The Apache Trout Oncorhynchus apache, a salmonid endemic to east-central Arizona, is currently listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Establishing and maintaining recovery streams for Apache Trout and other endemic species requires determination of their specific habitat requirements. We built upon previous studies of Apache Trout habitat by defining both stream-specific and generalized optimal and suitable ranges of habitat criteria in three streams located in the White Mountains of Arizona. Habitat criteria were measured at the time thought to be most limiting to juvenile and adult life stages, the summer base flow period. Based on the combined results from three streams, we found that Apache Trout use relatively deep (optimal range = 0.15–0.32 m; suitable range = 0.032–0.470 m) pools with slow stream velocities (suitable range = 0.00–0.22 m/s), gravel or smaller substrate (suitable range = 0.13–2.0 [Wentworth scale]), overhead cover (suitable range = 26–88%), and instream cover (large woody debris and undercut banks were occupied at higher rates than other instream cover types). Fish were captured at cool to moderate temperatures (suitable range = 10.4–21.1°C) in streams with relatively low maximum seasonal temperatures (optimal range = 20.1–22.9°C; suitable range = 17.1–25.9°C). Multiple logistic regression generally confirmed the importance of these variables for predicting the presence of Apache Trout. All measured variables except mean velocity were significant predictors in our model. Understanding habitat needs is necessary in managing for persistence, recolonization, and recruitment of Apache Trout. Management strategies such as fencing areas to restrict ungulate use and grazing and planting native riparian vegetation might favor Apache Trout persistence and recolonization by providing overhead cover and large woody debris to form pools and instream cover, shading streams and lowering temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1225597","usgsCitation":"Petre, S.J., and Bonar, S.A., 2017, Determination of habitat requirements for Apache Trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 146, no. 1, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1225597.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-080481","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","volume":"146","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e9b996e4b05fe04cd65cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petre, Sally J.","contributorId":197664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petre","given":"Sally","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70191831,"text":"70191831 - 2017 - Acoustic assessment of pelagic planktivores, 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T14:14:04.224903","indexId":"70191831","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2016","chapter":"15","title":"Acoustic assessment of pelagic planktivores, 2016","docAbstract":"Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) are the most abundant pelagic planktivores in Lake Ontario (Weidel et al 2017), and the most important prey for salmon and trout, making up greater than 90% of the diet of the top predator, Chinook salmon (Lantry 2001, Brandt 1986), and supporting a multimillion dollar sportfishery. Alewife are also important prey for warm water predators, notably Walleye (Sander vitreus). Abundance of Alewife and smelt has declined since the 1980s, likely due to reduced nutrient loading, proliferation of invasive dreissenid mussels, and predation by stocked salmon and trout. Cisco (Coregonus artedi), a native planktivore, historically dominated the offshore pelagic prey fish of Lake Ontario, but their populations were severely reduced in the mid-20th century due to overfishing and competition with Alewife and smelt. Remnant populations of Cisco still exist, mostly in the eastern basin, and Cisco produce periodic strong year classes once or twice per decade (Owens et al 2003, most recently in 2012 and 2014 (OMNRF, 2017).
Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) are the most abundant pelagic planktivores in Lake Ontario (Weidel et al 2017), and the most important prey for salmon and trout, making up greater than 90% of the diet of the top predator, Chinook salmon (Lantry 2001, Brandt 1986), and supporting a multimillion dollar sportfishery. Alewife are also important prey for warm water predators, notably Walleye (Sander vitreus). Abundance of Alewife and smelt has declined since the 1980s, likely due to reduced nutrient loading, proliferation of invasive dreissenid mussels, and predation by stocked salmon and trout. Cisco (Coregonus artedi), a native planktivore, historically dominated the offshore pelagic prey fish of Lake Ontario, but their populations were severely reduced in the mid-20th century due to overfishing and competition with Alewife and smelt. Remnant populations of Cisco still exist, mostly in the eastern basin, and Cisco produce periodic strong year classes once or twice per decade (Owens et al 2003, most recently in 2012 and 2014 (OMNRF, 2017).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2016 Annual Report Bureau of Fisheries Lake Ontario Unit and St. Lawrence River Unit to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission’s Lake Ontario Committee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Lake Ontario Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 22-23, 2017","conferenceLocation":"Ypsilanti, MI","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Fish, Wildlife and Marine Resources","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Holden, J.P., Connerton, M., and Weidel, B., 2017, Acoustic assessment of pelagic planktivores, 2016: NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report 2016, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"15-1","endPage":"15-15","ipdsId":"IP-090224","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science 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P.","contributorId":190415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holden","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16762,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connerton, Michael J.","contributorId":25495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connerton","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192816,"text":"70192816 - 2017 - Effects of topographic data quality on estimates of shallow slope stability using different regolith depth models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T13:16:51","indexId":"70192816","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of topographic data quality on estimates of shallow slope stability using different regolith depth models","docAbstract":"Thickness of colluvium or regolith overlying bedrock or other consolidated materials is a major factor in determining stability of unconsolidated earth materials on steep slopes. Many efforts to model spatially distributed slope stability, for example to assess susceptibility to shallow landslides, have relied on estimates of constant thickness, constant depth, or simple models of thickness (or depth) based on slope and other topographic variables. Assumptions of constant depth or thickness rarely give satisfactory results. Geomorphologists have devised a number of different models to represent the spatial variability of regolith depth and applied them to various settings. I have applied some of these models that can be implemented numerically to different study areas with different types of terrain and tested the results against available depth measurements and landslide inventories. The areas include crystalline rocks of the Colorado Front Range, and gently dipping sedimentary rocks of the Oregon Coast Range. Model performance varies with model, terrain type, and with quality of the input topographic data. Steps in contour-derived 10-m digital elevation models (DEMs) introduce significant errors into the predicted distribution of regolith and landslides. Scan lines, facets, and other artifacts further degrade DEMs and model predictions. Resampling to a lower grid-cell resolution can mitigate effects of facets in lidar DEMs of areas where dense forest severely limits ground returns. Due to its higher accuracy and ability to penetrate vegetation, lidar-derived topography produces more realistic distributions of cover and potential landslides than conventional photogrammetrically derived topographic data.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides: Putting Experience, Knowledge and Emerging Technologies into Practice--Proceedings of the 3rd North American Symposium on Landslides: Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists Special Publication 27","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists","usgsCitation":"Baum, R.L., 2017, Effects of topographic data quality on estimates of shallow slope stability using different regolith depth models, in Landslides: Putting Experience, Knowledge and Emerging Technologies into Practice--Proceedings of the 3rd North American Symposium on Landslides: Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists Special Publication 27, p. 807-818.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"818","ipdsId":"IP-085830","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8ebe4b0da30c1bfc4e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70196113,"text":"70196113 - 2017 - Sub-indicator: Prey fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T11:53:43","indexId":"70196113","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Sub-indicator: Prey fish","docAbstract":"Prey fish communities across the Great Lakes continue to change, although the direction and magnitude of those changes are not consistent across the lakes. The metrics used to categorize prey fish status in this and previous periods are based on elements that are common among each of the lake’s Fish Community Objectives and include diversity and the relative role of native species in the prey fish communities. The diversity index categorized three of lakes as ‘fair’, while Superior and Erie were ‘good’ (Table 1). The short term trend, from the previous period (2008-2010) to the current period (2011-2014) found diversity in Erie and Superior to be unchanging, but the other three lakes to be ‘deteriorating’, resulting in an overall trend categorization of ‘undetermined’ (Table 1). The long term diversity trend suggested Lakes Superior and Erie have the most diverse prey communities although the index for those prey fish have been quite variable over time (Figure 1). In Lake Huron, where non-native alewife have substantially declined, the diversity index has also declined. The continued dominance of alewife in Lake Ontario (96% of the prey fish biomass) resulted in the lowest diversity index value (Figure 1). The proportion of native species within the community was judged as ‘good’ in Lakes Superior and Huron, ‘fair’ in Michigan and Erie and ‘poor’ in Ontario (Table 2). The short term trend was improving in in all lakes except Michigan (‘deteriorating’) and Ontario (‘unchanging’), resulting in an overall short term trend of ‘undetermined’ (Table 2). Over the current period, Lake Superior consistently had the highest proportion native prey fish (87%) while Lake Ontario had the lowest (1%) (Figure 2). Lake Michigan’s percent native has declined as round goby increase and comprises a greater proportion of the community. Native prey fish make up 51% of Lake Erie, although basin-specific values differed (Figure 2). Most notably, native species in Lake Huron comprised less than 10% of the community in 1970, but since alewife have declined, now represent nearly 80% of the community (Figure 2). Prey fish data are most consistent for in-lake populations, which are reported here; data from connecting channels was not consistently available across the basin. Abundance was not used to judge prey fish status since successful, basin-wide management actions, including mineral nutrient input reductions and piscivore restoration, both inherently reduce prey fish abundance. However, recent abundance trends as they relate to predator prey balance are referenced, such as in Lakes Michigan and Huron where piscivore stocking is being reduced to lower predation demand on prey fish populations and maintain sport fisheries.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sate of the Great Lakes 2017 Technical Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Environment and Climate Change Canada and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Weidel, B., and Dunlop, E., 2017, Sub-indicator: Prey fish, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"262","ipdsId":"IP-071538","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352690,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352660,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://binational.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/SOGL_2017_Technical_Report-EN.pdf"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8ebe4b0da30c1bfc4ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunlop, Erin","contributorId":102377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlop","given":"Erin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192184,"text":"70192184 - 2017 - Preliminary viability assessment of Lake Mendocino forecast informed reservoir operations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T10:48:59","indexId":"70192184","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Preliminary viability assessment of Lake Mendocino forecast informed reservoir operations","docAbstract":"This report describes the preliminary viability assessment (PVA) of forecast informed reservoir operations (FIRO) for Lake Mendocino, which is located on the East Fork Russian River three miles east of Ukiah, California. The results described in this report represent the collective activities of the Lake Mendocino FIRO Steering Committee (SC) (SC members are named on the inside cover of the report). The SC consists of water managers and scientists from several federal, state, and local agencies, and universities who have teamed to evaluate whether current technology and scientific understanding can be utilized to improve reliability of meeting water management objectives of Lake Mendocino while not impairing flood protection. While the PVA provides an initial evaluation of the viability of FIRO as a concept, additional steps remain to complete the full viability assessment (FVA). Also, the PVA does not identify how FIRO strategies would be implemented. That effort would be the focus of the FVA, which builds off the analyses developed in the PVA.
This report summarizes current Lake Mendocino operation and a preliminary analysis of FIRO alternatives, including analysis methods, results, and recommendations. A set of accompanying reports describes the analysis in detail. These are referred to herein as the Sonoma County Water Agency (SCWA) report, the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) report, and the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes (CW3E) report (SCWA 2017, USACE 2017, and CW3E 2017, respectively).
","language":"English","publisher":"Center For Western Weather and Water Extremes","usgsCitation":"Jasperse, J., Ralph, M., Anderson, M., Brekke, L.D., Dillabough, M., Dettinger, M.D., Haynes, A., Hartman, R., Jones, C., Forbis, J., Rutten, P., Talbot, C., and Webb, R., 2017, Preliminary viability assessment of Lake Mendocino forecast informed reservoir operations, 75 p.","productDescription":"75 p.","ipdsId":"IP-088766","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351645,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://cw3e.ucsd.edu/FIRO_docs/FIRO_PVA.pdf"},{"id":351646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mendocino","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8f7e4b0da30c1bfc4f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jasperse, Jay","contributorId":168661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jasperse","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":17863,"text":"Sonoma County Water Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ralph, Marty","contributorId":202509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralph","given":"Marty","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Michael","contributorId":148971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brekke, Levi D.","contributorId":178126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brekke","given":"Levi","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dillabough, Mike","contributorId":197942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dillabough","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haynes, Alan","contributorId":197943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haynes","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hartman, Robert","contributorId":197944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartman","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jones, Christy","contributorId":197945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Christy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Forbis, Joe","contributorId":197946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forbis","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rutten, Patrick","contributorId":197947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rutten","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Talbot, Cary","contributorId":197948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Talbot","given":"Cary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70192574,"text":"70192574 - 2017 - Arsenic hazard and associated health risks: New England, USA aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-20T19:43:42.152532","indexId":"70192574","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"A1","title":"Arsenic hazard and associated health risks: New England, USA aquifers","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Arid and semiarid ecosystems cover approximately 40% of Earth’s terrestrial surface and are present on each of the planet’s continents [1]. Drylands are characterized by their aridity, but there is substantial geographic, edaphic, and climatic variability among these vast ecosystems, and these differences underscore substantial variation in dryland soil microbial communities, as well as in the future climates predicted among arid and semiarid systems globally. Furthermore, arid ecosystems are commonly patchy at a variety of spatial scales [2,3]. Vascular plants are widely interspersed in drylands and bare soil, or soil that is covered with biological soil crusts, fill these spaces. The variability acts to further enhance spatial heterogeneity, as these different zones within dryland ecosystems differ in characteristics such as water retention, albedo, and nutrient cycling [4–6]. Importantly, the various soil patches of an arid landscape may be differentially sensitive to climate change. Soil communities are only active when enough moisture is available, and drylands show large spatial variability in soil moisture, with potentially long dry periods followed by pulses of moisture. The pulse dynamics associated with this wetting and drying affect the composition, structure, and function of dryland soil communities, and integrate biotic and abiotic processes via pulse-driven exchanges, interactions, transitions, and transfers. Climate change will likely alter the size, frequency, and intensity of future precipitation pulses, as well as influence non-rainfall sources of soil moisture, and aridland ecosystems are known to be highly sensitive to such climate variability. Despite great heterogeneity, arid ecosystems are united by a key parameter: a limitation in water availability. This characteristic may help to uncover unifying aspects of dryland soil responses to global change.
The dryness of an ecosystem can be described by its aridity index (AI). Several AIs have been proposed, but the most widely used metrics determine the difference between average precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, where evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration, both of which move water from the ecosystem to the atmosphere [7–9]. Because evapotranspiration can be affected by various environmental factors such as temperature and incident radiation (Fig. 10.1), regions that receive the same average precipitation may have significantly different AI values [10,11]. Multiple studies have documented that mean annual precipitation, and thus AI, is highly correlated with biological diversity and net primary productivity [12–15]. Accordingly, AI is considered to be a central regulator of the diversity, structure, and productivity of an ecosystem, playing an especially influential role in arid ecosystems. Thus, the climate parameters that drive alterations in the AI of a region are likely to play an disproportionate role in shaping the response of arid soil communities to a changing climate. In this chapter we consider climate parameters that have been shown to be altered through climate change, with a focus on how these parameters are likely to affect dryland soil communities, including microorganisms and invertebrates. In particular, our goal is to highlight dryland soil community structure and function in the context of climate change, and we will focus on community relationships with increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations (a primary driver of climate change), temperature, and sources of soil moisture.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The biology of arid soils","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.1515/9783110419047-008","usgsCitation":"Steven, B., McHugh, T.A., and Reed, S.C., 2017, The response of arid soil communities to climate change: Chapter 8, chap. of The biology of arid soils, p. 139-158, https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110419047-008.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"158","ipdsId":"IP-076037","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8f7e4b0da30c1bfc4f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steven, Blaire","contributorId":197800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steven","given":"Blaire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McHugh, Theresa Ann","contributorId":197801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McHugh","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191835,"text":"70191835 - 2017 - The history of late holocene surface-faulting earthquakes on the central segments of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T11:13:15","indexId":"70191835","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The history of late holocene surface-faulting earthquakes on the central segments of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah","docAbstract":"The Wasatch fault (WFZ)—Utah’s longest and most active normal fault—forms a prominent eastern boundary to the Basin and Range Province in northern Utah. To provide paleoseismic data for a Wasatch Front regional earthquake forecast, we synthesized paleoseismic data to define the timing and displacements of late Holocene surface-faulting earthquakes on the central five segments of the WFZ. Our analysis yields revised histories of large (M ~7) surface-faulting earthquakes on the segments, as well as estimates of earthquake recurrence and vertical slip rate. We constrain the timing of four to six earthquakes on each of the central segments, which together yields a history of at least 24 surface-faulting earthquakes since ~6 ka. Using earthquake data for each segment, inter-event recurrence intervals range from about 0.6 to 2.5 kyr, and have a mean of 1.2 kyr. Mean recurrence, based on closed seismic intervals, is ~1.1–1.3 kyr per segment, and when combined with mean vertical displacements per segment of 1.7–2.6 m, yield mean vertical slip rates of 1.3–2.0 mm/yr per segment. These data refine the late Holocene behavior of the central WFZ; however, a significant source of uncertainty is whether structural complexities that define the segments of the WFZ act as hard barriers to ruptures propagating along the fault. Thus, we evaluate fault rupture models including both single-segment and multi-segment ruptures, and define 3–17-km-wide spatial uncertainties in the segment boundaries. These alternative rupture models and segment-boundary zones honor the WFZ paleoseismic data, take into account the spatial and temporal limitations of paleoseismic data, and allow for complex ruptures such as partial-segment and spillover ruptures. Our data and analyses improve our understanding of the complexities in normal-faulting earthquake behavior and provide geological inputs for regional earthquake-probability and seismic hazard assessments.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and resources of the Wasatch: Back to front, Utah Geological Association Publication 46","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Association","usgsCitation":"DuRoss, C., Personius, S., Olig, S.S., Crone, A.J., Hylland, M.D., Lund, W.R., and Schwartz, D.P., 2017, The history of late holocene surface-faulting earthquakes on the central segments of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah, chap. of Geology and resources of the Wasatch: Back to front, Utah Geological Association Publication 46, v. 46, p. 1-51.","productDescription":"51 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"51","ipdsId":"IP-083722","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351656,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351655,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mapstore.utah.gov/uga46.html"}],"volume":"46","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8f8e4b0da30c1bfc4fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher 0000-0002-6963-7451 cduross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-7451","contributorId":152321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher","email":"cduross@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Personius, Stephen 0000-0001-8347-7370 personius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7370","contributorId":150055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olig, Susan S","contributorId":197357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olig","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hylland, Michael D.","contributorId":195214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hylland","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lund, William R.","contributorId":197358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lund","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189668,"text":"70189668 - 2017 - Mercury bioaccumulation in estuarine fishes: Novel insights from sulfur stable isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:03:21","indexId":"70189668","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury bioaccumulation in estuarine fishes: Novel insights from sulfur stable isotopes","docAbstract":"Estuaries are transitional habitats characterized by complex biogeochemical and ecological gradients that result in substantial variation in fish total mercury concentrations (THg). We leveraged these gradients and used carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), and sulfur (δ34S) stable isotopes to examine the ecological and biogeochemical processes underlying THg bioaccumulation in fishes from the San Francisco Bay Estuary. We employed a tiered approach that first examined processes influencing variation in fish THg among wetlands, and subsequently examined the roles of habitat and within-wetland processes in generating larger-scale patterns in fish THg. We found that δ34S, an indicator of sulfate reduction and habitat specific-foraging, was correlated with fish THg at all three spatial scales. Over the observed ranges of δ34S, THg concentrations in fish increased by up to 860% within wetlands, 560% among wetlands, and 291% within specific impounded wetland habitats. In contrast, δ13C and δ15N were not correlated with THg among wetlands and were only important in low salinity impounded wetlands, possibly reflecting more diverse food webs in this habitat. Together, our results highlight the key roles of sulfur biogeochemistry and ecology in influencing estuarine fish THg, as well as the importance of fish ecology and habitat in modulating the relationships between biogeochemical processes and Hg bioaccumulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b05325","usgsCitation":"Willacker, J.J., Eagles-Smith, C.A., and Ackerman, J., 2017, Mercury bioaccumulation in estuarine fishes: Novel insights from sulfur stable isotopes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 51, no. 4, p. 2131-2139, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05325.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2131","endPage":"2139","ipdsId":"IP-080770","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Estuary","volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb6e4b0d1f9f065a88a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willacker, James J. jwillacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":5614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willacker","given":"James","email":"jwillacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193964,"text":"70193964 - 2017 - Ecosystem extent and fragmentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-01T10:08:01","indexId":"70193964","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Ecosystem extent and fragmentation","docAbstract":"One of the candidate essential biodiversity variable (EBV) groups described in the seminal paper by Pereira et al. (2014) concerns Ecosystem Structure. This EBV group is distinguished from another EBV group which encompasses aspects of Ecosystem Function. While the Ecosystem Function EBV treats ecosystem processes like nutrient cycling, primary production, trophic interactions, etc., the Ecosystem Structure EBV relates to the set of biophysical properties of ecosystems that create biophysical environmental context, confer biophysical structure, and occur geographically. The Ecosystem Extent and Fragmentation EBV is one of the EBVs in the Ecosystem Structure EBV group.
Ecosystems are understood to exist at multiple scales, from very large areas (macro-ecosystems) like the Arctic tundra, for example, to something as small as a tree in an Amazonian rain forest. As such, ecosystems occupy space and therefore can be mapped across any geography of interest, whether that area of interest be a site, a nation, a region, a continent, or the planet. One of the most obvious and seemingly straightforward EBVs is Ecosystem Extent and Fragmentation. Ecosystem extent refers to the location and geographic distribution of ecosystems across landscapes or in the oceans, while ecosystem fragmentation refers to the spatial pattern and connectivity of ecosystem occurrences on the landscape.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring essential biodiversity variables in tropical forests with remote sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Global Observation of Forest Cover and Land Dynamics","usgsCitation":"Sayre, R., and Hansen, M., 2017, Ecosystem extent and fragmentation, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-082059","costCenters":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.gofcgold.wur.nl/sites/gofcgold-geobon_biodiversitysourcebook.php"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc3de4b06e28e9c23be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sayre, Roger 0000-0001-6703-7105 rsayre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6703-7105","contributorId":191629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"Roger","email":"rsayre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Matt","contributorId":61330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194206,"text":"70194206 - 2017 - State of Great Lakes 2017 Technical Report: Indicators to assess the status and trends of the Great Lakes ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-13T15:19:22","indexId":"70194206","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA 905‐R‐17‐001","title":"State of Great Lakes 2017 Technical Report: Indicators to assess the status and trends of the Great Lakes ecosystem","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Context
Playa wetlands are the primary habitat for numerous wetland-dependent species in the Southern Great Plains of North America. Plant and wildlife populations that inhabit these wetlands are reciprocally linked through the dispersal of individuals, propagules and ultimately genes among local populations.
Objective
To develop and implement a framework using network models for conceptualizing, representing and analyzing potential biological flows among 48,981 spatially discrete playa wetlands in the Southern Great Plains.
Methods
We examined changes in connectivity patterns and assessed the relative importance of wetlands to maintaining these patterns by targeting wetlands for removal based on network centrality metrics weighted by estimates of habitat quality and probability of inundation.
Results
We identified several distinct, broad-scale sub networks and phase transitions among playa wetlands in the Southern Plains. In particular, for organisms that can disperse >2 km a dense and expansive wetland sub network emerges in the Southern High Plains. This network was characterized by localized, densely connected wetland clusters at link distances (h) >2 km but <5 km and was most sensitive to changes in wetland availability (p) and configuration when h = 4 km, and p = 0.2–0.4. It transitioned to a single, large connected wetland system at broader spatial scales even when the proportion of inundated wetland was relatively low (p = 0.2).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that redundancy in the potential for broad and fine-scale movements insulates this system from damage and facilitates system-wide connectivity among populations with different dispersal capacities.
Many ecosystems continue to experience rapid transformations due to processes like land use change and resource extraction. A systems approach to maintaining natural resources focuses on how interactions and feedbacks among components of complex social‐ecological systems generate social and ecological outcomes. In recreational fisheries, residential shoreline development and fish stocking are two widespread human behaviors that influence fisheries, yet emergent social‐ecological outcomes from these potentially interacting behaviors remain under explored. We applied a social‐ecological systems framework using a simulation model and empirical data to determine whether lakeshore development is likely to promote stocking through its adverse effects on coarse woody habitat and thereby also on survival of juvenile and adult fish. We demonstrate that high lakeshore development is likely to generate dependency of the ecosystem on the social system, in the form of stocking. Further, lakeshore development can interact with social‐ecological processes to create deficits for state‐level governments, which threatens the ability to fund further ecosystem subsidies. Our results highlight the value of a social‐ecological framework for maintaining ecosystem services like recreational fisheries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.1433","usgsCitation":"Ziegler, J.P., Golebie, E.J., Jones, S., Weidel, B., and Solomon, C.T., 2017, Social-ecological outcomes in recreational fisheries: The interaction of lakeshore development and stocking: Ecological Applications, v. 27, no. 1, p. 56-65, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1433.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"65","ipdsId":"IP-070202","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59cb672fe4b017cf3141c687","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziegler, Jacob P.","contributorId":196715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Golebie, Elizabeth J.","contributorId":196716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golebie","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Stuart E.","contributorId":22222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Stuart E.","affiliations":[{"id":6966,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Solomon, Christopher T.","contributorId":34014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195637,"text":"70195637 - 2017 - Low thinning and crown thinning of two severities as restoration tools at Redwood National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:37:39","indexId":"70195637","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"PSW-GTR-258","title":"Low thinning and crown thinning of two severities as restoration tools at Redwood National Park","docAbstract":"Interest in the restoration of second-growth forests has continued to increase in the redwood region, which has further increased the importance of evaluating restoration-based silvicultural strategies. This study assessed the short-term effectiveness of four silvicultural treatments (two silvicultural thinning methods, low thinning and crown thinning, and two basal area retentions, 80 percent and 45 percent) as forest restoration tools via analysis of relative basal area growth at Redwood National Park. Prior to treatment, the second-growth stand had more than 1,600 trees ha-1 and 70.0 m2 ha-1 basal area and consisted primarily of two species, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco) (the dominant species) and redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.). Growth was enhanced for all treatments with 5-year net basal area gains of 28.4 percent for the lowretention crown thinning, 28.1 percent for the low-retention low thinning, 23.3 percent for the high-retention crown thinning, 19.1 percent for high-retention low thinning, and only 14.2 percent for the control. We conclude that all four thinning treatments improved tree growth; but among them, the low-retention treatments were most effective in accomplishing restoration objectives, while the high-retention low thinning was least effective. Increasing the array of silvicultural tools that Redwood National Park can use may prove helpful in accomplishing restoration goals in future projects.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coast redwood science symposium—2016: Past successes and future direction","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Teraoka, J.R., van Mantgem, P.J., and Keyes, C., 2017, Low thinning and crown thinning of two severities as restoration tools at Redwood National Park: General Technical Report PSW-GTR-258, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"266","ipdsId":"IP-080616","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351957,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/55435"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Redwood National Park","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8ebe4b0da30c1bfc4dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teraoka, Jason R","contributorId":202775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teraoka","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422 pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":2838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip","email":"pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keyes, Christopher R.","contributorId":202776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keyes","given":"Christopher R.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178872,"text":"70178872 - 2017 - Pathogen transport in groundwater systems: Contrasts with traditional solute transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T12:49:41","indexId":"70178872","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogen transport in groundwater systems: Contrasts with traditional solute transport","docAbstract":"Water quality affects many aspects of water availability, from precluding use to societal perceptions of fit-for-purpose. Pathogen source and transport processes are drivers of water quality because they have been responsible for numerous outbreaks resulting in large economic losses due to illness and, in some cases, loss of life. Outbreaks result from very small exposure (e.g., less than 20 viruses) from very strong sources (e.g., trillions of viruses shed by a single infected individual). Thus, unlike solute contaminants, an acute exposure to a very small amount of contaminated water can cause immediate adverse health effects. Similarly, pathogens are larger than solutes. Thus, interactions with surfaces and settling become important even as processes important for solutes such as diffusion become less important. These differences are articulated in “Colloid Filtration Theory”, a separate branch of pore-scale transport. Consequently, understanding pathogen processes requires changes in how groundwater systems are typically characterized, where the focus is on the leading edges of plumes and preferential flow paths, even if such features move only a very small fraction of the aquifer flow. Moreover, the relatively short survival times of pathogens in the subsurface require greater attention to very fast (<10 year) flow paths. By better understanding the differences between pathogen and solute transport mechanisms discussed here, a more encompassing view of water quality and source water protection is attained. With this more holistic view and theoretical understanding, better evaluations can be made regarding drinking water vulnerability and the relation between groundwater and human health.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-016-1502-z","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., and Johnson, W.P., 2017, Pathogen transport in groundwater systems: Contrasts with traditional solute transport: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 25, no. 4, p. 921-930, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1502-z.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"921","endPage":"930","ipdsId":"IP-078274","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8f8e4b0da30c1bfc502","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, William P.","contributorId":107288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189500,"text":"70189500 - 2017 - Relative contributions of copper oxide nanoparticles and dissolved copper to Cu uptake kinetics of Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) embryos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-13T16:27:55","indexId":"70189500","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Relative contributions of copper oxide nanoparticles and dissolved copper to Cu uptake kinetics of Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) embryos","title":"Relative contributions of copper oxide nanoparticles and dissolved copper to Cu uptake kinetics of Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) embryos","docAbstract":"The toxicity of soluble metal-based nanomaterials may be due to the uptake of metals in both dissolved and nanoparticulate forms, but the relative contributions of these different forms to overall metal uptake rates under environmental conditions are not quantitatively defined. Here, we investigated the linkage between the dissolution rates of copper(II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) and their bioavailability to Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) embryos, with the aim of quantitatively delineating the relative contributions of nanoparticulate and dissolved species for Cu uptake. Gulf killifish embryos were exposed to dissolved Cu and CuO NP mixtures comprising a range of pH values (6.3–7.5) and three types of natural organic matter (NOM) isolates at various concentrations (0.1–10 mg-C L–1), resulting in a wide range of CuO NP dissolution rates that subsequently influenced Cu uptake. First-order dissolution rate constants of CuO NPs increased with increasing NOM concentration and for NOM isolates with higher aromaticity, as indicated by specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), while Cu uptake rate constants of both dissolved Cu and CuO NP decreased with NOM concentration and aromaticity. As a result, the relative contribution of dissolved Cu and nanoparticulate CuO species for the overall Cu uptake rate was insensitive to NOM type or concentration but largely determined by the percentage of CuO that dissolved. These findings highlight SUVA and aromaticity as key NOM properties affecting the dissolution kinetics and bioavailability of soluble metal-based nanomaterials in organic-rich waters. These properties could be used in the incorporation of dissolution kinetics into predictive models for environmental risks of nanomaterials.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b04672","usgsCitation":"Jiang, C., Castellon, B.T., Matson, C., Aiken, G.R., and Hsu-Kim, H., 2017, Relative contributions of copper oxide nanoparticles and dissolved copper to Cu uptake kinetics of Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) embryos: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 51, no. 3, p. 1395-1404, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04672.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1395","endPage":"1404","ipdsId":"IP-080135","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596886a0e4b0d1f9f05f5992","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, Chuanjia","contributorId":194659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Chuanjia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castellon, Benjamin T.","contributorId":194660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castellon","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matson, Cole W.","contributorId":141222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"Cole W.","affiliations":[{"id":13716,"text":"Baylor University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hsu-Kim, Heileen","contributorId":49041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsu-Kim","given":"Heileen","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189601,"text":"70189601 - 2017 - Diet patterns of island foxes on San Nicolas Island relative to feral cat removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-18T12:42:36","indexId":"70189601","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2984,"text":"Pacific Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet patterns of island foxes on San Nicolas Island relative to feral cat removal","docAbstract":"Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) are a species of conservation concern that occur on six of the Channel Islands off the coast of southern California. We analysed island fox diet on San Nicolas Island during 2006–12 to assess the influence of the removal of feral cats (Felis catus) on the food use by foxes. Our objective was to determine whether fox diet patterns shifted in response to the cat removal conducted during 2009–10, thus indicating that cats were competing with foxes for food items. We also examined the influence of annual precipitation patterns and fox abundance on fox diet. On the basis of an analysis of 1975 fox scats, use of vertebrate prey – deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), birds, and lizards – increased significantly during and after the complete removal of cats (n = 66) from the island. Deer mouse abundance increased markedly during and after cat removal and use of mice by foxes was significantly related to mouse abundance. The increase in mice and shift in item use by the foxes was consistent with a reduction in exploitative competition associated with the cat removal. However, fox abundance declined markedly coincident with the removal of cats and deer mouse abundance was negatively related to fox numbers. Also, annual precipitation increased markedly during and after cat removal and deer mouse abundance closely tracked precipitation. Thus, our results indicate that other confounding factors, particularly precipitation, may have had a greater influence on fox diet patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/PC16037","usgsCitation":"Cypher, B.L., Kelly, E.C., Ferrara, F.J., Drost, C.A., Westall, T.L., and Hudgens, B., 2017, Diet patterns of island foxes on San Nicolas Island relative to feral cat removal: Pacific Conservation Biology, v. 23, no. 2, p. 180-188, https://doi.org/10.1071/PC16037.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"188","ipdsId":"IP-079481","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Nicolas Island","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596f1e26e4b0d1f9f064075f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cypher, Brian L.","contributorId":111868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cypher","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, Erica C.","contributorId":194788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrara, Francesca J.","contributorId":194789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrara","given":"Francesca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drost, Charles A. 0000-0002-4792-7095 charles_drost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7095","contributorId":3151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","email":"charles_drost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Westall, Tory L.","contributorId":194790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westall","given":"Tory","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hudgens, Brian","contributorId":34058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudgens","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194309,"text":"70194309 - 2017 - Climate changes and wildfire alter vegetation of Yellowstone National Park, but forest cover persists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T11:44:21","indexId":"70194309","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate changes and wildfire alter vegetation of Yellowstone National Park, but forest cover persists","docAbstract":"We present landscape simulation results contrasting effects of changing climates on forest vegetation and fire regimes in Yellowstone National Park, USA, by mid-21st century. We simulated potential changes to fire dynamics and forest characteristics under three future climate projections representing a range of potential future conditions using the FireBGCv2 model. Under the future climate scenarios with moderate warming (>2°C) and moderate increases in precipitation (3–5%), model simulations resulted in 1.2–4.2 times more burned area, decreases in forest cover (10–44%), and reductions in basal area (14–60%). In these same scenarios, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) decreased in basal area (18–41%), while Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) basal area increased (21–58%). Conversely, mild warming (<2°C) coupled with greater increases in precipitation (12–13%) suggested an increase in forest cover and basal area by mid-century, with spruce and subalpine fir increasing in abundance. Overall, we found changes in forest tree species compositions were caused by the climate-mediated changes in fire regime (56–315% increase in annual area burned). Simulated changes in forest composition and fire regime under warming climates portray a landscape that shifts from lodgepole pine to Douglas-fir caused by the interaction between the magnitude and seasonality of future climate changes, by climate-induced changes in the frequency and intensity of wildfires, and by tree species response.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1636","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.A., Loehman, R.A., and Keane, R.E., 2017, Climate changes and wildfire alter vegetation of Yellowstone National Park, but forest cover persists: Ecosphere, v. 8, no. 1, e01636; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1636.","productDescription":"e01636; 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-074562","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1636","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.44750680513074\n ],\n [\n -110.3082275390625,\n 44.44750680513074\n ],\n [\n -110.3082275390625,\n 44.99394031891056\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.99394031891056\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.44750680513074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc3ce4b06e28e9c23be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Jason A.","contributorId":168604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16761,"text":"Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loehman, Rachel A. 0000-0001-7680-1865 rloehman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-1865","contributorId":187605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loehman","given":"Rachel","email":"rloehman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":723213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keane, Robert E.","contributorId":200723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keane","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6679,"text":"US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194510,"text":"70194510 - 2017 - Phosphorus (P) and HABs: Sources of P discharged from the Maumee River into Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T16:18:22","indexId":"70194510","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Phosphorus (P) and HABs: Sources of P discharged from the Maumee River into Lake Erie","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Estuarine tidal mudflats form unique habitats and maintain valuable ecosystems. Historic measurements of a mudflat in San Fancsico Bay over the past 150 years suggest the development of a rather stable mudflat profile. This raises questions on its origin and governing processes as well as on the mudflats’ fate under scenarios of sea level rise and decreasing sediment supply. We developed a 1D morphodynamic profile model (Delft3D) that is able to reproduce the 2011 measured mudflat profile. The main, schematised, forcings of the model are a constant tidal cycle and constant wave action. The model shows that wave action suspends sediment that is transported landward during flood. A depositional front moves landward until landward bed levels are high enough to carry an equal amount of sediment back during ebb. This implies that, similar to observations, the critical shear stress for erosion is regularly exceeded during the tidal cycle and that modelled equilibrium conditions include high suspended sediment concentrations at the mudflat. Shear stresses are highest during low water, while shear stresses are lower than critical (and highest at the landward end) along the mudflat during high water. Scenarios of sea level rise and decreasing sediment supply drown the mudflat. In addition, the mudflat becomes more prone to channel incision because landward accumulation is hampered. This research suggests that sea level rise is a serious threat to the presence of many estuarine intertidal mudflats, adjacent salt marshes and their associated ecological values.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-016-0129-6","usgsCitation":"Van der Wegen, M., Jaffe, B.E., Foxgrover, A.C., and Roelvink, D., 2017, Mudflat morphodynamics and the impact of sea level rise in South San Francisco Bay: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 40, no. 1, p. 37-49, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-016-0129-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-082490","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-016-0129-6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":339935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.19612121582031,\n 37.41325496791442\n ],\n [\n -121.91734313964844,\n 37.41325496791442\n ],\n [\n -121.91734313964844,\n 37.56580695492944\n ],\n [\n -122.19612121582031,\n 37.56580695492944\n ],\n [\n -122.19612121582031,\n 37.41325496791442\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877ade4b0b7ea54521c00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van der Wegen, Mick","contributorId":191095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van der Wegen","given":"Mick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foxgrover, Amy C. 0000-0003-0638-5776 afoxgrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-5776","contributorId":3261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxgrover","given":"Amy","email":"afoxgrover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roelvink, Dano","contributorId":139950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roelvink","given":"Dano","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13328,"text":"UNESCO-IHE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":691861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189468,"text":"70189468 - 2017 - Replication and shedding kinetics of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in juvenile rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T12:20:32","indexId":"70189468","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3699,"text":"Virus Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Replication and shedding kinetics of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in juvenile rainbow trout","docAbstract":"Viral replication and shedding are key components of transmission and fitness, the kinetics of which are heavily dependent on virus, host, and environmental factors. To date, no studies have quantified the shedding kinetics of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), or how they are associated with replication, making it difficult to ascertain the transmission dynamics of this pathogen of high agricultural and conservation importance. Here, the replication and shedding kinetics of two M genogroup IHNV genotypes were examined in their naturally co-evolved rainbow trout host. Within host virus replication began rapidly, approaching maximum values by day 3 post-infection, after which viral load was maintained or gradually dropped through day 7. Host innate immune response measured as stimulation of Mx-1 gene expression generally followed within host viral loads. Shedding also began very quickly and peaked within 2 days, defining a generally uniform early peak period of shedding from 1 to 4 days after exposure to virus. This was followed by a post-peak period where shedding declined, such that the majority of fish were no longer shedding by day 12 post-infection. Despite similar kinetics, the average shedding rate over the course of infection was significantly lower in mixed compared to single genotype infections, suggesting a competition effect, however, this did not significantly impact the total amount of virus shed. The data also indicated that the duration of shedding, rather than peak amount of virus shed, was correlated with fish mortality. Generally, the majority of virus produced during infection appeared to be shed into the environment rather than maintained in the host, although there was more retention of within host virus during the post-peak period. Viral virulence was correlated with shedding, such that the more virulent of the two genotypes shed more total virus. This fundamental understanding of IHNV shedding kinetics and variation at the individual fish level could assist with management decisions about how to respond to disease outbreaks when they occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.011","usgsCitation":"Wargo, A.R., Scott, R., Kerr, B., and Kurath, G., 2017, Replication and shedding kinetics of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in juvenile rainbow trout: Virus Research, v. 227, p. 200-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"211","ipdsId":"IP-077881","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/775","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343803,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596886a0e4b0d1f9f05f59a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wargo, Andrew R.","contributorId":47260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wargo","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Robert J.","contributorId":45600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kerr, Benjamin","contributorId":194626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196382,"text":"70196382 - 2017 - Crop modeling applications in agricultural water management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T13:56:30","indexId":"70196382","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3619,"text":"Transactions of the ASABE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Crop modeling applications in agricultural water management","docAbstract":"This article introduces the fourteen articles that comprise the “Crop Modeling and Decision Support for Optimizing Use of Limited Water” collection. This collection was developed from a special session on crop modeling applications in agricultural water management held at the 2016 ASABE Annual International Meeting (AIM) in Orlando, Florida. In addition, other authors who were not able to attend the 2016 ASABE AIM were also invited to submit papers. The articles summarized in this introductory article demonstrate a wide array of applications in which crop models can be used to optimize agricultural water management. The following section titles indicate the topics covered in this collection: (1) evapotranspiration modeling (one article), (2) model development and parameterization (two articles), (3) application of crop models for irrigation scheduling (five articles), (4) coordinated water and nutrient management (one article), (5) soil water management (two articles), (6) risk assessment of water-limited irrigation management (one article), and (7) regional assessments of climate impact (two articles). Changing weather and climate, increasing population, and groundwater depletion will continue to stimulate innovations in agricultural water management, and crop models will play an important role in helping to optimize water use in agriculture.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)","doi":"10.13031/trans.12693","usgsCitation":"Kisekka, I., DeJonge, K.C., Ma, L., Paz, J., and Douglas-Mankin, K.R., 2017, Crop modeling applications in agricultural water management: Transactions of the ASABE, v. 60, no. 6, p. 1959-1964, https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12693.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1959","endPage":"1964","ipdsId":"IP-094679","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12693","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8ebe4b0da30c1bfc4ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kisekka, Isaya","contributorId":203939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kisekka","given":"Isaya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36767,"text":"Departments of Land, Air, and Water Resources, and Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeJonge, Kendall C.","contributorId":203940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeJonge","given":"Kendall","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36768,"text":"USDA-ARS Water Management and Systems Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":29140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paz, Joel","contributorId":203941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paz","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36769,"text":"Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Douglas-Mankin, Kyle R. 0000-0002-3155-3666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-3666","contributorId":203927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas-Mankin","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195830,"text":"70195830 - 2017 - Understanding the past to interpret the future: Comparison of simulated groundwater recharge in the upper Colorado River basin (USA) using observed and general-circulation-model historical climate data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T13:20:04.696686","indexId":"70195830","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the past to interpret the future: Comparison of simulated groundwater recharge in the upper Colorado River basin (USA) using observed and general-circulation-model historical climate data","docAbstract":"In evaluating potential impacts of climate change on water resources, water managers seek to understand how future conditions may differ from the recent past. Studies of climate impacts on groundwater recharge often compare simulated recharge from future and historical time periods on an average monthly or overall average annual basis, or compare average recharge from future decades to that from a single recent decade. Baseline historical recharge estimates, which are compared with future conditions, are often from simulations using observed historical climate data. Comparison of average monthly results, average annual results, or even averaging over selected historical decades, may mask the true variability in historical results and lead to misinterpretation of future conditions. Comparison of future recharge results simulated using general circulation model (GCM) climate data to recharge results simulated using actual historical climate data may also result in an incomplete understanding of the likelihood of future changes. In this study, groundwater recharge is estimated in the upper Colorado River basin, USA, using a distributed-parameter soil-water balance groundwater recharge model for the period 1951–2010. Recharge simulations are performed using precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature data from observed climate data and from 97 CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5) projections. Results indicate that average monthly and average annual simulated recharge are similar using observed and GCM climate data. However, 10-year moving-average recharge results show substantial differences between observed and simulated climate data, particularly during period 1970–2000, with much greater variability seen for results using observed climate data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-016-1481-0","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F., Gangopadhyay, S., and Pruitt, T., 2017, Understanding the past to interpret the future: Comparison of simulated groundwater recharge in the upper Colorado River basin (USA) using observed and general-circulation-model historical climate data: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 25, no. 2, p. 347-358, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1481-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"358","ipdsId":"IP-076138","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River basin","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee8ebe4b0da30c1bfc4d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":1629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred D.","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu 0000-0003-3864-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3864-8251","contributorId":173439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gangopadhyay","given":"Subhrendu","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pruitt, Tom 0000-0002-3543-1324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-1324","contributorId":173440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pruitt","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27228,"text":"Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}