[1] The right‐lateral San Gregorio and San Andreas faults meet west of the Golden Gate near San Francisco. Coincident seismic reflection and refraction profiling across the San Gregorio and San Andreas faults south of their junction shows the crust between them to have formed shallow extensional basins that are dissected by parallel strike‐slip faults. We employ a regional finite element model to investigate the long‐term consequences of the fault geometry. Over the course of 2–3 m.y. of slip on the San Andreas‐San Gregorio fault system, elongated extensional basins are predicted to form between the two faults. An additional consequence of the fault geometry is that the San Andreas fault is expected to have migrated eastward relative to the San Gregorio fault. We thus propose a model of eastward stepping right‐lateral fault formation to explain the observed multiple fault strands and depositional basins. The current manifestation of this process might be the observed transfer of slip from the San Andreas fault east to the Golden Gate fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2004GC000838","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., Bruns, T.R., and Sliter, R.W., 2005, Structure and mechanics of the San Andreas–San Gregorio fault junction, San Francisco, California: Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geosystems, v. 6, no. 1, Q01009, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000838.","productDescription":"Q01009, 7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gc000838","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas-San Gregorio fault junction","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5638198852539,\n 37.77017196507861\n ],\n [\n -122.48004913330077,\n 37.77017196507861\n ],\n [\n -122.48004913330077,\n 37.8271414168374\n ],\n [\n -122.5638198852539,\n 37.8271414168374\n ],\n [\n -122.5638198852539,\n 37.77017196507861\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Tom 0000-0002-0582-4338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":22056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruns, Terry R.","contributorId":29420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruns","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69925,"text":"sir20045242 - 2005 - Summary of sediment data from the Yampa river and upper Green river basins, Colorado and Utah, 1993-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-19T19:17:11.507526","indexId":"sir20045242","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5242","title":"Summary of sediment data from the Yampa river and upper Green river basins, Colorado and Utah, 1993-2002","docAbstract":"The water resources of the Upper Colorado River Basin have been extensively developed for water supply, irrigation, and power generation through water storage in upstream reservoirs during spring runoff and subsequent releases during the remainder of the year. The net effect of water-resource development has been to substantially modify the predevelopment annual hydrograph as well as the timing and amount of sediment delivery from the upper Green River and the Yampa River Basins tributaries to the main-stem reaches where endangered native fish populations have been observed. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Division of Wildlife and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, began a study to identify sediment source reaches in the Green River main stem and the lower Yampa and Little Snake Rivers and to identify sediment-transport relations that would be useful in assessing the potential effects of hydrograph modification by reservoir operation on sedimentation at identified razorback spawning bars in the Green River. The need for additional data collection is evaluated at each sampling site. \r\n\r\nSediment loads were calculated at five key areas within the watershed by using instantaneous measurements of streamflow, suspended-sediment concentration, and bedload. Sediment loads were computed at each site for two modes of transport (suspended load and bedload), as well as for the total-sediment load (suspended load plus bedload) where both modes were sampled. Sediment loads also were calculated for sediment particle-size range (silt-and-clay, and sand-and-gravel sizes) if laboratory size analysis had been performed on the sample, and by hydrograph season. Sediment-transport curves were developed for each type of sediment load by a least-squares regression of logarithmic-transformed data.\r\n\r\nTransport equations for suspended load and total load had coefficients of determination of at least 0.72 at all of the sampling sites except Little Snake River near Lily, Colorado. Bedload transport equations at the five sites had coefficients of determination that ranged from 0.40 (Yampa River at Deerlodge Park, Colorado) to 0.80 (Yampa River above Little Snake River near Maybell, Colorado). Transport equations for silt and clay-size material had coefficients of determination that ranged from 0.46 to 0.82.\r\n\r\nWhere particle-size data were available (Yampa River at Deerlodge Park, Colorado, and Green River near Jensen, Utah), transport equations for the smaller particle sizes (fine sand) tended to have higher coefficients of determination than the equations for coarser sizes (medium and coarse sand, and very coarse sand and gravel). Because the data had to be subdivided into at least two subsets (rising-limb, falling-limb and, occasionally, base-flow periods), the seasonal transport equations generally were based on relatively few samples. All transport equations probably could be improved by additional data collected at strategically timed periods.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045242","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., and Anders, S.P., 2005, Summary of sediment data from the Yampa river and upper Green river basins, Colorado and Utah, 1993-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5242, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045242.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":188787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6987a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anders, Steven P.","contributorId":47466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69929,"text":"sir20045126 - 2005 - Development of a local meteoric water line for southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and south-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:35","indexId":"sir20045126","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5126","title":"Development of a local meteoric water line for southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and south-central Montana","docAbstract":"Linear-regression analysis was applied to stable hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) isotope data in 72 snow-core and precipitation samples collected during 1999-2001 to determine the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) for southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and south-central Montana. \r\n\r\nOn the basis of (1) residuals from the regression model, (2) comparison of study-area deuterium-excess (d-excess) values with the global range of d-excess values, and (3) outlier analysis by means of Chauvenet's Criterion, values of four samples were excluded from final regression analysis of the dataset. Regression results for the 68 remaining samples yielded a LMWL defined by the equation ?H = 7.95 18O + 8.09 (r? = 0.98). \r\n\r\nThis equation will be useful as a reference point for future studies in this area that use stable isotopes of H and O to determine sources of ground-water recharge, to determine water-mineral exchange, to evaluate surface-water and groundwater interaction, and to analyze many other geochemical and hydrologic problems.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045126","usgsCitation":"Benjamin, L., Knobel, L.L., Hall, L.F., Cecil, L.D., and Green, J.R., 2005, Development of a local meteoric water line for southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and south-central Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5126, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045126.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6280,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benjamin, Lyn","contributorId":89977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjamin","given":"Lyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knobel, LeRoy L.","contributorId":76285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobel","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, L. Flint","contributorId":53464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Flint","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cecil, L. DeWayne","contributorId":72828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"DeWayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Green, Jaromy R.","contributorId":57498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Jaromy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242740,"text":"pp1688I - 2005 - High-resolution seismic-reflection image of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70242740,"text":"pp1688I - 2005 - High-resolution seismic-reflection image of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia","indexId":"pp1688I","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"High-resolution seismic-reflection image of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":69857,"text":"pp1688 - 2005 - Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys","indexId":"pp1688","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":69857,"text":"pp1688 - 2005 - Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys","indexId":"pp1688","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-14T16:14:13.83648","indexId":"pp1688I","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-11T11:02:47","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1688","chapter":"I","title":"High-resolution seismic-reflection image of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia","docAbstract":"A 1-kilometer-long (0.62-mile-long) seismic reflection and refraction profile collected at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va., provides a detailed image of part of the annular trough of the buried, 35-million-year-old Chesapeake Bay impact structure. This profile passes within 5 meters (m; 16.4 feet (ft)) of a 635.1-m-deep (2,083.8-ft-deep), continuously cored and geophysically logged test hole at the Langley Center (the USGS-NASA Langley corehole). High-resolution seismic reflection images (having a common-depth-point spacing of 2.5 m (8.2 ft)) of the upper 1,000 m (3,281 ft) along the seismic profile were generated by using refraction velocities and corehole sonic velocities to convert from time sections to depth sections.
Time-distance, unmigrated depth-distance, and migrated depth-distance images show lateral variations in the geologic units observed in the USGS-NASA Langley corehole. A high-amplitude reflection at 630 to 625 m (2,067 to 2,051 ft) depth on the migrated depth image correlates with the top of weathered granite (the Langley Granite) at 626.3 m (2,054.7 ft) in the Langley core. Additional high-amplitude reflections below that depth likely represent a weathering profile developed in the upper part of the granite. Diffractions on the unmigrated images suggest that the granite contains numerous inhomogeneities that may consist of mineral veins and mineralized faults and fractures, as seen in the granite cores.
Above the granite, crater unit A (minimally to moderately disturbed sands and clays of the Cretaceous Potomac Formation) is characterized by semicontinuous, horizontal and moderately inclined reflections that are broken by pervasive, subvertical, small-offset faults. Sediments of the lower beds of crater unit A below 558.1 m (1,831.0 ft) in the core have horizontal bedding and are nearly pristine. Above that depth, the upper beds of crater unit A contain thick fluidized sand intervals and fractured clay-silt beds. The contact between the granite and crater unit A is essentially horizontal on the migrated depth profile and shows minor relief produced by a few steeply dipping faults.
Above crater unit A, the lower beds of crater unit B are lithologically similar to the upper beds of crater unit A and display similar impact-generated deformation. In the migrated depth image, crater unit A and the lower beds of crater unit B are combined into one unit. A thin zone (0.3 m (1.0 ft) thick) of injected glauconitic sediment at the base of the lower beds (at 442.5 m (1,451.7 ft) depth) is the only occurrence of exotic material in the lower beds of crater unit B in the core.
The upper beds of crater unit B (above 427.7 m (1,403.3 ft) depth) are represented by discontinuous, locally weak, isolated, or inclined reflections on the migrated depth image. In the core, the upper beds of crater unit B are divided into megablocks and megablock zones that consist of fragmented sediments of the Potomac Formation. The megablocks are separated by matrix zones that consist of smaller blocks of sediments of the Potomac Formation suspended in a matrix of native disaggregated sediments of the Potomac Formation and injected, exotic disaggregated, glauconitic Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary marine sediments. Angular relationships and offsets of reflections across the high-relief contact between the upper beds of crater unit B and the underlying combined crater unit A and the lower beds of crater unit B suggest that the contact is a dip-slip fault locally.
Above a contact with crater unit B at a depth of 269.4 m (884.0 ft), the Exmore beds are represented by strong, continuous and discontinuous, overstepping reflections that suggest division of the Exmore into four laterally discontinuous depositional subunits. Two of these subunits are present near the Langley corehole on the seismic images and are recognized in the core (Gohn and others, this volume, chap. C). In the Langley core, the Exmore beds consist of clasts of Cretaceous and Tertiary preimpact sediments and cataclastic, shocked, pre-Mesozoic igneous rocks suspended in a matrix of calcareous, muddy, quartz-glauconite sand and granules that contains shocked quartz.
The dipping, truncated, and disrupted reflections within crater units A and B are interpreted to represent a 550-m-wide (1,805-ft-wide), stratabound collapse structure. This structure does not affect the underlying basement granite or the lower beds of crater unit A, nor does it affect the base of the Exmore beds above crater unit B. The collapse structure is not bounded laterally by major normal faults. Instead, structural displace ments appear to be distributed among abundant short, smalloffset faults and intervals of fluidized sediment. Fluidized sands above 558 m (1,831 ft) depth in crater unit A are interpreted as a low-strength zone that accommodated the widespread, latestage, gravitational collapse of the impact structure. The pro posed Langley collapse structure may be analogous to stratabound grabens in the outer zone of the Silverpit crater (North Sea).
The Exmore beds are interpreted as impact-generated, ocean-resurge deposits. The upper contact of the Exmore section is a wavy, semicontinuous reflection that may represent large bedforms produced by resurge currents or returning impact-generated tsunamis, or it may represent the unmodified blocky or hummocky top of the final Exmore debris flow. Typically continuous, nearly horizontal reflections characterize the upper Eocene to Pleistocene postimpact section of dominantly marine sediments.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys (Professional Paper 1688)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1688I","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Powars, D.S., Gohn, G., and Goldman, M.R., 2005, High-resolution seismic-reflection image of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1688, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1688I.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415788,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2005/1688/ak/PP1688_chapI-508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay impact structure","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 36.35\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 36.35\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory 0000-0003-2000-479X ggohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-479X","contributorId":219822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldman, Mark R. 0000-0002-0802-829X goldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":1521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","email":"goldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":69871,"text":"sir20045261 - 2005 - Modeling hydrodynamics, temperature, and water quality in Henry Hagg Lake, Oregon, 2000-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T15:15:46.277083","indexId":"sir20045261","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5261","title":"Modeling hydrodynamics, temperature, and water quality in Henry Hagg Lake, Oregon, 2000-03","docAbstract":"The two-dimensional model CE-QUAL-W2 was used to simulate hydrodynamics, temperature, and water quality in Henry Hagg Lake, Oregon, for the years 2000 through 2003. Input data included lake bathymetry, meteorologic conditions, tributary inflows, tributary temperature and water quality, and lake outflows. Calibrated constituents included lake hydrodynamics, water temperature, orthophosphate, total phosphorus, ammonia, algae, chlorophyll a, zooplankton, and dissolved oxygen. Other simulated constituents included nitrate, dissolved and particulate organic matter, dissolved solids, and suspended sediment. Two algal groups (blue-green algae, and all other algae) were included in the model to simulate the lake’s algal communities. Measured lake stage data were used to calibrate the lake's water balance; calibration of water temperature and water quality relied upon vertical profile data taken in the deepest part of the lake near the dam. The model initially was calibrated with data from 2000-01 and tested with data from 2002-03. Sensitivity tests were performed to examine the response of the model to specific parameters and coefficients, including the light-extinction coefficient, wind speed, tributary inflows of phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter, sediment oxygen demand, algal growth rates, and zooplankton feeding preference factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045261","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A.B., and Rounds, S.A., 2005, Modeling hydrodynamics, temperature, and water quality in Henry Hagg Lake, Oregon, 2000-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5261, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045261.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430140,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5261/pdf/sir2004-5261.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":6207,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191922,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":430039,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70975.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Henry Hagg Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.25116546101336,\n 45.50766155966309\n ],\n [\n -123.25116546101336,\n 45.46699844607198\n ],\n [\n -123.195483774092,\n 45.46699844607198\n ],\n [\n -123.195483774092,\n 45.50766155966309\n ],\n [\n -123.25116546101336,\n 45.50766155966309\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69997d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Annette B.","contributorId":27150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annette","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207730,"text":"70207730 - 2005 - Paleoceanographic history of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, during the past 15,000 years based on diatoms, silicoflagellates, and biogenic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-08T12:43:01","indexId":"70207730","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-08T12:35:52","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoceanographic history of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, during the past 15,000 years based on diatoms, silicoflagellates, and biogenic sediments","docAbstract":"High-resolution records of calcium carbonate, biogenic opal, diatoms, and silicoflagellates from western Guaymas Basin gravity core GGC55 and piston core JPC56 and eastern Guaymas Basin DSDP Site 480 reveal a complex paleoceanographic history of the central Gulf of California during the past 15,000 years. Prior to ∼ 6.2 ka, the eastern and western Guaymas Basin proxy records were remarkably similar. After conditions similar to those of today during the Bølling–Allerod, the Younger Dryas (YD) saw a major drop in diatom production, coincident with increased calcium carbonate and tropical microfossils suggestive of El Niño-like conditions. Biosiliceous productivity began increasing during the latter part of the YD, but it was only during the earliest Holocene (11.6 to 11.0 ka) that conditions similar to those of the Bølling–Allerod returned to the central Gulf. Between around 11.0 and 6.2 ka, tropical diatoms and silicoflagellates were virtually absent from the central Gulf, as relatively cooler and fresher surface waters resembling those of the modern northern Gulf were present in the central Gulf. Beginning at about 6.2 ka, tropical diatoms and silicoflagellates began increasing in the central Gulf, and coccoliths returned to western Gulf sediments. The onset of modern-day monsoon conditions in the American Southwest required the presence of warm SSTs in the northern Gulf, which probably did not occur until after about 5.4 ka, when tropical diatoms and silicoflagellates became relatively common in the central Gulf. Modern east–west contrasts, which arise from late winter–early spring coastal upwelling on the mainland side and lower diatom productivity on the western side of the Gulf, commenced between 6.2 and 5.4 ka, possibly due to a shift in the direction of late winter–early spring winds more towards the southeast, or down the axis of the Gulf. This proposed wind shift might have ultimately been due to a late Holocene strengthening of ENSO-like conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier B.V.","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2005.04.001","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Bukry, D., and Dean, W.E., 2005, Paleoceanographic history of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, during the past 15,000 years based on diatoms, silicoflagellates, and biogenic sediments: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 56, no. 3-4, p. 81-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2005.04.001.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"102","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 29.726222319395504\n ],\n [\n -113.291015625,\n 28.304380682962783\n ],\n [\n -111.68701171875,\n 29.171348850951507\n ],\n [\n -112.9833984375,\n 30.467614102257855\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 29.726222319395504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70238537,"text":"70238537 - 2005 - Petrologic constraints on the thermal structure of the Cascades arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-28T20:19:27.792892","indexId":"70238537","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T14:09:44","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrologic constraints on the thermal structure of the Cascades arc","docAbstract":"Primitive late Cenozoic basaltic lavas from the Cascades volcanic arc near latitude 46°N comprise two distinct compositional groups. Group I includes samples with low Ba/Nb (<20) and other compositional similarities to oceanic island and MORB lavas from within-plate settings. In contrast, Group II exhibits enrichment of Ba and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depletion of Nb and high-field strength elements (HFSE) as seen commonly in calcalkalic lavas from other volcanic arcs. Lavas of both groups are widely distributed across the transect, and Group I lavas are found as much as 30–40 km trenchward of stratovolcanoes that define the High Cascades ‘volcanic front (VF)’. The most primitive lavas are sparsely porphyritic, have elevated Ni, Cr, and Mg#, high calculated magmatic temperatures (1200–1300 °C), and lack evidence of shallow (crustal level) storage and crystallization. Compositions of parental liquids were calculated for each primitive sample on the premise of Fe–Mg equilibrium with mantle peridotite. Assuming that such magmas ascended rapidly from accumulation zones in the mantle, we estimate P and T of segregation. We infer that (a) Group I magmas ascended from systematically greater depths (∼50–70 km) than Group II (∼30–50 km), implying the possible existence of compositional stratification in the mantle wedge; (b) Group I basalts show the least evidence for slab-derived contributions in their sources despite their apparently greater segregation depths (approaching the locus of the Cascadia slab beneath the frontal arc region); (c) Group II lavas with the strongest slab compositional signature have temperatures far exceeding the wet peridotite solidus at high pressure; and (d) the inferred thermal structure of the mantle wedge is very warm, implying a significant component of mantle upwelling and convection. Group I lavas are interpreted as decompression melts from this mantle, and their compositions suggest that their source was little modified by slab-derived contributions. We speculate that melting to produce Group II magmas occurs in the shallow mantle, possibly in response to heating by hot ascending Group I magmas. If true, it seems unlikely that the slab-like signal in Group II lavas can be attributed to modern slab inputs; rather, we postulate that this signature may reflect melting of lithospheric mantle domains containing a ‘stored’ slab-derived component inherited from earlier stages of Cascadia subduction. This scenario differs from the standard paradigm for subduction zones (SZs), and stresses the importance of convecting asthenospheric mantle in driving arc magmatism, particularly in warm subduction zones where slab fluid contributions likely are minimal. In contrast, because tectonic conditions in more typical volcanic arcs favor subduction of cooler, less dehydrated oceanic lithosphere, slab-derived fluids may promote extensive flux-melting in the wedge. Such melts may dominate the magmatic output and mask wedge contributions. The Cascade arc thus provides rarely afforded insights into arc magma genesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.07.016","usgsCitation":"Leeman, W.P., Lewis, J.F., Evarts, R.C., Conrey, R.M., and Streck, M.J., 2005, Petrologic constraints on the thermal structure of the Cascades arc: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 140, no. 1-3, p. 67-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.07.016.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"105","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Volcanic Arc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.1048519890231,\n 40.00920220023872\n ],\n [\n -120.00678924487796,\n 39.898804843550124\n ],\n [\n -119.86396697925346,\n 42.48015489474756\n ],\n [\n -121.05049041675323,\n 44.30808295012264\n ],\n [\n -119.76509002612816,\n 46.73332400231587\n ],\n [\n -119.89692596362812,\n 47.473642144488565\n ],\n [\n -119.34760955737804,\n 48.51028624872367\n ],\n [\n -119.56749847339817,\n 49.634628243685086\n ],\n [\n -121.23742034839842,\n 50.850074639020505\n ],\n [\n -129.46618011402336,\n 49.96083750032605\n ],\n [\n -125.86266448902299,\n 40.303087287044264\n ],\n [\n -124.1048519890231,\n 40.00920220023872\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"140","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leeman, William P.","contributorId":87142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, Jared F.","contributorId":299421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":7173,"text":"Rice University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evarts, Russell C. revarts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evarts","given":"Russell","email":"revarts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conrey, Richard M.","contributorId":41911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Streck, Martin J.","contributorId":194543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streck","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146125,"text":"70146125 - 2005 - Sediment-hosted lead-zinc deposits: A global perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-07T16:17:44.872299","indexId":"70146125","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sediment-hosted lead-zinc deposits: A global perspective","docAbstract":"Sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits contain the world’s greatest lead and zinc resources and dominate worldproduction of these metals. They are a diverse group of ore deposits hosted by a wide variety of carbonate andsiliciclastic rocks that have no obvious genetic association with igneous activity. A range of ore-forming processes in a variety of geologic and tectonic environments created these deposits over at least two billion years of Earth history. The metals were precipitated by basinal brines in synsedimentary and early diagenetic to low-grade metamorphic environments. The deposits display a broad range of relationships to enclosing host rocks that includes stratiform, strata-bound, and discordant ores.
These ores are divided into two broad subtypes: Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) and sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX). Despite the “exhalative” component inherent in the term “SEDEX,” in this manuscript, direct evidence of an exhalite in the ore or alteration component is not essential for a deposit to be classified as SEDEX. The presence of laminated sulfides parallel to bedding is assumed to be permissive evidence for exhalative ores. The distinction between some SEDEX and MVT deposits can be quite subjective because some SEDEX ores replaced carbonate, whereas some MVT deposits formed in an early diagenetic environment and display laminated ore textures.
Geologic and resource information are presented for 248 deposits that provide a framework to describe and compare these deposits. Nine of the 10 largest sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits are SEDEX. Of the deposits that contain at least 2.5 million metric tons (Mt), there are 35 SEDEX (excluding Broken Hill-type) deposits and 15 MVT (excluding Irish-type) deposits. Despite the skewed distribution of the deposit size, the two deposits types have an excellent correlation between total tonnage and tonnage of contained metal (Pb + Zn), with a fairly consistent ratio of about 10/1, regardless of the size of the deposit or district. Zinc grades are approximately the same for both, whereas Pb and Ag grades are about 25 percent greater for SEDEX deposits. The largest difference between SEDEX and MVT deposits is their Cu content. Three times as many SEDEX deposits have reported Cu contents, and the median Cu value of SEDEX deposits is nearly double that of MVT deposits. Furthermore, grade-tonnage values for MVT deposits compared to a subset of SEDEX deposits hosted in carbonate rocks are virtually indistinguishable.
The distribution of MVT deposits through geologic time shows that they are mainly a Phanerozoic phenomenon. The ages of SEDEX deposits are grouped into two major groups, one in the Proterozoic and another in the Phanerozoic. MVT deposits dominantly formed in platform carbonate sequences typically located within extensional zones inboard of orogenic belts, whereas SEDEX deposits formed in intracontinental or failed rifts, and rifted continental margins. The ages of MVT ores are generally tens of millions of years younger than their host rocks; however, a few are close (<~5 m.y.) to the age of their host rocks. In the absence of direct dates for SEDEX deposits, their age of formation is generally constrained by relationships to sedimentary or diagenetic features in the rocks. These studies suggest that deposition of SEDEX ores was coeval with sedimentation or early diagenesis, whereas some deposits formed at least 20 m.y. after sedimentation.
Fluid inclusion, isotopic studies, and deposit modeling suggest that MVT and SEDEX deposits formed from basin brines with similar temperatures of mainly 90° to 200°C and 10 to 30 wt percent NaCl equiv. Lead isotope compositions for MVT and SEDEX deposits show that Pb was mainly derived from a variety of crustal sources. Lead isotope compositions do not provide criteria that distinguish MVT from SEDEX subtypes. However, sulfur isotope compositions for sphalerite and galena show an apparent difference. SEDEX and MVT sulfur isotope compositions extend over a large range; however, most data for SEDEX ores have mainly positive isotopic compositions from 0 to 20 per mil. Isotopic values for MVT ores extend over a wider range and include more data with negative isotopic values.
Given that there are relatively small differences between the metal character of MVT and SEDEX deposits and the fluids that deposited them, perhaps the most significant difference between these deposits is their de-positional environment, which is determined by their respective tectonic settings. The contrasting tectonic setting also dictates the fundamental deposit attributes that generally set them apart, such as host-rock lithology, deposit morphology, and ore textures.
Brief discussions are also presented on two controversial sets of deposits: Broken Hill-type deposits and a subset of deposits in the MVT group located in the Irish Midlands, considered by some authors to be a distinct ore type (Irish type). There are no significant differences in grade tonnage values between MVT deposits and the subset that is described as Irish type. Most features of the Irish deposits are not distinct from the family of MVT deposits; however, the age of mineralization that is the same as or close to the age of the host rocks and the anomalously high fluid inclusion temperatures (up to 250°C) stand out as distinctly different from typical MVT ores. The dominance of bacteriogenic sulfur in the Irish ores commonly ascribed as uniquely Irish type is in fact no different from several MVT deposits or districts.
A comparison of SEDEX and Broken Hill-type deposits shows that the latter deposits contain significantly higher contents of Ag and Pb relative to SEDEX deposits. In terms of median values, Broken Hill-type deposits are almost three times more enriched in Ag and one and a half times more enriched in Pb compared to other SEDEX deposits. Metamorphism is a characteristic feature but not a prerequisite for inclusion in the Broken Hill-type category, and known Broken Hill-type examples appear to occur in Paleo- to Mesoprotero-zoic terranes. Broken Hill-type deposits remain an enigmatic grouping; however, there is sufficient evidence to support their inclusion as a separate category of SEDEX deposits.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic geology: One hundredth anniversary volume","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/AV100.18","usgsCitation":"Leach, D.L., Sangster, D.F., Kelley, K.D., Large, R.R., Garven, G., Allen, C.R., Gutzmer, J., and Walters, S., 2005, Sediment-hosted lead-zinc deposits: A global perspective, chap. of Economic geology: One hundredth anniversary volume, p. 561-608, https://doi.org/10.5382/AV100.18.","productDescription":"48 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"608","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":299605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552ce8bfe4b0b22a157f50bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leach, David L.","contributorId":83902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sangster, Donald F.","contributorId":7124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sangster","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. kdkelley@usgs.gov","contributorId":431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen","email":"kdkelley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Large, Ross R.","contributorId":260791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Large","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garven, G.","contributorId":34632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garven","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allen, Cameron R.","contributorId":260792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Cameron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gutzmer, J.","contributorId":45493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutzmer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Walters, Steve","contributorId":260793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walters","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70160117,"text":"70160117 - 2005 - Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: Annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-13T15:37:33.462145","indexId":"70160117","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: Annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2004","docAbstract":"The contents of this Annual Report summarize results of monitoring and research from the 2004 field season. The report also contains a summary of nuisance grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) management actions.
\nThe study team continues to work on issues associated with counts of unduplicated females with cubs-of-the-year (COY). These counts are used to establish a minimum population size, which is then used to establish mortality thresholds for the Recovery Plan (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS] 1993). A computer program that defines the rule set used by Knight et al. (1995) to differentiate unique family groups was completed in spring 2005. We will use an improved version of this model to verify the accuracy of the rules using known bears and their telemetry locations in test runs. We hope to have this work complete by the end of 2005.
\nThe grizzly bear recovery plan (USFWS 1993) established mortality quotas at 4% of the minimum population estimate derived from female with COY data and no more than 30% of the 4% (1.2%) could be female bears. Simulation modeling (Harris 1984) established sustainable mortality at around 6% of the population. We used the latest information on reproduction and survival to estimate population trajectory in the same simulation model originally used by Harris. A Wildlife Monograph has been accepted for publication and should be available by summer 2005. Our project addressing the potential application of stable isotopes and trace elements to quantify consumption rates of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) by grizzly bears was completed. Our manuscript on consumption rates of whitebark pine has been published (Canadian Journal of Zoology 81:763-770). The manuscript on fish consumption rates was also accepted and is published in the Canadian Journal of Zoology 82:493-501. Both can be found on the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team (IGBST) website http://www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/research/igbst-home.htm.
\nWe began a new study in Grand Teton National Park evaluating habitat use both temporally and spatially between grizzly and black (Ursus americanus) bears. We will employ a new form of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology that incorporates a spread spectrum communication system. Spread spectrum allows for transfer of stored GPS locations from the collar to a remote receiving station. Results of our first yea r’s field season are summarized in this report.
\nWhitebark pine (WBP) has been identified as one of the import ant fall foods of the Yellowstone grizzly bear. Previous efforts to map the distribution of WBP were for the Cumulative Effects Model. Consequently the only coverage of WBP distribution was for the grizzly bear Recovery Zone. We were successful in getting financial support through the U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing Program and Interdisciplinary Science Support Activities Project to create an ecosystem-wide map of the distribution of WBP. The results of that project are reported in Appendix A. The study team annually estimates WBP cone production on a series of transects. That information is reported annually in our reports. Concern over the long-term health of WBP prompted us to investigate the usefulness of cone counts as an indirect index of WBP health. Results of this analysis (Appendix B) indicated that cone production is too variable to serve this purpose. Consequently, we partnered with several 2 other agencies and embarked on a program to develop a long-term monitoring program directed specifically at WBP health in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Our team (Greater Yellowstone Whitebark Pine Monitoring Working Group) was successful in obtaining funds to develop and implement a WBP health monitoring program. Results of our first years work are presented in Appendix C. We also successfully competed for funds in 2005 and will continue to collect information on WBP health.
\nArmy cutworm moths (Euxoa auxiliaris) are also a very important food for a segment of the GYE grizzly bear population. Hillary Robison, graduate student at University of Nevada, Reno, is nearing completion of her program. In this report, we post her annual work summary, and abstracts of her most recently submitted publications. These include one on the levels of pesticides in cutworm moths and their potential affect on grizzly bears (Appendix D), a spatial analysis to identify army cutworm moth habitat (Appendix E), and the results of a preliminary analysis of pollen grains on the mouth parts of moths (Appendix F) to help identify which plant species are commonly fed upon.
\nHuman pharmaceuticals are receiving increased attention as environmental contaminants. This is due to their biological activity and the number of monitoring programs focusing on analysis of these compounds in various environmental media and compartments. Risk assessments are needed to understand the implications of reported concentrations; a fundamental part of the risk assessment is an assessment of environmental exposures. The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidance on the use of predictive tools (e.g., models) and monitoring data in exposure assessments for pharmaceuticals in the environment. Methods to predict environmental concentrations from equations based on first principles are presented. These equations form the basis of existing GIS (geographic information systems)-based systems for understanding the spatial distribution of pharmaceuticals in the environment. The pharmaceutical assessment and transport (PhATE), georeferenced regional exposure assessment tool for European rivers (GREAT-ER), and geographical information system (GIS)-ROUT models are reviewed and recommendations are provided concerning the design and execution of monitoring studies. Model predictions and monitoring data are compared to evaluate the relative utility of each approach in environmental exposure assessments. In summary, both models and monitoring data can be used to define representative exposure concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the environment in support of environmental risk assessments.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of hydrological sciences, part 13, groundwater","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Chichester","doi":"10.1002/0470848944.hsa161","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., 2005, Unsaturated zone flow processes, chap. of Encyclopedia of hydrological sciences, part 13, groundwater, v. 4, p. 2299-2322, https://doi.org/10.1002/0470848944.hsa161.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"2299","endPage":"2322","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98c7c3e4b0702d0e8465d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006443,"text":"70006443 - 2005 - Sexual differentiation in the distribution potential of northern jaguars (Panthera onca)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T09:34:18","indexId":"70006443","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T09:23:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":62,"text":"Proceedings","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RMRS-P-36","title":"Sexual differentiation in the distribution potential of northern jaguars (Panthera onca)","docAbstract":"We estimated the potential geographic distribution of jaguars in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico by modeling the jaguar ecological niche from occurrence records. We modeled separately the distribution of males and females, assuming records of females probably represented established home ranges while male records likely included dispersal movements. The predicted distribution for males was larger than that for females. Eastern Sonora appeared capable for supporting male and female jaguars with potential range expansion into southeastern Arizona. 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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Essentials of medical geology","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Glynn, P.D., 2005, Modeling ground-water flow and quality, chap. of Essentials of medical geology, p. 737-765.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"765","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10e419e4b034bf6a7ff3c0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Selinus, O.","contributorId":81767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selinus","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744991,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2002350,"text":"2002350 - 2005 - Lake whitefish and Diporeia spp. in the Great lakes: an overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:56","indexId":"2002350","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"66","title":"Lake whitefish and Diporeia spp. in the Great lakes: an overview","docAbstract":"Because of growing concern in the Great Lakes over declines in abundance and growth of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and declines in abundance of the benthic amphipod Diporeia spp., a workshop was held to examine past and current trends, to explore trophic links, and to discuss the latest research results and needs. The workshop was divided into sessions on the status of populations in each of the lakes, bioenergetics and trophic dynamics, and exploitation and management. Abundance, growth, and condition of whitefish populations in Lakes Superior and Erie are stable and within the range of historical means, but these variables are declining in Lakes Michigan and Ontario and parts of Lake Huron. The loss of Diporeia spp., a major food item of whitefish, has been a factor in observed declines, particularly in Lake Ontario, but density-dependent factors also likely played a role in Lakes Michigan and Huron. The loss of Diporeia spp. is temporally linked to the introduction and proliferation of dreissenid mussels, but a direct cause for the negative response of Diporeia spp. has not been established. Given changes in whitefish populations, age-structured models need to be re-evaluated. Other whitefish research needs to include a better understanding of what environmental conditions lead to strong year-classes, improved aging techniques, and better information on individual population (stock) structure. 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A total of 224 locations were obtained of cormorants actively diving, and presumed foraging, at the time of detection. A geographic information system was used to examine foraging distances from the nesting island, the water depth and type of substrate at preferred foraging sites, and to estimate kernel home ranges for analysis of individual foraging site fidelity. An explanatory model was developed to determine parameters affecting the distance to cormorant foraging sites. The mean distance to foraging locations of tagged cormorants from the colony site was 2,920 m (SE ?? 180 m, max = 14,190 m), and 52% of the locations were within 2,000 m of the nesting island. No cormorant was observed making daily foraging trips to outside water bodies. Mean foraging distance was greater during morning than in the afternoon, and there was a significant effect of the time of day on distance. There was no significant effect of sex date, a seasonal measure on distance to foraging location. Individual cormorants exhibited fidelity to specific foraging sites. Most cormorants foraged in close proximity to the nesting island much of the time, while those detected further from the island tended to return repeatedly to the same locations. Ninety percent of the foraging locations were in water depths ???7.5 m, and most were in water 2.5-5 m deep. 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G.","contributorId":24720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudstam","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mattison, P.M.","contributorId":103067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattison","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027581,"text":"70027581 - 2005 - Sediment calibration strategies of Phase 5 Chesapeake Bay watershed model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:37:39","indexId":"70027581","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sediment calibration strategies of Phase 5 Chesapeake Bay watershed model","docAbstract":"Sediment is a primary constituent of concern for Chesapeake Bay due to its effect on water clarity. Accurate representation of sediment processes and behavior in Chesapeake Bay watershed model is critical for developing sound load reduction strategies. Sediment calibration remains one of the most difficult components of watershed-scale assessment. This is especially true for Chesapeake Bay watershed model given the size of the watershed being modeled and complexity involved in land and stream simulation processes. To obtain the best calibration, the Chesapeake Bay program has developed four different strategies for sediment calibration of Phase 5 watershed model, including 1) comparing observed and simulated sediment rating curves for different parts of the hydrograph; 2) analyzing change of bed depth over time; 3) relating deposition/scour to total annual sediment loads; and 4) calculating \"goodness-of-fit' statistics. These strategies allow a more accurate sediment calibration, and also provide some insightful information on sediment processes and behavior in Chesapeake Bay watershed.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceTitle":"2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceDate":"19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA","language":"English","isbn":"0784407630","usgsCitation":"Wu, J., Shenk, G., Raffensperger, J.P., Moyer, D., and Linker, L., 2005, Sediment calibration strategies of Phase 5 Chesapeake Bay watershed model, in Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges, Williamsburg, VA, 19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005.","startPage":"133","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b895ae4b08c986b316daa","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moglen G.E.","contributorId":128404,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moglen G.E.","id":536623,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Wu, J.","contributorId":56998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shenk, G.W.","contributorId":106938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shenk","given":"G.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raffensperger, Jeff P. 0000-0001-9275-6646 jpraffen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646","contributorId":199119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raffensperger","given":"Jeff","email":"jpraffen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moyer, D.","contributorId":15817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Linker, L.C.","contributorId":51533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linker","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027699,"text":"70027699 - 2005 - The stability and Raman spectra of ikaite, CaCO3·6H2O, at high pressure and temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T12:34:16","indexId":"70027699","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The stability and Raman spectra of ikaite, CaCO3·6H2O, at high pressure and temperature","docAbstract":"Raman analyses of single crystals of ikaite, CaCO3·6H2O, synthesized in a diamond-anvil cell at ambient temperature yield spectra from 0.14 to 4.08 GPa; the most intense peaks are at 228 and 1081 cm−1 corresponding to Eg(external) and A1g (internal) modes of vibrations in CO2− 3 ions, respectively. These are in good agreement with Raman spectra previously published for ikaite in powder form at ambient temperature and pressure. Visual observations of a sample consisting initially of a mixture of calcite + water in a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell yielded a P-T phase diagram up to 2 GPa and 120 °C; the boundary for the reaction ikaite ↔ aragonite + water has a positive slope and is curved convexly toward the aragonite + water field similar to typical melt curves. This curvature can be explained in terms of the Clapeyron equation for a boundary between a solid phase and a more compressible liquid phase or largely liquid phase assemblage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am.2005.1783","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Shahar, A., Bassett, W.A., Mao, H., Chou, I., and Mao, W., 2005, The stability and Raman spectra of ikaite, CaCO3·6H2O, at high pressure and temperature: American Mineralogist, v. 90, no. 11-12, p. 1835-1839, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1783.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1835","endPage":"1839","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211094,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1783"}],"volume":"90","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb060e4b08c986b324e11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shahar, Anat","contributorId":89714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shahar","given":"Anat","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bassett, William A.","contributorId":47533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mao, Ho-kwang","contributorId":24927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"Ho-kwang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, I-Ming 0000-0001-5233-6479 imchou@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I-Ming","email":"imchou@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mao, Wendy","contributorId":93693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027831,"text":"70027831 - 2005 - Influence of thinning of Douglas-fir forests on population parameters and diet of northern flying squirrels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T14:09:46","indexId":"70027831","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of thinning of Douglas-fir forests on population parameters and diet of northern flying squirrels","docAbstract":"We investigated the effects of thinning young (35- to 45-yr-old) Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests on density, survival, body mass, movements, and diets of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) in the northern coast range of Oregon. We used a repeated measures, randomized block design with 3 treatments (control, moderate thinning, and heavy thinning) and 4 replicates to study diets and population characteristics from 1994-1997. Densities of flying squirrels were variable in space and time, but they were positively correlated to biomass and frequency of fungal sporocarps, suggesting they were responding to food resources rather than forest structure. Fungal sporocarps comprised a major portion of the squirrel's diet, and other vegetative material made up the remainder of the diet. Several fungal genera including Gautieria, Geopora, Hymenogaster, Hysterangium, Melanogaster, and Rhizopogon were found more frequently in diets than on the trapping grids and therefore appeared to be selected by the squirrels. Flying squirrel movements were negatively correlated with the frequency of occurrence of fungal sporocarps at trap stations, suggesting that squirrels traveled greater distances to find fungal sporocarps where these food items were more sparsely distributed. We hypothesized that flying squirrel densities would be relatively low in these young, structurally simple forests; however, densities on some of the grids were >1.5 squirrels/ha, which was comparable to densities described for the species in late-successional forests. Our results indicated that commercial thinning did not have measurable short-term effects on density, survival, or body mass of flying squirrels.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1670:IOTODF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Gomez, D., Anthony, R., and Hayes, J.P., 2005, Influence of thinning of Douglas-fir forests on population parameters and diet of northern flying squirrels: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 4, p. 1670-1682, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1670:IOTODF]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1670","endPage":"1682","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210965,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1670:IOTODF]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b8ee4b0c8380cd6263e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomez, D.M.","contributorId":84719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, J. P.","contributorId":42565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015262,"text":"1015262 - 2005 - Recent water temperature trends in the Lower Klamath River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T19:35:45","indexId":"1015262","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent water temperature trends in the Lower Klamath River, California","docAbstract":"Elevated water temperatures have been implicated as a factor limiting the recovery of anadromous salmonids in the Klamath River basin. This article reviews evidence of a multidecade trend of increasing temperatures in the lower main-stem Klamath River above the ocean and, based on model simulations, finds a high probability that water temperature has been increasing by approximately 0.5°C/decade (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42–0.60°C/decade) since the early 1960s. The season of high temperatures that are potentially stressful to salmonids has lengthened by about 1 month over the period studied, and the average length of main-stem river with cool summer temperatures has declined by about 8.2 km/decade. Water temperature trends seem unrelated to any change in main-stem water availability but are consistent with measured basinwide air temperature increases. Main-stem warming may be related to the cyclic Pacific Decadal Oscillation, but if this trend continues it might jeopardize the recovery of anadromous salmonids in the Klamath River basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M04-007.1","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., 2005, Recent water temperature trends in the Lower Klamath River, California: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 25, no. 1, p. 152-162, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-007.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"162","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689fb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72260,"text":"ofr20051221 - 2005 - Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: An annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T11:35:20","indexId":"ofr20051221","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1221","title":"Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: An annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"This bibliography and associated literature synthesis (Melcher and Skagen, 2005) was developed for the Playa Lakes Joint Venture (PLJV). The PLJV sought compilation and annotation of the literature on grass buffers for protecting playas from runoff containing sediments, nutrients, pesticides, and other contaminants. In addition, PLJV sought information regarding the extent to which buffers may attenuate the precipitation runoff needed to fill playas, and avian use of buffers. We emphasize grass buffers, but we also provide information on other buffer types.
\nThere are a number of relatively synonymous terms that describe grass buffers for wetlands. They include: buffer strip, vegetated filter strip (VFS), grass buffer, grass filter, grass hedge, and grassed waterway (GW), among others (see McKague and others, 1996). Although some of these terms represent slightly different designs, placements, and/or purposes, they all perform similar functions. In this document, we use ‘buffer’ and VFS more or less interchangeably; other types are specified by name (e.g., grass hedges).
\nOur bibliography is by no means exhaustive, as the body of literature potentially relevant to playas and wetland buffers is vast. Thus, we attempted to include and annotate at least 1–3 papers by numerous researchers heavily involved in buffer research and modeling. We also included single papers by other researchers to increase the spectrum of regional focus, watershed/wetland conditions, research approaches, researcher expertise, and the time over which buffer theories/practices have evolved. We found virtually no literature specific to buffers for playas (confirmed by D.A. Haukos, oral. commun., 2005); thus, we conducted interviews with playa scientists to glean information on possible buffer design and management specifically for playas. We did, however, find a significant body of literature on the results of controlled experiments designed to test buffer effectiveness, an important first step towards validating buffer effectiveness in real-world situations.
\nOf the literature on playa ecology, flora, and wildlife, we found that most focuses on playa basins and wetlands rather than the surrounding uplands and grasslands; furthermore, most of the empirical work on playa ecology has taken place in the Southern High Plains (SHP; i.e., Texas and Oklahoma panhandles, southeastern Colorado, and southwestern Kansas) because many wetlands in other portions of the PLJV region (Fig. 1) were only recently recognized as playas. Finally, we found few papers on avian use of buffers; therefore, we focused on those that report on avian use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields or lands enrolled in similar programs.
\nReferences on best management practices (BMPs) for agricultural lands were included because certain BMPs are crucial for informing decisions about buffer design/ effectiveness and overall playa ecology. We also included various papers that increase the spectrum of time over which buffer theories and practices have evolved. An unannotated section lists references that we did not prioritize for annotation and references that may be helpful but were beyond the scope of this document. Finally, we provide notes on conversations we had with scientists, land managers, and other buffer experts whom we consulted, and their contact information. We conclude the bibliography with appendices of common and scientific names of birds and plants and acronyms used in both the bibliography. In the annotations, italicized text signifies our own editorial remarks. Readers should also note that much of the work on buffers has been designed using English units of measure rather than metrics; in most cases, their results have been converted to metrics for publication, explaining the seemingly odd or irregular buffer widths and other parameters reported.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051221","usgsCitation":"Melcher, C.P., and Skagen, S.K., 2005, Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: An annotated bibliography (Revised and reprinted 2005): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1221, iv, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051221.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051221.PNG"},{"id":321048,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20051220","text":"Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: A literature synthesis"},{"id":320248,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revised and reprinted 2005","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2afb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":285285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72259,"text":"ofr20051224 - 2005 - Analyzing stakeholder preferences for managing elk and bison at the National Elk Refuge and Grand Teton National Park: An example of the disparate stakeholder management approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T15:39:55","indexId":"ofr20051224","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1224","title":"Analyzing stakeholder preferences for managing elk and bison at the National Elk Refuge and Grand Teton National Park: An example of the disparate stakeholder management approach","docAbstract":"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Park Service (NPS) are preparing a management plan for bison and elk inhabiting the National Elk Refuge (NER) and Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) near Jackson Hole, Wyoming. A management plan is needed to evaluate current and possible changes to habitat management, disease management, winter feeding and hunting programs related to the NER and GTNP. In order to make good decisions, managers need to incorporate the opinions and values of the involved stakeholders as well as understand the complex institutional constraints and opportunities that influence the decision making process. Federal, state, local, private and public stakeholders have diverse values and preferences about how to use and manage resources, and underlying institutional factors give certain stakeholders more influence over the outcome. How stakeholders use their influence can greatly affect the time, effort and costs of the decision making process. The overall result will depend both on the stakeholder’s relative power and level of conviction for their preferences.
\nMany programs and tools have been developed by different disciplines to facilitate group negotiation and decision making. Three examples are relevant here. First, decision analysis models such as the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) are commonly used to prioritize the goals and objectives of stakeholders’ preferences for resource planning by formally structuring conflicts and assisting decision makers in developing a compromised solution (Forman, 1998). Second, institutional models such as the Legal Institutional Analysis Model (LIAM) have been used to describe the organizational rules of behavior and the institutional boundaries constraining management decisions (Lamb and others, 1998). Finally, public choice models have been used to predict the potential success of rent-seeking activity (spending additional time and money to exert political pressure) to change the political rules (Becker, 1983). While these tools have been successful at addressing various pieces of the natural resource decision making process, their use in isolation is not enough to fully depict the complexities of the physical and biological systems with the rules and constraints of the underlying economic and political systems. An approach is needed that combines natural sciences, economics, and politics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051224","usgsCitation":"Koontz, L., and Hoag, D.L., 2005, Analyzing stakeholder preferences for managing elk and bison at the National Elk Refuge and Grand Teton National Park: An example of the disparate stakeholder management approach: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1224, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051224.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051224.PNG"},{"id":320237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1224/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park, National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0223388671875,\n 43.48780125691884\n ],\n [\n -111.0223388671875,\n 44.081666311450526\n ],\n [\n -110.47714233398436,\n 44.081666311450526\n ],\n [\n -110.47714233398436,\n 43.48780125691884\n ],\n [\n -111.0223388671875,\n 43.48780125691884\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c38b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":285283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoag, Dana L.","contributorId":40294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoag","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015257,"text":"1015257 - 2005 - Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: An assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three cold desert rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T13:03:01","indexId":"1015257","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: An assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three cold desert rivers","docAbstract":"I analyzed annual height growth and survivorship of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii S. Watson) saplings on three floodplains in Colorado and Utah to assess responses to interannual variation in flow regime and summer precipitation. Mammal exclosures, supplemented with an insecticide treatment at one site, were used to assess flow regime herbivore interactions. Multiple regression analyses on data collected over 711 years indicated that growth of continuously injury-free saplings was positively related to either peak discharge or the maximum 30-day discharge but was not related to interannual decline in the late-summer river stage (ΔWMIN) or precipitation. Growth was fastest where ΔWMIN was smallest and depth to the late-summer water table moderate (≤1.5 m). Survivorship increased with ΔWMIN where the water table was at shallow depths. Herbivory reduced long-term height growth and survivorship by up to 60% and 50%, respectively. The results support the concept that flow history and environmental context determine whether a particular flow will have a net positive or negative influence on growth and survivorship and suggest that the flow regime that best promotes sapling growth and survival along managed rivers features a short spring flood pulse and constant base flow, with no interannual variation in the hydrograph. Because environmental contexts vary, interannual variation may be necessary for best overall stand performance.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/x05-203","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., 2005, Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: An assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three cold desert rivers: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 35, no. 12, p. 2886-2899, https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-203.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2886","endPage":"2899","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027588,"text":"70027588 - 2005 - Seasonal seismicity at western United States volcanic centers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T09:32:06","indexId":"70027588","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal seismicity at western United States volcanic centers","docAbstract":"We examine 20-yr data sets of seismic activity from 10 volcanic areas in the western United States for annual periodic signals (seasonality), focusing on large calderas (Long Valley caldera and Yellowstone) and stratovolcanoes (Cascade Range). We apply several statistical methods to test for seasonality in the seismic catalogs. In 4 of the 10 regions, statistically significant seasonal modulation of seismicity (> 90% probability) occurs, such that there is an increase in the monthly seismicity during a given portion of the year. In five regions, seasonal seismicity is significant in the upper 3 km of the crust. Peak seismicity occurs in the summer and autumn in Mt. St. Helens, Hebgen Lake/Madison Valley, Yellowstone Lake, and Mammoth Mountain. In the eastern south moat of Long Valley caldera (LVC) peak seismicity occurs in the winter and spring. We quantify the possible external forcing mechanisms that could modulate seasonal seismicity. Both snow unloading and groundwater recharge can generate large stress changes of > 5 kPa at seismogenic depths and may thus contribute to seasonality. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.012","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Christiansen, L., Hurwitz, S., Saar, M., Ingebritsen, S.E., and Hsieh, P.A., 2005, Seasonal seismicity at western United States volcanic centers: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 240, no. 2, p. 307-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.012.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"240","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88d7e4b08c986b316bc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christiansen, L.B.","contributorId":37952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saar, M.O.","contributorId":26506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saar","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hsieh, P. A.","contributorId":40596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027413,"text":"70027413 - 2005 - Generation and verification of theoretical rating curves in the Whitewater River basin, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70027413","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation and verification of theoretical rating curves in the Whitewater River basin, Kansas","docAbstract":"[1] A new method for generating stage-discharge relations (rating curves) for geomorphically stable channels is presented and applied to two streams in the Whitewater River basin, Kansas. The approach converts measurements of stage into discharge using a fluid mechanically based model. The model does not use empirical roughness coefficients, such as Manning coefficients, but rather determines channel roughness from field measurements of the (1) channel geometry, (2) the physical roughness of the bed, banks, and floodplain, and (3) the vegetation density on the banks and floodplain. These measurements are used to calculate explicitly the drag on the small-scale topographic features on the boundary, the drag on the stems and branches of woody vegetation, and the friction on the bed, banks, and floodplain. The theoretical rating curves produced by the model for two study reaches, which are near U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gauging stations, are in good agreement with direct measurements of discharge made by the USGS. Our method has the potential of providing accurate estimates of stream flows less expensively than conventional gauging methods. In addition, the method can be used to obtain more accurate discharge estimates than conventional indirect methods for determining discharge, which are based on estimates of Manning's coefficient.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JF000250","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kean, J., and Smith, J., 2005, Generation and verification of theoretical rating curves in the Whitewater River basin, Kansas: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 110, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JF000250.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477939,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jf000250","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JF000250"},{"id":238409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1550e4b0c8380cd54d57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kean, J. W. 0000-0003-3089-0369","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":71679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, J.D.","contributorId":35796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}