This study was designed to determine fish health impairment of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to chromium. Juvenile Chinook salmon were exposed to aqueous chromium concentrations (0–266 μg l−1) that have been documented in porewater from bottom sediments and in well waters near salmon spawning areas in the Columbia River in the northwestern United States. After Chinook salmon parr were exposed to 24 and 54 μg Cr l−1 for 105 days, neither growth nor survival of parr was affected. On day 105, concentrations were increased from 24 to 120 μg Cr l−1and from 54 to 266 μg Cr l−1 until the end of the experiment on day 134. Weight of parr was decreased in the 24/120 μg Cr l−1 treatment, and survival was decreased in the 54/266 μg Cr l−1 treatment. Fish health was significantly impaired in both the 24/120 and 54/266 μg Cr l−1 treatments. The kidney is the target organ during chromium exposures through the water column. The kidneys of fish exposed to the greatest concentrations of chromium had gross and microscopic lesions (e.g. necrosis of cells lining kidney tububules) and products of lipid peroxidation were elevated. These changes were associated with elevated concentrations of chromium in the kidney, and reduced growth and survival. Also, variations in DNA in the blood were associated with pathological changes in the kidney and spleen. These changes suggest that chromium accumulates and enters the lipid peroxidation pathway where fatty acid damage and DNA damage (expressed as chromosome changes) occur to cause cell death and tissue damage. While most of the physiological malfunctions occurred following parr exposures to concentrations ≥120 μg Cr l−1, nuclear DNA damage followed exposures to 24 μg Cr l−1, which was the smallest concentration tested. The abnormalities measured during this study are particularly important because they are associated with impaired growth and reduced survival at concentrations ≥120 μg Cr l−1. Therefore, these changes can be used to investigate the health of resident fish in natural waters with high chromium concentrations as well as provide insight into the mechanisms of chromium toxicity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.011","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Farag, A., May, T., Marty, G., Easton, M., Harper, D., Little, E.E., and Cleveland, L., 2006, The effect of chronic chromium exposure on the health of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 246-257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211843,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.011"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab1be4b08c986b322c11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, T.","contributorId":16218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marty, G.D.","contributorId":61240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marty","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Easton, M.","contributorId":39192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easton","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harper, D.D.","contributorId":82526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":427779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cleveland, L.","contributorId":82084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030635,"text":"70030635 - 2006 - North Kona slump: Submarine flank failure during the early(?) tholeiitic shield stage of Hualalai Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T10:51:54","indexId":"70030635","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North Kona slump: Submarine flank failure during the early(?) tholeiitic shield stage of Hualalai Volcano","docAbstract":"The North Kona slump is an elliptical region, about 20 by 60 km (1000-km2 area), of multiple, geometrically intricate benches and scarps, mostly at water depths of 2000–4500 m, on the west flank of Hualalai Volcano. Two dives up steep scarps in the slump area were made in September 2001, using the ROV Kaiko of the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC), as part of a collaborative Japan–USA project to improve understanding of the submarine flanks of Hawaiian volcanoes. Both dives, at water depths of 2700–4000 m, encountered pillow lavas draping the scarp-and-bench slopes. Intact to only slightly broken pillow lobes and cylinders that are downward elongate dominate on the steepest mid-sections of scarps, while more equant and spherical pillow shapes are common near the tops and bases of scarps and locally protrude through cover of muddy sediment on bench flats. Notably absent are subaerially erupted Hualalai lava flows, interbedded hyaloclastite pillow breccia, and/or coastal sandy sediment that might have accumulated downslope from an active coastline. The general structure of the North Kona flank is interpreted as an intricate assemblage of downdropped lenticular blocks, bounded by steeply dipping normal faults. The undisturbed pillow-lava drape indicates that slumping occurred during shield-stage tholeiitic volcanism. All analyzed samples of the pillow-lava drape are tholeiite, similar to published analyses from the submarine northwest rift zone of Hualālai. Relatively low sulfur (330–600 ppm) and water (0.18–0.47 wt.%) contents of glass rinds suggest that the eruptive sources were in shallow water, perhaps 500–1000-m depth. In contrast, saturation pressures calculated from carbon dioxide concentrations (100–190 ppm) indicate deeper equilibration, at or near sample sites at water depths of − 3900 to − 2800 m. Either vents close to the sample sites erupted mixtures of undegassed and degassed magmas, or volatiles were resorbed from vesicles during flowage downslope after eruption in shallow water. The glass volatile compositions suggest that the tholeiitic lavas that drape the slump blocks were erupted either (1) early during shield-stage tholeiitic volcanism prior to emergence of a large subaerial edifice, or alternatively (2) from submarine radial vents during subaerial shield-building. Because no radial vents have been documented on land or underwater for the unbuttressed flanks of any Hawaii volcano, alternative (1) is favored. In comparison to other well-documented Hawaiian slumps and landslides, North Kona structures suggest a more incipient slump event, with smaller down-slope motions and lateral displacements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.029","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., and Coombs, M., 2006, North Kona slump: Submarine flank failure during the early(?) tholeiitic shield stage of Hualalai Volcano: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 151, no. 1-3, p. 189-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.029.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"216","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.89300537109375,\n 18.981623204500767\n ],\n [\n -155.63507080078125,\n 18.981623204500767\n ],\n [\n -155.63507080078125,\n 20.13073412578307\n ],\n [\n -156.89300537109375,\n 20.13073412578307\n ],\n [\n -156.89300537109375,\n 18.981623204500767\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6820e4b0c8380cd7360a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coombs, M.L.","contributorId":67692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030599,"text":"70030599 - 2006 - Flow resistance dynamics in step‐pool stream channels: 1. Large woody debris and controls on total resistance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:54:57","indexId":"70030599","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow resistance dynamics in step‐pool stream channels: 1. Large woody debris and controls on total resistance","docAbstract":"Flow resistance dynamics in step‐pool channels were investigated through physical modeling using a laboratory flume. Variables contributing to flow resistance in step‐pool channels were manipulated in order to measure the effects of various large woody debris (LWD) configurations, steps, grains, discharge, and slope on total flow resistance. This entailed nearly 400 flume runs, organized into a series of factorial experiments. Factorial analyses of variance indicated significant two‐way and three‐way interaction effects between steps, grains, and LWD, illustrating the complexity of flow resistance in these channels. Interactions between steps and LWD resulted in substantially greater flow resistance for steps with LWD than for steps lacking LWD. LWD position contributed to these interactions, whereby LWD pieces located near the lip of steps, analogous to step‐forming debris in natural channels, increased the effective height of steps and created substantially higher flow resistance than pieces located farther upstream on step treads. Step geometry and LWD density and orientation also had highly significant effects on flow resistance. Flow resistance dynamics and the resistance effect of bed roughness configurations were strongly discharge‐dependent; discharge had both highly significant main effects on resistance and highly significant interactions with all other variables.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004277","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, A.C., and Wohl, E.E., 2006, Flow resistance dynamics in step‐pool stream channels: 1. Large woody debris and controls on total resistance: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 5, Article W05418; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004277.","productDescription":"Article W05418; 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477436,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004277","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a124fe4b0c8380cd54268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, Andrew C. 0000-0002-6241-8977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-8977","contributorId":195613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wohl, Ellen E.","contributorId":16969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wohl","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028465,"text":"70028465 - 2006 - Phosphate oxygen isotope ratios as a tracer for sources and cycling of phosphate in North San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T09:07:17","indexId":"70028465","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphate oxygen isotope ratios as a tracer for sources and cycling of phosphate in North San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"[1] A seasonal analysis assesing variations in the oxygen isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) was conducted in the San Francisco Bay estuarine system, California. Isotopic fractionation of oxygen in DIP (exchange of oxygen between phosphate and environmental water) at surface water temperatures occurs only as a result of enzyme‐mediated, biological reactions. Accordingly, if phospate demand is low relative to input and phosphate is not heavily cycled in the ecosystem, the oxygen isotopic composition of DIP (δ18Op) will reflect the isotopic composition of the source of phosphate to the system. Such is the case for the North San Francisco Bay, an anthropogenically impacted estuary with high surface water phosphate concentrations. Variability in the δ18Op in the bay is primarily controlled by mixing of water masses with different δ18Op signatures. The δ18Op values range from 11.4‰ at the Sacramento River to 20.1‰ at the Golden Gate. Deviations from the two‐component mixing model for the North Bay reflect additional, local sources of phosphate to the estuary that vary seasonally. Most notably, deviations from the mixing model occur at the confluence of a major river into the bay during periods of high river discharge and near wastewater treatment outlets. These data suggest that δ18Op can be an effective tool for identifying P point sources and understanding phosphate dynamics in estuarine systems.
Federal and state drinking‐water standards and guidelines do not exist for many contaminants analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water‐Quality Assessment Program, limiting the ability to evaluate the potential human‐health relevance of water‐quality findings. Health‐based screening levels (HBSLs) were developed collaboratively to supplement existing drinking‐water standards and guidelines as part of a six‐year, multi‐agency pilot study. The pilot study focused on ground water samples collected prior to treatment or blending in areas of New Jersey where groundwater is the principal source of drinking water. This article describes how HBSLs were developed and demonstrates the use of HBSLs as a tool for evaluating water‐quality data in a human‐health context. HBSLs were calculated using standard U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) methodologies and toxicity information. New HBSLs were calculated for 12 of 32 contaminants without existing USEPA drinking‐water standards or guidelines, increasing the number of unregulated contaminants (those without maximum contaminant levels (MCLs)) with human‐health benchmarks. Concentrations of 70 of the 78 detected contaminants with human‐health benchmarks were less than MCLs or HBSLs, including all 12 contaminants with new HBSLs, suggesting that most contaminant concentrations were not of potential human‐health concern. HBSLs were applied to a state‐scale groundwater data set in this study, but HBSLs also may be applied to regional and national evaluations of water‐quality data. HBSLs fulfill a critical need for federal, state, and local agencies, water utilities, and others who seek tools for evaluating the occurrence of contaminants without drinking‐water standards or guidelines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00805.x","issn":"02724332","usgsCitation":"Toccalino, P.L., and Norman, J.E., 2006, Health-based screening levels to evaluate U.S. Geological Survey ground water quality data: Risk Analysis, v. 26, no. 5, p. 1339-1348, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00805.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1339","endPage":"1348","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210365,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00805.x"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fe3e4b0c8380cd5d18f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toccalino, Patricia L. 0000-0003-1066-1702 ptocca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-1702","contributorId":933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toccalino","given":"Patricia","email":"ptocca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Julia E. 0000-0002-2820-6225 jnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2820-6225","contributorId":3832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Julia","email":"jnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028481,"text":"70028481 - 2006 - Monitoring super-volcanoes: Geophysical and geochemical signals at Yellowstone and other large caldera systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T11:02:21","indexId":"70028481","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3047,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring super-volcanoes: Geophysical and geochemical signals at Yellowstone and other large caldera systems","docAbstract":"Earth's largest calderas form as the ground collapses during immense volcanic eruptions, when hundreds to thousands of cubic kilometres of magma are explosively withdrawn from the Earth's crust over a period of days to weeks. Continuing long after such great eruptions, the resulting calderas often exhibit pronounced unrest, with frequent earthquakes, alternating uplift and subsidence of the ground, and considerable heat and mass flux. Because many active and extinct calderas show evidence for repetition of large eruptions, such systems demand detailed scientific study and monitoring. Two calderas in North America, Yellowstone (Wyoming) and Long Valley (California), are in areas of youthful tectonic complexity. Scientists strive to understand the signals generated when tectonic, volcanic and hydrothermal (hot ground water) processes intersect. One obstacle to accurate forecasting of large volcanic events is humanity's lack of familiarity with the signals leading up to the largest class of volcanic eruptions. Accordingly, it may be difficult to recognize the difference between smaller and larger eruptions. To prepare ourselves and society, scientists must scrutinize a spectrum of volcanic signals and assess the many factors contributing to unrest and toward diverse modes of eruption. ?? 2006 The Royal Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2006.1813","issn":"1364503X","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., Smith, R.B., and Hill, D., 2006, Monitoring super-volcanoes: Geophysical and geochemical signals at Yellowstone and other large caldera systems: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, v. 364, no. 1845, p. 2055-2072, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1813.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2055","endPage":"2072","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"364","issue":"1845","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ddce4b0c8380cd70644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Robert B.","contributorId":90824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, David P. dhill@usgs.gov","contributorId":127007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David P.","email":"dhill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":418267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028516,"text":"70028516 - 2006 - Longitudinal hydraulic analysis of river‐aquifer exchanges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:15:12","indexId":"70028516","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longitudinal hydraulic analysis of river‐aquifer exchanges","docAbstract":"A longitudinal analysis of transient flow between a river and an underlying aquifer is developed to calculate flow rates between the river and the aquifer and the location of groundwater seepage into the river as it changes over time. Two flow domains are defined in the analysis: an upstream domain of fluvial recharge, where water flows vertically from the river into the unsaturated portion of the aquifer and horizontally in saturated parts of the aquifer, and a downstream domain of groundwater seepage to the river, where groundwater flows parallel to the underlying impermeable base. The river does not necessarily penetrate completely through the aquifer. A one‐dimensional, unsteady flow equation is derived from mass conservation, Darcy's law, and the geometry of the river‐aquifer system to calculate the water table position and the groundwater seepage rate into the river. Models based on numerical and analytical solutions of the flow equation were applied to a reach of the Methow River in north central Washington. The calibrated models simulated groundwater seepage with a root‐mean‐square error less than 5% of the mean groundwater seepage rates for three low‐flow evaluation periods. The analytical model provides a theoretical basis for a nonlinear exponential base flow recession generated by a draining aquifer, but not an explicit functional form for the recession. Unlike cross‐sectional approaches, the longitudinal approach allows the analysis of the length and location of groundwater seepage to a river, which have important ecological implications in many rivers. In the numerical simulations, the length of the groundwater seepage varied seasonally by about 4 km and the upstream boundary of groundwater seepage was within 689 m of its location at a stream gage on 9 September 2001 and within 91 m of its location on 6 October 2002. To demonstrate its utility in ecological applications, the numerical model was used to calculate differences in length of groundwater seepage to the Methow River under an early runoff scenario and the timing of those differences with respect to life stages of chinook salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004197","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C., 2006, Longitudinal hydraulic analysis of river‐aquifer exchanges: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08425; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004197.","productDescription":"Article W08425; 14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49c3e4b0c8380cd6887d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, C.P.","contributorId":39027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028511,"text":"70028511 - 2006 - Evaluation of eelgrass beds mapping using a high-resolution airborne multispectral scanner","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-10T17:57:04.38493","indexId":"70028511","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of eelgrass beds mapping using a high-resolution airborne multispectral scanner","docAbstract":"Eelgrass (Zostera marina) can provide vital ecological functions in stabilizing sediments, influencing current dynamics, and contributing significant amounts of biomass to numerous food webs in coastal ecosystems. Mapping eelgrass beds is important for coastal water and nearshore estuarine monitoring, management, and planning. This study demonstrated the possible use of high spatial (approximately 5 m) and temporal (maximum low tide) resolution airborne multispectral scanner on mapping eelgrass beds in Northern Puget Sound, Washington. A combination of supervised and unsupervised classification approaches were performed on the multispectral scanner imagery. A normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from the red and near-infrared bands and ancillary spatial information, were used to extract and mask eelgrass beds and other submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the study area. We evaluated the resulting thematic map (geocoded, classified image) against a conventional aerial photograph interpretation using 260 point locations randomly stratified over five defined classes from the thematic map. We achieved an overall accuracy of 92 percent with 0.92 Kappa Coefficient in the study area. This study demonstrates that the airborne multispectral scanner can be useful for mapping eelgrass beds in a local or regional scale, especially in regions for which optical remote sensing from space is constrained by climatic and tidal conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","doi":"10.14358/PERS.72.7.789","usgsCitation":"Su, H., Karna, D., Fraim, E., Fitzgerald, M., Myers, J.S., Dominguez, R., Coffland, B., Handley, L.R., and Mace, T., 2006, Evaluation of eelgrass beds mapping using a high-resolution airborne multispectral scanner: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 72, no. 7, p. 789-797, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.72.7.789.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"789","endPage":"797","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477556,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.72.7.789","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c6de4b0c8380cd52b3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Su, H.","contributorId":94486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karna, D.","contributorId":44728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karna","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fraim, E.","contributorId":38759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraim","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzgerald, M.","contributorId":54006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Myers, J. S.","contributorId":96072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dominguez, R.","contributorId":14623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dominguez","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coffland, B.","contributorId":33513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffland","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Handley, Lawrence R. handleyl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handley","given":"Lawrence","email":"handleyl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mace, T.","contributorId":64436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mace","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70028134,"text":"70028134 - 2006 - The composite method: An improved method for stream-water solute load estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028134","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The composite method: An improved method for stream-water solute load estimation","docAbstract":"The composite method is an alternative method for estimating stream-water solute loads, combining aspects of two commonly used methods: the regression-model method (which is used by the composite method to predict variations in concentrations between collected samples) and a period-weighted approach (which is used by the composite method to apply the residual concentrations from the regression model over time). The extensive dataset collected at the outlet of the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW) near Atlanta, Georgia, USA, was used in data analyses for illustrative purposes. A bootstrap (subsampling) experiment (using the composite method and the PMRW dataset along with various fixed-interval and large storm sampling schemes) obtained load estimates for the 8-year study period with a magnitude of the bias of less than 1%, even for estimates that included the fewest number of samples. Precisions were always <2% on a study period and annual basis, and <2% precisions were obtained for quarterly and monthly time intervals for estimates that had better sampling. The bias and precision of composite-method load estimates varies depending on the variability in the regression-model residuals, how residuals systematically deviated from the regression model over time, sampling design, and the time interval of the load estimate. The regression-model method did not estimate loads precisely during shorter time intervals, from annually to monthly, because the model could not explain short-term patterns in the observed concentrations. Load estimates using the period-weighted approach typically are biased as a result of sampling distribution and are accurate only with extensive sampling. The formulation of the composite method facilitates exploration of patterns (trends) contained in the unmodelled portion of the load. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6147","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Aulenbach, B., and Hooper, R.P., 2006, The composite method: An improved method for stream-water solute load estimation: Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 14, p. 3029-3047, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6147.","startPage":"3029","endPage":"3047","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210336,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6147"},{"id":237228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa49e4b08c986b3227af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028253,"text":"70028253 - 2006 - Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T09:59:29","indexId":"70028253","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer","docAbstract":"The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) seismic method was used to delineate a fault zone and gently dipping sedimentary bedrock at a site overlain by several meters of regolith. Seismic data were collected rapidly and inexpensively using a towed 30-channel land streamer and a rubberband-accelerated weight-drop seismic source. Data processed using the MASW method imaged the subsurface to a depth of about
Climate change and climate variability, population growth, and land use change drive the need for new hydrologic knowledge and understanding. In the mountainous West and other similar areas worldwide, three pressing hydrologic needs stand out: first, to better understand the processes controlling the partitioning of energy and water fluxes within and out from these systems; second, to better understand feedbacks between hydrological fluxes and biogeochemical and ecological processes; and, third, to enhance our physical and empirical understanding with integrated measurement strategies and information systems. We envision an integrative approach to monitoring, modeling, and sensing the mountain environment that will improve understanding and prediction of hydrologic fluxes and processes. Here extensive monitoring of energy fluxes and hydrologic states are needed to supplement existing measurements, which are largely limited to streamflow and snow water equivalent. Ground‐based observing systems must be explicitly designed for integration with remotely sensed data and for scaling up to basins and whole ranges.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004387","usgsCitation":"Bales, R.C., Molotch, N.P., Painter, T.H., Dettinger, M., Rice, R., and Dozier, J., 2006, Mountain hydrology of the western United States: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08432; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004387.","productDescription":"Article W08432; 13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004387","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5eb5e4b0c8380cd70c02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Roger C.","contributorId":189659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bales","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molotch, Noah P. 0000-0003-4733-8060","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4733-8060","contributorId":203466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molotch","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36627,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Thomas H.","contributorId":193067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Painter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":146383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, Robert","contributorId":149915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dozier, Jeff","contributorId":190695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dozier","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028171,"text":"70028171 - 2006 - Relative contributions of transient and steady state infiltration during ephemeral streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:55:19","indexId":"70028171","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative contributions of transient and steady state infiltration during ephemeral streamflow","docAbstract":"Simulations of infiltration during three ephemeral streamflow events in a coarse‐grained alluvial channel overlying a less permeable basin‐fill layer were conducted to determine the relative contribution of transient infiltration at the onset of streamflow to cumulative infiltration for the event. Water content, temperature, and piezometric measurements from 2.5‐m vertical profiles within the alluvial sediments were used to constrain a variably saturated water flow and heat transport model. Simulated and measured transient infiltration rates at the onset of streamflow were about two to three orders of magnitude greater than steady state infiltration rates. The duration of simulated transient infiltration ranged from 1.8 to 20 hours, compared with steady state flow periods of 231 to 307 hours. Cumulative infiltration during the transient period represented 10 to 26% of the total cumulative infiltration, with an average contribution of approximately 18%. Cumulative infiltration error for the simulated streamflow events ranged from 9 to 25%. Cumulative infiltration error for typical streamflow events of about 8 hours in duration in is about 90%. This analysis indicates that when estimating total cumulative infiltration in coarse‐grained ephemeral stream channels, consideration of the transient infiltration at the onset of streamflow will improve predictions of the total volume of infiltration that may become groundwater recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004049","usgsCitation":"Blasch, K.W., Ferré, T., Hoffmann, J.P., and Fleming, J.B., 2006, Relative contributions of transient and steady state infiltration during ephemeral streamflow: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08405; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004049.","productDescription":"Article W08405; 13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa67be4b0c8380cd84e9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blasch, Kyle W. 0000-0002-0590-0724 kblasch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":1631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"kblasch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferré, Ty P.A.","contributorId":35647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferré","given":"Ty P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffmann, John P. jphoffma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"John","email":"jphoffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":416896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleming, John B.","contributorId":33788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028172,"text":"70028172 - 2006 - Impact of eutrophication on shallow marine benthic foraminifers over the last 150 years in Osaka Bay, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T10:44:31","indexId":"70028172","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of eutrophication on shallow marine benthic foraminifers over the last 150 years in Osaka Bay, Japan","docAbstract":"High-resolution foraminiferal analysis was conducted on a short sediment core from the inner part of Osaka Bay, Japan. Changes in foraminiferal assemblages were associated with eutrophication, bottom water hypoxia, and changes in red tide-causing algae. Before the 1920s, the calcareous species Ammonia beccarii, and the agglutinated species Eggerella advena and Trochammina hadai were rare, but calcareous foraminifers in general were abundant. Between the 1920s and 1940s, calcareous foraminifers decreased abruptly in abundance, while A. beccarii, E. advena and T. hadai increased in abundance. This faunal change corresponded in time to an increase in nutrients flowing in through the Yodo River, and bottom water hypoxia related to eutrophication. In the 1960s and 1970s, A. beccarii, E. advena and T. hadai further increased in abundance to become dominant, and many calcareous foraminifers nearly disappeared, corresponding to increasing bottom water hypoxia related to the rapid increase in discharged nutrients during the high economic growth period from 1953 to 1971. After the 1990s, A. beccarii decreased rapidly in abundance and E. advena and Uvigerinella glabra increased in abundance. The main components of red tide-causing algae changed from dinoflagellates to diatoms in the 1980s through 1990s, thus there was a change in the food supply to the benthos, which may have caused the increase in abundance of E. advena and U. glabra.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2006.06.001","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Tsujimoto, A., Nomura, R., Yasuhara, M., Yamazaki, H., and Yoshikawa, S., 2006, Impact of eutrophication on shallow marine benthic foraminifers over the last 150 years in Osaka Bay, Japan: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 60, no. 4, p. 258-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2006.06.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"268","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210395,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2006.06.001"}],"volume":"60","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38bae4b0c8380cd61682","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsujimoto, Akira","contributorId":58448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsujimoto","given":"Akira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nomura, Ritsuo","contributorId":16633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nomura","given":"Ritsuo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yasuhara, Moriaki","contributorId":37935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasuhara","given":"Moriaki","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yamazaki, Hideo","contributorId":40791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamazaki","given":"Hideo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yoshikawa, Shusaku","contributorId":97302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshikawa","given":"Shusaku","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028173,"text":"70028173 - 2006 - Chlorine toxicity to early life stages of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028173","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Chlorine toxicity to early life stages of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae)","docAbstract":"Chlorine (Cl) is a highly toxic, widely used halogen disinfectant that is present in point-source pollution discharges from wastewater treatment plants and industrial facilities. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency freshwater criteria for Cl are 19 ??g total residual Cl (TRC)/L as a maximum 1-h average concentration and 11 ??g TRC/L as a maximum 4-d average; however, toxicological data for unionids were not used in these calculations. To address this void in the data, we conducted acute tests with glochidia from several species and 21-d bioassays with three-month-old Epioblasma capsaeformis and three-, six-, and 12-month-old Villosa iris juveniles. The 24-h lethal concentration 50 values for glochidia were between 70 and 220 ??g TRC/L, which are 2.5 to 37 times higher than those reported in other studies for cladocerans. Significant declines in growth and survivorship were observed in the 21-d test with E. capsaeformis at 20 ??g TRC/L. Lowest-observed-adverse- effects concentrations in bioassays with juvenile V. iris were higher (30-60 ??g TRC/L) but showed a significant trend of declining toxicity with increased age. Although endpoints were above water quality criteria, the long life spans of unionids and potential implications of chronic exposure to endangered juvenile mussels still warrant concern. ?? 2006 SETAC.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","language":"English","doi":"10.1897/05-527R1.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Valenti, T., Cherry, D., Currie, R., Neves, R.J., Jones, J.W., Mair, R., and Kane, C., 2006, Chlorine toxicity to early life stages of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae), in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 9, p. 2512-2518, https://doi.org/10.1897/05-527R1.1.","startPage":"2512","endPage":"2518","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210396,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/05-527R1.1"},{"id":237301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5cce4b0c8380cd4c414","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valenti, T.W.","contributorId":7905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valenti","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cherry, D.S.","contributorId":87321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Currie, R.J.","contributorId":99362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Currie","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mair, R.","contributorId":49174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mair","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kane, C.M.","contributorId":20140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028325,"text":"70028325 - 2006 - Multiphase, multicomponent parameter estimation for liquid and vapor fluxes in deep arid systems using hydrologic data and natural environmental tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:54:09","indexId":"70028325","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiphase, multicomponent parameter estimation for liquid and vapor fluxes in deep arid systems using hydrologic data and natural environmental tracers","docAbstract":"Multiphase, multicomponent numerical models of long-term unsaturated-zone liquid and vapor movement were created for a thick alluvial basin at the Nevada Test Site to predict present-day liquid and vapor fluxes. The numerical models are based on recently developed conceptual models of unsaturated-zone moisture movement in thick alluvium that explain present-day water potential and tracer profiles in terms of major climate and vegetation transitions that have occurred during the past 10 000 yr or more. The numerical models were calibrated using borehole hydrologic and environmental tracer data available from a low-level radioactive waste management site located in a former nuclear weapons testing area. The environmental tracer data used in the model calibration includes tracers that migrate in both the liquid and vapor phases (δD, δ18O) and tracers that migrate solely as dissolved solutes (Cl), thus enabling the estimation of some gas-phase as well as liquid-phase transport parameters. Parameter uncertainties and correlations identified during model calibration were used to generate parameter combinations for a set of Monte Carlo simulations to more fully characterize the uncertainty in liquid and vapor fluxes. The calculated background liquid and vapor fluxes decrease as the estimated time since the transition to the present-day arid climate increases. However, on the whole, the estimated fluxes display relatively little variability because correlations among parameters tend to create parameter sets for which changes in some parameters offset the effects of others in the set. Independent estimates on the timing since the climate transition established from packrat midden data were essential for constraining the model calibration results. The study demonstrates the utility of environmental tracer data in developing numerical models of liquid- and gas-phase moisture movement and the importance of considering parameter correlations when using Monte Carlo analysis to characterize the uncertainty in moisture fluxes.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2006.0021","usgsCitation":"Kwicklis, E.M., Wolfsberg, A.V., Stauffer, P.H., Walvoord, M.A., and Sully, M.J., 2006, Multiphase, multicomponent parameter estimation for liquid and vapor fluxes in deep arid systems using hydrologic data and natural environmental tracers: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, no. 3, p. 934-950, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0021.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"934","endPage":"950","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a605ae4b0c8380cd713c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kwicklis, Edward M.","contributorId":25970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwicklis","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfsberg, Andrew V.","contributorId":22530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolfsberg","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Philip H.","contributorId":69262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sully, Michael J.","contributorId":82911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sully","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16973,"text":"Neptune and Company Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028447,"text":"70028447 - 2006 - Ecology of an estuarine mysid shrimp in the Columbia River (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T16:54:39","indexId":"70028447","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology of an estuarine mysid shrimp in the Columbia River (USA)","docAbstract":"The estuarine mysid, Neomysis mercedis, has colonized John Day and other run-of-the-river Reservoirs of the Columbia River, over 400 km from the estuary. In John Day Reservoir N. mercedis numbers peaked (2 m-3) in August in areas near the dam in association with lower water velocity and softer bottom than at the upstream sampling sites. Neomysis broods were primarily released in late spring and early fall. Gut content analysis showed that Neomysis feeds mostly on cladoceran zooplankton and rotifers in John Day Reservoir. Diel vertical migration was documented, with daytime distribution restricted to the bottom and preferentially to the soft-textured sediments in the deepest areas. Common pelagic fishes in the reservoir, especially juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), are daytime zooplankton feeders that cannot prey on Neomysis owing to mysid diel vertical migration. Thus, Neomysis has become an important food web component in John Day Reservoir. We also collected N. mercedis further upstream in Lower Granite Reservoir, where another estuarine crustacean, Corophium salmonis, also is reported, underscoring the need to better understand the role of these estuarine invertebrates in the trophic ecology of the Columbia River. Copyright ?? 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.927","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Haskell, C.A., and Stanford, J.A., 2006, Ecology of an estuarine mysid shrimp in the Columbia River (USA): River Research and Applications, v. 22, no. 7, p. 739-753, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.927.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"753","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210383,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.927"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Grand Coulee Reservoir, John Day Reservoir, and McNary reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.04029846191405,\n 46.18553528880526\n ],\n [\n -118.99978637695312,\n 46.19694327530828\n ],\n [\n -118.92288208007812,\n 46.15319980124842\n ],\n [\n -118.90296936035158,\n 46.069896058164055\n ],\n [\n -118.96202087402342,\n 46.002208482091724\n ],\n [\n -118.99772644042969,\n 46.01842291576195\n ],\n [\n -118.97918701171874,\n 46.09751924866049\n ],\n [\n -119.014892578125,\n 46.140355438132914\n ],\n [\n -119.04579162597656,\n 46.17935497410555\n ],\n [\n -119.04029846191405,\n 46.18553528880526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.94093322753905,\n 45.658687567438164\n ],\n [\n -120.75622558593749,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -120.73631286621094,\n 45.707617798968435\n ],\n [\n -120.73493957519531,\n 45.69419023205748\n ],\n [\n -120.91209411621092,\n 45.63084540868369\n ],\n [\n -120.94711303710938,\n 45.651488335713594\n ],\n [\n -120.94093322753905,\n 45.658687567438164\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.00115966796875,\n 47.948546018893204\n ],\n [\n -119.08355712890625,\n 47.95498440806741\n ],\n [\n -119.12750244140625,\n 47.92738566360356\n ],\n [\n -119.11239624023438,\n 47.892406101169264\n ],\n [\n -119.08767700195311,\n 47.86661655731862\n ],\n [\n -118.9544677734375,\n 47.95314495015594\n ],\n [\n -118.98605346679688,\n 47.96234158490351\n ],\n [\n -118.99703979492189,\n 47.9559041124676\n ],\n [\n -119.00115966796875,\n 47.948546018893204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0571e4b0c8380cd50ddb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haskell, C. 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We tested this prediction for seven species of dabbling ducks (Anas) by measuring the approach behavior (behavior of ducks when approaching potential landing sites) of 1099 duck flocks during 37 hunting trials and 491 flocks during 13 trials conducted immediately after the 1999-2000 waterfowl hunting season in California, USA. We also experimentally manipulated the attractiveness of the study site by using two decoy treatments: (1) traditional, stationary decoys only, and (2) traditional decoys in conjunction with a mechanical spinning-wing decoy. Approach behavior of ducks was strongly correlated with their life history. Minimum approach distance was negatively correlated with reproductive output during each decoy treatment and trial type. Similarly, the proportion of flocks taking risk (approaching landing sites to within 45 m) was positively correlated with reproductive output. We found similar patterns of approach behavior in relation to other life-history parameters (i.e., adult female body mass and annual adult female survival rate). Thus, species characterized by a slower life-history strategy (e.g., Northern Pintail [A. acuta]) were more risk-averse than species with a faster life-history strategy (e.g., Cinnamon Teal [A. cyanoptera]). Furthermore, although we were able to reduce risk-averseness using the spinning-wing decoy, we were unable to override the influence of life history on risk-taking behavior. Alternative explanations did not account for the observed correlation between approach behavior and life-history parameters. These results suggest that life history influences the risk-taking behavior of dabbling ducks and provide an explanation for the differential vulnerability of waterfowl to harvest. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Eadie, J., and Moore, T., 2006, Does life history predict risk-taking behavior of wintering dabbling ducks?: Condor, v. 108, no. 3, p. 530-546.","startPage":"530","endPage":"546","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0393e4b0c8380cd5054e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":418304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eadie, J.M.","contributorId":8034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eadie","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, T.G.","contributorId":23094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028278,"text":"70028278 - 2006 - A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T09:55:16","indexId":"70028278","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a 16-year time series of vegetation condition information for the conterminous United States and Alaska using 1 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The AVHRR data have been processed using consistent methods that account for radiometric variability due to calibration uncertainty, the effects of the atmosphere on surface radiometric measurements obtained from wide field-of-view observations, and the geometric registration accuracy. The conterminous United States and Alaska data sets have an atmospheric correction for water vapor, ozone, and Rayleigh scattering and include a cloud mask derived using the Clouds from AVHRR (CLAVR) algorithm. In comparison with other AVHRR time series data sets, the conterminous United States and Alaska data are processed using similar techniques. The primary difference is that the conterminous United States and Alaska data are at 1 km resolution, while others are at 8 km resolution. The time series consists of weekly and biweekly maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) composites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.72.9.1027","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J., 2006, A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1027-1035, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.72.9.1027.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1035","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.72.9.1027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb2ee4b08400b1fdb6dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeff","contributorId":95156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}