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The database has wind turbine records that have been collected, digitized, locationally verified, and internally quality controlled. Turbines from the Federal Aviation Administration Digital Obstacles File, through product release date July 22, 2013, were used as the primary source of turbine data points. The dataset was subsequently revised and reposted as described in the revision histories for the report. Verification of the turbine positions was done by visual interpretation using high-resolution aerial imagery in Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) ArcGIS Desktop. Turbines without Federal Aviation Administration Obstacles Repository System numbers were visually identified and point locations were added to the collection. We estimated a locational error of plus or minus 10 meters for turbine locations. Wind farm facility names were identified from publicly available facility datasets. Facility names were then used in a Web search of additional industry publications and press releases to attribute additional turbine information (such as manufacturer, model, and technical specifications of wind turbines). Wind farm facility location data from various wind and energy industry sources were used to search for and digitize turbines not in existing databases. Technical specifications for turbines were assigned based on the wind turbine make and model as described in literature, specifications listed in the Federal Aviation Administration Digital Obstacles File, and information on the turbine manufacturer’s Web site. Some facility and turbine information on make and model did not exist or was difficult to obtain. Thus, uncertainty may exist for certain turbine specifications. That uncertainty was rated and a confidence was recorded for both location and attribution data quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds817","usgsCitation":"Diffendorfer, J.E., Compton, R., Kramer, L., Ancona, Z., and Norton, D., 2017,  Onshore industrial wind turbine locations for the United States (Version 1.0: Originally posted February 11, 2014; Version 1.1: May 4, 2015; Version 1.2: January 19, 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 817, Report: iii, 2 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds817.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 2 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalEnd":"2014-03-01","ipdsId":"IP-053290","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282262,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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             18.87510275035649\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted February 11, 2014; Version 1.1: May 4, 2015; Version 1.2: January 19, 2017","revisedDate":"2017-01-19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd69f6e4b0b29085102ef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diffendorfer, Jay E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":55137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"Jay","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Compton, Roger","contributorId":9961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Compton","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kramer, Louisa lkramer@usgs.gov","contributorId":5579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"Louisa","email":"lkramer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ancona, Zach","contributorId":53292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ancona","given":"Zach","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Norton, Donna dnorton@usgs.gov","contributorId":5580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Donna","email":"dnorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":488522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70191533,"text":"70191533 - 2017 - Micro-seismicity within the Coso Geothermal field, California, from 1996-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T14:56:42","indexId":"70191533","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Micro-seismicity within the Coso Geothermal field, California, from 1996-2012","docAbstract":"<p>We extend our previous catalog of seismicity within the Coso Geothermal field by adding over two and a half years of additional data to prior results. In total, we locate over 16 years of seismicity spanning from April 1996 to May of 2012 using a refined velocity model, apply it to all events and utilize differential travel times in relocations to improve the accuracy of event locations. The improved locations elucidate major structural features within the reservoir that we interpret to be faults that contribute to heat and fluid flow within the reservoir. Much of the relocated seismicity remains diffuse between these major structural features, suggesting that a large volume of accessible and distributed fracture porosity is maintained within the geothermal reservoir through ongoing brittle failure. We further track changes in b value and seismic moment release within the reservoir as a whole through time. We find that b values decrease significantly during 2009 and 2010, coincident with the occurrence of a greater number of moderate magnitude earthquakes (3.0 ≤ ML &lt; 4.5). Analysis of spatial variations in seismic moment release between years reveals that localized seismicity tends to spread from regions of high moment release into regions with previously low moment release, akin to aftershock sequences. These results indicate that the Coso reservoir is comprised of a network of fractures at a variety of spatial scales that evolves dynamically over time, with progressive changes in characteristics of microseismicity and inferred fractures and faults that are only evident from a long period of seismic monitoring analyzed using self-consistent methods.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Thirty-Eighth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Thirty-Eighth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceDate":"February 11-13, 2013","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, California","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford University","usgsCitation":"Kaven, J., Hickman, S.H., and Weber, L.C., 2017, Micro-seismicity within the Coso Geothermal field, California, from 1996-2012, <i>in</i> Proceedings, Thirty-Eighth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, California, February 11-13, 2013, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-043946","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso Geothermal Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.84,\n              35.95\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.76,\n              35.95\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.76,\n              36.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.84,\n              36.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.84,\n              35.95\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc5ae4b06e28e9c23da0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaven, J. Ole 0000-0003-2625-2786 okaven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-2786","contributorId":3993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaven","given":"J. Ole","email":"okaven@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weber, Lisa C.","contributorId":124586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":712664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70190114,"text":"70190114 - 2017 - Chemical tracer methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T17:27:03.084879","indexId":"70190114","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"Chemical tracer methods","docAbstract":"<p>Tracers have a wide variety of uses in hydrologic studies: providing quantitative or qualitative estimates of recharge, identifying sources of recharge, providing information on velocities and travel times of water movement, assessing the importance of preferential flow paths, providing information on hydrodynamic dispersion, and providing data for calibration of water flow and solute-transport models (Walker, 1998; Cook and Herczeg, 2000; Scanlon<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">et al</span>., 2002b). Tracers generally are ions, isotopes, or gases that move with water and that can be detected in the atmosphere, in surface waters, and in the subsurface. Heat also is transported by water; therefore, temperatures can be used to trace water movement. This chapter focuses on the use of chemical and isotopic tracers in the subsurface to estimate recharge. Tracer use in surface-water studies to determine groundwater discharge to streams is addressed in Chapter 4; the use of temperature as a tracer is described in Chapter 8.</p><p>Following the nomenclature of Scanlon<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">et al</span>. (2002b), tracers are grouped into three categories: natural environmental tracers, historical tracers, and applied tracers. Natural environmental tracers are those that are transported to or created within the atmosphere under natural processes; these tracers are carried to the Earth’s surface as wet or dry atmospheric deposition. The most commonly used natural environmental tracer is chloride (Cl) (Allison and Hughes, 1978). Ocean water, through the process of evaporation, is the primary source of atmospheric Cl. Other tracers in this category include chlorine-36 (<sup><span class=\"sup\">36</span></sup>Cl) and tritium (<sup><span class=\"sup\">3</span></sup>H); these two isotopes are produced naturally in the Earth’s atmosphere; however, there are additional anthropogenic sources of them.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating groundwater recharge","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, UK","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511780745.008","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 2017, Chemical tracer methods, chap. 7 <i>of</i> Estimating groundwater recharge, p. 136-165, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511780745.008.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"165","ipdsId":"IP-014174","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b76f73e4b08b1644ddfb03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70190183,"text":"70190183 - 2017 - Hydrogeology, groundwater flow, and groundwater quality of an abandoned underground coal-mine aquifer, Elkhorn Area, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T10:18:01","indexId":"70190183","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Hydrogeology, groundwater flow, and groundwater quality of an abandoned underground coal-mine aquifer, Elkhorn Area, West Virginia","docAbstract":"The Pocahontas No. 3 coal seam in southern West Virginia has been extensively mined by underground methods since the 1880’s. An extensive network of abandoned mine entries in the Pocahontas No. 3 has since filled with good-quality water, which is pumped from wells or springs discharging from mine portals (adits), and used as a source of water for public supplies. This report presents results of a three-year investigation of the geology, hydrology, geochemistry, and groundwater flow processes within abandoned underground coal mines used as a source of water for public supply in the Elkhorn area, McDowell County, West Virginia.  This study focused on large (> 500 gallon per minute) discharges from the abandoned mines used as public supplies near Elkhorn, West Virginia. Median recharge calculated from base-flow recession of streamflow at Johns Knob Branch and 12 other streamflow gaging stations in McDowell County was 9.1 inches per year. Using drainage area versus mean streamflow relationships from mined and unmined watersheds in McDowell County, the subsurface area along dip of the Pocahontas No. 3 coal-mine aquifer contributing flow to the Turkey Gap mine discharge was determined to be 7.62 square miles (mi2), almost 10 times larger than the 0.81 mi2 surface watershed. Results of this \r\ninvestigation indicate that groundwater flows down dip beneath surface drainage divides from areas up to six miles east in the adjacent Bluestone River watershed. A conceptual model was developed that consisted of a \r\nstacked sequence of perched aquifers, controlled by stress-relief and subsidence fractures, overlying a highly permeable abandoned underground coal-mine aquifer, capable of substantial interbasin transfer of water. Groundwater-flow directions are controlled by the dip of the Pocahontas No. 3 coal seam, the geometry of abandoned mine workings, and location of unmined barriers within that seam, rather than surface topography.  Seven boreholes were drilled to intersect abandoned mine workings in the Pocahontas No. 3 coal seam and underlying strata in various structural settings of the Turkey Gap and adjacent down-dip mines. Geophysical logging and aquifer testing were conducted on the boreholes to locate the coal- mine aquifers, characterize fracture geometry, and define permeable zones within strata overlying and underlying the Pocahontas No. 3 coal-mine aquifer. Water levels were measured monthly in the wells and showed a relatively static phreatic zone within subsided strata a few feet above the top of or within the Pocahontas No. 3 coal-mine aquifer (PC3MA). A groundwater-flow model was developed to verify and refine the conceptual understanding of groundwater flow and to develop groundwater budgets for the study area. The model consisted of four layers to represent overburden strata, the Pocahontas No. 3 coal-mine aquifer, underlying fractured rock, and fractured rock below regional drainage. Simulation of flow in the flooded abandoned mine entries using highly conductive layers or zones within the model, was unable to realistically simulate interbasin transfer of water. Therefore it was necessary to represent the coal-mine aquifer as an internal boundary condition rather than a contrast in aquifer properties. By \r\nrepresenting the coal-mine aquifer with a series of drain nodes and optimizing input parameters with parameter estimation software, model \r\nerrors were reduced dramatically and discharges for Elkhorn Creek, Johns Knob Branch, and other tributaries were more accurately simulated. Flow in the Elkhorn Creek and Johns Knob Branch watersheds is dependent on interbasin transfer of water, primarily from up dip areas of abandoned mine workings in the Pocahontas No. 3 coal-mine aquifer within the Bluestone River watershed to the east. For the 38th, 70th, and 87th percentile flow duration of streams in the region, mean measured groundwater discharge was estimated to be 1.30, 0.47, and 0.39 cubic feet per square mile (ft3/s/mi2","language":"English","publisher":"West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, and the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey","usgsCitation":"Kozar, M.D., McCoy, K.J., Britton, J.Q., and Blake, B., 2017, Hydrogeology, groundwater flow, and groundwater quality of an abandoned underground coal-mine aquifer, Elkhorn Area, West Virginia, x, 103 p.","productDescription":"x, 103 p.","ipdsId":"IP-037003","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science 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","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Britton, James Q.","contributorId":72864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blake, B.M. Jr.","contributorId":62430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"B.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70190201,"text":"70190201 - 2017 - Use of modflow drain package for simulating inter-basin transfer in abandoned coal mines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:44:34","indexId":"70190201","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of modflow drain package for simulating inter-basin transfer in abandoned coal mines","docAbstract":"Simulation of groundwater flow in abandoned mines is difficult, especially where flux to and from mines is unknown or poorly quantified, and inter-basin transfer of groundwater occurs. A 3-year study was conducted in the Elkhorn area, West Virginia to better understand groundwater-flow processes and inter-basin transfer in above drainage abandoned coal mines. The study area was specifically selected, as all mines are located above the elevation of tributary receiving streams, to allow accurate measurements of discharge from mine portals and tributaries for groundwater model calibration.\r\nAbandoned mine workings were simulated in several ways, initially as a layer of high hydraulic conductivity bounded by lower permeability rock in adjacent strata, and secondly as rows of higher hydraulic conductivity embedded within a lower hydraulic conductivity coal aquifer matrix. Regardless of the hydraulic conductivity assigned to mine workings, neither approach to simulate mine workings could accurately reproduce the inter-basin transfer of groundwater from adjacent watersheds. \r\nTo resolve the problem, a third approach was developed. The MODFLOW DRAIN package was used to simulate seepage into and through mine workings discharging water under unconfined conditions to Elkhorn Creek, North Fork, and tributaries of the Bluestone River. Drain nodes were embedded in a matrix of uniform hydraulic conductivity cells that represented the coal mine aquifer. Drain heads were empirically defined from well observations, and elevations were based on structure contours for the Pocahontas No. 3 mine workings. Use of the DRAIN package to simulate mine workings as an internal boundary condition resolved the inter-basin transfer problem, and effectively simulated a shift from a topographic- dominated to a dip-dominated flow system, by dewatering overlying unmined strata and shifting the groundwater drainage divide up dip within the Pocahontas No. 3 coal seam several kilometers into the adjacent Bluestone River Watershed. Model simulations prior to use of the DRAIN package for simulating mine workings produced estimated flows of 0.32 to 0.34 m3/s in each of the similar sized Elkhorn Creek and North Fork Watersheds, but failed to estimate inter-basin transfer of groundwater from the adjacent Bluestone River Watershed. The simulation of mine entries and discharge using the MODFLOW DRAIN package produced estimated flows of 0.46 and 0.26 m3/s for the Elkhorn Creek and North Fork watersheds respectively, which matched well measured flows for the respective watersheds of 0.47 and 0.26 m3/s.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings America Society of Mining and Reclamation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Sustainable Reclamation: 2012 National Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","conferenceDate":"June 8-15, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Tupelo, MS","language":"English","publisher":"ASMR","doi":"10.21000/JASMR12010304","usgsCitation":"Kozar, M.D., and McCoy, K.J., 2017, Use of modflow drain package for simulating inter-basin transfer in abandoned coal mines, <i>in</i> Proceedings America Society of Mining and Reclamation, Tupelo, MS, June 8-15, 2012, p. 304-320, 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,{"id":70190218,"text":"70190218 - 2017 - Species associations and habitat influence the range-wide distribution of breeding Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) on Western Hudson Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T18:03:37","indexId":"70190218","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Species associations and habitat influence the range-wide distribution of breeding Canada Geese (<i>Branta canadensis interior</i>) on Western Hudson Bay","title":"Species associations and habitat influence the range-wide distribution of breeding Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) on Western Hudson Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Inter- and intra-specific interactions are potentially important factors influencing the distribution of populations. Aerial survey data, collected during range-wide breeding population surveys for Eastern Prairie Population (EPP) Canada Geese (</span><i>Branta canadensis interior</i><span>), 1987–2008, were evaluated to assess factors influencing their nesting distribution. Specifically, associations between nesting Lesser Snow Geese (</span><i>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i><span>) and EPP Canada Geese were quantified; and changes in the spatial distribution of EPP Canada Geese were identified. Mixed-effects Poisson regression models of EPP Canada Goose nest counts were evaluated within a cross-validation framework. The total count of EPP Canada Goose nests varied moderately among years between 1987 and 2008 with no long-term trend; however, the total count of nesting Lesser Snow Geese generally increased. Three models containing factors related to previous EPP Canada Goose nest density (representing recruitment), distance to Hudson Bay (representing brood-habitat), nesting habitat type, and Lesser Snow Goose nest density (inter-specific associations) were the most accurate, improving prediction accuracy by 45% when compared to intercept-only models. EPP Canada Goose nest density varied by habitat type, was negatively associated with distance to coastal brood-rearing areas, and suggested density-dependent intra-specific effects on recruitment. However, a non-linear relationship between Lesser Snow and EPP Canada Goose nest density suggests that as nesting Lesser Snow Geese increase, EPP Canada Geese locally decline and subsequently the spatial distribution of EPP Canada Geese on western Hudson Bay has changed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.036.0105","usgsCitation":"Reiter, M., Andersen, D., Raedeke, A.H., and Humburg, D.D., 2017, Species associations and habitat influence the range-wide distribution of breeding Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) on Western Hudson Bay: Waterbirds, v. 36, no. 1, p. 20-33, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.036.0105.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"33","ipdsId":"IP-020583","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit 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,{"id":70039731,"text":"sir20125171 - 2017 - Methods for estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics and harmonic mean flows for streams in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T18:31:02","indexId":"sir20125171","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5171","title":"Methods for estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics and harmonic mean flows for streams in Iowa","docAbstract":"A statewide study was conducted to develop regression equations for estimating six selected low-flow frequency statistics and harmonic mean flows for ungaged stream sites in Iowa. The estimation equations developed for the six low-flow frequency statistics include: the annual 1-, 7-, and 30-day mean low flows for a recurrence interval of 10 years, the annual 30-day mean low flow for a recurrence interval of 5 years, and the seasonal (October 1 through December 31) 1- and 7-day mean low flows for a recurrence interval of 10 years. Estimation equations also were developed for the harmonic-mean-flow statistic. Estimates of these seven selected statistics are provided for 208 U.S. Geological Survey continuous-record streamgages using data through September 30, 2006. The study area comprises streamgages located within Iowa and 50 miles beyond the State's borders. Because trend analyses indicated statistically significant positive trends when considering the entire period of record for the majority of the streamgages, the longest, most recent period of record without a significant trend was determined for each streamgage for use in the study. The median number of years of record used to compute each of these seven selected statistics was 35. Geographic information system software was used to measure 54 selected basin characteristics for each streamgage. Following the removal of two streamgages from the initial data set, data collected for 206 streamgages were compiled to investigate three approaches for regionalization of the seven selected statistics. Regionalization, a process using statistical regression analysis, provides a relation for efficiently transferring information from a group of streamgages in a region to ungaged sites in the region. The three regionalization approaches tested included statewide, regional, and region-of-influence regressions. For the regional regression, the study area was divided into three low-flow regions on the basis of hydrologic characteristics, landform regions, and soil regions. A comparison of root mean square errors and average standard errors of prediction for the statewide, regional, and region-of-influence regressions determined that the regional regression provided the best estimates of the seven selected statistics at ungaged sites in Iowa. Because a significant number of streams in Iowa reach zero flow as their minimum flow during low-flow years, four different types of regression analyses were used: left-censored, logistic, generalized-least-squares, and weighted-least-squares regression. A total of 192 streamgages were included in the development of 27 regression equations for the three low-flow regions. For the northeast and northwest regions, a censoring threshold was used to develop 12 left-censored regression equations to estimate the 6 low-flow frequency statistics for each region. For the southern region a total of 12 regression equations were developed; 6 logistic regression equations were developed to estimate the probability of zero flow for the 6 low-flow frequency statistics and 6 generalized least-squares regression equations were developed to estimate the 6 low-flow frequency statistics, if nonzero flow is estimated first by use of the logistic equations. A weighted-least-squares regression equation was developed for each region to estimate the harmonic-mean-flow statistic. Average standard errors of estimate for the left-censored equations for the northeast region range from 64.7 to 88.1 percent and for the northwest region range from 85.8 to 111.8 percent. Misclassification percentages for the logistic equations for the southern region range from 5.6 to 14.0 percent. Average standard errors of prediction for generalized least-squares equations for the southern region range from 71.7 to 98.9 percent and pseudo coefficients of determination for the generalized-least-squares equations range from 87.7 to 91.8 percent. Average standard errors of prediction for weighted-least-squares equations developed for estimating the harmonic-mean-flow statistic for each of the three regions range from 66.4 to 80.4 percent. The regression equations are applicable only to stream sites in Iowa with low flows not significantly affected by regulation, diversion, or urbanization and with basin characteristics within the range of those used to develop the equations. If the equations are used at ungaged sites on regulated streams, or on streams affected by water-supply and agricultural withdrawals, then the estimates will need to be adjusted by the amount of regulation or withdrawal to estimate the actual flow conditions if that is of interest. Caution is advised when applying the equations for basins with characteristics near the applicable limits of the equations and for basins located in karst topography. A test of two drainage-area ratio methods using 31 pairs of streamgages, for the annual 7-day mean low-flow statistic for a recurrence interval of 10 years, indicates a weighted drainage-area ratio method provides better estimates than regional regression equations for an ungaged site on a gaged stream in Iowa when the drainage-area ratio is between 0.5 and 1.4. These regression equations will be implemented within the U.S. Geological Survey StreamStats web-based geographic-information-system tool. StreamStats allows users to click on any ungaged site on a river and compute estimates of the seven selected statistics; in addition, 90-percent prediction intervals and the measured basin characteristics for the ungaged sites also are provided. StreamStats also allows users to click on any streamgage in Iowa and estimates computed for these seven selected statistics are provided for the streamgage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., and Barnes, K., 2017, Methods for estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics and harmonic mean flows for streams in Iowa (Version 1.0: Originally posted 2012; Version 1.1: November 21, 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5171, viii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125171.","productDescription":"viii, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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,{"id":70188860,"text":"70188860 - 2017 - Lidar-Based Rock-Fall Hazard Characterization of Cliffs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:57:34","indexId":"70188860","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Lidar-Based Rock-Fall Hazard Characterization of Cliffs","docAbstract":"<p>Rock falls from cliffs and other steep slopes present numerous challenges for detailed geological characterization. In steep terrain, rock-fall source areas are both dangerous and difficult to access, severely limiting the ability to make detailed structural and volumetric measurements necessary for hazard assessment. Airborne and terrestrial lidar survey methods can provide high-resolution data needed for volumetric, structural, and deformation analyses of rock falls, potentially making these analyses straightforward and routine. However, specific methods to collect, process, and analyze lidar data of steep cliffs are needed to maximize analytical accuracy and efficiency. This paper presents observations showing how lidar data sets should be collected, filtered, registered, and georeferenced to tailor their use in rock fall characterization. Additional observations concerning surface model construction, volumetric calculations, and deformation analysis are also provided. </p>","conferenceTitle":"GeoCongress 2012","conferenceDate":"March 25-29, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Oakland, CA ","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/9780784412121.309","usgsCitation":"Collins, B.D., and M.Stock, G., 2017, Lidar-Based Rock-Fall Hazard Characterization of Cliffs, GeoCongress 2012, Oakland, CA , March 25-29, 2012, p. 3021-3030, https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412121.309.","productDescription":"10 p. 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,{"id":70258759,"text":"70258759 - 2017 - Dynamics of permeability evolution in stimulated geothermal reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-26T14:16:45.603983","indexId":"70258759","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-17T09:11:17","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"28","title":"Dynamics of permeability evolution in stimulated geothermal reservoirs","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatially and temporally evolving permeability fields are fundamentally associated with the operation of enhanced geothermal systems. This chapter explores the resulting magnitude and patterns of permeability alteration as well as the coupled physical processes that control the evolution of permeability during shear stimulation and long-term evolution of a geothermal reservoir. It also explores mechanisms involved in the enhancement of fracture permeability, targeting injection pressures that encourage self-propping shear stimulation alongside elastic pressure and thermal dilatation of fracture sets. Simulation of a short-term, high-injection-rate enhanced geothermal system stimulation explored the importance of hydraulic versus thermal effects and the impact of a temperature differential between fluid in the fractures and the adjoining rock matrix. The effects of variations in fracture spacing on the evolution of permeability is at least as important as the magnitude of initial permeability, and quantifying the driving mechanisms is critical to understanding reservoir response.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Crustal permeability","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781119166573.ch28","usgsCitation":"Taron, J.M., Ingebritsen, S.E., Hickman, S.H., and Williams, C.F., 2017, Dynamics of permeability evolution in stimulated geothermal reservoirs, chap. 28 <i>of</i> Crustal permeability, p. 363-372, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119166573.ch28.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"372","ipdsId":"IP-077971","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gleeson, Tom","contributorId":81041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleeson","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914110,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914111,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Taron, Joshua M. 0000-0003-2719-3917","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-3917","contributorId":248769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taron","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70190376,"text":"70190376 - 2017 - Volume change associated with formation and dissociation of hydrate in sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:10:45","indexId":"70190376","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volume change associated with formation and dissociation of hydrate in sediment","docAbstract":"<p><span>Gas hydrate formation and dissociation in sediments are accompanied by changes in the bulk volume of the sediment and can lead to changes in sediment properties, loss of integrity for boreholes, and possibly regional subsidence of the ground surface over areas where methane might be produced from gas hydrate in the future. Experiments on sand, silts, and clay subject to different effective stress and containing different saturations of hydrate formed from dissolved phase tetrahydrofuran are used to systematically investigate the impact of gas hydrate formation and dissociation on bulk sediment volume. Volume changes in low specific surface sediments (i.e., having a rigid sediment skeleton like sand) are much lower than those measured in high specific surface sediments (e.g., clay). Early hydrate formation is accompanied by contraction for all soils and most stress states in part because growing gas hydrate crystals buckle skeletal force chains. Dilation can occur at high hydrate saturations. Hydrate dissociation under drained, zero lateral strain conditions is always associated with some contraction, regardless of soil type, effective stress level, or hydrate saturation. Changes in void ratio during formation-dissociation decrease at high effective stress levels. The volumetric strain during dissociation under zero lateral strain scales with hydrate saturation and sediment compressibility. The volumetric strain during dissociation under high shear is a function of the initial volume average void ratio and the stress-dependent critical state void ratio of the sediment. Other contributions to volume reduction upon hydrate dissociation are related to segregated hydrate in lenses and nodules. For natural gas hydrates, some conditions (e.g., gas production driven by depressurization) might contribute to additional volume reduction by increasing the effective stress.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009GC002667","usgsCitation":"Ruppel, C.D., Lee, J.Y., and Santamarina, J.C., 2017, Volume change associated with formation and dissociation of hydrate in sediment: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 11, no. 3, Article Q03007; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002667.","productDescription":"Article Q03007; 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-017094","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gc002667","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a67d42e4b0fd9b77ce47ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":195778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, J. Y.","contributorId":195962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Santamarina, J. Carlos","contributorId":189401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santamarina","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carlos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70190116,"text":"70190116 - 2017 - Modeling hydraulic and sediment transport processes in white sturgeon spawning habitat on the Kootenai River, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T14:20:30","indexId":"70190116","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling hydraulic and sediment transport processes in white sturgeon spawning habitat on the Kootenai River, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p></p><p>The Kootenai River white sturgeon currently spawn (2005) in an 18-kilometer reach of the Kootenai River, Idaho. Since completion of Libby Dam upstream from the spawning reach, there has been only one successful year of recruitment of juvenile fish. Where successful in other rivers, white sturgeon spawn over clean coarse material of gravel size or larger. The channel substrate in the current spawning reach is composed primarily of sand and some buried gravel; within a few kilometers upstream there is clean gravel. We used a 2-dimensional flow and sediment-transport model and the measured locations of sturgeon spawning from 1994-2002 to gain insight into the paradox between the current spawning location and the absence of suitable substrate. Spatial correlations between spawning locations and the model simulations of velocity and depth indicate the white sturgeon tend to select regions of highest velocity and depth within any river cross-section to spawn. These regions of high velocity and depth are independent of pre- or post-dam flow conditions. A simple sediment-transport simulation suggests that high discharge and relatively long duration flow associated with pre-dam flow events might be sufficient to scour the sandy substrate and expose existing lenses of gravel and cobble as lag deposits in the current spawning reach.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000283","usgsCitation":"McDonald, R.R., Nelson, J.M., Paragamian, V., and Barton, G., 2017, Modeling hydraulic and sediment transport processes in white sturgeon spawning habitat on the Kootenai River, Idaho: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 136, no. 12, p. 1077-1092, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000283.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1077","endPage":"1092","ipdsId":"IP-010752","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Bonners Ferry","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.54983520507812,\n              48.59840868861914\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.04721069335936,\n              48.59840868861914\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.04721069335936,\n              48.93152205931365\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54983520507812,\n              48.93152205931365\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54983520507812,\n              48.59840868861914\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"136","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599e9448e4b04935557fe9cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paragamian, Vaughn","contributorId":195589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paragamian","given":"Vaughn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70193189,"text":"70193189 - 2017 - Coldwater Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-20T19:56:01.289294","indexId":"70193189","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"18","title":"Coldwater Streams","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Inland Fisheries Management in North America","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","isbn":"978-1-934874-16-5","usgsCitation":"Gresswell, R.E., and Vondracek, B.C., 2017, Coldwater Streams, chap. 18 <i>of</i> Inland Fisheries Management in North America.","ipdsId":"IP-008511","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349698,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349697,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/professional-and-trade/55060c/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc5ae4b06e28e9c23da2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":724465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vondracek, Bruce C. bcv@usgs.gov","contributorId":904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"Bruce","email":"bcv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189027,"text":"70189027 - 2017 - Identification of the Polaris Fault using lidar and shallow geophysical methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T16:00:56","indexId":"70189027","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identification of the Polaris Fault using lidar and shallow geophysical methods","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' (USACE) Dam Safety Assurance Program, Martis Creek Dam near Truckee, CA, is under evaluation for earthquake and seepage hazards. The investigations to date have included LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and a wide range of geophysical surveys. The LiDAR data led to the discovery of an important and previously unknown fault tracing very near and possibly under Martis Creek Dam. The geophysical surveys of the dam foundation area confirm evidence of the fault in the area.</span><span><br></span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2010","language":"English","publisher":"Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.4133/1.3445460","usgsCitation":"Hunter, L.E., Powers, M.H., and Burton, B.L., 2017, Identification of the Polaris Fault using lidar and shallow geophysical methods, <i>in</i> Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2010, p. 391-399, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.3445460.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"399","ipdsId":"IP-020173","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343182,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611b4e4b0d1f9f0506759","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, Lewis E.","contributorId":79568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":138925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70192279,"text":"70192279 - 2017 - Overview of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission collaborative research program to assess tsunami hazard for nuclear power plants on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T10:04:16","indexId":"70192279","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Overview of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission collaborative research program to assess tsunami hazard for nuclear power plants on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts","docAbstract":"In response to the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the  United States  \nNuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC) initiated a long-term research \nprogram to improve understanding of tsunami hazard levels for nuclear \nfacilities in the United States. For this effort, the US NRC organized \na collaborative research program with the United States Geological \nSurvey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \n(NOAA) with a goal of assessing tsunami hazard on the Atlantic and Gulf \nCoasts of the United States. Necessarily, the US NRC research program \nincludes both seismic- and landslide-based tsunamigenic sources in both \nthe near and the far fields. The inclusion of tsunamigenic landslides, \nan important category of sources that impact tsunami hazard levels for \nthe Atlantic  and  Gulf  Coasts  is  a  key  difference  between  this  \nprogram  and  most  other  tsunami  hazard  assessment programs. The \ninitial phase of this work consisted of collection, interpretation, and \nanalysis of available offshore data,  with  significant  effort  focused  \non  characterizing  offshore  near-field  landslides  and  analyzing  their \ntsunamigenic  potential  and  properties.  In  the  next phase  of  research,  \nadditional  field  investigations will  be conducted  in  key  locations  of  \ninterest  and  additional  analysis  will  be  undertaken.  Simultaneously,  \nthe   MOST tsunami  generation  and  propagation  model  used  by  NOAA  will  \nfirst  be  enhanced  to  include  landslide-based initiation mechanisms and \nthen will be used to investigate the impact of the tsunamigenic sources \nidentified and characterized by the USGS. The potential for probabilistic \ntsunami hazard assessment will also be explore in the final phases of the program.","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"October 12-17, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Beijing, China","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Earthquake Engineering","usgsCitation":"Kammerer, A., ten Brink, U., and Titov, V., 2017, Overview of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission collaborative research program to assess tsunami hazard for nuclear power plants on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, <i>in</i> 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering , Beijing, China, October 12-17, 2008, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-009974","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347191,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/14_15-0007.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.068359375,\n              29.305561325527698\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.53125,\n              29.84064389983441\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.44335937499999,\n              30.90222470517144\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.35546875,\n              31.50362930577303\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.30078125,\n              32.62087018318113\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.0703125,\n              33.358061612778876\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.181640625,\n              43.068887774169625\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.873046875,\n              43.77109381775651\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.0703125,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.740234375,\n              39.639537564366684\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2890625,\n              37.09023980307208\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.41015624999999,\n              35.817813158696616\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2890625,\n              34.95799531086792\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9921875,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.134765625,\n              33.578014746143985\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.068359375,\n              32.10118973232094\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.947265625,\n              30.90222470517144\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.068359375,\n              29.305561325527698\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05123e4b0220bbd9a1da7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kammerer, A.M.","contributorId":64383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kammerer","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12528,"text":"US Nuclear Regulatory Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Titov, V.V.","contributorId":48752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titov","given":"V.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":58308,"text":"sir20045209 - 2017 - A water-budget analysis of Medina and Diversion Lakes and the Medina/Diversion Lake system, with estimated recharge to Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T09:18:16","indexId":"sir20045209","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5209","title":"A water-budget analysis of Medina and Diversion Lakes and the Medina/Diversion Lake system, with estimated recharge to Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>In January 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey—in cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority—began a study to refine and, if possible, extend previously derived (1995–96) relations between the stage in Medina Lake and recharge to the Edwards aquifer to include the effects of reservoir stages below 1,018 feet and greater than 1,046&nbsp;feet above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929. The principal objective of this present (2001–02) study was to estimate ground-water outflow (seepage) from Medina Lake, Diversion Lake, and from the Medina/Diversion Lake system through the calculation of water budgets representing steady-state conditions over as wide a range as possible in the stages of Medina and Diversion Lakes. The water budgets were compiled for selected periods during which time the water-budget components were inferred to be relatively stable and the influence of precipitation, stormwater runoff, and changes in storage were presumably minimal.</p><p>Water budgets for the Medina/Diversion Lake system were compiled for 127 water-budget periods ranging from 8 to 78 days from daily hydrologic data collected during March&nbsp;1955–September 1964, October 1995–September 1996, and February 2001–June 2002. Budgets for Medina and Diversion Lakes were compiled for 14 periods ranging from 8 to 23&nbsp;days from daily hydrologic data collected only during October 1995–September 1996 and April 2001–June 2002.</p><p>Linear equations were developed to relate the stage in Medina Lake to ground-water outflow from Medina Lake, Diversion Lake, and the Medina/Diversion Lake system. The computed mean rates of outflow from Medina Lake ranged from about 18 to 182 acre-feet per day between stages of 1,019 and 1,064 feet above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929. The computed rates of outflow from Diversion Lake ranged from about -85 to 52 acre-feet per day. The rates of outflow from the entire lake system ranged from about 5 to 178 acre-feet per day between Medina Lake stages of 963 to 1,064 feet. It is assumed that all outflow from the lake system enters the ground-water system as recharge to the Edwards aquifer.</p><p>During the time that the stage in Medina Lake was greater than about 1,040 feet, Diversion Lake gained more water than it lost to the ground-water system and the rate of ground-water outflow from Medina Lake increased sharply while its stage was between about 1,043 and 1,045 feet. The observed outflow from Diversion Lake during this time decreased sharply to the extent that a net gain resulted—indicating that a substantial amount of the additional outflow from Medina Lake returned to Diversion Lake. When the stage in Medina Lake is at the spillway elevation of 1,064 feet, Diversion Lake appears to gain as much as 40 percent of the concurrent ground-water outflow from Medina Lake.</p><p>An indication of water moving from the lake system into the ground-water system and back to the surface-water system was observed in the most downstream reach of the Medina River, between Diversion Lake and the Medina River near Riomedina. During conditions of no flow over Diversion Dam, this reach of the Medina River gained from about 32 to 94 acre-feet per day, with the gain increasing with increasing stage in Diversion Lake.</p><p>The average of the monthly recharge to the Edwards aquifer from the Medina/Diversion Lake system—as estimated by the present study for the October 1995–September 2002 period—is 3,083 acre-feet, or about 56 percent of recharge computed for this period with a previously used (Lowry) method. The present study’s estimates of recharge for months with rising-lake stage conditions are about 44 percent of those computed with the previously used method, compared to about 60 percent for months with steady or falling-stage conditions. For stages greater than 1,045 feet, the present study estimated recharge to be about 52 percent of that computed with the previously used method, compared to about 64 percent at stages below 1,045 feet.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045209","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority","usgsCitation":"Slattery, R.N., and Miller, L.D., 2017, A water-budget analysis of Medina and Diversion Lakes and the Medina/Diversion Lake system, with estimated recharge to Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas (ver. 1.1, February 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5209, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045209. ","productDescription":"Report: iv, 41 p.; Appendix; Data Release; Version History","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335301,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5209/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.45 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":335300,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7ZS2TNF","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Reanalysis of the Medina/Diversion Lake System Water-Budget, with Estimated Recharge to Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio Area, Texas"},{"id":335297,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5209/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":335298,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5209/sir20045209.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2004–5209"},{"id":335299,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20173008","text":"Fact Sheet 2017–3008","size":"332 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2017–3008"},{"id":335302,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5209/sir20045209_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"363 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2004–5209 Appendix 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Upper Medina Basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.7869,29.7168],[-98.8056,29.6968],[-98.8042,29.2513],[-98.8039,29.0884],[-99.4107,29.087],[-99.4132,29.6253],[-99.6033,29.6257],[-99.6031,29.9068],[-99.6908,29.9079],[-99.6915,29.9575],[-99.6923,30.0775],[-99.7577,30.0772],[-99.7576,30.2882],[-99.3032,30.289],[-99.3034,30.1398],[-98.9217,30.139],[-98.5896,30.1375],[-98.4138,29.9442],[-98.6478,29.7477],[-98.6493,29.7495],[-98.6508,29.7509],[-98.6514,29.7523],[-98.6529,29.7532],[-98.6534,29.7532],[-98.6555,29.7528],[-98.6561,29.7514],[-98.6561,29.7491],[-98.6567,29.7478],[-98.6583,29.7478],[-98.6593,29.7492],[-98.6609,29.7492],[-98.6624,29.7492],[-98.663,29.7483],[-98.6646,29.7465],[-98.6646,29.7447],[-98.6646,29.7433],[-98.6657,29.7415],[-98.6683,29.7415],[-98.6725,29.7429],[-98.6741,29.742],[-98.6762,29.7407],[-98.681,29.7389],[-98.6926,29.7381],[-98.6984,29.7364],[-98.7016,29.7341],[-98.7042,29.7332],[-98.7084,29.7337],[-98.711,29.7342],[-98.7132,29.7315],[-98.7153,29.7283],[-98.719,29.7274],[-98.7222,29.728],[-98.7279,29.7294],[-98.7316,29.7294],[-98.7342,29.7285],[-98.7343,29.7267],[-98.7338,29.7235],[-98.7333,29.7208],[-98.7407,29.7185],[-98.747,29.7186],[-98.7527,29.721],[-98.7595,29.7224],[-98.768,29.7216],[-98.7801,29.7204],[-98.7843,29.7195],[-98.7869,29.7168]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bandera\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","edition":"Originally posted December 22, 2004; Version 1.1: February 15, 2017","contact":"<p>Director, Texas Water Science Center<br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1505 Ferguson Lane<br>Austin, TX 78754<br></p><p><a href=\"http://tx.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://tx.usgs.gov\">https://tx.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Water-Budget Analysis<br></li><li>Estimated Recharge to Edwards Aquifer<br></li><li>Summary<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li><li>Appendix 1. Statistical reanalysis of Medina Lake stage data and groundwater outflows from Medina/Diversion Lake system, San Antonio area, Texas<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2004-12-22","revisedDate":"2017-02-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a521f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slattery, Richard N. 0000-0002-9141-9776 rnslatte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-9776","contributorId":2471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slattery","given":"Richard","email":"rnslatte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Lisa D. 0000-0002-3523-0768 ldmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0768","contributorId":1125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lisa","email":"ldmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176667,"text":"sim3366 - 2016 - Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176667,"text":"sim3366 - 2016 - Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas","indexId":"sim3366","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70250060,"text":"sim3510 - 2023 - Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas","indexId":"sim3510","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70250060,"text":"sim3510 - 2023 - Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas","indexId":"sim3510","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T18:48:11.349185","indexId":"sim3366","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3366","title":"Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>During 2014–16, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority, documented the geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas. The Edwards and Trinity aquifers are major sources of water for agriculture, industry, and urban and rural communities in south-central Texas. Both the Edwards and Trinity are classified as major aquifers by the State of Texas.</p><p>The purpose of this report is to present the geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Tex. The report includes a detailed 1:24,000-scale hydrostratigraphic map, names, and descriptions of the geology and hydrostratigraphic units (HSUs) in the study area.</p><p>The scope of the report is focused on geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the outcrops and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Tex. In addition, parts of the adjacent upper confining unit to the Edwards aquifer are included.</p><p>The study area, approximately 866 square miles, is within the outcrops of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers and overlying confining units (Washita, Eagle Ford, Austin, and Taylor Groups) in northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Tex. The rocks within the study area are sedimentary and range in age from Early to Late Cretaceous. The Miocene-age Balcones fault zone is the primary structural feature within the study area. The fault zone is an extensional system of faults that generally trends southwest to northeast in south-central Texas. The faults have normal throw, are en echelon, and are mostly downthrown to the southeast.</p><p>The Early Cretaceous Edwards Group rocks were deposited in an open marine to supratidal flats environment during two marine transgressions. The Edwards Group is composed of the Kainer and Person Formations. Following tectonic uplift, subaerial exposure, and erosion near the end of Early Cretaceous time, the area of present-day south-central Texas was again submerged during the Late Cretaceous by a marine transgression resulting in deposition of the Georgetown Formation of the Washita Group.</p><p>The Early Cretaceous Edwards Group, which overlies the Trinity Group, is composed of mudstone to boundstone, dolomitic limestone, argillaceous limestone, evaporite, shale, and chert. The Kainer Formation is subdivided into (bottom to top) the basal nodular, dolomitic, Kirschberg Evaporite, and grainstone members. The Person Formation is subdivided into (bottom to top) the regional dense, leached and collapsed (undivided), and cyclic and marine (undivided) members.</p><p>Hydrostratigraphically the rocks exposed in the study area represent a section of the upper confining unit to the Edwards aquifer, the Edwards aquifer, the upper zone of the Trinity aquifer, and the middle zone of the Trinity aquifer. The Pecan Gap Formation (Taylor Group), Austin Group, Eagle Ford Group, Buda Limestone, and Del Rio Clay are generally considered to be the upper confining unit to the Edwards aquifer.</p><p>The Edwards aquifer was subdivided into HSUs I to VIII. The Georgetown Formation of the Washita Group contains HSU I. The Person Formation of the Edwards Group contains HSUs II (cyclic and marine members [Kpcm], undivided), III (leached and collapsed members [Kplc,] undivided), and IV (regional dense member [Kprd]), and the Kainer Formation of the Edwards Group contains HSUs V (grainstone member [Kkg]), VI (Kirschberg Evaporite Member [Kkke]), VII (dolomitic member [Kkd]), and VIII (basal nodular member [Kkbn]).</p><p>The Trinity aquifer is separated into upper, middle, and lower aquifer units (hereinafter referred to as “zones”). The upper zone of the Trinity aquifer is in the upper member of the Glen Rose Limestone. The middle zone of the Trinity aquifer is formed in the lower member of the Glen Rose Limestone, Hensell Sand, and Cow Creek Limestone. The regionally extensive Hammett Shale forms a confining unit between the middle and lower zones of the Trinity aquifer. The lower zone of the Trinity aquifer consists of the Sligo and Hosston Formations, which do not crop out in the study area.</p><p>The upper zone of the Trinity aquifer is subdivided into five informal HSUs (top to bottom): cavernous, Camp Bullis, upper evaporite, fossiliferous, and lower evaporite. The middle zone of the Trinity aquifer is composed of the (top to bottom) Bulverde, Little Blanco, Twin Sisters, Doeppenschmidt, Rust,&nbsp;Honey Creek, Hensell, and Cow Creek HSUs. The underlying Hammett HSU is a regional confining unit between the middle and lower zones of the Trinity aquifer. The lower zone of the Trinity aquifer is not exposed in the study area.</p><p>Groundwater recharge and flow paths in the study area are influenced not only by the hydrostratigraphic characteristics of the individual HSUs but also by faults and fractures and geologic structure. Faulting associated with the Balcones fault zone (1) might affect groundwater flow paths by forming a barrier to flow that results in water moving parallel to the fault plane, (2) might affect groundwater flow paths by increasing flow across the fault because of fracturing and juxtaposing porous and permeable units, or (3) might have no effect on the groundwater flow paths.</p><p>The hydrologic connection between the Edwards and Trinity aquifers and the various HSUs is complex. The complexity of the aquifer system is a combination of the original depositional history, bioturbation, primary and secondary porosity, diagenesis, and fracturing of the area from faulting. All of these factors have resulted in development of modified porosity, permeability, and transmissivity within and between the aquifers. Faulting produced highly fractured areas that have allowed for rapid infiltration of water and subsequently formed solutionally enhanced fractures, bedding planes, channels, and caves that are highly permeable and transmissive. The juxtaposition resulting from faulting has resulted in areas of interconnectedness between the Edwards and Trinity aquifers and the various HSUs that form the aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3366","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.K., Golab, J.A., and Morris, R.R., 2016, Geologic framework and hydrostratigraphy of the Edwards and Trinity aquifers within northern Bexar and Comal Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3366, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3366.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 20 p.; Sheet: 48.00 x 36.00 inches; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073371","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331194,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3366/sim3366_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"805 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3366 Pamphlet"},{"id":331192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3366/coverthb1.jpg"},{"id":331195,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3366/sim3366_BexarComalGIS.zip","text":"Appendix 1","size":"19.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIM 3366 Appendix 1"},{"id":331193,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3366/sim3366.pdf","text":"Map","size":"10.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3366"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Comal County, Bexar County","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer, Trinity Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.30017089843749,\n              30.0405664305846\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.65447998046875,\n              29.75364773335698\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.78494262695312,\n              29.72025928058346\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.80691528320311,\n              29.699982298744377\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.80691528320311,\n              29.489815619374962\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.60916137695312,\n              29.48383858387499\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.316650390625,\n              29.597341920567366\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.09280395507812,\n              29.685666670118724\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.99942016601562,\n              29.757224408272663\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.0364990234375,\n              29.852555290064018\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.30017089843749,\n              30.0405664305846\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, Texas Water Science Center<br>U.S.&nbsp;Geological Survey<br>1505 Ferguson Lane <br>Austin, Texas 78754–4501<br></p><p><a href=\"http://tx.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://tx.usgs.gov/\">http://tx.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Geologic Framework<br></li><li>Hydrostratigraphy<br></li><li>Summary<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li><li>Appendix 1<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-11-28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583d5030e4b0d9329c80c597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":79775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan K.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Golab, James A.","contributorId":95374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golab","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, Robert R. 0000-0001-7504-3732","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-3732","contributorId":106213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176940,"text":"ofr20161153 - 2016 - Groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain and Susquehanna River basins, New York, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T18:50:44.269309","indexId":"ofr20161153","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-08T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1153","title":"Groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain and Susquehanna River basins, New York, 2014","docAbstract":"<p>In a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, groundwater samples were collected from 6 production wells and 7 domestic wells in the Lake Champlain Basin and from 11 production wells and 9 domestic wells in the Susquehanna River Basin in New York. All samples were collected from June through December 2014 to characterize groundwater quality in these basins. The samples were collected and processed using standard procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey and were analyzed for 148 physiochemical properties and constituents, including dissolved gases, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, radionuclides, and indicator bacteria.</p><p>The Lake Champlain Basin study area covers the 3,050 square miles of the basin in northeastern New York; the remaining part of the basin is in Vermont and Canada. Of the 13 wells sampled in the Lake Champlain Basin, 6 are completed in sand and gravel, and 7 are completed in bedrock. Groundwater in the Lake Champlain Basin was generally of good quality, although properties and concentrations of some constituents— fluoride, iron, manganese, dissolved solids, sodium, radon-222, total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, and Escherichia coli bacteria—sometimes equaled or exceeded primary, secondary, or proposed drinking-water standards. The constituent most frequently detected in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards (5 of 13 samples) was radon-222.</p><p>The Susquehanna River Basin study area covers the entire 4,522 square miles of the basin in south-central New York; the remaining part of the basin is in Pennsylvania. Of the 20 wells sampled in the Susquehanna River Basin, 11 are completed in sand and gravel, and 9 are completed in bedrock. Groundwater in the Susquehanna River Basin was generally of good quality, although properties and concentrations of some constituents—pH, chloride, sodium, dissolved solids, iron, manganese, aluminum, arsenic, barium, gross-alpha radioactivity, radon-222, methane, total coliform bacteria, and fecal coliform bacteria—sometimes equaled or exceeded primary, secondary, or proposed drinking-water standards. As in the Lake Champlain Basin, the constituent most frequently detected in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards (13 of 20 samples) was radon-222.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161153","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Dept of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Scott, T.-M., Nystrom, E.A., and Reddy, J.E., 2016, Groundwater quality in the Lake Champlain and Susquehanna River basins, New York, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1153, 33 p., appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161153.","productDescription":"viii, 33p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073986","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ny@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_ny@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, New York Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey <br> 425 Jordan Road<br> Troy, NY 12180-8349<br> <a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments<br></li><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Methods of Investigation<br></li><li>Groundwater Quality<br></li><li>Summary<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li><li>Appendix 1. Results of Water-Sample Analyses, 2014<br></li><li>Appendix 2. Results of Water-Sample Analyses 2004-05, 2009, and 2014<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-11-04","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2ae4b0dee4cc90cbbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Tia-Marie 0000-0002-5677-0544 tia-mariescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-0544","contributorId":5122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Tia-Marie","email":"tia-mariescott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267 jreddy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":1080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James","email":"jreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70173841,"text":"sir20165084 - 2016 - Streamflow and estimated loads of phosphorus and dissolved and suspended solids from selected tributaries to Lake Ontario, New York, water years 2012–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T16:36:29.684202","indexId":"sir20165084","displayToPublicDate":"2021-09-10T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5084","title":"Streamflow and estimated loads of phosphorus and dissolved and suspended solids from selected tributaries to Lake Ontario, New York, water years 2012–14","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents results of the evaluation and interpretation of hydrologic and water-quality data collected as part of a cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Streamflow, phosphorus, and solids dissolved and suspended in stream water were the focus of monitoring by the U.S. Geological Survey at 10 sites on 9 selected tributaries to Lake Ontario during the period from October 2011 through September 2014. Streamflow yields (flow per unit area) were the highest from the Salmon River Basin due to sustained yields from the Tug Hill aquifer. The Eighteenmile Creek streamflow yields also were high as a result of sustained base flow contributions from a dam just upstream of the U.S. Geological Survey monitoring station at Burt. The lowest streamflow yields were measured in the Honeoye Creek Basin, which reflects a decrease in flow because of withdrawals from Canadice and Hemlock Lakes for the water supply of the City of Rochester. The Eighteenmile Creek and Oak Orchard Creek Basins had relatively high yields due in part to groundwater contributions from the Niagara Escarpment and seasonal releases from the New York State Barge Canal.</p><p>Annual constituent yields (load per unit area) of suspended solids, phosphorus, orthophosphate, and dissolved solids were computed to assess the relative contributions and allow direct comparison of loads among the monitored basins. High yields of total suspended solids were attributed to agricultural land use in highly erodible soils at all sites. The Genesee River, Irondequoit Creek, and Honeoye Creek had the highest concentrations and largest mean yields of total suspended solids (165 short tons per square mile [t/mi<sup>2</sup>], 184 t/mi<sup>2</sup>, and 89.7 t/mi<sup>2</sup>, respectively) of the study sites.</p><p>Samples from Eighteenmile Creek, Oak Orchard Creek at Kenyonville, and Irondequoit Creek had the highest concentrations and largest mean yields of phosphorus (0.27 t/mi<sup>2</sup>, 0.26 t/mi<sup>2</sup>, and 0.20 t/mi<sup>2</sup>, respectively) and orthophosphate (0.17 t/mi<sup>2</sup>, 0.13 t/mi<sup>2</sup>, and 0.04 t/mi<sup>2</sup>, respectively) of the study sites. These results were attributed to a combination of sources, including discharges from wastewater treatment plants, diversions from the New York State Barge Canal, and manure and fertilizers applied to agricultural land. Yields of phosphorus also were high in the Genesee River Basin (0.17 t/mi<sup>2</sup>) and were presumably associated with nutrient and sediment transport from agricultural land and from streambank erosion. The Salmon and Black Rivers, which drain a substantial amount of forested land and are influenced by large groundwater discharges, had the lowest concentrations and yields of phosphorus and orthophosphate of the study sites.</p><p>Mean annual yields of dissolved solids were the highest in Irondequoit Creek due to a high percentage of urbanized area in the basin and in Oak Orchard Creek at Kenyonville and in Eighteenmile Creek due to groundwater contributions from the Niagara Escarpment. High yields of dissolved solids of 840 t/mi<sup>2</sup>, 829 t/mi<sup>2</sup>, and 715 t/mi<sup>2</sup>, respectively, from these basins can be attributed to seasonal chloride yields associated with use of road deicing salts. The Niagara Escarpment can produce large amounts of dissolved solids from the dissolution of minerals (a continual process reflected in base flow samples). Groundwater inflows in the Salmon River have very low concentrations of dissolved solids due to minimal bedrock interaction along the Tug Hill Plateau and discharge from the Tug Hill sand and gravel aquifer, which has minimal mineralization.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Hayhurst, B.A., Fisher, B.N., and Reddy, J.E., 2016, Streamflow and estimated loads of phosphorus and dissolved and suspended solids from selected tributaries to Lake Ontario, New York, water years 2012–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5084, 34 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165084.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 46 p. 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Streamflow and streamflow yields - MS Excel","size":"328 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5084"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.88732910156249,\n              42.92827401776912\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.9971923828125,\n              42.976520698105546\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.9862060546875,\n              43.02071359427862\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.9532470703125,\n              43.072900581493215\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.03564453124999,\n              43.092960677116295\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.024658203125,\n              43.16111586765961\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.03564453124999,\n              43.28520334369384\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.2059326171875,\n              43.432977075795606\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.6785888671875,\n              43.61619382369188\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.783447265625,\n              43.620170616189924\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4208984375,\n              44.10336537791152\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.058349609375,\n              44.280604121518145\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9979248046875,\n              44.29240108529005\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0089111328125,\n              43.846412964702395\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1846923828125,\n              43.1090040242731\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2066650390625,\n              42.577354839557856\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.1185302734375,\n              42.25291778330197\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.88732910156249,\n              42.92827401776912\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ny@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, New York Water Science Center<br /> U.S. Geological Survey<br /> 30 Brown Road<br /> Ithaca, NY 14850</p>\n<p>Or visit our Web site at: <a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Study Area</li>\n<li>Climate</li>\n<li>Data Collection and Processing</li>\n<li>Data Analyses</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>Selected References</li>\n<li>Appendixes</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-07-20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579092a5e4b0ba248d2f2e65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayhurst, Brett A. 0000-0002-1717-2015 bhayhurs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-2015","contributorId":3398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayhurst","given":"Brett","email":"bhayhurs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Benjamin N. bfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":171785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Benjamin N.","email":"bfisher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267 jreddy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":1080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James","email":"jreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176593,"text":"sir20165121 - 2016 - The South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T21:12:19.425863","indexId":"sir20165121","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-19T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5121","displayTitle":"The South Carolina Bridge-Scour Envelope Curves","title":"The South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, conducted a series of three field investigations to evaluate historical, riverine bridge scour in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of South Carolina. These investigations included data collected at 231 riverine bridges, which lead to the development of bridge-scour envelope curves for clear-water and live-bed components of scour. The application and limitations of the South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves were documented in four reports, each report addressing selected components of bridge scour. The current investigation (2016) synthesizes the findings of these previous reports into a guidance manual providing an integrated procedure for applying the envelope curves. Additionally, the investigation provides limited verification for selected bridge-scour envelope curves by comparing them to field data collected outside of South Carolina from previously published sources. Although the bridge-scour envelope curves have limitations, they are useful supplementary tools for assessing the potential for scour at riverine bridges in South Carolina.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S.T., Feaster, T.D., and Caldwell, A.W., 2016, The South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves (ver. 1.2, April 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5121, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165121.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 96 p; Appendixes: 1-2; Application Site; Database; Version History","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073385","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329026,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163065","text":"Fact Sheet 2016-3065","linkHelpText":"- Assessing Potential Scour Using the South Carolina Bridge-Scour Envelope Curves"},{"id":385096,"rank":7,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/sir20165121_database.xlsx","size":"869 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- The South Carolina Theoretical Bridge Scour Database"},{"id":340758,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/sir20165121_app2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"43.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Estimate of maximum historic flows at selected bridge crossings in South Carolina"},{"id":329079,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/sir20165121_app1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"31.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- South Carolina bridge-scour study sites and reference numbers for figure 1"},{"id":385097,"rank":8,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/coverthb5.jpg"},{"id":344495,"rank":5,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5121/sir20165121_template-scour-envelope-curve-042418.xlsx","size":"1.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- The South Carolina Bridge-Scour Envelope Curve Template (1.83 MB xlsx) -- Revised and reposted August 3, 2017, because a few modifications were made to the code along with slight changes to the text as deemed appropriate for clarity. 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: September 30, 2016; Version 1.1: January 10, 2018; Version 1.2: April 15, 2021","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\">South Atlantic Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>720 Gracern Road, Suite 129<br>Columbia, SC 29210</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract&nbsp;</li><li>Introduction</li><li>The South Carolina Pier-Scour Envelope Curves</li><li>Comparison of the South Carolina Pier-Scour Envelope Curves With Other Data&nbsp;</li><li>Relative Increase in Theoretical Pier Scour Associated With the 100- to 500-Year Flows</li><li>Application and Limitations of the PSDb-2014 and South Carolina Clear-Water and Live-Bed Pier-Scour Envelope Curves</li><li>The South Carolina Clear-Water Abutment-Scour Envelope Curves</li><li>Comparison of the South Carolina Clear-Water Abutment-Scour Envelope Curves With Other Data</li><li>Relative Increase in Theoretical Abutment Scour Associated With the 100- to 500-Year Flows</li><li>Application and Limitations of the South Carolina Clear-Water Abutment-Scour Envelope Curves</li><li>The South Carolina Clear-Water Contraction-Scour Envelope Curve</li><li>Comparison of the South Carolina Clear-Water Contraction-Scour Envelope Curve With Other Data</li><li>Relative Increase in Theoretical Clear-Water Contraction Scour Associated With the 100- to 500-Year Flows</li><li>Application and Limitations of the South Carolina Clear-Water Contraction-Scour Envelope Curve</li><li>The South Carolina Live-Bed Contraction-Scour Envelope Curves</li><li>Application and Limitations of the South Carolina Live-Bed Contraction-Scour Envelope Curves</li><li>Guidance for Using the South Carolina Bridge-Scour Envelope Curves and Databases</li><li>Summary</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Selected References</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-30","revisedDate":"2021-04-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63be4b0bc0bec09c83a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":174044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":138690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral W.","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170858,"text":"ds996 - 2016 - Digital elevations and extents of regional hydrogeologic units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T17:05:54.538628","indexId":"ds996","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-18T12:16:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"996","displayTitle":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina","title":"Digital elevations and extents of regional hydrogeologic units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>Digital geospatial datasets of the extents and top elevations of the regional hydrogeologic units of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to northeastern North Carolina were developed to provide an updated hydrogeologic framework to support analysis of groundwater resources. The 19 regional hydrogeologic units were delineated by elevation grids and extent polygons for 20 layers: the land and bathymetric surface at the top of the unconfined surficial aquifer, the upper surfaces of 9 confined aquifers and 9 confining units, and the bedrock surface that defines the base of all Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments. The delineation of the regional hydrogeologic units relied on the interpretive work from source reports for New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina rather than from re-analysis of fundamental hydrogeologic data. This model of regional hydrogeologic unit geometries represents interpolation, extrapolation, and generalization of the earlier interpretive work. Regional units were constructed from available digital data layers from the source studies in order to extend units consistently across political boundaries and approximate units in offshore areas.</p><p>Though many of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain hydrogeologic units may extend eastward as far as the edge of the Atlantic Continental Shelf, the modeled boundaries of all regional hydrogeologic units in this study were clipped to an area approximately defined by the furthest offshore extent of fresh to brackish water in any part of the aquifer system, as indicated by chloride concentrations of 10,000 milligrams per liter. Elevations and extents of units that do not exist onshore in Long Island, New York, were not included north of New Jersey. Hydrogeologic units in North Carolina were included primarily to provide continuity across the Virginia-North Carolina State boundary, which was important for defining the southern edge of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds996","usgsCitation":"Pope, J.P., Andreasen, D.C., McFarland, E.R., and Watt, M.K., 2016, Digital elevations and extents of regional hydrogeologic units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina (ver. 1.1, December 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 996, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds996.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069216","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326342,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165076","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076","linkHelpText":"- Documentation of a Groundwater Flow Model Developed To Assess Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326339,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163046","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3046","linkHelpText":"- Sustainability of Groundwater Supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System"},{"id":326341,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165034","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034","linkHelpText":"- Regional Chloride Distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326340,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1829","text":"Professional Paper 1829","linkHelpText":"- Assessment of Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":381387,"rank":10,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0996/versionHist.txt","size":"810 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":327887,"rank":9,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program"},{"id":326873,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70V89WN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevations and extents of hydrogeologic units"},{"id":326872,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MKR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model"},{"id":326337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0996/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":326338,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0996/ds996.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 996"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.71875,\n              41.244772343082104\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.861328125,\n              41.22824901518532\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.93798828125,\n              40.830436877649255\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.78369140625,\n              39.707186656826565\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.080078125,\n              38.94232097947902\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.62939453125,\n              38.39333888832238\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.62939453125,\n              37.56199695314352\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5634765625,\n              36.82687474287728\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.02490234375,\n              35.88905007936091\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6298828125,\n              34.63320791137959\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.4873046875,\n              36.06686213257888\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.103515625,\n              40.64730356252251\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.71875,\n              41.244772343082104\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: August 31, 2016; Version 1.1: December 17, 2020","contact":"<p>Water Availability and Use Science Program<br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>150 National Center<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Reston, VA 20192<br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/water-resources/water-availability-and-use-science-program\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/water-resources/water-availability-and-use-science-program\">https://www.usgs.gov/water-resources/water<br>-availability-and-use-science-program/</a></p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods Used</li><li>Regional Hydrogeologic Unit Elevations and Extents</li><li>Limitations and Recommended Use of Data</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>File Organization</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-08-31","revisedDate":"2020-12-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1a7e4b0f2f0cebf11a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Jason P. 0000-0003-3199-993X jpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-993X","contributorId":2044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","email":"jpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andreasen, David C.","contributorId":59003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"David C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mcfarland, E. Randolph ermcfarl@usgs.gov","contributorId":169191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcfarland","given":"E. Randolph","email":"ermcfarl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watt, Martha K. 0000-0001-5651-3428 mwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-3428","contributorId":3275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Martha","email":"mwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70160099,"text":"ofr20151208 - 2016 - Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–15","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70160099,"text":"ofr20151208 - 2016 - Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–15","indexId":"ofr20151208","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"title":"Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–15"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70209180,"text":"ofr20201031 - 2020 - Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–18","indexId":"ofr20201031","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–18"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70209180,"text":"ofr20201031 - 2020 - Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–18","indexId":"ofr20201031","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–18"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-15T11:40:23.211242","indexId":"ofr20151208","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-15T07:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1208","title":"Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–15","docAbstract":"<p>The North Carolina Turnpike Authority, a division of the North Carolina Department of Transportation, is planning to make transportation improvements in the Currituck Sound area by constructing a two-lane bridge from U.S. Highway 158 just south of Coinjock, North Carolina, to State Highway 12 on the Outer Banks just south of Corolla, North Carolina. The results of the Final Environmental Impact Study associated with the bridge and existing roadway improvements indicated potential water-quality and habitat impacts to Currituck Sound related to stormwater runoff, altered light levels, introduction of piles as hard substrate, and localized turbidity and siltation during construction.</p>\n<p>The primary objective of this initial study phase was to establish baseline water-quality conditions and bed-sediment chemistry of Currituck Sound in the vicinity of the planned alignment of the Mid-Currituck Bridge. These data will be used to evaluate the impacts associated with the bridge construction and bridge deck stormwater runoff. Between 2011 and 2015, discrete water-quality samples were collected monthly and after selected storm events from five locations in Currituck Sound. The sampling locations were distributed along the proposed alignment of the Mid-Currituck Bridge. Water samples were analyzed for physical parameters and water-quality constituents associated with bridge deck stormwater runoff and important in identifying impaired waters designated as &ldquo;SC&rdquo; (saltwater-aquatic life propagation/ protection and secondary recreation) under North Carolina&rsquo;s water-quality classifications. Bed-sediment chemistry was also measured three times during the study at the five sampling locations. Continuous water-level and wind speed and direction data in Currituck Sound were also collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during the study period.</p>\n<p>For the water samples, measured concentrations were greater than water-quality thresholds on 52 occasions. In addition, there were 190 occurrences of censored results having a reporting level higher than specific thresholds. All 52 occurrences of concentrations greater than water-quality thresholds were confined to seven different physical properties or constituents, namely pH (25), turbidity (8), total recoverable chromium (6), total recoverable copper (6), dissolved copper (3), total recoverable mercury (2), and total recoverable nickel (2). Concentrations of 17 other constituents were never measured to be greater than their established water-quality thresholds during the study.</p>\n<p>The focus of the water-quality characterization was on concentrations of constituents identified as parameters of concern in a 2011 collaborative U.S. Geological Survey/North Carolina Department of Transportation study that characterized bridge deck stormwater runoff across North Carolina. The occurrence and distribution of parameters of concern identified in the 2011 study, including pH, nutrients, total recoverable and dissolved metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and some additional pertinent physical properties (dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and turbidity), were analyzed in water and bed-sediment samples. Statistical differences were identified between monthly and storm samples for the following physical properties and constituents: pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, turbidity, <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria, total recoverable aluminum, and total recoverable iron. Seasonality was observed in pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, and total recoverable aluminum, arsenic, iron, lead, and manganese during the study period. The volume and residence time of the water in Currituck Sound are such that the water chemistry is relatively uniform spatially, but variable temporally.</p>\n<p>One of the most variable constituents in bed sediments was the fraction of fines, those sediments less than 63 micrometers in diameter. Because most, if not all, of the measured constituents were presumably associated with this fraction, bulk-sediment concentrations are determined largely by the amount of fines present. Only four constituents were greater than bed-sediment thresholds: tin (5 samples), barium (4 samples), aluminum (2 samples), and diethyl phthalate (1 sample). The occurrences of concentrations being greater than referenced thresholds could be underestimated for diethyl phthalate, because the reporting level exceeded the threshold &nbsp;in nine samples. Thirty-five constituents had sampled concentrations that were never greater than quality thresholds, although 21 of these constituents (154 instances) had at least one sample with a reporting level that was greater than the corresponding threshold. Finally, 33 constituents had no quality thresholds.</p>\n<p>This study and previous studies of bed-sediment quality in Currituck Sound, although few, indicate that sedimentation in Currituck Sound near the proposed alignment of the MidCurrituck Bridge is characterized overall by low and transient input, frequent wind-driven resuspension, and little long-term deposition of fines. To the extent that it might alter water depths along the alignment, bridge construction might also alter the deposition and resuspension rates of fine sediments in Currituck Sound in the vicinity of the bridge.</p>\n<p>The characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment chemistry in Currituck Sound along the proposed alignment of the Mid-Currituck Bridge summarized herein provides a baseline for determining the effect of bridge construction and bridge deck runoff on environmental conditions in Currituck Sound.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151208","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Turnpike Authority","usgsCitation":"Wagner, Chad, Fitzgerald, Sharon, and Antolino, Dominick, 2016, Characterization of water-quality and bed-sediment conditions in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, prior to the Mid-Currituck Bridge construction, 2011–15 (ver. 1.1, July 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1208, 84 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151208.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 84 p.; 2 Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066575","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324820,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1208//versionHist.txt","size":"1.11 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1208"},{"id":312524,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1208/ofr20151208_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"38.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1208"},{"id":312523,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1208/ofr20151208_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"285 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1208"},{"id":312522,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1208/ofr20151208.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1208"},{"id":312521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1208/coverthb1.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Currituck Sound, Mid-Currituck Bridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.4,\n              35.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4,\n              35.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4,\n              35.7\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1:Originally posted December 24, 2015; Version 1.1: July 8, 2016;","publicComments":"Open-File Report 2015-1208 is superseded by Open-File Report 2020-1031","contact":"<p>Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center<br /> U.S. Geological Survey<br /> 720 Gracern Road<br /> Columbia, SC 29210<br /> <a href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/\">http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Methods</li>\n<li>Characterization of Water-Quality and Bed-Sediment Conditions in Currituck Sound</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Appendix 1. Constituents measured in water samples in Currituck Sound</li>\n<li>Appendix 2. Constituents measured in bed sediment of Currituck Sound, 2011&ndash;13</li>\n<li>Appendix 3. Depth-averaged velocity and water-quality conditions in the vicinity of the proposed mid-Currituck bridge in Currituck Sound for selected dates</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-12-24","revisedDate":"2016-07-08","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567d172fe4b0a04ef4920888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Chad R. 0000-0002-9602-7413 cwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7413","contributorId":1530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Chad R.","email":"cwagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Sharon 0000-0002-6288-867X safitzge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6288-867X","contributorId":139701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Sharon","email":"safitzge@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antolino, Dominick J. 0000-0001-7838-5279 dantolin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-5279","contributorId":5428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antolino","given":"Dominick","email":"dantolin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70161937,"text":"sir20155189 - 2016 - Nutrient, organic carbon, and chloride concentrations and loads in selected Long Island Sound tributaries—Four decades of change following the passage of the Federal Clean Water Act","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-10T10:02:48","indexId":"sir20155189","displayToPublicDate":"2020-01-10T11:10:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5189","title":"Nutrient, organic carbon, and chloride concentrations and loads in selected Long Island Sound tributaries—Four decades of change following the passage of the Federal Clean Water Act","docAbstract":"<p>Trends in long-term water-quality and streamflow data from 14 water-quality monitoring sites in Connecticut were evaluated for water years 1974&ndash;2013 and 2001&ndash;13, coinciding with implementation of the Clean Water Act of 1972 and the Connecticut Nitrogen Credit Exchange program, as part of an assessment of nutrient and chloride concentrations and loads discharged to Long Island Sound. In this study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, data were evaluated using a recently developed methodology of weighted regressions with time, streamflow, and season. Trends in streamflow were evaluated using a locally weighted scatterplot smoothing method. Annual mean streamflow increased at 12 of the 14 sites averaging 8 percent during the entire study period, primarily in the summer months, and increased by an average of 9 percent in water years 2001&ndash;13, primarily during summer and fall months. Downward trends in flow-normalized nutrient concentrations and loads were observed during both periods for most sites for total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon. Average flow-normalized loads of total nitrogen decreased by 23.9 percent for the entire period and 10.9 percent for the period of water years 2001‒13. Major factors contributing to decreases in flow-normalized loads and concentrations of these nutrients include improvements in wastewater treatment practices, declining atmospheric wet deposition of nitrogen, and changes in land management and land use.</p>\n<p>Loads of dissolved silica (DSi; flow-normalized and non-flow-normalized) increased slightly at most stations during the study period and were positively correlated to urbanized land in the basin and negatively correlated to area of open water. Concentrations and loads of chloride increased at 12 of the 14 sites during both periods. Increases likely are the result of an increase in the use of salt for deicing, as well as other factors related to urbanization and population growth, such as increases in wastewater discharge and discharge from septic systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Mullaney, J.R., 2016, Nutrient, organic carbon, and chloride concentrations and loads in selected Long Island Sound tributaries—Four decades of change following the passage of the Federal Clean Water Act: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5189, 47 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155189.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 47 p.; Appendixes: 2.1-2.7","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068448","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318574,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-7.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.7","size":"43 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.7 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Total chloride results"},{"id":318573,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-6.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.6","size":"43 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.6 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Total dissolved silica results"},{"id":318566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":318568,"rank":2,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.1","size":"46 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.1 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Total nitrogen results"},{"id":371144,"rank":9,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/sir20155189.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5189"},{"id":318569,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.2","size":"44 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.2 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Total Kjeldahl nitrogen results"},{"id":318570,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.3","size":"46 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.3 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen results"},{"id":318571,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.4","size":"45 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.4 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Total phosphorus results"},{"id":318572,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5189/downloads/sir20155189_appendix2-5.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2.5","size":"43 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2.5 SIR 2015-5189","linkHelpText":"- Total organic carbon results"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.47381591796875,\n              41.0772807426254\n            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href=\"http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/\">http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Methods of Data Collection and Analysis</li>\n<li>Constituent Concentrations and Loads, Water Years 1974&ndash;2013 and 2001&ndash;13</li>\n<li>Summary and Conclusions</li>\n<li>Selected References</li>\n<li>Appendix 1. Summary of Water-Quality Laboratory Method References for Samples Collected at Selected Streams in the Long Island Sound Basin, Water Years 1974&ndash;2013</li>\n<li>Appendix 2. Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season Method Outputs</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-03-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e29aaee4b0f59b85d32757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193028,"text":"70193028 - 2016 - TopoLens: Building a cyberGIS community data service for enhancing the usability of high-resolution National Topographic datasets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T12:45:00","indexId":"70193028","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"TopoLens: Building a cyberGIS community data service for enhancing the usability of high-resolution National Topographic datasets","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geospatial data, often embedded with geographic references, are important to many application and science domains, and represent a major type of big data. The increased volume and diversity of geospatial data have caused serious usability issues for researchers in various scientific domains, which call for innovative cyberGIS solutions. To address these issues, this paper describes a cyberGIS community data service framework to facilitate geospatial big data access, processing, and sharing based on a hybrid supercomputer architecture. Through the collaboration between the CyberGIS Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a community data service for accessing, customizing, and sharing digital elevation model (DEM) and its derived datasets from the 10-meter national elevation dataset, namely TopoLens, is created to demonstrate the workflow integration of geospatial big data sources, computation, analysis needed for customizing the original dataset for end user needs, and a friendly online user environment. TopoLens provides online access to precomputed and on-demand computed high-resolution elevation data by exploiting the ROGER supercomputer. The usability of this prototype service has been acknowledged in community evaluation.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the XSEDE16 Conference on Diversity, Big Data, and Science at Scale","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACM","doi":"10.1145/2949550.2949652","usgsCitation":"Hu, H., Hong, X., Terstriep, J., Liu, Y., Finn, M.P., Rush, J., Wendel, J., and Wang, S., 2016, TopoLens: Building a cyberGIS community data service for enhancing the usability of high-resolution National Topographic datasets, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the XSEDE16 Conference on Diversity, Big Data, and Science at Scale, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1145/2949550.2949652.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-075407","costCenters":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2949550.2949652","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee916e4b0da30c1bfc516","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, Hao","contributorId":198962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Hao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hong, Xingchen","contributorId":198963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hong","given":"Xingchen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terstriep, Jeff","contributorId":198964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terstriep","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Yan 0000-0003-2298-4728","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-4728","contributorId":196790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Yan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finn, Michael P. 0000-0003-0415-2194 mfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-2194","contributorId":2657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Michael","email":"mfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rush, Johnathan","contributorId":198965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rush","given":"Johnathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wendel, Jeffrey 0000-0003-0294-0250 jwendel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0294-0250","contributorId":196792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wendel","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwendel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wang, Shaowen","contributorId":198966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Shaowen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70193401,"text":"70193401 - 2016 - Earthquake ground motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-20T20:01:14.300513","indexId":"70193401","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"chapter":"3","title":"Earthquake ground motion","docAbstract":"<p>Most of the effort in seismic design of buildings and other structures is focused on structural design. This chapter addresses another key aspect of the design process—characterization of earthquake ground motion into parameters for use in design. Section 3.1 describes the basis of the earthquake ground motion maps in the Provisions and in ASCE 7 (the Standard). Section 3.2 has examples for the determination of ground motion parameters and spectra for use in design. Section 3.3 describes site-specific ground motion requirements and provides example site-specific design and MCER response spectra and example values of site-specific ground motion parameters. Section 3.4 discusses and provides an example for the selection and scaling of ground motion records for use in various types of response history analysis permitted in the Standard. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2015 NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions: Design Examples","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Luco, N., Kircher, C.A., Crouse, C.B., Charney, F., Haselton, C.B., Baker, J.W., Zimmerman, R., Hooper, J.D., McVitty, W., and Taylor, A., 2016, Earthquake ground motion, 49 p.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"3-1","endPage":"3-49","ipdsId":"IP-089862","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347966,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1474320077368-125c7a1d1a3b864648554198526d671f/FEMA_P-1051.pdf"},{"id":351553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee916e4b0da30c1bfc518","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luco, Nico 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":145730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nico","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kircher, Charles A.","contributorId":106596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kircher","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crouse, C. B.","contributorId":199388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crouse","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Charney, Finley","contributorId":202456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charney","given":"Finley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haselton, Curt B.","contributorId":202457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haselton","given":"Curt","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baker, Jack W.","contributorId":115861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zimmerman, Reid","contributorId":202458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Reid","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hooper, John D.","contributorId":7601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McVitty, William","contributorId":202459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McVitty","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Taylor, Andy","contributorId":202460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Andy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70178400,"text":"ofr20161181 - 2016 - Data from exploratory sampling of groundwater in selected oil and gas areas of coastal Los Angeles County and Kern and Kings Counties in southern San Joaquin Valley, 2014–15: California oil, gas, and groundwater project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T10:38:25","indexId":"ofr20161181","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1181","title":"Data from exploratory sampling of groundwater in selected oil and gas areas of coastal Los Angeles County and Kern and Kings Counties in southern San Joaquin Valley, 2014–15: California oil, gas, and groundwater project","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\">Exploratory sampling of groundwater in coastal Los Angeles County and Kern and Kings Counties of the southern San Joaquin Valley was done by the U.S. Geological Survey from September 2014 through January 2015 as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board’s Water Quality in Areas of Oil and Gas Production Regional Groundwater Monitoring Program. The Regional Groundwater Monitoring Program was established in response to the California Senate Bill 4 of 2013 mandating that the California State Water Resources Control Board design and implement a groundwater-monitoring program to assess potential effects of well-stimulation treatments on groundwater resources in California. The U.S. Geological Survey is in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board to collaboratively implement the Regional Groundwater Monitoring Program through the California Oil, Gas, and Groundwater Project. Many researchers have documented the utility of different suites of chemical tracers for evaluating the effects of oil and gas development on groundwater quality. The purpose of this exploratory sampling effort was to determine whether tracers reported in the literature could be used effectively in California. This reconnaissance effort was not designed to assess the effects of oil and gas on groundwater quality in the sampled areas. A suite of water-quality indicators and geochemical tracers were sampled at groundwater sites in selected areas that have extensive oil and gas development. Groundwater samples were collected from a total of 51 wells, including 37 monitoring wells at 17 multiple-well monitoring sites in coastal Los Angeles County and 5 monitoring wells and 9 water-production wells in southern San Joaquin Valley, primarily in Kern and Kings Counties. Groundwater samples were analyzed for field waterquality indicators; organic constituents, including volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds and dissolved organic carbon indicators; naturally present inorganic constituents, including trace elements, nutrients, major and minor ions, and iron species; naturally present stable and radioactive isotopes; dissolved noble gases; dissolved standard and hydrocarbon gases, δ13C of methane, ethane, and δ2 H of methane. In total, 249 constituents and water-quality indicators were measured. Four types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, matrix spikes, and surrogates spiked in environmental and blank samples) were collected at approximately 10 percent of the wells. The quality-control data were used to determine whether the groundwater-sample data were of sufficient quality for the measured analytes to be used as potential indicators of oil and gas effects. The data from the 51 groundwater samples and from the quality-control samples are presented in this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161181","collaboration":"A product of the California Oil and Gas Regional Groundwater Monitoring Program<br/>Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Dillon, D.B., Davis, T.A., Landon, M.K., Land, M.T., Wright, M.T., and Kulongoski, J.T., 2016, Data from exploratory sampling of groundwater in selected oil and gas areas of coastal Los Angeles County and Kern and Kings Counties in southern San Joaquin Valley, 2014–15: California Oil, Gas, and Groundwater Project (ver. 1.1, October 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1181, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161181.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 24 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076853","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331399,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1181/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":331401,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1181/ofr20161181_tables_v1.1.xlsx","text":"Tables","size":"223 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1181 Tables, ver. 1.1"},{"id":331400,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1181/ofr20161181_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1181, ver. 1.1"},{"id":347008,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1181/versionHist_.txt","text":"Version History","size":"8 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1181"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County, King County, Los Angeles County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.630615234375,\n              35.79999392988527\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.6416015625,\n              34.28445325435288\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.784423828125,\n              33.93880275084578\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.9437255859375,\n              33.95247360616282\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.10302734374999,\n              33.71977077483141\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.4381103515625,\n              33.710632271492095\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.4051513671875,\n              33.8521697014074\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.45458984375,\n              33.96158628979907\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.54248046874999,\n              34.02990029603907\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.69628906249999,\n              34.02990029603907\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.817138671875,\n              33.99802726234877\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.93798828125,\n              34.048108084909835\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.9434814453125,\n              34.07086232376631\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.78967285156249,\n              34.17090836352573\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.66882324218751,\n              34.175453097578526\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.66882324218751,\n              34.229970811273084\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.63037109375,\n              34.243594729697406\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.8885498046875,\n              34.79576153473033\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.47631835937499,\n              34.89043681762452\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.20690917968749,\n              35.60818490437746\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.2947998046875,\n              35.902399875143615\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.97619628906249,\n              36.1822249804225\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.95971679687499,\n              36.40359962073253\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5147705078125,\n              36.48755716938576\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.4818115234375,\n              36.39917828607653\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.53125,\n              35.79108281624994\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.630615234375,\n              35.79999392988527\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: December 2016; Version 1.1: November 2017","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\">California Water Science Center</a><br><a href=\"https://usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br> 6000 J Street, Placer Hall<br> Sacramento, California 95819<br></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Water-Quality Results<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li><li>Tables<br></li><li>Appendix A<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-12-09","revisedDate":"2017-11-21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dbe4b077fc20250df8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, David B. 0000-0002-7926-7861 ddillon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7926-7861","contributorId":5939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"David","email":"ddillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Tracy A. 0000-0003-0253-6661 tadavis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-6661","contributorId":2715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Tracy","email":"tadavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Land, Michael T. 0000-0001-5141-0307 mtland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":173276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","email":"mtland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154 kulongos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":156272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin","email":"kulongos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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