting the high proportion of basins that would be defined as roadside ditches. Excavated semipermanent basins were more evenly distributed among the outer plot and two transect widths; these basins often were dugouts but also included roadside ditches. Partially drained and diked basins also were fairly evenly distributed among the three sample areas. Semipermanent basins had greater use by mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and northern pintails (A. acuta) when they were partially drained than when they were excavated or unmodified; pintails also had greater use of partially drained seasonal basins. Use of wetland basins by gadwall (A. strepera), blue-winged teal (A. discors), and northern shovelers (A. clypeata) did not differ among water regimes or modification. We found no evidence to indicate that duck numbers determined from standard 400-m-wide roadside transects were biased relative to the larger landscape. However, pond counts derived from such transects were biased. Correlations of duck numbers to pond counts that exclude ditches or temporary basins would poorly reflect the response of ducks to available water.","language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0140:DIDOMB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., Guntenspergen, G.R., Sklebar, H.T., and Buhl, T., 2003, Differences in distribution of modified basins and ducks relative to roadside transects: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 1, p. 140-148, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0140:DIDOMB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"148","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686414","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, Jane E. jaustin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sklebar, H. Thomas","contributorId":174571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sklebar","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buhl, T.K. 0000-0001-9909-3419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-3419","contributorId":83473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"T.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224231,"text":"5224231 - 2003 - Use of retrospective data to assess ecotoxicological monitoring needs for terrestrial vertebrates residing in Atlantic coast estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-28T15:54:42.6565","indexId":"5224231","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:41","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of retrospective data to assess ecotoxicological monitoring needs for terrestrial vertebrates residing in Atlantic coast estuaries","docAbstract":"

The “Contaminant Exposure and Effects–Terrestrial Vertebrates” (CEE-TV) database contains 4,336 records of ecotoxicological information for free-ranging amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals residing in Atlantic and Florida Gulf coast estuaries and their drainages. To identify spatial data gaps, those CEE-TV records for which the specific study location were known (n=2,740) were combined with watershed and wildlife management unit boundaries using Geographic Information Systems software. The US Environmental Protection Agency's Index of Watershed Indicators (IWI), which classifies watersheds based on water quality and their vulnerability to pollution, was used to prioritize these data gaps. Of 136 watersheds in the study area, 15 that are classified by the IWI as having water quality problems or high vulnerability to pollution lacked terrestrial vertebrate ecotoxicological monitoring or research in the past decade. Older studies within some of these watersheds documented high levels of contaminants in wildlife tissues. Of 90 National Wildlife Refuge units, 42 without current data fall within watersheds of concern. Of 40 National Park units larger than 1 km2, 17 without current data fall within watersheds of concern. Issues encountered in this analysis highlighted the need for spatially and temporally replicated field monitoring programs that utilize random sampling. Without data from such studies, it will be difficult to perform unbiased assessments of regional trends in contaminant exposure and effects in terrestrial vertebrates.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1022531600392","usgsCitation":"Cohen, J., Rattner, B., and Golden, N.H., 2003, Use of retrospective data to assess ecotoxicological monitoring needs for terrestrial vertebrates residing in Atlantic coast estuaries: Ecotoxicology, v. 12, no. 1-4, p. 365-375, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022531600392.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"375","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6043cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, J.B.","contributorId":29914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golden, N. H.","contributorId":55541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224366,"text":"5224366 - 2003 - Survival and recovery rates of American woodcock banded in Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T10:05:11","indexId":"5224366","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:13:22","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and recovery rates of American woodcock banded in Michigan","docAbstract":"American woodcock (Scolopax minor) population indices have declined since U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) monitoring began in 1968. Management to stop and/or reverse this population trend has been hampered by the lack of recent information on woodcock population parameters. Without recent information on survival rate trends, managers have had to assume that the recent declines in recruitment indices are the only parameter driving woodcock declines. Using program MARK, we estimated annual survival and recovery rates of adult and juvenile American woodcock, and estimated summer survival of local (young incapable of sustained flight) woodcock banded in Michigan between 1978 and 1998. We constructed a set of candidate models from a global model with age (local, juvenile, adult) and time (year)-dependent survival and recovery rates to no age or time-dependent survival and recovery rates. Five models were supported by the data, with all models suggesting that survival rates differed among age classes, and 4 models had survival rates that were constant over time. The fifth model suggested that juvenile and adult survival rates were linear on a logit scale over time. Survival rates averaged over likelihood-weighted model results were 0.8784 +/- 0.1048 (SE) for locals, 0.2646 +/- 0.0423 (SE) for juveniles, and 0.4898 +/- 0.0329 (SE) for adults. Weighted average recovery rates were 0.0326 +/- 0.0053 (SE) for juveniles and 0.0313 +/- 0.0047 (SE) for adults. Estimated differences between our survival estimates and those from prior years were small, and our confidence around those differences was variable and uncertain. juvenile survival rates were low. ","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802780","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D.G., Hines, J., and Luukkonen, D., 2003, Survival and recovery rates of American woodcock banded in Michigan: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 67, no. 2, p. 398-407, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802780.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"398","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, David G. 0000-0002-5661-4541 dkrementz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4541","contributorId":2827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"dkrementz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luukkonen, David R.","contributorId":111336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211207,"text":"5211207 - 2003 - Animal species endangerment: The role of environmental pollution","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5211207,"text":"5211207 - 2003 - Animal species endangerment: The role of environmental pollution","indexId":"5211207","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"45","title":"Animal species endangerment: The role of environmental pollution"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5200177,"text":"5200177 - 2003 - Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition","indexId":"5200177","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5200177,"text":"5200177 - 2003 - Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition","indexId":"5200177","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T16:22:10","indexId":"5211207","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"45","title":"Animal species endangerment: The role of environmental pollution","docAbstract":"

Multiple factors contribute to the decline of species. Habitat destruction is the primary factor that threatens species. affecting 73 % of endangered species. The second major factor causing species decline is the introduction of nonnative species. affecting 68% of endangered species. Pollution and overharvesting were identified as impacting, respectively, 38 and 15% of endangered species. Other factors affecting species decline include hybridization, competition, disease, and other interspecific interactions. Once a species is reduced to a remnant of its former population size and distribution, its vulnerability to catastrophic pollution events increases, frequently exceeding or replacing the factors responsible for the initial decline. Small, isolated populations are particularly vulnerable to catastrophic loss by an acute event. such as a chemical spill or pesticide application. However, when it comes to surviving a single disaster, widespread subpopulations of a species are far more resilient and ensure genetic survival. Hypothesizing theoretical concerns of potential factors that could affect an endangered species could predispose the scientific and political communities to jeopardizing threats. The user of recovery plans as a data source must be aware of the bias within the data set. These data should be used with the caveat that the source of information in recovery plans is not always based on scientific research and rigorous data collection. Over 58% of the information identifying species threats is based on estimates or personal communication. while only 42% is based on peer reviewed literature, academic research. or government reports. Many recovery plans were written when a species was initially listed in the 1970s or 1980s. Politics, human disturbance, and habitat demand issues evolve over a 20- to 30-year period. leaving much of the threats facing endangered species outdated and inadequate. These data are most valuable when used to facilitate reviews of Section 7 consultations and environmental impact statements, review permit applications, conduct environmental risk assessments, prioritize research needs. and identify limiting factors affecting species health. These data are also useful in identifying potential threats to species' health. Without properly identifying threats to endangered species based on sound. scientific research. there is little hope to successfully recover an endangered species.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Lewis Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","doi":"10.1201/9781420032505.ch45","isbn":"1-56670-546-0","usgsCitation":"Pattee, O.H., Fellows, V.L., and Bounds, D.L., 2003, Animal species endangerment: The role of environmental pollution, chap. 45 of Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition, p. 1237-1251, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420032505.ch45.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1237","endPage":"1251","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bf23","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":507776,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":507775,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, G. Allen Jr.","contributorId":111752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507777,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cairns, John Jr.","contributorId":111897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cairns","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507778,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Pattee, Oliver H.","contributorId":45412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattee","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellows, Valerie L.","contributorId":37454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fellows","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bounds, Dixie L.","contributorId":9198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bounds","given":"Dixie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211218,"text":"5211218 - 2003 - Estimation of change in populations and communities from monitoring survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5211218","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Estimation of change in populations and communities from monitoring survey data","docAbstract":"Monitoring surveys provide fundamental information for use in environmental decision making by permitting assessment of both current population (or community) status and change in status, by providing a historical context of the present status, and by documenting response to ongoing management. Conservation of species and communities has historically been based upon monitoring information, and prioritization of species and habitats for conservation action often requires reliable, quantitative results. Although many monitoring programs exist for populations, species, and communities, as well as for biotic and abiotic features of the environment, estimation of population and community change from surveys can sometimes be controversial, and demands on monitoring information have increased greatly in recent years. Information is often required at multiple spatial scales for use in geographic information systems, and information needs exist for description of regional patterns of change in populations, communities, and ecosystems. Often, attempts are made to meet these needs using information collected for other purposes or at inappropriate geographic scales, leading to information that is difficult to analyze and interpret. In this chapter, we address some of the constraints and issues associated with estimating change in wildlife species and species groups from monitoring surveys, and use bird surveys as our primary examples. ","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monitoring ecosystems: interdisciplinary approaches for evaluating ecoregional initiatives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Island Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","collaboration":"OCLC: 50694789 PDF on file: 6028_Sauer.pdf","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., Link, W., and Nichols, J., 2003, Estimation of change in populations and communities from monitoring survey data, chap. of Monitoring ecosystems: interdisciplinary approaches for evaluating ecoregional initiatives, p. 227-253.","productDescription":"xix, 447","startPage":"227","endPage":"253","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e775d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Busch, David E. dave_busch@usgs.gov","contributorId":3392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"David","email":"dave_busch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":507812,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trexler, Joel C.","contributorId":36267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trexler","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":507813,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211198,"text":"5211198 - 2003 - Bioindicators of contaminant exposure and effect in aquatic and terrestrial monitoring","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5211198,"text":"5211198 - 2003 - Bioindicators of contaminant exposure and effect in aquatic and terrestrial monitoring","indexId":"5211198","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"11","title":"Bioindicators of contaminant exposure and effect in aquatic and terrestrial monitoring"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5200177,"text":"5200177 - 2003 - Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition","indexId":"5200177","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5200177,"text":"5200177 - 2003 - Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition","indexId":"5200177","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T15:49:17","indexId":"5211198","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"11","title":"Bioindicators of contaminant exposure and effect in aquatic and terrestrial monitoring","docAbstract":"Bioindicators of contaminant exposure presently used in environmental monitoring arc discussed. Some have been extensively field-validated and arc already in routine application. Included are (1) inhibition of brain or blood cholinesterase by anticholinesterase pesticides, (2) induction of hepatic microsomal cytochromes P450 by chemicals such as PAHs and PCBs, (3) reproductive problems such as terata and eggshell thinning, and (4) aberrations of hemoglobin synthesis, including the effects of lead and of certain chlorinated hydrocarbons. Many studies on DNA damage and of histopathological effects, particularly in the form of tumors, have already been completed. There are presently numerous other opportunities for field validation. Bile metabolites of contaminants in fish reveal exposure to contaminants that might otherwise be difficult to detect or quantify. Bile analysis is beginning to be extended to species other than fishes. Assessment of oxidative damage and immune competence appear to be valuable biomarkers. needing only additional field validation for wider use. The use of metallothioneins as biomarkers depends on the development of convenient, inexpensive methodology that provides information not available from measurements of metal ions. The use of stress proteins as biomarkers depends on development of convenient, inexpensive methodology and field validation. Gene arrays and proteomics hold promise as bioindicators for contaminant exposure or effect, particularly because of the large amount of data that could be generated, but they still need extensive development and testing.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Lewis Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","doi":"10.1201/9781420032505.ch11","isbn":"1-56670-546-0","usgsCitation":"Melancon, M.J., 2003, Bioindicators of contaminant exposure and effect in aquatic and terrestrial monitoring, chap. 11 of Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition, p. 257-278, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420032505.ch11.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623602","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":507740,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":507739,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, G. Allen Jr.","contributorId":111752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507741,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cairns, John Jr.","contributorId":111897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cairns","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507742,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Melancon, Mark J.","contributorId":21918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200279,"text":"5200279 - 2003 - Behavioral profiles of the captive juvenile whooping crane (Grus americana) as an indicator of reintroduction behavior and survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5200279","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Behavioral profiles of the captive juvenile whooping crane (Grus americana) as an indicator of reintroduction behavior and survival","docAbstract":"Predation by bobcats (Lynx rufus) has been the greatest cause of mortality of whooping cranes (Grus americana) in the reintroduced population in Florida. This study investigated whether the behavior of juvenile cranes during captive rearing and shortly after release can be used to predict their chances of survival once released in the wild. This study also examined differences in behavior based on rearing treatments and whether differences observed during rearing continued at the release site. Experimental rearing treatments were parent reared (PR), hand reared (RR), and hand reared with exercise (HRE). Two annual cycles of cranes were observed from hatch to 20 weeks of age in captivity (n=56 birds). Post-release bebavioral data were collected at the release site for a minimum of two weeks (n=34 birds), with mortality data collected up to one year post release (n=38 birds). Behavioral time budgets were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. Logistic regression was used to build a model to identify behaviors that were associated with first-year survival. During rearing, PR birds were the most vigilant. There were no behavioral differences between HR and HRE birds. Generally, rearing treatments had few long-term effects on the post-release behavior of the birds. The main behavioral differences during rearing and after release were the frequency of bouts and the percentage of time spent performing different behaviors. This may be attributed to foraging strategies and adaptation from captive conditions to the wild. Survival was not related to rearing treatment. Fifty-five percent of the birds survived the first year post-release based upon data pooled over two years. During rearing, the frequency of foraging bouts was positively correlated to survival. Survival was negatively correlated to the frequency of walking bouts during rearing, and release weight of the birds. These correlations accounted for 32 percent of the variability in survival. At the release site, 20 percent of post-release survival was negatively correlated with the frequency of non vigilant bouts. This study suggests that none of the rearing treatments confer a survival advantage during the first year post release, however, survival may be improved by encouraging additional foraging opportunities during rearing.","language":"English","publisher":"Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Maryland, College Park","collaboration":"OCLC: 53887105 Partially funded by Patuxent. PWRC staff, Gee, Hatfield and Vyas, on the Advisory Committee. Photocopy. UMI Dissertation Services, 2003. 22 cm","usgsCitation":"Kreger, M., 2003, Behavioral profiles of the captive juvenile whooping crane (Grus americana) as an indicator of reintroduction behavior and survival, xii, 224.","productDescription":"xii, 224","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62ba4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreger, M.D.","contributorId":25664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreger","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180960,"text":"70180960 - 2003 - A temporal study of urban development for the municipality of Anchorage, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-10T09:06:46","indexId":"70180960","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A temporal study of urban development for the municipality of Anchorage, Alaska","docAbstract":"

A land use/land cover database was produced for a portion of the Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska to document the temporal and spatial extent of urbanization to assist in the analysis of changes in impervious cover and water quality. Data were derived from black and white and color infrared aerial photography, and satellite imagery from the early 1970's to 2000 in roughly ten‐year increments. Aerial photographs and satellite data were manually interpreted to identify and map land use/land cover classes which were then entered into a geographic information system, attributed, and georeferenced to a U.S. Geological Survey topographic map base. The spatial extent of the study was 31,117 hectares. In the early 1970's, approximately 7,356 hectares (24%) of the study area were mapped as urban developed. During the 30‐year analysis period, the largest increase in urban development occurred between the late 1970's and early 1980's when urban area increased to 12,263 hectares (39%). Between 1980 and 1990, and 1990 and 2000, urban area increased to 12,762 hectares (41%), and 13,980 hectares (45%) respectively. Most development occurred in forested or tall shrub areas, although some also occurred in wetlands. Between 1970 and 2000, close to 1,300 hectares of wetlands were lost due to development. Contrary to this, the amount of lake and pond area increased slightly from 261 hectares in 1973 to 334 hectares in 1980, and reduced to 310 hectares by 2000. The increase was primarily due to the filling in of gravel pits with spring melt water.

","language":"English","publisher":"Tayor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Hong Kong","doi":"10.1080/10106040308542278","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., 2003, A temporal study of urban development for the municipality of Anchorage, Alaska: Geocarto International, v. 18, no. 3, p. 21-33, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106040308542278.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"33","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alasak","city":"Anchorage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.9683837890625,\n 60.45450915220307\n ],\n [\n -151.9683837890625,\n 62.03956227815208\n ],\n [\n -147.7001953125,\n 62.03956227815208\n ],\n [\n -147.7001953125,\n 60.45450915220307\n ],\n [\n -151.9683837890625,\n 60.45450915220307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589edf29e4b099f50d3dc5a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl J.","contributorId":80305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209205,"text":"70209205 - 2003 - The IASPEI Seismological Software Library","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-24T07:00:28","indexId":"70209205","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-07T06:59:19","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5944,"text":"International Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"85.2","title":"The IASPEI Seismological Software Library","docAbstract":"

Since computers became widely available in the early 1960s, seismologists have been using them for data acquisition, processing, and analysis, as well as theoretical computation and modeling. For example, the book by Doornbos (1988) contains a collection of seismological algorithms with the corresponding computer programs available on tape or disk from the World Data Center A for Solid Earth Geophysics. The introduction of personal computers in the early 1980s further revolutionized the use of computers for scientific research. Instead of expensive mainframe computers that required a large staff to operate, inexpensive personal computers allowed creative applications to be implemented by individuals with a shoestring budget.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0074-6142(03)80281-4","usgsCitation":"Lee, W., 2003, The IASPEI Seismological Software Library: International Geophysics, v. 81, no. B, p. 1605-1607, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-6142(03)80281-4.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1605","endPage":"1607","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}