Coal-bed methane (CBM) co-produced discharge waters in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, resulting from extraction of methane from coal seams, have become a priority for chemical, hydrological and biological research during the last few years. Soil and vegetation samples were taken from affected and reference sites (upland elevations and wetted gully) in Juniper Draw to investigate the effects of CBM discharge waters on soil physical and chemical properties and on native and introduced vegetation density and diversity. Results indicate an increase of salinity and sodicity within local soil ecosystems at sites directly exposed to CBM discharge waters. Elevated concentrations of sodium in the soil are correlated with consistent exposure to CBM waters. Clay-loam soils in the study area have a much larger specific surface area than the sandy soils and facilitate a greater sodium adsorption. However, there was no significant relation between increasing water sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values and increasing sediment SAR values downstream; however, soils exposed to the CBM water ranged from the moderate to severe SAR hazard index. Native vegetation species density was highest at the reference (upland and gully) and CBM affected upland sites. The affected gully had the greatest percent composition of introduced vegetation species. Salt-tolerant species had the greatest richness at the affected gully, implying a potential threat of invasion and competition to established native vegetation. These findings suggest that CBM waters could affect agricultural production operations and long-term water quality.
A set of conceptually derived in‐bank river discharge–estimating equations (models), based on the Manning and Chezy equations, are calibrated and validated using a database of 1037 discharge measurements in 103 rivers in the United States and New Zealand. The models are compared to a multiple regression model derived from the same data. The comparison demonstrates that in natural rivers, using an exponent on the slope variable of 0.33 rather than the traditional value of 0.5 reduces the variance associated with estimating flow resistance. Mean model uncertainty, assuming a constant value for the conductance coefficient, is less than 5% for a large number of estimates, and 67% of the estimates would be accurate within 50%. The models have potential application where site‐specific flow resistance information is not available and can be the basis for (1) a general approach to estimating discharge from remotely sensed hydraulic data, (2) comparison to slope‐area discharge estimates, and (3) large‐scale river modeling.
The assessment of biotic responses to habitat disturbance and fragmentation generally has been limited to analyses at a single spatial scale. Furthermore, methods to compare responses between scales have lacked the ability to discriminate among patterns related to the identity, strength, or direction of associations of biotic variables with landscape attributes. We present an examination of the relationship of population- and community-level characteristics of phyllostomid bats with habitat features that were measured at multiple spatial scales in Atlantic rain forest of eastern Paraguay. We used a matrix of partial correlations between each biotic response variable (i.e., species abundance, species richness, and evenness) and a suite of landscape characteristics to represent the multifaceted associations of bats with spatial structure. Correlation matrices can correspond based on either the strength (i.e., magnitude) or direction (i.e., sign) of association. Therefore, a simulation model independently evaluated correspondence in the magnitude and sign of correlations among scales, and results were combined via a meta-analysis to provide an overall test of significance. Our approach detected both species-specific differences in response to landscape structure and scale dependence in those responses. This matrix–simulation approach has broad applicability to ecological situations in which multiple intercorrelated factors contribute to patterns in space or time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/04-0532","usgsCitation":"Gorresen, P.M., Willig, M.R., and Strauss, R.E., 2005, Multivariate analysis of scale-dependent associations between bats and landscape structure: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 6, p. 2126-2136, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0532.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2126","endPage":"2136","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60b5e4b0c8380cd71637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorresen, P. M. mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":18552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willig, M. R.","contributorId":68517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willig","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strauss, R. E.","contributorId":50722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauss","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027562,"text":"70027562 - 2005 - Viscoelasticity, postseismic slip, fault interactions, and the recurrence of large earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70027562","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viscoelasticity, postseismic slip, fault interactions, and the recurrence of large earthquakes","docAbstract":"The Brownian Passage Time (BPT) model for earthquake recurrence is modified to include transient deformation due to either viscoelasticity or deep post seismic slip. Both of these processes act to increase the rate of loading on the seismogenic fault for some time after a large event. To approximate these effects, a decaying exponential term is added to the BPT model's uniform loading term. The resulting interevent time distributions remain approximately lognormal, but the balance between the level of noise (e.g., unknown fault interactions) and the coefficient of variability of the interevent time distribution changes depending on the shape of the loading function. For a given level of noise in the loading process, transient deformation has the effect of increasing the coefficient of variability of earthquake interevent times. Conversely, the level of noise needed to achieve a given level of variability is reduced when transient deformation is included. Using less noise would then increase the effect of known fault interactions modeled as stress or strain steps because they would be larger with respect to the noise. If we only seek to estimate the shape of the interevent time distribution from observed earthquake occurrences, then the use of a transient deformation model will not dramatically change the results of a probability study because a similar shaped distribution can be achieved with either uniform or transient loading functions. However, if the goal is to estimate earthquake probabilities based on our increasing understanding of the seismogenic process, including earthquake interactions, then including transient deformation is important to obtain accurate results. For example, a loading curve based on the 1906 earthquake, paleoseismic observations of prior events, and observations of recent deformation in the San Francisco Bay region produces a 40% greater variability in earthquake recurrence than a uniform loading model with the same noise level.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120030208","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Michael, A., 2005, Viscoelasticity, postseismic slip, fault interactions, and the recurrence of large earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 5, p. 1594-1603, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030208.","startPage":"1594","endPage":"1603","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211193,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120030208"}],"volume":"95","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc287e4b08c986b32abc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027542,"text":"70027542 - 2005 - Bulk sediment Qp and Qs in the Mississippi embayment, central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T18:47:32.860638","indexId":"70027542","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Bulk sediment Qp and Qs in the Mississippi embayment, central United States","title":"Bulk sediment Qp and Qs in the Mississippi embayment, central United States","docAbstract":"We have estimated P-wave and S-wave anelastic attenuation coefficients for the thick, unconsolidated sediments of the Mississippi embayment, central United States, using the spectral distance decay of explosion P and Rayleigh waves. The sediment-trapped P wave, Psed, is observed to ranges of 80 km at 10 Hz, and 1-Hz Rayleigh waves are observed out to 130 km from a 5000-lb borehole explosion in the northern part of the embayment. Rayleigh waves of 4 Hz are seen to distances of 3 km from a smaller 50-lb explosion. Analysis of the group velocity and amplitude-distance decay of both waves yields an average Qs of 100 and Qp of 200 for embayment sediments that are independent of frequency. Scatter in the Q estimates comes from interference of multiple P-wave reverberations and Rayleigh-wave modes. The attenuation model is self-consistent in that it is the same as obtained by the analysis of synthetic seismograms using the inferred Q-values. Inferred Qp and Qs values are more than three times higher than previous estimates and imply that unconsolidated sediments of the embayment do not significantly attenuate small-strain earthquake ground motions. These estimates represent a lower bound to Q of the sediments since significant scattering is observed in the waveform data that contributes to the distance decay of wave amplitude. Higher Q values also imply that the unconsolidated sediments of the embayment will form an efficient wave guide for surface waves radiated from shallow earthquakes or large earthquakes that rupture into the sediments, producing high-amplitude, long-duration wave trains that should be considered in earthquake hazard assessments.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120050047","issn":"","usgsCitation":"Langston, C., Bodin, P., Powell, C., Withers, M., Horton, S., and Mooney, W.D., 2005, Bulk sediment Qp and Qs in the Mississippi embayment, central United States: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 6, p. 2162-2179, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050047.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2162","endPage":"2179","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 34.75966612466248\n ],\n [\n -88.74755859375,\n 34.75966612466248\n ],\n [\n -88.74755859375,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 34.75966612466248\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2aee4b0c8380cd4b2c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langston, C.A.","contributorId":84882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langston","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, C.","contributorId":56849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Withers, M.","contributorId":27667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Withers","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horton, S.","contributorId":20146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029697,"text":"70029697 - 2005 - Indoor radon risk potential of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029697","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2439,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Indoor radon risk potential of Hawaii","docAbstract":"A comprehensive evaluation of radon risk potential in the State of Hawaii indicates that the potential for Hawaii is low. Using a combination of factors including geology, soils, source-rock type, soil-gas radon concentrations, and indoor measurements throughout the state, a general model was developed that permits prediction for various regions in Hawaii. For the nearly 3,100 counties in the coterminous U.S., National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) aerorad data was the primary input factor. However, NURE aerorad data was not collected in Hawaii, therefore, this study used geology and soil type as the primary and secondary components of potential prediction. Although the radon potential of some Hawaiian soils suggests moderate risk, most houses are built above ground level and the radon soil potential is effectively decoupled from the house. Only underground facilities or those with closed or recirculating ventilation systems might have elevated radon potential. ?? 2005 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10967-005-0722-9","issn":"02365731","usgsCitation":"Reimer, G., and Szarzi, S., 2005, Indoor radon risk potential of Hawaii: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 264, no. 2, p. 365-369, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-005-0722-9.","startPage":"365","endPage":"369","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212799,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-005-0722-9"},{"id":240341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"264","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3aa5e4b0c8380cd61e55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimer, G.M.","contributorId":59800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szarzi, S.L.","contributorId":6860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szarzi","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029693,"text":"70029693 - 2005 - Application of wavelet analysis for monitoring the hydrologic effects of dam operation: Glen canyon dam and the Colorado River at lees ferry, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029693","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of wavelet analysis for monitoring the hydrologic effects of dam operation: Glen canyon dam and the Colorado River at lees ferry, Arizona","docAbstract":"Wavelet analysis is a powerful tool with which to analyse the hydrologic effects of dam construction and operation on river systems. Using continuous records of instantaneous discharge from the Lees Ferry gauging station and records of daily mean discharge from upstream tributaries, we conducted wavelet analyses of the hydrologic structure of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. The wavelet power spectrum (WPS) of daily mean discharge provided a highly compressed and integrative picture of the post-dam elimination of pronounced annual and sub-annual flow features. The WPS of the continuous record showed the influence of diurnal and weekly power generation cycles, shifts in discharge management, and the 1996 experimental flood in the post-dam period. Normalization of the WPS by local wavelet spectra revealed the fine structure of modulation in discharge scale and amplitude and provides an extremely efficient tool with which to assess the relationships among hydrologic cycles and ecological and geomorphic systems. We extended our analysis to sections of the Snake River and showed how wavelet analysis can be used as a data mining technique. The wavelet approach is an especially promising tool with which to assess dam operation in less well-studied regions and to evaluate management attempts to reconstruct desired flow characteristics. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.827","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"White, M., Schmidt, J.C., and Topping, D., 2005, Application of wavelet analysis for monitoring the hydrologic effects of dam operation: Glen canyon dam and the Colorado River at lees ferry, Arizona: River Research and Applications, v. 21, no. 5, p. 551-565, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.827.","startPage":"551","endPage":"565","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212735,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.827"}],"volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecc1e4b0c8380cd49473","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, M.A.","contributorId":8312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, J. C.","contributorId":60245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Topping, D.J. 0000-0002-2104-4577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":53927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029685,"text":"70029685 - 2005 - Biochemical effects of lead, zinc, and cadmium from mining on fish in the Tri-States district of northeastern Oklahoma, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T14:37:32","indexId":"70029685","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biochemical effects of lead, zinc, and cadmium from mining on fish in the Tri-States district of northeastern Oklahoma, USA","docAbstract":"We assessed the exposure of fish from the Spring and Neosho Rivers in northeast Oklahoma, USA, to lead, zinc, and cadmium from historical mining in the Tri-States Mining District (TSMD). Fish (n = 74) representing six species were collected in October 2001 from six sites on the Spring and Neosho Rivers influenced to differing degrees by mining. Additional samples were obtained from the Big River, a heavily contaminated stream in eastern Missouri, USA, and from reference sites. Blood from each fish was analyzed for Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, and hemoglobin (Hb). Blood also was analyzed for ??-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity. The activity of ALA-D, an enzyme involved in heme synthesis, is inhibited by Pb. Concentrations of Fe and Hb were highly correlated (r = 0.89, p < 0.01) across all species and locations and typically were greater in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) than in other taxa. Concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd typically were greatest in fish from sites most heavily affected by mining and lowest in reference samples. The activity of ALA-D, but not concentrations of Hb or Fe, also differed significantly (p < 0.01) among sites and species. Enzyme activity was lowest in fish from mining-contaminated sites and greatest in reference fish, and was correlated negatively with Pb in most species. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) linear regression models that included negative terms for blood Pb explained as much as 68% of the total variation in ALA-D activity, but differences among taxa were highly evident. Positive correlations with Zn were documented in the combined data for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), as has been reported for other taxa, but not in bass (Micropterus spp.) or carp. In channel catfish, ALA-D activity appeared to be more sensitive to blood Pb than in the other species investigated (i.e., threshold concentrations for inhibition were lower). Such among-species differences are consistent with previous studies. Enzyme activity was inhibited by more than 50% relative to reference sites in channel catfish from several TSMD sites. Collectively, our results indicate that Pb is both bioavailable and active biochemically in the Spring-Neosho River system. ?? 2005 SETAC.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/04-332R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C.J., Whyte, J.J., Brumbaugh, W.G., and Tillitt, D.E., 2005, Biochemical effects of lead, zinc, and cadmium from mining on fish in the Tri-States district of northeastern Oklahoma, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1483-1495, https://doi.org/10.1897/04-332R.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1483","endPage":"1495","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213112,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/04-332R.1"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f142e4b0c8380cd4ab28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whyte, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":100738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whyte","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029683,"text":"70029683 - 2005 - The effects of sea level and palaeotopography on lithofacies distribution and geometries in heterozoan carbonates, south-eastern Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70029683","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of sea level and palaeotopography on lithofacies distribution and geometries in heterozoan carbonates, south-eastern Spain","docAbstract":"This study utilized three-dimensional exposures to evaluate how sea-level position and palaeotopography control the facies and geometries of heterozoan carbonates. Heterozoan carbonates were deposited on top of a Neogene volcanic substrate characterized by palaeotopographic highs, palaeovalleys, and straits that were formed by subaerial erosion, possibly original volcanic topography, and faults prior to carbonate deposition. The depositional sequence that is the focus of this study (DS1B) consists of 7-10 fining upward cycles that developed in response to relative sea-level fluctuations. A complete cycle has a basal erosion surface overlain by deposits of debrisflows and high-density turbidity currents, which formed during relative sea-level fall. Overlying tractive deposits most likely formed during the lowest relative position of sea level. Overlying these are debrites grading upward to high-density turbidites and low-density turbidites that formed during relative sea-level rise. The tops of the cycles consist of hemipelagic deposits that formed during the highest relative position of sea level. The cycles fine upward because upslope carbonate production decreased as relative sea level rose due to less surface area available for shallow-water carbonate production and partial drowning of substrates. The cycles are dominated by two end-member types of facies associations and stratal geometries that formed in response to fluctuating sea-level position over variable substrate palaeotopography. One end-member is termed 'flank flow cycle' because this type of cycle indicates dominant sediment transport down the flanks of palaeovalleys. Those cycles drape the substrate, have more debrites, high-density turbidites and erosion on palaeovalley flanks, and in general, the lithofacies fine down the palaeovalley flanks into the palaeovalley axes. The second end-member is termed 'axial flow cycle' because it indicates a dominance of sediment transport down the axes of palaeovalleys. Those cycles are characterized by debrites and high-density turbidites in palaeovalley axes, and lap out of strata against the flanks of palaeovalleys. Where and when an axial flow cycle or flank flow cycle developed appears to be related to the intersection of sea level with areas of gentle or steep substrate slopes, during an overall relative rise in sea level. Results from this study provide a model for similar systems that must combine carbonate principles for sediment production, palaeotopographic controls, and physical principles of sediment remobilization into deep water. ?? 2005 International Association of Sedimentologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00708.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., Franseen, E.K., and Goldstein, R., 2005, The effects of sea level and palaeotopography on lithofacies distribution and geometries in heterozoan carbonates, south-eastern Spain: Sedimentology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 513-536, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00708.x.","startPage":"513","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213082,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00708.x"},{"id":240670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab98e4b08c986b322f49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C.L.","contributorId":98546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franseen, E. K.","contributorId":30367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franseen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, R.H.","contributorId":18908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029682,"text":"70029682 - 2005 - Glacially-influenced late Pleistocene stratigraphy of a passive margin: New Jersey's Record of the North American ice sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70029682","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacially-influenced late Pleistocene stratigraphy of a passive margin: New Jersey's Record of the North American ice sheet","docAbstract":"Glacial isostasy and the sediment supply changes associated with the waxing and waning of ice sheets have dramatic effects on the stratigraphy of adjacent continental shelves. In ancient stratigraphic records, the glacial influences on such deposits could be difficult to recognize because of the removal of coeval terrestrial glacial deposits by erosion. This study illustrates the effects of the Laurentide Ice Sheet on a basin near its maximum limit, the New Jersey continental shelf. Analysis of 1600 km of Geopulse???, Uniboom???, Minisparker??? and airgun profiles reveals four depositional sequences that have a maximum thickness of ???75 m near the shelf edge. Sequences I and IV correspond to the major glacial-interglacial sea level changes at Marine Isotope Chron (MIC) 6/5e and 2/1, whereas sequences II and III reflect smaller-scale sea-level fluctuations during chrons 4/3c and 3b/3a, respectively. Sequences I and IV are characterized by relatively thick low stand to early transgressive deposits near the shelf edge formed during times of increased sediment supply, but are thin and discontinuous across much of the shelf. Reflection horizons in these units deepen northward in the northern half of the study area due to collapse of a peripheral bulge that formed at the margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The Hudson River moved from a more southerly drainage pattern to the modern Hudson Shelf Valley position, possibly under the influence of the advancing peripheral bulge. Sequences II and III are largely preserved within a broad mid-shelf swale likely created by the migration of an ancestral Hudson River, and their thickness implies much higher sedimentation rates during chrons 4 and 3 than seen today. If the terrestrial glacial record was eroded, the increased rates of sedimentation during the Pleistocene, dominance of sediments derived from northern New England, and northward tilting of strata could be interpreted as a result of uplift of a northern source area. The unusually high frequency of the relative sea-level oscillations (20 kyr), the concentration of sediment supply during low stands and early transgressions, and the correspondence of sea-level change with climatic change could be used to infer their relationship to a nearby ice sheet. Geologists studying deposits formed during times of widespread continental glaciation should consider possible glacial influences on the stratigraphy of mid-latitude deposits, even in the absence of sediments directly deposited by ice. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2005.04.006","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Carey, J., Sheridan, R.E., Ashley, G., and Uptegrove, J., 2005, Glacially-influenced late Pleistocene stratigraphy of a passive margin: New Jersey's Record of the North American ice sheet: Marine Geology, v. 218, no. 1-4, p. 155-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.04.006.","startPage":"155","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213056,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.04.006"},{"id":240639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"218","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a290de4b0c8380cd5a644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carey, J.S.","contributorId":49984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheridan, R. E.","contributorId":36681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ashley, G.M.","contributorId":99313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Uptegrove, J.","contributorId":78902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uptegrove","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029681,"text":"70029681 - 2005 - A moving hum filter to suppress rotor noise in high-resolution airborne magnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70029681","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A moving hum filter to suppress rotor noise in high-resolution airborne magnetic data","docAbstract":"A unique filtering approach is developed to eliminate helicopter rotor noise. It is designed to suppress harmonic noise from a rotor that varies slightly in amplitude, phase, and frequency and that contaminates aero-magnetic data. The filter provides a powerful harmonic noise-suppression tool for data acquired with modern large-dynamic-range recording systems. This three-step approach - polynomial fitting, bandpass filtering, and rotor-noise synthesis - significantly reduces rotor noise without altering the spectra of signals of interest. Two steps before hum filtering - polynomial fitting and bandpass filtering - are critical to accurately model the weak rotor noise. During rotor-noise synthesis, amplitude, phase, and frequency are determined. Data are processed segment by segment so that there is no limit on the length of data. The segment length changes dynamically along a line based on modeling results. Modeling the rotor noise is stable and efficient. Real-world data examples demonstrate that this method can suppress rotor noise by more than 95% when implemented in an aeromagnetic data-processing flow. ?? 2005 Society of Exploration Geophysicists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.1990216","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Doll, W., Miller, R., Gamey, T., and Emond, A., 2005, A moving hum filter to suppress rotor noise in high-resolution airborne magnetic data: Geophysics, v. 70, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1990216.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1990216"},{"id":240607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e489e4b0c8380cd466d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doll, W.E.","contributorId":69024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doll","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gamey, T.J.","contributorId":60921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamey","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Emond, A.M.","contributorId":91375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emond","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029680,"text":"70029680 - 2005 - A map overlay error model based on boundary geometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70029680","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1769,"text":"Geographical Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A map overlay error model based on boundary geometry","docAbstract":"An error model for quantifying the magnitudes and variability of errors generated in the areas of polygons during spatial overlay of vector geographic information system layers is presented. Numerical simulation of polygon boundary displacements was used to propagate coordinate errors to spatial overlays. The model departs from most previous error models in that it incorporates spatial dependence of coordinate errors at the scale of the boundary segment. It can be readily adapted to match the scale of error-boundary interactions responsible for error generation on a given overlay. The area of error generated by overlay depends on the sinuosity of polygon boundaries, as well as the magnitude of the coordinate errors on the input layers. Asymmetry in boundary shape has relatively little effect on error generation. Overlay errors are affected by real differences in boundary positions on the input layers, as well as errors in the boundary positions. Real differences between input layers tend to compensate for much of the error generated by coordinate errors. Thus, the area of change measured on an overlay layer produced by the XOR overlay operation will be more accurate if the area of real change depicted on the overlay is large. The model presented here considers these interactions, making it especially useful for estimating errors studies of landscape change over time. ?? 2005 The Ohio State University.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geographical Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1538-4632.2005.00585.x","issn":"00167363","usgsCitation":"Gaeuman, D., Symanzik, J., and Schmidt, J.C., 2005, A map overlay error model based on boundary geometry: Geographical Analysis, v. 37, no. 3, p. 350-369, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2005.00585.x.","startPage":"350","endPage":"369","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2005.00585.x"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e449e4b0c8380cd46552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaeuman, D.","contributorId":73807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaeuman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Symanzik, J.","contributorId":61651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symanzik","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, J. C.","contributorId":60245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029677,"text":"70029677 - 2005 - Integrating seismic reflection and geological data and interpretations across an internal basement massif: The southern Appalachian Pine Mountain window, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70029677","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating seismic reflection and geological data and interpretations across an internal basement massif: The southern Appalachian Pine Mountain window, USA","docAbstract":"The southern Appalachian Pine Mountain window exposes 1.1 Ga Grenvillian basement and its metasedimentary Paleozoic(?) cover through the allochthonous Inner Piedmont. The issue of whether the crustal block inside the window was either transported above the master Appalachian (late Alleghanian) de??collement or is an autochthonous block that was overridden by the de??collement has been debated for some time. New detrital zircon geochronologic data from the cover rocks inside the window suggest this crustal block was derived from Gondwana but docked with Laurentia before the Alleghanian event. Reprocessed deep seismic reflection data from west-central Georgia (pre- and poststack noise reduction, amplitude variation analysis, and prestack depth migration) indicate that a significant band of subhorizontal reflections occurs almost continuously beneath the window collinear with the originally recognized de??collement reflections north of the window. A marked variation in the de??collement image, from strong and coherent north of the window to more diffuse directly beneath the window, is likely a partial consequence of the different geology between the Inner Piedmont and the window. The more diffuse image beneath the window may also result from imaging problems related to changes in topography and fold of cover (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio). Two alternative tectonic models for the Pine Mountain window can partially account for the observed variation in the de??collement reflectivity. (1) The Pine Mountain block could be truncated below by a relatively smooth continuation of the de??collement. The window would thus expose an allochthonous basement duplex or horse-block thrust upward from the south along the Late Proterozoic rifted continental margin. (2) The window represents localized exhumation of autochthonous basement and cover along a zone of distributed intrabasement shearing directly beneath the window. Either model is viable if only reflector geometry is considered; model (1) is favored if both geometry and kinematics of Blue Ridge-Piedmont thrust sheet emplacement are incorporated. In either model, the southern margin of the window merges to the west with the Iapetan early Alleghanian Central Piedmont suture, which juxtaposes North American-affinity Piedmont rocks to the north and exotic Panafrican rocks of the Carolina (Avalon) terrane to the south. Immediately south of the window, this suture dips southward and merges in the lower crust with the late Alleghanian suture joining the Appalachians with Gondwana. ?? 2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25313.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"McBride, J., Hatcher, R., Stephenson, W.J., and Hooper, R., 2005, Integrating seismic reflection and geological data and interpretations across an internal basement massif: The southern Appalachian Pine Mountain window, USA: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 5-6, p. 669-686, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25313.1.","startPage":"669","endPage":"686","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212971,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25313.1"}],"volume":"117","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c85e4b0c8380cd62de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatcher, R. D. Jr.","contributorId":32736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"R. D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hooper, R.J.","contributorId":89354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029673,"text":"70029673 - 2005 - DUCKS: Low cost thermal monitoring units for near-vent deployment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T11:49:25","indexId":"70029673","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DUCKS: Low cost thermal monitoring units for near-vent deployment","docAbstract":"During 1999 we designed and tested a thermal monitoring system to provide a cheap, robust, modular, real-time system capable of surviving the hostile conditions encountered proximal to active volcanic vents. In November 2000 the first system was deployed at Pu'u 'O'o (Kilauea, Hawai'i) to target persistently active vents. Aside from some minor problems, such as sensor damage due to tampering, this system remained operational until January 2004. The success of the prototype system led us to use the blueprint for a second installation at Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy). This was deployed, dug into a bomb-proof bunker, during May 2002 and survived the April 2003 paroxysmal eruption despite being located just 250 m from the vent. In both cases, careful waterproofing of connectors and selection of suitable protection has prevented water damage and corrosion in the harsh atmosphere encountered at the crater rim.
The Pu'u 'O'o system cost ∼US$10,000 and comprises four modules: sensors, transmission and power hub, repeater station and reception site. The sensor component consists of three thermal infrared thermometers housed in Pelican™ cases fitted with Germanium–Arsenide–Selenium windows. Two 1° field of view(FOV) sensors allow specific vents to be targeted and a 60° FOV sensor provides a crater floor overview. A hard wire connection links to a Pelican™-case-housed microprocessor, modem and power module. From here data are transmitted, via a repeater site, to a dedicated PC at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Here data are displayed with a delay of ∼3 s between acquisition and display. The modular design allows for great flexibility. At Stromboli, 1° and 15° FOV sensor modules can be switched depending changes in activity style and crater geometry. In addition a direct line of site to the Stromboli reception center negates the repeater site requirement, reducing the cost to US$5500 for a single sensor system.
We have also constructed self-contained units with internal data loggers for US$1500/unit. These have been tested at Kilauea, Stromboli, Etna, Masaya, Santiaguito, Fuego, Pacaya, Poas, Soufriere Hills, Villarrica and Erta Ale. These instruments have proved capable of detecting thermal signals associated with: (1) gas emission; (2) gas jetting events; (3) crater floor collapse; (4) lava effusion; (5) lava flow in tubes; (6) lava lake activity; (7) lava dome activity; and (8) crater lake skin temperature.
","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.007","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Harris, A., Pirie, D., Horton, K., Garbeil, H., Pilger, E., Ramm, H., Hoblitt, R., Thornber, C., Ripepe, M., Marchetti, E., and Poggi, P., 2005, DUCKS: Low cost thermal monitoring units for near-vent deployment: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 143, no. 4, p. 335-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.007.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212884,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.007"}],"volume":"143","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd53e4b0c8380cd4e79c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, A.","contributorId":67703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pirie, D.","contributorId":59248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pirie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, K.","contributorId":28408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garbeil, H.","contributorId":103023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbeil","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pilger, E.","contributorId":86976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilger","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ramm, H.","contributorId":16227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramm","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":103738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thornber, C.","contributorId":28629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ripepe, M.","contributorId":46310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripepe","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Marchetti, E.","contributorId":19355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchetti","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Poggi, P.","contributorId":20982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poggi","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70029668,"text":"70029668 - 2005 - A spatial model of potential jaguar habitat in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-05T15:29:44","indexId":"70029668","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial model of potential jaguar habitat in Arizona","docAbstract":"The jaguar (Panthera onca) is an endangered species that occasionally visits the southwestern United States from Mexico. The number of jaguar sightings per decade has declined over the last 100 years in Arizona, USA, raising conservation concerns for the species at a local and national level. In 1997, state, federal, and local governments with land-management responsibilities agreed to characterize and identify potential jaguar habitat in Arizona and New Mexico. Specifically, the objectives of our analysis were 2-fold: (1) characterize potential jaguar habitat in Arizona from historic sighting records and (2) create a statewide habitat suitability map. We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to characterize potential jaguar habitat by overlaying historic jaguar sightings (25) on landscape and habitat features believed important (e.g., vegetation biomes and series, elevation, terrain ruggedness, proximity to perennial or intermittent water sources, human density). The amount of Arizona (%) identified as potential jaguar habitat ranged from 21% to 30% depending on the input variables. Most jaguar sightings were in scrub grasslands between 1,220 and 1,829-m elevation in southeastern Arizona, in intermediately to extremely rugged terrain, and within 10 km of a water source. Conservation efforts should focus on protecting the most suitable jaguar habitat in southeastern Arizona (i.e., Santa Cruz, Pima, Cochise, Pinal, Graham counties), travel corridors within and outside Arizona, and jaguar habitat in the Sierra Madres of Sonora, Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bioone","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1024:ASMOPJ]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Hatten, J., Averill-Murray, A., and van Pelt, W., 2005, A spatial model of potential jaguar habitat in Arizona: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 3, p. 1024-1033, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1024:ASMOPJ]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1024","endPage":"1033","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212828,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1024:ASMOPJ]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5a1e4b0c8380cd46ea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatten, J.R.","contributorId":39564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Averill-Murray, A.","contributorId":64456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averill-Murray","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Pelt, W.E.","contributorId":73013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029666,"text":"70029666 - 2005 - Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:12:36","indexId":"70029666","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance","docAbstract":"Recovery and protection of streams in urban areas depend on a comprehensive understanding of how human activities affect stream ecosystems. The hydrologic effects of urban development and the consequences for stream channel form and streambed stability were examined in 16 streams in the Puget Lowland, Washington, using three streamflow metrics that integrate storm‐scale effects of urban development over annual to decadal timescales: the fraction of time that streamflow exceeds the mean streamflow (TQmean), the coefficient of variation of annual maximum streamflow (CVAMF), and the fraction of time that streamflow exceeds the 0.5‐year flood (T0.5). Urban streams had low interannual variability in annual maximum streamflow and brief duration of frequent high flows, as indicated by significant correlations between road density and both CVAMFand T0.5. The broader distribution of streamflow indicated by TQmean may be affected by urban development, but differences in TQmean between streams are also likely a result of other physiographic factors. The increase in the magnitude of frequent high flows due to urban development but not their cumulative duration has important consequences for channel form and bed stability in gravel bed streams because geomorphic equilibrium depends on moderate duration streamflow (e.g., exceeded 10% of the time). Streams with low values of TQmean and T0.5 are narrower than expected from hydraulic geometry. Dimensionless boundary shear stress (t*) for the 0.5‐year flood was inversely related to T0.5 among the streams, indicating frequent and extensive bed disturbance in streams with low values of T0.5. Although stream channels expand and the size of bed material increases in response to urban streamflow patterns, these adjustments may be insufficient to reestablish the disturbance regime in urban streams because of the differential increase in the magnitude of frequent high flows causing disturbance relative to any changes in longer duration, moderate flows that establish a stable channel.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004097","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C.P., Booth, D.B., and Burges, S.J., 2005, Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 7, Article W07009; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004097.","productDescription":"Article W07009; 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0820e4b0c8380cd519b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Booth, Derek B.","contributorId":100873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":423733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burges, Stephen J.","contributorId":8567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burges","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029664,"text":"70029664 - 2005 - Baseline models of trace elements in major aquifers of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029664","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseline models of trace elements in major aquifers of the United States","docAbstract":"Trace-element concentrations in baseline samples from a survey of aquifers used as potable-water supplies in the United States are summarized using methods appropriate for data with multiple detection limits. The resulting statistical distribution models are used to develop summary statistics and estimate probabilities of exceeding water-quality standards. The models are based on data from the major aquifer studies of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. These data were produced with a nationally-consistent sampling and analytical framework specifically designed to determine the quality of the most important potable groundwater resources during the years 1991-2001. The analytical data for all elements surveyed contain values that were below several detection limits. Such datasets are referred to as multiply-censored data. To address this issue, a robust semi-parametric statistical method called regression on order statistics (ROS) is employed. Utilizing the 90th-95th percentile as an arbitrary range for the upper limits of expected baseline concentrations, the models show that baseline concentrations of dissolved Ba and Zn are below 500 ??g/L. For the same percentile range, dissolved As, Cu and Mo concentrations are below 10 ??g/L, and dissolved Ag, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb and Se are below 1-5 ??g/L. These models are also used to determine the probabilities that potable ground waters exceed drinking water standards. For dissolved Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Mo and Se, the likelihood of exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency standards at the well-head is less than 1-1.5%. A notable exception is As, which has approximately a 7% chance of exceeding the maximum contaminant level (10 ??g/L) at the well head.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.03.008","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Lee, L., and Helsel, D., 2005, Baseline models of trace elements in major aquifers of the United States: Applied Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 8, p. 1560-1570, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.03.008.","startPage":"1560","endPage":"1570","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.03.008"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efdae4b0c8380cd4a4ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, L.","contributorId":77730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helsel, D.","contributorId":94492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027447,"text":"70027447 - 2005 - Preliminary characterisation of new glass reference materials (GSA-1G, GSC-1G, GSD-1G and GSE-1G) by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using 193 nm, 213 nm and 266 nm wavelengths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T19:55:52.583883","indexId":"70027447","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1822,"text":"Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary characterisation of new glass reference materials (GSA-1G, GSC-1G, GSD-1G and GSE-1G) by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using 193 nm, 213 nm and 266 nm wavelengths","docAbstract":"New glass reference materials GSA-1G, GSC-1G, GSD-1G and GSE-1G have been characterised using a prototype solid state laser ablation system capable of producing wavelengths of 193 nm, 213 nm and 266 nm. This system allowed comparison of the effects of different laser wavelengths under nearly identical ablation and ICP operating conditions. The wavelengths 213 nm and 266 nm were also used at higher energy densities to evaluate the influence of energy density on quantitative analysis. In addition, the glass reference materials were analysed using commercially available 266 nm Nd:YAG and 193 nm ArF excimer lasers. Laser ablation analysis was carried out using both single spot and scanning mode ablation. Using laser ablation ICP-MS, concentrations of fifty-eight elements were determined with external calibration to the NIST SRM 610 glass reference material. Instead of applying the more common internal standardisation procedure, the total concentration of all element oxide concentrations was normalised to 100%. Major element concentrations were compared with those determined by electron microprobe. In addition to NIST SRM 610 for external calibration, USGS BCR-2G was used as a more closely matrix-matched reference material in order to compare the effect of matrix-matched and non matrix-matched calibration on quantitative analysis. The results show that the various laser wavelengths and energy densities applied produced similar results, with the exception of scanning mode ablation at 266 nm without matrix-matched calibration where deviations up to 60% from the average were found. However, results acquired using a scanning mode with a matrix-matched calibration agreed with results obtained by spot analysis. The increased abundance of large particles produced when using a scanning ablation mode with NIST SRM 610, is responsible for elemental fractionation effects caused by incomplete vaporisation of large particles in the ICP.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-908X.2005.tb00903.x","usgsCitation":"Guillong, M., Hametner, K., Reusser, E., Wilson, S.A., and Gunther, D., 2005, Preliminary characterisation of new glass reference materials (GSA-1G, GSC-1G, GSD-1G and GSE-1G) by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using 193 nm, 213 nm and 266 nm wavelengths: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 29, no. 3, p. 315-331, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2005.tb00903.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8343e4b0c8380cd7be92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guillong, M.","contributorId":47972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guillong","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hametner, K.","contributorId":108314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hametner","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reusser, E.","contributorId":13808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reusser","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Stephen A. 0000-0002-9468-0005 swilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":1617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Stephen","email":"swilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":413712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gunther, D.","contributorId":35491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029661,"text":"70029661 - 2005 - Karst database development in Minnesota: Design and data assembly","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029661","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Karst database development in Minnesota: Design and data assembly","docAbstract":"The Karst Feature Database (KFD) of Minnesota is a relational GIS-based Database Management System (DBMS). Previous karst feature datasets used inconsistent attributes to describe karst features in different areas of Minnesota. Existing metadata were modified and standardized to represent a comprehensive metadata for all the karst features in Minnesota. Microsoft Access 2000 and ArcView 3.2 were used to develop this working database. Existing county and sub-county karst feature datasets have been assembled into the KFD, which is capable of visualizing and analyzing the entire data set. By November 17 2002, 11,682 karst features were stored in the KFD of Minnesota. Data tables are stored in a Microsoft Access 2000 DBMS and linked to corresponding ArcView applications. The current KFD of Minnesota has been moved from a Windows NT server to a Windows 2000 Citrix server accessible to researchers and planners through networked interfaces. ?? Springer-Verlag 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-005-1240-3","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Gao, Y., Alexander, E., and Tipping, R., 2005, Karst database development in Minnesota: Design and data assembly: Environmental Geology, v. 47, no. 8, p. 1072-1082, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1240-3.","startPage":"1072","endPage":"1082","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1240-3"}],"volume":"47","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a405fe4b0c8380cd64cec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gao, Y.","contributorId":82437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, E.C. Jr.","contributorId":94062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"E.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tipping, R.G.","contributorId":67272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tipping","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027429,"text":"70027429 - 2005 - Modeling downstream fining in sand-bed rivers. II: Application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T15:39:18.338091","indexId":"70027429","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2339,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling downstream fining in sand-bed rivers. II: Application","docAbstract":"In this paper the model presented in the companion paper, Wright and Parker (2005) is applied to a generic river reach typical of a large, sand-bed river flowing into the ocean in order to investigate the mechanisms controlling longitudinal profile development and downstream fining. Three mechanisms which drive downstream fining are studied: a delta prograding into standing water, sea-level rise, and tectonic subsidence. Various rates of sea-level rise (typical of the late Holocene) and tectonic subsidence are modeled in order to quantify their effects on the degree of profile concavity and downstream fining. Also, several other physical mechanisms which may affect fining are studied, including the relative importance of the suspended versus bed load, the effect of the loss of sediment overbank, and the influence of the delta bottom slope. Finally, sensitivity analysis is used to show that the grain-size distribution at the interface between the active layer and substrate has a significant effect on downstream fining.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00221680509500382","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., and Parker, G., 2005, Modeling downstream fining in sand-bed rivers. II: Application: Journal of Hydraulic Research, v. 43, no. 6, p. 621-631, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221680509500382.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"631","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477882,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.578.5544","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bf1e4b0c8380cd6f8fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, S.","contributorId":54384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027428,"text":"70027428 - 2005 - Rapid tsunami models and earthquake source parameters: Far-field and local applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027428","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1954,"text":"ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid tsunami models and earthquake source parameters: Far-field and local applications","docAbstract":"Rapid tsunami models have recently been developed to forecast far-field tsunami amplitudes from initial earthquake information (magnitude and hypocenter). Earthquake source parameters that directly affect tsunami generation as used in rapid tsunami models are examined, with particular attention to local versus far-field application of those models. First, validity of the assumption that the focal mechanism and type of faulting for tsunamigenic earthquakes is similar in a given region can be evaluated by measuring the seismic consistency of past events. Second, the assumption that slip occurs uniformly over an area of rupture will most often underestimate the amplitude and leading-wave steepness of the local tsunami. Third, sometimes large magnitude earthquakes will exhibit a high degree of spatial heterogeneity such that tsunami sources will be composed of distinct sub-events that can cause constructive and destructive interference in the wavefield away from the source. Using a stochastic source model, it is demonstrated that local tsunami amplitudes vary by as much as a factor of two or more, depending on the local bathymetry. If other earthquake source parameters such as focal depth or shear modulus are varied in addition to the slip distribution patterns, even greater uncertainty in local tsunami amplitude is expected for earthquakes of similar magnitude. Because of the short amount of time available to issue local warnings and because of the high degree of uncertainty associated with local, model-based forecasts as suggested by this study, direct wave height observations and a strong public education and preparedness program are critical for those regions near suspected tsunami sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09720405","usgsCitation":"Geist, E., 2005, Rapid tsunami models and earthquake source parameters: Far-field and local applications: ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, v. 42, no. 4, p. 127-136.","startPage":"127","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9503e4b0c8380cd81760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027422,"text":"70027422 - 2005 - Model uncertainties of the 2002 update of California seismic hazard maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70027422","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model uncertainties of the 2002 update of California seismic hazard maps","docAbstract":"In this article we present and explore the source and ground-motion model uncertainty and parametric sensitivity for the 2002 update of the California probabilistic seismic hazard maps. Our approach is to implement a Monte Carlo simulation that allows for independent sampling from fault to fault in each simulation. The source-distance dependent characteristics of the uncertainty maps of seismic hazard are explained by the fundamental uncertainty patterns from four basic test cases, in which the uncertainties from one-fault and two-fault systems are studied in detail. The California coefficient of variation (COV, ratio of the standard deviation to the mean) map for peak ground acceleration (10% of exceedance in 50 years) shows lower values (0.1-0.15) along the San Andreas fault system and other class A faults than along class B faults (0.2-0.3). High COV values (0.4-0.6) are found around the Garlock, Anacapa-Dume, and Palos Verdes faults in southern California and around the Maacama fault and Cascadia subduction zone in northern California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050017","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Cao, T., Petersen, M., and Frankel, A., 2005, Model uncertainties of the 2002 update of California seismic hazard maps: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 6, p. 2040-2057, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050017.","startPage":"2040","endPage":"2057","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211260,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050017"}],"volume":"95","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bb5e4b0c8380cd6f753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cao, T.","contributorId":16617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cao","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, M.D.","contributorId":51319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frankel, A.D.","contributorId":53828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}