This study was designed to determine the spring, summer, autumn, and early winter distribution, migration routes, and timing of migration of the Atlantic population of Steller's eiders Polysticta stelleri. Satellite transmitters were implanted in 20 eiders captured in April 2001 at Vads??, Norway, and their locations were determined from 5 May 2001 to 6 February 2002. Regions where birds concentrated from spring until returning to wintering areas included coastal waters from western Finnmark, Norway, to the eastern Taymyr Peninsula, Russia. Novaya Zemlya, Russia, particularly the Mollera Bay region, was used extensively during spring staging, moult, and autumn staging; regions of the Kola, Kanin, and Gydanskiy peninsulas, Russia, were used extensively during spring and moult migrations. Steller's eiders migrated across the Barents and Kara seas and along the Kara Sea and Kola Peninsula coastal waters to nesting, moulting, and wintering areas. The majority of marked eiders (9 of 15) were flightless in near-shore waters along the west side of Novaya Zemlya. Eiders were also flightless in northern Norway and along the Kanin and at Kola Peninsula coasts. We compare and contrast natural history characteristics of the Atlantic and Pacific populations and discuss evolutionary and ecological factors influencing their distribution. © Journal of Avian Biology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.0908-8857.2006.03472.x","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., Bustnes, J., and Systad, G.H., 2006, Breeding and moulting locations and migration patterns of the Atlantic population of Steller's eiders Polysticta stelleri as determined from satellite telemetry: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 37, no. 1, p. 58-68, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0908-8857.2006.03472.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f258e4b0c8380cd4b120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bustnes, Jan O.","contributorId":43235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bustnes","given":"Jan O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Systad, Geir H.","contributorId":24241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Systad","given":"Geir","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030699,"text":"70030699 - 2006 - Geochemical patterns of arsenic-enriched ground water in fractured, crystalline bedrock, Northport, Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030699","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical patterns of arsenic-enriched ground water in fractured, crystalline bedrock, Northport, Maine, USA","docAbstract":"High mean As concentrations of up to 26.6 ??mol/L (1990 ??g/L) occur in ground water collected from a fractured-bedrock system composed of sulfidic schist with granitic to dioritic intrusions. Sulfides in the bedrock are the primary source of the As in the ground water, but the presence of arsenopyrite in rock core retrieved from a borehole with As concentrations in the ground water barely above the detection limit of 2.0 ??mol/L, shows that there are complicating factors. Chemical analyses of water from 35 bedrock wells throughout a small watershed reveal spatial clustering of wells with high As concentrations. Stiff diagrams and box plots distinguish three distinct types; calcium-bicarbonate-dominated water with low As concentrations (CaHCO 3 type), sodium-bicarbonate-dominated water with moderately high As concentrations (NaHCO3 type), and calcium-bicarbonate-dominated water with very high As concentrations (High-As type). It is proposed that differences in recharge area and ground-water evolution, and possible bedrock composition difference are responsible for the chemical distinctions within the watershed. Lack of correlation of As concentrations with pH indicates that desorption of As is an insignificant control on As concentration. Correlations of As concentrations with Fe and redox parameters indicates that reductive dissolution of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides may play a role in the occurrence of high As concentrations in the NaHCO3 and High-As type water. The oxidation of sulfide minerals occurs within the ground-water system and is ultimately responsible for the existence of As in the ground water, but there is no correlation between As and SO4 concentrations, probably due to precipitation of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides and adsorption of As under oxidizing conditions. Crown Copyright ?? 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.12.001","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Lipfert, G., Reeve, A., Sidle, W., and Marvinney, R., 2006, Geochemical patterns of arsenic-enriched ground water in fractured, crystalline bedrock, Northport, Maine, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 3, p. 528-545, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.12.001.","startPage":"528","endPage":"545","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211820,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.12.001"},{"id":239185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a168be4b0c8380cd551b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipfert, G.","contributorId":53135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipfert","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeve, A.S.","contributorId":64446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeve","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sidle, W.C.","contributorId":93911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidle","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvinney, R.","contributorId":63220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvinney","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030698,"text":"70030698 - 2006 - Storage and transit time of chemicals in thick unsaturated zones under rangeland and irrigated cropland, High Plains, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T08:08:48","indexId":"70030698","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storage and transit time of chemicals in thick unsaturated zones under rangeland and irrigated cropland, High Plains, United States","docAbstract":"In 2000-2002, three rangeland and six irrigated sites were instrumented to assess the storage and transit time of chemicals in thick (15 to 50 m) unsaturated zones (UZ) in the High Plains. These processes are likely to influence relations between land use and groundwater quality, yet they have not been documented systematically in the High Plains. Land use and climate were important controls on the size of subsoil chloride, nitrate, and pesticide compound reservoirs. The reservoirs under irrigated cropland generally were larger than those under rangeland because more chemicals were applied to cropland than to rangeland. In some cases, chloride and nitrate reservoirs under rangeland were larger than those under cropland, presumably because of long‐term evaporative concentration near the base of the root zone. Natural salts mobilized by irrigation return flow accounted for as much as 60 and 80% of the nitrate and chloride reservoirs, respectively, under some cropland, as indicated by detailed chemical profiles and isotopic tracers (15N, 18O in nitrate and 2H, 3H, 18O in water). Advective chemical transit times in the UZ under cropland ranged from about 50 to 375 years, longer than any of the instrumented fields had been irrigated, yet agrichemicals were detected at the water table at four of the six sites. The data provide evidence for the existence of slow and fast paths for water movement in the UZ, with larger subsoil chemical reservoirs occurring in areas dominated by slow paths. Implications of these findings with respect to water quality in the aquifer are significant because they indicate that the amount of chemical mass reaching the aquifer could increase with time as chemicals that still reside under irrigated fields reach the water table.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004417","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Dennehy, K., Bruce, B.W., Böhlke, J., Michel, R.L., Gurdak, J., and Hurlbut, D., 2006, Storage and transit time of chemicals in thick unsaturated zones under rangeland and irrigated cropland, High Plains, United States: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 3, W03413; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004417.","productDescription":"W03413; 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b986ce4b08c986b31c019","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dennehy, K.F.","contributorId":41841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennehy","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruce, B. W.","contributorId":19577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gurdak, J.J.","contributorId":35119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hurlbut, D.B.","contributorId":32597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurlbut","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031167,"text":"70031167 - 2006 - An improved model for the calculation of CO2 solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70031167","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved model for the calculation of CO2 solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-","docAbstract":"An improved model is presented for the calculation of the solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions containing Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42- in a wide temperature-pressure-ionic strength range (from 273 to 533 K, from 0 to 2000 bar, and from 0 to 4.5 molality of salts) with experimental accuracy. The improvements over the previous model [Duan, Z. and Sun, R., 2003. An improved model calculating CO2 solubility in pure water and aqueous NaCl solutions from 273 to 533K and from 0 to 2000 bar. Chemical Geology, 193: 257-271] include: (1) By developing a non-iterative equation to replace the original equation of state in the calculation of CO 2 fugacity coefficients, the new model is at least twenty times computationally faster and can be easily adapted to numerical reaction-flow simulator for such applications as CO2 sequestration and (2) By fitting to the new solubility data, the new model improved the accuracy below 288 K from 6% to about 3% of uncertainty but still retains the high accuracy of the original model above 288 K. We comprehensively evaluate all experimental CO2 solubility data. Compared with these data, this model not only reproduces all the reliable data used for the parameterization but also predicts the data that were not used in the parameterization. In order to facilitate the application to CO2 sequestration, we also predicted CO2 solubility in seawater at two-phase coexistence (vapor-liquid or liquid-liquid) and at three-phase coexistence (CO2 hydrate-liquid water-vapor CO2 [or liquid CO2]). The improved model is programmed and can be downloaded from the website http://www.geochem-model.org/programs.htm. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2005.09.001","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Duan, Z., Sun, R., Zhu, C., and Chou, I., 2006, An improved model for the calculation of CO2 solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-: Marine Chemistry, v. 98, no. 2-4, p. 131-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.09.001.","startPage":"131","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211407,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.09.001"},{"id":238690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea72e4b0c8380cd4887b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duan, Zhenhao","contributorId":71302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duan","given":"Zhenhao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sun, R.","contributorId":10137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Chen","contributorId":6244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Chen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030682,"text":"70030682 - 2006 - Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030682","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota","docAbstract":"We have numerically modeled evolving fluid pressures and concentrations from a nine-year in situ osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota. These data were obtained and recently interpreted by one of us (C.E.N.) as indicating a potentially significant role for chemical osmosis in media like the Pierre Shale. That analysis considered only the final pressure differentials among boreholes that were assumed to represent osmotic equilibrium. For this study, the system evolution was modeled using a recently developed transient model for membrane transport. The model simulates hydraulically and chemically driven fluid and solute transport. The results yield an estimate of the thickness of the water film between the clay platelets b of 40 A??, which corresponds to an osmotic efficiency ?? of 0.21 for the ambient pore water salinity of 3.5 g/l TDS. These values largely confirm the results of the earlier equilibrium analysis. However, the new model analysis provides additional constraints suggesting that intrinsic permeability k = 1.4 ?? 10-19 m2, specific storage Ss = 1.7 ?? 10-5 m-1, and diffusion coefficient D* = 6 ?? 10-11 m2/s. The k value is larger than certain independent estimates which range from 10-21 to 10-20; it may indicate opening of microcracks during the experiments. The fact that the complex transient pressure and concentration behavior for the individual wells could be reproduced quite accurately, and the inferred parameter values appear to be realistic for the Pierre Shale, suggests that the new model is a useful tool for modeling transient coupled flows in groundwater systems. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Garavito, A., Kooi, H., and Neuzil, C., 2006, Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota: Advances in Water Resources, v. 29, no. 3, p. 481-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004.","startPage":"481","endPage":"492","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.004"},{"id":239532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68f4e4b0c8380cd73aab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garavito, A.M.","contributorId":68108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garavito","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kooi, H.","contributorId":83336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kooi","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030671,"text":"70030671 - 2006 - Rocks of the Columbia Hills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:55:08","indexId":"70030671","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rocks of the Columbia Hills","docAbstract":"The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has identified five distinct rock types in the Columbia Hills of Gusev crater. Clovis Class rock is a poorly sorted clastic rock that has undergone substantial aqueous alteration. We interpret it to be aqueously altered ejecta deposits formed by impacts into basaltic materials. Wishstone Class rock is also a poorly sorted clastic rock that has a distinctive chemical composition that is high in Ti and P and low in Cr. Wishstone Class rock may be pyroclastic or impact in origin. Peace Class rock is a sedimentary material composed of ultramafic sand grains cemented by significant quantities of Mg- and Ca-sulfates. Peace Class rock may have formed when water briefly saturated the ultramafic sands and evaporated to allow precipitation of the sulfates. Watchtower Class rocks are similar chemically to Wishstone Class rocks and have undergone widely varying degrees of near-isochemical aqueous alteration. They may also be ejecta deposits, formed by impacts into Wishstone-rich materials and altered by small amounts of water. Backstay Class rocks are basalt/trachybasalt lavas that were emplaced in the Columbia Hills after the other rock classes were, either as impact ejecta or by localized volcanic activity. The geologic record preserved in the rocks of the Columbia Hills reveals a period very early in Martian history in which volcanic materials were widespread, impact was a dominant process, and water was commonly present.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002562","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Squyres, S.W., Arvidson, R., Blaney, D., Clark, B.C., Crumpler, L., Farrand, W.H., Gorevan, S., Herkenhoff, K.E., Hurowitz, J., Kusack, A., McSween, H., Ming, D.W., Morris, R., Ruff, S.W., Wang, A., and Yen, A., 2006, Rocks of the Columbia Hills: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E2, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002562.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211964,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002562"}],"otherGeospatial":"Columbia Hills; Mars","volume":"111","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae19e4b0c8380cd87014","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blaney, D.L.","contributorId":43477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaney","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, B. C.","contributorId":39918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crumpler, L.","contributorId":59545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpler","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gorevan, S.","contributorId":7886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorevan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hurowitz, J.","contributorId":17742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurowitz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kusack, A.","contributorId":52398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusack","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McSween, H.Y.","contributorId":64370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSween","given":"H.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ming, D. W.","contributorId":96811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ruff, S. W.","contributorId":63136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wang, A.","contributorId":46735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Yen, A.","contributorId":76054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70031151,"text":"70031151 - 2006 - Geochemistry and source waters of rock glacier outflow, Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70031151","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3032,"text":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and source waters of rock glacier outflow, Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"We characterize the seasonal variation in the geochemical and isotopic content of the outflow of the Green Lake 5 rock glacier (RG5), located in the Green Lakes Valley of the Colorado Front Range, USA. Between June and August, the geochemical content of rock glacier outflow does not appear to differ substantially from that of other surface waters in the Green Lakes Valley. Thus, for this alpine ecosystem at this time of year there does not appear to be large differences in water quality among rock glacier outflow, glacier and blockslope discharge, and discharge from small alpine catchments. However, in September concentrations of Mg2+ in the outflow of the rock glacier increased to more than 900 ??eq L-1 compared to values of less than 40 ??eq L-1 at all the other sites, concentrations of Ca2+ were greater than 4,000 ??eq L-1 compared to maximum values of less than 200 ??eq L-1 at all other sites, and concentrations of SO42- reached 7,000 ??eq L-1, compared to maximum concentrations below 120 ??eq L-1 at the other sites. Inverse geochemical modelling suggests that dissolution of pyrite, epidote, chlorite and minor calcite as well as the precipitation of silica and goethite best explain these elevated concentrations of solutes in the outflow of the rock glacier. Three component hydrograph separation using end-member mixing analysis shows that melted snow comprised an average of 30% of RG5 outflow, soil water 32%, and base flow 38%. Snow was the dominant source water in June, soil water was the dominant water source in July, and base flow was the dominant source in September. Enrichment of ?? 18O from - 10??? in the outflow of the rock glacier compared to -20??? in snow and enrichment of deuterium excess from +17.5??? in rock glacier outflow compared to +11??? in snow, suggests that melt of internal ice that had undergone multiple melt/freeze episodes was the dominant source of base flow. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/ppp.535","issn":"10456740","usgsCitation":"Williams, M., Knauf, M., Caine, N., Liu, F., and Verplanck, P., 2006, Geochemistry and source waters of rock glacier outflow, Colorado Front Range: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, v. 17, no. 1, p. 13-33, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.535.","startPage":"13","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211652,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.535"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16e0e4b0c8380cd552c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, M.W.","contributorId":15565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knauf, M.","contributorId":77360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knauf","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caine, N.","contributorId":34881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, F.","contributorId":14150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030457,"text":"70030457 - 2006 - Habitat use by a Midwestern U.S.A. riverine fish assemblage: effects of season, water temperature and river discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T16:18:56","indexId":"70030457","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by a Midwestern U.S.A. riverine fish assemblage: effects of season, water temperature and river discharge","docAbstract":"The hypothesis that temperate stream fishes alter habitat use in response to changing water temperature and stream discharge was evaluated over a 1 year period in the Neosho River, Kansas, U.S.A. at two spatial scales. Winter patterns differed from those of all other seasons, with shallower water used less frequently, and low-flow habitat more frequently, than at other times. Non-random habitat use was more frequent at the point scale (4.5 m2) than at the larger reach scale (20-40 m), although patterns at both scales were similar. Relative to available habitats, assemblages used shallower, swifter-flowing water as temperature increased, and shallower, slower-flowing water as river discharge increased. River discharge had a stronger effect on assemblage habitat use than water temperature. Proportion of juveniles in the assemblage did not have a significant effect. This study suggests that many riverine fishes shift habitats in response to changing environmental conditions, and supports, at the assemblage level, the paradigm of lotic fishes switching from shallower, high-velocity habitats in summer to deeper, low-velocity habitats in winter, and of using shallower, low-velocity habitats during periods of high discharge. Results also indicate that different species within temperate river fish assemblages show similar habitat use patterns at multiple scales in response to environmental gradients, but that non-random use of available habitats is more frequent at small scales. ?? 2006 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.001037.x","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Gillette, D., Tiemann, J., Edds, D., and Wildhaber, M., 2006, Habitat use by a Midwestern U.S.A. riverine fish assemblage: effects of season, water temperature and river discharge: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 68, no. 5, p. 1494-1512, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.001037.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1494","endPage":"1512","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.001037.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Neosho River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 38.67371706140244\n ],\n [\n -96.50527954101562,\n 38.64583568648869\n ],\n [\n -96.29104614257812,\n 38.44821130413263\n ],\n [\n -96.07681274414062,\n 38.3793451359944\n ],\n [\n -96.05621337890625,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -96.26083374023438,\n 38.495518711354016\n ],\n [\n -96.4654541015625,\n 38.66299474019031\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 38.67371706140244\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f3ce4b0c8380cd5cbe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillette, D.P.","contributorId":97686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillette","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiemann, J.S.","contributorId":64865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiemann","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edds, D.R.","contributorId":68520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edds","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030974,"text":"70030974 - 2006 - Land-use effects on erosion, sediment yields, and reservoir sedimentation: A case study in the Lago Loiza Basin, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-07T11:56:26.762221","indexId":"70030974","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3059,"text":"Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land-use effects on erosion, sediment yields, and reservoir sedimentation: A case study in the Lago Loiza Basin, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Lago Loíza impounded in 1953 to supply San Juan, Puerto Rico, with drinking water; by 1994, it had lost 47% of its capacity. To characterize sedimentation in Lago Loíza, a study combining land-use history, hillslope erosion rates, and subbasin sediment yields was conducted. Sedimentation rates during the early part of the reservoir’s operation (1953– 1963) were slightly higher than the rates during 1964–1990. In the early history of the reservoir, cropland comprised 48% of the basin and erosion rates were high. Following economic shifts during the 1960s, cropland was abandoned and replaced by forest, which increased from 7.6% in 1950 to 20.6% in 1987. These land-use changes follow a pattern similar to the northeastern United States. Population in the Lago Loíza Basin increased 77% from 1950 to 1990, and housing units increased 194%. Sheetwash erosion measured from 1991 to 1993 showed construction sites had the highest sediment concentration (61,400 ppm), followed by cropland (47,400 ppm), pasture (3510 ppm), and forest (2050 ppm). This study illustrates how a variety of tools and approaches can be used to understand the complex interaction between land use, upland erosion, fluvial sediment transport and storage, and reservoir sedimentation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0272-3646.27.1.39","issn":"02723646","usgsCitation":"Gellis, A.C., Webb, R., McIntyre, S.C., and Wolfe, W.J., 2006, Land-use effects on erosion, sediment yields, and reservoir sedimentation: A case study in the Lago Loiza Basin, Puerto Rico: Physical Geography, v. 27, no. 1, p. 39-69, https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3646.27.1.39.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"69","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Lago Loíza basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.08482360839844,\n 18.116486967618844\n ],\n [\n -65.84312438964844,\n 18.116486967618844\n ],\n [\n -65.84312438964844,\n 18.364300951402384\n ],\n [\n -66.08482360839844,\n 18.364300951402384\n ],\n [\n -66.08482360839844,\n 18.116486967618844\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43bee4b0c8380cd665a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gellis, Allen C. 0000-0002-3449-2889 agellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-2889","contributorId":197684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen","email":"agellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Richard M. T. 0000-0001-9531-2207","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-2207","contributorId":35772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Richard M. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntyre, S. C.","contributorId":85992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntyre","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. 0000-0002-3292-051X wjwolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-051X","contributorId":140060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030972,"text":"70030972 - 2006 - Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:38:39","indexId":"70030972","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber","docAbstract":"A portable chamber was used to separate evapotranspiration (ET) from a sparse, mixed‐species shrub canopy in southeastern Arizona, United States, into vegetation and soil components. Chamber measurements were made of ET from the five dominant species, and from bare soil, on 3 days during the monsoon season when the soil surface was dry. The chamber measurements were assembled into landscape ET using a simple geometric model of the vegetated land surface. Chamber estimates of landscape ET were well correlated with, but about 26% greater than, simultaneous eddy‐correlation measurements. Excessive air speed inside the chamber appears to be the primary cause of the overestimate. Overall, transpiration accounted for 84% of landscape ET, and bare soil evaporation for 16%. Desert zinnia, a small (∼0.1 m high) but abundant species, was the greatest water user, both per unit area of shrub and of landscape. Partitioning of ETinto components varied as a function of air temperature and shallow soil moisture. Transpiration from shorter species was more highly correlated with air temperature whereas transpiration from taller species was more highly correlated with shallow soil moisture. Application of these results to a full drying cycle between rainfalls at a similar site suggests that during the monsoon, ET at such sites may be about equally partitioned between transpiration and bare soil evaporation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004251","usgsCitation":"Stannard, D.I., and Weltz, M.A., 2006, Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 2, W02413; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004251.","productDescription":"W02413; 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477392,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004251","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a753ee4b0c8380cd77a77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stannard, David I. distanna@usgs.gov","contributorId":562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"distanna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weltz, Mark A.","contributorId":75790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weltz","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030471,"text":"70030471 - 2006 - Geophysical monitoring of a field-scale biostimulation pilot project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T07:07:05","indexId":"70030471","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical monitoring of a field-scale biostimulation pilot project","docAbstract":"The USGS conducted a geophysical investigation in support of a U.S. Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Southern Division field‐scale biostimulation pilot project at Anoka County Riverfront Park (ACP), downgradient of the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, Fridley, Minnesota. The goal of the pilot project is to evaluate subsurface injection of vegetable oil emulsion (VOE) to stimulate microbial degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. To monitor the emplacement and movement of the VOE and changes in water chemistry resulting from VOE dissolution and/or enhanced biological activity, the USGS acquired cross‐hole radar zero‐offset profiles, traveltime tomograms, and borehole geophysical logs during five site visits over 1.5 years. Analysis of pre‐ and postinjection data sets using petrophysical models developed to estimate VOE saturation and changes in total dissolved solids provides insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of VOE and ground water with altered chemistry. Radar slowness‐difference tomograms and zero‐offset slowness profiles indicate that the VOE remained close to the injection wells, whereas radar attenuation profiles and electromagnetic induction logs indicate that bulk electrical conductivity increased downgradient of the injection zone, diagnostic of changing water chemistry. Geophysical logs indicate that some screened intervals were located above or below zones of elevated dissolved solids; hence, the geophysical data provide a broader context for interpretation of water samples and evaluation of the biostimulation effort. Our results include (1) demonstration of field and data analysis methods for geophysical monitoring of VOE biostimulation and (2) site‐specific insights into the spatial and temporal distributions of VOE at the ACP.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., 2006, Side channel mapping and fish habitat suitability analysis using LIDAR topography and orthophotography: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 71, no. 11, p. 1202-1206.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1202","endPage":"1206","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5dce4b0ee97d51a8402","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J. L.","contributorId":27065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028977,"text":"70028977 - 2006 - River-aquifer interactions, geologic heterogeneity, and low-flow management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028977","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"River-aquifer interactions, geologic heterogeneity, and low-flow management","docAbstract":"Low river flows are commonly controlled by river-aquifer exchange, the magnitude of which is governed by hydraulic properties of both aquifer and aquitard materials beneath the river. Low flows are often important ecologically. Numerical simulations were used to assess how textural heterogeneity of an alluvial system influences river seepage and low flows. The Cosumnes River in California was used as a test case. Declining fall flows in the Cosumnes River have threatened Chinook salmon runs. A ground water-surface water model for the lower river basin was developed, which incorporates detailed geostatistical simulations of aquifer heterogeneity. Six different realizations of heterogeneity and a homogenous model were run for a 3-year period. Net annual seepage from the river was found to be similar among the models. However, spatial distribution of seepage along the channel, water table configuration and the level of local connection, and disconnection between the river and aquifer showed strong variations among the different heterogeneous models. Most importantly, the heterogeneous models suggest that river seepage losses can be reduced by local reconnections, even when the regional water table remains well below the riverbed. The percentage of river channel responsible for 50% of total river seepage ranged from 10% to 26% in the heterogeneous models as opposed to 23% in the homogeneous model. Differences in seepage between the models resulted in up to 13 d difference in the number of days the river was open for salmon migration during the critical fall months in one given year. Copyright ?? 2006 The Author(s).","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00190.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Fleckenstein, J., Niswonger, R., and Fogg, G., 2006, River-aquifer interactions, geologic heterogeneity, and low-flow management, in Ground Water, v. 44, no. 6, p. 837-852, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00190.x.","startPage":"837","endPage":"852","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209858,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00190.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadbbe4b0c8380cd86f72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleckenstein, J.H.","contributorId":67273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleckenstein","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, R.G.","contributorId":103393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fogg, G.E.","contributorId":58379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030662,"text":"70030662 - 2006 - Puhimau thermal area: a window into the upper east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T11:30:28","indexId":"70030662","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Puhimau thermal area: a window into the upper east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii?","docAbstract":"We report the results of two soil CO2 efflux surveys by the closed chamber circulation method at the Puhimau thermal area in the upper East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The surveys were undertaken in 1996 and 1998 to constrain how much CO2 might be reaching the ERZ after degassing beneath the summit caldera and whether the Puhimau thermal area might be a significant contributor to the overall CO2 budget of Kilauea. The area was revisited in 2001 to determine the effects of surface disturbance on efflux values by the collar emplacement technique utilized in the earlier surveys. Utilizing a cutoff value of 50 g m−2 d−1 for the surrounding forest background efflux, the CO2 emission rates for the anomaly at Puhimau thermal area were 27 t d−1 in 1996 and 17 t d−1 in 1998. Water vapor was removed before analysis in all cases in order to obtain CO2 values on a dry air basis and mitigate the effect of water vapor dilution on the measurements. It is clear that Puhimau thermal area is not a significant contributor to Kilauea's CO2 output and that most of Kilauea's CO2 (8500 t d−1) is degassed at the summit, leaving only magma with its remaining stored volatiles, such as SO2, for injection down the ERZ. Because of the low CO2 emission rate and the presence of a shallow water table in the upper ERZ that effectively scrubs SO2 and other acid gases, Puhimau thermal area currently does not appear to be generally well suited for observing temporal changes in degassing at Kilauea.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-006-0036-z","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"McGee, K., Sutton, A.J., Elias, T., Doukas, M., and Gerlach, T., 2006, Puhimau thermal area: a window into the upper east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii?: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 163, no. 4, p. 837-851, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-006-0036-z.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"837","endPage":"851","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.34530639648438,\n 19.24632927300332\n ],\n [\n -155.34530639648438,\n 19.449759112405612\n ],\n [\n -154.85504150390625,\n 19.449759112405612\n ],\n [\n -154.85504150390625,\n 19.24632927300332\n ],\n [\n -155.34530639648438,\n 19.24632927300332\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"163","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9022e4b0c8380cd7fb5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, K.A.","contributorId":6059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doukas, M.P.","contributorId":28615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030652,"text":"70030652 - 2006 - The vertical hydraulic conductivity of an aquitard at two spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030652","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The vertical hydraulic conductivity of an aquitard at two spatial scales","docAbstract":"Aquitards protect underlying aquifers from contaminants and limit recharge to those aquifers. Understanding the mechanisms and quantity of ground water flow across aquitards to underlying aquifers is essential for ground water planning and assessment. We present results of laboratory testing for shale hydraulic conductivities, a methodology for determining the vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) of aquitards at regional scales and demonstrate the importance of discrete flow pathways across aquitards. A regional shale aquitard in southeastern Wisconsin, the Maquoketa Formation, was studied to define the role that an aquitard plays in a regional ground water flow system. Calibration of a regional ground water flow model for southeastern Wisconsin using both predevelopment steady-state and transient targets suggested that the regional Kv of the Maquoketa Formation is 1.8 ?? 10 -11 m/s. The core-scale measurements of the Kv of the Maquoketa Formation range from 1.8 ?? 10-14 to 4.1 ?? 10-12 m/s. Flow through some additional pathways in the shale, potential fractures or open boreholes, can explain the apparent increase of the regional-scale Kv. Based on well logs, erosional windows or high-conductivity zones seem unlikely pathways. Fractures cutting through the entire thickness of the shale spaced 5 km apart with an aperture of 50 microns could provide enough flow across the aquitard to match that provided by an equivalent bulk Kv of 1.8 ?? 10-11 m/s. In a similar fashion, only 50 wells of 0.1 m radius open to aquifers above and below the shale and evenly spaced 10 km apart across southeastern Wisconsin can match the model Kv. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00125.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hart, D., Bradbury, K.R., and Feinstein, D.T., 2006, The vertical hydraulic conductivity of an aquitard at two spatial scales: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 2, p. 201-211, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00125.x.","startPage":"201","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212161,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00125.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1bae4b08c986b3253c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, D.J.","contributorId":92492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, K. R.","contributorId":86070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feinstein, D. T.","contributorId":47328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinstein","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030651,"text":"70030651 - 2006 - Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030651","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004","docAbstract":"Twenty-three snow-course sites in and near Maine, USA, with records spanning at least 50 years through to 2004 were tested for changes over time in snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in March and April. Of the 23 sites, 18 had a significant decrease (Mann-Kendall test, p < 0??1) in snowpack depth or a significant increase in snowpack density over time. Data from four sites in the mountains of western Maine-northern New Hampshire with mostly complete records from 1926 to 2004 indicate that average snowpack depths have decreased by about 16% and densities have increased by about 11%. Average snowpack depths and water equivalents in western Maine-northern New Hampshire peaked in the 1950s and 1960s, and densities peaked in the most recent decade. Previous studies in western North America also found a water-equivalent peak in the third quarter of the 20th century. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6111","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G., and Dudley, R.W., 2006, Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004, in Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 4, p. 741-751, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6111.","startPage":"741","endPage":"751","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6111"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f41ae4b0c8380cd4bb3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, G.A.","contributorId":14022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, R. W.","contributorId":90780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029002,"text":"70029002 - 2006 - Evidence that sea lamprey control led to recovery of the burbot population in Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:21:26","indexId":"70029002","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence that sea lamprey control led to recovery of the burbot population in Lake Erie","docAbstract":"Between 1987 and 2003, the abundance of burbot Lota lota in eastern Lake Erie increased significantly, especially in Ontario waters. We considered four hypotheses to explain this increase: (1) reduced competition with lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, the other major coldwater piscivore in Lake Erie; (2) increased abundance of the two main prey species, rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and round goby Neogobius melanostomus; (3) reduced interference with burbot reproduction by alewives Alosa pseudoharengus; and (4) reduced predation by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus on burbot. Species abundance data did not support the first three hypotheses. Our results suggested that the apparent recovery of the burbot population of Lake Erie was driven by effective sea lamprey control. Sea lamprey predation appeared to be the common factor affecting burbot abundance in Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. In addition, relatively high alewife density probably depressed burbot abundance in Lakes Ontario and Michigan. We propose that a healthy adult lake trout population may augment burbot recovery in some lakes by serving as a buffer against sea lamprey predation and will not negatively impact burbot through competition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T05-066.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M., Madenjian, C., and Witzel, L., 2006, Evidence that sea lamprey control led to recovery of the burbot population in Lake Erie: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 135, no. 4, p. 1033-1043, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-066.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1033","endPage":"1043","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209965,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-066.1"},{"id":236735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d73e4b0c8380cd53018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, M.A.","contributorId":65437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witzel, L.D.","contributorId":70324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzel","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030838,"text":"70030838 - 2006 - Denitrification potential in stream sediments impacted by acid mine drainage: Effects of pH, various electron donors, and iron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T07:54:16","indexId":"70030838","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification potential in stream sediments impacted by acid mine drainage: Effects of pH, various electron donors, and iron","docAbstract":"Acid mine drainage (AMD) contaminates thousands of kilometers of stream in the western United States. At the same time, nitrogen loading to many mountain watersheds is increasing because of atmospheric deposition of nitrate and increased human use. Relatively little is known about nitrogen cycling in acidic, heavy-metal-laden streams; however, it has been reported that one key process, denitrification, is inhibited under low pH conditions. The objective of this research was to investigate the capacity for denitrification in acidified streams. Denitrification potential was assessed in sediments from several Colorado AMD-impacted streams, ranging from pH 2.60 to 4.54, using microcosm incubations with fresh sediment. Added nitrate was immediately reduced to nitrogen gas without a lag period, indicating that denitrification enzymes were expressed and functional in these systems. First-order denitrification potential rate constants varied from 0.046 to 2.964 day−1. The pH of the microcosm water increased between 0.23 and 1.49 pH units during denitrification. Additional microcosm studies were conducted to examine the effects of initial pH, various electron donors, and iron (added as ferrous and ferric iron). Decreasing initial pH decreased denitrification; however, increasing pH had little effect on denitrification rates. The addition of ferric and ferrous iron decreased observed denitrification potential rate constants. The addition of glucose and natural organic matter stimulated denitrification potential. The addition of hydrogen had little effect, however, and denitrification activity in the microcosms decreased after acetate addition. These results suggest that denitrification can occur in AMD streams, and if stimulated within the environment, denitrification might reduce acidity.
Increasing demands on water resources in arid environments make reclamation and reuse of municipal wastewater an important component of the water budget. Treatment wetlands can be an integral part of the water-reuse cycle providing both water-quality enhancement and habitat functions. When used for habitat, the bioaccumulation potential of contaminants in the wastewater is a critical consideration. Water and fish samples collected from the Tres Rios Demonstration Constructed Wetlands near Phoenix, Arizona, which uses secondary-treated wastewater to maintain an aquatic ecosystem in a desert environment, were analyzed for hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) and trace elements. Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD) were deployed to investigate uptake of HOC. The wetlands effectively removed HOC, and concentrations of herbicides, pesticides, and organic wastewater contaminants decreased 40−99% between inlet and outlet. Analysis of Tilapia mossambica and Gambusia affinis indicated accumulation of HOC, including p,p‘-DDE and trans-nonachlor. The SPMD accumulated the HOC detected in the fish tissue as well as additional compounds. Trace-element concentrations in whole-fish tissue were highly variable, but were similar between the two species. Concentrations of HOC and trace elements varied in different fish tissue compartments, and concentrations in Tilapia liver tissue were greater than those in the whole organism or filet tissue. Bioconcentration factors for the trace elements ranged from 5 to 58 000 and for the HOC ranged from 530 to 150 000.