Waterfowl management on breeding grounds focuses on improving nest success, but few studies have compared waterfowl nest success and factors affecting nest survival along a wetland gradient and simultaneously identified nest predators. We monitored nests (n = 195) of common pochards (Aythya ferina) in Trebon Basin Biosphere Reserve, Czech Republic, during 1999–2002. Daily nest survival rates (DSRs, logistic-exposure) declined from island (0.985, 95% confidence interval, 0.978–0.991) to overwater (0.962, 0.950–0.971) and terrestrial (0.844, 0.759–0.904) nests. The most parsimonious model for DSRs included habitat class (DSRs: island > overwater > terrestrial) and nest visibility. Nest survival was improved by reduced nest visibility, increased water depth, and increased distance from the nest to habitat edge in littoral habitats. On islands, nest success increased with advancing date and increased distance to open water. A model of constant nest survival best explained the data for terrestrial nests. There were no observer effects on DSRs in any habitat. In 2003, artificial nests (n = 180; 120 contained a wax-filled egg) were deployed on study plots. The model that best explained variation in DSRs for artificial nests included only 1 variable: habitat class (DSRs: island ≥ overwater > terrestrial). Mammalian predation of artificial nests (by foxes [Vulpes vulpes] and martens [Martes spp.]) was more likely in terrestrial habitats than in littoral habitats or on islands. By contrast, corvids and marsh harriers (Circus aeruginosus) prevailed among predators of overwater and island nests. Our data indicate that artificial islands and wide strips of littoral vegetation may represent secure breeding habitats for waterfowl because those habitats allow nests to be placed in areas that are not accessible to, or that are avoided by, mammalian predators. Management actions should be aimed at preserving these habitats. This, along with creation of new artificial islands, could help to enhance breeding productivity of pochards and possibly other waterfowl species inhabiting man-made ponds.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[784:FDPNPA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Albrecht, T., Horak, D., Kreisinger, J., Weidinger, K., Klvana, P., and Michot, T., 2006, Factors determining Pochard nest predation along a wetland gradient: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 3, p. 784-791, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[784:FDPNPA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"784","endPage":"791","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Czech Republic","otherGeospatial":"Trebon Basin Biosphere Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 14.724340438842772,\n 48.980104320525676\n ],\n [\n 14.782533645629881,\n 48.980104320525676\n ],\n [\n 14.782533645629881,\n 49.00313898314858\n ],\n [\n 14.724340438842772,\n 49.00313898314858\n ],\n [\n 14.724340438842772,\n 48.980104320525676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e92e4b0c8380cd53511","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albrecht, T.","contributorId":68533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albrecht","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horak, D.","contributorId":50728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kreisinger, J.","contributorId":88556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreisinger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weidinger, K.","contributorId":15825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidinger","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klvana, P.","contributorId":22966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klvana","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michot, T.C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":43426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030407,"text":"70030407 - 2006 - Patterns of fish use and piscivore abundance within a reconnected saltmarsh impoundment in the northern Indian River Lagoon, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030407","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of fish use and piscivore abundance within a reconnected saltmarsh impoundment in the northern Indian River Lagoon, Florida","docAbstract":"Nearly all saltmarshes in east-central, Florida were impounded for mosquito control during the 1960s. The majority of these marshes have since been reconnected to the estuary by culverts, providing an opportunity to effectively measure exchange of aquatic organisms. A multi-gear approach was used monthly to simultaneously estimate fish standing stock (cast net), fish exchange with the estuary (culvert traps), and piscivore abundance (gill nets and bird counts) to document patterns of fish use in a reconnected saltmarsh impoundment. Changes in saltmarsh fish abundance, and exchange of fish with the estuary reflected the seasonal pattern of marsh flooding in the northern Indian River Lagoon system. During a 6-month period of marsh flooding, resident fish had continuous access to the marsh surface. Large piscivorous fish regularly entered the impoundment via creeks and ditches to prey upon small resident fish, and piscivorous birds aggregated following major fish movements to the marsh surface or to deep habitats. As water levels receded in winter, saltmarsh fish concentrated into deep habitats and emigration to the estuary ensued (200% greater biomass left the impoundment than entered). Fish abundance and community structure along the estuary shoreline (although fringed with marsh vegetation) were not analogous to marsh creeks and ditches. Perimeter ditches provided deep-water habitat for large estuarine predators, and shallow creeks served as an alternative habitat for resident fish when the marsh surface was dry. Use of the impoundment as nursery by transients was limited to Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, but large juvenile and adult piscivorous fish used the impoundment for feeding. In conclusion, the saltmarsh impoundment was a feeding site for piscivorous fish and birds, and functioned as a net exporter of forage fish to adjacent estuarine waters. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11273-005-5827-y","issn":"09234861","usgsCitation":"Stevens, P.W., Montague, C., and Sulak, K., 2006, Patterns of fish use and piscivore abundance within a reconnected saltmarsh impoundment in the northern Indian River Lagoon, Florida: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 14, no. 2, p. 147-166, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-005-5827-y.","startPage":"147","endPage":"166","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211748,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-005-5827-y"},{"id":239098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75cfe4b0c8380cd77d5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Philip W.","contributorId":36092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montague, C.L.","contributorId":22130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montague","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sulak, K. J. 0000-0002-4795-9310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":76690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030620,"text":"70030620 - 2006 - Long-period effects of the Denali earthquake on water bodies in the Puget Lowland: Observations and modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030620","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-period effects of the Denali earthquake on water bodies in the Puget Lowland: Observations and modeling","docAbstract":"Analysis of strong-motion instrument recordings in Seattle, Washington, resulting from the 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake reveals that amplification in the 0.2-to 1.0-Hz frequency band is largely governed by the shallow sediments both inside and outside the sedimentary basins beneath the Puget Lowland. Sites above the deep sedimentary strata show additional seismic-wave amplification in the 0.04- to 0.2-Hz frequency range. Surface waves generated by the Mw 7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 produced pronounced water waves across Washington state. The largest water waves coincided with the area of largest seismic-wave amplification underlain by the Seattle basin. In the current work, we present reports that show Lakes Union and Washington, both located on the Seattle basin, are susceptible to large water waves generated by large local earthquakes and teleseisms. A simple model of a water body is adopted to explain the generation of waves in water basins. This model provides reasonable estimates for the water-wave amplitudes in swimming pools during the Denali earthquake but appears to underestimate the waves observed in Lake Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050090","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Barberopoulou, A., Qamar, A., Pratt, T.L., and Steele, W.P., 2006, Long-period effects of the Denali earthquake on water bodies in the Puget Lowland: Observations and modeling: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 2, p. 519-535, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050090.","startPage":"519","endPage":"535","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050090"},{"id":239077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a496de4b0c8380cd685c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barberopoulou, A.","contributorId":45507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barberopoulou","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qamar, A. 0000-0003-3131-3141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":50347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qamar","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steele, W. P.","contributorId":101445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030524,"text":"70030524 - 2006 - Composition and physical properties of Enceladus' surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030524","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition and physical properties of Enceladus' surface","docAbstract":"Observations of Saturn's satellite Enceladus using Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer instrument were obtained during three flybys of Enceladus in 2005. Enceladus' surface is composed mostly of nearly pure water ice except near its south pole, where there are light organics, CO2, and amorphous and crystalline water ice, particularly in the region dubbed the \"tiger stripes.\" An upper limit of 5 precipitable nanometers is derived for CO in the atmospheric column above Enceladus, and 2% for NH 3 in global surface deposits. Upper limits of 140 kelvin (for a filled pixel) are derived for the temperatures in the tiger stripes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1121031","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.H., Clark, R.N., Buratti, B.J., Cruikshank, D.P., Barnes, J.W., Mastrapa, R., Bauer, J., Newman, S., Momary, T., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Combes, M., Coradini, A., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Jaumann, R., Langavin, Y., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., and Sotin, C., 2006, Composition and physical properties of Enceladus' surface: Science, v. 311, no. 5766, p. 1425-1428, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1121031.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1428","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211901,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1121031"},{"id":239277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"311","issue":"5766","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f920e4b0c8380cd4d44e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mastrapa, R.M.E.","contributorId":23758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastrapa","given":"R.M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bauer, J.","contributorId":85400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Momary, T.","contributorId":17415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momary","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Combes, M.","contributorId":66892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combes","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Langavin, Y.","contributorId":45513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langavin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Matson, D. L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25}]}} ,{"id":70030601,"text":"70030601 - 2006 - Risk of Myxobolus cerebralis infection to rainbow trout in the Madison River, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T14:53:38","indexId":"70030601","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Risk of Myxobolus cerebralis infection to rainbow trout in the Madison River, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite that causes salmonid whirling disease, has had detrimental effects on several salmonid populations in the Intermountain West, including the rainbow trout in the Madison River, Montana, USA. The goal of this study was to examine relationships among characteristics of the environment, Tubifex tubifex (the alternate host) populations, and rainbow trout whirling disease risk in the Madison River. Environmental characteristics were measured in side channels of the Madison River, and differences were described with a principal components analysis. The density of T. tubifex, the prevalence of infection in T. tubifex, and the density of infected T. tubifex were determined for the side channels using benthic core samples and examination of live tubificids for infection. The site-specific contribution to whirling disease risk in the side channels was determined using in situ exposures of sentinel rainbow trout. Regression analyses were used to determine correlations among these characteristics. Side channels differed in site-specific contribution to rainbow trout whirling disease risk, which was positively correlated to the density of infected T. tubifex. Side channels with fine sediments and lower water temperatures made greater site-specific contribution to whirling disease risk and had higher densities of infected T. tubifex than side channels with coarser sediments and higher temperatures. The ability to characterize areas of high whirling disease risk is essential for improving our understanding of the dynamics of M. cerebralis such that appropriate management strategies can be implemented. In addition, this study provides a model of how the disease ecology of complex aquatic parasites can be examined when the influential processes operate on different spatial scales. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0770:ROMCIT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Krueger, R., Kerans, B., Vincent, E., and Rasmussen, C., 2006, Risk of Myxobolus cerebralis infection to rainbow trout in the Madison River, Montana, USA: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 2, p. 770-783, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0770:ROMCIT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"770","endPage":"783","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Madison River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.64169311523438,\n 45.0938831252118\n ],\n [\n -111.6925048828125,\n 45.08321794926837\n ],\n [\n -111.69937133789062,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -111.57302856445312,\n 44.83347388333049\n ],\n [\n -111.43569946289062,\n 44.79450545288309\n ],\n [\n -111.41921997070312,\n 44.822760189927365\n ],\n [\n -111.43569946289062,\n 44.85100108620397\n ],\n [\n -111.57852172851562,\n 44.93175198383987\n ],\n [\n -111.64993286132812,\n 45.03956694724904\n ],\n [\n -111.64993286132812,\n 45.08515722028692\n ],\n [\n -111.64169311523438,\n 45.0938831252118\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad96e4b0c8380cd86f23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krueger, R.C.","contributorId":32350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kerans, B.L.","contributorId":93610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerans","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vincent, E.R.","contributorId":64889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rasmussen, C.","contributorId":66392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030523,"text":"70030523 - 2006 - The Ryan/Harley site: Sedimentology of an inundated Paleoindian site in north Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030523","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1749,"text":"Geoarchaeology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Ryan/Harley site: Sedimentology of an inundated Paleoindian site in north Florida","docAbstract":"The Ryan/Harley site (Florida Master Site File Number: 8Je-1004) is a Middle Paleoindian habitation site containing Suwannee points. Based on stratigraphic correlation and diagnostic artifact seriation, Suwannee-age sites have been relatively dated from ??? 10,900 14C yr B.P to ??? 10,500 14C yr B.P. Clovis-like traits on the Suwannee points and other stone tools from the Ryan/Harley site suggest it dates to the earlier end of the Suwannee timeframe. The currently inundated site is partially buried beneath a sediment column located in a swamp forest and partially exposed in a side channel section of the Wacissa River, Jefferson County, Florida. Research done prior to this analysis determined that the artifact assemblage appeared to be unsorted and was contained in a midden-like unit. Our purpose here is to assess the issue of site integrity further. Unconsolidated sediment samples collected from the artifact-bearing horizon and from horizons immediately above and below the artifact horizon were analyzed using granulometric techniques. Arithmetic probability plots of the grain-size distributions show that the sediments were transported and deposited by fluvial processes. Thus, the Suwannee points and associated artifacts, and faunal remains appear to have accumulated during a time of subaerial exposure perhaps after a regional water-table decline, and have remained largely or essentially intact, with little or no postdepositional reworking. The artifacts and faunal remains recovered from the artifact-bearing horizon at Ryan/Harley are distributed randomly, showing no sign of sorting. In the fossil suite, two articulated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) vertebra were recovered in situ. The unsorted nature of artifacts and articulated faunal remains that are contained within the fluvially deposited sediments suggests the Suwannee point level of the Ryan/Harley site has remained undisturbed since original deposition. ?? 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoarchaeology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/gea.20109","issn":"08836353","usgsCitation":"Balsillie, J.H., Means, G., and Dunbar, J., 2006, The Ryan/Harley site: Sedimentology of an inundated Paleoindian site in north Florida: Geoarchaeology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 363-391, https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.20109.","startPage":"363","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211870,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.20109"},{"id":239243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8c5e4b08c986b321e35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balsillie, J. H.","contributorId":12226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balsillie","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Means, G.H.","contributorId":76348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Means","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunbar, J.S.","contributorId":31976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031004,"text":"70031004 - 2006 - Effects of heavy metals on the litter consumption by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus in field soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031004","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3024,"text":"Pedobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of heavy metals on the litter consumption by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus in field soils","docAbstract":"Aim of this study was to determine effects of heavy metals on litter consumption by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus in National Park the \"Brabantsche Biesbosch\", the Netherlands. Adult L. rubellus were collected from 12 polluted and from one unpolluted field site. Earthworms collected at the unpolluted site were kept in their native soil and in soil from each of the 12 Biesbosch sites. Earthworms collected in the Biesbosch were kept in their native soils. Non-polluted poplar (Populus sp.) litter was offered as a food source and litter consumption and earthworm biomass were determined after 54 days. Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations were determined in soil, pore water and 0.01 M CaCl2 extracts of the soil and in earthworms. In spite of low available metal concentrations in the polluted soils, Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in L. rubellus were increased. The litter consumption rate per biomass was positively related to internal Cd and Zn concentrations of earthworms collected from the Biesbosch and kept in native soil. A possible explanation is an increased demand for energy, needed for the regulation and detoxification of heavy metals. Litter consumption per biomass of earthworms from the reference site and kept in the polluted Biesbosch soils, was not related to any of the determined soil characteristics and metal concentrations. ?? 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pedobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.10.004","issn":"00314056","usgsCitation":"Hobbelen, P., Koolhaas, J., and van Gestel, C., 2006, Effects of heavy metals on the litter consumption by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus in field soils: Pedobiologia, v. 50, no. 1, p. 51-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.10.004.","startPage":"51","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502645,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/effects-of-heavy-metals-on-the-litter-consumption-by-the-earthwor","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211449,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.10.004"},{"id":238740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a070ee4b0c8380cd51535","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobbelen, P.H.F.","contributorId":94493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobbelen","given":"P.H.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koolhaas, J.E.","contributorId":56439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koolhaas","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Gestel, C.A.M.","contributorId":60013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Gestel","given":"C.A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030629,"text":"70030629 - 2006 - Research article: Watershed management councils and scientific models: Using diffusion literature to explain adoption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030629","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1559,"text":"Environmental Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research article: Watershed management councils and scientific models: Using diffusion literature to explain adoption","docAbstract":"Recent literature on the diffusion of innovations concentrates either specifically on public adoption of policy, where social or environmental conditions are the dependent variables for adoption, or on private adoption of an innovation, where emphasis is placed on the characteristics of the innovation itself. This article uses both the policy diffusion literature and the diffusion of innovation literature to assess watershed management councils' decisions to adopt, or not adopt, scientific models. Watershed management councils are a relevant case study because they possess both public and private attributes. We report on a survey of councils in the United States that was conducted to determine the criteria used when selecting scientific models for studying watershed conditions. We found that specific variables from each body of literature play a role in explaining the choice to adopt scientific models by these quasi-public organizations. The diffusion of innovation literature contributes to an understanding of how organizations select models by confirming the importance of a model's ability to provide better data. Variables from the policy diffusion literature showed that watershed management councils that employ consultants are more likely to use scientific models. We found a gap between those who create scientific models and those who use these models. We recommend shrinking this gap through more communication between these actors and advancing the need for developers to provide more technical assistance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Practice","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S1466046606060212","issn":"14660466","usgsCitation":"King, M., Burkardt, N., and Clark, B.T., 2006, Research article: Watershed management councils and scientific models: Using diffusion literature to explain adoption: Environmental Practice, v. 8, no. 2, p. 125-134, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466046606060212.","startPage":"125","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211876,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1466046606060212"},{"id":239249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa91ce4b0c8380cd85c17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, M.D.","contributorId":28211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, N.","contributorId":13913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, B. T.","contributorId":108070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030626,"text":"70030626 - 2006 - Effects of stream enclosures on drifting invertebrates and fish growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030626","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of stream enclosures on drifting invertebrates and fish growth","docAbstract":"Stream ecologists often use enclosure experiments to investigate predator-prey interactions and competition within and among fish species. The design of enclosures, manipulation of species densities, and method of replication may influence experimental results. We designed an experiment with enclosure cages (1 m2, 6-mm mesh) to examine the relative influence of fish size, density, and prey availability on growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) within enclosures in Valley Creek, Minnesota. In addition, we examined water flow and invertebrate drift entering enclosures and in open riffles to investigate whether enclosures reduced the supply of invertebrate prey. Growth of small (age-0) brook and brown trout was not influenced by fish density, but growth of larger (age-1) trout generally decreased as density increased. Sculpin growth was not related to fish size or density, but increased with mean size of invertebrates in the drift. Enclosures reduced water flow and tended to reduce invertebrate drift rate, although total drift rate (ind./min), total drift density (ind./m3), and mean size of invertebrates were not significantly different inside enclosures compared to adjacent stream riffles. Enclosures had no effect on drift rate or size of Gammarus pseudolimnaeus, the main prey item for trout and sculpin in Valley Creek. Overall, our analyses indicated that reductions of prey availability by enclosures did not influence fish growth. Trout growth may have been limited at larger sizes and densities because of increased activity costs of establishing and defending territories, whereas sculpin growth was related to availability of large prey, a factor not influenced by enclosures. ?? 2006 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[453:EOSEOD]2.0.CO;2","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, J.K., and Vondracek, B., 2006, Effects of stream enclosures on drifting invertebrates and fish growth: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 25, no. 2, p. 453-464, https://doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[453:EOSEOD]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"453","endPage":"464","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211845,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[453:EOSEOD]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07e2e4b0c8380cd5189d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, J. K. H.","contributorId":105898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vondracek, B.","contributorId":69930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028990,"text":"70028990 - 2006 - Impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028990","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"From October 2002 to April 2004, data were collected from Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) International Airport (TX, USA) outfalls and receiving waters (Trigg Lake and Big Bear Creek) to document the magnitude and potential effects of aircraft deicer and anti-icer fluid (ADAF) runoff on water quality. Glycol concentrations at outfalls ranged from less than 18 to 23,800 mg/L, whereas concentrations in Big Bear Creek were less because of dilution, dispersion, and degradation, ranging from less than 18 to 230 mg/L. Annual loading results indicate that 10 and 35% of what was applied to aircraft was discharged to Big Bear Creek in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Glycol that entered Trigg Lake was diluted and degraded before reaching the lake outlet. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations at airport outfalls sometimes were low (<2.0 mg/L) but typical of what was measured in an urban reference stream. In comparison, the DO concentration at Trigg Lake monitoring sites was consistently greater than 5.5 mg/L during the monitoring period, probably because of the installation of aerators in the lake by DFW personnel. The DO concentration in Big Bear Creek was very similar at sites upstream and downstream of airport influence (>5.0 mg/L). Results of toxicity tests indicate that effects on Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephales promelas, and Selanastrum capricornutum are influenced by type IV ADAF (anti-icer), not just type I ADAF (deicer) as is more commonly assumed. ?? 2006 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/06-100R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., Harwell, G., Geis, S., and Bergman, D., 2006, Impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 11, p. 2890-2900, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-100R.1.","startPage":"2890","endPage":"2900","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209911,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-100R.1"},{"id":236663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e2e4b0c8380cd6170c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, S.R.","contributorId":76346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harwell, G.R.","contributorId":56845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwell","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geis, S.W.","contributorId":86538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergman, D.","contributorId":35932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030624,"text":"70030624 - 2006 - The large-scale distribution and internal geometry of the fall 2000 Po River flood deposit: Evidence from digital X-radiography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030624","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The large-scale distribution and internal geometry of the fall 2000 Po River flood deposit: Evidence from digital X-radiography","docAbstract":"Event-response coring on the Po River prodelta (northern Adriatic Sea) coupled with shipboard digital X-radiography, resistivity profiling, and grain-size analyses permitted documentation of the initial distribution and physical properties of the October 2000 flood deposit. The digital X-radiography system comprises a constant-potential X-ray source and an amorphous silicon imager with an active area of 29??42 cm and 12-bit depth resolution. Objective image segmentation algorithms based on bulk density (brightness), layer contacts (edge detection) and small-scale texture (fabric) were used to identify the flood deposit. Results indicate that the deposit formed in water depths of 6-29 m immediately adjacent to the three main distributary mouths of the Po (Pila, Tolle and Gnocca/Goro). Maximal thickness was 36 cm at a 20-m site off the main mouth (Pila), but many other sites hadthicknesses >20 cm. The Po flood deposit has a complex internal stratigraphy, with multiple layers, a diverse suite of physical sedimentary structures (e.g., laminations, ripple cross bedding, lenticular bedding, soft-sediment deformation structures), and dramatic changes in grain size that imply rapid deposition and fluctuations in energy during emplacement. Based on the flood deposit volume and well-constrained measurements of deposit bulk density the mass of the flood deposit was estimated to be 16??109 kg, which is about two-thirds of the estimated suspended sediment load delivered by the river during the event. The locus of deposition, overall thickness, and stratigraphic complexity of the flood deposit can best be explained by the relatively long sediment throughput times of the Po River, whereby sediment is delivered to the ocean during a range of conditions (i.e., the storm responsible for the precipitation is long gone), the majority of which are reflective of the fair-weather condition. Sediment is therefore deposited proximal to the river mouths, where it can form thick, but stratigraphically complex deposits. In contrast, floods of small rivers such as the Eel (northern California) are coupled to storm conditions, which lead to high levels of sediment dispersion. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.002","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Wheatcroft, R.A., Stevens, A., Hunt, L., and Milligan, T., 2006, The large-scale distribution and internal geometry of the fall 2000 Po River flood deposit: Evidence from digital X-radiography: Continental Shelf Research, v. 26, no. 4, p. 499-516, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.002.","startPage":"499","endPage":"516","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211793,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.002"},{"id":239148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad7ee4b08c986b323c50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheatcroft, R. A.","contributorId":76503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheatcroft","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, A.W.","contributorId":42424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, L.M.","contributorId":87365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milligan, T.G.","contributorId":87366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milligan","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030622,"text":"70030622 - 2006 - Studying toxicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030622","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2091,"text":"International Water Power and Dam Construction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studying toxicity","docAbstract":"With funding from the George Mitchell Center for the Environment at the University of Maine, a team of scientists used a simple laboratory-based sediment resuspension design, and two well-established aquatic toxicology models, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), to evaluate if resuspension of Penobscot river sediment significantly elevates the toxicity of river water and to provide preliminary information on the types of chemicals likely to desorb during resuspension. The group collected sediments from two sites with known chemical contamination downstream of the Great Works and Veazie dams. The sediments were examined to determine the dynamics of PAH desorption and degradation under different resuspension frequencies. The scientists used clarified water from resuspension experiments for toxicity tests with the water-flea Ceriodaphnia dubia, and other aquatic test organisms to infer toxicity from sediments from northern California rivers. Data from the study will help ascertain whether metals and/or xenoestrogens are present in the desorption water and give insight into possible avenues of sediment remediation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Water Power and Dam Construction","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0306400X","usgsCitation":"Elkus, A., LeBlanc, L., Kim, C., Van Beneden, R., and Mayer, G., 2006, Studying toxicity: International Water Power and Dam Construction, v. 58, no. 3, p. 30-32.","startPage":"30","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9cece4b08c986b31d523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elkus, A.","contributorId":49978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elkus","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, L.","contributorId":76940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim, C.","contributorId":90108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Beneden, R.","contributorId":98540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Beneden","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayer, G.","contributorId":10997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030572,"text":"70030572 - 2006 - Submarine sliver in North Kona: A window into the early magmatic and growth history of Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-21T17:23:36","indexId":"70030572","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine sliver in North Kona: A window into the early magmatic and growth history of Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Two manned submersible dives examined the Hualalai Northwest rift zone and an elongate ridge cresting at 3900 mbsl during a 2002 JAMSTEC cruise. The rift zone flank at dive site S690 (water depth 3412–2104 m) is draped by elongated and truncated pillow lavas. These olivine-rich tholeiitic lavas are compositionally indistinguishable from those examined further south along the bench, except that they span a wider range in dissolved sulfur content (200–1400 ppm). The elongate ridge investigated in dive S692, located at the base of the bench, is a package of distinct lithologic units containing volcaniclastic materials, glassy pillow breccias, and lava blocks; these units contain a range of compositions including tholeiitic basalt, transitional basalt, and hawaiite. The textures, compositions, and stratigraphic relationships of materials within the elongate ridge require that a variety of transport mechanisms juxtaposed materials from multiple eruptions into individual beds, compacted them into a coherent package of units, and brought the package to its present depth 10 km from the edge of the North Kona slump bench.
\nSulfur-rich hawaiite glasses at the base of the elongate ridge may represent the first extant representatives of juvenile alkalic volcanism at Hualalai. They are geochemically distinct from shield tholeiite and post-shield alkalic magmas, but may be related to transitional basalt by high-pressure crystal fractionation of clinopyroxene. Tholeiitic glasses that compose the majority of the exposed outcrop are similar to Mauna Kea tholeiites and other Hualalai tholeiites, but they differ from younger basalts in having greater incompatible element enrichments and higher CaO for a given MgO. These differences could arise from small extents of partial melting during the transition from alkalic to shield stage magmatism. Low sulfur contents of most of the volcaniclastic tholeiites point to early emergence of Hualalai above sea level relative to the development of the midslope slump bench.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.028","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Hammer, J.E., Coombs, M.L., Shamberger, P.J., and Kimura, J., 2006, Submarine sliver in North Kona: A window into the early magmatic and growth history of Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 151, no. 1-3, p. 157-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.028.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"188","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239491,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Hualalai Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.5,\n 19.1\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 20.5\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 20.5\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 19.1\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 19.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d34e4b08c986b31d6dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammer, Julia E.","contributorId":174787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammer","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shamberger, Patrick J.","contributorId":25046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shamberger","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kimura, Jun-Ichi","contributorId":77719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimura","given":"Jun-Ichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031022,"text":"70031022 - 2006 - Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70031022","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs","docAbstract":"Large karstic springs in east-central Florida, USA were studied using multi-tracer and geochemical modeling techniques to better understand groundwater flow paths and mixing of shallow and deep groundwater. Spring water types included Ca-HCO3 (six), Na-Cl (four), and mixed (one). The evolution of water chemistry for Ca-HCO3 spring waters was modeled by reactions of rainwater with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions. The Na-Cl and mixed-type springs were modeled by reactions of either rainwater or Upper Floridan aquifer water with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions and mixed with varying proportions of saline Lower Floridan aquifer water, which represented 4-53% of the total spring discharge. Multiple-tracer data-chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113, tritium (3H), helium-3 (3Hetrit), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) - for four Ca-HCO3 spring waters were consistent with binary mixing curves representing water recharged during 1980 or 1990 mixing with an older (recharged before 1940) tracer-free component. Young-water mixing fractions ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Tracer concentration data for two Na-Cl spring waters appear to be consistent with binary mixtures of 1990 water with older water recharged in 1965 or 1975. Nitrate-N concentrations are inversely related to apparent ages of spring waters, which indicated that elevated nitrate-N concentrations were likely contributed from recent recharge. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-005-0478-x","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Toth, D.J., and Katz, B., 2006, Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 14, no. 5, p. 827-847, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0478-x.","startPage":"827","endPage":"847","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0478-x"},{"id":239042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b88e4b0c8380cd6f607","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toth, D. J.","contributorId":46563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toth","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030555,"text":"70030555 - 2006 - Interpreting the spatio-temporal patterns of sea turtle strandings: Going with the flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030555","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpreting the spatio-temporal patterns of sea turtle strandings: Going with the flow","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of specific mortality sources is crucial for management of species that are vulnerable to human interactions. Beachcast carcasses represent an unknown fraction of at-sea mortalities. While a variety of physical (e.g., water temperature) and biological (e.g., decomposition) factors as well as the distribution of animals and their mortality sources likely affect the probability of carcass stranding, physical oceanography plays a major role in where and when carcasses strand. Here, we evaluate the influence of nearshore physical oceanographic and wind regimes on sea turtle strandings to decipher seasonal trends and make qualitative predictions about stranding patterns along oceanfront beaches. We use results from oceanic drift-bottle experiments to check our predictions and provide an upper limit on stranding proportions. We compare predicted current regimes from a 3D physical oceanographic model to spatial and temporal locations of both sea turtle carcass strandings and drift bottle landfalls. Drift bottle return rates suggest an upper limit for the proportion of sea turtle carcasses that strand (about 20%). In the South Atlantic Bight, seasonal development of along-shelf flow coincides with increased numbers of strandings of both turtles and drift bottles in late spring and early summer. The model also predicts net offshore flow of surface waters during winter - the season with the fewest relative strandings. The drift bottle data provide a reasonable upper bound on how likely carcasses are to reach land from points offshore and bound the general timeframe for stranding post-mortem (< two weeks). Our findings suggest that marine turtle strandings follow a seasonal regime predictable from physical oceanography and mimicked by drift bottle experiments. Managers can use these findings to reevaluate incidental strandings limits and fishery takes for both nearshore and offshore mortality sources. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.047","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Hart, K., Mooreside, P., and Crowder, L., 2006, Interpreting the spatio-temporal patterns of sea turtle strandings: Going with the flow: Biological Conservation, v. 129, no. 2, p. 283-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.047.","startPage":"283","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211842,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.047"},{"id":239212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d95e4b0c8380cd636a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, K.M. 0000-0002-5257-7974","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":7483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooreside, P.","contributorId":10222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooreside","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crowder, L.B.","contributorId":104437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowder","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030556,"text":"70030556 - 2006 - Solute sources in stream water during consecutive fall storms in a northern hardwood forest watershed: A combined hydrological, chemical and isotopic approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T07:55:17","indexId":"70030556","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute sources in stream water during consecutive fall storms in a northern hardwood forest watershed: A combined hydrological, chemical and isotopic approach","docAbstract":"Understanding the effects of climate change including precipitation patterns has important implications for evaluating the biogeochemical responses of watersheds. We focused on four storms in late summer and early fall that occurred after an exceptionally dry period in 2002. We analyzed not only the influence of these storms on episodic chemistry and the role of different water sources in affecting surface water chemistry, but also the relative contributions of these storms to annual biogeochemical mass balances. The study site was a well studied 135-ha watershed in the Adirondack Park of New York State (USA). Our analyses integrated measurements on hydrology, solute chemistry and the isotopic composition of NO 3 − (δ15N and δ18O) and SO 4 2− (δ34S and δ18O) to evaluate how these storms affected surface water chemistry. Precipitation amounts varied among the storms (Storm 1: Sept. 14–18, 18.5 mm; Storm 2: Sept. 21–24, 33 mm; Storm 3: Sept. 27–29, 42.9 mm; Storm 4: Oct. 16–21, 67.6 mm). Among the four storms, there was an increase in water yields from 2 to 14%. These water yields were much less than in studies of storms in previous years at this same watershed when antecedent moisture conditions were higher. In the current study, early storms resulted in relatively small changes in water chemistry. With progressive storms the changes in water chemistry became more marked with particularly major changes in Cb (sum of base cations), Si, NO 3 − , and SO 4 2− , DOC and pH. Analyses of the relationships between Si, DOC, discharge and water table height clearly indicated that there was a decrease in ground water contributions (i.e., lower Si concentrations and higher DOC concentrations) as the watershed wetness increased with storm succession. The marked changes in chemistry were also reflected in changes in the isotopic composition of SO 4 2− and NO 3 − . There was a strong inverse relationship between SO 4 2− concentrations and δ34S values suggesting the importance of S biogeochemical redox processes in contributing to SO 4 2− export. The isotopic composition of NO 3 − in stream water indicated that this N had been microbially processed. Linkages between SO 4 2− and DOC concentrations suggest that wetlands were major sources of these solutes to drainage waters while the chemical and isotopic response of NO 3 −suggested that upland sources were more important. Although these late summer and fall storms did not play a major role in the overall annual mass balances of solutes for this watershed, these events had distinctive chemistry including depressed pH and therefore have important consequences to watershed processes such as episodic acidification, and the linkage of these processes to climate change.
Macro- and molecular-scale knowledge of uranyl (U(VI)) partitioning reactions with soil/sediment mineral components is important in predicting U(VI) transport processes in the vadose zone and aquifers. In this study, U(VI) reactivity and surface speciation on a poorly crystalline aluminosilicate mineral, synthetic imogolite, were investigated using batch adsorption experiments, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and surface complexation modeling. U(VI) uptake on imogolite surfaces was greatest at pH ∼7–8 (I = 0.1 M NaNO3 solution, suspension density = 0.4 g/L [U(VI)]i = 0.01–30 μM, equilibration with air). Uranyl uptake decreased with increasing sodium nitrate concentration in the range from 0.02 to 0.5 M. XAS analyses show that two U(VI) inner-sphere (bidentate mononuclear coordination on outer-wall aluminol groups) and one outer-sphere surface species are present on the imogolite surface, and the distribution of the surface species is pH dependent. At pH 8.8, bis-carbonato inner-sphere and tris-carbonato outer-sphere surface species are present. At pH 7, bis- and non-carbonato inner-sphere surface species co-exist, and the fraction of bis-carbonato species increases slightly with increasing I (0.1–0.5 M). At pH 5.3, U(VI) non-carbonato bidentate mononuclear surface species predominate (69%). A triple layer surface complexation model was developed with surface species that are consistent with the XAS analyses and macroscopic adsorption data. The proton stoichiometry of surface reactions was determined from both the pH dependence of U(VI) adsorption data in pH regions of surface species predominance and from bond-valence calculations. The bis-carbonato species required a distribution of surface charge between the surface and β charge planes in order to be consistent with both the spectroscopic and macroscopic adsorption data. This research indicates that U(VI)-carbonato ternary species on poorly crystalline aluminosilicate mineral surfaces may be important in controlling U(VI) mobility in low-temperature geochemical environments over a wide pH range (∼5–9), even at the partial pressure of carbon dioxide of ambient air (pCO2 = 10−3.45 atm).
Characterization of the physical and unsaturated hydrologic properties of subsurface materials is necessary to calculate flow and transport for land use practices and to evaluate subsurface processes such as perched water or lateral diversion of water, which are influenced by features such as faults, fractures, and abrupt changes in lithology. Input for numerical flow models typically includes parameters that describe hydrologic properties and the initial and boundary conditions for all materials in the unsaturated zone, such as bulk density, porosity, and particle density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, moisture-retention characteristics, and field water content. We describe an approach for systematically evaluating the site features that contribute to water flow, using physical and hydraulic data collected at the laboratory scale, to provide a representative set of physical and hydraulic parameters for numerically calculating flow of water through the materials at a site. An example case study from analyses done for the heterogeneous, layered, volcanic rocks at Yucca Mountain is presented, but the general approach for parameterization could be applied at any site where depositional processes follow deterministic patterns. Hydrogeologic units at this site were defined using (i) a database developed from 5320 rock samples collected from the coring of 23 shallow (<100 m) and 10 deep (500–1000 m) boreholes, (ii) lithostratigraphic boundaries and corresponding relations to porosity, (iii) transition zones with pronounced changes in properties over short vertical distances, (iv) characterization of the influence of mineral alteration on hydrologic properties such as permeability and moisture-retention characteristics, and (v) a statistical analysis to evaluate where boundaries should be adjusted to minimize the variance within layers. Model parameters developed in this study, and the relation of flow properties to porosity, can be used to produce detailed and accurate representations of the core-scale hydrologic processes ongoing at Yucca Mountain.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2004.0180","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., Buesch, D.C., and Flint, A.L., 2006, Characterization of unsaturated zone hydrogeologic units using matrix properties and depositional history in a complex volcanic environment: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, no. 1, p. 480-492, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.0180.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"492","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e8e4b0c8380cd4bfce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buesch, David C. 0000-0002-4978-5027 dbuesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":1154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"David","email":"dbuesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030404,"text":"70030404 - 2006 - Basic concepts for the linear model of ground water level recession","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70030404","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basic concepts for the linear model of ground water level recession","docAbstract":"Basic concepts are illustrated for the display of ground water level recession as a linear plot on a semilog graph, as first described by Rorabaugh. This exponential decay function can be achieved if there is a definable outflow boundary such as a lake or river and if water levels are expressed relative to the altitude of the boundary. The model can be used to estimate aquifer hydraulic diffusivity. Concepts are illustrated using three finite-difference simulations. One represents the ideal case as described by Rorabaugh, in which the altitude of the outflow boundary is uniform along its length. Another simulation includes a sloping boundary with simple geometry and demonstrates that the model can be used accurately. Based on this simulation, it appears that the ground water level must be expressed relative to the closest point on the outflow boundary. The third simulation includes a sloping boundary and complex boundary shape, and demonstrates departures from the linear model of recession and errors in the estimate of hydraulic diffusivity. Another cause of nonlinearity is the instability of the ground water head profile soon after a recharge event. The nature of these early-time departures will vary depending on the location of the water level observation site relative to the outflow boundary and the hydrologic divide of the ground water flow system. ?? 2006 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00157.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Rutledge, A.T., 2006, Basic concepts for the linear model of ground water level recession: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 3, p. 483-487, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00157.x.","startPage":"483","endPage":"487","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212150,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00157.x"},{"id":239587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efe1e4b0c8380cd4a4cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030736,"text":"70030736 - 2006 - Evaluation of a recirculating pond system for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels at White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery, West Virginia, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70030736","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":735,"text":"American Malacological Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a recirculating pond system for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels at White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery, West Virginia, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"A recirculating double-pond system at White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery in West Virginia, U.S.A., was evaluated for suitability for culturing juvenile freshwater mussels. Newly metamorphosed juveniles of Villosa iris and Lampsilis fasciola were placed in the system, and their growth and survival were evaluated for 94 days. Throughout the study, parameters of water quality remained within ranges suitable for mussel survival. Planktonic algal densities in the pond system ranged from 2850 to 6892 cells/ml. Thirty-seven algal taxa were identified, primarily green algae (Chlorophyta), diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), and blue-green algae (Cyanoprokaryota). Over the culture period, juveniles of L. fasciola experienced significantly lower (p < 0.001) survival (6.3% ?? 4.5) than those of V. iris (49.8% ?? 14.5). The very low survival rate of L. fasciola may indicate a failure of the flow-through pond environment to meet its habitat requirements or that variable microhabitat conditions within culture containers existed. Growth did not differ significantly between the species (p = 0.13). Survival of V. iris and growth of both species were similar to previous trials to culture juvenile mussels. Survival rates as high as 66.4% at 93 days for V. iris suggest that juveniles of some riverine species can be successfully cultured in a recirculating pond environment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Malacological Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07402783","usgsCitation":"Mummert, A., Newcomb, T., Neves, R.J., and Parker, B., 2006, Evaluation of a recirculating pond system for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels at White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery, West Virginia, U.S.A.: American Malacological Bulletin, v. 21, no. 1-2, p. 1-10.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c37e4b0c8380cd52a9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mummert, A.","contributorId":41297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mummert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newcomb, T.J.","contributorId":86651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newcomb","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, B.","contributorId":26586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030768,"text":"70030768 - 2006 - Bladder cancer mortality and private well use in New England: An ecological study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70030768","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2269,"text":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bladder cancer mortality and private well use in New England: An ecological study","docAbstract":"Study objective: To investigate the possible relation between bladder cancer mortality among white men and women and private water use in New England, USA, where rates have been persistently raised and use of private water supplies (wells) common. Design: Ecological study relating age adjusted cancer mortality rates for white men and women during 1985-1999 and proportion of persons using private water supplies in 1970. After regressing mortality rates on population density, Pearson correlation coefficients were computed between residual rates and the proportion of the population using private water supplies, using the state economic area as the unit of calculation. Calculations were conducted within each of 10 US regions. Setting: The 504 state economic areas of the contiguous United States. Participants: Mortality analysis of 11 cancer sites, with the focus on bladder cancer. Main results: After adjusting for the effect of population density, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between residual bladder cancer mortality rates and private water supply use among both men and women in New England (men, r=0.42; women, r=0.48) and New York/New Jersey (men, r=0.49; women, r=0.62). Conclusions: Use of well water from private sources, or a close correlate, may be an explanatory variable for the excess bladder cancer mortality in New England. Analytical studies are underway to clarify the relation between suspected water contaminants, particularly arsenic, and raised bladder cancer rates in northern New England.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1136/jech.2005.038620","issn":"0143005X","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Baris, D., Cantor, K., Colt, J., Robinson, G., Lubin, J., Karagas, M., Hoover, R., Fraumeni, J., and Silverman, D., 2006, Bladder cancer mortality and private well use in New England: An ecological study: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, v. 60, no. 2, p. 168-172, https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005.038620.","startPage":"168","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477388,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2566149","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211466,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005.038620"},{"id":238759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1dfe4b0c8380cd4ae8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, J. D.","contributorId":96667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baris, D.","contributorId":68092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baris","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cantor, K.P.","contributorId":11401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cantor","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colt, J.","contributorId":74796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, G.R. Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lubin, J.H.","contributorId":14184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubin","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Karagas, M.","contributorId":30428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karagas","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hoover, R.N.","contributorId":77358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fraumeni, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":108315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraumeni","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Silverman, D.T.","contributorId":104275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70030797,"text":"70030797 - 2006 - Sampling strategies for volatile organic compounds at three karst springs in Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030797","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling strategies for volatile organic compounds at three karst springs in Tennessee","docAbstract":"The influence of different sampling strategies on characterizing volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations and estimating VOC loads was evaluated at three karst springs in Tennessee. During a 6-month period, water samples for VOC analyses were collected weekly at all three springs and as frequently as every 20 min during storms at the two springs with variable water quality conditions. Total 6-month loads for selected VOCs were calculated, and VOC data were systematically subsampled to simulate and evaluate several potential sampling strategies. Results from the study indicate that sampling strategies for karst springs need to be developed on a site-specific basis. The use of fixed sampling intervals (as infrequently as quarterly or semiannually) produced accurate concentration and load estimates at one of the springs; however, additional sampling was needed to detect storm-related changes at a second spring located in a similar hydrogeologic setting. Continuous discharge data and high-frequency or flow-controlled sampling were needed at the third spring, which had the most variable flow and water quality conditions. The lack of continuous discharge data at the third spring would substantially affect load calculations, and the use of fixed sampling intervals would affect load calculations and the ability to detect pulses of high contaminant concentrations that might exceed toxicity levels for aquatic organisms. ?? 2006 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00044.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Williams, S., Wolfe, W., and Farmer, J., 2006, Sampling strategies for volatile organic compounds at three karst springs in Tennessee: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 26, no. 1, p. 53-62, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00044.x.","startPage":"53","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211412,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00044.x"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab093e4b0c8380cd87b9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, S.D.","contributorId":92706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, W.J.","contributorId":10069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, J.J.","contributorId":69358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030739,"text":"70030739 - 2006 - Age, growth, and mortality of introduced flathead catfish in Atlantic rivers and a review of other populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70030739","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, growth, and mortality of introduced flathead catfish in Atlantic rivers and a review of other populations","docAbstract":"Knowledge of individual growth and mortality rates of an introduced fish population is required to determine the success and degree of establishment as well as to predict the fish's impact on native fauna. The age and growth of flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris have been studied extensively in the species' native and introduced ranges, and estimates have varied widely. We quantified individual growth rates and age structure of three introduced flathead catfish populations in North Carolina's Atlantic slope rivers using sagittal otoliths, determined trends in growth rates over time, compared these estimates among rivers in native and introduced ranges, and determined total mortality rates for each population. Growth was significantly faster in the Northeast Cape Fear River (NECFR) than in the Lumber and Neuse rivers. Fish in the NECFR grew to a total length of 700 mm by age 7, whereas fish in the Neuse and Lumber river populations reached this length by 8 and 10 years, respectively. The growth rates of fish in all three rivers were consistently higher than those of native riverine populations, similar to those of native reservoir populations, and slower than those of other introduced riverine populations. In general, recent cohorts (1998-2001 year-classes) in these three rivers exhibited slower growth among all ages than did cohorts previous to the 1998 year-class. The annual total mortality rate was similar among the three rivers, ranging from 0.16 to 0.20. These mortality estimates are considerably lower than those from the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, suggesting relatively low fishing mortality for these introduced populations. Overall, flathead catfish populations in reservoirs grow faster than those in rivers, the growth rates of introduced populations exceed those of native populations, and eastern United States populations grow faster than those in western states. Such trends constitute critical information for understanding and managing local populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M04-144.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Kwak, T., Pine, W., and Waters, D., 2006, Age, growth, and mortality of introduced flathead catfish in Atlantic rivers and a review of other populations: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 1, p. 73-87, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-144.1.","startPage":"73","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211494,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M04-144.1"},{"id":238790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f8e4b0c8380cd47ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kwak, T.J.","contributorId":104236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pine, William E. III","contributorId":56759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pine","given":"William E.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waters, D.S.","contributorId":67701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waters","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029002,"text":"70029002 - 2006 - Evidence that sea lamprey control led to recovery of the burbot population in Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:21:26","indexId":"70029002","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence that sea lamprey control led to recovery of the burbot population in Lake Erie","docAbstract":"Between 1987 and 2003, the abundance of burbot Lota lota in eastern Lake Erie increased significantly, especially in Ontario waters. We considered four hypotheses to explain this increase: (1) reduced competition with lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, the other major coldwater piscivore in Lake Erie; (2) increased abundance of the two main prey species, rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and round goby Neogobius melanostomus; (3) reduced interference with burbot reproduction by alewives Alosa pseudoharengus; and (4) reduced predation by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus on burbot. Species abundance data did not support the first three hypotheses. Our results suggested that the apparent recovery of the burbot population of Lake Erie was driven by effective sea lamprey control. Sea lamprey predation appeared to be the common factor affecting burbot abundance in Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. In addition, relatively high alewife density probably depressed burbot abundance in Lakes Ontario and Michigan. We propose that a healthy adult lake trout population may augment burbot recovery in some lakes by serving as a buffer against sea lamprey predation and will not negatively impact burbot through competition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T05-066.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M., Madenjian, C., and Witzel, L., 2006, Evidence that sea lamprey control led to recovery of the burbot population in Lake Erie: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 135, no. 4, p. 1033-1043, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-066.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1033","endPage":"1043","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209965,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-066.1"},{"id":236735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d73e4b0c8380cd53018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, M.A.","contributorId":65437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witzel, L.D.","contributorId":70324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzel","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}