This study evaluated the potential effects of different concentrations of bleached/unbleached kraft mill effluent (B/UKME) on several reproductive endpoints in adult largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The kraft mill studied produces a 50/50 mix of bleached/unbleached market pulp with an estimated release of 36 million gal of effluent/day. Bleaching sequences were C90d10EopHDp and CEHD for softwood (pines) and hardwoods (mainly tupelo, gums, magnolia, and water oaks), respectively. Bass were exposed to different effluent concentrations (0 [controls, exposed to well water], 10, 20, 40, or 80%) for either 28 or 56 days. At the end of each exposure period, fish were euthanized, gonads collected for histological evaluation and determination of gonadosomatic index (GSI), and plasma was analyzed for 17β-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, and vitellogenin (VTG). Largemouth bass exposed to B/UKME responded with changes at the biochemical level (decline in sex steroids in both sexes and VTG in females) that were usually translated into tissue/organ-level responses (declines in GSI in both sexes and in ovarian development in females). Although most of these responses occurred after exposing fish to 40% B/UKME concentrations or greater, some were observed after exposures to 20% B/UKME. These threshold concentrations fall within the 60% average yearly concentration of effluent that exists in the stream near the point of discharge (Rice Creek), but are above the <10% effluent concentration present in the St. Johns River. The chemical(s) responsible for such changes as well as their mode(s) of action remain unknown at this time.
","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/s002440010274","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, M.S., Ruessler, D.S., Denslow, N., Holm, S.E., Schoeb, T., and Gross, T., 2006, Assessment of reproductive effects in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to bleached/unbleached kraft mill effluents: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 41, p. 475-482, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010274.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132571,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671ec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, M. S.","contributorId":99918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruessler, D. S.","contributorId":22292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruessler","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holm, S. E.","contributorId":49315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holm","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schoeb, T. R.","contributorId":73550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoeb","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028643,"text":"70028643 - 2006 - Biogeochemical transport in the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida: The role of submarine groundwater discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028643","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical transport in the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida: The role of submarine groundwater discharge","docAbstract":"The distributions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Ba, U, and a suite of naturally occurring radionuclides in the U/Th decay series (222Rn, 223,224,226,228Ra) were studied during high- and low-discharge conditions in the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida to examine the role of submarine groundwater discharge in estuarine transport. The fresh water endmember of this still relatively pristine estuary may reflect not only river-borne constituents, but also those advected during active groundwater/surface water (hyporheic) exchange. During both discharge conditions, Ba concentrations indicated slight non-conservative mixing. Such Ba excesses could be attributed either to submarine groundwater discharge or particle desorption processes. Estuarine dissolved organic carbon concentrations were highest at salinities closest to zero. Uranium distributions were lowest in the fresh water sites and mixed mostly conservatively with an increase in salinity. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations were generally lowest (< 5??mg L- 1) close to zero salinity and increased several-fold (??? 18??mg L- 1; low discharge) toward the seaward endmember, which may be attributed to dynamic resuspension of bottom sediments within Jupiter Inlet. Surface water-column 222Rn activities were most elevated (> 28??dpm L- 1) at the freshwater endmember of the estuary and appear to identify regions of the river most influenced by the discharge of fresh groundwater. Activities of four naturally occurring isotopes of Ra (223,224,226,228Ra) in this estuary and select adjacent shallow groundwater wells yield mean estuarine water-mass transit times of less than 1 day; these values are in close agreement to those calculated by tidal prism and tidal frequency. Submarine groundwater discharge rates to the Loxahatchee River estuary were calculated using a tidal prism approach, an excess 226Ra mass balance, and an electromagnetic seepage meter. Average SGD rates ranged from 1.0 to 3.8 ?? 105??m3 d- 1 (20-74??L m- 2 d- 1), depending on river-discharge stage. Such calculated SGD estimates, which must include both a recirculated as well as fresh water component, are in close agreement with results obtained from a first-order watershed mass balance. Average submarine groundwater discharge rates yield NH4+ and PO4- 3 flux estimates to the Loxahatchee River estuary that range from 62.7 to 1063.1 and 69.2 to 378.5????mol m- 2 d- 1, respectively, depending on river stage. SGD-derived nutrient flux rates are compared to yearly computed riverine total N and total P load estimates. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2006.03.007","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., Orem, W., McPherson, B.F., Baskaran, M., and Wan, Y., 2006, Biogeochemical transport in the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida: The role of submarine groundwater discharge: Marine Chemistry, v. 101, no. 3-4, p. 248-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2006.03.007.","startPage":"248","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209841,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2006.03.007"},{"id":236572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f156e4b0c8380cd4abd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPherson, B. F.","contributorId":62983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baskaran, M.","contributorId":96627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskaran","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wan, Y.","contributorId":51519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028708,"text":"70028708 - 2006 - Determination of coalbed methane potential and gas adsorption capacity in Western Kentucky coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028708","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Determination of coalbed methane potential and gas adsorption capacity in Western Kentucky coals","docAbstract":"The Illinois Basin has not been developed for Coalbed Methane (CBM) production. It is imperative to determine both gas content and other parameters for the Kentucky portion of the Illinois Basin if exploration is to progress and production is to occur in this area. This research is part of a larger project being conducted by the Kentucky Geological Survey to evaluate the CBM production of Pennsylvanian-age western Kentucky coals in Ohio, Webster, and Union counties using methane adsorption isotherms, direct gas desorption measurements, and chemical analyses of coal and gas. This research will investigate relationships between CBM potential and petrographic, surface area, pore size, and gas adsorption isotherm analyses of the coals. Maceral and reflectance analyses are being conducted at the Center for Applied Energy Research. At the Indiana Geological Survey, the surface area and pore size of the coals will be analyzed using a Micrometrics ASAP 2020, and the CO2 isotherm analyses will be conducted using a volumetric adsorption apparatus in a water temperature bath. The aforementioned analyses will be used to determine site specific correlations for the Kentucky part of the Illinois Basin. The data collected will be compared with previous work in the Illinois Basin and will be correlated with data and structural features in the basin. Gas composition and carbon and hydrogen isotopic data suggest mostly thermogenic origin of coalbed gas in coals from Webster and Union Counties, Kentucky, in contrast to the dominantly biogenic character of coalbed gas in Ohio County, Kentucky.","largerWorkTitle":"23rd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, PCC - Coal-Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development","conferenceTitle":"23rd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, PCC - Coal-Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development","conferenceDate":"25 September 2006 through 28 September 2006","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA","language":"English","isbn":"1890977233; 9781890977238","usgsCitation":"Mardon, S., Takacs, K., Hower, J., Eble, C., and Mastalerz, M., 2006, Determination of coalbed methane potential and gas adsorption capacity in Western Kentucky coals, in 23rd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, PCC - Coal-Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, Pittsburgh, PA, 25 September 2006 through 28 September 2006.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff9ee4b0c8380cd4f2b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mardon, S.M.","contributorId":12662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mardon","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takacs, K.G.","contributorId":50708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takacs","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028486,"text":"70028486 - 2006 - Cladophora (Chlorophyta) spp. harbor human bacterial pathogens in nearshore water of Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:05:02","indexId":"70028486","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cladophora (Chlorophyta) spp. harbor human bacterial pathogens in nearshore water of Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Cladophora glomerata, a macrophytic green alga, is commonly found in the Great Lakes, and significant accumulations occur along shorelines during the summer months. Recently, Cladophora has been shown to harbor high densities of the fecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci. Cladophora may also harbor human pathogens; however, until now, no studies to address this question have been performed. In the present study, we determined whether attachedCladophora, obtained from the Lake Michigan and Burns Ditch (Little Calumet River, Indiana) sides of a breakwater during the summers of 2004 and 2005, harbored the bacterial pathogens Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC),Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter. The presence of potential pathogens and numbers of organisms were determined by using cultural methods and by using conventional PCR, most-probable-number PCR (MPN-PCR), and quantitative PCR (QPCR) performed with genus- and toxin-specific primers and probes. WhileShigella and STEC were detected in 100% and 25%, respectively, of the algal samples obtained near Burns Ditch in 2004, the same pathogens were not detected in samples collected in 2005. MPN-PCR and QPCR allowed enumeration of Salmonella in 40 to 80% of the ditch- and lakeside samples, respectively, and the densities were up to 1.6 × 103 cells per g Cladophora. Similarly, these PCR methods allowed enumeration of up to 5.4 × 102 Campylobacter cells/gCladophora in 60 to 100% of lake- and ditchside samples. The Campylobacterdensities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the lakeside Cladophora samples than in the ditchside Cladophora samples. DNA fingerprint analyses indicated that genotypically identical Salmonella isolates were associated with geographically and temporally distinct Cladophora samples. However, Campylobacter isolates were genetically diverse. Since animal hosts are thought to be the primary habitat forCampylobacter and Salmonella species, our results suggest that Cladophora is a likely secondary habitat for pathogenic bacteria in Lake Michigan and that the association of these bacteria with Cladophora warrants additional studies to assess the potential health impact on beach users.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.00131-06","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Ishii, S., Yan, T., Shively, D., Byappanahalli, M., Whitman, R., and Sadowsky, M., 2006, Cladophora (Chlorophyta) spp. harbor human bacterial pathogens in nearshore water of Lake Michigan: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 72, no. 7, p. 4545-4553, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00131-06.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4545","endPage":"4553","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477473,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00131-06","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210411,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00131-06"}],"volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f60be4b0c8380cd4c57f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ishii, S.","contributorId":59613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yan, T.","contributorId":92864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, D.A.","contributorId":78123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byappanahalli, M.N.","contributorId":11384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sadowsky, M.J.","contributorId":19337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadowsky","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028125,"text":"70028125 - 2006 - Near real-time monitoring and mapping of specific conductivity levels across Lake Texoma, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028125","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near real-time monitoring and mapping of specific conductivity levels across Lake Texoma, USA","docAbstract":"A submersible sonde equipped with a specific conductivity probe, linked with a global positioning satellite receiver was developed, deployed on a small boat, and used to map spatial and temporal variations in specific conductivity in a large reservoir. 7,695 sample points were recorded during 8 sampling trips. Specific conductivity ranged from 442 uS/cm to 3,378 uS/cm over the nine-month study. The data showed five statistically different zones in the reservoir: 2 different riverine zones, 2 different riverine transition zones, and a lacustrine zone (the main lake zone). These data were imported to a geographic information system where they were spatially interpolated to generate 8 maps showing specific conductivity levels across the entire surface of the lake. The highly dynamic nature of water quality, due to the widely differing nature of the rivers that flow into the reservoir and the effect of large inflows of fresh water during winter storms is easily captured and visualized using this approach. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-005-9072-x","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, S., and Mabe, J., 2006, Near real-time monitoring and mapping of specific conductivity levels across Lake Texoma, USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 120, no. 1-3, p. 449-460, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9072-x.","startPage":"449","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9072-x"},{"id":237089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63d3e4b0c8380cd72704","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, S.F.","contributorId":105902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mabe, J.A.","contributorId":47566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mabe","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031006,"text":"70031006 - 2006 - Effects of elevated CO2 on fine root dynamics in a Mojave Desert community: A FACE study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031006","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of elevated CO2 on fine root dynamics in a Mojave Desert community: A FACE study","docAbstract":"Fine roots (??? 1mm diameter) are critical in plant water and nutrient absorption, and it is important to understand how rising atmospheric CO2 will affect them as part of terrestrial ecosystem responses to global change. This study's objective was to determine effects of elevated CO2 on production, mortality, and standing crops of fine root length over 2 years in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility in the Mojave Desert of southern Nevada, USA. Three replicate 25m diameter FACE rings were maintained at ambient (??? 370 ??mol mol-1) and elevated CO2 (??? 550 ??mol mol-1) atmospheric concentrations. Twenty-eight minirhizotron tubes were placed in each ring to sample three microsite locations: evergreen Larrea shrubs, drought-deciduous Ambrosia shrubs, and along systematic community transects (primarily in shrub interspaces which account for ??? 85% of the area). Seasonal dynamics were similar for ambient and elevated CO2: fine root production peaked in April-June, with peak standing crop occurring about 1 month later, and peak mortality occurring during the hot summer months, with higher values for all three measures in a wet year compared with a dry year. Fine root standing crop, production, and mortality were not significantly different between treatments except standing crop along community transects, where fine root length was significantly lower in elevated CO2. Fine root turnover (annual cumulative mortality/mean standing crop) ranged from 2.33 to 3.17 year-1, and was not significantly different among CO2 treatments, except for community transect tubes where it was significantly lower for elevated CO2. There were no differences in fine root responses to CO2 between evergreen (Larrea) and drought-deciduous (Ambrosia) shrubs. Combined with observations of increased leaf-level water-use efficiency and lack of soil moisture differences, these results suggest that under elevated CO2 conditions, reduced root systems (compared with ambient CO2) appear sufficient to provide resources for modest aboveground production increases across the community, but in more fertile shrub microsites, fine root systems of comparable size with those in ambient CO2 were required to support the greater aboveground production increases. For community transects, development of the difference in fine root standing crops occurred primarily through lower stimulation of fine root production in the elevated CO2 treatment during periods of high water availability. ?? 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01085.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Phillips, D., Johnson, M.G., Tingey, D., Catricala, C., Hoyman, T., and Nowak, R., 2006, Effects of elevated CO2 on fine root dynamics in a Mojave Desert community: A FACE study: Global Change Biology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 61-73, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01085.x.","startPage":"61","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01085.x"},{"id":238774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06dbe4b0c8380cd51452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, D.L.","contributorId":10178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, M. G.","contributorId":22831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tingey, D.T.","contributorId":24991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingey","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Catricala, C.E.","contributorId":78148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catricala","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoyman, T.L.","contributorId":107094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoyman","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nowak, R.S.","contributorId":104857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031062,"text":"70031062 - 2006 - An annotated list of aquatic insects of Fort Sill, Oklahoma, excluding diptera with notes on several new state records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031062","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2556,"text":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An annotated list of aquatic insects of Fort Sill, Oklahoma, excluding diptera with notes on several new state records","docAbstract":"Qualitative collections of aquatic insects were made at Fort Sill, Lawton, Oklahoma, between 2002 and 2004. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, aquatic Heteroptera, Neuroptera, and Megaloptera were targeted. Additional records are included from a survey that took place in 1999. More than 11,000 specimens from more than 290 collections were examined. Based on the current understanding of aquatic insect systematics, 276 taxa distributed over 8 orders, 46 families, and 141 genera were identified. Twenty-three of the 276 taxa, Plauditus texanus Wiersema, Tricorythodes allectus (Needham), Palmacorixa nana walleyi Hungerford, Climacia chapini Partin and Gurney, Oxyethira forcipata Mosely, Oxyethira janella Denning, Triaenodes helo Milne, Ylodes frontalis (Banks), Acilius fraternus Harris, Coptotomus loticus Hilsenhoff, Coptotomus venustus (Say), Desmopachria dispersa Crotch, Graphoderus liberus (Say), Hydrovatus pustulatus (Melsheimer), Hygrotus acaroides (LeConte), Liodessus flavicollis (LeConte), Uvarus texanus (Sharp), Gyrinus woodruffi Fall, Haliplus fasciatus Aube, Haliplus lewisii Crotch, Haliplus tortilipenis Brigham & Sanderson, Chaetarthria bicolor Sharp, Epimetopus costatus complex, and Hydrochus simplex LeConte are reported from Oklahoma for the first time. The three most diverse orders included Coleoptera (86 species), Odonata (67 species) and Trichoptera (59 species), and the remaining taxa were distributed among Heteroptera, (30 species), Ephemeroptera (21 species), Plecoptera (6 species), Megaloptera (4 species), and Neuroptera (3 species). Based on previous published records, many of the species collected during this study were expected to be found at Fort Sill; however, 276 taxa of aquatic insects identified from such a small geographic area is noteworthy, especially when considering local climatic conditions and the relatively small size of Fort Sill (38,300 ha). Despite agricultural practices in Oklahoma, the dust bowl days, and the development of water-based recreation at Fort Sill, a high percentage of the total known aquatic insect fauna of Oklahoma can be found in a small geographic area. ?? 2006 Kansas Entomological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2317/505.03.1","issn":"00228567","usgsCitation":"Zuellig, R., Kondratieff, B., Schmidt, J., Durfee, R., Ruiter, D., and Prather, I., 2006, An annotated list of aquatic insects of Fort Sill, Oklahoma, excluding diptera with notes on several new state records: Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, v. 79, no. 1, p. 34-54, https://doi.org/10.2317/505.03.1.","startPage":"34","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211396,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2317/505.03.1"},{"id":238679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9fee4b0c8380cd48592","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuellig, R.E.","contributorId":37045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kondratieff, B.C.","contributorId":103230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, J.P.","contributorId":47161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durfee, R.S.","contributorId":76130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durfee","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruiter, D.E.","contributorId":55200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiter","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prather, I.E.","contributorId":33915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prather","given":"I.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028737,"text":"70028737 - 2006 - Predicted changes in subyearling fall Chinook salmon rearing and migratory habitat under two drawdown scenarios for John Day Reservoir, Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T16:13:16","indexId":"70028737","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicted changes in subyearling fall Chinook salmon rearing and migratory habitat under two drawdown scenarios for John Day Reservoir, Columbia River","docAbstract":"We evaluated the potential effects of two different drawdown scenarios on rearing and migration habitat of subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in John Day Reservoir on the Columbia River. We compared habitats at normal operating pool elevation with habitats at drawdown to spillway crest elevation and drawdown to the historical natural river elevation for two flows (4,417 and 8,495 m3/s). Using two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling and a predictive habitat model, we determined the quantity and spatial distribution of rearing habitat and predicted water velocities. We predicted that the most habitat area would occur under normal pool elevation, but 93% of habitat was located in the upper third of the reservoir. Although less habitat area was predicted under drawdown to the spillway crest and the natural river, it was distributed more homogeneously throughout the study area. Habitat connectivity, patch size, and percent of suitable shoreline were greatest under drawdown to the natural river elevation. Mean cross-sectional water velocity and the variation in velocity increased with increasing level of reservoir drawdown. Water velocities under drawdown to the natural river were about twice as high as those under drawdown to spillway crest and five times higher than those under normal pool. The variability in water velocity, which may provide cues to fish migration, was highest under drawdown to the natural river and lowest under normal pool elevation. The extent to which different drawdown scenarios would be effective in John Day Reservoir depends in part on restoring normative riverine processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M06-018.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., Garland, R., and Rondorf, D., 2006, Predicted changes in subyearling fall Chinook salmon rearing and migratory habitat under two drawdown scenarios for John Day Reservoir, Columbia River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 4, p. 894-907, https://doi.org/10.1577/M06-018.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"894","endPage":"907","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487580,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2506883","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209711,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M06-018.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"John Day Dam and McNary Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.49093627929689,\n 45.72631510756141\n ],\n [\n -121.5087890625,\n 45.71001523943372\n ],\n [\n -121.47033691406249,\n 45.691792112909965\n ],\n [\n -121.38931274414062,\n 45.67260345778067\n ],\n [\n -121.34811401367186,\n 45.68603620740324\n ],\n [\n -121.23825073242186,\n 45.66108710567762\n ],\n [\n -121.20803833007811,\n 45.60635207711834\n ],\n [\n -121.12564086914062,\n 45.59482210127054\n ],\n [\n -121.06796264648436,\n 45.63516665067313\n ],\n [\n -120.89492797851561,\n 45.630365250117606\n ],\n [\n -120.80978393554688,\n 45.663006662228675\n ],\n [\n -120.83038330078125,\n 45.68891423419542\n ],\n [\n -120.88256835937499,\n 45.66684557788979\n ],\n [\n -120.97595214843749,\n 45.663006662228675\n ],\n [\n -121.07070922851564,\n 45.670684230297006\n ],\n [\n -121.13525390625,\n 45.63132556313632\n ],\n [\n -121.17233276367188,\n 45.63324613981234\n ],\n [\n -121.23138427734375,\n 45.68891423419542\n ],\n [\n -121.30828857421875,\n 45.70809729528788\n ],\n [\n -121.40029907226562,\n 45.719603972998634\n ],\n [\n -121.47033691406249,\n 45.719603972998634\n ],\n [\n -121.49093627929689,\n 45.72631510756141\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a818de4b0c8380cd7b5b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garland, R.D.","contributorId":60806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garland","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028632,"text":"70028632 - 2006 - Methods for pore water extraction from unsaturated zone tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028632","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Methods for pore water extraction from unsaturated zone tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Assessing the performance of the proposed high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, requires an understanding of the chemistry of the water that moves through the host rock. The uniaxial compression method used to extract pore water from samples of tuffaceous borehole core was successful only for nonwelded tuff. An ultracentrifugation method was adopted to extract pore water from samples of the densely welded tuff of the proposed repository horizon. Tests were performed using both methods to determine the efficiency of pore water extraction and the potential effects on pore water chemistry. Test results indicate that uniaxial compression is most efficient for extracting pore water from nonwelded tuff, while ultracentrifugation is more successful in extracting pore water from densely welded tuff. Pore water splits collected from a single nonwelded tuff core during uniaxial compression tests have shown changes in pore water chemistry with increasing pressure for calcium, chloride, sulfate, and nitrate. Pore water samples collected from the intermediate pressure ranges should prevent the influence of re-dissolved, evaporative salts and the addition of ion-deficient water from clays and zeolites. Chemistry of pore water splits from welded and nonwelded tuffs using ultracentrifugation indicates that there is no substantial fractionation of solutes.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM","conferenceTitle":"11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0894486918; 9780894486913","usgsCitation":"Scofield, K., 2006, Methods for pore water extraction from unsaturated zone tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, in Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM, v. 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006, p. 127-135.","startPage":"127","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55c7e4b0c8380cd6d2a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scofield, K.M.","contributorId":51069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scofield","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028628,"text":"70028628 - 2006 - Aspects of the biology of Salicornia bigelovii torr. In relation to a proposed restoration of a wind-tidal flat system on the South Texas, USA Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028628","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspects of the biology of Salicornia bigelovii torr. In relation to a proposed restoration of a wind-tidal flat system on the South Texas, USA Coast","docAbstract":"Wind-tidal flats are the dominant coastal wetland type in southern Texas USA. Succulent vascular plants are colonizing the flats in some locations, often where past dredge disposal along navigation channels and other activities have interrupted natural water communication between hypersaline bays and large areas of wind-tidal flats. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of proposed removal of a causeway at Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge to restore the historic hydrologic regime and eradicate encroaching vascular plants, mostly Salicornia bigelovii, on the assumption that high sediment salt excluded these vascular plants under natural conditions. Assessment in spring 1998 of the density of Salicornia in relation to elevation and sediment salt of bare and vegetated zones on the vegetated flats on one side of the causeway and entirely barren flats with unimpaired connection to Laguna Madre on the other side of the causeway suggested that sediment salt >0.1 g ml-1 excluded vascular plants. However, bimonthly sampling in 1999-2000 revealed that sediment salt concentrations were >0.1 g ml-1 throughout the vegetated zone in July and more locally in the period of winter low water, with little impairment to established plants. This indicates that if control is desired, it must be exerted at germination and early establishment during and after fall high water. Continuous monitoring of water levels on either side of the causeway suggests that, even with removal of the causeway, flooding with hypersaline lagoon water will be too infrequent to counteract the freshening effect of a permanent hydraulic connection to the main agricultural drain of the lower Rio Grande Valley that has developed at the other end of the salt flat. Monitoring Salicornia distribution over six years documented huge variation between years but no trend toward increasing dominance of the flats. The results of this study illustrate that the most obvious alterations to a site may not be the most influential on function and that the scale of analysis may have to extend far beyond the site in space and time to evaluate a proposed restoration properly. ?? 2006, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[649:AOTBOS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Onuf, C., 2006, Aspects of the biology of Salicornia bigelovii torr. In relation to a proposed restoration of a wind-tidal flat system on the South Texas, USA Coast: Wetlands, v. 26, no. 3, p. 649-666, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[649:AOTBOS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"649","endPage":"666","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209659,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[649:AOTBOS]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edbde4b0c8380cd49999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Onuf, C.P.","contributorId":80837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onuf","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028548,"text":"70028548 - 2006 - Nesting habitat of the Tule Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons elgasi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T20:05:28","indexId":"70028548","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting habitat of the Tule Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons elgasi","docAbstract":"This paper presents the first information on the availability and use of nesting habitat by the rare Tule Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons elgasi. The breeding range was sampled by marking geese with radio transmitters on wintering and moulting areas, and tracking them to nest sites in Alaska. Nesting habitat was described at the scales of ecoregion, wetland ecosystem (National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) maps), vegetation type within wetland (Alaska Vegetation Classification (AVC) maps based on satellite imagery), and nest site. Tule Greater White-fronted Goose nests were located in boreal forest wetlands in the upper Cook Inlet Basin ecoregion. Nesting Tule Greater White-fronted Geese selected NWT Palustrine Seasonally Flooded wetlands and used NWI Palustrine Saturated wetlands in proportion to availability. Within these wetlands, Tule Greater White-fronted Geese used Needleleaf Forest, Low Shrub and Herbaceous (mostly graminoid) AVC classes for nest sites in proportion to availability Most (93%) Tule Greater White-fronted Geese nested > 75 m from open water ponds or lakes, and many nested in wetlands with little or no open water. Tule Greater White-fronted Geese nest only in a small breeding area near the most human-impacted area of the state, and continued development may limit the use of suitable nesting habitat.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildfowl","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","publisherLocation":"Slimbridge, U.K.","issn":"09546324","usgsCitation":"Densmore, R., Ely, C.R., Bollinger, K., Kratzer, S., Udevitz, M.S., Fehringer, D., and Rothe, T., 2006, Nesting habitat of the Tule Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons elgasi: Wildfowl, v. 56, p. 37-51.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269434,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.wwt.org.uk/userfiles/files/5_56_Densmore.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"56","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64c8e4b0c8380cd72a69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, R.V.","contributorId":72953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bollinger, K.S.","contributorId":85542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kratzer, S.","contributorId":103064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fehringer, D.J.","contributorId":39999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fehringer","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rothe, T.C.","contributorId":10016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rothe","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028551,"text":"70028551 - 2006 - Influence of potentially confounding factors on sea urchin porewater toxicity tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028551","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of potentially confounding factors on sea urchin porewater toxicity tests","docAbstract":"The influence of potentially confounding factors has been identified as a concern for interpreting sea urchin porewater toxicity test data. The results from >40 sediment-quality assessment surveys using early-life stages of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata were compiled and examined to determine acceptable ranges of natural variables such as pH, ammonia, and dissolved organic carbon on the fertilization and embryological development endpoints. In addition, laboratory experiments were also conducted with A. punctulata and compared with information from the literature. Pore water with pH as low as 6.9 is an unlikely contributor to toxicity for the fertilization and embryological development tests with A. punctulata. Other species of sea urchin have narrower pH tolerance ranges. Ammonia is rarely a contributing factor in pore water toxicity tests using the fertilization endpoint, but the embryological development endpoint may be influenced by ammonia concentrations commonly found in porewater samples. Therefore, ammonia needs to be considered when interpreting results for the embryological development test. Humic acid does not affect sea urchin fertilization at saturation concentrations, but it could have an effect on the embryological development endpoint at near-saturation concentrations. There was no correlation between sediment total organic carbon concentrations and porewater dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Because of the potential for many varying substances to activate parthenogenesis in sea urchin eggs, it is recommended that a no-sperm control be included with every fertilization test treatment. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-006-0009-3","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Carr, R., Biedenbach, J., and Nipper, M., 2006, Influence of potentially confounding factors on sea urchin porewater toxicity tests: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 51, no. 4, p. 573-579, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0009-3.","startPage":"573","endPage":"579","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209989,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0009-3"},{"id":236773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b67e4b0c8380cd624e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, R.S.","contributorId":31353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biedenbach, J.M.","contributorId":108262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biedenbach","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nipper, M.","contributorId":7047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nipper","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028909,"text":"70028909 - 2006 - Giant sand waves at the mouth of San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T11:53:43","indexId":"70028909","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Giant sand waves at the mouth of San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"A field of giant sand waves, among the largest in the world, recently was mapped in high resolution for the first time during a multibeam survey in 2004 and 2005 through the strait of the Golden Gate at the mouth of San Francisco Bay in California (Figure la). This massive bed form field covers an area of approximately four square kilometers in water depths ranging from 30 to 106 meters, featuring more than 40 distinct sand waves with crests aligned approximately perpendicular to the dominant tidally generated cross-shore currents, with wavelengths and heights that measure up to 220 meters and 10 meters, respectively.
\nSand wave crests can be traced continuously for up to two kilometers across the mouth of this energetic tidal inlet, where depth-averaged tidal currents through the strait below the Golden Gate Bridge exceed 2.5 meters per second during peak ebb flows. Repeated surveys demonstrated that the sand waves are active and dynamic features that move in response to tidally generated currents. The complex temporal and spatial variations in wave and tidal current interactions in this region result in an astoundingly diverse array of bed form morphologies, scales, and orientations. Bed forms of approximately half the scale of those reported in this article previously were mapped inside San Francisco Bay during a multibeam survey in 1997 [Chin et al., 1997].
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2006EO290003","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., Hanes, D., Rubin, D.M., and Kvitek, R., 2006, Giant sand waves at the mouth of San Francisco Bay: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 87, no. 29, p. 287-289, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006EO290003.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295146,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006EO290003"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"87","issue":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28f0e4b0c8380cd5a556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, P.L.","contributorId":20527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanes, D.M.","contributorId":22479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kvitek, R.G.","contributorId":36384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030251,"text":"70030251 - 2006 - Multiple constraints on the age of a Pleistocene lava dam across the Little Colorado River at Grand Falls, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030251","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple constraints on the age of a Pleistocene lava dam across the Little Colorado River at Grand Falls, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Grand Falls basalt lava flow in northern Arizona was emplaced in late Pleistocene time. It flowed 10 km from its vent area to the Little Colorado River, where it cascaded into and filled a 65-m-deep canyon to form the Grand Falls lava dam. Lava continued ???25 km downstream and ???1 km onto the far rim beyond where the canyon was filled. Subsequent fluvial sedimentation filled the reservoir behind the dam, and eventually the river established a channel along the margin of the lava flow to the site where water falls back into the pre-eruption canyon. The ca. 150 ka age of the Grand Falls flow provided by whole-rock K-Ar analysis in the 1970s is inconsistent with the preservation of centimeter-scale flow-top features on the surface of the flow and the near absence of physical and chemical weathering on the flow downstream of the falls. The buried Little Colorado River channel and the present-day channel are at nearly the same elevation, indicating that very little, if any, regional downcutting has occurred since emplacement of the flow. Newly applied dating techniques better define the age of the lava dam. Infrared-stimulated luminescence dating of silty mudstone baked by the lava yielded an age of 19.6 ?? 1.2 ka. Samples from three noneroded or slightly eroded outcrops at the top of the lava flow yielded 3He cosmogenic ages of 16 ?? 1 ka, 17 ?? 1 ka, and 20 ?? 1 ka. A mean age of 8 ?? 19 ka was obtained from averaging four samples using the 40Ar/39Ar step-heating method. Finally, paleomagnetic directions in lava samples from two sites at Grand Falls and one at the vent area are nearly identical and match the curve of magnetic secular variation at ca. 15 ka, 19 ka, 23 ka, and 28 ka. We conclude that the Grand Falls flow was emplaced at ca. 20 ka. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25814.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W., Riggs, N., Kaufman, D., Champion, D., Fenton, C., Forman, S., McIntosh, W., Hereford, R., Plescia, J., and Ort, M., 2006, Multiple constraints on the age of a Pleistocene lava dam across the Little Colorado River at Grand Falls, Arizona: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 118, no. 3-4, p. 421-429, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25814.1.","startPage":"421","endPage":"429","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211887,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25814.1"},{"id":239261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6061e4b0c8380cd713fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, W.","contributorId":42715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riggs, N.","contributorId":26878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaufman, D.","contributorId":96481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champion, D.","contributorId":103012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fenton, C.","contributorId":85399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Forman, S.","contributorId":94497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McIntosh, W.","contributorId":29635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntosh","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hereford, R.","contributorId":84437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Plescia, J.","contributorId":20500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plescia","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ort, M.","contributorId":11410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ort","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70028358,"text":"70028358 - 2006 - Genetic variation among subspecies of Least Tern (Sterna antillarum): Implications for conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028358","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic variation among subspecies of Least Tern (Sterna antillarum): Implications for conservation","docAbstract":"DNA sequence variation from two nuclear introns and part of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene were used to Evaluate population structure among three subspecies of Least Term that nest in the United States (California [Sterna antillarum browni], Interior [S. a. athalassos], Eastern [S. a. antillarum]). Sequence variation was highest for nuclear intron XI (Gadp) within the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. The second nuclear intron was fixed for the same allele in all subspecies. Fixation indices, FST and MST, for Gadp indicated genetic divergence between California and Interior subspecies. Estimates of nuclear gene flow were <4 individuals/generation, except between the Interior and Eastern subspecies (4 individuals/generation). Genetic indices for mitochondrial DNA did not differ among subspecies, and gene flows (reflecting female dispersal) ranged from 10 to 83 individuals/generation. Reservations are expressed about the validity of the current subspecific divisions and further research is required, including their taxonomic relationship to the Little Tern (Sterna albifrons).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[176:GVASOL]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Whittier, J.B., Leslie, D., and Van Den Bussche, R.A., 2006, Genetic variation among subspecies of Least Tern (Sterna antillarum): Implications for conservation: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 2, p. 176-184, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[176:GVASOL]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"176","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[176:GVASOL]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a158be4b0c8380cd54e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whittier, Joanna B.","contributorId":53151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittier","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Den Bussche, Ronald A.","contributorId":41121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Bussche","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028657,"text":"70028657 - 2006 - Juvenile salmonid use of freshwater emergent wetlands in the floodplain and its implications for conservation management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T20:59:29.636162","indexId":"70028657","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Juvenile salmonid use of freshwater emergent wetlands in the floodplain and its implications for conservation management","docAbstract":"A recent trend of enhancing freshwater emergent wetlands for waterfowl and other wildlife has raised concern about the effects of such measures on juvenile salmonids. We undertook this study to quantify the degree and extent of juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. utilization of enhanced and unenhanced emergent wetlands within the floodplain of the lower Chehalis River, Washington, and to determine the fate of the salmon using them. Enhanced emergent wetlands contained water control structures that provided an outlet for fish emigration and a longer hydroperiod for rearing than unenhanced wetlands. Age‐0 and age‐1 coho salmon O. kisutch were the most common salmonid at all sites, enhanced wetlands having significantly higher age‐1 abundance than unenhanced wetlands that were a similar distance from the main‐stem river. Yearling coho salmon benefited from rearing in two enhanced wetland habitats, where their specific growth rate and minimum estimates of survival (1.43%/d by weight and 30%; 1.37%/d and 57%) were comparable to those in other side‐channel rearing studies. Dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased in emergent wetlands throughout the season and approached the limits lethal to juvenile salmon by May or June each year. Emigration patterns suggested that age‐0 and age‐1 coho salmon emigrated as habitat conditions declined. This observation was further supported by the results of an experimental release of coho salmon. Survival of fish utilizing emergent wetlands was dependent on movement to the river before water quality decreased or stranding occurred from wetland desiccation. Thus, our results suggest that enhancing freshwater wetlands via water control structures can benefit juvenile salmonids, at least in the short term, by providing conditions for greater growth, survival, and emigration.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/M05-057.1","usgsCitation":"Henning, J.A., Gresswell, R.E., and Fleming, I.A., 2006, Juvenile salmonid use of freshwater emergent wetlands in the floodplain and its implications for conservation management: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 2, p. 367-376, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-057.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"376","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Chehalis River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.98669433593749,\n 46.411351502899215\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 46.67582559793001\n ],\n [\n -123.4149169921875,\n 47.59505101193038\n ],\n [\n -124.16748046874999,\n 47.34626718205302\n ],\n [\n -124.2388916015625,\n 46.924007100770275\n ],\n [\n -124.09057617187499,\n 46.65320687122665\n ],\n [\n -123.1512451171875,\n 46.210249600187225\n ],\n [\n -121.98669433593749,\n 46.411351502899215\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4038e4b0c8380cd64bb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henning, Julie A.","contributorId":15579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henning","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleming, Ian A.","contributorId":77495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028383,"text":"70028383 - 2006 - Stochastic uncertainty analysis for unconfined flow systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:01:36","indexId":"70028383","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic uncertainty analysis for unconfined flow systems","docAbstract":"A new stochastic approach proposed by Zhang and Lu (2004), called the Karhunen‐Loeve decomposition‐based moment equation (KLME), has been extended to solving nonlinear, unconfined flow problems in randomly heterogeneous aquifers. This approach is on the basis of an innovative combination of Karhunen‐Loeve decomposition, polynomial expansion, and perturbation methods. The random log‐transformed hydraulic conductivity field (lnKS) is first expanded into a series in terms of orthogonal Gaussian standard random variables with their coefficients obtained as the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the covariance function of lnKS. Next, head h is decomposed as a perturbation expansion series Σh(m), where h(m) represents the mth‐order head term with respect to the standard deviation of lnKS. Then h(m) is further expanded into a polynomial series of m products of orthogonal Gaussian standard random variables whose coefficients hi1,i2,...,im(m) are deterministic and solved sequentially from low to high expansion orders using MODFLOW‐2000. Finally, the statistics of head and flux are computed using simple algebraic operations on hi1,i2,...,im(m). A series of numerical test results in 2‐D and 3‐D unconfined flow systems indicated that the KLME approach is effective in estimating the mean and (co)variance of both heads and fluxes and requires much less computational effort as compared to the traditional Monte Carlo simulation technique.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004766","usgsCitation":"Liu, G., Zhang, D., and Lu, Z., 2006, Stochastic uncertainty analysis for unconfined flow systems: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 9, Article W09412; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004766.","productDescription":"Article W09412; 18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004766","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9855e4b08c986b31bf9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Zhiming","contributorId":174148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhiming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028771,"text":"70028771 - 2006 - Uranium distribution in the coastal waters and pore waters of Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028771","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium distribution in the coastal waters and pore waters of Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"The geochemical reactivity of uranium (238U) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Fe, Mn, Ba, and V was investigated in the water column, pore waters, and across a river/estuarine mixing zone in Tampa Bay, Florida. This large estuary is impacted both by diverse anthropogenic activity and by extensive U-rich phosphatic deposits. Thus, the estuarine behavior of uranium may be examined relative to such known U enrichments and anthropogenic perturbations. Dissolved (< 0.45??m) uranium exhibited both removal and enrichment processes across the Alafia River/estuarine mixing zone relative to conservative mixing. Such non-conservative U behavior may be attributed to: i) physical mixing processes within the river; ii) U carrier phase reactivity; and/or iii) fluid exchange processes across sediment/water interface. In the bay proper, U concentrations were ?????2 to 3 times greater than those reported for other estuarine systems and are likely a result of erosional inputs from the extensive, underlying U-rich phosphatic deposits. Whereas dissolved U concentrations generally did not approach seawater values (13.6??nM) along the Alafia River salinity transect, water column U concentrations exceeded 16??nM in select regions of the bay. Within the hydrogeological framework of the bay, such enriched U may also be derived from advective fluid transport processes across the sediment/water interface, such as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) or hyporheic exchange within coastal rivers. Pore water profiles of U in Tampa Bay show both a flux into and out of bottom sediments, and average, diffusive U pore water fluxes (Jdiff) ranged from - 82.0 to 116.6??mol d- 1. It is likely that negative U fluxes imply seawater entrainment or infiltration (i.e., submarine groundwater recharge), which may contribute to the removal of water column uranium. For comparison, a bay-wide, Ra-derived submarine groundwater discharge estimate for Tampa Bay (8??L m- 2 d- 1) yielded an average, advective (JSGD) U flux of 112.9??mol d- 1. In Tampa Bay, the estuarine distribution of U indicates a strong natural, geologic control that may also be influenced by enhanced fluid transport processes across the sediment/water interface. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2006.06.016","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., and Baskaran, M., 2006, Uranium distribution in the coastal waters and pore waters of Tampa Bay, Florida: Marine Chemistry, v. 102, no. 3-4, p. 252-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2006.06.016.","startPage":"252","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209669,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2006.06.016"},{"id":236340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbda8e4b08c986b329157","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baskaran, M.","contributorId":96627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskaran","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028608,"text":"70028608 - 2006 - Historical trace element distribution in sediments from the Mississippi River delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028608","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical trace element distribution in sediments from the Mississippi River delta","docAbstract":"Five sediment cores were collected on the shelf of the inner Mississippi Bight in June 2003 for a suite of radionuclides to establish geochronologies and trace elements to examine patterns of contaminant deposition and accumulation. Core sites were chosen to reflect a matrix of variable water depths, proximity to the Mississippi River mouth as the primary source for terrigenous particles, and extent and duration of summertime water column hypoxia. The vertical distribution of 239,240Pu and 210Pbxs (= 210Pbtotal - 226Ra) provided reliable geochronological age constraints to develop models for mass accumulation rates and historic trace element inputs and variations. Mass accumulation rates ranged from 0.27 to 0.87 g cm-2 yr-1 and were internally consistent using either 210Pbxs or 239,240Pu. Measured inventories of 137Cs, 239,240Pu, and 210Pbxs were compared to atmospheric deposition rates to quantify potential sediment focusing or winnowing. Observed variability in calculated mass accumulation rates may be attributed foremost to site-specific proximity to the river mouth (i.e., sediment source), variability in water depth, and enhanced sediment focusing at the Mississippi River canyon site. Trace element concentrations were first normalized to Al, and then Al-normalized enrichment factors (ANEF) were calculated based on preanthropogenic and crustal trace element abundances. These ANEFs were typically > 1 for V and Ba, while for most other elements studied, either no enrichment or depletion was observed. The enrichment of Ba may be related, in part, to the seasonal occurrence of oxygen-depleted subsurface waters off the Mississippi River delta, as well as being an ubiquitous by-product of the petroleum industry. ?? 2006 Estuarine Research Federation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., Baskaran, M., Rosenbauer, R., and Orem, W., 2006, Historical trace element distribution in sediments from the Mississippi River delta: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 29, no. 6 B, p. 1094-1107.","startPage":"1094","endPage":"1107","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31a2e4b0c8380cd5e0c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baskaran, M.","contributorId":96627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskaran","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.J.","contributorId":37320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028832,"text":"70028832 - 2006 - Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transport and retention in tropical, rain forest streams draining a volcanic landscape in Costa Rica: In situ SRP amendment to streams and laboratory studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028832","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transport and retention in tropical, rain forest streams draining a volcanic landscape in Costa Rica: In situ SRP amendment to streams and laboratory studies","docAbstract":"Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transport/retention was determined in two rain forest streams (Salto, Pantano) draining La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. There, SRP levels can be naturally high due to groundwater enriched by geothermal activity within the surfically dormant volcanic landscape, and subsequently discharged at ambient temperature. Combined field and laboratory approaches simulated high but natural geothermal SRP input with the objective of estimating the magnitude of amended SRP retention within high and low SRP settings and determining the underlying mechanisms of SRP retention. First, we examined short-term SRP retention/transport using combined SRP-conservative tracer additions at high natural in situ concentrations. Second, we attempted to observe a DIN response during SRP amendment as an indicator of biological uptake. Third, we determined SRP release/retention using laboratory sediment assays under control and biologically inhibited conditions. Short-term in situ tracer-SRP additions indicated retention in both naturally high and low SRP reaches. Retention of added SRP mass in Upper Salto (low SRP) was 17% (7.5 mg-P m-2 h-1), and 20% (10.9 mg-P m-2 h -1) in Lower Salto (high SRP). No DIN response in either nitrate or ammonium was observed. Laboratory assays using fresh Lower Salto sediments indicated SRP release (15.4 ?? 5.9 ??g-P g dry wt.-1 h -1), when incubated in filter sterilized Salto water at ambient P concentration, but retention when incubated in filter sterilized river water amended to 2.0 mg SRP l-1 (233.2 ?? 5.8 ??g-P g dry wt. -1 h-1). SRP uptake/release was similar in both control- and biocide-treated sediments indicating predominantly abiotic retention. High SRP retention even under biologically saturated conditions, absence of a DIN response to amendment, patterns of desorption following amendment, and similar patterns of retention and release under control and biologically inhibited conditions all indicated predominantly abiotic P flux. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-006-9048-0","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Triska, F., Pringle, C.M., Duff, J., Avanzino, R., and Zellweger, G., 2006, Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transport and retention in tropical, rain forest streams draining a volcanic landscape in Costa Rica: In situ SRP amendment to streams and laboratory studies: Biogeochemistry, v. 81, no. 2, p. 145-157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-006-9048-0.","startPage":"145","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209930,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-006-9048-0"},{"id":236690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b924ae4b08c986b319e03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Triska, F.","contributorId":70173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, C. M.","contributorId":72902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avanzino, R.J.","contributorId":37336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zellweger, G.","contributorId":78526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028833,"text":"70028833 - 2006 - The practical use of simplicity in developing ground water models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028833","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The practical use of simplicity in developing ground water models","docAbstract":"The advantages of starting with simple models and building complexity slowly can be significant in the development of ground water models. In many circumstances, simpler models are characterized by fewer defined parameters and shorter execution times. In this work, the number of parameters is used as the primary measure of simplicity and complexity; the advantages of shorter execution times also are considered. The ideas are presented in the context of constructing ground water models but are applicable to many fields. Simplicity first is put in perspective as part of the entire modeling process using 14 guidelines for effective model calibration. It is noted that neither very simple nor very complex models generally produce the most accurate predictions and that determining the appropriate level of complexity is an ill-defined process. It is suggested that a thorough evaluation of observation errors is essential to model development. Finally, specific ways are discussed to design useful ground water models that have fewer parameters and shorter execution times.","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00227.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 2006, The practical use of simplicity in developing ground water models, in Ground Water, v. 44, no. 6, p. 775-781, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00227.x.","startPage":"775","endPage":"781","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209931,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00227.x"},{"id":236691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baec0e4b08c986b3242f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028762,"text":"70028762 - 2006 - Variables influencing the presence of subyearling fall Chinook salmon in shoreline habitats of the Hanford Reach, Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T16:06:57","indexId":"70028762","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variables influencing the presence of subyearling fall Chinook salmon in shoreline habitats of the Hanford Reach, Columbia River","docAbstract":"Little information currently exists on habitat use by subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha rearing in large, main-stem habitats. We collected habitat use information on subyearlings in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River during May 1994 and April-May 1995 using point abundance electrofishing. We analyzed measures of physical habitat using logistic regression to predict fish presence and absence in shoreline habitats. The difference between water temperature at the point of sampling and in the main river channel was the most important variable for predicting the presence and absence of subyearlings. Mean water velocities of 45 cm/s or less and habitats with low lateral bank slopes were also associated with a greater likelihood of subyearling presence. Intermediate-sized gravel and cobble substrates were significant predictors of fish presence, but small (<32-mm) and boulder-sized (>256-mm) substrates were not. Our rearing model was accurate at predicting fish presence and absence using jackknifing (80% correct) and classification of observations from an independent data set (76% correct). The habitat requirements of fall Chinook salmon in the Hanford Reach are similar to those reported for juvenile Chinook salmon in smaller systems but are met in functionally different ways in a large river.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M04-161.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., Clark, L., Garland, R., and Rondorf, D., 2006, Variables influencing the presence of subyearling fall Chinook salmon in shoreline habitats of the Hanford Reach, Columbia River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 2, p. 351-360, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-161.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"360","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488438,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2506806","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Hanford Reach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.83337402343749,\n 46.640008243515915\n ],\n [\n -119.81689453125,\n 46.61171462536894\n ],\n [\n -119.61639404296874,\n 46.6286925708375\n ],\n [\n -119.49005126953124,\n 46.6965511173143\n ],\n [\n -119.3609619140625,\n 46.511625395437925\n ],\n [\n -119.27581787109374,\n 46.40756396630067\n ],\n [\n -119.26208496093751,\n 46.240651955001695\n ],\n [\n -119.07257080078124,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -119.02862548828125,\n 46.231153027822046\n ],\n [\n -119.22088623046875,\n 46.32417161725694\n ],\n [\n -119.2236328125,\n 46.50217348354072\n ],\n [\n -119.39117431640625,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n -119.50103759765625,\n 46.751153008636884\n ],\n [\n -119.68780517578125,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -119.80865478515625,\n 46.65132155014943\n ],\n [\n -119.83337402343749,\n 46.640008243515915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc14be4b08c986b32a4f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, L.O.","contributorId":85745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"L.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garland, R.D.","contributorId":60806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garland","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028606,"text":"70028606 - 2006 - Impact of quaternary climate on seepage at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028606","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Impact of quaternary climate on seepage at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Uranium-series ages, oxygen-isotopic compositions, and uranium contents were determined in outer growth layers of opal and calcitefrom 0.5- to 3-centimeter-thick mineral coatings hosted by lithophysal cavities in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the proposed site of a permanent repository for high-level radioactive waste. Micrometer-scale growth layering in the minerals was imaged using a cathodoluminescence detector on a scanning electron microscope. Determinations of the chemistry, ages, and delta oxygen-18 (??18O) values of the growth layers were conducted by electron microprobe analysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry techniques at spatial resolutions of 2 to about 20 micrometers (??m) and 25 to 40 ??m, respectively. Growth rates for the last 300 thousand years (k.y.) calculated from about 300 new high-resolution uranium-series ages range from approximately 0.5 to 1.5 ??m/k.y. for 1- to 3-centimeter-thick coatings, whereas coatings less than about 1-centimeter-thick have growth rates less than 0.5 ??m/k.y. At the depth of the proposed repository, correlations of uranium concentration and ??18O values with regional climate records indicate that unsaturated zone percolation and seepage water chemistries have responded to changes in climate during the last several hundred thousand years.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM","conferenceTitle":"11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0894486918; 9780894486913","usgsCitation":"Whelan, J.F., Paces, J., Neymark, L., Schmitt, A., and Grove, M., 2006, Impact of quaternary climate on seepage at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, in Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM, v. 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006, p. 199-206.","startPage":"199","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38c5e4b0c8380cd616b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, A.K.","contributorId":75320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grove, M.","contributorId":65271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028604,"text":"70028604 - 2006 - Effects of livestock watering sites on alien and native plants in the Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028604","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of livestock watering sites on alien and native plants in the Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"Increased livestock densities near artificial watering sites create disturbance gradients called piospheres. We studied responses of alien and native annual plants and native perennial plants within 9 piospheres in the Mojave Desert of North America. Absolute and proportional cover of alien annual plants increased with proximity to watering sites, whereas cover and species richness of native annual plants decreased. Not all alien species responded the same, as the alien forb Erodium cicutarium and the alien grass Schismus spp. increased with proximity to watering sites, and the alien annual grass Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens decreased. Perennial plant cover and species richness also declined with proximity to watering sites, as did the structural diversity of perennial plant cover classes. Significant effects were focused within 200 m of the watering sites, suggesting that control efforts for alien annual plants and restoration efforts for native plants should optimally be focused within this central part of the piosphere gradient.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.022","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M., Matchett, J., and Berry, K., 2006, Effects of livestock watering sites on alien and native plants in the Mojave Desert, USA: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 67, no. SUPPL., p. 125-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.022.","startPage":"125","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.022"},{"id":236536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0748e4b0c8380cd5161c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M.L.","contributorId":70322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matchett, J.R.","contributorId":11535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028850,"text":"70028850 - 2006 - Mercury in soils, lakes, and fish in Voyageurs National Park (Minnesota): Importance of atmospheric deposition and ecosystem factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028850","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in soils, lakes, and fish in Voyageurs National Park (Minnesota): Importance of atmospheric deposition and ecosystem factors","docAbstract":"Concentrations of methylmercury in game fish from many interior lakes in Voyageurs National Park (MN, U.S.A.) substantially exceed criteria for the protection of human health. We assessed the importance of atmospheric and geologic sources of mercury to interior lakes and watersheds within the Park and identified ecosystem factors associated with variation in methylmercury contamination of lacustrine food webs. Geologic sources of mercury were small, based on analyses of underlying bedrock and C-horizon soils, and nearly all mercury in the O- and A-horizon soils was derived from atmospheric deposition. Analyses of dated sediment cores from five lakes showed that most (63% ?? 13%) of the mercury accumulated in lake sediments during the 1900s was from anthropogenic sources. Contamination of food webs was assessed by analysis of whole, 1-year-old yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a regionally important prey fish. The concentrations of total mercury in yellow perch and of methylmercury in lake water varied substantially among lakes, reflecting the influence of ecosystem processes and variables that affect the microbial production and abundance of methylmercury. Models developed with the information-theoretic approach (Akaike Information Criteria) identified lake water pH, dissolved sulfate, and total organic carbon (an indicator of wetland influence) as factors influencing methylmercury concentrations in lake water and fish. We conclude that nearly all of the mercury in fish in this seemingly pristine landscape was derived from atmospheric deposition, that most of this bioaccumulated mercury was from anthropogenic sources, and that both watershed and lacustrine factors exert important controls on the bioaccumulation of methylmercury. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es060822h","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Wiener, J., Knights, B., Sandheinrich, M., Jeremiason, J.D., Brigham, M.E., Engstrom, D., Woodruff, L.G., Cannon, W., and Balogh, S., 2006, Mercury in soils, lakes, and fish in Voyageurs National Park (Minnesota): Importance of atmospheric deposition and ecosystem factors: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 20, p. 6261-6268, https://doi.org/10.1021/es060822h.","startPage":"6261","endPage":"6268","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es060822h"},{"id":236379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5416e4b0c8380cd6ce9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knights, B.C. 0000-0001-8526-8468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":42937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandheinrich, M.B.","contributorId":76263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jeremiason, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":7146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeremiason","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brigham, M. 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G.","contributorId":46999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Balogh, S.J.","contributorId":107455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balogh","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ]}