{"pageNumber":"1024","pageRowStart":"25575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40828,"records":[{"id":70467,"text":"sir20055078 - 2005 - Evaluating regional trends in ground-water nitrate concentrations of the Columbia Basin ground water management area, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:32","indexId":"sir20055078","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5078","title":"Evaluating regional trends in ground-water nitrate concentrations of the Columbia Basin ground water management area, Washington","docAbstract":"Trends in nitrate concentrations in water from 474 wells in 17 subregions in the Columbia Basin Ground Water Management Area (GWMA) in three counties in eastern Washington were evaluated using a variety of statistical techniques, including the Friedman test and the Kendall test. The Kendall test was modified from its typical 'seasonal' version into a 'regional' version by using well locations in place of seasons. No statistically significant trends in nitrate concentrations were identified in samples from wells in the GWMA, the three counties, or the 17 subregions from 1998 to 2002 when all data were included in the analysis. For wells in which nitrate concentrations were greater than 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L), however, a significant downward trend of -0.4 mg/L per year was observed between 1998 and 2002 for the GWMA as a whole, as well as for Adams County (-0.35 mg/L per year) and for Franklin County (-0.46 mg/L per year). Trend analysis for a smaller but longer-term 51-well dataset in Franklin County found a statistically significant upward trend in nitrate concentrations of 0.1 mg/L per year between 1986 and 2003. The largest increase of nitrate concentrations occurred between 1986 and 1991. No statistically significant differences were observed in this dataset between 1998 and 2003 indicating that the increase in nitrate concentrations has leveled off.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055078","usgsCitation":"Frans, L.M., and Helsel, D., 2005, Evaluating regional trends in ground-water nitrate concentrations of the Columbia Basin ground water management area, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5078, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055078.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6429,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655599","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frans, Lonna M. 0000-0002-3217-1862 lmfrans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-1862","contributorId":1493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","email":"lmfrans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70437,"text":"sim2866 - 2005 - Topographic map of part of the Kasei Valles and Sacra Fossae regions of Mars - MTM 500k 20/287E OMKT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:44","indexId":"sim2866","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2866","title":"Topographic map of part of the Kasei Valles and Sacra Fossae regions of Mars - MTM 500k 20/287E OMKT","docAbstract":"This map is part of a series of topographic maps of areas of special scientific interest on Mars. The topography was compiled photogrammetrically using Viking Orbiter stereo image pairs and photoclinometry from a Viking Orbiter image. The contour interval is 250 m. Horizontal and vertical control was established using the USGS Mars Digital Image Model 2.0 (MDIM 2.0) and data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2866","usgsCitation":"Rosiek, M.R., Redding, B.L., and Galuszca, D.M., 2005, Topographic map of part of the Kasei Valles and Sacra Fossae regions of Mars - MTM 500k 20/287E OMKT: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2866, 1 oversize sheet, 36 by 31 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2866.","productDescription":"1 oversize sheet, 36 by 31 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6988,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2866/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"502000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f973e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosiek, Mark R. mrosiek@usgs.gov","contributorId":824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiek","given":"Mark","email":"mrosiek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redding, Bonnie L. 0000-0001-8178-1467 bredding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-1467","contributorId":4798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redding","given":"Bonnie","email":"bredding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galuszca, Donna M.","contributorId":47870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galuszca","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70452,"text":"sir20055007 - 2005 - Hydrogeology of the Valley-Fill Aquifer in the Onondaga Trough, Onondaga County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T13:35:39","indexId":"sir20055007","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5007","title":"Hydrogeology of the Valley-Fill Aquifer in the Onondaga Trough, Onondaga County, New York","docAbstract":"

Continuing efforts to improve water quality in Onondaga Lake, New York and its tributaries require an understanding of how the natural, brine-filled aquifer in the Onondaga Trough (valley) affects the freshwater in Onondaga Lake. The city of Syracuse, locally known as \"The Salt City,\" was built around the salt springs, which issued from a valley-fill aquifer that contains a highly concentrated brine (up to six times as salty as sea water), but little is known about the source of the brine, its movement within the glacial sediments that partly fill the Onondaga Trough, and the interaction of the aquifer and the lake. This report summarizes initial data-collection and analysis efforts in the 25-mile long Onondaga Trough that extends from near Tully, N.Y., to the outlet of Onondaga Lake and presents results of some initial chemical and geographic analyses that will lead to the development of a mathematical ground-water-flow model of the valley-fill aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Onondaga Lake Cleanup Corporation and the Onondaga Lake Partnership","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., and Miller, T.S., 2005, Hydrogeology of the Valley-Fill Aquifer in the Onondaga Trough, Onondaga County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5007, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055007.","productDescription":"13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323607,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5007/sir20055007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2005-5007"},{"id":186424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5007/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"

Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db614f62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Todd S. tsmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Todd","email":"tsmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70439,"text":"sir20045099 - 2005 - Surface-geophysical investigation of a formerly used defense site, Machiasport, Maine, February 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T07:21:00","indexId":"sir20045099","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5099","title":"Surface-geophysical investigation of a formerly used defense site, Machiasport, Maine, February 2003","docAbstract":"

Surface-geophysical surveys were conducted in February 2003 at a formerly used defense site in Maine, where residual chlorinated solvents are affecting off-site domestic water-supply wells. The U.S. Geological Survey and Argonne National Laboratory used surface-geophysical methods, including ground-penetrating radar and seismic-refraction tomography, to characterize the lithology and structure of the bedrock at the site and to identify highly fractured areas that may provide pathways for ground-water flow and contaminant transport. Multifrequency electromagnetic and inductive terrain-conductivity methods also were evaluated, but these techniques were adversely affected by a nearby naval computer and telecommunications station.

Interpretation of the data from ground-penetrating radar indicates that depth to the weathered bedrock surface is approximately 0.5 to 3 meters. Reflections from within the bedrock are visible throughout all ground-penetrating radar profiles, and zones of scattered electromagnetic energy may correlate to zones of highly fractured bedrock. Interpretation of the data from seismic-refraction tomography inversion indicates that zones of relatively low seismic velocity and topographic lows may correlate with fractured and water-producing intervals within the bedrock. Integrated interpretation of the results from ground-penetrating radar and seismic-refraction tomography was used to locate boreholes along the surface-geophysical profiles. An integrated analysis of information obtained from the surface- and borehole-geophysical surveys and test drilling will be used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop a conceptual model of ground-water flow and solute transport at the site.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045099","usgsCitation":"White, E.A., 2005, Surface-geophysical investigation of a formerly used defense site, Machiasport, Maine, February 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5099, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045099.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":90521,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":186699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5099/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Machiasport","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.40416667,\n 44.6250000\n ],\n [\n -67.37916667,\n 44.6250000\n ],\n [\n -67.37916667,\n 44.65833333\n ],\n [\n -67.40416667,\n 44.65833333\n ],\n [\n -67.40416667,\n 44.6250000\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Eric A. 0000-0002-7782-146X eawhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-146X","contributorId":1737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Eric","email":"eawhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70438,"text":"sim2874 - 2005 - Principal faults in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-05T19:15:04.240718","indexId":"sim2874","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2874","title":"Principal faults in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area","docAbstract":"

Summary

This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District, documents and refines the locations of principal faults mapped in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area in previous studies. Numerous subsurface faults have been documented beneath the Houston metropolitan area at depths of 3,200 to 13,000 feet. Some of these subsurface faults have affected shallower sediments, offset the present land surface (which has resulted in substantial, costly damage), and produced recognizable fault scarps. Evidence from previous studies indicates that these faults are natural geologic features with histories of movement spanning tens of thousands to millions of years. Present-day scarps reflect only the most recent displacements of faults that were active long before the present land surface of the area was formed.

The precision of previously mapped fault locations was enhanced by overlaying mapped faults on a digital elevation model (DEM) of Harris County derived using light detection and ranging (Lidar). Lidar is a high-precision, laser-based system that enables collection of high-resolution topographic data. Previously mapped faults were adjusted to coincide with surface features that clearly indicate faults, which were made visible by the high-resolution topography depicted on the Lidar-derived DEM.

Results of a previous study, supported by this study, indicate that faults in the southeastern part of the metropolitan area primarily occur in well-defined groups of high fault density. Faults in northern and western parts of the metropolitan area tend to occur either individually or in pairs with little tendency to cluster in high-density groups.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2874","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District","usgsCitation":"Shah, S., and Lanning-Rush, J., 2005, Principal faults in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2874, HTML Document: 1 Plate: 35 x 23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2874.","productDescription":"HTML Document: 1 Plate: 35 x 23 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6437,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2874/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2874/pdf/sim2874plate.pdf","text":"Plate","size":"87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate"}],"scale":"20000","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.73333333333333,29.483333333333334 ], [ -95.73333333333333,30.083333333333332 ], [ -94.8,30.083333333333332 ], [ -94.8,29.483333333333334 ], [ -95.73333333333333,29.483333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667259","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, Sachin D.","contributorId":60174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Sachin D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanning-Rush, Jennifer","contributorId":38981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanning-Rush","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70436,"text":"sim2867 - 2005 - Topographic map of the Coronae Montes region of Mars - MTM 500k -35/087E OMKTT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:44","indexId":"sim2867","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2867","title":"Topographic map of the Coronae Montes region of Mars - MTM 500k -35/087E OMKTT","docAbstract":"This map is part of a series of topographic maps of areas of special scientific interest on Mars. The topography was compiled photogrammetrically using Viking Orbiter stereo image pairs. The contour interval is 250 m. Horizontal and vertical control was established using the USGS Mars Digital Image Model 2.0 (MDIM 2.0) and data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sim2867","usgsCitation":"Rosiek, M.R., Redding, B.L., and Galuszca, D.M., 2005, Topographic map of the Coronae Montes region of Mars - MTM 500k -35/087E OMKTT: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2867, 1 oversize sheet, 33 by 31 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2867.","productDescription":"1 oversize sheet, 33 by 31 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6987,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2867/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"502000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f77cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosiek, Mark R. mrosiek@usgs.gov","contributorId":824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiek","given":"Mark","email":"mrosiek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redding, Bonnie L. 0000-0001-8178-1467 bredding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-1467","contributorId":4798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redding","given":"Bonnie","email":"bredding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galuszca, Donna M.","contributorId":47870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galuszca","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70406,"text":"sir20045301 - 2005 - Effects of alternative instream-flow criteria and water-supply demands on ground-water development options in the Big River Area, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:47","indexId":"sir20045301","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5301","title":"Effects of alternative instream-flow criteria and water-supply demands on ground-water development options in the Big River Area, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Transient numerical ground-water-flow simulation and optimization techniques were used to evaluate potential effects of instream-flow criteria and water-supply demands on ground-water development options and resultant streamflow depletions in the Big River Area, Rhode Island. The 35.7 square-mile (mi2) study area includes three river basins, the Big River Basin (30.9 mi2), the Carr River Basin (which drains to the Big River Basin and is 7.33 mi2 in area), the Mishnock River Basin (3.32 mi2), and a small area that drains directly to the Flat River Reservoir. The overall objective of the simulations was to determine the amount of ground water that could be withdrawn from the three basins when constrained by streamflow requirements at four locations in the study area and by maximum rates of withdrawal at 13 existing and hypothetical well sites. The instream-flow requirement for the outlet of each basin and the outfall of Lake Mishnock were the primary variables that limited the amount of ground water that could be withdrawn. A requirement to meet seasonal ground-water-demand patterns also limits the amount of ground water that could be withdrawn by up to about 50 percent of the total withdrawals without the demand-pattern constraint. Minimum water-supply demands from a public water supplier in the Mishnock River Basin, however, did not have a substantial effect on withdrawals in the Big River Basin. Hypothetical dry-period instream-flow requirements and the effects of artificial recharge also affected the amount of ground water that could be withdrawn.\r\nResults of simulations indicate that annual average ground-water withdrawal rates that range up to 16 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) can be withdrawn from the study area under simulated average hydrologic conditions depending on instream-flow criteria and water-supply demand patterns. Annual average withdrawals of 10 to 12 Mgal/d are possible for proposed demands of 3.4 Mgal/d in the Mishnock Basin, and for a constant annual instream-flow criterion of 0.5 cubic foot per second per square mile (ft3/s/mi2) at the four streamflow-constraint locations. An average withdrawal rate of 10 Mgal/d can meet estimates of future (2020) water-supply needs of surrounding communities in Rhode Island. This withdrawal rate represents about 13 percent of the average 2002 daily withdrawal from the Scituate Reservoir (76 Mgal/d), the State?s largest water supply. Average annual withdrawal rates of 6 to 7 Mgal/d are possible for more stringent instream-flow criteria that might be used during dry-period hydrologic conditions. Two example scenarios of dry-period instream-flow constraints were evaluated: first, a minimum instream flow of 0.1 cubic foot per second at any of the four constraint locations; and second, a minimum instream flow of 10 percent of the minimum monthly streamflow estimate for each streamflow-constraint location during the period 1961?2000.\r\nThe State of Rhode Island is currently (2004) considering methods for establishing instream-flow criteria for streams within the State. Twelve alternative annual, seasonal, or monthly instream-flow criteria that have been or are being considered for application in southeastern New England were used as hypothetical constraints on maximum ground-water-withdrawal rates in management-model calculations. Maximum ground-water-withdrawal rates ranged from 5 to 16 Mgal/d under five alternative annual instream-flow criteria. Maximum ground-water-withdrawal rates ranged from 0 to 13.6 Mgal/d under seven alternative seasonal or monthly instream-flow criteria. The effect of ground-water withdrawals on seasonal variations in monthly average streamflows under each criterion also were compared. Evaluation of management-model results indicates that a single annual instream-flowcriterion may be sufficient to preserve seasonal variations in monthly average streamflows and meet water-supply demands in the Big River Area, because withdrawals from wells in the Big ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045301","usgsCitation":"Granato, G., and Barlow, P.M., 2005, Effects of alternative instream-flow criteria and water-supply demands on ground-water development options in the Big River Area, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5301, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045301.","productDescription":"118 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6964,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5301/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db624471","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70405,"text":"sir20045299 - 2005 - Response curves for phosphorus plume lengths from reactive-solute-transport simulations of onland disposal of wastewater in noncarbonate sand and gravel aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-06T16:52:28.621667","indexId":"sir20045299","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5299","title":"Response curves for phosphorus plume lengths from reactive-solute-transport simulations of onland disposal of wastewater in noncarbonate sand and gravel aquifers","docAbstract":"

Surface-water resources in Massachusetts often are affected by eutrophication, excessive plant growth, which has resulted in impaired use for a majority of the freshwater ponds and lakes and a substantial number of river-miles in the State. Because supply of phosphorus usually is limiting to plant growth in freshwater systems, control of phosphorus input to surface waters is critical to solving the impairment problem. Wastewater is a substantial source of phosphorus for surface water, and removal of phosphorus before disposal may be necessary. Wastewater disposed onland by infiltration loses phosphorus from the dissolved phase during transport through the subsurface and may be an effective disposal method; quantification of the phosphorus loss can be simulated to determine disposal feasibility. In 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, initiated a project to simulate distance of phosphorus transport in the subsurface for plausible conditions of onland wastewater disposal and subsurface properties. A coupled one-dimensional unsaturated-zone and three-dimensional saturated-zone reactive-solute-transport model (PHAST) was used to simulate lengths of phosphorus plumes. Knowledge of phosphorus plume length could facilitate estimates of setback distances for wastewater-infiltration sites from surface water that would be sufficient to protect the surface water from eutrophication caused by phosphorus transport through the subsurface and ultimate discharge to surface water.

The reactive-solute-transport model PHAST was used to simulate ground-water flow, solute transport, equilibrium chemistry for dissolved and sorbed species, and kinetic regulation of organic carbon decomposition and phosphate mineral formation. The phosphorus plume length was defined for the simulations as the maximum extent of the contour for the 0.015 milligram-per-liter concentration of dissolved phosphorus downgradient from the infiltration bed after disposal cessation. Duration of disposal before cessation was assumed to be 50 years into an infiltration bed of 20,000 square feet at the rate of 3 gallons per square foot per day. Time for the maximum extent of the phosphorus plume to develop is on the order of 100 years after disposal cessation. Simulations indicated that phosphorus transport beyond the extent of the 0.015 milligram-per-liter concentration contour was never more than 0.18 kilogram per year, an amount that would likely not alter the ecology of most surface water.

Simulations of phosphorus plume lengths were summarized in a series of response curves. Simulated plume lengths ranged from 200 feet for low phosphorus-concentration effluents (0.25 milligram per liter) and thick (50 feet) unsaturated zones to 3,400 feet for high phosphorus-concentration effluents (14 milligrams per liter) discharged directly into the aquifer (unsaturated-zone thickness of 0 feet). Plume length was nearly independent of unsaturated-zone thickness at phosphorus concentrations in the wastewater that were less than 2 milligrams per liter because little or no phosphorus mineral formed at low phosphorus concentrations. For effluents of high phosphorus concentration, plume length varied from 3,400 feet for unsaturated-zone thickness of 0 to 2,550 feet for unsaturated-zone thickness of 50 feet.

Model treatments of flow and equilibrium-controlled chemistry likely were more accurate than rates of kinetically controlled reactions, notably precipitation of iron-phosphate minerals; the kinetics of such reactions are less well known and thus less well defined in the model. Sensitivity analysis indicated that many chemical and physical aquifer properties, such as hydraulic gradient and model width, did not affect the simulated plume length appreciably, but duration of discharge, size of infiltration bed, amount of dispersion, and number of sorption sites on the aquifer sediments did affect plume length appreciably.

Because simulation of plume length in carbonate-mineral sediments indicated that the plume would be substantially longer than in noncarbonate-mineral sediments, the application of the response curves in locations with carbonate-mineral sediments would be inappropriate. The effect of carbonate minerals in sediments is to increase pH, which causes decreased sorption of phosphorus on aquifer sediments.

Phosphorus removal from solution by precipitation onto aquifer sediments is more efficient at high concentrations of disposed phosphorus than at low concentrations. At very low phosphorus concentrations, the solubility product of phosphorus minerals is not exceeded and no phosphorus mineral forms. An important consequence is that removal of dissolved phosphorus from the plume by processes in the subsurface is decreased the more that removal efforts are applied in treatment before wastewater is disposed.

Model simulations indicate that removal of phosphorus from wastewater disposed through septic systems would have the advantage of efficient phosphorus removal in the subsurface because phosphorus concentrations are high in septic-system effluent. Short plume lengths result from wastewater disposal through septic systems because of the efficient phosphorus removal and because of the low volume of wastewater involved. The simulation results for small-volume systems are not quantitative, however, because wastewater-infiltration rates are much lower than those of the higher-volume system that was used to calibrate the model and to create the plume-length response curves.

The response curves for phosphorus plume lengths, as defined by the maximum extent of the 0.015 milligram-per-liter concentration contour, is clearly defined in the model simulations, although the relation between simulated plume length and protective setback distance is subject to interpretation. Phosphorus does move beyond the point at which the simulated 0.015 milligram-per-liter concentration contour has stopped, so that a determination of protective setback distance must include a consideration of whether that continued flux, or some other flux amount, is appropriate. Also, simulations indicate that phosphorus plumes do not reach their full extent until 50 to 200 years after disposal cessation, depending on concentration of phosphorus disposed. No phosphorus plume has been monitored for that long after cessation, so there is no way to verify the long-term simulation results.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045299","usgsCitation":"Colman, J.A., 2005, Response curves for phosphorus plume lengths from reactive-solute-transport simulations of onland disposal of wastewater in noncarbonate sand and gravel aquifers: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5299, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045299.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6963,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5299/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2004_5299.jpg"},{"id":408044,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_71622.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.69677734375,\n 41.43449030894922\n ],\n [\n -69.8291015625,\n 41.43449030894922\n ],\n [\n -69.8291015625,\n 42.73087427928485\n ],\n [\n -71.69677734375,\n 42.73087427928485\n ],\n [\n -71.69677734375,\n 41.43449030894922\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6288cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, John A. 0000-0001-9327-0779 jacolman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-0779","contributorId":2098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"John","email":"jacolman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70393,"text":"sir20045266 - 2005 - Statistical summaries of streamflow in Montana and adjacent areas, water years 1900 through 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:03","indexId":"sir20045266","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5266","title":"Statistical summaries of streamflow in Montana and adjacent areas, water years 1900 through 2002","docAbstract":"In response to the need to have more current information about streamflow characteristics in Montana, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, and Bureau of Land Management, conducted a study to analyze streamflow data. Updated statistical summaries of streamflow characteristics are presented for 286 streamflow-gaging sites in Montana and adjacent areas having 10 or more years of record for water years 1900 through 2002. Data include the magnitude and probability of annual low and high flow, the magnitude and probability of low flow for three seasons (March-June, July-October, and November-February), flow duration of the daily mean discharge, and the monthly and annual mean discharges. For streamflow-gaging stations where 20 percent or more of the contributing drainage basin is affected by dams or other large-scale human modification, streamflow is considered regulated. Separate streamflow characteristics are presented for the unregulated and regulated periods of record for sites with sufficient data.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045266","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, P., 2005, Statistical summaries of streamflow in Montana and adjacent areas, water years 1900 through 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5266, 317 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045266.","productDescription":"317 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6940,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f3e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Peter 0000-0002-2396-7463 pmccarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2396-7463","contributorId":2504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Peter","email":"pmccarth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70391,"text":"sir20055024 - 2005 - Evaluation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence caused by hypothetical withdrawals in the northern part of the Gulf Coast Aquifer system, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T17:40:14","indexId":"sir20055024","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5024","title":"Evaluation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence caused by hypothetical withdrawals in the northern part of the Gulf Coast Aquifer system, Texas","docAbstract":"

During 2003–04 the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) and the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District (HGCSD), used the previously developed Northern Gulf Coast Ground-Water Availability Modeling (NGC GAM) model to evaluate the effects of hypothetical projected withdrawals on ground-water flow in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system and land-surface subsidence in the NGC GAM model area of Texas. The Gulf Coast aquifer system comprises, from the surface, the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, the Burkeville confining unit, the Jasper aquifer, and the Catahoula confining unit. Two withdrawal scenarios were simulated. The first scenario comprises historical withdrawals from the aquifer system for 1891–2000 and hypothetical projected withdrawals for 2001–50 compiled by the TWDB (TWDB scenario). The projected withdrawals compiled by the TWDB are based on ground-water demands estimated by regional water planning groups. The second scenario is a “merge” of the TWDB scenario with an alternate set of projected withdrawals from the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston metropolitan area for 1995–2030 provided by the HGCSD (HGCSD scenario).

Under the TWDB scenario withdrawals from the entire system are projected to be about the same in 2050 as in 2000. The simulated potentiometric surfaces of the Chicot aquifer for 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040, and 2050 show relatively little change in configuration from the simulated 2000 potentiometric surface (maximum water-level depths in southern Harris County 150–200 feet below NGVD 29). The simulated decadal potentiometric surfaces of the Evangeline aquifer show the most change between 2000 and 2010. The area of water levels 250– 400 feet below NGVD 29 in western Harris County in 2000 shifts southeastward to southern Harris County, and water levels recover to 200–250 feet below NGVD 29 by 2010. Water levels in southern Harris County recover to 150–200 feet below NGVD 29 by 2020 and remain in that range through 2050. A relatively small cone of depression in southern Montgomery County that did not appear in the 2000 surface develops and enlarges during the projected period, with a maximum depth of 250–300 feet below NGVD 29 in 2030, 2040, and 2050. The simulated decadal potentiometric surfaces of the Jasper aquifer each have a major cone of depression centered in southern Montgomery County that was minimally developed in 2000 but reaches depths of 550–650 feet below NGVD 29 in the 2020, 2030, 2040, and 2050 surfaces. Under the TWDB scenario the percentage of withdrawals supplied by net recharge increases from 75 percent in 2000 to 87 percent in 2050, and the percentage of withdrawals supplied by storage decreases from 25 percent in 2000 to 13 percent in 2050.

Under the HGCSD scenario, withdrawals from the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers increase about 74 percent during 1995–2030; Jasper aquifer withdrawals are unchanged from those of the TWDB scenario. For the 2010, 2020, and 2030 potentiometric surfaces of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, the substantially greater withdrawals of the HGCSD scenario relative to those of the TWDB scenario result in progressively deeper cones of depression than those in the potentiometric surfaces associated with the TWDB scenario—for the Chicot aquifer in southern Harris County, 400–450 feet below NGVD 29 in 2030; for the Evangeline aquifer in southern Montgomery County, 700–750 feet below NGVD 29 in 2030. Although Jasper aquifer withdrawals are the same for both scenarios, the major cone of depression centered in southern Montgomery County in the 2030 potentiometric surface is 50 feet deeper at its center (600–700 feet below NGVD 29) than the cone in the 2030 surface under the TWDB scenario. Under the HGCSD scenario, the percentage of withdrawals supplied by net recharge decreases from 72 percent in 1995 to 57 percent in 2030, and the percentage of withdrawals supplied by storage increases from 28 percent in 2000 to 43 percent in 2030. About 85 percent of the increase supplied by storage is from the compaction of clay.

Land-surface subsidence in the major area of subsidence centered in Harris and Galveston Counties during 2000–50 that results from simulating the TWDB withdrawal scenario expands slightly to the west and increases in places. The maximum change occurs in the Conroe area where subsidence increases from about 4 to about 13 feet during the projected period. Land-surface subsidence in the major area of subsidence during 1995–2030 that results from simulating the HGCSD withdrawal scenario increases substantially. For example, in east-central Harris County maximum subsidence increases from about 10–11 feet in 1995 to 22 feet in 2030.

The hypothetical projected withdrawal scenarios are estimates of future withdrawals and might not represent actual future withdrawals. The simplifying assumptions that the downdip limit of freshwater flow in each hydrogeologic unit is a stable, sharp interface across which no flow occurs and that the base of the system is a no-flow boundary become less realistic and thus increase the uncertainty in results as drawdowns increase. The presence of uncertainty dictates that the results of the predictive simulations described in this report be used with caution in any decision-making process.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board and the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District ","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., Reece, B.D., and Houston, N.A., 2005, Evaluation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence caused by hypothetical withdrawals in the northern part of the Gulf Coast Aquifer system, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5024, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055024.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6938,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341752,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5024/pdf/sir2005-5024.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.141845703125,\n 31.89621446335144\n ],\n [\n -97.734375,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -96.26220703125,\n 28.110748760633534\n ],\n [\n -92.867431640625,\n 30.107117887092357\n ],\n [\n -94.141845703125,\n 31.89621446335144\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4990","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reece, Brian D. bdreece@usgs.gov","contributorId":2129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reece","given":"Brian","email":"bdreece@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70373,"text":"b2172H - 2005 - Growth history of oil reserves in major California oil fields during the twentieth century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"b2172H","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2172","chapter":"H","title":"Growth history of oil reserves in major California oil fields during the twentieth century","docAbstract":"Oil reserves in 12 of California's 52 giant fields (fields with estimated recovery > 100 million barrels of oil) have continued to appreciate well past the age range at which most fields cease to show significant increases in ultimate recovery. Most of these fields were discovered between 1890 and 1920 and grew to volumes greater than 500 million barrels in their first two decades. Growth of reserves in these fields accelerated in th e1950s and 1960s and is mostly explained by application of secondary and tertiary recovery technicques, primarily waterflooding and thermal recovery. The remaining three-fourths of California's giant fields show a pattern of growth in which fields cease to grow significantly by 20-30 years following recovery. virtually all of these fields have estimated ultimate recoveries less than about 500 million barrels and most are in the 100-200 million barrel range. Three of six offshore giant fields, all discovered between 1966 and 1981, have shown decreases in their estimated ultimate sizes within about the first decade after production began, presumably because production volumes ailed to match initial projections.\r\n\r\nThe data suggest that:\r\n\r\n1. Only fields that attain an estimated ultimate size of several hundred million barrels shortly after discovery and have geologic characterisics that make them suceptible to advanced recovery techniques are likely to show substantial late growth.\r\n\r\n2. Offshore fields are less likely to show significant growth, probably because projections based on modern seismic reflection and reservoir test data are unlikely to underestimate the volume of oil in the field.\r\n\r\n3. Secondary and tertiary recovery programs rather than field extensions or new pool discoveries are responsible for most of the significant growth of reserves in California. \r\n\r\n4. field size data collected ove rmany decades provide a more comprehensive context for inferring reasons for reserve appreciation than shorter data series such as the Oil and Gas Integrated Field file (OGIFF) from the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration (EIA). \r\n\r\n5. Efforts to project future growth in California fields, and perhaps fields in other regions, should focus on evaulating the potential for enhanced recovery in fields with current estimated ultimate recoveries of about 250-500 million barrels. \r\n\r\n6. By analogy with oil, attempts to project growth in gas reservoirs, in California and perhaps elsewhere, should focus on larger fields with lower permeability reservoirs where advances in recovery technology, such as perhaps horizontal drilling, are more likely to add substantial reserves.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b2172H","usgsCitation":"Tennyson, M., 2005, Growth history of oil reserves in major California oil fields during the twentieth century (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2172, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2172H.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6533,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2172-h/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tennyson, Marilyn E. 0000-0002-5166-2421 tennyson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-2421","contributorId":23564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennyson","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"tennyson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70371,"text":"tm6C1 - 2005 - Middle Mississippi River decision support system: user's manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"tm6C1","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-C1","title":"Middle Mississippi River decision support system: user's manual","docAbstract":"This user's manual describes the Middle Mississippi River Decision Support System (MMRDSS) and gives detailed examples on its use. The MMRDSS provides a framework to assist decision makers regarding natural resource issues in the Middle Mississippi River floodplain. The MMRDSS is designed to provide users with a spatially explicit tool for tasks, such as inventorying existing knowledge, developing models to investigate the potential effects of management decisions, generating hypotheses to advance scientific understanding, and developing scientifically defensible studies and monitoring. The MMRDSS also includes advanced tools to assist users in evaluating differences in complexity, connectivity, and structure of aquatic habitats among river reaches. The Environmental Systems Research Institute ArcView 3.x platform was used to create and package the data and tools of the MMRDSS.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Book 6. Modeling Techniques, Section C. Decision Support Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tm6C1","usgsCitation":"Rohweder, J., Zigler, S.J., Fox, T.J., and Hulse, S.N., 2005, Middle Mississippi River decision support system: user's manual: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-C1, 59 p.; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6C1.","productDescription":"59 p.; CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6532,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/tm6c01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6352e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rohweder, Jason J.","contributorId":25629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"Jason J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zigler, Steven J. 0000-0002-4153-0652 szigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-0652","contributorId":2410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"Steven","email":"szigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fox, Timothy J. 0000-0002-6167-3001 tfox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6167-3001","contributorId":1701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"Timothy","email":"tfox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hulse, Steven N.","contributorId":93576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulse","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70368,"text":"b2209J - 2005 - Chapter J: Issues and challenges in the application of geostatistics and spatial-data analysis to the characterization of sand-and-gravel resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"b2209J","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2209","chapter":"J","title":"Chapter J: Issues and challenges in the application of geostatistics and spatial-data analysis to the characterization of sand-and-gravel resources","docAbstract":"Sand-and-gravel (aggregate) resources are a critical component of the Nation's infrastructure, yet aggregate-mining technologies lag far behind those of metalliferous mining and other sectors. Deposit-evaluation and site-characterization methodologies are antiquated, and few serious studies of the potential applications of spatial-data analysis and geostatistics have been published. However, because of commodity usage and the necessary proximity of a mine to end use, aggregate-resource exploration and evaluation differ fundamentally from comparable activities for metalliferous ores. Acceptable practices, therefore, can reflect this cruder scale. The increasing use of computer technologies is colliding with the need for sand-and-gravel mines to modernize and improve their overall efficiency of exploration, mine planning, scheduling, automation, and other operations. The emergence of megaquarries in the 21st century will also be a contributing factor. \r\n\r\nPreliminary research into the practical applications of exploratory-data analysis (EDA) have been promising. For example, EDA was used to develop a linear-regression equation to forecast freeze-thaw durability from absorption values for Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks mined for crushed aggregate from quarries in Oklahoma. Applications of EDA within a spatial context, a method of spatial-data analysis, have also been promising, as with the investigation of undeveloped sand-and-gravel resources in the sedimentary deposits of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, Utah. \r\n\r\nFormal geostatistical investigations of sand-and-gravel deposits are quite rare, and the primary focus of those studies that have been completed is on the spatial characterization of deposit thickness and its subsequent effect on ore reserves. A thorough investigation of a gravel deposit in an active aggregate-mining area in central Essex, U.K., emphasized the problems inherent in the geostatistical characterization of particle-size-analysis data. Beyond such factors as common drilling methods jeopardizing the accuracy of the size-distribution curve, the application of formal geostatistical principles has other limitations. Many of the variables used in evaluating gravel deposits, including such sedimentologic parameters as sorting and such United Soil Classification System parameters as gradation coefficient, are nonadditive. Also, uniform sampling methods, such as drilling, are relatively uncommon, and sampling is generally accomplished by a combination of boreholes, water-well logs, test pits, trenches, stratigraphic columns from exposures, and, possibly, some geophysical cross sections. When evaluated in consideration of the fact that uniform mining blocks are also uncommon in practice, subsequent complexities in establishment of the volume/variance relation are inevitable. \r\n\r\nSeveral approaches exist to confront the limitations of geostatistical methods in evaluating sand-and-gravel deposits. Initially, we must acknowledge the practical requirements of the aggregate industry, as well as the limitations of the data collected by that industry, as a function of what the industry requires at the practical level, and consider that broader acceptance of formal geostatistics may require modifications of typical exploration and sampling protocols. \r\n\r\nFuture investigations should utilize data from the full spectrum of sand-and-gravel deposits (flood plain, glacial, catastrophic flood, and marine), integrate such other disci plines as sedimentology and geophysics into the research, develop commodity-specific approaches to nonadditive variables, and include the results of comparative drilling. ","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Industrial-Minerals Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b2209J","usgsCitation":"Hack, D.R., 2005, Chapter J: Issues and challenges in the application of geostatistics and spatial-data analysis to the characterization of sand-and-gravel resources (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2209, iii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2209J.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2209-j/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9363,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2209/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hack, Daniel R.","contributorId":81572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hack","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70369,"text":"ofr20051137 - 2005 - Role of rock/fluid characteristics in carbon (CO2) storage and modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"ofr20051137","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1137","title":"Role of rock/fluid characteristics in carbon (CO2) storage and modeling","docAbstract":"The presentation ? Role of Rock/Fluid Characteristics in Carbon (CO2) Storage and Modeling ? was prepared for the meeting of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Houston, Tex., on April 6?7, 2005. It provides an overview of greenhouse gases, particularly CO2, and a summary of their effects on the Earth?s atmosphere. It presents methods of mitigating the effects of greenhouse gases, and the role of rock and fluid properties on CO2 storage mechanisms. It also lists factors that must be considered to adequately model CO2 storage.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051137","usgsCitation":"Verma, M., 2005, Role of rock/fluid characteristics in carbon (CO2) storage and modeling (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1137, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051137.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6531,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1137/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe22a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verma, Mahendra K. mverma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"Mahendra K.","email":"mverma@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70367,"text":"fs20053024 - 2005 - Steam explosions, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions -- what's in Yellowstone's future?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-06T08:35:26","indexId":"fs20053024","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3024","title":"Steam explosions, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions -- what's in Yellowstone's future?","docAbstract":"

Yellowstone, one of the world’s largest active volcanic systems, has produced several giant volcanic eruptions in the past few million years, as well as many smaller eruptions and steam explosions. Although no eruptions of lava or volcanic ash have occurred for many thousands of years, future eruptions are likely. In the next few hundred years, hazards will most probably be limited to ongoing geyser and hot-spring activity, occasional steam explosions, and moderate to large earthquakes. To better understand Yellowstone’s volcano and earthquake hazards and to help protect the public, the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Utah, and Yellowstone National Park formed the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, which continuously monitors activity in the region.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20053024","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., Christiansen, R.L., Smith, R.B., Morgan, L.A., and Heasler, H., 2005, Steam explosions, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions -- what's in Yellowstone's future?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3024, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053024.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3024.bmp"},{"id":6529,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.94543457031249,\n 44.12702800650004\n ],\n [\n -109.6490478515625,\n 44.12702800650004\n ],\n [\n -109.6490478515625,\n 44.85586880735725\n ],\n [\n -110.94543457031249,\n 44.85586880735725\n ],\n [\n -110.94543457031249,\n 44.12702800650004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, Robert L. 0000-0002-8017-3918 rchris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":4412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Robert","email":"rchris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Robert B.","contributorId":90824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan, Lisa A.","contributorId":66300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heasler, Henry","contributorId":62683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasler","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70238536,"text":"70238536 - 2005 - Lava fingerprinting using paleomagnetism and innovative X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: A case study from the Coso volcanic field, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-28T20:04:05.045371","indexId":"70238536","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-05T13:46:51","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lava fingerprinting using paleomagnetism and innovative X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: A case study from the Coso volcanic field, California","docAbstract":"

[1] We demonstrate an efficient method of rigorously separating difficult-to-distinguish lavas into eruptive units based on paleomagnetic remanence direction and rapid X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) for Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, and Nb of polished paleomagnetic core samples (called PC XRF). Combined use of paleomagnetic remanence and PC XRF for lava fingerprinting allows correlation of individual eruptive units from one locality to another, permitting compilation of composite stratigraphy and paleomagentic measurement of relative vertical axis rotation of fault-bounded blocks. We test this lava fingerprinting method on rocks from the Coso volcanic field, California, against similar fingerprinting using XRF analysis by established methods. Resulting unit definitions and correlations are the same by both XRF techniques when coupled with paleomagnetic data, but at great time and cost savings with PC XRF. PC XRF analysis is possible because (1) matrix and grain size effects are minimal for the element set analyzed, (2) moderately phyric to aphyric polished paleomagnetic cores are already homogenous on spatial scales of 2 cm, and (3) use of element ratios cancels out some analytical uncertainties as well as minimizes effects of concentration variations due to fractional crystallization. Paleomagnetic remanence direction is an indispensable part of fingerprinting because it distinguishes flows of similar chemistry and can also place constraints on the duration of emplacement of each eruptive unit.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004GC000707","usgsCitation":"Pluhar, C.J., Coe, R.S., Sampson, D., Glen, J.M., Monastero, F.C., and Tanner, S.B., 2005, Lava fingerprinting using paleomagnetism and innovative X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: A case study from the Coso volcanic field, California: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 6, no. 4, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000707.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gc000707","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.04839641495683,\n 36.274379632808035\n ],\n [\n -118.07723552628488,\n 36.24669628939671\n ],\n [\n -118.07860881730038,\n 36.22675820779591\n ],\n [\n -118.02230388565991,\n 36.17245656368851\n ],\n [\n -118.02367717667539,\n 36.13142832907448\n ],\n [\n -117.99483806534724,\n 36.0282085705788\n ],\n [\n -117.92754680558176,\n 35.918180669535985\n ],\n [\n -117.90557414933178,\n 35.804658289511096\n ],\n [\n -117.44140178605065,\n 35.82024941769022\n ],\n [\n -117.435908621988,\n 35.96487790254267\n ],\n [\n -117.48672038956613,\n 36.072620771600015\n ],\n [\n -117.49221355362847,\n 36.13586484865509\n ],\n [\n -117.5045731727693,\n 36.236727884195545\n ],\n [\n -117.61443645401926,\n 36.33635470926916\n ],\n [\n -117.77373821183195,\n 36.403807209056424\n ],\n [\n -117.81768352433193,\n 36.493284855579944\n ],\n [\n -117.90694744034741,\n 36.53743326893179\n ],\n [\n -117.95775920792553,\n 36.57273386197373\n ],\n [\n -118.06624919815998,\n 36.5804537169176\n ],\n [\n -118.08135539933183,\n 36.50322044439764\n ],\n [\n -118.0538895790195,\n 36.46788811527263\n ],\n [\n -118.05800945206633,\n 36.427015026568824\n ],\n [\n -118.03878337784734,\n 36.3452042703947\n ],\n [\n -118.04976970597232,\n 36.307586691878456\n ],\n [\n -118.04839641495683,\n 36.274379632808035\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pluhar, Christopher J.","contributorId":91321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pluhar","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Robert S.","contributorId":20477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sampson, Daniel E.","contributorId":247901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sampson","given":"Daniel E.","affiliations":[{"id":27155,"text":"University of California Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M.G. 0000-0002-3502-3355 jglen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-3355","contributorId":176530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monastero, Francis C.","contributorId":91276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monastero","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tanner, S. Bruce","contributorId":299420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanner","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003889,"text":"70003889 - 2005 - 87Sr/86Sr sourcing of ponderosa pine used in Anasazi great house construction at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T16:33:06.135745","indexId":"70003889","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-05T12:59:01","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"87Sr/86Sr sourcing of ponderosa pine used in Anasazi great house construction at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico","title":"87Sr/86Sr sourcing of ponderosa pine used in Anasazi great house construction at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Previous analysis of 87Sr/86Sr ratios shows that 10th through 12th century Chaco Canyon was provisioned with plant materials that came from more than 75 km away. This includes (1) corn (Zea mays) grown on the eastern flanks of the Chuska Mountains and floodplain of the San Juan River to the west and north, and (2) spruce (Picea sp.) and fir (Abies sp.) beams from the crest of the Chuska and San Mateo Mountains to the west and south. Here, we extend 87Sr/86Sr analysis to ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) prevalent in the architectural timber at three of the Chacoan great houses (Pueblo Bonito, Chetro Ketl, Pueblo del Arroyo). Like the architectural spruce and fir, much of the ponderosa matches the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of living trees in the Chuska Mountains. Many of the architectural ponderosa, however, have similar ratios to living trees in the La Plata and San Juan Mountains to the north and Lobo Mesa/Hosta Butte to the south. There are no systematic patterns in spruce/fir or ponderosa provenance by great house or time, suggesting the use of stockpiles from a few preferred sources. The multiple and distant sources for food and timber, now based on hundreds of isotopic values from modern and archeological samples, confirm conventional wisdom about the geographic scope of the larger Chacoan system. The complexity of this procurement warns against simple generalizations based on just one species, a single class of botanical artifact, or a few isotopic values.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2005.01.016","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, A.C., Betancourt, J.L., Quade, J., Patchett, P.J., Dean, J.S., and Stein, J., 2005, 87Sr/86Sr sourcing of ponderosa pine used in Anasazi great house construction at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 32, no. 7, p. 1061-1075, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2005.01.016.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1061","endPage":"1075","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Chaco Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.01054000854491,\n 36.00786740304298\n ],\n [\n -107.85346984863281,\n 36.00786740304298\n ],\n [\n -107.85346984863281,\n 36.08448256814837\n ],\n [\n -108.01054000854491,\n 36.08448256814837\n ],\n [\n -108.01054000854491,\n 36.00786740304298\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Amanda C.","contributorId":71680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":104197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patchett, P. Jonathan","contributorId":80225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patchett","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dean, Jeffery S.","contributorId":93612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stein, John","contributorId":70527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70343,"text":"sir20045118 - 2005 - Ground-water vulnerability to nitrate contamination at multiple thresholds in the mid-Atlantic region using spatial probability models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T13:11:54.712705","indexId":"sir20045118","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5118","title":"Ground-water vulnerability to nitrate contamination at multiple thresholds in the mid-Atlantic region using spatial probability models","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?s Regional Vulnerability Assessment Program, has developed a set of statistical tools to support regional-scale, ground-water quality and vulnerability assessments. The Regional Vulnerability Assessment Program?s goals are to develop and demonstrate approaches to comprehensive, regional-scale assessments that effectively inform managers and decision-makers as to the magnitude, extent, distribution, and uncertainty of current and anticipated environmental risks. The U.S. Geological Survey is developing and exploring the use of statistical probability models to characterize the relation between ground-water quality and geographic factors in the Mid-Atlantic Region. \r\n\r\nAvailable water-quality data obtained from U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program studies conducted in the Mid-Atlantic Region were used in association with geographic data (land cover, geology, soils, and others) to develop logistic-regression equations that use explanatory variables to predict the presence of a selected water-quality parameter exceeding a specified management concentration threshold. The resulting logistic-regression equations were transformed to determine the probability, P(X), of a water-quality parameter exceeding a specified management threshold. Additional statistical procedures modified by the U.S. Geological Survey were used to compare the observed values to model-predicted values at each sample point. In addition, procedures to evaluate the confidence of the model predictions and estimate the uncertainty of the probability value were developed and applied. The resulting logistic-regression models were applied to the Mid-Atlantic Region to predict the spatial probability of nitrate concentrations exceeding specified management thresholds. These thresholds are usually set or established by regulators or managers at National or local levels.\r\n\r\nAt management thresholds of 1 milligram per liter and 3 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, the probability of nitrate concentrations exceeding these levels is greater than 50 percent (0.50) throughout much of the Mid-Atlantic Region. This includes extensive areas throughout central Maryland, southeastern Pennsylvania, northwestern Pennsylvania, and the Delmarva Peninsula. In addition, extensive areas in North Carolina and Virginia also have high probabilities of nitrate concentrations in ground water exceeding management thresholds of 1 milligram per liter and 3 milligrams per liter. The mapped areas showing a high predicted probability of nitrate concentrations in ground water exceeding 1 milligram per liter and 3 milligrams per liter correspond to areas that are mapped as cultivated land cover and/or overlying carbonate rocks. At a management threshold of 10 milligrams per liter (corresponding to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard for nitrate in drinking water of 10 milligrams per liter), the predicted probability of nitrate concentrations in ground water exceeding this level is low for most of the Mid-Atlantic Region, except for the Delmarva Peninsula, southeastern Pennsylvania, and areas mapped as carbonate rocks in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045118","collaboration":"see related OFR 2004-1324","usgsCitation":"Greene, E.A., LaMotte, A.E., and Cullinan, K., 2005, Ground-water vulnerability to nitrate contamination at multiple thresholds in the mid-Atlantic region using spatial probability models: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5118, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045118.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438871,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BJM7HD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Probability of nitrate concentrations exceeding multiple thresholds in shallow groundwater, Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States"},{"id":6494,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696ab0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, Earl A. 0000-0002-9479-0829 eagreene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-0829","contributorId":3518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Earl","email":"eagreene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaMotte, Andrew E. 0000-0002-1434-6518 alamotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-6518","contributorId":2842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"Andrew","email":"alamotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cullinan, Kerri-Ann","contributorId":90821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullinan","given":"Kerri-Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70338,"text":"sir20055026 - 2005 - Review of the transport of selected radionuclides in the interim risk assessment for the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Waste Area Group 7 Operable Unit 7-13/14, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T06:50:55","indexId":"sir20055026","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5026","title":"Review of the transport of selected radionuclides in the interim risk assessment for the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Waste Area Group 7 Operable Unit 7-13/14, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) requested that the U.S. Geological Survey conduct an independent technical review of the Interim Risk Assessment (IRA) and Contaminant Screening for the Waste Area Group 7 (WAG-7) Remedial Investigation, the draft Addendum to the Work Plan for Operable Unit 7-13/14 WAG-7 comprehensive Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS), and supporting documents that were prepared by Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies, Inc.\r\nThe purpose of the technical review was to assess the data and geotechnical approaches that were used to estimate future risks associated with the release of the actinides americium, uranium, neptunium, and plutonium to the Snake River Plain aquifer from wastes buried in pits and trenches at the Subsurface Disposal Area (SDA). The SDA is located at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex in southeastern Idaho within the boundaries of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. Radionuclides have been buried in pits and trenches at the SDA since 1957 and 1952, respectively. Burial of transuranic wastes was discontinued in 1982.\r\nThe five specific tasks associated with this review were defined in a ?Proposed Scope of Work? prepared by the DOE, and a follow-up workshop held in June 1998. The specific tasks were (1) to review the radionuclide sampling data to determine how reliable and significant are the reported radionuclide detections and how reliable is the ongoing sampling program, (2) to assess the physical and chemical processes that logically can be invoked to explain true detections, (3) to determine if distribution coefficients that were used in the IRA are reliable and if they have been applied properly, (4) to determine if transport model predictions are technically sound, and (5) to identify issues needing resolution to determine technical adequacy of the risk assessment analysis, and what additional work is required to resolve those issues.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055026","usgsCitation":"Rousseau, J.P., Landa, E.R., Nimmo, J.R., Cecil, L.D., Knobel, L.L., Glynn, P.D., Kwicklis, E.M., Curtis, G.P., Stollenwerk, K.G., Anderson, S.R., Bartholomay, R.C., Bossong, C.R., and Orr, B.R., 2005, Review of the transport of selected radionuclides in the interim risk assessment for the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Waste Area Group 7 Operable Unit 7-13/14, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5026, 283 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055026.","productDescription":"283 p. 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DeWayne","contributorId":72828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"DeWayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knobel, LeRoy L.","contributorId":76285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobel","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kwicklis, Edward M.","contributorId":25970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwicklis","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Curtis, Gary P. 0000-0003-3975-8882 gpcurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-8882","contributorId":2346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"gpcurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Anderson, Steven R.","contributorId":6532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bossong, Clifford R.","contributorId":83183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossong","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Orr, Brennon R.","contributorId":18747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Brennon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70356,"text":"sir20055027 - 2005 - Monitoring-well network and sampling design for ground-water quality, Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"sir20055027","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5027","title":"Monitoring-well network and sampling design for ground-water quality, Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The Wind River Indian Reservation, located in parts of Fremont and Hot Springs Counties, Wyoming, has a total land area of more than 3,500 square miles. Ground water on the Wind River Indian Reservation is a valuable resource for Shoshone and Northern Arapahoe tribal members and others who live on the Reservation. There are many types of land uses on the Reservation that have the potential to affect the quality of ground-water resources. Urban areas, rural housing developments, agricultural lands, landfills, oil and natural gas fields, mining, and pipeline utility corridors all have the potential to affect ground-water quality. A cooperative study was developed between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Wind River Environmental Quality Commission to identify areas of the Reservation that have the highest potential for ground-water contamination and develop a comprehensive plan to monitor these areas.\r\n\r\nAn arithmetic overlay model for the Wind River Indian Reservation was created using seven geographic information system data layers representing factors with varying potential to affect ground-water quality. The data layers used were: the National Land Cover Dataset, water well density, aquifer sensitivity, oil and natural gas fields and petroleum pipelines, sites with potential contaminant sources, sites that are known to have ground-water contamination, and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System sites. A prioritization map for monitoring ground-water quality on the Reservation was created using the model. The prioritization map ranks the priority for monitoring ground-water quality in different areas of the Reservation as low, medium, or high. To help minimize bias in selecting sites for a monitoring well network, an automated stratified random site-selection approach was used to select 30 sites for ground-water quality monitoring within the high priority areas. In addition, the study also provided a sampling design for constituents to be monitored, sampling frequency, and a simple water-table level observation well network.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055027","usgsCitation":"Mason, J., Sebree, S.K., and Quinn, T.L., 2005, Monitoring-well network and sampling design for ground-water quality, Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5027, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055027.","productDescription":"50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6504,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699003","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, Jon P.","contributorId":26758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Jon P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sebree, Sonja K.","contributorId":36622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebree","given":"Sonja","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quinn, Thomas L.","contributorId":88812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70308,"text":"sir20055056 - 2005 - Snowmelt discharge characteristics Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T17:08:24","indexId":"sir20055056","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5056","title":"Snowmelt discharge characteristics Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"

Alpine snow is an important water resource in California and the western U.S. Three major features of alpine snowmelt are the spring pulse (the first surge in snowmelt-driven river discharge in spring), maximum snowmelt discharge, and base flow (low river discharge supported by groundwater in fall). A long term data set of hydrologic measurements at 24 gage locations in 20 watersheds in the Sierra Nevada was investigated to relate patterns of snowmelt with stream discharge In wet years, the daily variations in snowmelt discharge at all the gage locations in the Sierra Nevada correlate strongly with the centrally located Merced River at Happy Isles, Yosemite National Park (i.e., in 1983, the mean of the 23 correlations was R= 0.93 + 0.09) ; in dry years, however, this correlation breaks down (i.e., in year 1977, R=0.72 + 0.24). A general trend towards earlier snowmelt was found and modeled using correlations with the timing of the spring pulse and the river discharge center of mass. For the 24 river and creek gage locations in this study, the spring pulse appeared to be a more sensitive measure of early snowmelt than the center of mass. The amplitude of maximum daily snowmelt discharge correlates strongly with initial snow water equivalent. Geologic factors, base rock permeability and soil-to-bedrock ratio, influence snowmelt flow pathways. Although both surface and ground water flows and water levels increase in wet years compared to dry years, the increase was greater for surface water in a watershed with relatively impermeable base rock than for surface water in a watershed with highly permeable base rock The relation was the opposite for base flow (ground water). The increase was greater for groundwater in a watershed with permeable rock compared to ground water in a watershed with impermeable rock. A similar, but weaker, surface/groundwater partitioning was observed in relatively impermeable granitic watersheds with differing soil-to-bedrock ratios. The increase in surface flow was greater in a watershed with a low, compared to a high, soil-to-bedrock ratio; whereas the increase in ground water flow was greater in a watershed with a high, compared to a low, soil-to-bedrock ratio. Transects that include long-term observations of shallow well-water depth and chemistry would complement traditional hydroclimate data and provide a more complete understanding of hydrologic controls of snowmelt.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055056","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D., Smith, R., Stewart, I., Knowles, N., Soulard, C., and Hager, S., 2005, Snowmelt discharge characteristics Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5056, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055056.","productDescription":"17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6442,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 34.542762387234845\n ],\n [\n -117.83935546874999,\n 34.542762387234845\n ],\n [\n -117.83935546874999,\n 40.6306300839918\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 40.6306300839918\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 34.542762387234845\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5edf03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David","contributorId":15287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard","contributorId":34172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Iris","contributorId":87218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Iris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knowles, Noah 0000-0001-5652-1049 nknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-1049","contributorId":1380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Noah","email":"nknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soulard, Chris","contributorId":81576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hager, Stephen","contributorId":54678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156741,"text":"70156741 - 2005 - Supporting users through integrated retrieval, processing, and distribution systems at the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T10:14:14","indexId":"70156741","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":626,"text":"Acta Astronautica","printIssn":"0094-5765","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supporting users through integrated retrieval, processing, and distribution systems at the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center","docAbstract":"

The US Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) hosts the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC). The LP DAAC supports NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS), which is a series of polar-orbiting and low inclination satellites for long-term global observations of the land surface, biosphere, solid Earth, atmosphere, and oceans. The EOS Data and Information Systems (EOSDIS) was designed to acquire, archive, manage and distribute Earth observation data to the broadest possible user community.

The LP DAAC is one of four DAACs that utilize the EOSDIS Core System (ECS) to manage and archive their data. Since the ECS was originally designed, significant changes have taken place in technology, user expectations, and user requirements. Therefore the LP DAAC has implemented additional systems to meet the evolving needs of scientific users, tailored to an integrated working environment. These systems provide a wide variety of services to improve data access and to enhance data usability through subsampling, reformatting, and reprojection. These systems also support the wide breadth of products that are handled by the LP DAAC.

The LP DAAC is the primary archive for the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data; it is the only facility in the United States that archives, processes, and distributes data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission/Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on NASA's Terra spacecraft; and it is responsible for the archive and distribution of “land products” generated from data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.10.009","usgsCitation":"Kalvelage, T.A., and Willems, J., 2005, Supporting users through integrated retrieval, processing, and distribution systems at the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center: Acta Astronautica, v. 56, no. 7, p. 681-687, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.10.009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"687","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034c3e4b0f42e3d040e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalvelage, Thomas A. kalvelage@usgs.gov","contributorId":3364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalvelage","given":"Thomas","email":"kalvelage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":570326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willems, Jennifer","contributorId":53578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willems","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157054,"text":"70157054 - 2005 - C-band radar observes water level change in swamp forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-03T11:17:45","indexId":"70157054","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"C-band radar observes water level change in swamp forests","docAbstract":"

C-band radar pulses backscatter from the upper canopy of swamp forests, and consequently interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis of C-band imagery has not been exploited to study water level changes in swamp forests. This article explores C-band ERS-1 (European Remote Sensing Satellite) and ERS-2 InSAR data over swamp forests composed of moderately dense trees with a medium-low canopy closure in southeastern Louisiana to measure water level changes beneath tree cover.

\n

Wetlands cover more than 4% of the Earth's land surface and interact with hydrologic, biogeochemical, and sediment transport processes that are fundamental in understanding ecological and climatic changes [Alsdorf et al, 2003; Prigent et al., 2001 ; Melack and Forsberg, 2000;Dunne et al., 1998]. Measurement of water level changes in wetlands, and consequently of changes in water storage capacity, provides a required input for hydrologic models, and is required to comprehensively assess flood hazards [e.g., Coe, 1998].

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2005EO140002","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Crane, M., Kwoun, O., Wells, C.J., and Rykhus, R., 2005, C-band radar observes water level change in swamp forests: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 86, no. 14, p. 141-144, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005EO140002.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005eo140002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e96f2ee4b0dacf699e786d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":571356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crane, Mike","contributorId":99824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwoun, Oh-Ig","contributorId":41945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwoun","given":"Oh-Ig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wells, Christopher J. wellsc@usgs.gov","contributorId":5607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Christopher","email":"wellsc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":571359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rykhus, Russ","contributorId":53575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russ","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156517,"text":"70156517 - 2005 - Estimating stand structure using discrete-return lidar: an example from low density, fire prone ponderosa pine forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-24T11:32:28","indexId":"70156517","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating stand structure using discrete-return lidar: an example from low density, fire prone ponderosa pine forests","docAbstract":"

The ponderosa pine forests of the Colorado Front Range, USA, have historically been subjected to wildfires. Recent large burns have increased public interest in fire behavior and effects, and scientific interest in the carbon consequences of wildfires. Remote sensing techniques can provide spatially explicit estimates of stand structural characteristics. Some of these characteristics can be used as inputs to fire behavior models, increasing our understanding of the effect of fuels on fire behavior. Others provide estimates of carbon stocks, allowing us to quantify the carbon consequences of fire. Our objective was to use discrete-return lidar to estimate such variables, including stand height, total aboveground biomass, foliage biomass, basal area, tree density, canopy base height and canopy bulk density. We developed 39 metrics from the lidar data, and used them in limited combinations in regression models, which we fit to field estimates of the stand structural variables. We used an information–theoretic approach to select the best model for each variable, and to select the subset of lidar metrics with most predictive potential. Observed versus predicted values of stand structure variables were highly correlated, with r2 ranging from 57% to 87%. The most parsimonious linear models for the biomass structure variables, based on a restricted dataset, explained between 35% and 58% of the observed variability. Our results provide us with useful estimates of stand height, total aboveground biomass, foliage biomass and basal area. There is promise for using this sensor to estimate tree density, canopy base height and canopy bulk density, though more research is needed to generate robust relationships. We selected 14 lidar metrics that showed the most potential as predictors of stand structure. We suggest that the focus of future lidar studies should broaden to include low density forests, particularly systems where the vertical structure of the canopy is important, such as fire prone forests.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2004.12.001","usgsCitation":"Hall, S.A., Burke, I., Box, D.O., Kaufmann, M.R., and Stoker, J.M., 2005, Estimating stand structure using discrete-return lidar: an example from low density, fire prone ponderosa pine forests: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 208, no. 1-3, p. 189-209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.12.001.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"209","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Front Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.01806640624999,\n 39.49344386279537\n ],\n [\n -106.01806640624999,\n 39.782157335750675\n ],\n [\n -105.44952392578124,\n 39.782157335750675\n ],\n [\n -105.44952392578124,\n 39.49344386279537\n ],\n [\n -106.01806640624999,\n 39.49344386279537\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"208","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc402ee4b0518e354d10f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, S. A.","contributorId":146898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, I.C.","contributorId":47611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"I.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Box, D. O.","contributorId":146900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Box","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaufmann, M. R.","contributorId":74318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufmann","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stoker, Jason M. 0000-0003-2455-0931 jstoker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":3021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Jason","email":"jstoker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70184352,"text":"70184352 - 2005 - Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:25:56","indexId":"70184352","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils","docAbstract":"

Plant-based techniques were tested for field-scale evaluation of tritium contamination adjacent to a low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) facility in the Amargosa Desert, Nevada. Objectives were to (i) characterize and map the spatial variability of tritium in plant water, (ii) develop empirical relations to predict and map subsurface contamination from plant-water concentrations, and (iii) gain insight into tritium migration pathways and processes. Plant sampling [creosote bush, Larrea tridentata (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) Coville] required one-fifth the time of soil water vapor sampling. Plant concentrations were spatially correlated to a separation distance of 380 m; measurement uncertainty accounted for <0.1% of the total variability in the data. Regression equations based on plant tritium explained 96 and 90% of the variation in root-zone and sub-root-zone soil water vapor concentrations, respectively. The equations were combined with kriged plant-water concentrations to map subsurface contamination. Mapping showed preferential lateral movement of tritium through a dry, coarse-textured layer beneath the root zone, with concurrent upward movement through the root zone. Analysis of subsurface fluxes along a transect perpendicular to the LLRW facility showed that upward diffusive-vapor transport dominates other transport modes beneath native vegetation. Downward advective-liquid transport dominates at one endpoint of the transect, beneath a devegetated road immediately adjacent to the facility. To our knowledge, this study is the first to document large-scale subsurface vapor-phase tritium migration from a LLRW facility. Plant-based methods provide a noninvasive, cost-effective approach to mapping subsurface tritium migration in desert areas.

","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/vzj2005.0052","usgsCitation":"Andraski, B.J., Stonestrom, D.A., Michel, R.L., Halford, K.J., and Radyk, J., 2005, Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 4, no. 3, p. 819-827, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0052.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"819","endPage":"827","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4ffe4b014cc3a3ba53a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radyk, J.C.","contributorId":31176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radyk","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}