{"pageNumber":"1028","pageRowStart":"25675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40828,"records":[{"id":1016397,"text":"1016397 - 2005 - Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T14:47:06","indexId":"1016397","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America","docAbstract":"<p>An increase in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has been posited to be a potential factor in the decline of some amphibian population. This hypothesis has received support from laboratory and field experiments showing that current levels of UV-B can cause embryo mortality in some species, but little research has addressed whether UV-B is influencing the distribution of amphibian populations. We compared patterns of amphibian presence to site-specific estimates of UV-B dose at 683 ponds and lakes in Glacier, Olympic, and Sequoia&ndash;Kings Canyon National Parks. All three parks are located in western North America, a region with a concentration of documented amphibian declines. Site-specific daily UV-B dose was estimated using modeled and field-collected data to incorporate the effects of elevation, landscape, and water-column dissolved organic carbon. Of the eight species we examined (<i>Ambystoma gracile, Ambystoma macrodactylum, Bufo boreas, Pseudacris regilla, Rana cascadae, Rana leuteiventris, Rana muscosa, Taricha granulosa</i>), two species (<i>T. granulosa and A. macrodactylum</i>) had quadratic relationships with UV-B that could have resulted from negative UV-B effects. Both species were most likely to occur at moderate UV-B levels. <i>Ambystoma macrodactylum</i> showed this pattern only in Glacier National Park. Occurrence of <i>A. macrodactylum</i> increased as UV-B increased in Olympic National Park despite UV-B levels similar to those recorded in Glacier. We also found marginal support for a negative association with UV-B for <i>P. regilla</i> in one of the two parks where it occurred. We did not find evidence of a negative UV-B effect for any other species. Much more work is still needed to determine whether UV-B, either alone or in concert with other factors, is causing widespread population losses in amphibians.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/s10021-003-0033-3","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Hossack, B., Knapp, R., Corn, P., Diamond, S.A., Trenham, P., and Fagre, D., 2005, Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in western North America: Ecosystems, v. 8, no. 5, p. 488-500, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0033-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"500","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Montana, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, Olympic National Park, Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.98193359375,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.564453125,\n              36.155617833818525\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.27880859375001,\n              35.29943548054545\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.35595703124999,\n              36.01356058518153\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5537109375,\n              37.17782559332976\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.85009765625,\n              38.09998264736481\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.55322265624999,\n              37.68382032669382\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.98193359375,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.31030273437499,\n              48.151428143221224\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.12377929687499,\n              48.011975126709956\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.80517578125,\n              47.71715357016648\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.101806640625,\n              47.27177506640826\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.98071289062499,\n              47.27177506640826\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.31030273437499,\n              48.151428143221224\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.4500732421875,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.521728515625,\n              48.98742700601184\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.2965087890625,\n              48.636538782610465\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.02734374999999,\n              48.29781249243716\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.69775390625,\n              48.00094957553023\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.6483154296875,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.35717773437499,\n              47.19344533938295\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.6483154296875,\n              46.89023157359399\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.36242675781249,\n              47.08882558740757\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0435791015625,\n              47.14489748555398\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.99414062499999,\n              47.99359789867388\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.12597656249999,\n              48.40732607972984\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.89501953124999,\n              48.98742700601184\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.4500732421875,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f2eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, B. R.","contributorId":10756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knapp, R.A.","contributorId":87510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diamond, S. A.","contributorId":41382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamond","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Trenham, P.C.","contributorId":13197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trenham","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1016387,"text":"1016387 - 2005 - Spacing and physical habitat selection patterns by peregrine falcons in central West Greenland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T16:38:37.218267","indexId":"1016387","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spacing and physical habitat selection patterns by peregrine falcons in central West Greenland","docAbstract":"<p>We examined nest-site spacing and selection of nesting cliffs by Peregrine Falcons (<i>Falco peregrinus</i>) in central West Greenland. Our sample included 67 nesting cliffs that were occupied at least once between 1972 and 1999 and 38 cliffs with no known history of Peregrine Falcon occupancy. We measured 29 eyrie, cliff, and topographical features at each occupied nesting cliff and unused cliff in 1998a??1999 and used them to model the probability of peregrines occupying a cliff for a breeding attempt. Nearest-neighbor distance was significantly greater than both nearest-cliff distance and nearest-occupied distance (the distance between an occupied cliff and one occupied at least once, 1972a??1999). Thus, spacing among occupied cliffs was probably the most important factor limiting nesting-cliff availability, and, ultimately, peregrine nesting densities. Although some unused cliffs were unavailable in a given year because of peregrine spacing behavior, physical characteristics apparently made some cliffs unsuitable, regardless of availability. We confirmed the importance of several features common to descriptions of peregrine nesting habitat and found that peregrines occupied tall nesting cliffs with open views. They chose nesting cliffs with eyrie ledges that provided a moderate degree of overhang protection and that were inaccessible to ground predators. Overall, we concluded that certain features of a cliff were important in determining its suitability as a nest site, but within a given breeding season there also must be sufficient spacing between neighboring falcon pairs. Our habitat model and information on spacing requirements may be applicable to other areas of Greenland and the Arctic, and can be used to test the generalities about features of Peregrine Falcon nesting cliffs throughout the species' widespread distribution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/04-036.1","usgsCitation":"Wightman, C.S., and Fuller, M.R., 2005, Spacing and physical habitat selection patterns by peregrine falcons in central West Greenland: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 117, no. 3, p. 226-236, https://doi.org/10.1676/04-036.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"226","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477850,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1676/04-036.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":134242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","otherGeospatial":"Kangerlussuaq","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -54,\n              67.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -49.5,\n              67.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -49.5,\n              66.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -54,\n              66.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -54,\n              67.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486be4b07f02db50abf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wightman, Catherine S","contributorId":259260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wightman","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":52338,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":324149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016386,"text":"1016386 - 2005 - The influence of forest management on headwater stream amphibians at multiple spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T15:05:46.926121","indexId":"1016386","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of forest management on headwater stream amphibians at multiple spatial scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding how habitat structure at multiple spatial scales influences vertebrates can facilitate development of effective conservation strategies, but until recently most studies have focused on habitat relationships only at fine or intermediate scales. In particular, patterns of amphibian occurrence across broad spatial scales are not well studied, despite recent concerns over regional and global declines. We examined habitat relationships of larval and neotenic Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus), larval and adult Pacific tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei) (hereafter “tailed frogs”), and torrent salamanders (Rhyacotriton spp.) at three spatial scales (2-m sample unit, intermediate, and drainage). In 1998 and 1999, we captured 1568 amphibians in 702 sample units in 16 randomly chosen drainages in the Oregon Coast Range. We examined species–habitat associations at each spatial scale using an information-theoretic approach of analysis to rank sets of logistic regression models developed a priori. At the 2-m sample unit scale, all groups were negatively associated with proportion of small substrate and positively associated with stream width or elevation. At the intermediate scale, Pacific giant salamanders, adult tailed frogs, and torrent salamanders were positively associated with presence of a 46-m band of forested habitat on each side of the stream, and larval tailed frogs were positively associated with presence of forest &gt;105 years old. Aspect was important for Pacific giant salamanders and larval tailed frogs at the intermediate scale. At the drainage scale, all groups except torrent salamanders were positively associated with proportion of stream length having forested bands &gt;46 m in width, but further analysis suggests narrower bands may provide adequate protection for some groups. Population- and community-level responses at broad spatial scales may be reflected in species-level responses at fine spatial scales, and our results suggest that geophysical and ecological characteristics, as well as measures of instream habitat, can be used together to prioritize conservation emphasis areas for stream amphibians in managed landscapes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/03-5195","usgsCitation":"Stoddard, M., and Hayes, J.P., 2005, The influence of forest management on headwater stream amphibians at multiple spatial scales: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 3, p. 811-823, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5195.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"823","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoddard, M.","contributorId":53354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoddard","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, J. P.","contributorId":42565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016385,"text":"1016385 - 2005 - A hierarchical perspective of plant diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:50","indexId":"1016385","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3214,"text":"The Quarterly Review of Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hierarchical perspective of plant diversity","docAbstract":"Predictive models of plant diversity have typically focused on either a landscapea??s capacity for richness (equilibrium models), or on the processes that regulate competitive exclusion, and thus allow species to coexist (nonequilibrium models). Here, we review the concepts and purposes of a hierarchical, multiscale model of the controls of plant diversity that incorporates the equilibrium model of climatic favorability at macroscales, nonequilibrium models of competition at microscales, and a mixed model emphasizing environmental heterogeneity at mesoscales.\r\n\r\nWe evaluate the conceptual model using published data from three spatially nested datasets: (1) a macroscale analysis of ecoregions in the continental and western U.S.; (2) a mesoscale study in California; and (3) a microscale study in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon and California. At the macroscale (areas from 3889 km2 to 638,300 km2), climate (actual evaporation) was a strong predictor of tree diversity (R2 = 0.80), as predicted by the conceptual model, but area was a better predictor for vascular plant diversity overall (R2 = 0.38), which suggests different types of plants differ in their sensitivity to climatic controls. At mesoscales (areas from 1111 km2 to 15,833 km2 ), climate was still an important predictor of richness (R2 = 0.52), but, as expected, topographic heterogeneity explained an important share of the variance (R2 = 0.19), showed positive correlations with diversity of trees, shrubs, and annual and perennial herbs, and was the primary predictor of shrub and annual plant species richness. At microscales (0.1 ha plots), spatial patterns of diversity showed a clear unimodal pattern along a climatea??driven productivity gradient and a negative relationship with soil fertility. The strong decline in understory and total diversity at the most productive sites suggests that competitive controls, as predicted, can override climatic controls at this scale.\r\n\r\nWe conclude that this hierarchical, multiscale model provides a sound basis to understand and analyze plant species diversity. Specifically, future research should employ the principles in this paper to explore climatic controls on species richness of different life forms, better quantify environmental heterogeneity in landscapes, and analyze how these largea??scale factors interact with local nonequilibrium dynamics to maintain plant diversity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quarterly Review of Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sarr, D., Hibbs, D., and Huston, M., 2005, A hierarchical perspective of plant diversity: The Quarterly Review of Biology, v. 80, no. 2, p. 187-212.","productDescription":"p. 187-212","startPage":"187","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarr, Daniel","contributorId":71148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarr","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hibbs, D.E.","contributorId":12435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbs","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huston, M.","contributorId":58612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huston","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1016381,"text":"1016381 - 2005 - Assessing uncertainty in ecological systems using global sensitivity analyses: A case example of simulated wolf reintroduction effects on elk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T15:13:57.872742","indexId":"1016381","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing uncertainty in ecological systems using global sensitivity analyses: A case example of simulated wolf reintroduction effects on elk","docAbstract":"<p><span>Often landmark conservation decisions are made despite an incomplete knowledge of system behavior and inexact predictions of how complex ecosystems will respond to management actions. For example, predicting the feasibility and likely effects of restoring top-level carnivores such as the gray wolf (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>) to North American wilderness areas is hampered by incomplete knowledge of the predator-prey system processes and properties. In such cases, global sensitivity measures, such as Sobol’ indices, allow one to quantify the effect of these uncertainties on model predictions. Sobol’ indices are calculated by decomposing the variance in model predictions (due to parameter uncertainty) into main effects of model parameters and their higher order interactions. Model parameters with large sensitivity indices can then be identified for further study in order to improve predictive capabilities. Here, we illustrate the use of Sobol’ sensitivity indices to examine the effect of parameter uncertainty on the predicted decline of elk (</span><i>Cervus elaphus</i><span>) population sizes following a hypothetical reintroduction of wolves to Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. The strength of density dependence acting on survival of adult elk and magnitude of predation were the most influential factors controlling elk population size following a simulated wolf reintroduction. In particular, the form of density dependence in natural survival rates and the per-capita predation rate together accounted for over 90% of variation in simulated elk population trends. Additional research on wolf predation rates on elk and natural compensations in prey populations is needed to reliably predict the outcome of predator–prey system behavior following wolf reintroductions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.042","usgsCitation":"Fieberg, J., and Jenkins, K.J., 2005, Assessing uncertainty in ecological systems using global sensitivity analyses: A case example of simulated wolf reintroduction effects on elk: Ecological Modelling, v. 187, p. 259-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.042.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"187","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fieberg, J.","contributorId":106070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fieberg","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016362,"text":"1016362 - 2005 - Population size and trend of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T15:25:29.623858","indexId":"1016362","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population size and trend of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Yellow-billed Loon (</span><i>Gavia adamsii</i><span>) is of conservation concern due to its restricted range, small population size, specific habitat requirements, and perceived threats to its breeding and wintering habitat. Within the U.S., this species breeds almost entirely within the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, nearly all of which is open, or proposed to be opened, for oil development. Rigorous estimates of Yellow-billed Loon population size and trend are lacking but essential for informed conservation. We used two annual aerial waterfowl surveys, conducted 1986–2003 and 1992–2003, to estimate population size and trend on northern Alaskan breeding grounds. In estimating population trend, we used mixed-effects regression models to reduce bias and sampling error associated with improvement in observer skill and annual effects of spring phenology. The estimated population trend on Alaskan breeding grounds since 1986 was near 0 with an estimated annual change of−0.9% (95% CI of−3.6% to +1.8%). The estimated population size, averaged over the past 12 years and adjusted by a correction factor based on an intensive, lake-circling, aerial survey method, was 2221 individuals (95% CI of 1206–3235) in early June and 3369 individuals (95% CI of 1910–4828) in late June. Based on estimates from other studies of the proportion of loons nesting in a given year, it is likely that &lt;1000 nesting pairs inhabit northern Alaska in most years. The highest concentration of Yellow-billed Loons occurred between the Meade and Ikpikpuk Rivers; and across all of northern Alaska, 53% of recorded sightings occurred within 12% of the area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/107.2.289","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S.L., Stehn, R., Platte, R., Larned, W.W., and Mallek, E.J., 2005, Population size and trend of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska: Condor, v. 107, p. 289-304, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.2.289.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.7734375,\n              68.6885206018014\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.416015625,\n              68.6885206018014\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.416015625,\n              71.24435551310674\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7734375,\n              71.24435551310674\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7734375,\n              68.6885206018014\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, Susan L. susan_earnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":4446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"Susan","email":"susan_earnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehn, Robert A","contributorId":216354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehn","given":"Robert A","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":324082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Platte, Robert","contributorId":105680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platte","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larned, William W.","contributorId":75206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larned","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mallek, Edward J.","contributorId":103964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallek","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1016361,"text":"1016361 - 2005 - Establishing native grasses in a big sagebrush-dominated site: An intermediate restoration step","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T13:50:29.718085","indexId":"1016361","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishing native grasses in a big sagebrush-dominated site: An intermediate restoration step","docAbstract":"<p>Many semiarid rangelands in the Great Basin, U.S.A., are shifting dominance to woody species as a consequence of land degradation including intense livestock grazing and fire suppression. Whereas past rehabilitation efforts in Big sagebrush (<i>Artemisia tridentata</i>) steppes removed the shrub and added introduced forage grasses to successfully shift communities from shrublands to grasslands, current consensus is that native species should be included in restoration projects and that retention of some woody plants is desirable. We examined the potential for interseeding grasses into dense shrub communities as a precursor to thinning shrubs and releasing grasses from shrub interference. We compared seedling establishment of the native grass, Bluebunch wheatgrass (<i>Pseudoroegneria spicata</i>), with that of the Eurasia grass, Crested wheatgrass (<i>Agropyron desertorum</i>), in dense&nbsp;<i>Ar. tridentata</i>&nbsp;stands. Shrubs may play an important role as nurse plants for seedling establishment (reduced solar radiation, “island of fertility” effect) but result in highly contrasting light environments and root interference for seedlings. In experimental plots, we examined effects of&nbsp;<i>Ar. tridentata</i>&nbsp;shade levels (0, 40, 70, and 90% reduction of solar radiation) and initial root exclusion (present/absent) on the establishment and growth of&nbsp;<i>P. spicata</i>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<i>Ag. desertorum</i>&nbsp;seedlings. With this design we evaluated the interference effects of&nbsp;<i>Ar. tridentata</i>&nbsp;on the two grasses and identified the most beneficial microsites for grass restoration in&nbsp;<i>Ar. tridentata</i>–dominated communities. We predicted seedling survival and growth to be greater under moderate shade (40% reduction) and limited root competition than under no or strong shade conditions (0 and 90%) and unrestricted root interactions. Fifty to 85% of the&nbsp;<i>P. spicata</i>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<i>Ag. desertorum</i>&nbsp;seedlings survived the dry summer months of 1995 and 1996 and the intervening winter. Neither shading nor root exclusion from&nbsp;<i>Ar. tridentata</i>&nbsp;affected final seedling survival of either species. Seedling biomass of both grass species was negatively affected by initial root interactions with&nbsp;<i>Ar. tridentata.</i>&nbsp;However, the analysis of seedling biomass variability (coefficient of variation) indicated that in all shade and root-exclusion treatments, some seedlings of both species developed to large individuals to survive in&nbsp;<i>Ar. tridentata</i>–dominated rangelands. Thus, the use of interseeding techniques shows promise for restoring herbaceous species in dense&nbsp;<i>Ar. tridentata</i>&nbsp;stands and should be given further consideration when shrub retention is an important consideration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00037.x","usgsCitation":"Huber-Sannwald, E., and Pyke, D.A., 2005, Establishing native grasses in a big sagebrush-dominated site: An intermediate restoration step: Restoration Ecology, v. 13, no. 2, p. 292-301, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00037.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Logan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.83395385742186,\n              41.66573093599398\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.66229248046874,\n              41.66573093599398\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.66229248046874,\n              41.82557203489185\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.83395385742186,\n              41.82557203489185\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.83395385742186,\n              41.66573093599398\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fde85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth","contributorId":88700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huber-Sannwald","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016350,"text":"1016350 - 2005 - Red brome (Bromus rubens subsp. madritensis) in North America:  Possible modes for early introductions, subsequent spread","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-07T15:47:29.2471","indexId":"1016350","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Red brome (<i>Bromus rubens</i> subsp. <i>madritensis</i>) in North America:  Possible modes for early introductions, subsequent spread","title":"Red brome (Bromus rubens subsp. madritensis) in North America:  Possible modes for early introductions, subsequent spread","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although invasions by exotic plants have increased dramatically as human travel and commerce have increased, few have been comprehensively described. Understanding the patterns of invasive species’ spread over space and time will help guide management activities and policy. Tracing the earliest appearances of an exotic plant reveals likely sites of introduction, paving the way for genetic studies to quantify founder events and identify potential source populations. Red brome (</span><i>Bromus madritensis</i><span>&nbsp;subsp.&nbsp;</span><i>rubens</i><span>) is a Mediterranean winter annual grass that has invaded even relatively undisturbed areas of western North America, where it threatens native plant communities. This study used herbarium records and contemporary published accounts to trace the early introductions and subsequent spread of red brome in western North America. The results challenge the most frequently cited sources describing the early history of this grass and suggest three possible modes for early introductions: the California Gold Rush and Central Valley wheat, southern California shipping, and northern California sheep. Subsequent periods of most rapid spread into new areas, from 1930 to 1942, and of greatest spread into new regions, during the past 50 years, coincide with ‘warm’ Pacific Decadal Oscillation regimes, which are linked to increased winter precipitation in the southwestern USA and northern Mexico. Global environmental change, including increased atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;levels and N deposition, may be contributing to the success of red brome, relative to native species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-004-8979-4","usgsCitation":"Salo, L.F., 2005, Red brome (Bromus rubens subsp. madritensis) in North America:  Possible modes for early introductions, subsequent spread: Biological Invasions, v. 7, no. 2, p. 165-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-004-8979-4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635361","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salo, L. F.","contributorId":104453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salo","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1016263,"text":"1016263 - 2005 - Selection of arboreal termitaria for nesting by cooperatively breeding Micronesian Kingfishers Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T20:13:12.045898","indexId":"1016263","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Selection of arboreal termitaria for nesting by cooperatively breeding Micronesian Kingfishers <i>Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii</i>","title":"Selection of arboreal termitaria for nesting by cooperatively breeding Micronesian Kingfishers Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Limited nest-site availability appears to be an important factor in the evolution of delayed dispersal and cooperative breeding in some cavity-nesting species. The cooperatively breeding Pohnpei subspecies of Micronesian Kingfisher&nbsp;</span><i>Todiramphus cinnamominus</i><span>&nbsp;reichenbachii excavates nest cavities from the nests of arboreal termites&nbsp;</span><i>Nasutitermes</i><span>&nbsp;spp., or termitaria. In this first published description of nest-sites for this subspecies, we used surveys, remote sensing and radiotelemetry to evaluate the relationship between nest-site availability and co-operation. Results illustrate that nest termitaria are higher in the forest canopy, larger in volume and occur in areas with more contiguous canopy cover than unused termitaria. Nest termitaria were selected independently of the proximity to forest edges and territory boundaries, and we found no difference in characteristics of termitaria used by cooperative groups and breeding pairs. Logistic regression modelling indicated that termitaria with nest-like characteristics were not limited in abundance, suggesting that neither the prospects of inheriting nesting resources nor limited nest-site abundance are probable explanations for delayed dispersal in the Pohnpei subspecies of Micronesian Kingfisher.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00387.x","usgsCitation":"Kesler, D.C., and Haig, S.M., 2005, Selection of arboreal termitaria for nesting by cooperatively breeding Micronesian Kingfishers Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii: Ibis, v. 147, no. 1, p. 188-196, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00387.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489986,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00387.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Federated States of Micronesia","otherGeospatial":"Pohnpei","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              158.0877685546875,\n              6.735530988605575\n            ],\n            [\n              158.37890625,\n              6.735530988605575\n            ],\n            [\n              158.37890625,\n              7.020482951434607\n            ],\n            [\n              158.0877685546875,\n              7.020482951434607\n            ],\n            [\n              158.0877685546875,\n              6.735530988605575\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"147","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689ca6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kesler, Dylan C.","contributorId":14358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kesler","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6769,"text":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":323831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016246,"text":"1016246 - 2005 - Terrestrial C sequestration at elevated CO2 and temperature: the role of dissolved organic N loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T15:05:15","indexId":"1016246","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial C sequestration at elevated CO2 and temperature: the role of dissolved organic N loss","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used a simple model of carbon–nitrogen (C–N) interactions in terrestrial ecosystems to examine the responses to elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and to elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plus warming in ecosystems that had the same total nitrogen loss but that differed in the ratio of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) loss. We postulate that DIN losses can be curtailed by higher N demand in response to elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, but that DON losses cannot. We also examined simulations in which DON losses were held constant, were proportional to the amount of soil organic matter, were proportional to the soil C:N ratio, or were proportional to the rate of decomposition. We found that the mode of N loss made little difference to the short‐term (&lt;60 years) rate of carbon sequestration by the ecosystem, but high DON losses resulted in much lower carbon sequestration in the long term than did low DON losses. In the short term, C sequestration was fueled by an internal redistribution of N from soils to vegetation and by increases in the C:N ratio of soils and vegetation. This sequestration was about three times larger with elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and warming than with elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>alone. After year 60, C sequestration was fueled by a net accumulation of N in the ecosystem, and the rate of sequestration was about the same with elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and warming as with elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>alone. With high DON losses, the ecosystem either sequestered C slowly after year 60 (when DON losses were constant or proportional to soil organic matter) or lost C (when DON losses were proportional to the soil C:N ratio or to decomposition). We conclude that changes in long‐term C sequestration depend not only on the magnitude of N losses, but also on the form of those losses.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/03-5303","usgsCitation":"Rastetter, E.B., Perakis, S., Shaver, G.R., and Agren, G.I., 2005, Terrestrial C sequestration at elevated CO2 and temperature: the role of dissolved organic N loss: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 1, p. 71-86, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5303.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/314","text":"External Repository"},{"id":135340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6054e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rastetter, Edward B.","contributorId":9227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rastetter","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaver, Gaius R.","contributorId":72357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaver","given":"Gaius","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Agren, Goran I.","contributorId":85146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agren","given":"Goran","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1016242,"text":"1016242 - 2005 - Nitrogen retention across a gradient of 15N additions to an unpolluted temperate forest soil in Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-07T14:44:34.857882","indexId":"1016242","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Nitrogen retention across a gradient of <sup>15</sup>N additions to an unpolluted temperate forest soil in Chile","title":"Nitrogen retention across a gradient of 15N additions to an unpolluted temperate forest soil in Chile","docAbstract":"<p>Accelerated nitrogen (N) inputs can drive nonlinear changes in N cycling, retention, and loss in forest ecosystems. Nitrogen processing in soils is critical to understanding these changes, since soils typically are the largest N sink in forests. To elucidate soil mechanisms that underlie shifts in N cycling across a wide gradient of N supply, we added<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>at nine treatment levels ranging in geometric sequence from 0.2 kg to 640 kg N·ha<sup>−1</sup>·yr<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to an unpolluted old-growth temperate forest in southern Chile. We recovered roughly half of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N tracers in 0–25 cm of soil, primarily in the surface 10 cm. Low to moderate rates of N supply failed to stimulate N leaching, which suggests that most unrecovered<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N was transferred from soils to unmeasured sinks above ground. However, soil solution losses of nitrate increased sharply at inputs &gt;160 kg N·ha<sup>−1</sup>·yr<sup>−1</sup>, corresponding to a threshold of elevated soil N availability and declining<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N retention in soil. Soil organic matter (&lt;5.6 mm) dominated tracer retention at low rates of N input, but coarse roots and particulate organic matter became increasingly important at higher N supply. Coarse roots and particulate organic matter together accounted for 38% of recovered<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N in soils at the highest N inputs and may explain a substantial fraction of the “missing N” often reported in studies of fates of N inputs to forests.</p><p>Contrary to expectations, N additions did not stimulate gross N cycling, potential nitrification, or ammonium oxidizer populations. Our results indicate that the nonlinearity in N retention and loss resulted directly from excessive N supply relative to sinks, independent of plant–soil–microbial feedbacks. However, N additions did induce a sharp decrease in microbial biomass C:N that is predicted by N saturation theory, and which could increase long-term N storage in soil organic matter by lowering the critical C:N ratio for net N mineralization. All measured sinks accumulated<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N tracers across the full gradient of N supply, suggesting that short-term nonlinearity in N retention resulted from saturation of uptake kinetics, not uptake capacity, in plant, soil, and microbial pools.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/04-0415","usgsCitation":"Perakis, S., Compton, J.E., and Hedin, L.O., 2005, Nitrogen retention across a gradient of 15N additions to an unpolluted temperate forest soil in Chile: Ecology, v. 86, no. 1, p. 96-105, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0415.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"105","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Parque Nacional Chiloé","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.03961181640625,\n              -42.66123150298923\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.92562866210938,\n              -42.57735483955784\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.04098510742188,\n              -42.28746890196626\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.13848876953125,\n              -42.29458001652549\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.20028686523438,\n              -42.42447024463855\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.19204711914062,\n              -42.47716144453505\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.18106079101562,\n              -42.52677220056901\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.03961181640625,\n              -42.66123150298923\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c0f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Compton, Jana E.","contributorId":194134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Compton","given":"Jana","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hedin, L. O.","contributorId":28574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedin","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015301,"text":"1015301 - 2005 - Delayed effects of flood control on a flood-dependent riparian forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T10:26:51","indexId":"1015301","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delayed effects of flood control on a flood-dependent riparian forest","docAbstract":"<p>The downstream effects of dams on riparian forests are strongly mediated by the character and magnitude of adjustment of the fluvial–geomorphic system. To examine the effects of flow regulation on sand-bed streams in eastern Colorado, we studied the riparian forest on three river segments, the dam-regulated South Fork Republican River downstream of Bonny Dam, the unregulated South Fork Republican River upstream of Bonny Dam, and the unregulated Arikaree River. Although Bonny Dam significantly reduced peak and mean discharge downstream since 1951, there was little difference in forest structure between the regulated and unregulated segments. On all river segments, the riparian forest was dominated by the native pioneer tree, <span class=\"genusSpeciesInfoAsset\">Populus deltoides</span>, which became established during a period of channel narrowing beginning after the 1935 flood of record and ending by 1965. The nonnative <span class=\"genusSpeciesInfoAsset\">Elaeagnus angustifolia</span> was present on all river segments, with recruitment ongoing. The lack of contrast in forest structure between regulated and unregulated reaches resulted primarily from the fact that no large floods occurred on any of the study segments since dam construction. Most of the riparian forest in the study area was located on the broad narrowing terrace, which was rarely inundated on the unregulated segments, resulting in little contrast with the regulated segment. A minor dam effect occurred on the small modern floodplain, which was actively disturbed on the unregulated segments, but not on the regulated segments. Although Bonny Dam had the potential to significantly influence downstream riparian ecosystems, this influence had not been expressed, and may never be if a large flood does not occur within the lifetime of the dam. Minor dam effects to riparian systems can be expected downstream of large dams in some settings, including the present example in which there was insufficient time for the dam effects to by fully expressed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/04-0076","usgsCitation":"Katz, G.L., Friedman, J.M., and Beatty, S.W., 2005, Delayed effects of flood control on a flood-dependent riparian forest: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 3, p. 1019-1035, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0076.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1035","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f751c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, Gabrielle L.","contributorId":194352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katz","given":"Gabrielle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beatty, Susan W.","contributorId":70530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beatty","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015283,"text":"1015283 - 2005 - Drought allocations using the Systems Impact Assessment Model: Klamath River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T11:54:33","indexId":"1015283","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drought allocations using the Systems Impact Assessment Model: Klamath River","docAbstract":"<p>Water supply and allocation scenarios for the Klamath River, Ore. and Calif., were evaluated using the Systems Impact Assessment Model (SIAM), a decision support system developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. SIAM is a set of models with a graphical user interface that simulates water supply and delivery in a managed river system, water quality, and fish production. Simulation results are presented for drought conditions, one aspect of Klamath River water operations. The Klamath River Basin has experienced critically dry conditions in 1992, 1994, and 2001. Drought simulations are useful to estimate the impacts of specific legal or institutional flow constraints. In addition, simulations help to identify potential adverse water quality consequences including evaluating the potential for reducing adverse temperature impacts on anadromous fish. In all drought simulations, water supply was insufficient to fully meet upstream and downstream targets for endangered species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2005)131:2(110)","usgsCitation":"Flug, M., and Campbell, S., 2005, Drought allocations using the Systems Impact Assessment Model: Klamath River: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 131, no. 2, p. 110-115, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2005)131:2(110).","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"115","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633da4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flug, M.","contributorId":57419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flug","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, S.G.","contributorId":37694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015282,"text":"1015282 - 2005 - Examining patterns of bat activity in Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico, using walking point transects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-18T10:26:42","indexId":"1015282","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining patterns of bat activity in Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico, using walking point transects","docAbstract":"<p><span>We conducted a preliminary study using small field crews, a single Anabat II detector coupled with a laptop computer, and point transects to examine patterns of bat activity at a scale of interest to local resource managers. The study was conducted during summers of 1996–1998 in Bandelier National Monument in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico, a landscape with distinct vegetation zones and high species richness of bats. We developed simple models that described general patterns of acoustic activity within 4 vegetation zones based primarily on nightly variation and a qualitative index of habitat complexity. Bat acoustic activity (number of bat passes&amp;sol point) did not vary dramatically among a limited sample of transects within a vegetation zone during 1996. In 1997 and 1998, single transects within each vegetation zone were established, and bat activity did not vary annually within these zones. Acoustic activity differed among the 4 vegetation zones of interest, with the greatest activity occurring in riparian canyon bottomland, intermediate activity in coniferous forest and a 1977 burned zone, and lowest activity in piñon-juniper woodlands. We identified 68.5% of 2,529 bat passes recorded during point-transect surveys to species using an echolocation call reference library we established for the area and qualitative characteristics of bat calls. Bat species richness and composition differed among vegetation zones. Results of these efforts were consistent with general knowledge of where different bat species typically forage and with the natural history of bats of New Mexico, suggesting such a method might have value for drawing inferences about bat activity in different vegetation zones.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0197:EPOBAI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L., Everette, A., and Bogan, M., 2005, Examining patterns of bat activity in Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico, using walking point transects: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 50, no. 2, p. 197-208, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0197:EPOBAI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"208","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f95a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, L.E.","contributorId":103610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Everette, A. L. 0000-0003-2539-9129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2539-9129","contributorId":31718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everette","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bogan, M.A.","contributorId":17939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008110,"text":"1008110 - 2005 - Spring migration of northern pintails from California's Central Valley wintering area tracked by satellite telemetry: Routes, timing, and destinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-10T21:17:24.610305","indexId":"1008110","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring migration of northern pintails from California's Central Valley wintering area tracked by satellite telemetry: Routes, timing, and destinations","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used satellite transmitters to track the 2000–2003 spring migrations of adult female Northern Pintails (</span><i>Anas acuta</i><span>&nbsp;L., 1758) from California's Central Valley, USA. PTT-tagged Pintails departed during late February to mid-March, and 77%–87% stopped first in the region of south-central Oregon, extreme northwestern Nevada, and northeastern California (SONEC). Subsequently, most Pintails used migration strategies characterized by the length of stay in SONEC and subsequent destinations: (</span><i>i</i><span>) extended stay in SONEC, migrated late April to early May directly to Alaska over the Pacific Ocean (7%–23% annually); (</span><i>ii</i><span>) same timing as in&nbsp;</span><i>i</i><span>, but flew to Alaska along the Pacific Coast using stopovers (0%–28% annually); (</span><i>iii</i><span>) moderate period in SONEC, migrated late March to mid-April directly primarily to southern Alberta in Prairie Canada (17%–39% annually), with many moving to northern Canada or Alaska; or (</span><i>iv</i><span>) short period in SONEC, migrated early to late March to Prairie Canada via stopovers primarily in southern Idaho and western Montana (32%–50% annually), with some moving to northern Canada or Alaska. Pintails that bypassed SONEC used these same strategies or moved easterly. Pintails modified migration strategies relative to record cold temperatures and wetland abundance in the mid-continent prairie region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z05-125","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., Takekawa, J.Y., Fleskes, J., Orthmeyer, D., Casazza, M.L., and Perry, W., 2005, Spring migration of northern pintails from California's Central Valley wintering area tracked by satellite telemetry: Routes, timing, and destinations: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 83, no. 10, p. 1314-1332, https://doi.org/10.1139/z05-125.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1314","endPage":"1332","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e49e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleskes, J. P.","contributorId":98661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orthmeyer, D.L.","contributorId":84684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perry, W.M.","contributorId":15949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1008113,"text":"1008113 - 2005 - Alien plant dynamics following fire in Mediterranean-climate California shrublands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T14:33:57.532542","indexId":"1008113","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alien plant dynamics following fire in Mediterranean-climate California shrublands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Over 75 species of alien plants were recorded during the first five years after fire in southern California shrublands, most of which were European annuals. Both cover and richness of aliens varied between years and plant association. Alien cover was lowest in the first postfire year in all plant associations and remained low during succession in chaparral but increased in sage scrub. Alien cover and richness were significantly correlated with year (time since disturbance) and with precipitation in both coastal and interior sage scrub associations. Hypothesized factors determining alien dominance were tested with structural equation modeling. Models that included nitrogen deposition and distance from the coast were not significant, but with those variables removed we obtained a significant model that gave an&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.60 for the response variable of fifth year alien dominance. Factors directly affecting alien dominance were (1) woody canopy closure and (2) alien seed banks. Significant indirect effects were (3) fire intensity, (4) fire history, (5) prefire stand structure, (6) aridity, and (7) community type. According to this model the most critical factor influencing aliens is the rapid return of the shrub and subshrub canopy. Thus, in these communities a single functional type (woody plants) appears to the most critical element controlling alien invasion and persistence. Fire history is an important indirect factor because it affects both prefire stand structure and postfire alien seed banks. Despite being fire-prone ecosystems, these shrublands are not adapted to fire per se, but rather to a particular fire regime. Alterations in the fire regime produce a very different selective environment, and high fire frequency changes the selective regime to favor aliens. This study does not support the widely held belief that prescription burning is a viable management practice for controlling alien species on semiarid landscapes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/04-1222","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., Baer-Keeley, M., and Fotheringham, C.J., 2005, Alien plant dynamics following fire in Mediterranean-climate California shrublands: Ecological Applications, v. 15, p. 2109-2125, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1222.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2109","endPage":"2125","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.20166015625,\n              32.685619853722\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.60937499999999,\n              32.685619853722\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.60937499999999,\n              34.65128519895413\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.20166015625,\n              34.65128519895413\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.20166015625,\n              32.685619853722\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baer-Keeley, M.","contributorId":7239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baer-Keeley","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fotheringham, C. J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015275,"text":"1015275 - 2005 - Quantile regression reveals hidden bias and uncertainty in habitat models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T11:14:14","indexId":"1015275","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantile regression reveals hidden bias and uncertainty in habitat models","docAbstract":"<p>We simulated the effects of missing information on statistical distributions of animal response that covaried with measured predictors of habitat to evaluate the utility and performance of quantile regression for providing more useful intervals of uncertainty in habitat relationships. These procedures were evaulated for conditions in which heterogeneity and hidden bias were induced by confounding with missing variables associated with other improtant processes, a problem common in statistical modeling of ecological phenomena. Simulations for a large (<i>N</i> = 10 000) finite population representing grid locations on a landscape demonstrated various forms of hidden bias that might occur when the effect of a measured habitat variable on some animal was confounded with the effect of another unmeasured variable. Quantile (0 ≤ τ ≤ 1) regression parameters for linear models that excluded the important, unmeasured variable revealed bias relative to parameters from the generating model. Depending on whether interactions of the measured and unmeasured variables were negative (interference interactions) or positive (facilitation interactions) in simulations without spatial structuring, either upper (τ &gt; 0.5) or lower (τ &lt; 0.5) quantile regression parameters were less biased than mean rate parameters. Heterogeneous, nonlinear response patterns occurred with correlations between the measured and unmeasured variables. When the unmeasured variable was spatially structured, variation in parameters across quantiles associated with heterogeneous effects of the habitat variable was reduced by modeling the spatial trend surface as a cubic polynomial of location coordinates, but substantial hidden bias remained. Sampling (<i>n</i> = 20–300) simulations demonstrated that regression quantile estimates and confidence intervals constructed by inverting weighted rank score tests provided valid coverage of these parameters. Local forms of quantile weighting were required for obtaining correct Type I error rates and confidence interval coverage. Quantile regression was used to estimate effects of physical habitat resources on a bivalve (<i><span class=\"genusSpeciesInfoAsset\">Macomona liliana</span></i>) in the spatially structured landscape on a sandflat in a New Zealand harbor. Confidence intervals around predicted 0.10 and 0.90 quantiles were used to estimate sampling intervals containing 80% of the variation in densities in relation to bed elevation. Spatially structured variation in bivalve counts estimated by a cubic polynomial trend surface remained after accounting for the nonlinear effects of bed elevation, indicating the existence of important spatially structured processes that were not adequately represented by the measured habitat variables.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/04-0785","usgsCitation":"Cade, B., Noon, B., and Flather, C., 2005, Quantile regression reveals hidden bias and uncertainty in habitat models: Ecology, v. 86, no. 3, p. 786-800, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0785.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"786","endPage":"800","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a87e4b07f02db64e6b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noon, B.R.","contributorId":24311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noon","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flather, C.H.","contributorId":73161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flather","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015262,"text":"1015262 - 2005 - Recent water temperature trends in the Lower Klamath River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T19:35:45","indexId":"1015262","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent water temperature trends in the Lower Klamath River, California","docAbstract":"<p>Elevated water temperatures have been implicated as a factor limiting the recovery of anadromous salmonids in the Klamath River basin. This article reviews evidence of a multidecade trend of increasing temperatures in the lower main-stem Klamath River above the ocean and, based on model simulations, finds a high probability that water temperature has been increasing by approximately 0.5°C/decade (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42–0.60°C/decade) since the early 1960s. The season of high temperatures that are potentially stressful to salmonids has lengthened by about 1 month over the period studied, and the average length of main-stem river with cool summer temperatures has declined by about 8.2 km/decade. Water temperature trends seem unrelated to any change in main-stem water availability but are consistent with measured basinwide air temperature increases. Main-stem warming may be related to the cyclic Pacific Decadal Oscillation, but if this trend continues it might jeopardize the recovery of anadromous salmonids in the Klamath River basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M04-007.1","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., 2005, Recent water temperature trends in the Lower Klamath River, California: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 25, no. 1, p. 152-162, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-007.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"162","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689fb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015257,"text":"1015257 - 2005 - Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: An assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three cold desert rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T13:03:01","indexId":"1015257","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: An assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three cold desert rivers","docAbstract":"<p>I analyzed annual height growth and survivorship of Fremont cottonwood (<i>Populus fremontii</i> S. Watson) saplings on three floodplains in Colorado and Utah to assess responses to interannual variation in flow regime and summer precipitation. Mammal exclosures, supplemented with an insecticide treatment at one site, were used to assess flow regime – herbivore interactions. Multiple regression analyses on data collected over 7–11 years indicated that growth of continuously injury-free saplings was positively related to either peak discharge or the maximum 30-day discharge but was not related to interannual decline in the late-summer river stage (Δ<i>W</i><sub>MIN</sub>) or precipitation. Growth was fastest where Δ<i>W</i><sub>MIN</sub> was smallest and depth to the late-summer water table moderate (≤1.5 m). Survivorship increased with Δ<i>W</i><sub>MIN</sub> where the water table was at shallow depths. Herbivory reduced long-term height growth and survivorship by up to 60% and 50%, respectively. The results support the concept that flow history and environmental context determine whether a particular flow will have a net positive or negative influence on growth and survivorship and suggest that the flow regime that best promotes sapling growth and survival along managed rivers features a short spring flood pulse and constant base flow, with no interannual variation in the hydrograph. Because environmental contexts vary, interannual variation may be necessary for best overall stand performance.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/x05-203","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., 2005, Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: An assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three cold desert rivers: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 35, no. 12, p. 2886-2899, https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-203.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2886","endPage":"2899","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008337,"text":"1008337 - 2005 - Chaparral fuel modification: what do we know --- and need to know?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:39","indexId":"1008337","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1639,"text":"Fire Management Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chaparral fuel modification: what do we know --- and need to know?","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire Management Today","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 2005, Chaparral fuel modification: what do we know --- and need to know?: Fire Management Today, v. 65, no. 4, p. 11-12.","productDescription":"p. 11-12","startPage":"11","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008192,"text":"1008192 - 2005 - Evaluation of ecological risk to populations of a threatened plant from an invasive biocontrol insect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-13T15:16:21.363558","indexId":"1008192","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of ecological risk to populations of a threatened plant from an invasive biocontrol insect","docAbstract":"<p><span>Controversy exists over estimation of ecological risk in biological control. At present, the risk to the rare, federally listed Pitcher's thistle (<i>Cirsium pitcheri</i>) in North America from <i>Rhinocyllus conicus</i>, a biological control weevil now feeding on many native thistles, is unknown. We hypothesized that quantification of host specificity and potential phenological overlap between insect and plant would improve assessment of the magnitude of risk. In laboratory host specificity tests, we found no significant difference in <i>R. conicus</i> feeding or oviposition preference between the rare <i>C. pitcheri</i> and the targeted exotic weed (<i>Carduus nutans</i>) or between <i>C. pitcheri</i> and Platte thistle (<i>C. canescens</i>), a closely related native North American species known to be affected by <i>R. conicus</i>. In a garden environment, <i>R. conicus</i> spontaneously found, oviposited, and developed completely on <i>C. pitcheri</i>. Taller plants with more flower heads were significantly more vulnerable, suggesting that the greatest impact is likely to be on individuals that generally contribute the most to recruitment and population persistence. For eight sites in two national parks over three years, the calculated period of expected <i>R. conicus</i> activity overlapped 99% and 78% of the flower heads initiated by <i>C. pitcheri</i> in the southern and the northern park, respectively. A demographic model suggests that population growth rate (λ) of <i>C. pitcheri</i> will decrease from 0.9897 to 0.8686, while time to halve the population will decrease from 66.9 to 4.9 years, under the conservative assumption that oviposition by <i>R. conicus</i> on <i>C. pitcheri</i> will occur at the same rate as on the related <i>C. canescens</i>. Calculated decreases in λ and&nbsp;</span><i>t</i><sub>0.5</sub><span>&nbsp;are larger if the rate of oviposition actually observed in the laboratory tests is used. These results indicate that the weevil poses a serious quantitative, demographic risk to the threatened <i>C. pitcheri</i>. The study supports the suggestion that ecological data can be used to improve the quantification of risk to native nontarget plant populations within the potential physiological host range of a biological control insect.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/03-5212","usgsCitation":"Louda, S.M., Rand, T.A., Arnett, A.E., McClay, A.S., and McEachern, A.K., 2005, Evaluation of ecological risk to populations of a threatened plant from an invasive biocontrol insect: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 1, p. 234-249, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5212.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"234","endPage":"249","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United 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S. M.","contributorId":91039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Louda","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rand, T. A.","contributorId":61781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rand","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arnett, A. E.","contributorId":67465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnett","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McClay, A. S.","contributorId":8418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClay","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McEachern, A. K.","contributorId":29777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1008227,"text":"1008227 - 2005 - The accuracy of matrix population model projections for coniferous trees in the Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T21:17:04.127288","indexId":"1008227","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The accuracy of matrix population model projections for coniferous trees in the Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"<p><span dir=\"ltr\">1 </span><span dir=\"ltr\">We </span><span dir=\"ltr\">assess the use of simple, size-based matrix population models for projecting </span><span dir=\"ltr\">population trends for six coniferous tree species in the Sierra Nevada, California. We </span><span dir=\"ltr\">used demographic data from 16 673 trees in 15 permanent plots to create 17 separate </span><span dir=\"ltr\">time-invariant, density-independent population projection models, and determined </span><span dir=\"ltr\">differences between trends projected from initial surveys with a 5-year interval and </span><span dir=\"ltr\">observed data during two subsequent 5-year time steps.</span></p><p><span dir=\"ltr\">2 </span><span dir=\"ltr\">We </span><span dir=\"ltr\">detected departures from the assumptions of the matrix modelling approach in </span><span dir=\"ltr\">terms of strong growth autocorrelations. We also found evidence of observation errors </span><span dir=\"ltr\">f</span><span dir=\"ltr\">or measurements of tree growth and, to a more limited degree, recruitment. Log linear </span><span dir=\"ltr\">analysis provided evidence of significant temporal variation in demographic rates for </span><span dir=\"ltr\">only two of the 17 populations.</span></p><p><span dir=\"ltr\">3 </span><span dir=\"ltr\">T</span><span dir=\"ltr\">otal population sizes were strongly predicted by model projections, although </span><span dir=\"ltr\">population dynamics were dominated by carryover from the previous 5-year time</span><span dir=\"ltr\">step (i.e. there were few cases of recruitment or death). Fractional changes to overall </span><span dir=\"ltr\">population sizes were less well predicted. Compared with a null model and a simple </span><span dir=\"ltr\">demographic model lacking size structure, matrix model projections were better able to </span><span dir=\"ltr\">predict total population sizes, although the differences were not statistically significant. </span><span dir=\"ltr\">Matrix model projections were also able to predict short-term rates of survival, growth </span><span dir=\"ltr\">and recruitment. Mortality frequencies were not well predicted.</span></p><p><span dir=\"ltr\">4 </span><span dir=\"ltr\">Our results suggest that simple size-structured models can accurately project future </span><span dir=\"ltr\">short-term changes for some tree populations. However, not all populations were well </span><span dir=\"ltr\">predicted and these simple models would probably become more inaccurate over longer </span><span dir=\"ltr\">projection intervals. The predictive ability of these models would also be limited by </span><span dir=\"ltr\">disturbance or other events that destabilize demographic rates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01007.x","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., and Stephenson, N.L., 2005, The accuracy of matrix population model projections for coniferous trees in the Sierra Nevada, California: Journal of Ecology, v. 93, p. 737-747, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01007.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"747","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.00915527343749,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.93249511718749,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.93249511718749,\n              38.28131307922966\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00915527343749,\n              38.28131307922966\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00915527343749,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.14672851562499,\n              35.81335872633348\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.94921874999999,\n              35.81335872633348\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.94921874999999,\n              36.78289206199065\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.14672851562499,\n              36.78289206199065\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.14672851562499,\n              35.81335872633348\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c80e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422 pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":2838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip","email":"pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006467,"text":"70006467 - 2005 - Occurrence and growth characteristics of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and enterococci within the accumulated fluid of the northern pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea L.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T16:42:48.966157","indexId":"70006467","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1172,"text":"Canadian Journal of Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Occurrence and growth characteristics of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and enterococci within the accumulated fluid of the northern pitcher plant (<i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> L.)","title":"Occurrence and growth characteristics of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and enterococci within the accumulated fluid of the northern pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea L.)","docAbstract":"<p><i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> L., a carnivorous bog plant (also known as the pitcher plant), represents an excellent model of a well-defined, self-contained ecosystem; the individual pitchers of the plant serve as a microhabitat for a variety of micro- and macro-organisms. Previously, fecal indicator bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and enterococci) were shown as incidental contaminants in pitcher fluid; however, whether their occurrence in pitcher fluid is incidental or common has not been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence, distribution, and growth potential of E. coli and enterococci in pitcher plant fluid from a protected bog in northwest Indiana. <i>Escherichia coli</i> and enterococci were recovered in pitcher fluids (n = 43 plants), with mean densities (log CFU mL<sup>-1</sup>) of 1.28 &plusmn; 0.23 and 1.97 &plusmn; 0.27, respectively. In vitro experiments showed that E. <i>coli</i> growth in fluid not containing insects or indigenous organisms was directly proportional to the fluid concentration (growth was 10-fold in 24 h in 100% fluid); however, in the presence of other indigenous organisms, E. <i>col</i>i and enterococci were only sustained for 5 days at 26 &Acirc;&deg;C. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that the plant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> isolates were genetically distinct from the human isolates; identical PFGE patterns were observed among plant isolates that fell into one of six clonal groups. These findings suggest that (<i>i</i>) E. <i>coli</i> and enterococci occurrence in pitcher plants is rather common in the bog studied, although their originating source is unclear, and (<i>ii</i>) the pitcher fluid contains adequate nutrients, especially carbon and energy sources, to promote the growth of indicator bacteria; however, under natural conditions, the biotic factors (e.g., competition for nutrients) may restrict their growth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/w05-091","usgsCitation":"Whitman, R.L., Byers, S.E., Shively, D.A., Ferguson, D.M., and Byappanahalli, M., 2005, Occurrence and growth characteristics of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and enterococci within the accumulated fluid of the northern pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea L.): Canadian Journal of Microbiology, v. 51, no. 12, p. 1027-1037, https://doi.org/10.1139/w05-091.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1037","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50b49dbce4b0b3fb1a229178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":513571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byers, Stacey E.","contributorId":25835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, Dawn A. dshively@usgs.gov","contributorId":2051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"Dawn","email":"dshively@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":513572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferguson, Donna M.","contributorId":85060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. byappan@usgs.gov","contributorId":3324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara N.","email":"byappan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":513573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027589,"text":"70027589 - 2005 - Eco-informatics for decision makers advancing a research agenda","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:12:22","indexId":"70027589","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Eco-informatics for decision makers advancing a research agenda","docAbstract":"Resource managers often face significant information technology (IT) problems when integrating ecological or environmental information to make decisions. At a workshop sponsored by the NSF and USGS in December 2004, university researchers, natural resource managers, and information managers met to articulate IT problems facing ecology and environmental decision makers. Decision making IT problems were identified in five areas: 1) policy, 2) data presentation, 3) data gaps, 4) tools, and 5) indicators. To alleviate those problems, workshop participants recommended specific informatics research in modeling and simulation, data quality, information integration and ontologies, and social and human aspects. This paper reports the workshop findings, and briefly compares these with research that traditionally falls under the emerging eco-informatics rubric. ?? Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.","largerWorkTitle":"Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science)","conferenceTitle":"Second International Workshop on Data Integration in the Life Sciences, DILS 2005","conferenceDate":"20 July 2005 through 22 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","issn":"03029743","usgsCitation":"Cushing, J., Wilson, T., Brandt, L., Gregg, V., Spengler, S., Borning, A., Delcambre, L., Bowker, G., Frame, M., Fulop, J., Hert, C., Hovy, E., Jones, J., Landis, E., Schnase, J., Schweik, C., and Sonntag, W., 2005, Eco-informatics for decision makers advancing a research agenda, <i>in</i> Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science), v. 3615, San Diego, CA, 20 July 2005 through 22 July 2005, p. 325-334.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"334","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3615","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a053be4b0c8380cd50cf7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ludascher B.Raschid L.","contributorId":128418,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Ludascher B.Raschid L.","id":536624,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Cushing, J.B.","contributorId":52382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushing","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, T.","contributorId":49581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, L.","contributorId":24548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gregg, V.","contributorId":28421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spengler, S.","contributorId":93259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spengler","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Borning, A.","contributorId":88545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borning","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Delcambre, L.","contributorId":42011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delcambre","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bowker, G.","contributorId":107482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Frame, Mike 0000-0001-9995-2172 mike_frame@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-2172","contributorId":4541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frame","given":"Mike","email":"mike_frame@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Fulop, J.","contributorId":9836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulop","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hert, C.","contributorId":59227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hert","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hovy, E.","contributorId":104269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hovy","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Jones, J.","contributorId":102256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Landis, E.","contributorId":92846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Schnase, J.L.","contributorId":62184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnase","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Schweik, C.","contributorId":26126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweik","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sonntag, W.","contributorId":65272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonntag","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70197200,"text":"70197200 - 2005 - Porphyry copper deposit density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T16:52:55","indexId":"70197200","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Porphyry copper deposit density","docAbstract":"<p>Estimating numbers of undiscovered mineral deposits has been a source of unease among economic geologists yet is a fundamental task in considering future supplies of resources. Estimates can be based on frequencies of deposits per unit of permissive area in control areas around the world in the same way that grade and tonnage frequencies are models of sizes and qualities of undiscovered deposits. To prevent biased estimates it is critical that, for a particular deposit type, these deposit density models be internally consistent with descriptive and grade and tonnage models of the same type. In this analysis only deposits and prospects that are likely to be included in future grade and tonnage models are employed, and deposits that have mineralization or alteration separated by less than an arbitrary but consistent distance—2 km for porphyry copper deposits—are combined into one deposit. Only 286 deposits and prospects that have more than half of the deposit not covered by postmineral rocks, sediments, or ice were counted.</p><p>Nineteen control areas were selected and outlined along borders of hosting magmatic arc terranes based on three main features: (1) extensive exploration for porphyry copper deposits, (2) definable geologic settings of the porphyry copper deposits in island and continental volcanic-arc subduction-boundary zones, and (3) diversity of epochs of porphyry copper deposit formation.</p><p>Porphyry copper deposit densities vary from 2 to 128 deposits per 100,000 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of exposed permissive rock, and the density histogram is skewed to high values. Ninety percent of the control areas have densities of four or more deposits, 50 percent have densities of 15 or more deposits, and 10 percent have densities of 35 or more deposits per 100,000 km<sup>2</sup>. Deposit density is not related to age or depth of emplacement. Porphyry copper deposit density is inversely related to the exposed area of permissive rock. The linear regression line and confidence limits constructed with the 19 control areas can be used to estimate the number of undiscovered deposits, given the size of a permissive area. In an example of the use of the equations, we estimate a 90 percent chance of at least four, a 50 percent chance of at least 11, and a 10 percent chance of at least 34 undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in the exposed parts of the Andean belt of Antarctica, which has no known deposits in a permissive area of about 76,000 km<sup>2</sup>. Measures of densities of deposits presented here allow rather simple yet robust estimation of the number of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in exposed or covered permissive terranes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.100.3.491","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., Berger, V., Menzie, W.D., and Berger, B.R., 2005, Porphyry copper deposit density: Economic Geology, v. 100, no. 3, p. 491-514, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.100.3.491.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"514","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b157dade4b092d9651e2027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Vladimir vladimir@usgs.gov","contributorId":2795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Vladimir","email":"vladimir@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menzie, W. David","contributorId":15645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":735977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}