Defining biodegradation rates and processes is a critical part of assessing the feasibility of monitored natural attenuation as a remediation method for ground water containing organic contaminants. During 1998–2001, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a microbial study at a freshwater tidal wetland along the West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, as part of an investigation of natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the wetland sediments. Geochemical analyses and molecular biology techniques were used to investigate factors controlling anaerobic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA), and to characterize the microbial communities that potentially are important in its degradation. Rapid TeCA and daughter product degradation observed in laboratory experiments and estimated with field data confirm that natural attenuation is a feasible remediation method at this site. The diverse microbial community that seems to be involved in TeCA degradation in the wetland sediments varies with changing spatial and seasonal conditions, allowing continued effective natural attenuation throughout the year.
Rates of TeCA degradation in anaerobic microcosm experiments conducted with wetland sediment collected from two different sites (WB23 and WB30) and during three different seasons (March–April 1999, July–August 1999, and October–November 2000) showed little spatial variability but high seasonal variability. Initial first-order degradation rate constants for TeCA ranged from 0.10±0.01 to 0.16±0.05 per day (halflives of 4.3 to 6.9 days) for March–April 1999 and October–November 2000 microcosms incubated at 19 degrees Celsius, whereas lower rate constants of 0±0.03 and 0.06±0.03 per day were obtained in July–August 1999 microcosms incubated at 19 degrees Celsius. Microbial community profiles showed that low microbial biomass and microbial diversity in the summer, possibly due to competition for nutrients by the wetland vegetation, could account for these unexpectedly low degradation rates. In microcosms incubated at 5 degrees Celsius, about 50 percent of the initial TeCA in solution was converted to daughter products within a 35-day incubation period, indicating that biodegradation in the wetland sediments can continue during cold winter temperatures.
Initial pathways of TeCA degradation were the same in the wetland sediment microcosms regardless of the season or sediment collection site, the reduction-oxidation conditions, and the previous exposure of the sediment to contamination. Immediate and simultaneous dichloroelimination and hydrogenolysis, producing 1,2-dichloroethene (12DCE) and 1,1,2-trichloroethane (112TCA), respectively, were the initial TeCA degradation pathways in all live microcosm experiments. The production and degradation of vinyl chloride (VC), which is the most toxic of the TeCA daughter compounds, was affected by spatial and seasonal variability, reduction-oxidation condition, and pre-exposure of the wetland sediment. TeCA-amended microcosms constructed with WB30 sediment showed approximately twice as much VC production as those constructed with WB23 sediment. Results of 112TCA-amended microcosms indicated that the greater production of VC in the WB30 sediment resulted from a greater predominance of the 112TCA dichloro elimination pathway in these sediments. VC degradation also was substantially higher in microcosms constructed with WB30 sediment than those constructed with WB23 sediment, resulting in lower VC concentrations at the end of WB30 microcosms. Enrichment experiments in which microcosm slurry was amended with high initial VC concentrations showed that the spatial difference in VC degradation was negligible after prolonged incubation under methanogenic conditions. Inhibition of methanogenic activity in microcosms by addition of sulfate or of 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid inhibited production and degradation of VC. Inhibition of methanogenesis by addition of ferric iron or of 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid also completely inhibited VC degradation in VC-amended enrichment experiments. Pre-exposure to VC substantially increased degradation in VC-amended enrichment experiments.
A microbial consortium, rather than one microbial species or group, likely is involved in the degradation of TeCA, as indicated by the occurrence of multiple degradation pathways and the variability in VC production and degradation. A bacterial peak at 90 base pair (bp) fragment length in terminal- restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) profiles was associated with TeCA hydrogenolysis to 112TCA, and bacterial species represented by 198 and 170 bp fragment lengths were associated with TeCA dichloroelimination to 12DCE. Dichloroelimination of 112TCA to VC was associated with increasing dominance of the 198 bp bacterial peak in March–April 1999 and October–November 2000 microcosms, whereas an 86 bp or the 170 bp bacterial peak was associated with 112TCA dichloroelimination in the summer experiment. Hydrogenolysis of 12DCE to VC was associated with a carbon dioxide-utilizing methanogen at 307 bp in the March–April 1999 and October–November 2000 microcosm experiments, whereas production of VC occurred despite low methanogen biomass and methane production in the July–August 1999 experiments. Production of VC in the absence of methane production also occurred in 12DCE-amended enrichment cultures. The exponential production of VC in the 12DCE-amended enrichment cultures after an initial lag indicated growth of a microbial species or group, possibly one of the known dehalorespiring bacteria. Molecular analyses using specific primers targeting dehalorespiring bacteria of the Dehalococcoides group (Dehalococcoides ethenogenes and Dehalococcoides sp. strain FL2) and of the acetate-oxidizing Desulfuromonas group (Desulfuromonas sp. strain BB1 and Desulfuromonas chloroethenica) showed the presence of these bacteria in microcosm slurry from site WB30 but not from site WB23. Addition of hydrogen, which is the favored substrate of Dehalococcoides, tripled VC production in 12DCE-amended enrichment cultures. VC degradation showed a marked association with an increase in the relative proportion of Methanosarcinaceae, a family of methanogens that includes all those capable of utilizing acetate as a substrate, in the total methanogen community.
Half-lives for TeCA and TCE estimated from field data were in the range of 60 to 100 days, which agrees well with laboratory estimates of degradation rates considering the inherent differences in the laboratory and field systems. Both laboratory microcosm experiments and field data showed that 12DCE and VC are the predominant, persistent daughter compounds from TeCA degradation. In addition, porewater chemistry showed higher accumulation of VC in the wetland sediment at site WB30 than at site WB23, as was observed in the microcosm experiments. Molecular analyses of grab samples of surficial wetland sediment showed that all the microbial species or groups linked to TeCA degradation in the microcosm experiments were present in all sediment samples. Microbial biomass and diversity were lowest in an area of the wetland (transect C-C') where porewater VOC concentrations are highest, indicating that the higher VOC concentrations could result from lower degradation rates. The lower microbial biomass and diversity in this area could be caused by toxic effects of the contaminants, or possibly from differences in frequency and duration of tidal inundation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024157","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M.M., Voytek, M.A., Kirshtein, J.D., and Jones, E.J., 2003, Anaerobic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and association with microbial communities in a freshwater tidal wetland, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: Laboratory experiments and comparisons to field data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4157, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024157.","productDescription":"73 p.","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4619,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415373,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54802.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Aberdeen Proving Ground","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.31214399911431,\n 39.39822152190294\n ],\n [\n -76.31214399911431,\n 39.39573391671823\n ],\n [\n -76.30887080874729,\n 39.39573391671823\n ],\n [\n -76.30887080874729,\n 39.39822152190294\n ],\n [\n -76.31214399911431,\n 39.39822152190294\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683a80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, Mary A.","contributorId":91943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirshtein, Julie D.","contributorId":26033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Elizabeth J. (Phillips)","contributorId":96957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Elizabeth","suffix":"(Phillips)","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":69707,"text":"i2765 - 2003 - Geologic map of the Salmon National Forest and vicinity, east-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:33","indexId":"i2765","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2765","title":"Geologic map of the Salmon National Forest and vicinity, east-central Idaho","docAbstract":"The geology of the Salmon National Forest, Idaho, was compiled from \r\n published and unpublished sources and new field mapping by Evans, Lund, \r\n Tysdal, and Winkler between 1997 and 2001. The geology was compiled \r\n onto 1:100,000-scale topographic base maps for input into a geographic \r\n information system (GIS). The digital geologic map database can be \r\n queried in many ways to produce a variety of geologic maps.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2765","isbn":"0607891092","usgsCitation":"Evans, K.V., and Green, G.N., 2003, Geologic map of the Salmon National Forest and vicinity, east-central Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2765, 2 sheets; Accompanied by 19 page text, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2765.","productDescription":"2 sheets; Accompanied by 19 page text","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110390,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54463.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54463"},{"id":191349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6378,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2003/i-2765/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,44.3 ], [ -115,45.68444444444444 ], [ -113,45.68444444444444 ], [ -113,44.3 ], [ -115,44.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f6019","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Karl V. kvevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Karl","email":"kvevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":280949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Gregory N.","contributorId":40226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69637,"text":"i2789 - 2003 - Map of surficial deposits and materials in the eastern and central United States (east of 102 degrees West longitude)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:34","indexId":"i2789","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2789","title":"Map of surficial deposits and materials in the eastern and central United States (east of 102 degrees West longitude)","docAbstract":"This data set contains surficial geologic units in the Eastern and Central \r\n United States, as well as a glacial limit line showing the position of \r\n maximum glacial advance during various geologic time periods. The \r\n geologic units represent surficial deposits and other surface materials \r\n that accumulated or formed during the past 2+ million years, such as \r\n soils, alluvium, and glacial deposits. These surface materials are \r\n referred to collectively by many geologists as regolith, the mantle of \r\n fragmented and generally unconsolidated material that overlies the bedrock \r\n foundation of a continent. \r\n\r\n This data set and the printed map produced from it, U.S. Geological Survey \r\n (USGS) Geologic Investigation Series I-2789, were based on 31 published \r\n maps in the USGS's Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States map \r\n series (USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-1420). The data were \r\n compiled at 1:1,000,000 scale, to be viewed as a digital map at \r\n 1:2,000,000 nominal scale and to be printed as a conventional paper map at \r\n 1:2,500,000 scale.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2789","isbn":"0607893699","usgsCitation":"Fullerton, D.S., Bush, C.A., and Pennell, J.N., 2003, Map of surficial deposits and materials in the eastern and central United States (east of 102 degrees West longitude): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2789, 1 map : col. ; 116 x 117 cm., on sheet 121 x 130 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. + 1 pamphlet (46 p. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/i2789.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 116 x 117 cm., on sheet 121 x 130 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. + 1 pamphlet (46 p. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110437,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_55297.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"55297"},{"id":191705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6290,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2789/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,24 ], [ -102,49 ], [ -67,49 ], [ -67,24 ], [ -102,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db65828c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fullerton, David S. fullerton@usgs.gov","contributorId":448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fullerton","given":"David","email":"fullerton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, Charles A. cbush@usgs.gov","contributorId":1258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"cbush@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pennell, Jean N.","contributorId":107793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pennell","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51471,"text":"ofr0372 - 2003 - Archive of Chirp subbottom data collected during USGS Cruise RAFA01025, Choptank River, Maryland, March 6-9, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:13","indexId":"ofr0372","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-72","title":"Archive of Chirp subbottom data collected during USGS Cruise RAFA01025, Choptank River, Maryland, March 6-9, 2001","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0372","usgsCitation":"Swift, B.A., Thieler, E., Colman, S.M., and Nichols, D., 2003, Archive of Chirp subbottom data collected during USGS Cruise RAFA01025, Choptank River, Maryland, March 6-9, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-72, 1 CD-ROM : col. ill., col. maps ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0372.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM : col. ill., col. maps ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679dbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swift, B. Ann","contributorId":92685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":243676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":243675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, D.R.","contributorId":42979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":51618,"text":"wri024177 - 2003 - Occurrence and distribution of dissolved trace elements in the surface waters of the Yakima River basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:14:48","indexId":"wri024177","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4177","title":"Occurrence and distribution of dissolved trace elements in the surface waters of the Yakima River basin, Washington","docAbstract":"The occurrence, distribution, and transport of dissolved (filtered-water) trace elements in the surface waters of the Yakima River Basin were assessed using data collected between 1999 and 2000 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey s National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Samples were collected at 34 sites throughout the basin in August 1999, using a Lagrangian sampling design. From May 1999 through January 2000, samples also were collected weekly during the irrigation season and once per month during the nonirrigation season at three intensive fixed sites. Although the focus of this study was on 9 trace elements (aluminum, arsenic, barium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, uranium, and zinc), 14 additional elements were analyzed in filtered water.
\nConcentrations of most trace elements in filtered water generally were low and there were no exceedances of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) freshwater aquatic-life water-quality criteria. The USEPA drinking-water standard for arsenic (10 µg/L) was exceeded in two samples that were collected under base-flow conditions during the nonirrigation season at Granger Drain. Over 40 percent of all filtered-water samples collected during this study exceeded the USEPA health advisory level of 2.0 µg/L for arsenic. Arsenic concentrations in agricultural drains were highest when the drains were primarily fed by shallow ground water, and concentrations in the Yakima River were highest when the river was fed primarily by agricultural return flow. The USEPA secondary maximum contaminant level for manganese (50 µg/L) was exceeded in three samples collected at Granger Drain during the nonirrigation season.
\nInstantaneous arsenic loads calculated for August 1999 were similar to mean monthly loads determined in August 1989 at two intensive fixed sites located on the Yakima main stem. In August 1999, arsenic loads increased twofold between the Yakima River at river mile 72 above Satus and the Yakima River at Kiona at river mile 29.9. The dissolved arsenic loads for the Yakima River at Euclid Bridge at river mile 55 near Grandview and Yakima River at Kiona were within 13 percent of the August 1989 levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024177","collaboration":"USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Hughes, C.A., 2003, Occurrence and distribution of dissolved trace elements in the surface waters of the Yakima River basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4177, x, 76 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024177.","productDescription":"x, 76 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":86588,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4177/wri02-4177.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"},{"id":124658,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4177/report-thumb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03152","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R.G., Briggs, P.H., Rieffenberger, B., Dorn, C.V., Brown, A., Crock, J.G., Hageman, P.H., Meier, A., Sutley, S.J., Theodorakos, P.M., and Wilson, S.A., 2003, Geochemical data for stream sediment and surface water samples from Panther Creek, the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, and the Main Salmon River, collected before and after the Clear Creek, Little Pistol, and Shellrock wildfires of 2000 in central Idaho (Version 1.0; Supersedes U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-161): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-152, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03152.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409081,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67603.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4444,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/152/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Panther Creek, the Middle Fork of the Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.4667,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -115.4667,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -115.4667,\n 45.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0; Supersedes U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-161","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":30973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rieffenberger, Betsy","contributorId":49662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieffenberger","given":"Betsy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorn, Carol Van Zoe","contributorId":19432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorn","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Van Zoe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Ann","contributorId":13864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hageman, Philip H.","contributorId":32035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Meier, Allen","contributorId":29037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sutley, Stephen J.","contributorId":60296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Theodorakos, Peter M. ptheodor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakos","given":"Peter","email":"ptheodor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wilson, Stephen A. 0000-0002-9468-0005 swilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":1617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Stephen","email":"swilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":50727,"text":"ofr02478 - 2003 - Archive of seismic-reflection data collected during USGS cruise Lake Mead 01007 in Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona, 1-28 April, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:20","indexId":"ofr02478","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-478","title":"Archive of seismic-reflection data collected during USGS cruise Lake Mead 01007 in Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona, 1-28 April, 2001","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02478","usgsCitation":"Cross, V.A., and Twichell, D.C., 2003, Archive of seismic-reflection data collected during USGS cruise Lake Mead 01007 in Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona, 1-28 April, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-478, 1 DVD : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02478.","productDescription":"1 DVD : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679baf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, VeeAnn A.","contributorId":103311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"VeeAnn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":242169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51401,"text":"ofr03249 - 2003 - North Dakota aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T21:11:00.280531","indexId":"ofr03249","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-249","title":"North Dakota aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data","docAbstract":"The North Dakota aeromagnetic grid is constructed from grids that \r\n combine information collected in 13 separate aeromagnetic surveys \r\n conducted between 1978 and 2001. The data from these surveys are \r\n of varying quality. The design and specifications (terrain \r\n clearance, sampling rates, line spacing, and reduction \r\n procedures) varied from survey to survey depending on the purpose \r\n of the project and the technology of that time. Every attempt was \r\n made to acquire the data in digital form. Most of the available \r\n digital data were obtained from aeromagnetic surveys flown by the \r\n U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), flown on contract with the USGS, \r\n or were obtained from other federal agencies and state universities. \r\n Some of the 1980 data are available only on hand-contoured maps \r\n and had to be digitized. These maps were digitized along \r\n flight-line/contour-line intersections, which is considered to be \r\n the most accurate method of recovering the original data. Digitized \r\n data are available as USGS Open File Report 99-557. All surveys \r\n have been continued to 304.8 meters (1000 feet) above ground and \r\n then blended or merged together.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03249","usgsCitation":"Sweeney, R.E., and Hill, P.L., 2003, North Dakota aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-249, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03249.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4408,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-249/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":393125,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_55299.htm"},{"id":178837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8510","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweeney, Ronald E.","contributorId":89564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Patricia L. pathill@usgs.gov","contributorId":1327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","email":"pathill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47761,"text":"wri024270 - 2003 - Changes in nutrient and pesticide concentrations in urban and agricultural areas of the South Platte River Basin, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska, 1994–2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T20:41:39.273101","indexId":"wri024270","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4270","title":"Changes in nutrient and pesticide concentrations in urban and agricultural areas of the South Platte River Basin, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska, 1994–2000","docAbstract":"As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitored two sites on the main-stem South Platte River? an urban site in Denver and a mixed urban/agricultural site near Kersey?to determine changes in nutrient and pesticide concentrations from 1994 through 2000. Concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and orthophosphorus decreased at the Denver site during the study period, likely due to an increase in instream dilution of wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) discharge and upgrades at the WWTPs. In contrast, only concentrations of orthophosphorus decreased at the Kersey site; agricultural inputs between Denver and Kersey may have offset the observed decreases in other nutrients upstream. During the extreme low-flow conditions in 1994, when there was relatively little snowmelt to dilute instream pesticide concentrations, total median pesticide concentrations at both sites were the highest of the study period. During the less extreme conditions in 1997 through 2000, greater amounts of snowmelt likely led to lower total median pesticide concentrations at both sites. Because pesticide-use data are not available, the contribution of changes in the amount and type of pesticides applied on the land to changes in the concentration of pesticides in the river is not known but likely was substantial. In general, insecticides predominated at the Denver site, whereas herbicides predominated at the Kersey site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024270","usgsCitation":"Sprague, L.A., and Greve, A.I., 2003, Changes in nutrient and pesticide concentrations in urban and agricultural areas of the South Platte River Basin, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska, 1994–2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4270, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024270.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395932,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54637.htm"},{"id":4087,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024270/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"South Platte River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.2250,\n 38.7583\n ],\n [\n -100.6833,\n 38.7583\n ],\n [\n -100.6833,\n 41.4458\n ],\n [\n -106.2250,\n 41.4458\n ],\n [\n -106.2250,\n 38.7583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6b45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greve, Adrienne I.","contributorId":40959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greve","given":"Adrienne","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51512,"text":"ofr034 - 2003 - Archive of seismic-reflection data collected during USGS cruise Lake Mead 00027 in Lake Mead - Nevada, 1-6 June, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:27","indexId":"ofr034","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4","title":"Archive of seismic-reflection data collected during USGS cruise Lake Mead 00027 in Lake Mead - Nevada, 1-6 June, 2000","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr034","usgsCitation":"Cross, V.A., and Twichell, D.C., 2003, Archive of seismic-reflection data collected during USGS cruise Lake Mead 00027 in Lake Mead - Nevada, 1-6 June, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-4, 1 DVD : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr034.","productDescription":"1 DVD : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-114.8767292286215, 36.132586317287384], [-114.87367062046933, 36.13352742748803], [-114.8631419500993, 36.12935125097247], [-114.85914223174643, 36.124292783643945], [-114.85737765012011, 36.12464569996928], [-114.86078917459758, 36.1351155509517], [-114.85596598481906, 36.13188048463693], [-114.85514251339357, 36.126822017308186], [-114.85302501544207, 36.125292713232106], [-114.83349697877799, 36.121351814266895], [-114.83249704918984, 36.12811604383415], [-114.83496746346661, 36.135527286664455], [-114.83255586857742, 36.13629193870265], [-114.8306148287885, 36.13376270503818], [-114.83073246756354, 36.1297041672978], [-114.82843851144946, 36.12870423770965], [-114.82785031757396, 36.13064527749842], [-114.82479170942177, 36.130115903010726], [-114.82449761248415, 36.12799840505914], [-114.81855685434238, 36.125292713232106], [-114.81908622883026, 36.119351955090345], [-114.80878107213289, 36.12082243977904], [-114.80848697519514, 36.117881470401855], [-114.81854509046485, 36.11658744387593], [-114.82119196290422, 36.11735209591397], [-114.82125078229184, 36.12064598161629], [-114.8256034169699, 36.121351814266895], [-114.83248528531236, 36.120763620391465], [-114.83277938225001, 36.119528413253136], [-114.8455431893467, 36.12082243977904], [-114.84548436995912, 36.118116747952], [-114.83942597304231, 36.118881399990094], [-114.82642688839553, 36.115411056125126], [-114.82101550474162, 36.11252890613554], [-114.81694520312367, 36.10668225901389], [-114.81088680620682, 36.105741148813124], [-114.79141758893043, 36.09680060190674], [-114.76916621462321, 36.08263689338654], [-114.7390800978954, 36.08357800358737], [-114.73843308463245, 36.08598959847648], [-114.76613701616476, 36.09075396886747], [-114.76925444370448, 36.092400911718585], [-114.7681956947287, 36.093694938244546], [-114.73708023871895, 36.08734244438998], [-114.73625676729331, 36.08228397706142], [-114.76996027635495, 36.08051939543519], [-114.7931351150466, 36.096165352521375], [-114.8124102283442, 36.10422360861457], [-114.81640994669705, 36.10457652493988], [-114.82505639666573, 36.11302887092971], [-114.83123243235771, 36.11596984030676], [-114.84458443332973, 36.116616853569596], [-114.845607890673, 36.11214658011653], [-114.84860767943763, 36.11155838624108], [-114.8497252478009, 36.11385234235518], [-114.85554836716763, 36.113146509704734], [-114.86366544264843, 36.11938136478426], [-114.86307724877302, 36.122322334161254], [-114.86595939876258, 36.121792959673364], [-114.86690050896316, 36.1229105280367], [-114.86544767009094, 36.12441042241909], [-114.86709461294213, 36.126586739758054], [-114.87738800576199, 36.131821665249376], [-114.8767292286215, 36.132586317287384]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-114.87738800576199, 36.08051939543519, -114.73625676729331, 36.13629193870265], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091856\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679c92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, VeeAnn A.","contributorId":103311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"VeeAnn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":243779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51972,"text":"wri034072 - 2003 - Vulnerability of ground water to contamination, northern Bexar County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-17T18:47:07.597597","indexId":"wri034072","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4072","title":"Vulnerability of ground water to contamination, northern Bexar County, Texas","docAbstract":"The Trinity aquifer, composed of Lower Cretaceous carbonate rocks, largely controls the ground-water hydrology in the study area of northern Bexar County, Texas. Discharge from the Trinity aquifer recharges the downgradient, hydraulically connected Edwards aquifer one of the most permeable and productive aquifers in the Nation and the sole source of water for more than a million people in south-central Texas. The unconfined, karstic outcrop of the Edwards aquifer makes it particularly vulnerable to contamination resulting from urbanization that is spreading rapidly northward across an \"environmentally sensitive\" recharge zone of the Edwards aquifer and its upgradient \"catchment area,\" composed mostly of the less permeable Trinity aquifer.
A better understanding of the Trinity aquifer is needed to evaluate water-management decisions affecting the quality of water in both the Trinity and Edwards aquifers. A study was made, therefore, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System to assess northern Bexar County's vulnerability to ground-water contamination. The vulnerability of ground water to contamination in this area varies with the effects of five categories of natural features (hydrogeologic units, faults, caves and (or) sinkholes, slopes, and soils) that occur on the outcrop and in the shallow subcrop of the Glen Rose Limestone.
Where faults affect the rates of recharge or discharge or the patterns of ground-water flow in the Glen Rose Limestone, they likewise affect the risk of water-quality degradation. Caves and sinkholes generally increase the vulnerability of ground water to contamination, especially where their occurrences are concentrated. The slope of land surface can affect the vulnerability of ground water by controlling where and how long a potential contaminant remains on the surface. Disregarding the exception of steep slopes which are assumed to have no soil cover the greater the slope, the less the risk of ground-water contamination. Because most soils in the study area are uniformly thin, they have only minimal effect on the vulnerability of ground water to contamination.
The results of hydrogeologic mapping during the present study divide the outcrop of the Glen Rose Limestone into five mappable intervals, labeled (youngest to oldest) A through E. Of these intervals, only the middle (C) and the lowermost (E) generally provide appreciable permeability.
The vulnerability assessment provided herein was determined by combining the presumed effects of selected natural features (with individual vulnerability ratings ranging from 0 through 35) using a grid-based, multilayer system of digital datasets and geographic information system analysis. The resulting vulnerability map comprises composite vulnerability ratings that range from 26 through 104. The relatively less vulnerable areas those containing no faults, sinkholes, or caves occupy about 92 percent of the study area. The most vulnerable areas are those containing both a fault and one or more caves. The distribution of the most vulnerable areas which trend from southwest to northeast, roughly parallel to the Balcones fault zone occur mainly where faults intersect caves.
Streambed-sediment and fish-tissue samples were collected at eight sites in the Great and Little Miami Basins as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. The samples were analyzed for trace elements and synthetic organic compounds, including organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and semivolatile compounds (SVOCs). Data from state-agency investigations within the study unit (more than 200 sites) were incorporated to gain a broader perspective of the occurrence and distribution of contaminants in the study unit. All data were compared to streambed-sediment-quality guidelines and fish-tissue guidelines to identify elevated contaminant concentrations. Guideline exceedances were plotted on distribution maps to identify areas in the study unit that may be of potential concern for wildlife health.
Several trace elements were detected in both sediment and fish-tissue samples. In sediment, lead and zinc were most frequently detected at levels that may have adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Generally, only one of the trace elements analyzed for per site exceeded concentrations above which adverse biological effects are frequently anticipated.
Organochlorine insecticides were infrequently detected in sediment or fish tissue throughout the study unit. More organochlorine insecticides were detected in fish tissues than in sediment; however, more guidelines were exceeded in sediment. No distinct geographic overlap between sediment and fish-tissue sites was evident with respect to elevated organochlorine insecticide concentrations. Sediment-quality guideline exceedances were generally widespread throughout the study unit, whereas fish-tissue guidelines were exceeded only on the Mad River.
PCBs were detected more often in fish tissue than in sediment throughout the study unit. Elevated PCB concentrations in fish tissue were common and widespread. No distinct geographic overlap of PCB exceedances was evident between sediment and fish-tissue sites.
In sediments, elevated concentrations were detected most often for SVOCs, particularly for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Areas where SVOC guidelines were frequently exceeded include the Great Miami River main stem from Dayton to south of Hamilton, and the Upper Little Miami River Basin in Greene County.
Overall, a higher frequency of trace-element detections in fish tissue and sediment trace-element guideline exceedances was found in the Great Miami River Basin than in the Little Miami River Basin. Organochlorine insecticide guidelines for fish tissue and sediment, as well as PCB and SVOC guidelines for sediment also were exceeded more frequently in the Great Miami River Basin. PCB guideline exceedances for fish tissue were found more often in the Little Miami River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024305","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Janosy, S.D., 2003, Trace elements and synthetic organic compounds in streambed sediment and fish tissue in the Great and Little Miami River basins, Ohio and Indiana, 1990-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4305, Report: vii, 29 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024305.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 29 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":84662,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4305/wri20024305.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4305"},{"id":170850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4305/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229
The SideBar computer program provides a visual display of seismic shaking intensity as recorded at one specific seismograph. This software allows a user to tap into the seismic data recorded on that specific seismograph and to display the overall level of shaking at the single location where that seismograph resides (usually the same place the user is). From this shaking level, SideBar also estimates the potential for damage nearby. SideBar cannot tell you the “Richter magnitude” of the earthquake (see box), only how hard the ground shook locally and this estimate of how much damage is likely in the neighborhood. This combination of local effects is called the “seismic intensity”.
\nSideBar runs on a standard desktop or laptop PC, and is intended for the media, schools, emergency responders, and any other group hosting a seismograph and who want to know immediately after an earthquake the levels of shaking measured by that instrument. These local values can be used to inform the public and help initiate appropriate local emergency response activities in the minutes between the earthquake and availability of the broader coverage provided by the USGS over the Web, notably by ShakeMap. For example, for instruments installed in schools, the level of shaking and likely damage at the school could immediately be Web broadcast and parents could quickly determine the likely safety of their children—their biggest postearthquake concern. Also, in the event of a Web outage, SideBar may be a continuing primary source of local emergency response information for some additional minutes.
\nSpecifically, SideBar interprets the peak level of acceleration (that is, the force of shaking, as a percentage of the force of gravity) as well as the peak velocity, or highest speed, at which the ground moves. Using these two basic measurements, SideBar computes what is called Instrumental Intensity—a close approximation of the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale, or “MMI” (using the Wald et al., 1999a, relationships between acceleration, velocity, and shaking intensity). Intensity is a measure of local shaking strength and the potential for damage—of how bad the earthquake effects were locally. The intensity level is what SideBar displays most prominently on the PC monitor. Intensity is shown as a large, colored bar that gets taller and changes color up a rainbow from blues toward reds as the shaking level increases. As opposed to earthquake magnitudes, which are reported as decimal values (like “7.6”), intensity is traditionally given as a Roman numeral, with “I” to “X+” assigned to levels of potential damage and perceived shaking strength. For good measure, SideBar shows the actual values of the force of shaking (peak ground acceleration as a percentage of gravity) and the speed of ground motion (peak ground velocity in inches per second, by default, or in centimeters per second, if you wish), both these values as decimal numbers.
\nSideBar also remembers the most recent earthquakes (for up to one week), and can store as many of these previous earthquakes as the user allows (and as the user’s PC has room for)—typically thousands. SideBar also remembers forever the three largest earthquakes it has seen and all earthquakes over intensity IV so that one never loses particularly important events.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03202","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.R., 2003, The Sidebar Computer Program, a seismic-shaking intensity meter: users' manual and software description (Release 3.0.TO): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-202, Report: 22 p.; SideBar 3.0TO, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03202.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; SideBar 3.0TO","numberOfPages":"22","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03202.jpg"},{"id":4432,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0202/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285661,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0202/pdf/SideBarManual.pdf"},{"id":285662,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0202/SideBar.zip"}],"edition":"Release 3.0.TO","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a939","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50852,"text":"wri034012 - 2003 - Water-quality trends in New England rivers during the 20th century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:30","indexId":"wri034012","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4012","title":"Water-quality trends in New England rivers during the 20th century","docAbstract":"Water-quality data from the Merrimack, Blackstone, and Connecticut Rivers in New England during parts of the 20th century were examined for trends in concentrations of sulfate, chloride, residue upon evaporation, nitrate, and total phosphorus. The concentrations of all five of these constituents show statistically significant trends during the century. Annual concentrations of sulfate and total phosphorus decreased during the second half of the century, whereas annual concentrations of nitrate, chloride, and residues increased throughout the century. In the Merrimack River, annual chloride concentrations increased by an order of magnitude. Annual nitrate concentrations also increased by an order of magnitude in the Merrimack and Connecticut Rivers. These changes in the water quality probably are related to changing human activities. Most notable is the relation between increasing use of road de-icing salts and chloride concentrations in rivers. In addition, changes in concentrations of nitrate and phosphorus probably are related to agricultural use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. For all the water-quality constituents assessed, concentrations were greatest in the Blackstone River. The Blackstone River Basin is smaller and more highly urbanized than the other basins studied. Data-collection programs that span multiple decades can provide valuable insight on the effects of changing human population and societal activities on the water quality of rivers. This study was done as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034012","usgsCitation":"Robinson, K.W., Campbell, J.P., and Jaworski, N.A., 2003, Water-quality trends in New England rivers during the 20th century: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4012, vii, 20 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034012.","productDescription":"vii, 20 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4622,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034012/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":179565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699286","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Keith W. kwrobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Keith","email":"kwrobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":242451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Jean P.","contributorId":67969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaworski, Norbert A.","contributorId":34587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaworski","given":"Norbert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50863,"text":"wri024287 - 2003 - Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin Study Unit, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Nutrients, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton, and suspended sediment in streams, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-04T18:16:30.666506","indexId":"wri024287","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4287","displayTitle":"Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin Study Unit, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Nutrients, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton, and suspended sediment in streams, 1996-98","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin Study Unit, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Nutrients, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton, and suspended sediment in streams, 1996-98","docAbstract":"Stream water-quality data from part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin Study Unit (Study Unit) from 1995 through 1998 was used to describe the distribution of nutrients, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton, and suspended sediment; and the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on reported concentrations, loads, and yields. During the study period, streamflows generally were near to greater than average. Agricultural land cover, particularly on tile-drained soils, had the most substantial influence on nutrients, chlorophyll a, and suspended sediment in the Study Unit. The greatest concentrations and yields of total nitrogen, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, dissolved nitrite nitrogen, total organic plus ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and suspended sediment were measured in a stream representing agricultural land cover on tile-drained soils. Total nitrogen yields also were about 6 times greater in a stream representing agricultural land cover on tile-drained soils than in a stream representing agricultural land cover on naturally welldrained soils.
\nUrban-residential land cover also influenced nutrients and suspended sediment in streams in the Study Unit. Concentrations and yields of total nitrogen, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total organic plus ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved orthophosphate phosphorus (orthophosphate), and suspended sediment in streams representing urban-residential land cover were less than those representing agricultural land cover on tile drained soil, and greater than those on forested land cover.
\nNutrients and suspended sediment in the Mississippi, Minnesota, and St. Croix Rivers generally reflect the influence of primary land cover in drainage areas of streams tributary to these rivers. In the Mississippi River, total nitrogen, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, dissolved ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved orthophosphate, and suspended-sediment concentrations and loads increased substantially downstream of the confluence with the Minnesota River at Hastings, Minnesota. Greater concentrations and loads of dissolved orthophosphate in the Mississippi River at Hastings, Minnesota probably were caused by wastewater discharges from the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (TCMA) and contributions from the Minnesota River. The median dissolved ammonia nitrogen concentration at the Mississippi River at Hastings, Minnesota, based on data collected during this study, was about one-half of the median concentrations previously reported for 1984-93, which can be attributed to reduced ammonia concentrations in municipal wastewater discharged from the TCMA.
\nIn the St. Croix River, total nitrogen, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, and total organic plus ammonia nitrogen concentrations were significantly greater at St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin compared to near Danbury, Wisconsin. All nutrient and suspended-sediment loads and yields in the St. Croix River increased in the downstream direction from near Danbury to St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin.
\nMost sites had pronounced seasonal variations in dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and dissolved ammonia nitrogen concentrations. At most sites, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations were greatest in the winter and spring and least during the summer and fall. In contrast, the greatest dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations in the Little Cobb River near Beauford, Minnesota; Minnesota River near Jordan, Minnesota; and Mississippi River at Hastings and Red Wing, Minnesota occurred during the spring and summer. These seasonal variations in dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations may be the result of nitrogen cycling in the soils, as well as crop uptake and hydrologic conditions. The greatest concentrations of dissolved ammonia nitrogen at all sites occurred in the winter and spring. The maximum contaminant level for nitrate of 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L) as nitrogen set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for drinking water was exceeded in 20 percent of the samples analyzed from the Little Cobb River near Beauford, Minnesota, and in 11 percent of the samples analyzed from the Minnesota River near Jordan, Minnesota.
\nThe greatest chlorophyll-a concentrations and algal abundances generally were measured in the Little Cobb River near Beauford, Minnesota; Minnesota River near Jordan, Minnesota; Mississippi River at Hastings, Minnesota; and the Mississippi River at Red Wing, Minnesota. Greater concentrations and algal abundances at these sites may have been the result of increased nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Total phosphorus concentrations at these sites most frequently exceeded the goal of 0.1 mg/L set by the USEPA to prevent eutrophication. Phytoplankton communities at these sites primarily were dominated by blue-green algae during the summer of 1996. In contrast, at most of the other sites, the phytoplankton community was dominated by diatoms.
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Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, R. M.","contributorId":98305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50869,"text":"wri20034060 - 2003 - Availability and distribution of base flow in lower Honokohau Stream, Island of Maui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-09T19:59:05.694862","indexId":"wri20034060","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4060","title":"Availability and distribution of base flow in lower Honokohau Stream, Island of Maui","docAbstract":"Honokohau Stream is one of the few perennial streams in the Lahaina District of West Maui. Current Honokohau water-use practices often lead to conflicts among water users, which are most evident during periods of base flow. To better manage the resource, data are needed that describe the availability and distribution of base flow in lower Honokohau Stream and how base flow is affected by streamflow diversion and return-flow practices. Flow-duration discharges for percentiles ranging from 50 to 95 percent were estimated at 13 locations on lower Honokohau Stream using data from a variety of sources. These sources included (1) available U.S. Geological Survey discharge data, (2) published summaries of Maui Land & Pineapple Company, Inc. diversion and water development-tunnel data, (3) seepage run and low-flow partial-record discharge measurements made for this study, and (4) current (2003) water diversion and return-flow practices. These flow-duration estimates provide a detailed characterization of the distribution and availability of base flow in lower Honokohau Stream.\r\n\r\nEstimates of base-flow statistics indicate the significant effect of Honokohau Ditch diversions on flow in the stream. Eighty-six percent of the total flow upstream from the ditch is diverted from the stream. Immediately downstream from the diversion dam there is no flow in the stream 91.2 percent of the time, except for minor leakage through the dam. Flow releases at the Taro Gate, from Honokohau Ditch back into the stream, are inconsistent and were found to be less than the target release of 1.55 cubic feet per second on 9 of the 10 days on which measurements were made. Previous estimates of base-flow availability downstream from the Taro Gate release range from 2.32 to 4.6 cubic feet per second (1.5 to 3.0 million gallons per day). At the two principal sites where water is currently being diverted for agricultural use in the valley (MacDonald's and Chun's Dams), base flows of 2.32 cubic feet per second (1.5 million gallons per day) are available more than 95 percent of the time at MacDonald's Dam and 80 percent of the time at Chun's Dam. Base flows of 4.6 cubic feet per second (3.0 million gallons per day) are available 65 and 56 percent of the time, respectively.\r\n\r\nA base-flow water-accounting model was developed to estimate how flow-duration discharges for 13 sites on Honokohau Stream would change in response to a variety of flow release and diversion practices. A sample application of the model indicates that there is a 1 to 1 relation between changes in flow release rates at the Taro Gate and base flow upstream from MacDonald's Dam. At Chun's Dam the relation between Taro Gate releases and base flow varies with flow-duration percentiles. At the 95th and 60th percentiles, differences in base flow at Chun's Dam would equal about 50 and 90 percent of the change at the Taro Gate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20034060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii Office of Hawaiian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Fontaine, R.A., 2003, Availability and distribution of base flow in lower Honokohau Stream, Island of Maui: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4060, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20034060.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424233,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54914.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4638,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178396,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Maui, lower Honokohau Stream","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.6883851856813,\n 21.048412044465138\n ],\n [\n -156.6883851856813,\n 20.760626004410966\n ],\n [\n -156.47231226942318,\n 20.760626004410966\n ],\n [\n -156.47231226942318,\n 21.048412044465138\n ],\n [\n -156.6883851856813,\n 21.048412044465138\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66799a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fontaine, Richard A. rfontain@usgs.gov","contributorId":2379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Richard","email":"rfontain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":242510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51445,"text":"ofr2003130 - 2003 - User's Guide for the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) Pollution Model Data Generator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:30","indexId":"ofr2003130","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-130","title":"User's Guide for the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) Pollution Model Data Generator","docAbstract":"BACKGROUND\r\n\r\nThroughout this user guide, we refer to datasets that we used in conjunction with developing of this software for supporting cartographic research and producing the datasets to conduct research. However, this software can be used with these datasets or with more 'generic' versions of data of the appropriate type. For example, throughout the guide, we refer to national land cover data (NLCD) and digital elevation model (DEM) data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at a 30-m resolution, but any digital terrain model or land cover data at any appropriate resolution will produce results. Another key point to keep in mind is to use a consistent data resolution for all the datasets per model run.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) developed the Agricultural Nonpoint Source (AGNPS) pollution model of watershed hydrology in response to the complex problem of managing nonpoint sources of pollution. AGNPS simulates the behavior of runoff, sediment, and nutrient transport from watersheds that have agriculture as their prime use. The model operates on a cell basis and is a distributed parameter, event-based model. The model requires 22 input parameters. Output parameters are grouped primarily by hydrology, sediment, and chemical output (Young and others, 1995.)\r\n\r\nElevation, land cover, and soil are the base data from which to extract the 22 input parameters required by the AGNPS. For automatic parameter extraction, follow the general process described in this guide of extraction from the geospatial data through the AGNPS Data Generator to generate input parameters required by the pollution model (Finn and others, 2002.)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003130","usgsCitation":"Finn, M.P., Scheidt, D.J., and Jaromack, G.M., 2003, User's Guide for the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) Pollution Model Data Generator: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-130, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003130.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10632,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://carto-research.er.usgs.gov/watershed/pdf/ADGen_uGuide.pdf","size":"1183","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Michael P. 0000-0003-0415-2194 mfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-2194","contributorId":2657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Michael","email":"mfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheidt, Douglas J.","contributorId":20014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheidt","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaromack, Gregory M.","contributorId":53463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaromack","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51424,"text":"ofr03169 - 2003 - Rainfall, runoff, and water-quality data for the urban storm-water program in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, metropolitan area, water year 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:33","indexId":"ofr03169","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-169","title":"Rainfall, runoff, and water-quality data for the urban storm-water program in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, metropolitan area, water year 2001","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03169","usgsCitation":"Kelly, T., and Romero, O., 2003, Rainfall, runoff, and water-quality data for the urban storm-water program in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, metropolitan area, water year 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-169, iv, 153 p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03169.","productDescription":"iv, 153 p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0169/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86545,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0169/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649874","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Todd","contributorId":89168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Todd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romero, Orlando","contributorId":92335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romero","given":"Orlando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50868,"text":"wri034043 - 2003 - Simulated ground-water flow in the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers, Rosebud Indian Reservation area, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T19:18:17.06992","indexId":"wri034043","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4043","title":"Simulated ground-water flow in the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers, Rosebud Indian Reservation area, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers are important water resources in the Rosebud Indian Reservation area and are used extensively for irrigation, municipal, and domestic water supplies. Continued or increased withdrawals from the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers in the Rosebud Indian Reservation area have the potential to affect water levels in these aquifers. This report describes a conceptual model of ground-water flow in these aquifers and documents the development and calibration of a numerical model to simulate ground-water flow. Data for a twenty-year period (water years 1979 through 1998) were analyzed for the conceptual model and included in steady-state and transient numerical simulations of ground-water flow for the same 20-year period.
A three-dimensional ground-water flow model, with two layers, was used to simulate ground-water flow in the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers. The upper layer represented the Ogallala aquifer, and the lower layer represented the Arikaree aquifer. The study area was divided into grid blocks 1,640 feet (500 meters) on a side, with 153 rows and 180 columns.
Areal recharge to the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers occurs from precipitation on the outcrop areas. The recharge rate for the steady-state simulation was 3.3 inches per year for the Ogallala aquifer and 1.7 inches per year for the Arikaree aquifer for a total recharge rate of 266 cubic feet per second.
Discharge from the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers occurs through evapotranspiration, discharge to streams, and well withdrawals. Discharge rates in cubic feet per second for the steady-state simulation were 184 for evapotranspiration, 46.8 and 19.7 for base flow to the Little White and Keya Paha Rivers, respectively, and 11.6 for well withdrawals from irrigation use. Estimated horizontal hydraulic conductivity used for the numerical model ranged from 0.2 to 120 feet per day in the Ogallala aquifer and 0.1 to 5.4 feet per day in the Arikaree aquifer. A uniform vertical hydraulic conductivity value of 6.6x10-4 feet per day was applied to the Ogallala aquifer. Vertical hydraulic conductivity was estimated for five zones in the Arikaree aquifer and ranged from 8.6x10-6 to 7.2x10-1 feet per day. Average rates of recharge, maximum evapotranspiration, and well withdrawals were included in the steady-state simulation, whereas the time-varying rates were included in the transient simulation.
Model calibration was accomplished by varying parameters within plausible ranges to produce the best fit between simulated and observed hydraulic heads and base-flow discharges from the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers. For the steady-state simulation, the root mean square error for simulated hydraulic heads for all wells was 26.8 feet. Simulated hydraulic heads were within ±50 feet of observed values for 95 percent of the wells. For the transient simulation, the difference between the simulated and observed means for hydrographs was within ±40 feet for all observation wells. The potentiometric surfaces of the two aquifers calculated by the steady-state simulation established initial conditions for the transient simulation.
A sensitivity analysis was used to examine the response of the calibrated steady-state model to changes in model parameters including horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity, evapotranspiration, recharge, and riverbed conductance. The model was most sensitive to recharge and horizontal hydraulic conductivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034043","usgsCitation":"Long, A.J., Putnam, L.D., and Carter, J.M., 2003, Simulated ground-water flow in the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers, Rosebud Indian Reservation area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4043, vi, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034043.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407732,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_55304.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4637,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers, Rosebud Indian Reservation area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.2833,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -100.25,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -100.25,\n 42.9569\n ],\n [\n -101.2833,\n 42.9569\n ],\n [\n -101.2833,\n 43.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae0db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, Larry D. ldputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","email":"ldputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":242509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":242507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50872,"text":"wri034128 - 2003 - Water Resources of the Ground-Water System in the Unconsolidated Deposits of the Colville River Watershed, Stevens County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:29","indexId":"wri034128","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4128","title":"Water Resources of the Ground-Water System in the Unconsolidated Deposits of the Colville River Watershed, Stevens County, Washington","docAbstract":"A study of the water resources of the ground-water system in the unconsolidated deposits of the Colville River Watershed provided the Colville River Watershed Planning Team with an assessment of the hydrogeologic framework, preliminary determinations of how the shallow and deeper parts of the ground-water system interact with each other and the surface-water system, descriptions of water-quantity characteristics including water-use estimates and an estimated water budget for the watershed, and an assessment of further data needs. The 1,007-square-mile watershed, located in Stevens County in northeastern Washington, is closed to further surface-water appropriations throughout most of the basin during most seasons. The information provided by this study will assist local watershed planners in assessing the status of water resources within the Colville River Watershed (Water Resources Inventory Area 59).\r\n\r\nThe hydrogeologic framework consists of glacial and alluvial deposits that overlie bedrock and are more than 700 feet thick in places. Twenty-six hydrogeologic sections were constructed, using a map of the surficial geology and drillers' logs for more than 350 wells. Seven hydrogeologic units were delineated: the Upper outwash aquifer, the Till confining unit, the Older outwash aquifer, the Colville Valley confining unit, the Lower aquifer, the Lower confining unit, and Bedrock.\r\n\r\nSynoptic stream discharge measurements made in September 2001 identified gaining and losing reaches over the unconsolidated valley deposits. During the September measurement period, the Colville River gained flow from the shallow ground-water system near its headwaters to the town of Valley and lost flow to the shallow ground-water system from Valley to Chewelah. Downstream from Chewelah, the river generally lost flow, but the amounts lost were small and within measurement error. Ground-water levels indicate that the Lower aquifer and the shallow ground-water system may act as fairly independent systems. The presence of flowing wells completed in the Lower aquifer indicates upward head gradients along much of the Colville Valley floor. \r\n\r\nTotal surface- and ground-water withdrawals during 2001 were estimated to be 9,340 million gallons. Water use for 2001, as a percentage of the total, was 75.3 percent for irrigation, 16.3 percent for public supply, 6.5 percent for private wells, and about 1 percent each for industrial and livestock use. An approximate water budget for a typical year in the Colville River Watershed shows that 27 inches of precipitation are balanced by 4.2 inches of streamflow discharge from the basin, 0.3 inch of ground-water discharge from the basin, and 22.5 inches of evapotranspiration.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034128","usgsCitation":"Kahle, S.C., Longpre, C.I., Smith, R.R., Sumioka, S.S., Watkins, A.M., and Kresch, D.L., 2003, Water Resources of the Ground-Water System in the Unconsolidated Deposits of the Colville River Watershed, Stevens County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4128, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034128.","productDescription":"84 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4639,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4987e4b07f02db5af274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kahle, Sue C. 0000-0003-1262-4446 sckahle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-4446","contributorId":3096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"Sue","email":"sckahle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longpre, Claire I.","contributorId":85253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longpre","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Raymond R.","contributorId":50217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sumioka, Steve S.","contributorId":71615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumioka","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watkins, Anni M.","contributorId":76818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"Anni","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kresch, David L.","contributorId":46084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresch","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":47819,"text":"fs00503 - 2003 - Municipal stormwater sampling program, metropolitan area, Albuquerque, New Mexico—summary of sampling, 1992–2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-12T10:40:44","indexId":"fs00503","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"005-03","displayTitle":"Municipal Stormwater Sampling Program, Metropolitan Area, Albuquerque, New Mexico—Summary of Sampling, 1992–2002","title":"Municipal stormwater sampling program, metropolitan area, Albuquerque, New Mexico—summary of sampling, 1992–2002","docAbstract":"Since 1992, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque, the Albuquerque Metropolitan Arroyo and Flood Control Authority (AMAFCA), the New Mexico Highway Department (NMHD), and the University of New Mexico (UNM), has collected stormwater-quality data to meet regulatory requirements for the application phase of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) stormwater permit. The phase I permit requirements apply to cities with populations of 100,000 or greater (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990). This report describes the stormwater sampling program implemented in the City of Albuquerque from 1992 to the present (2002).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs00503","usgsCitation":"Veenhuis, J.E., 2003, Municipal stormwater sampling program, metropolitan area, Albuquerque, New Mexico—summary of sampling, 1992–2002: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 005-03, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00503.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":84665,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0005/fs00503.pdf","text":"Report","size":"794 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0005/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113