{"pageNumber":"1027","pageRowStart":"25650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":69722,"text":"mf2410 - 2003 - Geologic map of the Upper Hurricane Wash and vicinity, Mohave County, northwestern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:23","indexId":"mf2410","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2410","title":"Geologic map of the Upper Hurricane Wash and vicinity, Mohave County, northwestern Arizona","docAbstract":"      This digital map database is compiled from unpublished open file reports by the author and represents the general distribution of surficial and bedrock geology in the mapped area. The map area lies within the Shivwits and Uikaret Plateaus, together with the accompanying pamphlet, it provides current information on the geologic structure, stratigraph, and Cenozoic geology of the area.  The database delineates map units that are identified by age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. The scale of the source maps limits the spatial resolution of the database to 1:31,680 or smaller.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2410","usgsCitation":"Billingsley, G.H., and Dyer, H.C., 2003, Geologic map of the Upper Hurricane Wash and vicinity, Mohave County, northwestern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2410, 24 p. and 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2410.","productDescription":"24 p. and 1 sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110475,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62879.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"62879"},{"id":187816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6392,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2003/2410/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"31680","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.5,36.5 ], [ -113.5,36.75 ], [ -113.25,36.75 ], [ -113.25,36.5 ], [ -113.5,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a254","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billingsley, George H.","contributorId":20711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyer, Helen C.","contributorId":86432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyer","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69695,"text":"mf2418 - 2003 - Geologic map of upper Clayhole Valley and vicinity, Mohave County, northwestern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:34","indexId":"mf2418","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2418","title":"Geologic map of upper Clayhole Valley and vicinity, Mohave County, northwestern Arizona","docAbstract":"      This digital map database is compiled from unpublished data and new mapping by the authors and represents the general distribution of surficial and bedrock geology in the mapped area. Together with the accompanying pamphlet, it provides current information on the geologic structure and stratigraphy of the area. The database delineates map units that are identified by age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. The scale of the source maps limits the spatial resolution of the database to 1:31,680 or smaller.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2418","usgsCitation":"Billingsley, G.H., and Priest, S.S., 2003, Geologic map of upper Clayhole Valley and vicinity, Mohave County, northwestern Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2418, 29 p. and 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2418.","productDescription":"29 p. and 1 sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110431,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_55231.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"55231"},{"id":6368,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2003/2418/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"31680","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.25,36.5 ], [ -113.25,36.75 ], [ -113,36.75 ], [ -113,36.5 ], [ -113.25,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688786","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billingsley, George H.","contributorId":20711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Priest, Susan S. spriest@usgs.gov","contributorId":30204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"Susan","email":"spriest@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006394,"text":"70006394 - 2003 - Modeling uncertainty: Quicksand for water temperature modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T13:31:22.002511","indexId":"70006394","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T14:25:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1925,"text":"Hydrological Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling uncertainty: Quicksand for water temperature modeling","docAbstract":"<p>Uncertainty has been a hot topic relative to science generally, and modeling specifically. Modeling uncertainty comes in various forms: measured data, limited model domain, model parameter estimation, model structure, sensitivity to inputs, modelers themselves, and users of the results. This paper will address important components of uncertainty in modeling water temperatures, and discuss several areas that need attention as the modeling community grapples with how to incorporate uncertainty into modeling without getting stuck in the quicksand that prevents constructive contributions to policy making. The material, and in particular the reference, are meant to supplement the presentation given at this conference.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Hydrology","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., 2003, Modeling uncertainty: Quicksand for water temperature modeling: Hydrological Science and Technology, v. 19, no. 1-4, p. 221-232.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"232","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401916,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.aihydrology.org/publications/"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f7e4b07b8813a554e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038034,"text":"70038034 - 2003 - U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T11:39:21","indexId":"70038034","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2003","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1><p>Information is a resource for Native American governments, communities, organizations, and people. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides technical expertise, reports, and other impartial information sources that benefit Native Americans interested in subsistence issues, water, resources and land use, and the health of many parts of the environment. Native decisions based in USGS data and analyses support the goals of Native self-sufficiency, economic development, and conservation.</p><p>The USGS works in cooperation with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, conducting research on: water energy and mineral resources; animals and plants of environmental, economic, or subsistence importance; and natural hazards. Digital data on cartography, energy and mineral resources, streamflow, biota, and other topics are available to American Indian and Alaska Native individuals and institutions. The USGS also recognizes the need to learn from and share knowledge with Native peoples. This report describes most of the activities that the USGS conducted with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, educational institutions, and individuals during Federal fiscal year (FY) 2003. Some of these USGS activities were conducted cooperatively with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) or other Federal entities. Others were collaborations with Tribes, Tribal organizations, and professional societies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70038034","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003, U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2003, xii, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70038034.","productDescription":"xii, 72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":254492,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/amerind/2003report/otr2003-report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/amerind/2003report/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p>National Tribal Liaison<br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/about/organization/science-support/office-tribal-relations\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/about/organization/science-support/office-tribal-relations\">Office of Tribal Relations</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Mail Stop 911<br>Reston, VA 20192</p>","tableOfContents":"<p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bba54e4b08c986b3280ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53654,"text":"ofr03435 - 2003 - Scrubbing masks magmatic degassing during repose at Cascade-Range and Aleutian-Arc volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T11:05:15","indexId":"ofr03435","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-435","title":"Scrubbing masks magmatic degassing during repose at Cascade-Range and Aleutian-Arc volcanoes","docAbstract":"Between 1992 and 1998, we sampled gas discharges from ≤173°C fumaroles and springs at 12 quiescent but potentially restless volcanoes in the Cascade Range and Aleutian Arc (CRAA) including Mount Shasta, Mount Hood, Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Augustine Volcano, Mount Griggs, Trident, Mount Mageik, Aniakchak Crater, Akutan, and Makushin. For each site, we collected and analyzed samples to characterize the chemical (H2O, CO2, H2S, N2, CH4, H2, HCl, HF, NH3, Ar, O2, He) and isotopic (δ13C of CO2, 3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, δ34S, δ13C of CH4, δ15N, and δD and δ18O of water) compositions of the gas discharges, and to create baseline data for comparison during future unrest. The chemical and isotopic data show that these gases contain a magmatic component that is heavily modified from scrubbing by deep hydrothermal (150° - 350°C) water (primary scrubbing) and shallow meteoric water (secondary scrubbing). The impact of scrubbing is most pronounced in gas discharges from bubbling springs; gases from boiling-point fumaroles and superheated vents show progressively less impact from scrubbing. The most effective strategies for detecting gas precursors to future CRAA eruptions are to measure periodically the emission rates of CO2 and SO2, which have low and high respective solubilities in water, and to monitor continuously CO2 concentrations in soils around volcanic vents. Timely resampling of fumaroles can augment the geochemical surveillance program by watching for chemical changes associated with drying of fumarolic pathways (all CRAA sites), increases in gas geothermometry temperatures (Mount Mageik, Trident, Mount Baker, Mount Shasta), changes in δ13C of CO2 affiliated with magma movement (all CRAA site), and increases in 3He/4He coupled with intrusion of new magma (Mount Rainier, Augustine Volcano, Makushin, Mount Shasta). Repose magmatic degassing may discharge substantial amounts of S and Cl into the edifices of Mount Baker and several other CRAA volcanoes that is trapped by primary and secondary scrubbing. The consequent acidic fluids produce ongoing alteration in the 0.2- to 3-km-deep hydrothermal systems and in fields of boiling-point fumaroles near the surface. Such alteration may influence edifice stability and contribute to the formation of more-hazardous cohesive debris flows. In particular, we recommend further investigation of the volume, extent, and hazards of hydrothermal alteration at Mount Baker. Other potential hazards associated with the CRAA volcano hydrothermal systems include hydrothermal eruptions and, for deeper systems intruded by magma, deep-seated edifice collapse.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03435","usgsCitation":"Symonds, R.B., Janik, C.J., Evans, W.C., Ritchie, B., Counce, D., Poreda, R., and Iven, M., 2003, Scrubbing masks magmatic degassing during repose at Cascade-Range and Aleutian-Arc volcanoes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-435, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03435.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4952,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0435/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":177575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03435.jpg"},{"id":283927,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0435/pdf/of03-435.pdf"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Alaska;British Columbia;California;Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade-range Volcanoes;Aleutian-arc Volcanoes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,32.53 ], [ 172.45,60.0 ], [ -114.05,60.0 ], [ -114.05,32.53 ], [ 172.45,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc6b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symonds, Robert B.","contributorId":70432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symonds","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ritchie, B.E.","contributorId":83153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Counce, Dale","contributorId":25966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counce","given":"Dale","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poreda, R.J.","contributorId":97138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Iven, Mark","contributorId":39446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iven","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":53050,"text":"ofr03287 - 2003 - Water-quality data for Navajo National Monument, northeastern Arizona: 2001-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-28T23:14:47.756741","indexId":"ofr03287","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-287","title":"Water-quality data for Navajo National Monument, northeastern Arizona: 2001-02","docAbstract":"Water-quality data are provided for six sites in Navajo National Monument in northeastern Arizona. These data describe the current water quality and provide baseline water-quality information for monitoring future trends.\r\n\r\nWater samples were collected from six sites near three ancient Indian ruins during September 2001 to August 2002. Two springs and one well near Betatakin Ruin, one spring is near Keet Seel Ruin, and one spring and one stream are near Inspection House Ruin. Water from all the sites is from the N aquifer, a regional sandstone aquifer that is the source of drinking water for most members of the Navajo Nation and Hopi Tribe in northeastern Arizona.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of dissolved solids, major ions, trace elements, and uranium were low at the six sites. Dissolved-solids concentration ranged from 94 to 221 milligrams per liter. Concentrations of dissolved nitrate (as nitrogen) were generally low (less than 0.05 to 0.92 milligrams per liter) and were within the range of concentrations at other N-aquifer sites within 20 miles of the study area. Water samples from Inscription House Spring, Navajo Creek Tributary (near Inscription House Ruin), and Keet Seel Ruin Spring contained indicators of human or animal wastes--fecal coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03287","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., 2003, Water-quality data for Navajo National Monument, northeastern Arizona: 2001-02: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-287, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03287.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5192,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03287/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416317,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_59495.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":177283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Navajo National Monument","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.54108619689941,\n              36.68156723219191\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.53130149841309,\n              36.68156723219191\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.53130149841309,\n              36.68944825889734\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.54108619689941,\n              36.68944825889734\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.54108619689941,\n              36.68156723219191\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699122","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Blakemore E.","contributorId":93871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Blakemore","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53005,"text":"ofr03312 - 2003 - Summary of Suspended-Sediment Concentration Data, San Francisco Bay, California, Water Year 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:30:36","indexId":"ofr03312","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-312","title":"Summary of Suspended-Sediment Concentration Data, San Francisco Bay, California, Water Year 2001","docAbstract":"<p>Suspended-sediment concentration data were collected in San Francisco Bay during water year 2001 (October 1, 2000-September 30, 2001). Optical backscatterance sensors and water samples were used to monitor suspended sediment at two sites in Suisun Bay, three sites in San Pablo Bay, two sites in Central San Francisco Bay, and three sites in South San Francisco Bay. Sensors were positioned at two depths at most sites. Water samples were collected periodically and were analyzed for concentrations of suspended sediment. The results of the analyses were used to calibrate the electrical output of the optical backscatterance sensors so that a record of suspended-sediment concentrations could be derived. This report presents the data-collection methods used and summarizes the suspended-sediment concentration data collected from October 2000 through September 2001. Calibration curves and plots of edited data for each sensor also are presented.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03312","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, P.A., and Ganju, N., 2003, Summary of Suspended-Sediment Concentration Data, San Francisco Bay, California, Water Year 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-312, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03312.","productDescription":"54 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5116,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03312/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69947c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, Paul A. 0000-0002-4796-4734 buchanan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4734","contributorId":1018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Paul","email":"buchanan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":93543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53140,"text":"wri034109 - 2003 - Recalibration of a ground-water flow model of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer of northeastern Arkansas, 1918-1998, with simulations of water levels caused by projected ground-water withdrawals through 2049","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:39","indexId":"wri034109","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4109","title":"Recalibration of a ground-water flow model of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer of northeastern Arkansas, 1918-1998, with simulations of water levels caused by projected ground-water withdrawals through 2049","docAbstract":"A digital model of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas was used to simulate ground-water flow for the period from 1918 to 2049. The model results were used to evaluate effects on water levels caused by demand for ground water from the alluvial aquifer, which has increased steadily for the last 40 years. The model results showed that water currently (1998) is being withdrawn from the aquifer at rates greater than what can be sustained for the long term. The saturated thickness of the alluvial aquifer has been reduced in some areas resulting in dry wells, degraded water quality, decreased water availability, increased pumping costs, and lower well yields. \r\n\r\nThe model simulated the aquifer from a line just north of the Arkansas-Missouri border to south of the Arkansas River and on the east from the Mississippi River westward to the less permeable geologic units of Paleozoic age. The model consists of 2 layers, a grid of 184 rows by 156 columns, and comprises 14,118 active cells each measuring 1 mile on a side. It simulates time periods from 1918 to 1998 along with further time periods to 2049 testing different pumping scenarios. Model flux boundary conditions were specified for rivers, general head boundaries along parts of the western side of the model and parts of Crowleys Ridge, and a specified head boundary across the aquifer further north in Missouri. \r\n\r\nModel calibration was conducted for observed water levels for the years 1972, 1982, 1992, and 1998. The average absolute residual was 4.69 feet and the root-mean square error was 6.04 feet for the hydraulic head observations for 1998. \r\n\r\nHydraulic-conductivity values obtained during the calibration process were 230 feet per day for the upper layer and ranged from 230 to 730 feet per day for the lower layer with the maximum mean for the combined aquifer of 480 feet per day. Specific yield values were 0.30 throughout the model and specific storage values were 0.000001 inverse-feet throughout the model. Areally specified recharge rates ranged from 0 to about 30 inches and total recharge increased from 1972 to 1998 by a factor of about four. \r\n\r\nWater levels caused by projected ground-water withdrawals were simulated using the calibrated model. Simulations represented a period of 50 years into the future in three scenarios with either unchanged pumpage, pumpage increased by historic trends, or pumpage increased by historic trends except in two areas of the Grand Prairie. If pumping remains at 1997 rates, this produces extreme water-level declines (areas where model cells have gone dry or where the water level in the aquifer is equal to or less than the original saturated thickness, assuming confined conditions in the aquifer everywhere in the formation in predevelopment times) in the aquifer in two areas of the aquifer (one in the Grand Prairie area between the Arkansas and White Rivers and the other west of Crowleys Ridge along the Cache River) with about 400 square miles going dry. Increasing the pumping rates to that which would be projected using historic data led to increased extreme water-level declines in both areas with about 1,300 square miles going dry. Declines in both scenarios generally occurred most rapidly between 2009 and 2019. Reducing the pumping rates to 90 percent of that used for projected historic rates in areas between the Arkansas and White Rivers relating to two diversion projects of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and other agencies did little to decrease the extreme water-level declines. However, these pumpage reductions are small (amounting to about 16 percent of the reductions that could result from implementation of these diversion projects).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034109","usgsCitation":"Reed, T., 2003, Recalibration of a ground-water flow model of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer of northeastern Arkansas, 1918-1998, with simulations of water levels caused by projected ground-water withdrawals through 2049: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4109, vi, 58 p. : ill., maps (some col.) ; 28 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034109.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p. : ill., maps (some col.) ; 28 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4718,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":177817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648607","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Thomas B.","contributorId":76704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Thomas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53651,"text":"ofr03241 - 2003 - Contaminated sediments database for Long Island Sound and the New York Bight","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr03241","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-241","title":"Contaminated sediments database for Long Island Sound and the New York Bight","docAbstract":"The Contaminated Sediments Database for Long Island Sound and the New York Bight provides a compilation of published and unpublished sediment texture and contaminant data. This report provides maps of several of the contaminants in the database as well as references and a section on using the data to assess the environmental status of these coastal areas. The database contains information collected between 1956-1997; providing an historical foundation for future contaminant studies in the region.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03241","usgsCitation":"Mecray, E.L., Reid, J.M., Hastings, M.E., and Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., 2003, Contaminated sediments database for Long Island Sound and the New York Bight (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-241, Online Only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03241.","productDescription":"Online Only","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4949,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-241/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696997","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mecray, Ellen L.","contributorId":50887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mecray","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Jamey M.","contributorId":68386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Jamey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hastings, Mary E.","contributorId":44985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":50885,"text":"fs04803 - 2003 - Real-time surface-water monitoring in New Jersey, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T11:46:11","indexId":"fs04803","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"048-03","title":"Real-time surface-water monitoring in New Jersey, 2003","docAbstract":"<p>A network of 93 gaging stations that provide surface-water stage, flow (discharge), and tide-level data on a &ldquo;realtime&rdquo; basis through satellite, radio, and telephone telemetry is operating (May 2003) in New Jersey through a cooperative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and other agencies. The stream data from these stations are transmitted every 1 to 4 hours and then are immediately posted for viewing on the Internet. This fact sheet describes the &ldquo;real-time&rdquo; monitoring network, and the equipment used to measure stage and flow and to transmit the data for viewing on the Internet. Instructions for viewing the data are included.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs04803","usgsCitation":"Schopp, R.D., Stedfast, D.A., and Navoy, A.S., 2003, Real-time surface-water monitoring in New Jersey, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 048-03, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04803.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_048_03.jpg"},{"id":4650,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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,{"id":53269,"text":"ofr03292 - 2003 - Water-quality, streambed-sediment, and biological data from the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1998-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T20:28:15.190592","indexId":"ofr03292","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-292","title":"Water-quality, streambed-sediment, and biological data from the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1998-2001","docAbstract":"Water-quality, streambed-sediment, and biological data were collected in the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program and are presented in this report. These river basins compose the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basins study unit which was selected to include a river system that has a mixture of forested, agricultural, urban, and developing areas. Waterquality samples were collected from 28 surface-water sites and 86 ground-water sites from June 1998 to September 2001. Data collected included measurements of physical properties and chemical analyses of concentrations of major ions, trace elements, nutrients, organic carbon, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and radiochemical constituents. Streambed-sediment and biological tissue samples were collected from 41 sites and analyzed for trace elements and organochlorine compounds. Benthic algae were collected to determine chlorophyll concentration and areal density.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03292","usgsCitation":"Bowers, C.L., Caldwell, R.R., and Dutton, D., 2003, Water-quality, streambed-sediment, and biological data from the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1998-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-292, viii, 203 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03292.","productDescription":"viii, 203 p.","numberOfPages":"213","temporalStart":"1998-06-01","temporalEnd":"2001-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0292/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87137,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0292/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407996,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67763.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.5833,\n              45.8167\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.9333,\n              45.8167\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.9333,\n              48.275\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5833,\n              48.275\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5833,\n              45.8167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, Craig L.","contributorId":99209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutton, DeAnn M. ddutton@usgs.gov","contributorId":20762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"DeAnn M.","email":"ddutton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53261,"text":"ofr03375 - 2003 - Ecosystem history of southern and central Biscayne Bay: Summary report on sediment core analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T15:56:16.625538","indexId":"ofr03375","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-375","title":"Ecosystem history of southern and central Biscayne Bay: Summary report on sediment core analyses","docAbstract":"<p>During the last century, the environs of Biscayne Bay have been greatly affected by anthropogenic alteration through urbanization of the Miami/Dade County area. The sources, timing, delivery, and quality of freshwater flow into the Bay have been changed by construction of a complex canal system that controls movement of water throughout south Florida. Changes in shoreline and sub-aquatic vegetation and marine organisms have been observed and changes in water delivery are believed to be the cause.</p><p>Current restoration goals are attempting to restore natural flow of fresh water into Biscayne and Florida Bays and to restore the natural fauna and flora, but first we need to determine pre-alteration baseline conditions in order to establish targets and performance measures for restoration. This research is part of an ongoing study designed to address the needs of the Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands Project (BBCW) of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP).</p><p>By establishing the natural patterns of temporal change in salinity, water quality, vegetation, and benthic fauna in Biscayne Bay and the nearby wetlands over the last 100- 500 years the USGS, in collaboration with our partners, will provide the data necessary to set realistic targets to achieve the BBCW Project goals.</p><p>Six cores from three sites in Biscayne Bay were collected in April 2002 for multidisciplinary multi-proxy analyses. This report details the results of these analyses and compares the 2002 cores to cores collected in 1997. The following are our significant findings to date:</p><ul><li>The salinity of central Biscayne Bay has become increasingly marine and increasingly stable over the last 100 years.</li><ul><li>At No Name Bank, prior to approximately 1915, the inter-decadal and decadal salinity fluctuations appear to have been greater than after 1915 when salinities stabilized at that site.</li><li>Continental shelf/open marine influence on the sites has increased during the 20th century.</li><li>There is no indication of inter-decadal salinity extremes or periods of hypersalinity.</li><li>Freshwater and mesohaline salinities have had a minor influence on No Name bank throughout the time of deposition. At Featherbed Bank, the influence is reduced to mesohaline salinities.</li></ul><li>Card Bank has experienced relatively large swings in salinity over multi-decadal and centennial timescales, compared to central Biscayne Bay, but marine influence at the site has increased over the last century.</li><li>Indications of regional scale patterns have been found, especially in the shell chemistry data and the pollen assemblages. These regional patterns indicate that the changes are not site specific and may not be limited to Biscayne Bay.</li><li>Sub-aquatic vegetation has undergone bay-wide patterns of change over the last 200-500 years, which includes expansion prior to 1900 and declines during the last century in central Biscayne Bay.</li><li><ul><li>Thalassia appears to have increased at all three core sites sometime between 1550 and 1750 AD.</li><li>A decline in Thalassia appears to have occurred after 1950 at No Name Bank and slightly earlier in the 20th century at Featherbed Bank.</li><li>Card Bank does not appear to have experienced any declines in vegetation on an inter-decadal scale during the 20th century.</li></ul></li><li>Molluscan faunal abundance and diversity have undergone significant changes in central Biscayne Bay.</li><li>Indicators of increased organic-rich sediments at No Name occur between 1869 to 1888 and between the 1930’s to 1975. These changes may correlate to human activities (settlement, population growth).</li></ul><p>These findings represent a first step towards the project’s goal to reconstruct the history of Biscayne Bay and they provide us with a working model to be tested at other sites. It is clear from our findings that Biscayne Bay has been a dynamic environment over the last 500 years, with natural changes occurring in salinity and benthic habitats. However, several significant changes have occurred in the 20th century: 1) increased stabilization of marine salinities; 2) declines in seagrass in central Biscayne Bay; 3) dramatic changes in molluscan abundance and diversity in central Biscayne Bay. The question remains - how do we better differentiate natural cycles of change from anthropogenic change within these observed trends?</p><p>The preliminary implications from our research are that changes in salinity and benthic habitats have occurred naturally in Biscayne Bay on inter-decadal to centennial scales, perhaps due to climatic changes, changes in sea level, bank migrations, or a combination of factors. However, further work needs to be done to determine which components of change in the 20th century are human-induced and which are natural. By examining the historical records preserved in the sediments of Biscayne Bay, we can provide restoration trust agencies with the information necessary to set realistic targets and performance measures for Biscayne Bay.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03375","usgsCitation":"Ecosystem history of southern and central Biscayne Bay; summary report on sediment core analyses; 2003; OFR; 2003-375; Wingard, G. L.; Cronin, T. M.; Dwyer, G. S.; Ishman, S. E.; Willard, D. A.; Holmes, C. W.; Bernhardt, C. E.; Williams, C. P.; Marot, M. E.; Murray, J. B.; Stamm, R. G.; Murray, J. H.; Budet, C.","productDescription":"111 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4938,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0375/ofr03-375.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 03-375"},{"id":174304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0375/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.45837402343749,\n              25.152743274854956\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.06286621093749,\n              25.152743274854956\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.06286621093749,\n              26.21212691288088\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.45837402343749,\n              26.21212691288088\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.45837402343749,\n              25.152743274854956\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"2003-09-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62597a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, G. S.","contributorId":39951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ishman, S. E.","contributorId":20346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishman","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willard, Debra  A. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":85982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra  A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bernhardt, C.E.","contributorId":65554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williams, C.P.","contributorId":25410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marot, M. E.","contributorId":7733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Murray, J.B.","contributorId":58858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stamm, R.G.","contributorId":59476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Murray, J.H.","contributorId":6716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Budet, C.","contributorId":67772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budet","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":53254,"text":"ofr03418 - 2003 - Preliminary geologic map of the Fontana 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:48:42.110246","indexId":"ofr03418","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-418","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Fontana 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California","docAbstract":"<p>Open-File Report 03-418 is a digital geologic data set that maps and describes the geology of the Fontana 7.5’ quadrangle, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California. The Fontana quadrangle database is one of several 7.5’ quadrangle databases that are being produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP). These maps and databases are, in turn, part of the nation-wide digital geologic map coverage being developed by the National Cooperative Geologic Map Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). General Open-File Report 03-418 contains a digital geologic map database of the Fontana 7.5’ quadrangle, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California that includes:</p>\n<br/>\n<p>1. ARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute, http://www.esri.com) version 7.2.1 coverages of the various elements of the geologic map.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>2. A Postscript file (fon_map.ps) to plot the geologic map on a topographic base, and containing a Correlation of Map Units diagram (CMU), a Description of Map Units (DMU), and an index map.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>3. An Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file (fon_grey.eps) created in Adobe Illustrator 10.0 to plot the geologic map on a grey topographic base, and containing a Correlation of Map Units (CMU), a Description of Map Units (DMU), and an index map.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>4. Portable Document Format (.pdf) files of: a. the Readme file; includes in Appendix I, data contained in fon_met.txt b. The same graphics as plotted in 2 and 3 above.Test plots have not produced precise 1:24,000-scale map sheets. Adobe Acrobat page size setting influences map scale.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Correlation of Map Units and Description of Map Units is in the editorial format of USGS Geologic Investigations Series (I-series) maps but has not been edited to comply with I-map standards. Within the geologic map data package, map units are identified by standard geologic map criteria such as formation-name, age, and lithology. Where known, grain size is indicated on the map by a subscripted letter or letters following the unit symbols as follows: lg, large boulders; b, boulder; g, gravel; a, arenaceous; s, silt; c, clay; e.g. Qyfa is a predominantly young alluvial fan deposit that is arenaceous. Multiple letters are used for more specific identification or for mixed units, e.g., Qfysa is a silty sand. In some cases, mixed units are indicated by a compound symbol; e.g., Qyf2sc. Even though this is an Open-File Report and includes the standard USGS Open-File disclaimer, the report closely adheres to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. Descriptions of units can be obtained by viewing or plotting the .pdf file (4b above) or plotting the postscript files (2 or 3 above).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03418","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Morton, D.M., and Bovard, K.R., 2003, Preliminary geologic map of the Fontana 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-418, 1 Plate: 45.0 x 36.0 inches; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03418.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 45.0 x 36.0 inches; Readme; Metadata","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03418.gif"},{"id":283941,"rank":2,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0418/fon_met.txt"},{"id":283940,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0418/pdf/fon_map.pdf"},{"id":283939,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0418/pdf/README.pdf"},{"id":4931,"rank":5,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0418/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110459,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_61860.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"61860"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County; San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.5,34.0 ], [ -117.5,34.125 ], [ -117.375,34.125 ], [ -117.375,34.0 ], [ -117.5,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbe95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bovard, Kelly R.","contributorId":49009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovard","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53253,"text":"ofr03420 - 2003 - A catalog of porosity and permeability from core plugs in siliciclastic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr03420","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-420","title":"A catalog of porosity and permeability from core plugs in siliciclastic rocks","docAbstract":"Porosity and permeability measurements on cored samples from siliciclastic formations are presented for 70 data sets, taken from published data and descriptions.  Data sets generally represent specific formations, usually from a limited number of wells.  Each data set is represented by a written summary, a plot of permeability versus porosity, and a digital file of the data.  The summaries include a publication reference, the geologic age of the formation, location, well names, depth range, various geologic descriptions, and core measurement conditions.  Attributes such as grain size or depositional environment are identified by symbols on the plots.  An index lists the authors and date, geologic age, formation name, sandstone classification, location, basin or structural province, and field name.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03420","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., and Kibler, J.E., 2003, A catalog of porosity and permeability from core plugs in siliciclastic rocks (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-420, 1 fig. ; 3 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03420.","productDescription":"1 fig. ; 3 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4930,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-420/ofr-03-420.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd497ee4b0b290850ef3bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kibler, Joyce E.","contributorId":56293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kibler","given":"Joyce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53648,"text":"ofr0366 - 2003 - Spatial digital database for the geologic map of Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr0366","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-66","title":"Spatial digital database for the geologic map of Nevada","docAbstract":"This report publishes a geologic digital spatial database (NVGEO) for the geologic map of Nevada by Stewart and Carlson (1978a) which was originally printed on a single sheet of paper at a scale of 1:500,000 (and later reprinted on two sheets in 1991).  The spatial digital database (GIS) provided in this report supersedes earlier digital editions by Turner and Bawiec (1991) and Raines and others (1996).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0366","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.H., Carlson, J., digital database by Raines, G.L., Connors, K.A., Moyer, L.A., and Miller, R.J., 2003, Spatial digital database for the geologic map of Nevada (Version 3.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-66, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0366.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4946,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-66/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 3.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c0e4b07f02db53c108","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, John Harris (compiler)","contributorId":48243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"Harris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, John E.","contributorId":19996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"John E.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":247991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"digital database by Raines, Gary L.","contributorId":11691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"digital database by Raines","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connors, Katherine A.","contributorId":53785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connors","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moyer, Lorre A.","contributorId":106152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Lorre","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Robert J. rjmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":2516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"rjmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":53646,"text":"wri034095 - 2003 - Mass balance, meteorology, area altitude distribution, glacier-surface altitude, ice motion, terminus position, and runoff at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1996 balance year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"wri034095","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4095","title":"Mass balance, meteorology, area altitude distribution, glacier-surface altitude, ice motion, terminus position, and runoff at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1996 balance year","docAbstract":"The 1996 measured winter snow, maximum winter snow, net, and annual balances in the Gulkana Glacier Basin were evaluated on the basis of meteorological, hydrological, and glaciological data. Averaged over the glacier, the measured winter snow balance was 0.87 meter on April 18, 1996, 1.1 standard deviation below the long-term average; the maximum winter snow balance, 1.06 meters, was reached on May 28, 1996; and the net balance (from August 30, 1995, to August 24, 1996) was -0.53 meter, 0.53 standard deviation below the long-term average. The annual balance (October 1, 1995, to September 30, 1996) was -0.37 meter. Area-averaged balances were reported using both the 1967 and 1993 area altitude distributions (the numbers previously given in this abstract use the 1993 area altitude distribution). Net balance was about 25 percent less negative using the 1993 area altitude distribution than the 1967 distribution. \r\n\r\nAnnual average air temperature was 0.9 degree Celsius warmer than that recorded with the analog sensor used since 1966. Total precipitation catch for the year was 0.78 meter, 0.8 standard deviations below normal. The annual average wind speed was 3.5 meters per second in the first year of measuring wind speed. Annual runoff averaged 1.50 meters over the basin, 1.0 standard deviation below the long-term average. \r\n\r\nGlacier-surface altitude and ice-motion changes measured at three index sites document seasonal ice-speed and glacier-thickness changes. Both showed a continuation of a slowing and thinning trend present in the 1990s.\r\n\r\nThe glacier terminus and lower ablation area were defined for 1996 with a handheld Global Positioning System survey of 126 locations spread out over about 4 kilometers on the lower glacier margin. From 1949 to 1996, the terminus retreated about 1,650 meters for an average retreat rate of 35 meters per year.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034095","usgsCitation":"March, R.S., 2003, Mass balance, meteorology, area altitude distribution, glacier-surface altitude, ice motion, terminus position, and runoff at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1996 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4095, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034095.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4945,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"March, Rod S. rsmarch@usgs.gov","contributorId":416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"March","given":"Rod","email":"rsmarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53203,"text":"ofr03477 - 2003 - A compilation of whole-rock and glass major-element geochemistry of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, near-vent eruptive products: January 1983 through September 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T16:20:45","indexId":"ofr03477","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-477","title":"A compilation of whole-rock and glass major-element geochemistry of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, near-vent eruptive products: January 1983 through September 2001","docAbstract":"This report presents major-element geochemical data from 652 glasses (~6,520 analyses) and 795 whole-rock aliquots from 1,002 fresh samples of olivine-tholeiitic lava collected throughout the near-continuous eruption of Kïlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, from January 1983 through September 2001. The data presented herein provide a unique temporal compilation of lava geochemistry that best reflects variations of pre-eruptive magma compositions during prolonged rift-zone eruption. This document serves as a repository for geochemical data referred to in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1676 (Heliker, Swanson, and Takahashi, eds., 2003) which includes multidisciplinary research papers pertaining to the first twenty years of Puu Oo-Kupaianaha eruption activity. Details of eruption characteristics and nomenclature are provided in the introductory chapter of that volume (Heliker and Mattox, 2003). Geochemical relations among all or portions of this data set are depicted and interpreted by Thornber (2003), Thornber and others (2003) and Thornber (2001). Trace element compositions and Nd, Sr and Pb isotopic analyses of representative samples of this select eruption suite will be provided in a separate and complimentary open file report. From 1983 to October 2001, approximately 2,500 eruption samples were collected and archived by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Geochemical data for 1,002 of these samples are included here. Previous reports present bulk-lava major- element chemistry for eruption samples collected from 1983 to 1986 and from 1990 to 1994 (Neal and others, 1988 and Mangan and others, 1995, respectively). Major element glass chemistry and thermometry data for samples collected from 1983 to 1994 is reported by Helz and Hearn (1998) and whole-rock and glass chemistry for samples collected from September 1994 to October 2001 is provided by Thornber and others (2002). This report is a compilation of previously published data along with unpublished whole-rock data for the 1986–1990 eruptive interval (episode 48, see Heliker and Mattox, 2003). The geochemical data in this report is mostly limited to well-quenched samples collected at or near their respective vents. The samples include tephra and spatter, in addition to lava dipped from lava lakes, lava tubes, and surface lava flows. The details of sample collection techniques as described by Thornber and others (2002) are generally applicable for this entire sampling interval.\n\nSpecifically excluded from this database are samples of distal surface flows, many of which were collected for topical studies of emplacement dynamics (for example, Cashman and others, 1999). Samples of sluggish or crystal-laden tube flows collected during eruptive pauses were also excluded, because they bear visual, petrographic and geochemical evidence for crystal accumulation during surface-flow stagnation. In addition, the pre-1992 whole-rock major element data reported here has been corrected to compensate for minor analytical discrepancies between pre- and post-1991 XRF analyses. These discrepancies resulted from a change in instrumentation at the USGS Denver analytical laboratories. This select suite of time-constrained geochemical data is suitable for constructing petrologic models of pre-eruptive magmatic processes associated with prolong rift zone eruption of Hawaiian shield volcanoes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03477","usgsCitation":"Thornber, C.R., Hon, K., Heliker, C., and Sherrod, D.A., 2003, A compilation of whole-rock and glass major-element geochemistry of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, near-vent eruptive products: January 1983 through September 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-477, Report: 8 p.; Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03477.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; Data","numberOfPages":"8","temporalStart":"1983-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03477.jpg"},{"id":4795,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0477/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283972,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0477/pdf/of03-477.pdf"},{"id":283973,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0477/OF03-477data.xls"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.305533,19.38969 ], [ -155.305533,19.443418 ], [ -155.232799,19.443418 ], [ -155.232799,19.38969 ], [ -155.305533,19.38969 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornber, Carl R. cthornber@usgs.gov","contributorId":2016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"Carl","email":"cthornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hon, Ken","contributorId":19163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hon","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heliker, Christina","contributorId":53353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"Christina","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherrod, David A.","contributorId":53458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53205,"text":"ofr03465 - 2003 - Preliminary location and age database for invertebrate fossils collected in the San Francisco Bay region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:44:06.830615","indexId":"ofr03465","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-465","title":"Preliminary location and age database for invertebrate fossils collected in the San Francisco Bay region, California","docAbstract":"Most geologic maps published for central California in the past century have been made without the benefit of microfossils. The age of Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks in the structurally complex sedimentary formations of the Coast Ranges is critical in determining stratigraphic succession and in determining whether the juxtapositon of similar appearing formations means that a fault is present. Since the 1930’s, at least, oil company geologists have used microfossils to assist them in geologic mapping and in determining the environments of deposition of sedimentary rocks. This information has been confidential, but in the past 20 years the attitude of petroleum companies about this information has changed, and much material is now available. We report here on approximately 4,700 samples, largely foraminifers, from surface localities in the San Francisco Bay region of California. The information contained here can be used to update geologic maps, to analyze the depth and temperature of ocean water covering parts of California during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, and for solving other geologic problems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03465","usgsCitation":"Parker, J.M., West, W., Malmborg, W.T., and Brabb, E.E., 2003, Preliminary location and age database for invertebrate fossils collected in the San Francisco Bay region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-465, Report: 5 p.; 3 Master Fossil files: FP7, TAB, CSV, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03465.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.; 3 Master Fossil files: FP7, TAB, CSV","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03465.jpg"},{"id":4832,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0465/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283960,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0465/pdf/of03-465.pdf"},{"id":283961,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0465/Masterfossillist.fp7"},{"id":283962,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0465/Masterfossillist.tab"},{"id":283963,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0465/Masterfossillist.csv"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.6913,37.2968 ], [ -122.6913,38.2392 ], [ -121.7591,38.2392 ], [ -121.7591,37.2968 ], [ -122.6913,37.2968 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d91d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, John M.","contributorId":29053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"West, William B.","contributorId":57972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"William B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malmborg, William T.","contributorId":35836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malmborg","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brabb, Earl E.","contributorId":48939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53045,"text":"wri034248 - 2003 - Assessment and comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 water quality in mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T22:23:20.953867","indexId":"wri034248","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4248","title":"Assessment and comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 water quality in mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas","docAbstract":"The Picher mining district was the site of lead and zinc mining from about 1900 to the mid-1970's. The primary sources of lead and zinc were the sulfide minerals, galena and sphalerite, disseminated in the cherty limestone of the Boone Formation. Water was pumped from the mines while still in operation; however, when mining ceased the mines began to fill with water. Elevated concentrations of metals with depth indicate there may be a substantial quantity of dissolved metals in the ground water. There is concern that the mine water may continue to seep to adjoining portions of the Boone aquifer and to creeks and streams in the area. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nWater was sampled from abandoned mineshafts in 2002 in the Picher mining area to assess water quality in the mines and to determine how water quality has changed since the late 1970s when similar sampling was conducted. Specific conductance in 2002 increased with depth in the mineshafts. The increases in specific conductance were very slight until the bottom 20 to 40 feet of the shaft where substantial increases occurred. The pH values in 2002 were generally uniform at the top of the water column and were generally neutral. The lowest pH values were measured at the base of most mineshafts. Concentrations of metals and major ions from samples in 2002 varied with depth and between shafts. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nSpecific conductance in 2002 samples was less than in 1976-77 samples. The 1976-77 and 2002 data sets for pH had similar median values; however, the pH values from the 1976- 77 had a much greater range. Concentrations of metals, except copper, from water samples collected from the mineshafts in 2002 were significantly less than concentrations of metals from samples in 1976-77.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034248","usgsCitation":"DeHay, K.L., 2003, Assessment and comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 water quality in mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4248, vi, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034248.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5187,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":174149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411394,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62745.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Picher Mining district","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.8833,\n              37.0333\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.8833,\n              36.9542\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.8083,\n              36.9542\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.8083,\n              37.0333\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.8833,\n              37.0333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeHay, Kelli L.","contributorId":70832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeHay","given":"Kelli","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52663,"text":"wri034196 - 2003 - Peak-flow frequency estimates for U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:54:29","indexId":"wri034196","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4196","title":"Peak-flow frequency estimates for U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Connecticut","docAbstract":"Annual peak-flow data from 128 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Connecticut with at least 10 consecutive years of record were used to estimate peak-flow magnitudes for 1.5-, 2-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100- and 500-year recurrence intervals (exceedance probabilities of 0.67, 0.50, 0.10, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.002, respectively). Peak-flow frequency analyses of annual peak flows through the 2001 water year were performed using the procedures in the publication 'Guidelines for Determining Flood-Flow Frequency,' commonly referred to as Bulletin 17B, by the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data (1982). A generalized skew coefficient of 0.34, with a standard error of prediction of 0.51, was developed to improve peak-flow frequency estimates in the state; this replaces the generalized skew coefficients for Connecticut shown in Bulletin 17B.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034196","usgsCitation":"Ahearn, E.A., 2003, Peak-flow frequency estimates for U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Connecticut (ONLINE ONLY): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4196, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034196.","productDescription":"29 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5161,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"ONLINE ONLY","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698a26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":245742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53244,"text":"ofr03486 - 2003 - Intrusive rock database for the Digital Geologic Map of Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:46:22.151688","indexId":"ofr03486","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-486","title":"Intrusive rock database for the Digital Geologic Map of Utah","docAbstract":"Digital geologic maps offer the promise of rapid and powerful answers to geologic questions using Geographic Information System software (GIS). Using modern GIS and database methods, a specialized derivative map can be easily prepared. An important limitation can be shortcomings in the information provided in the database associated with the digital map, a database which is often based on the legend of the original map. The purpose of this report is to show how the compilation of additional information can, when prepared as a database that can be used with the digital map, be used to create some types of derivative maps that are not possible with the original digital map and database.\n\nThis Open-file Report consists of computer files with information about intrusive rocks in Utah that can be linked to the Digital Geologic Map of Utah (Hintze et al., 2000), an explanation of how to link the databases and map, and a list of references for the databases. The digital map, which represents the 1:500,000-scale Geologic Map of Utah (Hintze, 1980), can be obtained from the Utah Geological Survey (Map 179DM). Each polygon in the map has a unique identification number. We selected the polygons identified on the geologic map as intrusive rock, and constructed a database (UT_PLUT.xls) that classifies the polygons into plutonic map units (see tables). These plutonic map units are the key information that is used to relate the compiled information to the polygons on the map.\n\nThe map includes a few polygons that were coded as intrusive on the state map but are largely volcanic rock; in these cases we note the volcanic rock names (rhyolite and latite) as used in the original sources Some polygons identified on the digital state map as intrusive rock were misidentified; these polygons are noted in a separate table of the database, along with some information about their true character.\n\nFields may be empty because of lack of information from references used or difficulty in finding information. The information in the database is from a variety of sources, including geologic maps at scales ranging from 1:500,000 to 1:24,000, and thesis monographs. The references are shown twice: alphabetically and by region.\n\nThe digital geologic map of Utah (Hintze and others, 2000) classifies intrusive rocks into only 3 categories, distinguished by age. They are: Ti, Tertiary intrusive rock; Ji, Upper to Middle Jurassic granite to quartz monzonite; and pCi, Early Proterozoic to Late Archean intrusive rock. Use of the tables provided in this report will permit selection and classification of those rocks by lithology and age.\n\nThis database is a pilot study by the Survey and Analysis Project of the U.S. Geological Survey to characterize igneous rocks and link them to a digital map. The database, and others like it, will evolve as the project continues and other states are completed. We release this version now as an example, as a reference, and for those interested in Utah plutonic rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03486","usgsCitation":"Nutt, C., and Ludington, S., 2003, Intrusive rock database for the Digital Geologic Map of Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-486, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03486.","productDescription":"41 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178224,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03486.jpg"},{"id":283979,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0486/rad_age.txt"},{"id":283978,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0486/lithology.txt"},{"id":283977,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0486/correlate.txt"},{"id":283976,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0486/age_sum.txt"},{"id":283975,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0486/UT_PLUT(1.1).xls"},{"id":283974,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0486/pdf/of03-486.pdf"},{"id":4897,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0486/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8afe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nutt, C.J.","contributorId":52577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutt","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":52664,"text":"wri024201 - 2003 - Quality-control results for ground-water and surface-water data, Sacramento River Basin, California, National Water-Quality Assessment, 1996-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"wri024201","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4201","title":"Quality-control results for ground-water and surface-water data, Sacramento River Basin, California, National Water-Quality Assessment, 1996-1998","docAbstract":"Evaluating the extent that bias and variability affect the interpretation of ground- and surface-water data is necessary to meet the objectives of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Quality-control samples used to evaluate the bias and variability include annual equipment blanks, field blanks, field matrix spikes, surrogates, and replicates. This report contains quality-control results for the constituents critical to the ground- and surface-water components of the Sacramento River Basin study unit of the NAWQA Program. A critical constituent is one that was detected frequently (more than 50 percent of the time in blank samples), was detected at amounts exceeding water-quality standards or goals, or was important for the interpretation of water-quality data. Quality-control samples were collected along with ground- and surface-water samples during the high intensity phase (cycle 1) of the Sacramento River Basin NAWQA beginning early in 1996 and ending in 1998. \r\n     Ground-water field blanks indicated contamination of varying levels of significance when compared with concentrations detected in environmental ground-water samples for ammonia, dissolved organic carbon, aluminum, and copper. Concentrations of aluminum in surface-water field blanks were significant when compared with environmental samples. Field blank samples collected for pesticide and volatile organic compound analyses revealed no contamination in either ground- or surface-water samples that would effect the interpretation of environmental data, with the possible exception of the volatile organic compound trichloromethane (chloroform) in ground water. \r\n     Replicate samples for ground water and surface water indicate that variability resulting from sample collection, processing, and analysis was generally low. Some of the larger maximum relative percentage differences calculated for replicate samples occurred between samples having lowest absolute concentration differences and(or) values near the reporting limit. \r\n     Surrogate recoveries for pesticides analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), pesticides analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and volatile organic compounds in ground- and surface-water samples were within the acceptable limits of 70 to 130 percent and median recovery values between 82 and 113 percent. The recovery percentages for surrogate compounds analyzed by HPLC had the highest standard deviation, 20 percent for ground-water samples and 16 percent for surface-water samples, and the lowest median values, 82 percent for ground-water samples and 91 percent for surface-water samples. Results were consistent with the recovery results described for the analytical methods. \r\n     Field matrix spike recoveries for pesticide compounds analyzed using GC/MS in ground- and surface-water samples were comparable with published recovery data. Recoveries of carbofuran, a critical constituent in ground- and surface-water studies, and desethyl atrazine, a critical constituent in the ground-water study, could not be calculated because of problems with the analytical method. Recoveries of pesticides analyzed using HPLC in ground- and surface-water samples were generally low and comparable with published recovery data. Other methodological problems for HPLC analytes included nondetection of the spike compounds and estimated values of spike concentrations. \r\n     Recovery of field matrix spikes for volatile organic compounds generally were within the acceptable range, 70 and 130 percent for both ground- and surface-water samples, and median recoveries from 62 to 127 percent. High or low recoveries could be related to errors in the field, such as double spiking or using spike solution past its expiration date, rather than problems during analysis. The methodological changes in the field spike protocol during the course of the Sacramento River Basin study, which included decreasing the amount of spike solu","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024201","usgsCitation":"Munday, C., and Domagalski, J.L., 2003, Quality-control results for ground-water and surface-water data, Sacramento River Basin, California, National Water-Quality Assessment, 1996-1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4201, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024201.","productDescription":"54 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5162,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68638f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munday, Cathy","contributorId":57538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munday","given":"Cathy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53179,"text":"wri034239 - 2003 - Surface-water/ground-water interaction of the Spokane River and the Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Idaho and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-06T14:24:19","indexId":"wri034239","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4239","title":"Surface-water/ground-water interaction of the Spokane River and the Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Idaho and Washington","docAbstract":"Historical mining in the Coeur d’Alene River Basin of northern Idaho has resulted in elevated concentrations of some trace metals (particularly cadmium, lead, and zinc) in water and sediment of Coeur d’Alene Lake and downstream in the Spokane River in Idaho and Washington. These elevated trace-metal concentrations in the Spokane River have raised concerns about potential contamination of ground water in the underlying Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, the primary source of drinking water for the city of Spokane and surrounding areas. A study conducted as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program examined the interaction of the river and aquifer using hydrologic and chemical data along a losing reach of the Spokane River. The river and ground water were extensively monitored over a range of hydrologic conditions at a streamflow-gaging station and 25 monitoring wells situated from 40 to 3,500 feet from the river. River stage, ground-water levels, water temperature, and specific conductance were measured hourly to biweekly. Water samples were collected on nearly a monthly basis between 1999 and 2001 from the Spokane River and were collected up to nine times between June 2000 and August 2001 from the monitoring wells.\nHydrologic and chemical data indicate that the Spokane River recharges the Spokane Valley/\nRathdrum Prairie aquifer along a 17-mile reach between Post Falls, Idaho, and Spokane, Washington. Ground-water levels in the near-river aquifer (less than 300 feet from the river) indicate variably saturated conditions below the river and a ground-water flow gradient away from the losing reach of the river. Calculated monthly mean losses, during water years 2000 and 2001 along a nearly 7-mile reach between two gages, ranged from near 69 to 810 cubic feet per second. Losses generally increased with increased streamflow. However, late summer warm water temperatures also appear to be a factor as losses increased due to lower viscosity as water temperatures increased. Chemical data indicated that river recharge may influence ground-water chemistry as far as 3,000 feet from the river, but ground water within a few hundred feet of the river is most affected. Major-ion concentrations, stable isotopes, and temperature of the river and ground water from near-river wells were similar and exhibited similar temporal trends, whereas ground water from wells located farther from the river generally had higher major-ion concentrations and more stable temperatures and chemistry.\nAlthough trace-element concentrations sometimes exceeded aquatic-life criteria in the water of the Spokane River and were elevated above national median values in the bed sediment, trace-element concentrations of all river and ground-water samples were at levels less than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards. The Spokane River appears to be a source of cadmium, copper, zinc, and possibly lead in the near-river ground water. Dissolved cadmium, copper, and lead concentrations generally were less than 1 microgram per liter (µg/L) in the river water and ground water. During water year 2001, dissolved zinc concentrations were similar in water from near-river wells (17-71 µg/L) and the river water (22-66 µg/L), but were less than detection levels in wells farther from the river. Arsenic, found to be elevated in ground water in parts of the aquifer, does not appear to have a river source. Although the river does influence the ground-water chemistry in proximity to the river, it does not appear to adversely affect the ground-water quality to a level of human-health concern.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034239","collaboration":"Missing pages 46, 48","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, R.R., and Bowers, C.L., 2003, Surface-water/ground-water interaction of the Spokane River and the Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Idaho and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4239, viii, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034239.","productDescription":"viii, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"66","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4239/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87130,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4239/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Washington","city":"Post Falls;Spokane","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.9926,47.3974 ], [ -117.9926,48.3455 ], [ -115.997,48.3455 ], [ -115.997,47.3974 ], [ -117.9926,47.3974 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a1b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowers, Craig L.","contributorId":99209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53557,"text":"wri034193 - 2003 - Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Christina River subbasin and overview of simulations in other subbasins of the Christina River Basin, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware, 1994-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:28:58","indexId":"wri034193","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4193","title":"Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Christina River subbasin and overview of simulations in other subbasins of the Christina River Basin, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware, 1994-98","docAbstract":"<p>The Christina River Basin drains 565 square miles (mi<sup>2</sup>) in Pennsylvania and Delaware and includes the major subbasins of Brandywine Creek, Red Clay Creek, White Clay Creek, and Christina River. The Christina River subbasin (exclusive of the Brandywine, Red Clay, and White Clay Creek subbasins) drains an area of 76 mi<sup>2</sup>. Streams in the Christina River Basin are used for recreation, drinking water supply, and support of aquatic life. Water quality in some parts of the Christina River Basin is impaired and does not support designated uses of the stream. A multi-agency water-quality management strategy included a modeling component to evaluate the effects of point- and nonpoint-source contributions of nutrients and suspended sediment on stream water quality. To assist in nonpoint-source evaluation, four independent models, one for each of the four main subbasins of the Christina River Basin, were developed and calibrated using the model code Hydrological Simulation Program–Fortran (HSPF). Water-quality data for model calibration were collected in each of the four main subbasins and in small subbasins predominantly covered by one land use following a nonpoint- source monitoring plan. Under this plan, stormflow and base-flow samples were collected during 1998 at two sites in the Christina River subbasin and nine sites elsewhere in the Christina River Basin.</p><p>The HSPF model for the Christina River subbasin simulates streamflow, suspended sediment, and the nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, the model simulates water temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and plankton as secondary objectives needed to support the sediment and nutrient simulations. For the model, the basin was subdivided into nine reaches draining areas that ranged from 3.8 to 21.9 mi<sup>2</sup>. Ten different pervious land uses and two impervious land uses were selected for simulation. Land-use areas were determined from 1995 land-use data. The predominant land uses in the Christina River subbasin are residential, urban, forested, agricultural, and open.</p><p>The hydrologic component of the model was run at an hourly time step and calibrated using streamflow data from two U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-measurement stations for the period of October 1, 1994, through October 29, 1998. Daily precipitation data from one National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) meteorologic station and hourly data from one NOAA meteorologic station were used for model input. The difference between observed and simulated streamflow volume ranged from -2.3 to 5.3 percent for a 10-month portion of the calibration period at the two calibration sites. Annual differences between observed and simulated streamflow generally were greater than the overall error for the 4-year period. For example, at Christina River at Coochs Bridge, near the bottom of the free-flowing part of the subbasin (drainage area of 21 mi<sup>2</sup>), annual differences between observed and simulated streamflow ranged from -6.9 to 6.5 percent and the overall error for the 4-year period was -1.1 percent. Calibration errors for 36 storm periods at the three calibration sites for total volume, low-flow recession rate, 50-percent lowest flows, 10-percent highest flows, and storm peaks were within the recommended criteria of 20 percent or less. Much of the error in simulating storm events on an hourly time step can be attributed to uncertainty in the rainfall data.</p><p>The water-quality component of the model was calibrated using nonpoint-source monitoring data collected at two USGS streamflow-measurement stations and other water-quality monitoring data. The period of record for water-quality monitoring was variable at the stations, with a start date ranging from October 1994 to January 1998 and an end date of October 1998. Because of availability, monitoring data for suspended-solids concentrations were used as surrogates for suspended-sediment concentrations, although suspended-solids data may underestimate suspended sediment and affect apparent accuracy of the suspended-sediment simulaion. Comparison of observed to simulated loads for up to six storms in 1998 at the two nonpoint-source monitoring sites (Little Mill Creek near Newport and Christina River at Coochs Bridge, Del.) indicate that simulation error is commonly as large as an order of magnitude for suspended sediment and nutrients. The simulation error tends to be smaller for dissolved nutrients than for particulate nutrients. Errors of 40 percent or less for monthly or annual values indicate a fair to good water-quality calibration according to recommended criteria; much larger errors are possible for individual events. Assessment of the water-quality calibration under stormflow conditions is limited by the relatively small amount of available water-quality data in the subbasin.</p><p>Users of the Christina River subbasin HSPF model and HSPF models for other subbasins in the Christina River Basin should be aware of model limitations and consider the following if the model is used for predictive purposes: streamflow-duration curves suggest the model simulates streamflow reasonably well when measured over a broad range of conditions and time although streamflow and the corresponding water quality for individual storm events may not be well simulated; streamflow-duration curves for the simulation period compare well with duration curves for the 8-year period ending in 2001 at Christina River at Coochs Bridge, Del., and include all but the extreme high-flow and low-flow events; and calibration for water quality was based on limited data, with the result of increasing uncertainty in the water-quality simulation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034193","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Delaware River Basin Commission, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., and Koerkle, E.H., 2003, Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Christina River subbasin and overview of simulations in other subbasins of the Christina River Basin, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware, 1994-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4193, xii, 144 p , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034193.","productDescription":"xii, 144 p ","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4775,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4193/wri20034193.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2003-4193"},{"id":178226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4193/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center U.S. Geological Survey</a><br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction&nbsp;</li><li>Description of study area&nbsp;</li><li>Description of model&nbsp;</li><li>Data for model input and calibration&nbsp;</li><li>Simulation of streamflow&nbsp;</li><li>Simulation of water quality&nbsp;</li><li>Overview of Christina River Basin models</li><li>Summary and conclusions&nbsp;</li><li>References cited</li><li>Appendixes&nbsp;</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a1e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koerkle, Edward H. ekoerkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koerkle","given":"Edward","email":"ekoerkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":52670,"text":"ofr03344 - 2003 - Selected natural attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"ofr03344","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-344","title":"Selected natural attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2001","docAbstract":"Previous investigations have shown that natural attenuation and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are substantial in shallow ground water beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1 (OU 1), Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Division Keyport, Washington. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has continued to monitor ground-water geochemistry to assure that conditions remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation. This report presents the ground-water geochemical and selected CVOC data collected at OU 1 by the USGS during June 11-14, 2001 in support of the long-term monitoring for natural attenuation.\r\n\r\nOverall, the June 2001 data indicate that redox conditions in the upper aquifer remain favorable for reductive dechlorination of CVOCs because strongly reducing conditions persisted beneath much of the former landfill. Redox conditions in the intermediate aquifer down gradient of the landfill appear to have become more favorable for reductive dechlorination because June 2001 dissolved hydrogen concentrations indicated strongly reducing conditions there for the first time. Although changes in redox conditions were observed at certain wells during 2001, a longer monitoring period is needed to ascertain if phytoremediation activities are affecting the ground-water chemistry.\r\n\r\nA minor change to future monitoring is proposed. Filtered organic carbon (previously referred to as dissolved, and defined as that which passes through a 0.45-micrometer membrane filter) should be analyzed in the future rather than unfiltered (previously referred to as total) organic carbon because the filtered analysis may be a better measure of bioavailable organic carbon. Unfiltered and filtered organic carbon data were collected during June 2001 for comparison. Filtered organic carbon data collected in the future could be reasonably compared with historical unfiltered organic carbon data by multiplying the historical data by a factor of about 0.9.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03344","usgsCitation":"Dinico, R.S., 2003, Selected natural attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-344, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03344.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5168,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03344/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a02e4b07f02db5f81de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinico, Richard Steven","contributorId":103735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinico","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}