{"pageNumber":"1028","pageRowStart":"25675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70028665,"text":"70028665 - 2006 - Location and timing of river-aquifer exchanges in six tributaries to the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T15:16:22","indexId":"70028665","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Location and timing of river-aquifer exchanges in six tributaries to the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States","docAbstract":"<p>The flow of water between rivers and contiguous aquifers influences the quantity and quality of water resources, particularly in regions where precipitation and runoff are unevenly distributed through the year, such as the Columbia Basin (CB) in northwestern United States. Investigations of basin hydrogeology and gains and losses of streamflow for six rivers in the CB were reviewed to characterize general patterns in the timing and location of river-aquifer exchanges at a reach-scale (0.5-150 km) and to identify geologic and geomorphic features associated with the largest exchanges. Ground-water discharge to each river, or the gain in streamflow, was concentrated spatially: more than one-half of the total gains along each river segment were contributed from reaches that represented no more than 30% of the total segment length with the largest and most concentrated gains in rivers in volcanic terrains. Fluvial recharge of aquifers, or losses of streamflow, was largest in rivers in sedimentary basins where unconsolidated sediments form shallow aquifers. Three types of geologic or geomorphic features were associated with the largest exchanges: (1) changes in the thickness of unconsolidated aquifers; (2) contacts between lithologic units that represent contrasts in permeability; and (3) channel forms that increase the hydraulic gradient or cross-sectional area of flow paths between a river and shallow ground-water. The down-valley component of ground-water flow and its vertical convergence on or divergence from a riverbed account for large streamflow gains in some reaches and contrast with the common assumption of lateral ground-water discharge to a river that penetrates completely through the aquifer. Increased ground-water discharge was observed during high-flow periods in reaches of four rivers indicating that changes in ground-water levels can be more important than stage fluctuations in regulating the direction and magnitude of river-aquifer exchanges and that assumptions about ground-water discharge during high flow periods used for base-flow separation must be verified. Given the variety of geologic terrains in the CB, the spatial and temporal patterns of river-aquifer exchanges provide a framework for investigations in other regions that includes a focus on reaches where the largest exchanges are likely to occur, integration of ground-water and surface-water data, and verification of assumptions regarding ground-water flow direction and temporal variation of exchanges. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.028","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C., 2006, Location and timing of river-aquifer exchanges in six tributaries to the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 329, no. 3-4, p. 444-470, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.028.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"444","endPage":"470","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209736,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.028"}],"volume":"329","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a490be4b0c8380cd68305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, C.P.","contributorId":39027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028672,"text":"70028672 - 2006 - Prediction and discovery of new geothermal resources in the Great Basin: Multiple evidence of a large undiscovered resource base","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028672","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Prediction and discovery of new geothermal resources in the Great Basin: Multiple evidence of a large undiscovered resource base","docAbstract":"Geothermal potential maps by themselves cannot directly be used to estimate undiscovered resources. To address the undiscovered resource base in the Great Basin, a new and relatively quantitative methodology is presented. The methodology involves three steps, the first being the construction of a data-driven probabilistic model of the location of known geothermal systems using weights of evidence. The second step is the construction of a degree-of-exploration model. This degree-of-exploration model uses expert judgment in a fuzzy logic context to estimate how well each spot in the state has been explored, using as constraints digital maps of the depth to the water table, presence of the carbonate aquifer, and the location, depth, and type of drill-holes. Finally, the exploration model and the data-driven occurrence model are combined together quantitatively using area-weighted modifications to the weights-of-evidence equations. Using this methodology in the state of Nevada, the number of undiscovered geothermal systems with reservoir temperatures ???100??C is estimated at 157, which is 3.2 times greater than the 69 known systems. Currently, nine of the 69 known systems are producing electricity. If it is conservatively assumed that an additional nine for a total of 18 of the known systems will eventually produce electricity, then the model predicts 59 known and undiscovered geothermal systems are capable of producing electricity under current economic conditions in the state, a figure that is more than six times higher than the current number. Many additional geothermal systems could potentially become economic under improved economic conditions or with improved methods of reservoir stimulation (Enhanced Geothermal Systems).This large predicted geothermal resource base appears corroborated by recent grass-roots geothermal discoveries in the state of Nevada. At least two and possibly three newly recognized geothermal systems with estimated reservoir temperatures ???150??C have been identified on the Pyramid Lake Paiute Reservation in west-central Nevada. Evidence of three blind geothermal systems has recently been uncovered near the borate-bearing playas at Rhodes, Teels, and Columbus Marshes in southwestern Nevada. Recent gold exploration drilling has resulted in at least four new geothermal discoveries, including the McGinness Hills geothermal system with an estimated reservoir temperature of roughly 200??C. All of this evidence suggests that the potential for expansion of geothermal power production in Nevada is significant.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"GRC 2006 Annual Meeting: Geothermal Resources-Securing Our Energy Future","conferenceDate":"10 September 2006 through 13 September 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","issn":"01935933","isbn":"1604230010; 9781604230017","usgsCitation":"Coolbaugh, M., Raines, G.L., Zehner, R.E., Shevenell, L., and Williams, C., 2006, Prediction and discovery of new geothermal resources in the Great Basin: Multiple evidence of a large undiscovered resource base, <i>in</i> Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 30 II, San Diego, CA, 10 September 2006 through 13 September 2006, p. 867-873.","startPage":"867","endPage":"873","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30 II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81e6e4b0c8380cd7b7b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coolbaugh, M.F.","contributorId":55034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coolbaugh","given":"M.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raines, G. L.","contributorId":90720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"G.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zehner, R. E.","contributorId":67933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zehner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shevenell, L.","contributorId":55971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevenell","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, C.F. 0000-0003-2196-5496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":20401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028678,"text":"70028678 - 2006 - Modeling the influence of river rehabilitation scenarios on bed material sediment flux in a large river over decadal timescales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:23:18","indexId":"70028678","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the influence of river rehabilitation scenarios on bed material sediment flux in a large river over decadal timescales","docAbstract":"<p><span>A stochastic flood generator and calibrated sediment transport formulae were used to assess the decadal impact of major river rehabilitation strategies on two fraction bed material sediment flux and net storage, first‐order indicators of aquatic riverine habitat, in a large river system. Model boundary conditions were modified to reflect the implementation of three major river rehabilitation strategies being considered in the Sacramento River Valley: gravel augmentation, setting back of levees, and flow alteration. Fifty 30‐year model simulations were used to compute probabilities of the response in sediment flux and net storage to these strategies. Total annual average bed material sediment flux estimates were made at six gauged river cross sections, and ∼60 km reach‐scale sediment budgets were evaluated between them. Gravel augmentation to improve spawning habitat induced gravel accumulation locally and/or downstream, depending on the added mixture. Levee setbacks to recreate the river corridor reduced flow stages for most flows and hence lowered sediment flux. Flow alteration to mimic natural flow regimes systematically decreased total annual average flux, suggesting that high‐magnitude low‐frequency transport events do not affect long‐term trends in bed material flux. The results indicate that each rehabilitation strategy reduces sediment transport in its target reaches and modulates imbalances in total annual bed material sediment budgets at the reach scale. Additional risk analysis is necessary to identify extreme conditions associated with variable hydrology that could affect rehabilitation over decades. Sensitivity analysis suggests that sorting of bed material sediment is the most important determinant of modeled transport and storage patterns.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR004894","usgsCitation":"Singer, M.B., and Dunne, T., 2006, Modeling the influence of river rehabilitation scenarios on bed material sediment flux in a large river over decadal timescales: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 12, Article W12415; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR004894.","productDescription":"Article W12415; 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477355,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr004894","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c48e4b0c8380cd6fb7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Michael B.","contributorId":168369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":25268,"text":"University of St Andrews, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, Thomas","contributorId":146518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunne","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028679,"text":"70028679 - 2006 - Wetland and microhabitat use by nesting four-toed salamanders in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028679","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland and microhabitat use by nesting four-toed salamanders in Maine","docAbstract":"Little is known of Four-Toed Salamander (Hemidactylium scutatum) habitat use, despite the species' extensive range and elevated conservation status. We investigated species-habitat relationships that predict H. scutatum nesting presence in Maine at wetland and microhabitat scales by comparing microhabitats with and without nests. We created logistic regression models, selected models with AIC, and evaluated models with reserve data. Wetlands with nests were best predicted by shoreline microhabitat of Sphagnum spp., wood substrate, water flow, blue-joint reed grass (Calamagrostis canadensis), meadowsweet (Spiraea alba), steeplebush (Spiraea tomentosa), sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis), and absence of sheep laurel (Kalmia angustifolia) or deciduous forest canopy. Within occupied wetlands, shoreline microhabitat where nests occurred was best distinguished from available, unoccupied shoreline microhabitat by steeper shore, greater near-shore and basin water depth, deeper nesting vegetation, presence of moss spp. and winterberry (Ilex verticillata), and a negative association with S. alba, leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), and K. angustifolia. These models of wetland and microhabitat use by H. scutatum may assist ecologists and managers in detecting and conserving this species. Copyright 2006 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[478:WAMUBN]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Chalmers, R., and Loftin, C., 2006, Wetland and microhabitat use by nesting four-toed salamanders in Maine: Journal of Herpetology, v. 40, no. 4, p. 478-485, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[478:WAMUBN]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"478","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209897,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[478:WAMUBN]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd013e4b08c986b32ec74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chalmers, R.J.","contributorId":10894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, C.S.","contributorId":92771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028680,"text":"70028680 - 2006 - Food habits of Juvenile American Shad and dynamics of zooplankton in the lower Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T16:49:23","indexId":"70028680","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food habits of Juvenile American Shad and dynamics of zooplankton in the lower Columbia River","docAbstract":"<p>As many as 2.4 million adult American shad annually pass John Day Dam, Columbia River to spawn upriver, yet food web interactions of juvenile shad rearing in John Day Reservoir are unexplored. We collected zooplankton and conducted mid-water trawls in McNary (June-July) and John Day reservoirs (August-November) from 1994 through 1996 during the outmigration of subyearling American shad and Chinook salmon. Juvenile American shad were abundant and represented over 98% of the trawl catch in late summer. The five major taxa collected in zooplankton tows were Bosmina longirostris, Daphnia, cyclopoid cope-pods, rotifers, and calanoid copepods. We evaluated total crustacean zooplankton abundance and Daphnia biomass in relation to water temperature, flow, depth, diel period, and cross-sectional location using multiple regression. Differences in zooplankton abundance were largely due to differences in water temperature and flow. Spatial variation in total zooplankton abundance was observed in McNary Reservoir, but not in John Day Reservoir. Juvenile American shad generally fed on numerically abundant prey, despite being less preferred than larger bodied zooplankton. A decrease in cladoceran abundance and size in August coupled with large percentages of Daphnia in juvenile American shad stomachs indicated heavy planktivory. Smaller juvenile American shad primarily fed on Daphnia in August, but switched to more evasive copepods as the mean size of fish increased and Daphnia abundance declined. Because Daphnia are particularly important prey items for subyearling Chinook salmon in mainstem reservoirs in mid to late summer, alterations in the cladoceran food base is of concern for the management of outmigrating salmonids and other Columbia River fishes. ?? 2006 by the Northwest Scientific Association. All rights reserved.</p>","language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Haskell, C.A., Tiffan, K., and Rondorf, D., 2006, Food habits of Juvenile American Shad and dynamics of zooplankton in the lower Columbia River: Northwest Science, v. 80, no. 1, p. 47-64.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"John Day reservoir, McNary reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.04029846191405,\n              46.18553528880526\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.99978637695312,\n              46.19694327530828\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.92288208007812,\n              46.15319980124842\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.90296936035158,\n              46.069896058164055\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.96202087402342,\n              46.002208482091724\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.99772644042969,\n              46.01842291576195\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.97918701171874,\n              46.09751924866049\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.014892578125,\n              46.140355438132914\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.04579162597656,\n              46.17935497410555\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.04029846191405,\n              46.18553528880526\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.83827972412108,\n              45.683637738627986\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.93681335449219,\n              45.663246602170034\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.94505310058595,\n              45.649808381806956\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.91964721679688,\n              45.62892474973852\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.83415985107422,\n              45.66972459187524\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.83827972412108,\n              45.683637738627986\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12bce4b0c8380cd543fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haskell, C. A.","contributorId":94082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028681,"text":"70028681 - 2006 - Composition of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028681","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS","docAbstract":"Titan's bulk density along with Solar System formation models indicates considerable water as well as silicates as its major constituents. This satellite's dense atmosphere of nitrogen with methane is unique. Deposits or even oceans of organic compounds have been suggested to exist on Titan's solid surface due to UV-induced photochemistry in the atmosphere. Thus, the composition of the surface is a major piece of evidence needed to determine Titan's history. However, studies of the surface are hindered by the thick, absorbing, hazy and in some places cloudy atmosphere. Ground-based telescope investigations of the integral disk of Titan attempted to observe the surface albedo in spectral windows between methane absorptions by calculating and removing the haze effects. Their results were reported to be consistent with water ice on the surface that is contaminated with a small amount of dark material, perhaps organic material like tholin. We analyze here the recent Cassini Mission's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) observations that resolve regions on Titan. VIMS is able to see surface features and shows that there are spectral and therefore likely compositional units. By several methods, spectral albedo estimates within methane absorption windows between 0.75 and 5 ??m were obtained for different surface units using VIMS image cubes from the Cassini-Huygens Titan Ta encounter. Of the spots studied, there appears to be two compositional classes present that are associated with the lower albedo and the higher albedo materials, with some variety among the brighter regions. These were compared with spectra of several different candidate materials. Our results show that the spectrum of water ice contaminated with a darker material matches the reflectance of the lower albedo Titan regions if the spectral slope from 2.71 to 2.79 ??m in the poorly understood 2.8-??m methane window is ignored. The spectra for brighter regions are not matched by the spectrum of water ice or unoxidized tholin, in pure form or in mixtures with sufficient ice or tholin present to allow the water ice or tholin spectral features to be discerned. We find that the 2.8-??m methane absorption window is complex and seems to consist of two weak subwindows at 2.7 and 2.8 ??m that have unknown opacities. A ratio image at these two wavelengths reveals an anomalous region on Titan that has a reflectance unlike any material so far identified, but it is unclear how much the reflectances in these two subwindows pertain to the surface. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.007","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"McCord, T.B., Hansen, G.B., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Cruikshank, D.P., D’Aversa, E., Griffith, C., Baines, E., Brown, R.H., Dalle, O., Filacchione, G., Formisano, V., Hibbitts, C.A., Jaumann, R., Lunine, J., Nelson, R., and Sotin, C., 2006, Composition of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS: Planetary and Space Science, v. 54, no. 15, p. 1524-1539, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.007.","startPage":"1524","endPage":"1539","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209923,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.007"}],"volume":"54","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f925e4b0c8380cd4d46d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, G. B.","contributorId":98478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"D’Aversa, E.","contributorId":31949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Aversa","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Griffith, C.A.","contributorId":10141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baines, E.K.H.","contributorId":15476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baines","given":"E.K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dalle, Ore","contributorId":105136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalle","given":"Ore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hibbitts, C. A.","contributorId":21703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lunine, J. I.","contributorId":51899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lunine","given":"J. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70028694,"text":"70028694 - 2006 - Examination of the watershed-wide distribution of Escherichia coli along southern Lake Michigan: An integrated approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T11:53:20","indexId":"70028694","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examination of the watershed-wide distribution of Escherichia coli along southern Lake Michigan: An integrated approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent research has highlighted the occurrence of&nbsp;</span><i>Escherichia coli</i><span>&nbsp;in natural habitats not directly influenced by sewage inputs. Most studies on&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;in recreational water typically focus on discernible sources (e.g., effluent discharge and runoff) and fall short of integrating riparian, nearshore, onshore, and outfall sources. An integrated &ldquo;beachshed&rdquo; approach that links&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;inputs and interactions would be helpful to understand the difference between background loading and sewage pollution; to develop more accurate predictive models; and to understand the differences between potential, net, and apparent culturable&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>. The objective of this study was to examine the interrelatedness of&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>occurrence from various coastal watershed components along southern Lake Michigan. The study shows that once established in forest soil,&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;can persist throughout the year, potentially acting as a continuous non-point source of&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>to nearby streams. Year-round background stream loading of&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;can influence beach water quality.&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;is present in highly variable counts in beach sand to depths just below the water table and to distances at least 5 m inland from the shore, providing a large potential area of input to beach water. In summary,&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>in the fluvial-lacustrine system may be stored in forest soils, sediments surrounding springs, bank seeps, stream margins and pools, foreshore sand, and surface groundwater. While rainfall events may increase&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;counts in the foreshore sand and lake water, concentrations quickly decline to prerain concentrations. Onshore winds cause an increase in&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;in shallow nearshore water, likely resulting from resuspension of&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>-laden beach sand. When examining indicator bacteria source, flux, and context, the entire &ldquo;beachshed&rdquo; as a dynamic interacting system should be considered.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.00454-06","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Whitman, R., Nevers, M., and Byappanahalli, M., 2006, Examination of the watershed-wide distribution of Escherichia coli along southern Lake Michigan: An integrated approach: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 72, no. 11, p. 7301-7310, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00454-06.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7301","endPage":"7310","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477530,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1636137","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209636,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00454-06"}],"volume":"72","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d99e4b0c8380cd530dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byappanahalli, M.N.","contributorId":11384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028696,"text":"70028696 - 2006 - Lake sturgeon spawning on artificial habitat in the St Lawrence River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:07:49","indexId":"70028696","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake sturgeon spawning on artificial habitat in the St Lawrence River","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1996, lake sturgeon (</span><i>Acipenser fulvescens</i><span>) spawning was documented for the third consecutive year on an artificially placed gravel bed in the St Lawrence River. Two distinct spawning periods were observed in 1996. Spawning initially commenced on 17 June, when water temperature reached 15&deg;C. A second spawning event was documented from 28 June to 1 July (16&deg;C). Sturgeon egg densities were monitored in three transects on egg trays, on the gravel surface, and within interstitial spaces in the gravel. Counts of developing eggs in the gravel bed during both spawning periods were used to estimate a total of 275&nbsp;000 eggs on the study area (0.075&nbsp;ha). Average egg density was highest in the transect with the highest water velocities. Lake sturgeon fry were first observed in the gravel on 24 June (15.5&deg;C), and first emergence from the gravel was documented on 28 June. Hatching following the second spawning event commenced on 3 July. Based on assessment of average embryo viability (61.6%) and egg-to-emergent fry survival (17.6%) an estimate of about 171&nbsp;000 sturgeon eggs hatched, producing over 49&nbsp;000 emergent fry. Current velocity, substrate particle size, depth of substrate, and maintenance of sediment-free interstitial spaces are important considerations in planning future spawning habitat enhancement projects.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00812.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., LaPan, S.R., Klindt, R., and Schiavone, A., 2006, Lake sturgeon spawning on artificial habitat in the St Lawrence River: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 22, no. 6, p. 465-470, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00812.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"470","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209664,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00812.x"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4162e4b0c8380cd654ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPan, S. R.","contributorId":87711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaPan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klindt, R.M.","contributorId":61978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klindt","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schiavone, A.","contributorId":60829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiavone","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028697,"text":"70028697 - 2006 - Characterization of seepage in the exploratory studies facility, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028697","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Characterization of seepage in the exploratory studies facility, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Following a 5-month period of above-average precipitation during the winter of 2004-2005, water was observed seeping into the South Ramp section of the Exploratory Studies Facility of the proposed repository for high-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Samples of the seepage were collected and analyzed for major ions, trace metals, and delta deuterium and delta oxygen-18 values in an effort to characterize the water and assess the interaction of seepage with anthropogenic materials used in the construction of the proposed repository. As demonstrated by the changes in the chemistry of water dripping from a rock bolt, interaction of seepage with construction materials can alter solution chemistry and oxidation state.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM","conferenceTitle":"11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0894486918; 9780894486913","usgsCitation":"Oliver, T., and Whelan, J.F., 2006, Characterization of seepage in the exploratory studies facility, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM, v. 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006, p. 286-292.","startPage":"286","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d9e4b0c8380cd4bf6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oliver, T.A.","contributorId":95500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028698,"text":"70028698 - 2006 - Different time and energy budgets of Lesser Snow Geese in rice-prairies and coastal marshes in southwest Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028698","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Different time and energy budgets of Lesser Snow Geese in rice-prairies and coastal marshes in southwest Louisiana","docAbstract":"Many bird species use human-made habitats and an important issue is whether these are equally suitable foraging habitats as are historical, natural habitats. Historically, Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens, hereafter Snow Geese) wintered in coastal marshes in Louisiana but began using rice-prairies within the last 60 years. Time spent feeding was used as an indicator of habitat suitability and time and energy budgets of Snow Geese were compared between rice-prairies and coastal marshes in southwest Louisiana. Composite diets of Snow Geese have a lower energy density in the rice-prairies than in coastal marshes; thus, we predicted that Snow Geese would spend relatively more time feeding in rice-praires to obtain existence energy. However, time spent feeding was higher in coastal marshes and thus, not proportional to energy density of composite diets. Snow Geese in coastal marshes ingested less apparent metabolizable energy than did Snow Geese in rice-prairies. In rice-prairies, juveniles spent more time feeding than did adults; however, time spent feeding was similar between age classes in coastal marshes. Undeveloped foraging skills probably cause juvenile Snow Geese to forage less efficiently in coastal marshes than in rice-prairies. These findings are consistent with recent trends in Snow Goose numbers, which increased in rice-prairies but remained stable in coastal marshes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[451:DTAEBO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Jonsson, J., and Afton, A., 2006, Different time and energy budgets of Lesser Snow Geese in rice-prairies and coastal marshes in southwest Louisiana: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 4, p. 451-458, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[451:DTAEBO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"451","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209693,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[451:DTAEBO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00f4e4b0c8380cd4f9ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonsson, J.E.","contributorId":61623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonsson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028700,"text":"70028700 - 2006 - Sedimentary textures formed by aqueous processes, Erebus crater Meridiani Planum, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T09:10:18","indexId":"70028700","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary textures formed by aqueous processes, Erebus crater Meridiani Planum, Mars","docAbstract":"<p>New observations at Erebus crater (Olympia outcrop) by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity between sols 671 and 735 (a sol is a martian day) indicate that a diverse suite of primary and penecontemporaneous sedimentary structures is preserved in sulfate-rich bedrock. Centimeter-scale trough (festoon) cross-lamination is abundant, and is better expressed and thicker than previously described examples. Postdepositional shrinkage cracks in the same outcrop are interpreted to have formed in response to desiccation. Considered collectively, this suite of sedimentary structures provides strong support for the involvement of liquid water during accumulation of sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G22985A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Grotzinger, J., Bell, J., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J., Knoll, A., McCartney, E., McLennan, S., Metz, J., Moore, J., Squyres, S., Sullivan, R., Ahronson, O., Arvidson, R., Joliff, B., Golombek, M., Lewis, K., Parker, T., and Soderblom, J., 2006, Sedimentary textures formed by aqueous processes, Erebus crater Meridiani Planum, Mars: Geology, v. 34, no. 12, p. 1085-1088, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22985A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1085","endPage":"1088","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Erebus crater; Mars; Meridiani Planum","volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a41e4b08c986b3170ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grotzinger, J.","contributorId":73384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, J.","contributorId":95270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, J.","contributorId":31719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knoll, A.","contributorId":65635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoll","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCartney, E.","contributorId":10585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCartney","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McLennan, S.","contributorId":105491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennan","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Metz, J.","contributorId":59942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moore, Jeff","contributorId":49059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Squyres, S.","contributorId":74490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sullivan, R.","contributorId":63134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ahronson, O.","contributorId":58907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahronson","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Arvidson, R.","contributorId":65971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Joliff, B.","contributorId":12336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joliff","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Golombek, M.","contributorId":72506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Lewis, K.","contributorId":74861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Parker, T.","contributorId":90901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Soderblom, J.","contributorId":52699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70028702,"text":"70028702 - 2006 - Effects of live-well conditions on mortality and largemouth bass virus prevalence in largemouth bass caught during summer tournaments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028702","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of live-well conditions on mortality and largemouth bass virus prevalence in largemouth bass caught during summer tournaments","docAbstract":"We evaluated the effect of improved live-well conditions and the interaction of tournament stress and largemouth bass virus (LMBV) on tournament-associated mortality of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides caught during 12 summer tournaments. Improvements in live-well conditions (reduction in water temperature by 2-5??C; addition of NaCl; continuous aeration) significantly reduced initial mortality of largemouth bass from 7% to 3% (F 1,11 = 10.29, P < 0.01). However, postrelease mortality of fish held for 5 d in net-pens or raceways was not reduced by the improved live-well conditions and averaged 76% for all tournament fish (F1,11 = 0.09, P = 0.77). The percentage of angler-caught fish infected with LMBV at the end of tournaments (14%) was significantly higher (P = 0.05) than the percentage infected in the general population (7%). The percentage of LMBV-infected fish increased during the post-tournament retention period to 64% for fish from live wells with improved conditions and 70% for fish from control live wells. Reference fish collected by electrofishing and held with tournament fish for 5 d also had high mortality (59%) and LMBV prevalence (47%), but these variables were significantly lower than those for tournament fish (mortality: F 2,30 = 3.63, P = 0.04; prevalence [Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test]: P < 0.01). Many of the fish also had bacterial diseases during the post-tournament period, so the effect of LMBV on postrelease mortality could not be determined. However, the higher postrelease mortality of tournament and reference fish in our study relative to that observed in previous tournaments on lakes presumed free of LMBV suggests that this newly discovered pathogen influences measurement of post-tournament mortality. Increases in LMBV prevalence after typical fishing tournaments without prolonged post-tournament fish confinement will probably be lower than those we observed, but further research on the effects of LMBV on fish released from tournaments is warranted. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M04-210.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Schramm, H., Walters, A., Grizzle, J., Beck, B., Hanson, L.A., and Rees, S., 2006, Effects of live-well conditions on mortality and largemouth bass virus prevalence in largemouth bass caught during summer tournaments: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 4, p. 812-825, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-210.1.","startPage":"812","endPage":"825","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209738,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M04-210.1"},{"id":236435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0747e4b0c8380cd51619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schramm, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":103823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, A.R.","contributorId":22953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grizzle, J.M.","contributorId":57016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grizzle","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beck, B.H.","contributorId":30423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanson, L. A.","contributorId":21111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"L.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rees, S.B.","contributorId":83322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028703,"text":"70028703 - 2006 - Shear velocity estimates on the inner shelf off Grays Harbor, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-27T10:52:35","indexId":"70028703","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear velocity estimates on the inner shelf off Grays Harbor, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Shear velocity was estimated from current measurements near the bottom off Grays Harbor, Washington between May 4 and June 6, 2001 under mostly wave-dominated conditions. A downward-looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler (PCADP) and two acoustic-Doppler velocimeters (field version; ADVFs) were deployed on a tripod at 9-m water depth. Measurements from these instruments were used to estimate shear velocity with (1) a modified eddy-correlation (EC) technique, (2) the log-profile (LP) method, and (3) a dissipation-rate method. Although values produced by the three methods agreed reasonably well (within their broad ranges of uncertainty), there were important systematic differences. Estimates from the EC method were generally lowest, followed by those from the inertial-dissipation method. The LP method produced the highest values and the greatest scatter. We show that these results are consistent with boundary-layer theory when sediment-induced stratification is present. The EC method provides the most fundamental estimate of kinematic stress near the bottom, and stratification causes the LP method to overestimate bottom stress. These results remind us that the methods are not equivalent and that comparison among sites and with models should be made carefully. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.025","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., Lacy, J., and Voulgaris, G., 2006, Shear velocity estimates on the inner shelf off Grays Harbor, Washington, USA: Continental Shelf Research, v. 26, no. 17-18, p. 1995-2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.025.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1995","endPage":"2018","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Grays Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.5,\n              46.33\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5,\n              46.33\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5,\n              46.33\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"17-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e57e4b08c986b31889f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, J.R.","contributorId":68508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voulgaris, G.","contributorId":73701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voulgaris","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028704,"text":"70028704 - 2006 - Breeding ecology and nesting habitat associations of five marsh bird species in western New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028704","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding ecology and nesting habitat associations of five marsh bird species in western New York","docAbstract":"Nesting habitats and nest success of five species of marsh birds were studied during 1997 and 1998 at the Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and the adjacent Oak Orchard and Tonawanda State Wildlife Management Areas (WMA) located in western New York. Nest searches located 18 American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), 117 Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis), 189 Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), 23 Sora (Porzana carolina), and 72 Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) nests. Average nest densities in 1998, our best nest searching year, ranged from 0.01/ha for Soras (N = 8) to 0.28/ha for Pied-billed Grebes (N = 160). Mayfield nest success estimates for Least Bittern were 80% (N = 16) in 1997 and 46% (N = 37) in 1998. Nest success estimates were 72% (N = 55) for Pied-billed Grebe, 43% (N = 6) for Sora, and 38% (N = 20) for Virginia Rail. Nests of all five species were located in ???70% emergent vegetation with a mean water depth of 24-56 cm and an average vegetation height that ranged from 69-133 cm. Logistic regression models were developed for each species using habitat variables at nest and random site locations. Each model was ranked with Akaike's Information Criterion for small sample size (AICc). In general, our best models indicated that increased emergent vegetation and horizontal cover with shallow water depths improved the odds of encountering marsh bird nests in the wetlands of western New York. We suggest that managing wetlands as a complex, at different stages of succession, would best benefit marsh bird species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[427:BEANHA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Lor, S., and Malecki, R., 2006, Breeding ecology and nesting habitat associations of five marsh bird species in western New York: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 4, p. 427-436, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[427:BEANHA]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"427","endPage":"436","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209765,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[427:BEANHA]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f26ce4b0c8380cd4b17e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lor, S.","contributorId":49495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lor","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malecki, R.A.","contributorId":70498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malecki","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028708,"text":"70028708 - 2006 - Determination of coalbed methane potential and gas adsorption capacity in Western Kentucky coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028708","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Determination of coalbed methane potential and gas adsorption capacity in Western Kentucky coals","docAbstract":"The Illinois Basin has not been developed for Coalbed Methane (CBM) production. It is imperative to determine both gas content and other parameters for the Kentucky portion of the Illinois Basin if exploration is to progress and production is to occur in this area. This research is part of a larger project being conducted by the Kentucky Geological Survey to evaluate the CBM production of Pennsylvanian-age western Kentucky coals in Ohio, Webster, and Union counties using methane adsorption isotherms, direct gas desorption measurements, and chemical analyses of coal and gas. This research will investigate relationships between CBM potential and petrographic, surface area, pore size, and gas adsorption isotherm analyses of the coals. Maceral and reflectance analyses are being conducted at the Center for Applied Energy Research. At the Indiana Geological Survey, the surface area and pore size of the coals will be analyzed using a Micrometrics ASAP 2020, and the CO2 isotherm analyses will be conducted using a volumetric adsorption apparatus in a water temperature bath. The aforementioned analyses will be used to determine site specific correlations for the Kentucky part of the Illinois Basin. The data collected will be compared with previous work in the Illinois Basin and will be correlated with data and structural features in the basin. Gas composition and carbon and hydrogen isotopic data suggest mostly thermogenic origin of coalbed gas in coals from Webster and Union Counties, Kentucky, in contrast to the dominantly biogenic character of coalbed gas in Ohio County, Kentucky.","largerWorkTitle":"23rd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, PCC - Coal-Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development","conferenceTitle":"23rd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, PCC - Coal-Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development","conferenceDate":"25 September 2006 through 28 September 2006","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA","language":"English","isbn":"1890977233; 9781890977238","usgsCitation":"Mardon, S., Takacs, K., Hower, J., Eble, C., and Mastalerz, M., 2006, Determination of coalbed methane potential and gas adsorption capacity in Western Kentucky coals, <i>in</i> 23rd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, PCC - Coal-Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, Pittsburgh, PA, 25 September 2006 through 28 September 2006.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff9ee4b0c8380cd4f2b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mardon, S.M.","contributorId":12662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mardon","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takacs, K.G.","contributorId":50708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takacs","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028713,"text":"70028713 - 2006 - USGS directions in MODFLOW development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028713","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS directions in MODFLOW development","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00260.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., and Harbaugh, A., 2006, USGS directions in MODFLOW development, <i>in</i> Ground Water, v. 44, no. 6, p. 771-774, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00260.x.","startPage":"771","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209846,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00260.x"},{"id":236578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbc7e4b08c986b32881b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, P. M.","contributorId":63022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harbaugh, A.W.","contributorId":15208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028720,"text":"70028720 - 2006 - Survival of largemouth bass from populations infected with largemouth bass virus and subjected to simulated tournament conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028720","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of largemouth bass from populations infected with largemouth bass virus and subjected to simulated tournament conditions","docAbstract":"Mortality was measured for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in simulated tournaments conducted at 26??C to determine whether an easily accomplished live-well management protocol reduced mortality. Treatment fish, which received the live-well management protocol, were held for 8 h in live wells at 23??C with water containing more than 5 mg of dissolved oxygen/L and 0.3% salt (NaCl). Control fish, were confined for 8 h in live wells at 26??C (ambient temperature) with dissolved oxygen fluctuating from 3 to 5 mg/L and no salt, which simulated the live-well management practices used by largemouth bass tournament anglers. Mortality after live-well confinement was 0% for both treatment and control fish, and mortality during the first 24 h after the simulated tournaments was 2.5%. Mortality of fish observed for up to 5 d after the simulated tournaments was high for treatment fish (mean = 75%; SE = 16%) and control fish (mean = 85%; SE = 11%), and we conclude that the treatment conditions did not reduce postrelease mortality. We suggest that the unusually high posttournament mortality was related to largemouth bass virus infections. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M04-211.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Schramm, H., and Davis, J., 2006, Survival of largemouth bass from populations infected with largemouth bass virus and subjected to simulated tournament conditions: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 4, p. 826-832, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-211.1.","startPage":"826","endPage":"832","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209924,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M04-211.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2d4e4b08c986b31f9be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schramm, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":103823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.G.","contributorId":9447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028727,"text":"70028727 - 2006 - The rocks of Gusev Crater as viewed by the Mini-TES instrument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028727","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rocks of Gusev Crater as viewed by the Mini-TES instrument","docAbstract":"The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on board the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit is part of a payload designed to investigate whether a lake once existed in Gusev Crater. Mini-TES has observed hundreds of rocks along the rover's traverse into the Columbia Hills, yielding information on their distribution, bulk mineralogy, and the potential role of water at the site. Although dust in various forms produces contributions to the spectra, we have established techniques for dealing with it. All of the rocks encountered on the plains traverse from the lander to the base of the Columbia Hills share common spectral features consistent with an olivine-rich basaltic rock known as Adirondack Class. Beginning at the base of the West Spur of the Columbia Hills and across its length, the rocks are spectrally distinct from the plains but can be grouped into a common type called Clovis Class. These rocks, some of which appear as in-place outcrop, are dominated by a component whose spectral character is consistent with unaltered basaltic glass despite evidence from other rover instruments for significant alteration. The northwest flank of Husband Hill is covered in float rocks known as Wishstone Class with spectral features that can be attributed uniquely to plagioclase feldspar, a phase that represents more than half of the bulk mineralogy. Rare exceptions are three classes of basaltic \"exotics\" found scattered across Husband Hill that may represent impact ejecta and/or float derived from local intrusions within the hills. The rare outcrops observed on Husband Hill display distinctive spectral characteristics. The outcrop called Peace shows a feature attributable to molecular bound water, and the outcrop that hosts the rock called Watchtower displays a dominant basaltic glass component. Despite evidence from the rover's payload for significant alteration of some of the rocks, no unambiguous detection of crystalline phyllosilicates or other secondary silicates has been observed by Mini-TES. The mineralogical results supplied by Mini-TES provide no clear evidence that a lake once existed in Gusev Crater. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JE002747","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ruff, S.W., Christensen, P.R., Blaney, D., Farrand, W.H., Johnson, J.R., Michalski, J., Moersch, J., Wright, S., and Squyres, S.W., 2006, The rocks of Gusev Crater as viewed by the Mini-TES instrument: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JE002747.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477471,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006je002747","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JE002747"},{"id":236260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf48e4b08c986b3246a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruff, S. W.","contributorId":63136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blaney, D.L.","contributorId":43477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaney","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michalski, J.R.","contributorId":46202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michalski","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moersch, J.E.","contributorId":75309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moersch","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wright, S.P.","contributorId":14622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70028730,"text":"70028730 - 2006 - Foreword: Understanding through modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028730","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Foreword: Understanding through modeling","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00270.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Zheng, C., Poeter, E., Hill, M., and Doherty, J., 2006, Foreword: Understanding through modeling, <i>in</i> Ground Water, v. 44, no. 6, p. 769-770, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00270.x.","startPage":"769","endPage":"770","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477531,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00270.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209637,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00270.x"},{"id":236300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1342e4b0c8380cd545a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zheng, C.","contributorId":39976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, E.","contributorId":48708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, M.","contributorId":12635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doherty, J.","contributorId":98425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028737,"text":"70028737 - 2006 - Predicted changes in subyearling fall Chinook salmon rearing and migratory habitat under two drawdown scenarios for John Day Reservoir, Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T16:13:16","indexId":"70028737","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicted changes in subyearling fall Chinook salmon rearing and migratory habitat under two drawdown scenarios for John Day Reservoir, Columbia River","docAbstract":"<p>We evaluated the potential effects of two different drawdown scenarios on rearing and migration habitat of subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in John Day Reservoir on the Columbia River. We compared habitats at normal operating pool elevation with habitats at drawdown to spillway crest elevation and drawdown to the historical natural river elevation for two flows (4,417 and 8,495 m3/s). Using two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling and a predictive habitat model, we determined the quantity and spatial distribution of rearing habitat and predicted water velocities. We predicted that the most habitat area would occur under normal pool elevation, but 93% of habitat was located in the upper third of the reservoir. Although less habitat area was predicted under drawdown to the spillway crest and the natural river, it was distributed more homogeneously throughout the study area. Habitat connectivity, patch size, and percent of suitable shoreline were greatest under drawdown to the natural river elevation. Mean cross-sectional water velocity and the variation in velocity increased with increasing level of reservoir drawdown. Water velocities under drawdown to the natural river were about twice as high as those under drawdown to spillway crest and five times higher than those under normal pool. The variability in water velocity, which may provide cues to fish migration, was highest under drawdown to the natural river and lowest under normal pool elevation. The extent to which different drawdown scenarios would be effective in John Day Reservoir depends in part on restoring normative riverine processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M06-018.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., Garland, R., and Rondorf, D., 2006, Predicted changes in subyearling fall Chinook salmon rearing and migratory habitat under two drawdown scenarios for John Day Reservoir, Columbia River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 4, p. 894-907, https://doi.org/10.1577/M06-018.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"894","endPage":"907","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487580,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2506883","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209711,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M06-018.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"John Day Dam and McNary Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.49093627929689,\n              45.72631510756141\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5087890625,\n              45.71001523943372\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47033691406249,\n              45.691792112909965\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.38931274414062,\n              45.67260345778067\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.34811401367186,\n              45.68603620740324\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.23825073242186,\n              45.66108710567762\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.20803833007811,\n              45.60635207711834\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.12564086914062,\n              45.59482210127054\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06796264648436,\n              45.63516665067313\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89492797851561,\n              45.630365250117606\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.80978393554688,\n              45.663006662228675\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.83038330078125,\n              45.68891423419542\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.88256835937499,\n              45.66684557788979\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.97595214843749,\n              45.663006662228675\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.07070922851564,\n              45.670684230297006\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.13525390625,\n              45.63132556313632\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.17233276367188,\n              45.63324613981234\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.23138427734375,\n              45.68891423419542\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.30828857421875,\n              45.70809729528788\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.40029907226562,\n              45.719603972998634\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47033691406249,\n              45.719603972998634\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.49093627929689,\n              45.72631510756141\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a818de4b0c8380cd7b5b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garland, R.D.","contributorId":60806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garland","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028738,"text":"70028738 - 2006 - Parameterization and simulation of near bed orbital velocities under irregular waves in shallow water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-23T15:38:18","indexId":"70028738","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parameterization and simulation of near bed orbital velocities under irregular waves in shallow water","docAbstract":"A set of empirical formulations is derived that describe important wave properties in shallow water as functions of commonly used parameters such as wave height, wave period, local water depth and local bed slope. These wave properties include time varying near-bed orbital velocities and statistical properties such as the distribution of wave height and wave period. Empirical expressions of characteristic wave parameters are derived on the basis of extensive analysis of field data using recently developed evolutionary algorithms. The field data covered a wide range of wave conditions, though there were few conditions with wave periods greater than 15 s. Comparison with field measurements showed good agreement both on a time scale of a single wave period as well as time averaged velocity moments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2006.06.002","issn":"03783839","usgsCitation":"Elfrink, B., Hanes, D., and Ruessink, B., 2006, Parameterization and simulation of near bed orbital velocities under irregular waves in shallow water: Coastal Engineering, v. 53, no. 11, p. 915-927, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2006.06.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"915","endPage":"927","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209712,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2006.06.002"}],"volume":"53","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74d0e4b0c8380cd77848","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elfrink, B.","contributorId":98186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elfrink","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanes, D.M.","contributorId":22479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruessink, B.G.","contributorId":38029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruessink","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028740,"text":"70028740 - 2006 - Response of microbial community composition and function to soil climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028740","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of microbial community composition and function to soil climate change","docAbstract":"Soil microbial communities mediate critical ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycles. How microbial communities will respond to changes in vegetation and climate, however, are not well understood. We reciprocally transplanted soil cores from under oak canopies and adjacent open grasslands in a California oak-grassland ecosystem to determine how microbial communities respond to changes in the soil environment and the potential consequences for the cycling of carbon. Every 3 months for up to 2 years, we monitored microbial community composition using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA), microbial biomass, respiration rates, microbial enzyme activities, and the activity of microbial groups by quantifying 13C uptake from a universal substrate (pyruvate) into PLFA biomarkers. Soil in the open grassland experienced higher maximum temperatures and lower soil water content than soil under the oak canopies. Soil microbial communities in soil under oak canopies were more sensitive to environmental change than those in adjacent soil from the open grassland. Oak canopy soil communities changed rapidly when cores were transplanted into the open grassland soil environment, but grassland soil communities did not change when transplanted into the oak canopy environment. Similarly, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and microbial respiration decreased when microbial communities were transplanted from the oak canopy soils to the grassland environment, but not when the grassland communities were transplanted to the oak canopy environment. These data support the hypothesis that microbial community composition and function is altered when microbes are exposed to new extremes in environmental conditions; that is, environmental conditions outside of their \"life history\" envelopes. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbial Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00248-006-9103-3","issn":"00953628","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, M., and Firestone, M., 2006, Response of microbial community composition and function to soil climate change: Microbial Ecology, v. 52, no. 4, p. 716-724, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9103-3.","startPage":"716","endPage":"724","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209740,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9103-3"},{"id":236437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa57e4b0c8380cd8629f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, M. P. 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":105104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Firestone, M.K.","contributorId":10593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firestone","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028742,"text":"70028742 - 2006 - Denitrification potential of different land-use types in an agricultural watershed, lower Mississippi valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028742","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification potential of different land-use types in an agricultural watershed, lower Mississippi valley","docAbstract":"Expansion of agricultural land and excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer use in the Mississippi River watershed has resulted in a three-fold increase in the nitrate load of the river since the early 1950s. One way to reduce this nitrate load is to restore wetlands at suitable locations between croplands and receiving waters to remove run-off nitrate through denitrification. This research investigated denitrification potential (DP) of different land uses and its controlling factors in an agricultural watershed in the lower Mississippi valley (LMV) to help identify sites with high DP for reducing run-off nitrate. Soil samples collected from seven land-use types of an agricultural watershed during spring, summer, fall and winter were incubated in the laboratory for DP determination. Low-elevation clay soils in wetlands exhibited 6.3 and 2.5 times greater DP compared to high-elevation silt loam and low-elevation clay soils in croplands, respectively. DP of vegetated-ditches was 1.3 and 4.2 times that of un-vegetated ditches and cultivated soils, respectively. Soil carbon and nitrogen availability, bulk density, and soil moisture significantly affected DP. These factors were significantly influenced in turn by landscape position and land-use type of the watershed. It is evident from these results that low-elevation, fine-textured soils under natural wetlands are the best locations for mediating nitrate loss from agricultural watersheds in the LMV. Landscape position and land-use types can be used as indices for the assessment/modeling of denitrification potential and identification of sites for restoration for nitrate removal in agricultural watersheds. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.05.007","issn":"09258574","usgsCitation":"Ullah, S., and Faulkner, S., 2006, Denitrification potential of different land-use types in an agricultural watershed, lower Mississippi valley: Ecological Engineering, v. 28, no. 2, p. 131-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.05.007.","startPage":"131","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209741,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.05.007"},{"id":236439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe9be4b0c8380cd4ee1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ullah, S.","contributorId":61624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ullah","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulkner, S.P.","contributorId":55190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028744,"text":"70028744 - 2006 - Using on-site bioassays to determine selenium risk to propagated endangered fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-05T13:09:02","indexId":"70028744","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using on-site bioassays to determine selenium risk to propagated endangered fishes","docAbstract":"<p>The Utah Reclamation, Mitigation and Conservation Commission is determining the feasibility of establishing a hatchery and grow-out facility for endangered June suckers <i>Chasmistes liorus</i> at Goshen Warm Springs, Utah. A survey of water quality indicated that selenium and other contaminants may be of concern at Goshen Warm Springs. We conducted an ecotoxicological study with three objectives: (1) to determine the growth rates of juvenile June suckers in two ponds (Lily Pond and North Pond) at Goshen Warm Springs and in Utah Lake, (2) to determine the uptake and depuration rates of selenium in juvenile June suckers, and (3) to evaluate limnological factors that may influence growth and selenium accumulation in June suckers. Fish growth was significantly greater at Utah Lake and North Pond than at Lily Pond or under current hatchery conditions. At the end of the uptake phase of the study (day 87), selenium concentrations in June suckers from Lily Pond, North Pond, and Utah Lake were 1.62, 1.90, and 1.32 <span>μg</span>/g of dry weight, respectively. Selenium uptake in June suckers was statistically significant at Lily Pond (<span>0.005 μg</span><strong>·</strong><span>g</span><sup>−1</sup> <strong>·</strong><span>d</span><sup>−1</sup>), North Pond (0.010 <span>μg</span><strong>·</strong><span>g</span><sup>−1</sup> <strong>·</strong><span>d</span><sup>−1</sup>), and Utah Lake (0.003 <span>μg</span><strong>·</strong><span>g</span><sup>−1</sup> <strong>·</strong><span>d</span><sup>−1</sup>). At day 87, the fish were transferred to well water for selenium depuration. Significant selenium depuration occurred after the transfer of June suckers to clean water. Results indicated that selenium bioaccumulated to statistically significant levels at both Lily and North ponds. However, these concentrations are not likely to be of concern because they are not known to cause chronic toxicity. Depuration experiments indicated that June suckers stocked into Utah Lake would eliminate accumulated selenium residues within 3 months. Results indicated that Goshen Warm Springs could be used for fish propagation. In addition, further evaluation of Utah Lake as an interim hatchery site for June suckers should be considered.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M05-063.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Allert, A., Fairchild, J.F., May, T.W., Sappington, L.C., Darnall, N., and Wilson, M., 2006, Using on-site bioassays to determine selenium risk to propagated endangered fishes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 2, p. 308-316, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-063.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"308","endPage":"316","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc08ae4b08c986b32a1a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allert, Ann L. aallert@usgs.gov","contributorId":494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"Ann L.","email":"aallert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fairchild, James F. jfairchild@usgs.gov","contributorId":492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"James","email":"jfairchild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sappington, Linda C.","contributorId":20821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sappington","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Darnall, N.","contributorId":86551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darnall","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, M.","contributorId":97842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028746,"text":"70028746 - 2006 - Hydrography and circulation of ice-marginal lakes at Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028746","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrography and circulation of ice-marginal lakes at Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"An extensive suite of physical oceanographic, remotely sensed, and water quality measurements, collected from 2001 through 2004 in two ice-marginal lakes at Bering Glacier, Alaska-Berg Lake and Vitus Lake-show that each has a unique circulation controlled by their specific physical forcing within the glacial system. Conductivity profiles from Berg Lake, perched 135 m a.s.l., show no salt in the lake, but the temperature profiles indicate an apparently unstable situation, the 4??C density maximum is located at 10 m depth, not at the bottom of the lake (90 m depth). Subglacial discharge from the Steller Glacier into the bottom of the lake must inject a suspended sediment load sufficient to marginally stabilize the water column throughout the lake. In Vitus Lake, terminus positions derived from satellite imagery show that the glacier terminus rapidly retreated from 1995 to the present resulting in a substantial expansion of the volume of Vitus Lake. Conductivity and temperature profiles from the tidally influenced Vitus Lake show a complex four-layer system with diluted (???50%) seawater in the bottom of the lake. This lake has a complex vertical structure that is the result of convection generated by ice melting in salt water, stratification within the lake, and freshwater entering the lake from beneath the glacier and surface runoff. Four consecutive years, from 2001 to 2004, of these observations in Vitus Lake show little change in the deep temperature and salinity conditions, indicating limited deep water renewal. The combination of the lake level measurements with discharge measurements, through a tidal cycle, by an acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) deployed in the Seal River, which drains the entire Bering system, showed a strong tidal influence but no seawater entry into Vitus Lake. The ADCP measurements combined with lake level measurements established a relationship between lake level and discharge, which when integrated over a tidal cycle, gives a tidally averaged discharge ranging from 1310 to 1510 m3 s-1. ?? 2006 Regents of the University of Colorado.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[547:HACOIL]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15230430","usgsCitation":"Josberger, E., Shuchman, R., Meadows, G., Savage, S., and Payne, J., 2006, Hydrography and circulation of ice-marginal lakes at Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 38, no. 4, p. 547-560, https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[547:HACOIL]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"547","endPage":"560","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477604,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1657/1523-0430%282006%2938%5B547%3AHACOIL%5D2.0.CO%3B2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209795,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[547:HACOIL]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3501e4b0c8380cd5fbd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shuchman, R.A.","contributorId":27204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuchman","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meadows, G.A.","contributorId":82994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savage, S.","contributorId":103049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Payne, J.","contributorId":37126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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