This paper discusses the challenges and benefits of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which is under construction and expected to be operational on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia in a few years. Like many large-scale projects on transboundary rivers, the GERD has been criticized for potentially jeopardizing downstream water security and livelihoods through upstream unilateral decision making. In spite of the contentious nature of the project, the authors argue that this project can provide substantial benefits for regional development. The GERD, like any major river infrastructure project, will undeniably bring about social, environmental, and economic change, and in this unique case has, on balance, the potential to achieve success on all fronts. It must be stressed, however, that strong partnerships between riparian countries are essential. National success is contingent on regional cooperation.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000708","usgsCitation":"Teferi Taye, M., Tadesse, T., Senay, G., and Block, P., 2016, The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Source of cooperation or contention?: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 142, no. 11, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000708.","productDescription":"Article 02516001; 5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","ipdsId":"IP-072208","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Nile Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 24.8291015625,\n -2.986927393334863\n ],\n [\n 36.73828124999999,\n -2.986927393334863\n ],\n [\n 36.73828124999999,\n 31.39115752282472\n ],\n [\n 24.8291015625,\n 31.39115752282472\n ],\n [\n 24.8291015625,\n -2.986927393334863\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"142","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a3ae4b063d5d30980fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teferi Taye, Meron","contributorId":198997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teferi Taye","given":"Meron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tadesse, Tsegaye 0000-0002-4102-1137","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-1137","contributorId":147617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tadesse","given":"Tsegaye","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Block, Paul","contributorId":198998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Block","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178027,"text":"70178027 - 2016 - Analyses of infrequent (quasi-decadal) large groundwater recharge events in the northern Great Basin: Their importance for groundwater availability, use, and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T16:32:00","indexId":"70178027","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analyses of infrequent (quasi-decadal) large groundwater recharge events in the northern Great Basin: Their importance for groundwater availability, use, and management","docAbstract":"There has been a considerable amount of research linking climatic variability to hydrologic responses in the western United States. Although much effort has been spent to assess and predict changes in surface water resources, little has been done to understand how climatic events and changes affect groundwater resources. This study focuses on characterizing and quantifying the effects of large, multiyear, quasi-decadal groundwater recharge events in the northern Utah portion of the Great Basin for the period 1960–2013. Annual groundwater level data were analyzed with climatic data to characterize climatic conditions and frequency of these large recharge events. Using observed water-level changes and multivariate analysis, five large groundwater recharge events were identified with a frequency of about 11–13 years. These events were generally characterized as having above-average annual precipitation and snow water equivalent and below-average seasonal temperatures, especially during the spring (April through June). Existing groundwater flow models for several basins within the study area were used to quantify changes in groundwater storage from these events. Simulated groundwater storage increases per basin from a single recharge event ranged from about 115 to 205 Mm3. Extrapolating these amounts over the entire northern Great Basin indicates that a single large quasi-decadal recharge event could result in billions of cubic meters of groundwater storage. Understanding the role of these large quasi-decadal recharge events in replenishing aquifers and sustaining water supplies is crucial for long-term groundwater management.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016WR019060","usgsCitation":"Masbruch, M.D., Rumsey, C., Gangopadhyay, S., Susong, D.D., and Pruitt, T., 2016, Analyses of infrequent (quasi-decadal) large groundwater recharge events in the northern Great Basin: Their importance for groundwater availability, use, and management: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 10, p. 7819-7836, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019060.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"7819","endPage":"7836","ipdsId":"IP-069809","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr019060","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 38.47939467327645\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5819a9c2e4b0bb36a4c9100d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masbruch, Melissa D. 0000-0001-6568-160X mmasbruch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-160X","contributorId":1902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masbruch","given":"Melissa","email":"mmasbruch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rumsey, Christine 0000-0001-7536-750X crumsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7536-750X","contributorId":146240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"Christine","email":"crumsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu 0000-0003-3864-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3864-8251","contributorId":173439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gangopadhyay","given":"Subhrendu","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pruitt, Tom 0000-0002-3543-1324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-1324","contributorId":173440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pruitt","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27228,"text":"Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178010,"text":"70178010 - 2016 - Effects of consumption-oriented versus trophy-oriented fisheries on Muskellunge population size structure in northern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T13:56:10","indexId":"70178010","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of consumption-oriented versus trophy-oriented fisheries on Muskellunge population size structure in northern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"To determine whether a consumption-oriented fishery was compatible with a trophy-oriented fishery for Muskellunge Esox masquinongy, we modeled effects of a spearing fishery and recreational angling fishery on population size structure (i.e., numbers of fish ≥ 102, 114, and 127 cm) in northern Wisconsin. An individual-based simulation model was used to quantify the effect of harvest mortality at currently observed levels of recreational angling and tribal spearing fishery exploitation, along with simulated increases in exploitation, for three typical growth potentials (i.e., low, moderate, and high) of Muskellunge in northern Wisconsin across a variety of minimum length limits (i.e., 71, 102, 114, and 127 cm). Populations with moderate to high growth potential and minimum length limits ≥ 114 cm were predicted to have lower declines in numbers of trophy Muskellunge when subjected to angling-only and mixed fisheries at observed and increased levels of exploitation, which suggested that fisheries with disparate motivations may be able to coexist under certain conditions such as restrictive length limits and low levels of exploitation. However, for most Muskellunge populations in northern Wisconsin regulated by a 102-cm minimum length limit, both angling and spearing fisheries may reduce numbers of trophy Muskellunge as larger declines were predicted across all growth potentials. Our results may be useful if Muskellunge management options in northern Wisconsin are re-examined in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2016.1214646","usgsCitation":"Faust, M.D., and Hansen, M.J., 2016, Effects of consumption-oriented versus trophy-oriented fisheries on Muskellunge population size structure in northern Wisconsin: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1336-1346, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2016.1214646.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1336","endPage":"1346","ipdsId":"IP-075344","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5819a9c2e4b0bb36a4c9100f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faust, Matthew D.","contributorId":145776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faust","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16232,"text":"Ohio Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180014,"text":"70180014 - 2016 - A comparative examination of cortisol effects on muscle myostatin and HSP90 gene expression in salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T11:06:40","indexId":"70180014","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparative examination of cortisol effects on muscle myostatin and HSP90 gene expression in salmonids","docAbstract":"Cortisol, the primary corticosteroid in teleost fishes, is released in response to stressors to elicit local\nfunctions, however little is understood regarding muscle-specific responses to cortisol in these fishes.\nIn mammals, glucocorticoids strongly regulate the muscle growth inhibitor, myostatin, via glucocorticoid\nresponse elements (GREs) leading to muscle atrophy. Bioinformatics methods suggest that this regulatory\nmechanism is conserved among vertebrates, however recent evidence suggests some fishes exhibit divergent\nregulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the conserved actions of cortisol on myostatin\nand hsp90 expression to determine if variations in cortisol interactions have emerged in salmonid\nspecies. Representative salmonids; Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), cutthroat trout\n(Oncorhynchus clarki), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar); were injected\nintraperitoneally with a cortisol implant (50 lg/g body weight) and muscle gene expression was quantified\nafter 48 h. Plasma glucose and cortisol levels were significantly elevated by cortisol in all species,\ndemonstrating physiological effectiveness of the treatment. HSP90 mRNA levels were elevated by cortisol\nin brook trout, Chinook salmon, and Atlantic salmon, but were decreased in cutthroat trout. Myostatin\nmRNA levels were affected in a species, tissue (muscle type), and paralog specific manner. Cortisol treatment\nincreased myostatin expression in brook trout (Salvelinus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo), but not in\nChinook salmon (Oncorhynchus) or cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus). Interestingly, the VC alone increased\nmyostatin mRNA expression in Chinook and Atlantic salmon, while the addition of cortisol blocked the\nresponse. Taken together, these results suggest that cortisol affects muscle-specific gene expression in\nspecies-specific manners, with unique Oncorhynchus-specific divergence observed, that are not predictive\nsolely based upon mammalian stress responses.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.07.019","usgsCitation":"Galt, N.J., McCormick, S.D., Froehlich, J.M., and Biga, P.R., 2016, A comparative examination of cortisol effects on muscle myostatin and HSP90 gene expression in salmonids: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 237, p. 19-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.07.019.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"26","ipdsId":"IP-071387","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"237","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58863a12e4b0cad700058b5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galt, Nicholas J.","contributorId":178558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galt","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Froehlich, Jacob Michael","contributorId":178559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Froehlich","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biga, Peggy R.","contributorId":178560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biga","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192862,"text":"70192862 - 2016 - Influence of anglers' specializations on catch, harvest, and bycatch of targeted taxa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T12:18:59","indexId":"70192862","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of anglers' specializations on catch, harvest, and bycatch of targeted taxa","docAbstract":"Fishery managers often use catch per unit effort (CPUE) of a given taxon derived from a group of anglers, those that sought said taxon, to evaluate fishery objectives because managers assume CPUE for this group of anglers is most sensitive to changes in fish taxon density. Further, likelihood of harvest may differ for sought and non-sought taxa if taxon sought is a defining characteristic of anglers’ attitude toward harvest. We predicted that taxon-specific catch across parties and reservoirs would be influenced by targeted taxon after controlling for number of anglers in a party and time spent fishing (combine to quantify fishing effort of party); we also predicted similar trends for taxon-specific harvest. We used creel-survey data collected from anglers that varied in taxon targeted, from generalists (targeting “anything” [no primary target taxa, but rather targeting all fishes]) to target specialists (e.g., anglers targeting largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides) in 19 Nebraska reservoirs during 2009–2011 to test our predictions. Taxon-specific catch and harvest were, in general, positively related to fishing effort. More importantly, we observed differences of catch and harvest among anglers grouped by taxon targeted for each of the eight taxa assessed. Anglers targeting a specific taxon had the greatest catch for that taxon and anglers targeting anything typically had the second highest catch for that taxon. In addition, anglers tended to catch more of closely related taxa and of taxa commonly targeted with similar fishing techniques. We encourage managers to consider taxon-specific objectives of target and non-target catch and harvest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2016.05.025","usgsCitation":"Pope, K.L., Chizinski, C.J., Wiley, C.L., and Martin, D., 2016, Influence of anglers' specializations on catch, harvest, and bycatch of targeted taxa: Fisheries Research, v. 183, p. 128-137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2016.05.025.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"137","ipdsId":"IP-054691","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"183","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425bee4b0dc0b45b453df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chizinski, Christopher J.","contributorId":7178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chizinski","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiley, Christopher L.","contributorId":200145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Dustin R.","contributorId":43482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Dustin R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182736,"text":"70182736 - 2016 - Climate-change signals in national atmospheric deposition program precipitation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T15:22:19","indexId":"70182736","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1248,"text":"Climate Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-change signals in national atmospheric deposition program precipitation data","docAbstract":"National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)/National Trends Network precipitation type, snow-season duration, and annual timing of selected chemical wet-deposition maxima vary with latitude and longitude within a 35-year (1979–2013) data record for the contiguous United States and Alaska. From the NADP data collected within the region bounded by 35.6645°–48.782° north latitude and 124°–68° west longitude, similarities in latitudinal and longitudinal patterns of changing snow-season duration, fraction of annual precipitation recorded as snow, and the timing of chemical wet-deposition maxima, suggest that the chemical climate of the atmosphere is linked to physical changes in climate. Total annual precipitation depth has increased 4–6 % while snow season duration has decreased from approximately 7 to 21 days across most of the USA, except in higher elevation regions where it has increased by as much as 21 days. Snow-season precipitation is increasingly comprised of snow, but annually total precipitation is increasingly comprised of liquid precipitation. Meanwhile, maximum ammonium deposition occurs as much as 27 days earlier, and the maximum nitrate: sulfate concentration ratio in wet-deposition occurs approximately 10–21 days earlier in the year. The maximum crustal (calcium + magnesium + potassium) cation deposition occurs 2–35 days earlier in the year. The data suggest that these shifts in the timing of atmospheric wet deposition are linked to a warming climate, but the ecological consequences are uncertain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag ","doi":"10.1007/s00382-016-3017-7","usgsCitation":"Wetherbee, G.A., and Mast, M.A., 2016, Climate-change signals in national atmospheric deposition program precipitation data: Climate Dynamics, v. 47, no. 9, p. 3141-3155, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3017-7.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"3141","endPage":"3155","ipdsId":"IP-061492","costCenters":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548bde4b01ccd54fddfa8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s00382-016-3017-7","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3017-7","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"Wetherbee Gregory A., Mast M. Alisa","journalName":"Climate Dynamics","publicationDate":"2/29/2016","auditedOn":"8/1/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"2/29/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wetherbee, Gregory A. 0000-0002-6720-2294 wetherbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-2294","contributorId":1044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"Gregory","email":"wetherbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182733,"text":"70182733 - 2016 - Three whole-wood isotopic reference materials, USGS54, USGS55, and USGS56, for δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T15:26:51","indexId":"70182733","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three whole-wood isotopic reference materials, USGS54, USGS55, and USGS56, for δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O measurements","docAbstract":"Comparative measurements of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in wood are hampered by the lack of proper reference materials (RMs). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has prepared three powdered, whole-wood RMs, USGS54 (Pinus contorta, Canadian lodgepole pine), USGS55 (Cordia cf. dodecandra, Mexican ziricote), and USGS56 (Berchemia cf. zeyheri, South African red ivorywood). The stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen in these RMs span ranges as δ2HVSMOW from –150.4 to –28.2 mUr or ‰, as δ18OVSMOW from + 17.79 to + 27.23 mUr, as δ13CVPDB from –27.13 to –24.34 mUr, and as δ15N AIR-N2 from –2.42 to + 1.8 mUr. These RMs will enable users to normalize measurements of wood samples to isotope–delta scales, and they are intended primarily for the normalization of δ2H and δ18O measurements of unknown wood samples. However, they also are suitable for normalization of stable isotope measurements of carbon and nitrogen in wood samples. In addition, these RMs are suitable for inter-laboratory calibration for the dual-water suilibration procedure for the measurements of δ2HVSMOW values of non-exchangeable hydrogen. The isotopic compositions with 1-σ uncertainties, mass fractions of each element, and fractions of exchangeable hydrogen of these materials are:
USGS54 (Pinus contorta, Canadian Lodgepole pine)
δ2HVSMOW = –150.4 ± 1.1 mUr (n = 29), hydrogen mass fraction = 6.00 ± 0.04 % (n = 10)
Fraction of exchangeable hydrogen = 5.4 ± 0.6 % (n = 29)
δ18OVSMOW = + 17.79 ± 0.15 mUr (n = 18), oxygen mass fraction = 40.4 ± 0.2 % (n = 6)
δ13CVPDB = –24.43 ± 0.02 mUr (n = 18), carbon mass fraction = 48.3 ± 0.4 % (n = 12)
δ15NAIR-N2 = –2.42 ± 0.32 mUr (n = 17), nitrogen mass fraction = 0.05 % (n = 4)
USGS55 (Cordia cf. dodecandra, Mexican ziricote)
δ2HVSMOW = –28.2 ± 1.7 mUr (n = 30), hydrogen mass fraction = 5.65 ± 0.06 % (n = 10)
Fraction of exchangeable hydrogen = 4.1 ± 0.5 % (n = 30)
δ18OVSMOW = + 19.12 ± 0.07 mUr (n = 18), oxygen mass fraction = 35.3 ± 0.2 % (n = 6)
δ13CVPDB = –27.13 ± 0.02 mUr (n = 18), carbon mass fraction = 53.3 ± 0.6 % (n = 12)
δ15NAIR-N2 = –0.3 ± 0.4 mUr (n = 16), nitrogen mass fraction = 0.25 % (n = 4)
USGS56 (Berchemia cf. zeyheri, South African red ivorywood)
δ2HVSMOW = –44.0 ± 1.8 mUr (n = 30), hydrogen mass fraction = 5.65 ± 0.05 % (n = 10)
Fraction of exchangeable hydrogen = 6.6 ± 0.3 % (n = 30)
δ18OVSMOW = + 27.23 ± 0.03 mUr (n = 12), oxygen mass fraction = 41.1 ± 0.2 % (n = 6)
δ13CVPDB = –24.34 ± 0.01 mUr (n = 12), carbon mass fraction = 47.3 ± 0.2 % (n = 12)
δ15NAIR-N2 = + 1.8 ± 0.4 mUr (n = 15), nitrogen mass fraction = 0.27 % (n = 4)
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.07.017","usgsCitation":"Qi, H., Coplen, T.B., and Jordan, J.A., 2016, Three whole-wood isotopic reference materials, USGS54, USGS55, and USGS56, for δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O measurements: Chemical Geology, v. 442, p. 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.07.017.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"47","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-076497","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"442","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548bee4b01ccd54fddfaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jordan, James A.","contributorId":184070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192728,"text":"70192728 - 2016 - Static and dynamic controls on fire activity at moderate spatial and temporal scales in the Alaskan boreal forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T13:37:40","indexId":"70192728","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Static and dynamic controls on fire activity at moderate spatial and temporal scales in the Alaskan boreal forest","docAbstract":"Wildfire, a dominant disturbance in boreal forests, is highly variable in occurrence and behavior at multiple spatiotemporal scales. New data sets provide more detailed spatial and temporal observations of active fires and the post-burn environment in Alaska. In this study, we employ some of these new data to analyze variations in fire activity by developing three explanatory models to examine the occurrence of (1) seasonal periods of elevated fire activity using the number of MODIS active fire detections data set (MCD14DL) within an 11-day moving window, (2) unburned patches within a burned area using the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity fire severity product, and (3) short-to-moderate interval (<60 yr) fires using areas of burned area overlap in the Alaska Large Fire Database. Explanatory variables for these three models included dynamic variables that can change over the course of the fire season, such as weather and burn date, as well as static variables that remain constant over a fire season, such as topography, drainage, vegetation cover, and fire history. We found that seasonal periods of high fire activity are associated with both seasonal timing and aggregated weather conditions, as well as the landscape composition of areas that are burning. Important static inputs to the model of seasonal fire activity indicate that when fire weather conditions are suitable, areas that typically resist fire (e.g., deciduous stands) may become more vulnerable to burning and therefore less effective as fire breaks. The occurrence of short-to-moderate interval fires appears to be primarily driven by weather conditions, as these were the only relevant explanatory variables in the model. The unique importance of weather in explaining short-to-moderate interval fires implies that fire return intervals (FRIs) will be sensitive to projected climate changes in the region. Unburned patches occur most often in younger stands, which may be related to a greater deciduous fraction of vegetation as well as lower fuel loads compared with mature stands. The fraction of unburned patches may therefore increase in response to decreasing FRIs and increased deciduousness in the region, or these may decrease if fire weather conditions become more severe.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1572","usgsCitation":"Barrett, K., Loboda, T., McGuire, A.D., Genet, H., Hoy, E., and Kasischke, E., 2016, Static and dynamic controls on fire activity at moderate spatial and temporal scales in the Alaskan boreal forest: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 11, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1572.","productDescription":"e01572; 21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-071622","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1572","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"7","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425bee4b0dc0b45b453e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, Kirsten","contributorId":26600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Kirsten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loboda, Tatiana","contributorId":172797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loboda","given":"Tatiana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Genet, Hélène","contributorId":195179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Genet","given":"Hélène","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoy, Elizabeth","contributorId":200169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoy","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kasischke, Eric","contributorId":91980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasischke","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192622,"text":"70192622 - 2016 - Dynamic social networks based on movement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T11:06:28","indexId":"70192622","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5549,"text":"The Annals of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic social networks based on movement","docAbstract":"Network modeling techniques provide a means for quantifying social structure in populations of individuals. Data used to define social connectivity are often expensive to collect and based on case-specific, ad hoc criteria. Moreover, in applications involving animal social networks, collection of these data is often opportunistic and can be invasive. Frequently, the social network of interest for a given population is closely related to the way individuals move. Thus, telemetry data, which are minimally invasive and relatively inexpensive to collect, present an alternative source of information. We develop a framework for using telemetry data to infer social relationships among animals. To achieve this, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model with an underlying dynamic social network controlling movement of individuals via two mechanisms: an attractive effect and an aligning effect. We demonstrate the model and its ability to accurately identify complex social behavior in simulation, and apply our model to telemetry data arising from killer whales. Using auxiliary information about the study population, we investigate model validity and find the inferred dynamic social network is consistent with killer whale ecology and expert knowledge.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Institute of Mathematical Statistics","doi":"10.1214/16-AOAS970","usgsCitation":"Scharf, H., Hooten, M., Fosdick, B.K., Johnson, D., London, J.M., and Durban, J., 2016, Dynamic social networks based on movement: The Annals of Applied Statistics, v. 10, no. 4, p. 2182-2202, https://doi.org/10.1214/16-AOAS970.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2182","endPage":"2202","ipdsId":"IP-071447","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.07607","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8d2e4b09af898c86151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scharf, Henry","contributorId":200238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scharf","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fosdick, Bailey K.","contributorId":200239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fosdick","given":"Bailey","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Devin S.","contributorId":47524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Devin S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"London, Joshua M.","contributorId":171522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"London","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Durban, John W.","contributorId":200240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Durban","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193096,"text":"70193096 - 2016 - Evaluation of fisher (Pekania pennanti) restoration in Olympic National Park and the Olympic Recovery Area: 2015 final annual progress report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T14:59:21","indexId":"70193096","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/OLYM/NRR—2016/1274","displayTitle":"Evaluation of fisher (Pekania pennanti) restoration in Olympic National Park and the Olympic Recovery Area: 2015 final annual progress report","title":"Evaluation of fisher (Pekania pennanti) restoration in Olympic National Park and the Olympic Recovery Area: 2015 final annual progress report","docAbstract":"With the translocation and release of 90 fishers (Pekania pennanti) from British Columbia to Olympic National Park during 2008–2010, the National Park Service (NPS) and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) accomplished the first phase of fisher restoration in Washington State. Beginning in 2013, we initiated a new research project to determine the current status of fishers on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula 3–8 years after the releases and evaluate the short-term success of the restoration program. Objectives of the study are to determine the current distribution of fishers and proportion of the recovery area that is currently occupied by fishers, determine several genetic characteristics of the reintroduced population, and determine reproductive success of the founding animals through genetic studies.
During 2015, we continued working with a broad coalition of cooperating agencies, tribes, and nongovernmental organizations (NGO) to collect data on fisher distribution and genetics using noninvasive sampling methods. The primary sampling frame consisted of 157 24-km2 hexagons (hexes) distributed across all major land ownerships within the Olympic Peninsula target survey area. In 2014 we expanded the study by adding 58 more hexes to an expanded study area in response to incidental fisher observations outside of the target area obtained in 2013; 49 hexes were added south and 9 to the east of the target area. During 2015, Federal, State, Tribal and NGO biologists and volunteers established three Distributioned motion-sensing camera stations, paired with hair snaring devices, in 87 hexes; 75 in the targeted area and 12 in the expansion areas. Each paired camera/hair station was left in place for approximately 6 weeks, with three checks on 2-week intervals. We documented fisher presence in 7 of the 87 hexagons. Four fishers were identified through microsatellite DNA analyses. The 4 identified fishers included 1 of the original founding population of 90 and 3 new recruits to the population. Three additional fishers were detected with cameras but not DNA, consequently their identities were unknown. All fisher detections were in the target area. Additionally, we identified 46 other species of wildlife at the baited camera stations. We also obtained 4 additional confirmed records of fishers in the study area through photographs provided by the public and incidental live capture.
During 2016, we plan to resample 69 hexagons sampled in the target area in 2014 and 12 new hexes in the expansion area. In addition, we plan to sample non-selected hexes in-between hexes where we had a cluster of fishers in 2014, to provide better understanding of occupancy patterns and minimum number of individuals in an area where fishers appear to be concentrating.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Happe, P.J., Jenkins, K.J., Kay, T.J., Pilgrim, K., Schwartz, M.K., Lewis, J.C., and Aubry, K.B., 2016, Evaluation of fisher (Pekania pennanti) restoration in Olympic National Park and the Olympic Recovery Area: 2015 final annual progress report: Natural Resource Report NPS/OLYM/NRR—2016/1274, ix, 34 p.","productDescription":"ix, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"48","ipdsId":"IP-088873","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349384,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/olym/learn/nature/upload/OLYM_Fisher_2015ProgressReport_20160815.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic 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K.","contributorId":199035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lewis, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":141090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13674,"text":"WDFW","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aubry, Keith B.","contributorId":141091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aubry","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193716,"text":"70193716 - 2016 - Holocene volcanism of the upper McKenzie River catchment, central Oregon Cascades, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T17:41:42","indexId":"70193716","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene volcanism of the upper McKenzie River catchment, central Oregon Cascades, USA","docAbstract":"To assess the complexity of eruptive activity within mafic volcanic fields, we present a detailed geologic investigation of Holocene volcanism in the upper McKenzie River catchment in the central Oregon Cascades, United States. We focus on the Sand Mountain volcanic field, which covers 76 km2 and consists of 23 vents, associated tephra deposits, and lava fields. We find that the Sand Mountain volcanic field was active for a few decades around 3 ka and involved at least 13 eruptive units. Despite the small total volume erupted (∼1 km3 dense rock equivalent [DRE]), Sand Mountain volcanic field lava geochemistry indicates that erupted magmas were derived from at least two, and likely three, different magma sources. Single units erupted from one or more vents, and field data provide evidence of both vent migration and reoccupation. Overall, our study shows that mafic volcanism was clustered in space and time, involved both explosive and effusive behavior, and tapped several magma sources. These observations provide important insights on possible future hazards from mafic volcanism in the central Oregon Cascades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B31405.1","usgsCitation":"Deligne, N.I., Conrey, R.M., Cashman, K.V., Champion, D.E., and Amidon, W.H., 2016, Holocene volcanism of the upper McKenzie River catchment, central Oregon Cascades, USA: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 128, no. 11-12, p. 1618-1635, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31405.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1618","endPage":"1635","ipdsId":"IP-069303","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"11-12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a003151e4b0531197b5a752","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deligne, Natalia I.","contributorId":194343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deligne","given":"Natalia","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":13025,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrey, Richard M.","contributorId":194345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conrey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13203,"text":"School of the Environment, Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cashman, Katharine V.","contributorId":199542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashman","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":13025,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amidon, William H.","contributorId":199781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amidon","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27844,"text":"Middlebury College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193641,"text":"70193641 - 2016 - Multiple browsers structure tree recruitment in logged temperate forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-13T14:51:14","indexId":"70193641","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple browsers structure tree recruitment in logged temperate forests","docAbstract":"Historical extirpations have resulted in depauperate large herbivore assemblages in many northern forests. In eastern North America, most forests are inhabited by a single wild ungulate species, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and relationships between deer densities and impacts on forest regeneration are correspondingly well documented. Recent recolonizations by moose (Alces americanus) in northeastern regions complicate established deer density thresholds and predictions of browsing impacts on forest dynamics because size and foraging differences between the two animals suggest a lack of functional redundancy. We asked to what extent low densities of deer + moose would structure forest communities differently from that of low densities of deer in recently logged patch cuts of Massachusetts, USA. In each site, a randomized block with three treatment levels of large herbivores–no-ungulates (full exclosure), deer (partial exclosure), and deer + moose (control) was established. After 6–7 years, deer + moose reduced stem densities and basal area by 2-3-fold, Prunus pensylvanica and Quercus spp. recruitment by 3–6 fold, and species richness by 1.7 species (19%). In contrast, in the partial exclosures, deer had non-significant effects on stem density, basal area, and species composition, but significantly reduced species richness by 2.5 species on average (28%). Deer browsing in the partial exclosure was more selective than deer + moose browsing together, perhaps contributing to the decline in species richness in the former treatment and the lack of additional decline in the latter. Moose used the control plots at roughly the same frequency as deer (as determined by remote camera traps), suggesting that the much larger moose was the dominant browser species in terms of animal biomass in these cuts. A lack of functional redundancy with respect to foraging behavior between sympatric large herbivores may explain combined browsing effects that were both large and complex.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0166783","usgsCitation":"Faison, E.K., DeStefano, S., Foster, D., Rapp, J.M., and Compton, J., 2016, Multiple browsers structure tree recruitment in logged temperate forests: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 11, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166783.","productDescription":"e0166783; 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-076434","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166783","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.44247436523438,\n 42.249868245939325\n ],\n [\n -71.9000244140625,\n 42.249868245939325\n ],\n [\n -71.9000244140625,\n 42.63496903887609\n ],\n [\n -72.44247436523438,\n 42.63496903887609\n ],\n [\n -72.44247436523438,\n 42.249868245939325\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc9ce4b06e28e9c2404a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faison, Edward K.","contributorId":191559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faison","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":166706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, David R.","contributorId":149881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foster","given":"David R.","affiliations":[{"id":16810,"text":"Harvard Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rapp, Joshua M.","contributorId":200307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rapp","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Compton, Justin A.","contributorId":200308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Compton","given":"Justin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192473,"text":"70192473 - 2016 - Seismic imaging of the metamorphism of young sediment into new crystalline crust in the actively rifting Imperial Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T14:17:49","indexId":"70192473","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic imaging of the metamorphism of young sediment into new crystalline crust in the actively rifting Imperial Valley, California","docAbstract":"Plate-boundary rifting between transform faults is opening the Imperial Valley of southern California and the rift is rapidly filling with sediment from the Colorado River. Three 65–90 km long seismic refraction profiles across and along the valley, acquired as part of the 2011 Salton Seismic Imaging Project, were analyzed to constrain upper crustal structure and the transition from sediment to underlying crystalline rock. Both first arrival travel-time tomography and frequency-domain full-waveform inversion were applied to provide P-wave velocity models down to ∼7 km depth. The valley margins are fault-bounded, beyond which thinner sediment has been deposited on preexisting crystalline rocks. Within the central basin, seismic velocity increases continuously from ∼1.8 km/s sediment at the surface to >6 km/s crystalline rock with no sharp discontinuity. Borehole data show young sediment is progressively metamorphosed into crystalline rock. The seismic velocity gradient with depth decreases approximately at the 4 km/s contour, which coincides with changes in the porosity and density gradient in borehole core samples. This change occurs at ∼3 km depth in most of the valley, but at only ∼1.5 km depth in the Salton Sea geothermal field. We interpret progressive metamorphism caused by high heat flow to be creating new crystalline crust throughout the valley at a rate comparable to the ≥2 km/Myr sedimentation rate. The newly formed crystalline crust extends to at least 7–8 km depth, and it is shallower and faster where heat flow is higher. Most of the active seismicity occurs within this new crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2016GC006610","usgsCitation":"Han, L., Hole, J., Stock, J., Fuis, G.S., Williams, C.F., Delph, J., Davenport, K., and Livers, A., 2016, Seismic imaging of the metamorphism of young sediment into new crystalline crust in the actively rifting Imperial Valley, California: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 17, no. 11, p. 4566-4584, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006610.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"4566","endPage":"4584","ipdsId":"IP-081132","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gc006610","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.42211914062499,\n 32.667124733120325\n ],\n [\n -114.70825195312501,\n 32.667124733120325\n ],\n [\n -114.70825195312501,\n 33.72662401401029\n ],\n [\n -116.42211914062499,\n 33.72662401401029\n ],\n [\n -116.42211914062499,\n 32.667124733120325\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bbbe4b0531197afa00f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, Liang","contributorId":49690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"Liang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hole, John","contributorId":198438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hole","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stock, Joann","contributorId":198439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stock","given":"Joann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Delph, Jonathan","contributorId":198440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delph","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davenport, Kathy","contributorId":198441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davenport","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Livers, Amanda","contributorId":198442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Livers","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70185051,"text":"70185051 - 2016 - Estimation of time-variable fast flow path chemical concentrations for application in tracer-based hydrograph separation analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-13T16:21:41","indexId":"70185051","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of time-variable fast flow path chemical concentrations for application in tracer-based hydrograph separation analyses","docAbstract":"Mixing models are a commonly used method for hydrograph separation, but can be hindered by the subjective choice of the end-member tracer concentrations. This work tests a new variant of mixing model that uses high-frequency measures of two tracers and streamflow to separate total streamflow into water from slowflow and fastflow sources. The ratio between the concentrations of the two tracers is used to create a time-variable estimate of the concentration of each tracer in the fastflow end-member. Multiple synthetic data sets, and data from two hydrologically diverse streams, are used to test the performance and limitations of the new model (two-tracer ratio-based mixing model: TRaMM). When applied to the synthetic streams under many different scenarios, the TRaMM produces results that were reasonable approximations of the actual values of fastflow discharge (±0.1% of maximum fastflow) and fastflow tracer concentrations (±9.5% and ±16% of maximum fastflow nitrate concentration and specific conductance, respectively). With real stream data, the TRaMM produces high-frequency estimates of slowflow and fastflow discharge that align with expectations for each stream based on their respective hydrologic settings. The use of two tracers with the TRaMM provides an innovative and objective approach for estimating high-frequency fastflow concentrations and contributions of fastflow water to the stream. This provides useful information for tracking chemical movement to streams and allows for better selection and implementation of water quality management strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016WR018797","usgsCitation":"Kronholm, S.C., and Capel, P.D., 2016, Estimation of time-variable fast flow path chemical concentrations for application in tracer-based hydrograph separation analyses: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 9, p. 6881-6896, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR018797.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"6881","endPage":"6896","ipdsId":"IP-075597","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr018797","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71R6NMQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Real and synthetic data used to test the Two-tracer Ratio-based Mixing Model (TRaMM)"},{"id":337470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7af9ee4b0849ce9795e8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kronholm, Scott C.","contributorId":184190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kronholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194308,"text":"70194308 - 2016 - Mid-21st-century climate changes increase predicted fire occurrence and fire season length, Northern Rocky Mountains, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T11:48:40","indexId":"70194308","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-21st-century climate changes increase predicted fire occurrence and fire season length, Northern Rocky Mountains, United States","docAbstract":"Climate changes are expected to increase fire frequency, fire season length, and cumulative area burned in the western United States. We focus on the potential impact of mid-21st-century climate changes on annual burn probability, fire season length, and large fire characteristics including number and size for a study area in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Although large fires are rare they account for most of the area burned in western North America, burn under extreme weather conditions, and exhibit behaviors that preclude methods of direct control. Allocation of resources, development of management plans, and assessment of fire effects on ecosystems all require an understanding of when and where fires are likely to burn, particularly under altered climate regimes that may increase large fire occurrence. We used the large fire simulation model FSim to model ignition, growth, and containment of wildfires under two climate scenarios: contemporary (based on instrumental weather) and mid-century (based on an ensemble average of global climate models driven by the A1B SRES emissions scenario). Modeled changes in fire patterns include increased annual burn probability, particularly in areas of the study region with relatively short contemporary fire return intervals; increased individual fire size and annual area burned; and fewer years without large fires. High fire danger days, represented by threshold values of Energy Release Component (ERC), are projected to increase in number, especially in spring and fall, lengthening the climatic fire season. For fire managers, ERC is an indicator of fire intensity potential and fire economics, with higher ERC thresholds often associated with larger, more expensive fires. Longer periods of elevated ERC may significantly increase the cost and complexity of fire management activities, requiring new strategies to maintain desired ecological conditions and limit fire risk. Increased fire activity (within the historical range of frequency and severity, and depending on the extent to which ecosystems are adapted) may maintain or restore ecosystem functionality; however, in areas that are highly departed from historical fire regimes or where there is disequilibrium between climate and vegetation, ecosystems may be rapidly and persistently altered by wildfires, especially those that burn under extreme conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1543","usgsCitation":"Riley, K.L., and Loehman, R.A., 2016, Mid-21st-century climate changes increase predicted fire occurrence and fire season length, Northern Rocky Mountains, United States: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 11, e01543; 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1543.","productDescription":"e01543; 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-076686","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1543","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho Panhandle National Forest, Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -113.66455078125,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -113.66455078125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 45.058001435398275\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc9ce4b06e28e9c24048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, Karin L.","contributorId":169453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"Karin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25512,"text":"US Forest Service Fire Science Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loehman, Rachel A. 0000-0001-7680-1865 rloehman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-1865","contributorId":187605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loehman","given":"Rachel","email":"rloehman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":723211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176359,"text":"ofr20161152 - 2016 - Bedrock morphology and structure, upper Santa Cruz Basin, south-central Arizona, with transient electromagnetic survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T11:23:24","indexId":"ofr20161152","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-31T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1152","title":"Bedrock morphology and structure, upper Santa Cruz Basin, south-central Arizona, with transient electromagnetic survey data","docAbstract":"The upper Santa Cruz Basin is an important groundwater basin containing the regional aquifer for the city of Nogales, Arizona. This report provides data and interpretations of data aimed at better understanding the bedrock morphology and structure of the upper Santa Cruz Basin study area which encompasses the Rio Rico and Nogales 1:24,000-scale U.S. Geological Survey quadrangles. Data used in this report include the Arizona Aeromagnetic and Gravity Maps and Data referred to here as the 1996 Patagonia Aeromagnetic survey, Bouguer gravity anomaly data, and conductivity-depth transforms (CDTs) from the 1998 Santa Cruz transient electromagnetic survey (whose data are included in appendixes 1 and 2 of this report).
Analyses based on magnetic gradients worked well to identify the range-front faults along the Mt. Benedict horst block, the location of possibly fault-controlled canyons to the west of Mt. Benedict, the edges of buried lava flows, and numerous other concealed faults and contacts. Applying the 1996 Patagonia aeromagnetic survey data using the horizontal gradient method produced results that were most closely correlated with the observed geology.
The 1996 Patagonia aeromagnetic survey was used to estimate depth to bedrock in the upper Santa Cruz Basin study area. Three different depth estimation methods were applied to the data: Euler deconvolution, horizontal gradient magnitude, and analytic signal. The final depth to bedrock map was produced by choosing the maximum depth from each of the three methods at a given location and combining all maximum depths. In locations of rocks with a known reversed natural remanent magnetic field, gravity based depth estimates from Gettings and Houser (1997) were used.
The depth to bedrock map was supported by modeling aeromagnetic anomaly data along six profiles. These cross sectional models demonstrated that by using the depth to bedrock map generated in this study, known and concealed faults, measured and estimated magnetic susceptibilities of rocks found in the study area, and estimated natural remanent magnetic intensities and directions, reasonable geologic models can be built. This indicates that the depth to bedrock map is reason-able and geologically possible.
Finally, CDTs derived from the 1998 Santa Cruz Basin transient electromagnetic survey were used to help identify basin structure and some physical properties of the basin fill in the study area. The CDTs also helped to confirm depth to bedrock estimates in the Santa Cruz Basin, in particular a region of elevated bedrock in the area of Potrero Canyon, and a deep basin in the location of the Arizona State Highway 82 microbasin. The CDTs identified many concealed faults in the study area and possibly indicate deep water-saturated clay-rich sediments in the west-central portion of the study area. These sediments grade to more sand-rich saturated sediments to the south with relatively thick, possibly unsaturated, sediments at the surface. Also, the CDTs may indicate deep saturated clay-rich sediments in the Highway 82 microbasin and in the Mount Benedict horst block from Proto Canyon south to the international border.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161152","usgsCitation":"Bultman, M.W., and Page, W.R., 2016, Bedrock morphology and structure, upper Santa Cruz Basin, south-central Arizona, with transient electromagnetic survey data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1152, 49 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161152.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 49 p.; 2 Plates: 36.00 x 37.00 inches and 38.00 x 36.50 inches; 2 Appendixes; Read Me","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060430","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330512,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/ofr20161152_Appendix1.zip","text":"Appendix 1. Santa Cruz Transient Electromagnetic Survey Conductivity-Depth Transforms (CDT) Plots","size":"11.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2016-1152 Appendix 1"},{"id":330439,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":330513,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/ofr20161152_Appendix2.zip","text":"Appendix 2. Santa Cruz Transient Electromagnetic Survey Data","size":"45.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2016-1152 Appendix 2"},{"id":330440,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/ofr20161152.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1152 Report"},{"id":330441,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/ofr2011152_Readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"8.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1152 Read Me"},{"id":330514,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/ofr20161152_plate_1.pdf","text":"Plate 1 Map showing potential field boundaries plotted over upper Santa Cruz Basin study area geology","size":"135 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1152 Plate 1"},{"id":330515,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1152/ofr20161152_plate_2.pdf","text":"Plate 2 Map showing conductivity-depth transforms plotted over upper Santa Cruz Basin study area geology","size":"101 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1152 Plate 2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper Santa Cruz Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.74356079101562,\n 31.33604401284106\n ],\n [\n -110.74356079101562,\n 31.77837995377096\n ],\n [\n -111.18026733398438,\n 31.77837995377096\n ],\n [\n -111.181640625,\n 31.36653633110671\n ],\n [\n -111.07452392578125,\n 31.33252503230784\n ],\n [\n -110.74356079101562,\n 31.33604401284106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, USGS Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
The analysis of ecological data has changed in two important ways over the last 15 years. The development and easy availability of Bayesian computational methods has allowed and encouraged the fitting of complex hierarchical models. At the same time, there has been increasing emphasis on acknowledging and accounting for model uncertainty. Unfortunately, the ability to fit complex models has outstripped the development of tools for model selection and model evaluation: familiar model selection tools such as Akaike's information criterion and the deviance information criterion are widely known to be inadequate for hierarchical models. In addition, little attention has been paid to the evaluation of model adequacy in context of hierarchical modeling, i.e., to the evaluation of fit for a single model. In this paper, we describe Bayesian cross-validation, which provides tools for model selection and evaluation. We describe the Bayesian predictive information criterion and a Bayesian approximation to the BPIC known as the Watanabe-Akaike information criterion. We illustrate the use of these tools for model selection, and the use of Bayesian cross-validation as a tool for model evaluation, using three large data sets from the North American Breeding Bird Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/15-1286.1","usgsCitation":"Link, W.A., and Sauer, J., 2016, Bayesian cross-validation for model evaluation and selection, with application to the North American Breeding Bird Survey: Ecology, v. 97, no. 7, p. 1746-1758, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-1286.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1746","endPage":"1758","ipdsId":"IP-066970","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5818582ce4b0bb36a4c6f9ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70177938,"text":"70177938 - 2016 - Uncertainty in biological monitoring: a framework for data collection and analysis to account for multiple sources of sampling bias","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T09:18:02","indexId":"70177938","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-31T12:15:55","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty in biological monitoring: a framework for data collection and analysis to account for multiple sources of sampling bias","docAbstract":"Retrospective essay for the Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
As I look back on my paper, “Effects of Low Dietary Levels of Methyl Mercury on Mallard Reproduction,” published in 1974 in the Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, a thought sticks in my mind. I realize just how much my mercury research was not unlike a leaf in a stream, carried this way and that, sometimes stalled in an eddy, restarted, and carried downstream at a pace and path that was not completely under my control. I was hired in 1969 by the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center to study the effects of environmental pollutants on the behavior of wildlife. A colleague was conducting a study on the reproductive effects of methylmercury on mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and he offered to give me some of the ducklings. I conducted a pilot study, testing how readily ducklings approached a tape-recorded maternal call. Sample sizes were small, but the results suggested that ducklings from mercury-treated parents behaved differently than controls. That’s how I got into mercury research—pretty much by chance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-016-1909-1","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G., 2016, A downstream voyage with mercury: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 97, no. 5, p. 591-592, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-016-1909-1.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"592","ipdsId":"IP-077912","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-016-1909-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5818582ce4b0bb36a4c6fa05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, Gary gheinz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"Gary","email":"gheinz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70177937,"text":"70177937 - 2016 - Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos canadensis) from three areas in western North America; initial results and conservation implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T14:35:14.757537","indexId":"70177937","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-31T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos canadensis) from three areas in western North America; initial results and conservation implications","title":"Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos canadensis) from three areas in western North America; initial results and conservation implications","docAbstract":"Understanding the genetics of a population is a critical component of developing conservation strategies. We used archived tissue samples from golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos canadensis) in three geographic regions of western North America to conduct a preliminary study of the genetics of the North American subspecies, and to provide data for United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decision-making for golden eagle management. We used a combination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences and 16 nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite loci to investigate the extent of gene flow among our sampling areas in Idaho, California and Alaska and to determine if we could distinguish birds from the different geographic regions based on their genetic profiles. Our results indicate high genetic diversity, low genetic structure and high connectivity. Nuclear DNA Fst values between Idaho and California were low but significantly different from zero (0.026). Bayesian clustering methods indicated a single population, and we were unable to distinguish summer breeding residents from different regions. Results of the mtDNA AMOVA showed that most of the haplotype variation (97%) was within the geographic populations while 3% variation was partitioned among them. One haplotype was common to all three areas. One region-specific haplotype was detected in California and one in Idaho, but additional sampling is required to determine if these haplotypes are unique to those geographic areas or a sampling artifact. We discuss potential sources of the high gene flow for this species including natal and breeding dispersal, floaters, and changes in migratory behavior as a result of environmental factors such as climate change and habitat alteration. Our preliminary findings can help inform the USFWS in development of golden eagle management strategies and provide a basis for additional research into the complex dynamics of the North American subspecies.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0164248","usgsCitation":"Craig, E.H., Adams, J.R., Waits, L.P., Fuller, M.R., and Whittington, D.M., 2016, Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos canadensis) from three areas in western North America; initial results and conservation implications: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 10, e0164248; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164248.","productDescription":"e0164248; 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066818","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164248","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, California, Idaho, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.7734375,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 45.27488643704891\n ],\n [\n -117.7734375,\n 45.27488643704891\n ],\n [\n -117.7734375,\n 42.22851735620852\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 35.10193405724606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.322265625,\n 67.7760253890732\n ],\n [\n -141.240234375,\n 67.7760253890732\n ],\n [\n -141.240234375,\n 71.10254274232307\n ],\n [\n -165.322265625,\n 71.10254274232307\n ],\n [\n -165.322265625,\n 67.7760253890732\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5818582ce4b0bb36a4c6fa07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, Erica H.","contributorId":176469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Jennifer R.","contributorId":21404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waits, Lisette P.","contributorId":87673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"Lisette","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whittington, Diana M.","contributorId":176489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittington","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70177106,"text":"sim3369 - 2016 - Sedimentation survey of Lago La Plata, Toa Alta, Puerto Rico, March–April 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T10:12:23","indexId":"sim3369","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-31T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3369","title":"Sedimentation survey of Lago La Plata, Toa Alta, Puerto Rico, March–April 2015","docAbstract":"Lago La Plata is operated by the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA) and is part of the San Juan Metropolitan Water District. The reservoir serves a population of about 425,000 people. During 2013 the reservoir provided 0.307 million cubic meters (Mm3 ) of water per day (about 81 million gallons per day), which is equivalent to 31 percent of the total water demand for the metropolitan area (Wanda L. Molina, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2015). The dam was constructed in 1974 and is located about 5 kilometers (km) south of the town of Toa Alta and 5 km north of the town of Naranjito (fig. 1). The drainage area upstream from the Lago La Plata dam is about 469 square kilometers (km2 ). The storage capacity at construction in 1974 was 26.84 Mm3 with a spillway elevation of 47.12 meters (m) above mean sea level (msl). Storage capacity was increased to 40.21 Mm3 in 1989 after the installation of bascule gates to provide a normal dam pool elevation at 52 m above msl (Puerto Rico Electric and Power Authority, 1979). The maximum height of the dam is about 40 m above the river bottom near the dam, and the intake structure consists of six 1.82-m-diameter ports facing upstream, with 6-m vertical spacing that begins at an elevation of 19 m above msl. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the PRASA, conducted a bathymetric survey of the Lago La Plata reservoir during March and April 2015. The hydrographic survey was designed to provide an update of the reservoir storage capacity and sedimentation rate. Areas with substantial sediment accumulation are also discussed in this report. The results of the survey were used to prepare a bathymetric map showing the reservoir bottom (fig. 2) referenced with respect to the spillway elevation. This report also includes a summary of a previous bathymetric survey conducted in 2006 (Soler-López, 2008).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3369","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA)","usgsCitation":"Gómez-Fragoso, Julieta, 2016, Sedimentation survey of Lago La Plata, Toa Alta, Puerto Rico, March–April 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3369, 1 sheet, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3369.","productDescription":"29.00 x 30.50 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071332","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438522,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PZ56XZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data and shapefiles for the sedimentation survey of Lago La Plata, Toa Alta, Puerto Rico"},{"id":330426,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3369/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":330427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3369/sim3369.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.23","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3369"},{"id":330428,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7PZ56XZ","text":"USGS data release ","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatial data for the sedimentation survey of Lago La Plata, Toa Alta, Puerto Rico, March-April 2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Lago La Plata","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.24996185302734,\n 18.289504907462902\n ],\n [\n -66.24996185302734,\n 18.34654185709673\n ],\n [\n -66.19829177856445,\n 18.34654185709673\n ],\n [\n -66.19829177856445,\n 18.289504907462902\n ],\n [\n -66.24996185302734,\n 18.289504907462902\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
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https://www.usgs.gov/water/caribbeanflorida
Nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, are a leading cause of water-quality impairment in Kansas and the Nation. Indian Creek is one of the most urban drainage basins in Johnson County, Kansas, and environmental and biological conditions are affected by contaminants from point and other urban sources. The Johnson County Douglas L. Smith Middle Basin (hereinafter Middle Basin) wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) is the largest point-source discharge on Indian Creek. A second facility, the Tomahawk Creek WWTF, discharges into Indian Creek approximately 11.6 kilometers downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF. To better characterize the spatiotemporal variability of nutrients in Indian Creek, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment and Johnson County Wastewater, collected high-resolution spatial and temporal (a large number of samples collected over the entire reach or at single locations over a long period of time) inorganic nutrient (nitrate plus nitrite and orthophosphorus) data using a combination of discrete samples and sensor-measured data during 2012 through 2015.
Nutrient patterns observed in Indian Creek along the upstream-downstream gradient during wastewater effluent dominated streamflow conditions were largely affected by the WWTFs and by travel time of the parcels of water. Nitrate plus nitrite concentrations in the Middle Basin WWTF effluent and at downstream sites varied by as much as 6 milligrams per liter over a 24-hour period. The cyclical variability in the Middle Basin WWTF effluent generated a nitrate plus nitrite pulse that could be tracked for approximately 11.5 kilometers downstream in Indian Creek, until the effect was masked by the Tomahawk Creek WWTF effluent discharge. All longitudinal surveys showed the same general patterns along the upstream-downstream gradient, though streamflows, wastewater effluent contributions to streamflow, and nutrient concentrations spanned a wide range. Differences in orthophosphorus and nitrate plus nitrite patterns were clear along the upstream-downstream gradient in Indian Creek, and orthophosphorus concentrations were not as variable as nitrate plus nitrite concentrations. In general, nitrate plus nitrite concentrations decreased downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF to minima near the confluence with Tomahawk Creek, increased downstream from the Tomahawk Creek WWTF, and then varied little within the study reach. Orthophosphorus concentrations generally decreased downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF.
Despite the marked variability in nitrate plus nitrite concentrations caused by the Middle Basin WWTF effluent discharges, decreases in nitrate plus nitrite concentrations were discernable along the study reach between the two WWTFs. Decreases in nitrate plus nitrite concentrations along study reach were less variable than the cyclical variability typically measured, reiterating the effect of the Middle Basin WWTF effluent discharges on the spatiotemporal variability of nitrate plus nitrite in Indian Creek. Although decreases and rates of change in nitrate plus nitrite concentration were similar between the upper and lower reaches of Indian Creek, relations with initial nitrate plus nitrite concentrations and seasonal patterns were different between the upper (from College to the Marty study sites) and lower reaches (from Marty to the Mission Farms study sites) and did not reflect patterns observed for the overall reach. Quantifying the decreases in nitrate plus nitrite concentration caused by dilution and other in-stream processes were beyond the scope of this study, and were limited by available data. The data that are available suggest that dilution and other in-stream processes play a role in decreasing nitrate plus nitrite concentrations downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF in Indian Creek.
Analysis of the spatiotemporal variability of nutrients focused on below-normal and normal streamflow conditions, when streamflow and nutrient conditions in Indian Creek were largely controlled by WWTF effluent flows and nutrient removal processes. Spatial and temporal data indicate there are decreases in nutrient concentrations along the upstream-downstream gradient in Indian Creek, but quantifying decreases is complicated by the variability in nutrient concentrations caused by the WWTFs. During below-normal and normal streamflow conditions, Indian Creek nutrient concentrations downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF primarily reflect effluent concentrations in the hours or days before depending on relative distance downstream.
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Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature dynamics play a prominent role in Asian summer monsoon variability. Two interactive climate modes of the Indo-Pacific—the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean dipole mode—modulate the amount of precipitation over India, in addition to precipitation over Africa, Indonesia, and Australia. However, this modulation is not spatially uniform. The precipitation in southern India is strongly forced by the Indian Ocean dipole mode and ENSO. In contrast, across northern India, encompassing the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins, the climate mode influence on precipitation is much less. Understanding the forcing of precipitation in these river basins is vital for food security and ecosystem services for over half a billion people. Using 28 years of remote sensing observations, we demonstrate that (i) the tropical west-east differential heating in the Indian Ocean influences the Ganges precipitation and (ii) the north-south differential heating in the Indian Ocean influences the Brahmaputra precipitation. The El Niño phase induces warming in the warm pool of the Indian Ocean and exerts more influence on Ganges precipitation than Brahmaputra precipitation. The analyses indicate that both the magnitude and position of the sea surface temperature anomalies in the Indian Ocean are important drivers for precipitation dynamics that can be effectively summarized using two new indices, one tuned for each basin. These new indices have the potential to aid forecasting of drought and flooding, to contextualize land cover and land use change, and to assess the regional impacts of climate change.
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