\n
(1) We designed a physical model that simulates the thermal and evaporative properties of live Western toads (Bufo boreas).
\n(2) In controlled tests, the model tracked the body temperature of live toads with an average error of 0.3±0.03 °C (test range=4–30 °C).
\n(3) It estimated the evaporative water loss of live toads with an average error of 0.35–0.65 g/h, or about 14% (test range=0.7–9 g/h).
\n(4) Data collected with this physical model should provide an effective way for biologists to better understand habitat selection in toads and other amphibians.
\n","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Thermal Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2004.07.007","issn":"03064565","usgsCitation":"Bartelt, P., and Peterson, C., 2005, Physically modeling operative temperatures and evaporation rates in amphibians: Journal of Thermal Biology, v. 30, no. 2, p. 93-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2004.07.007.","startPage":"93","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210702,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2004.07.007"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7af1e4b0c8380cd79194","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartelt, P.E.","contributorId":31948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartelt","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, C.R.","contributorId":12823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029420,"text":"70029420 - 2005 - Factors controlling tungsten concentrations in ground water, Carson Desert, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T09:02:28","indexId":"70029420","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors controlling tungsten concentrations in ground water, Carson Desert, Nevada","docAbstract":"
n investigation of a childhood leukemia cluster by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revealed that residents of the Carson Desert, Nevada, are exposed to high levels of W and this prompted an investigation of W in aquifers used as drinking water sources. Tungsten concentrations in 100 ground water samples from all aquifers used as drinking water sources in the area ranged from 0.27 to 742 μg/l. Ground water in which W concentrations exceed 50 μg/l principally occurs SE of Fallon in a geothermal area. The principal sources of W in ground water are natural and include erosion of W-bearing mineral deposits in the Carson River watershed upstream of Fallon, and, possibly, upwelling geothermal waters. Ground water in the Fallon area is strongly reducing and reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides may be releasing W; however, direct evidence that the metal oxides contain W is not available.
Although W and Cl concentrations in the Carson River, a lake, and water from many wells, appear to be controlled by evaporative concentration, evaporation alone cannot explain the elevated W concentrations found in water from some of the wells. Concentrations of W exceeding 50 μg/l are exclusively associated with
The geochemical model PHREEQC was used to calculate IAP values, which were compared with published Ksp values for primary W minerals. FeWO4, MnWO4, Na2WO4, and MgWO4 were undersaturated and CaWO4 and SrWO4were approaching saturation. These conclusions are tentative because of uncertainty in the thermodynamic data.
The similar behavior of As and W observed in this study suggests ground water in areas where elevated As concentrations are present also may contain elevated W concentrations, particularly if there is a mineral or geothermal source of W and reducing conditions develop in the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.09.002","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., Stollenwerk, K., and Garbarino, J., 2005, Factors controlling tungsten concentrations in ground water, Carson Desert, Nevada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 2, p. 423-441, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.09.002.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"441","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.09.002"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson Desert ","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ec0e4b0c8380cd535e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, K.G.","contributorId":71199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029419,"text":"70029419 - 2005 - New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at Long Valley Caldera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:16:30","indexId":"70029419","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at Long Valley Caldera","docAbstract":"Regional-scale triggering of local earthquakes in the crust by seismic waves from distant main shocks has now been robustly documented for over a decade. Some of the most thoroughly recorded examples of repeated triggering of a single site from multiple, large earthquakes are measured in geothermal fields of the western United States like Long Valley Caldera. As one of the few natural cases where the causality of an earthquake sequence is apparent, triggering provides fundamental constraints on the failure processes in earthquakes. We show here that the observed triggering by seismic waves is inconsistent with any mechanism that depends on cumulative shaking as measured by integrated energy density. We also present evidence for a frequency-dependent triggering threshold. On the basis of the seismic records of 12 regional and teleseismic events recorded at Long Valley Caldera, long-period waves (>30 s) are more effective at generating local seismicity than short-period waves of comparable amplitude. If the properties of the system are stationary over time, the failure threshold for long-period waves is ~0.05 cm/s vertical shaking. Assuming a phase velocity of 3.5 km/s and an elastic modulus of 3.5 x 1010Pa, the threshold in terms of stress is 5 kPa. The frequency dependence is due in part to the attenuation of the surface waves with depth. Fluid flow through a porous medium can produce the rest of the observed frequency dependence of the threshold. If the threshold is not stationary with time, pore pressures that are >99.5% of lithostatic and vary over time by a factor of 4 could explain the observations with no frequency dependence of the triggering threshold.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003211","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Brodsky, E.E., and Prejean, S., 2005, New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at Long Valley Caldera: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 4, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003211.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477904,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210674,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003211"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.90674591064452,\n 37.69482353536507\n ],\n [\n -118.83893966674803,\n 37.69482353536507\n ],\n [\n -118.83893966674803,\n 37.72551521301948\n ],\n [\n -118.90674591064452,\n 37.72551521301948\n ],\n [\n -118.90674591064452,\n 37.69482353536507\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6564e4b0c8380cd72ba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brodsky, E. E.","contributorId":108285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodsky","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prejean, S. G. 0000-0003-0510-1989","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-1989","contributorId":18935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"S. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029417,"text":"70029417 - 2005 - Morphology and aging precision of statoliths from larvae of Columbia river basin lampreys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T15:03:37","indexId":"70029417","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology and aging precision of statoliths from larvae of Columbia river basin lampreys","docAbstract":"The general morphology and precision associated with age determination of statoliths from larval Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata and western brook lampreys L. richardsoni found within the Columbia River basin were examined. Significant positive correlations were observed between the size of left and right statoliths from individuals. Principal components analysis indicated an allometric relationship between lamprey length and statolith size as well as a potential species grouping based on these measurements. Discriminant analysis was able to correctly classify more than 94% of Pacific lampreys and 92% of western brook lampreys based on lamprey length and statolith size, and Pacific lamprey statoliths tended to be larger than western brook lamprey statoliths for lampreys of a given size. Reader bias in age estimates of statoliths was greater for older lampreys. Multiple independent age readings of both statoliths from individual lampreys indicated that the overall average percent error was 16.7% for Pacific lampreys and 33.0% for western brook lampreys. Within-individual average percent error ranged from 5.1% to 20.1% among species and readers. Within-reader average percent error ranged from 6.4% to 17.8% among species and readers. The average percent error observed in this study was greater than that observed in studies of other species of lampreys; however, statoliths that were ambiguous or difficult to read were not excluded from this study. In general, the modal separation of age-groups observed in length-frequency distributions for lampreys is poor, as seen in this study; therefore, statolith-based ages may verify or provide better estimates of population age structure. These data demonstrate that estimates of precision are necessary before management actions founded on statolith-based age structure determination are implemented. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M03-184.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Meeuwig, M., and Bayer, J., 2005, Morphology and aging precision of statoliths from larvae of Columbia river basin lampreys: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 25, no. 1, p. 38-48, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-184.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498946,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/m03-184.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.29298400878908,\n 44.91911174115028\n ],\n [\n -119.23118591308595,\n 44.90014616206356\n ],\n [\n -119.10964965820312,\n 44.88944486948625\n ],\n [\n -118.98880004882812,\n 44.83055216443822\n ],\n [\n -118.97644042968749,\n 44.810583121135906\n ],\n [\n -119.00527954101562,\n 44.802788447596505\n ],\n [\n -119.30259704589842,\n 44.90987288179971\n ],\n [\n -119.29298400878908,\n 44.91911174115028\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.29803466796875,\n 45.894787266838584\n ],\n [\n -118.30970764160155,\n 45.88809640024204\n ],\n [\n -118.16001892089844,\n 45.81827218518002\n ],\n [\n -118.13941955566408,\n 45.84984741373358\n ],\n [\n -118.2904815673828,\n 45.89717666670996\n ],\n [\n -118.29803466796875,\n 45.894787266838584\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e49e4b0c8380cd70920","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meeuwig, M.H.","contributorId":24741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeuwig","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029416,"text":"70029416 - 2005 - Constraints on fault slip rates of the southern California plate boundary from GPS velocity and stress inversions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029416","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on fault slip rates of the southern California plate boundary from GPS velocity and stress inversions","docAbstract":"We use Global Positioning System (GPS) velocities and stress orientations inferred from seismicity to invert for the distribution of slip on faults in the southern California plate-boundary region. Of particular interest is how long-term slip rates are partitioned between the Indio segment of the San Andreas fault (SAF), the San Jacinto fault (SJF) and the San Bernardino segment of the SAE We use two new sets of constraints to address this problem. The first is geodetic velocities from the Southern California Earthquake Center's (SCEC) Crustal Motion Map (version 3 by Shen et al.), which includes significantly more data than previous models. The second is a regional model of stress-field orientations at seismogenic depths, as determined from earthquake focal mechanisms. While GPS data have been used in similar studies before, this is the first application of stress-field observations to this problem. We construct a simplified model of the southern California fault system, and estimate the interseismic surface velocities using a backslip approach with purely elastic strain accumulation, following Meade et al. In addition, we model the stress orientations at seismogenic depths, assuming that crustal stress results from the loading of active faults. The geodetically derived stressing rates are found to be aligned with the stress orientations from seismicity. We therefore proceed to invert simultaneously GPS and stress observations for slip rates of the faults in our network. We find that the regional patterns of crustal deformation as imaged by both data sets can be explained by our model, and that joint inversions lead to better constrained slip rates. In our preferred model, the SJF accommodates ???15 mm yr-1 and the Indio segment of the SAF ???23 mm yr-1 of right-lateral motion, accompanied by a low slip rate on the San Bernardino segment of the SAF 'Anomalous' fault segments such as around the 1992 Mw = 7.3 Landers surface rupture can be detected. There, observed stresses deviate strongly from the long-term loading as predicted by our simple model. Evaluation of model misfits together with information from palaeoseismology may provide further insights into the time dependence of strain accumulation along the San Andreas system. ?? 2004 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02528.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Becker, T., Hardebeck, J., and Anderson, G., 2005, Constraints on fault slip rates of the southern California plate boundary from GPS velocity and stress inversions: Geophysical Journal International, v. 160, no. 2, p. 634-650, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02528.x.","startPage":"634","endPage":"650","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477890,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2004.02528.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210623,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02528.x"},{"id":237599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"160","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0be4b0c8380cd4d8d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, T.W.","contributorId":36740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, G.","contributorId":26490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029413,"text":"70029413 - 2005 - Secondary sulfate minerals associated with acid drainage in the eastern US: Recycling of metals and acidity in surficial environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:02:05","indexId":"70029413","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secondary sulfate minerals associated with acid drainage in the eastern US: Recycling of metals and acidity in surficial environments","docAbstract":"Weathering of metal-sulfide minerals produces suites of variably soluble efflorescent sulfate salts at a number of localities in the eastern United States. The salts, which are present on mine wastes, tailings piles, and outcrops, include minerals that incorporate heavy metals in solid solution, primarily the highly soluble members of the melanterite, rozenite, epsomite, halotrichite, and copiapite groups. The minerals were identified by a combination of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron-microprobe. Base-metal salts are rare at these localities, and Cu, Zn, and Co are commonly sequestered as solid solutions within Fe- and Fe-Al sulfate minerals. Salt dissolution affects the surface-water chemistry at abandoned mines that exploited the massive sulfide deposits in the Vermont copper belt, the Mineral district of central Virginia, the Copper Basin (Ducktown) mining district of Tennessee, and where sulfide-bearing metamorphic rocks undisturbed by mining are exposed in Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee. Dissolution experiments on composite salt samples from three minesites and two outcrops of metamorphic rock showed that, in all cases, the pH of the leachates rapidly declined from 6.9 to <3.7, and specific conductance increased gradually over 24 h. Leachates analyzed after 24-h dissolution experiments indicated that all of the salts provided ready sources of dissolved Al (>30 mg L-1), Fe (>47 mg L-1), sulfate (>1000 mg L-1), and base metals (>1000 mg L-1 for minesites, and 2 mg L-1 for other sites). Geochemical modeling of surface waters, mine-waste leachates, and salt leachates using PHREEQC software predicted saturation in the observed ochre minerals, but significant concentration by evaporation would be needed to reach saturation in most of the sulfate salts. Periodic surface-water monitoring at Vermont minesites indicated peak annual metal loads during spring runoff. At the Virginia site, where no winter-long snowpack develops, metal loads were highest during summer months when salts were dissolved periodically by rainstorms following sustained evaporation during dry spells. Despite the relatively humid climate of the eastern United States, where precipitation typically exceeds evaporation, salts form intermittently in open areas, persist in protected areas when temperature and relative humidity are appropriate, and contribute to metal loadings and acidity in surface waters upon dissolution, thereby causing short-term perturbations in water quality.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.053","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Hammarstrom, J.M., Seal, R., Meier, A.L., and Kornfeld, J., 2005, Secondary sulfate minerals associated with acid drainage in the eastern US: Recycling of metals and acidity in surficial environments: Chemical Geology, v. 215, no. 1-4 SPEC. ISS., p. 407-431, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.053.","startPage":"407","endPage":"431","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.053"}],"volume":"215","issue":"1-4 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b892be4b08c986b316d54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kornfeld, J.M.","contributorId":73001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kornfeld","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029408,"text":"70029408 - 2005 - \"Sour gas\" hydrothermal jarosite: Ancient to modern acid-sulfate mineralization in the southern Rio Grande Rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029408","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"\"Sour gas\" hydrothermal jarosite: Ancient to modern acid-sulfate mineralization in the southern Rio Grande Rift","docAbstract":"As many as 29 mining districts along the Rio Grande Rift in southern New Mexico contain Rio Grande Rift-type (RGR) deposits consisting of fluorite-barite??sulfide-jarosite, and additional RGR deposits occur to the south in the Basin and Range province near Chihuahua, Mexico. Jarosite occurs in many of these deposits as a late-stage hydrothermal mineral coprecipitated with fluorite, or in veinlets that crosscut barite. In these deposits, many of which are limestone-hosted, jarosite is followed by natrojarosite and is nested within silicified or argillized wallrock and a sequence of fluorite-barite??sulfide and late hematite-gypsum. These deposits range in age from ???10 to 0.4 Ma on the basis of 40Ar/39Ar dating of jarosite. There is a crude north-south distribution of ages, with older deposits concentrated toward the south. Recent deposits also occur in the south, but are confined to the central axis of the rift and are associated with modern geothermal systems. The duration of hydrothermal jarosite mineralization in one of the deposits was approximately 1.0 my. Most ??18OSO4-OH values indicate that jarosite precipitated between 80 and 240 ??C, which is consistent with the range of filling temperatures of fluid inclusions in late fluorite throughout the rift, and in jarosite (180 ??C) from Pen??a Blanca, Chihuahua, Mexico. These temperatures, along with mineral occurrence, require that the jarosite have had a hydrothermal origin in a shallow steam-heated environment wherein the low pH necessary for the precipitation of jarosite was achieved by the oxidation of H2S derived from deeper hydrothermal fluids. The jarosite also has high trace-element contents (notably As and F), and the jarosite parental fluids have calculated isotopic signatures similar to those of modern geothermal waters along the southern rift; isotopic values range from those typical of meteoric water to those of deep brine that has been shown to form from the dissolution of Permian evaporite by deeply circulating meteoric water. Jarosite ??34S values range from -24??? to 5???, overlapping the values for barite and gypsum at the high end of the range and for sulfides at the low end. Most ??34S values for barite are 10.6??? to 13.1???, and many ??34S values for gypsum range from 13.1??? to 13.9??? indicating that a component of aqueous sulfate was derived from Permian evaporites (??34 S=12??2???). The requisite H2SO4 for jarosite formation was derived from oxidation of H2S which was likely largely sour gas derived from the thermochemical reduction of Permian sulfate. The low ??34S values for the precursor H2S probably resulted from exchange deeper in the basin with the more abundant Permian SO42- at ???150 to 200 ??C. Jarosite formed at shallow levels after the pH buffering capacity of the host rock (typically limestone) was neutralized by precipitation of earlier minerals. Some limestone-hosted deposits contain caves that may have been caused by the low pH of the deep basin fluids due to the addition of deep-seated HF and other magmatic gases during periods of renewed rifting. Caves in other deposits may be due to sulfuric acid speleogenesis as a result of H2S incursion into oxygenated groundwaters. The isotopic data in these \"sour gas\" jarosite occurrences encode a record of episodic tectonic or hydrologic processes that have operated in the rift over the last 10 my. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.042","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Lueth, V., Rye, R.O., and Peters, L., 2005, \"Sour gas\" hydrothermal jarosite: Ancient to modern acid-sulfate mineralization in the southern Rio Grande Rift: Chemical Geology, v. 215, no. 1-4 SPEC. ISS., p. 339-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.042.","startPage":"339","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210536,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.042"},{"id":237484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"215","issue":"1-4 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e214e4b0c8380cd4594a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lueth, V.W.","contributorId":58831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lueth","given":"V.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, L.","contributorId":49971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029406,"text":"70029406 - 2005 - Paleoproterozoic metamorphism in the northern Wyoming province: Implications for the assembly of Laurentia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029406","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoproterozoic metamorphism in the northern Wyoming province: Implications for the assembly of Laurentia","docAbstract":"U-Pb ages measured on zircons from the Tobacco Root Mountains and monazite from the Highland Mountains indicate that the northwestern Wyoming province experienced an episode of high-grade metamorphism at ???1.77 Ga. Leucosome emplaced in Archean gneisses from the Tobacco Root Mountains contains a distinctive population of zircons with an age of 1.77 Ga but also contains zircons to ???3.5 Ga; it is interpreted to have been derived primarily by anatexis of nearby Archean schist. A granulite facies mafic dike that cuts across Archean gneissic banding in the Tobacco Root Mountains contains two distinct populations of zircons. A group of small (<50 ??m) nonprismatic grains is interpreted to be metamorphic and yields an age of 1.76 Ga; a group of slightly larger prismatic grains yields an age of 2.06 Ga, which is interpreted to be the time of crystallization of the dike. Monazite from a leucogranite from the Highland Mountains yields a well-defined age of 1.77 Ga, which is interpreted as the time of partial melting and emplacement of the leucogranite. These results suggest that the northwestern Wyoming province, which largely lies within the western part of the Great Falls tectonic zone, experienced a metamorphic maximum at 1.77 Ga. This age is ???100 m.yr. younger than the proposed time of Wyoming-Hearne collision in the central Great Falls tectonic zone (1.86 Ga) and suggests that the northwestern Wyoming province may have been involved in a separate, younger collisional event at ???1.77 Ga. An event at this time is essentially coeval with collisions proposed for the eastern and southeastern margins of the province and suggests a multiepisodic model for the incorporation of the Wyoming craton into Laurentia. ?? 2005 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/427667","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Mueller, P., Burger, H., Wooden, J.L., Brady, J., Cheney, J., Hamrs, T., Heatherington, A., and Mogk, D., 2005, Paleoproterozoic metamorphism in the northern Wyoming province: Implications for the assembly of Laurentia: Journal of Geology, v. 113, no. 2, p. 169-179, https://doi.org/10.1086/427667.","startPage":"169","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/427667"},{"id":237415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7441e4b0c8380cd77538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, P.A.","contributorId":86117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burger, H.R.","contributorId":80068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brady, J.B.","contributorId":58078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cheney, J.T.","contributorId":64018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheney","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hamrs, T.A.","contributorId":59231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamrs","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heatherington, A.L.","contributorId":75708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heatherington","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mogk, D.W.","contributorId":61575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70029401,"text":"70029401 - 2005 - Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part I. Acute toxicity of five chemicals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T14:27:49","indexId":"70029401","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part I. Acute toxicity of five chemicals","docAbstract":"Assessment of contaminant impacts to federally identified endangered, threatened and candidate, and state-identified endangered species (collectively referred to as \"listed\" species) requires understanding of a species' sensitivities to particular chemicals. The most direct approach would be to determine the sensitivity of a listed species to a particular contaminant or perturbation. An indirect approach for aquatic species would be application of toxicity data obtained from standard test procedures and species commonly used in laboratory toxicity tests. Common test species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas; sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus; and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) and 17 listed or closely related species were tested in acute 96-hour water exposures with five chemicals (carbaryl, copper, 4-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol, and permethrin) representing a broad range of toxic modes of action. No single species was the most sensitive to all chemicals. For the three standard test species evaluated, the rainbow trout was more sensitive than either the fathead minnow or sheepshead minnow and was equal to or more sensitive than listed and related species 81% of the time. To estimate an LC50 for a listed species, a factor of 0.63 can be applied to the geometric mean LC50 of rainbow trout toxicity data, and more conservative factors can be determined using variance estimates (0.46 based on 1 SD of the mean and 0.33 based on 2 SD of the mean). Additionally, a low- or no-acute effect concentration can be estimated by multiplying the respective LC50 by a factor of approximately 0.56, which supports the United States Environmental Protection Agency approach of multiplying the final acute value by 0.5 (division by 2). When captive or locally abundant populations of listed fish are available, consideration should be given to direct testing. When direct toxicity testing cannot be performed, approaches for developing protective measures using common test species toxicity data are available. ?? 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-003-3038-1","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, F., Mayer, F., Sappington, L., Buckler, D., Bridges, C., Greer, I., Hardesty, D., Henke, C., Ingersoll, C., Kunz, J., Whites, D., Augspurger, T., Mount, D., Hattala, K., and Neuderfer, G., 2005, Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part I. Acute toxicity of five chemicals: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 48, no. 2, p. 143-154, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-3038-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210868,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-3038-1"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edcfe4b0c8380cd49a05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, F.L.","contributorId":79418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"F.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sappington, L.C.","contributorId":76907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sappington","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buckler, D.R.","contributorId":54699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckler","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bridges, C.M.","contributorId":104652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greer, I.E.","contributorId":70182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"I.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hardesty, D.K.","contributorId":43935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Henke, C.E.","contributorId":102264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henke","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kunz, J.L.","contributorId":7872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Whites, D.W.","contributorId":52367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whites","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Augspurger, T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mount, D.R.","contributorId":13774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mount","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hattala, K.","contributorId":20619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattala","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Neuderfer, G.N.","contributorId":49250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuderfer","given":"G.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70029399,"text":"70029399 - 2005 - Structural evolution of fault zones in sandstone by multiple deformation mechanisms: Moab fault, southeast Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70029399","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural evolution of fault zones in sandstone by multiple deformation mechanisms: Moab fault, southeast Utah","docAbstract":"Faults in sandstone are frequently composed of two classes of structures: (1) deformation bands and (2) joints and sheared joints. Whereas the former structures are associated with cataclastic deformation, the latter ones represent brittle fracturing, fragmentation, and brecciation. We investigated the distribution of these structures, their formation, and the underlying mechanical controls for their occurrence along the Moab normal fault in southeastern Utah through the use of structural mapping and numerical elastic boundary element modeling. We found that deformation bands occur everywhere along the fault, but with increased density in contractional relays. Joints and sheared joints only occur at intersections and extensional relays. In all locations , joints consistently overprint deformation bands. Localization of joints and sheared joints in extensional relays suggests that their distribution is controlled by local variations in stress state that are due to mechanical interaction between the fault segments. This interpretation is consistent with elastic boundary element models that predict a local reduction in mean stress and least compressive principal stress at intersections and extensional relays. The transition from deformation band to joint formation along these sections of the fault system likely resulted from the combined effects of changes in remote tectonic loading, burial depth, fluid pressure, and rock properties. In the case of the Moab fault, we conclude that the structural heterogeneity in the fault zone is systematically related to the geometric evolution of the fault, the local state of stress associated with fault slip , and the remote loading history. Because the type and distribution of structures affect fault permeability and strength, our results predict systematic variations in these parameters with fault evolution. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25473.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Davatzes, N., Eichhubl, P., and Aydin, A., 2005, Structural evolution of fault zones in sandstone by multiple deformation mechanisms: Moab fault, southeast Utah: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 1-2, p. 135-148, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25473.1.","startPage":"135","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210840,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25473.1"},{"id":237882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9be6e4b08c986b31d167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davatzes, N.C.","contributorId":59219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davatzes","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eichhubl, P.","contributorId":9060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichhubl","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aydin, A.","contributorId":33898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aydin","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029394,"text":"70029394 - 2005 - Strange bedfellows - A deep-water hermatypic coral reef superimposed on a drowned barrier island; Southern Pulley Ridge, SW Florida platform margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-27T14:49:45","indexId":"70029394","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strange bedfellows - A deep-water hermatypic coral reef superimposed on a drowned barrier island; Southern Pulley Ridge, SW Florida platform margin","docAbstract":"The southeastern component of a subtle ridge feature extending over 200 km along the western ramped margin of the south Florida platform, known as Pulley Ridge, is composed largely of a non-reefal, coastal marine deposit. Modern biostromal reef growth caps southern Pulley Ridge (SPR), making it the deepest hermatypic reef known in American waters. Subsurface ridge strata are layered, lithified, and display a barrier island geomorphology. The deep-water reef community is dominated by platy scleractinian corals, leafy green algae, and coralline algae. Up to 60% live coral cover is observed in 60-75 m of water, although only 1-2% of surface light is available to the reef community. Vertical reef accumulation is thin and did not accompany initial ridge submergence during the most recent sea-level rise. The delayed onset of reef growth likely resulted from several factors influencing Gulf waters during early stages of the last deglaciation (???14 kyr B.P.) including; cold, low-salinity waters derived from discrete meltwater pulses, high-frequency sea-level fluctuations, and the absence of modern oceanic circulation patterns. Currently, reef growth is supported by the Loop Current, the prevailing western boundary current that impinges upon the southwest Florida platform, providing warm, clear, low-nutrient waters to SPR. The rare discovery of a preserved non-reefal lowstand shoreline capped by rich hermatypic deep-reef growth on a tectonically stable continental shelf is significant for both accurate identification of late Quaternary sea-level position and in better constraining controls on the depth limits of hermatypic reefs and their capacity for adaptation to extremely low light levels. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2004.11.012","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Jarrett, B.D., Hine, A.C., Halley, R.B., Naar, D., Locker, S., Neumann, A., Twichell, D., Hu, C., Donahue, B., Jaap, W., Palandro, D., and Ciembronowicz, K., 2005, Strange bedfellows - A deep-water hermatypic coral reef superimposed on a drowned barrier island; Southern Pulley Ridge, SW Florida platform margin: Marine Geology, v. 214, no. 4, p. 295-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.11.012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"307","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Pulley Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84,\n 24\n ],\n [\n -82.5,\n 24\n ],\n [\n -82.5,\n 25.25\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 25.25\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 24\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"214","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b989ce4b08c986b31c0cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrett, B. D.","contributorId":27254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hine, A. C.","contributorId":21197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":87941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naar, D. F.","contributorId":80434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naar","given":"D. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Locker, S. D.","contributorId":81532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neumann, A.C.","contributorId":76070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neumann","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Twichell, D.","contributorId":53144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hu, C.","contributorId":75748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Donahue, B.T.","contributorId":12529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donahue","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jaap, W.C.","contributorId":6654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaap","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Palandro, D.","contributorId":102685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palandro","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ciembronowicz, K.","contributorId":77353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciembronowicz","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70029390,"text":"70029390 - 2005 - Landscape characteristics of Rhizophora mangle forests and propagule deposition in coastal environments of Florida (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70029390","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape characteristics of Rhizophora mangle forests and propagule deposition in coastal environments of Florida (USA)","docAbstract":"Field dispersal studies are seldom conducted at regional scales even though reliable information on mid-range dispersal distance is essential for models of colonization. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential distance of dispersal of Rhizophora mangle propagules by comparing deposition density with landscape characteristics of mangrove forests. Propagule density was estimated at various distances to mangrove sources (R. mangle) on beaches in southwestern Florida in both high-and low-energy environments, either facing open gulf waters vs. sheltered, respectively. Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems were used to identify source forests and to determine their landscape characteristics (forest size and distance to deposition area) for the regression analyses. Our results indicated that increasing density of propagules stranded on beaches was related negatively to the distance of the deposition sites from the nearest stands of R. mangle and that deposition was greatly diminished 2 km or more from the source. Measures of fragmentation such as the area of the R. mangle forests were related to propagule deposition but only in low-energy environments. Our results suggest that geographic models involving the colonization of coastal mangrove systems should include dispersal dynamics at mid-range scales, i.e., for our purposes here, beyond the local scale of the forest and up to 5 km distant. Studies of mangrove propagule deposition at various spatial scales are key to understanding regeneration limitations in natural gaps and restoration areas. Therefore, our study of mid-range propagule dispersal has broad application to plant ecology, restoration, and modeling. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-004-0468-8","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Sengupta, R., Middleton, B., Yan, C., Zuro, M., and Hartman, H., 2005, Landscape characteristics of Rhizophora mangle forests and propagule deposition in coastal environments of Florida (USA): Landscape Ecology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 63-72, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-004-0468-8.","startPage":"63","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210727,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-004-0468-8"},{"id":237740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4402e4b0c8380cd66790","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sengupta, R.","contributorId":76539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sengupta","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, B. 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":29939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yan, C.","contributorId":86961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zuro, M.","contributorId":36741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuro","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hartman, H.","contributorId":97696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029389,"text":"70029389 - 2005 - Parallel Fortran-MPI software for numerical inversion of the Laplace transform and its application to oscillatory water levels in groundwater environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029389","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parallel Fortran-MPI software for numerical inversion of the Laplace transform and its application to oscillatory water levels in groundwater environments","docAbstract":"A parallel Fortran-MPI (Message Passing Interface) software for numerical inversion of the Laplace transform based on a Fourier series method is developed to meet the need of solving intensive computational problems involving oscillatory water level's response to hydraulic tests in a groundwater environment. The software is a parallel version of ACM (The Association for Computing Machinery) Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS) Algorithm 796. Running 38 test examples indicated that implementation of MPI techniques with distributed memory architecture speedups the processing and improves the efficiency. Applications to oscillatory water levels in a well during aquifer tests are presented to illustrate how this package can be applied to solve complicated environmental problems involved in differential and integral equations. The package is free and is easy to use for people with little or no previous experience in using MPI but who wish to get off to a quick start in parallel computing. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Modelling and Software","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.05.006","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Zhan, X., 2005, Parallel Fortran-MPI software for numerical inversion of the Laplace transform and its application to oscillatory water levels in groundwater environments: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 20, no. 3, p. 279-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.05.006.","startPage":"279","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.05.006"},{"id":237703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74c8e4b0c8380cd7781d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhan, X.","contributorId":26477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029385,"text":"70029385 - 2005 - Magmatic effects of the Cobb hot spot on the Juan de Fuca Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029385","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatic effects of the Cobb hot spot on the Juan de Fuca Ridge","docAbstract":"The interaction of the Juan de Fuca Ridge with the Cobb hot spot has had a considerable influence on the magmatism of the Axial Segment of the ridge, the second-order segment that overlies the hot spot. In addition to the construction of the large volcanic edifice of Axial Seamount, the Axial Segment has shallow bathymetry and a prevalence of constructional volcanic features along its 100-km length, suggesting that hot spot-derived magmas supplement and oversupply the ridge. Lavas are generally more primitive at Axial Seamount and more evolved in the Axial Segment rift zones, suggesting that fractional crystallization is enhanced with increasing distance from the hot spot because of a reduced magma supply and more rapid cooling. Although the Cobb hot spot is not an isotopically enriched plume, it produces lavas with some distinct geochemical characteristics relative to normal mid-ocean ridge basalt, such as enrichments in alkalis and highly incompatible trace elements, that can be used as tracers to identify the presence and prevalence of the hot spot influence along the ridge. These characteristics are most prominent at Axial Seamount and decline in gradients along the Axial Segment. The physical model that can best explain the geochemical observations is a scenario in which hot spot and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) magmas mix to varying degrees, with the proportions controlled by the depth to the MORB source. Modeling of two-component mixing suggests that MORB is the dominant component in most Axial Segment basalts. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003JB002767","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chadwick, J., Perfit, M., Ridley, I., Jonasson, I., Kamenov, G., Chadwick, W., Embley, R., le, R., and Smith, M., 2005, Magmatic effects of the Cobb hot spot on the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 3, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002767.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210672,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002767"},{"id":237667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b43e4b0c8380cd693e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chadwick, John","contributorId":13805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadwick","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perfit, M.","contributorId":32722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perfit","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ridley, I.","contributorId":70339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jonasson, I.","contributorId":25349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonasson","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kamenov, G.","contributorId":42416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamenov","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chadwick, W.","contributorId":36352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadwick","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Embley, R.","contributorId":43966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"le, Roux P.","contributorId":104277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"le","given":"Roux P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, M.","contributorId":32658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70029381,"text":"70029381 - 2005 - Wave spectral energy variability in the northeast Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T07:29:05","indexId":"70029381","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave spectral energy variability in the northeast Pacific","docAbstract":"The dominant characteristics of wave energy variability in the eastern North Pacific are described from NOAA National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy data collected from 1981 to 2003. Ten buoys at distributed locations were selected for comparison based on record duration and data continuity. Long‐period (LP) [T > 12] s, intermediate‐period [6 ≤ T ≤ 12] s, and short‐period [T < 6] s wave spectral energy components are considered separately. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses of monthly wave energy anomalies reveal that all three wave energy components exhibit similar patterns of spatial variability. The dominant mode represents coherent heightened (or diminished) wave energy along the West Coast from Alaska to southern California, as indicated by composites of the 700 hPa height field. The second EOF mode reveals a distinct El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐associated spatial distribution of wave energy, which occurs when the North Pacific storm track is extended unusually far south or has receded to the north. Monthly means and principal components (PCs) of wave energy levels indicate that the 1997–1998 El Niño winter had the highest basin‐wide wave energy within this record, substantially higher than the 1982–1983 El Niño. An increasing trend in the dominant PC of LP wave energy suggests that storminess has increased in the northeast Pacific since 1980. This trend is emphasized at central eastern North Pacific locations. Patterns of storminess variability are consistent with increasing activity in the central North Pacific as well as the tendency for more extreme waves in the south during El Niño episodes and in the north during La Niña.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004JC002398","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bromirski, P., Cayan, D., and Flick, R., 2005, Wave spectral energy variability in the northeast Pacific: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 110, no. 3, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002398.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477843,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jc002398","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002398"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf97e4b08c986b32e9b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromirski, P.D.","contributorId":82521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromirski","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flick, R.E.","contributorId":17820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flick","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029380,"text":"70029380 - 2005 - Broad-scale predictors of canada lynx occurrence in eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029380","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broad-scale predictors of canada lynx occurrence in eastern North America","docAbstract":"The Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) is listed as a threatened species throughout the southern extent of its geographic range in the United States. Most research on lynx has been conducted in the western United States and Canada; little is known about the ecology of lynx in eastern North America. To fill critical knowledge gaps about this species, we modeled and mapped lynx occurrence using habitat and weather data from 7 eastern states and 3 Canadian provinces. Annual snowfall, road density, bobcat (L. rufus) harvest, deciduous forest, and coniferous forest were compared at 1,150 lynx locations and 1,288 random locations. Nineteen a priori models were developed using the information-theoretic approach, and logistic regression models were ranked using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and by our ability to correctly classify reserved data (Kappa). Annual snowfall and deciduous forest predicted lynx presence and absence for a reserved dataset (n = 278) with 94% accuracy. A map of the probability of lynx occurrence throughout the region revealed that 92% of the potential habitat (i.e., >50% probability of occurrence) was concentrated in a relatively contiguous complex encompassing northern Maine, New Brunswick, and the Gaspe?? peninsula of Quebec. Most of the remaining potential habitat (5%) was on northern Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia. Potential habitat in New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York was small (1,252 km2), fragmented, and isolated (>200 km) from known lynx populations. When federally listed as threatened in the contiguous United States in 2000, inadequate regulations on federal lands were cited as the primary threat to Canada lynx. However, the majority of potential lynx habitat in the eastern United States is on private lands and continuous with potential habitat in Canada. Therefore, lynx conservation in eastern North America will need to develop partnerships across national, state, and provincial boundaries as well as with private landowners.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0739:BPOCLO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Hoving, C., Harrison, D., Krohn, W., Joseph, R., and O'Brien, M., 2005, Broad-scale predictors of canada lynx occurrence in eastern North America: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 2, p. 739-751, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0739:BPOCLO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"739","endPage":"751","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0739:BPOCLO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f286e4b0c8380cd4b20f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoving, C.L.","contributorId":32333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoving","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, D.J.","contributorId":82022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohn, W.B.","contributorId":64355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joseph, R.A.","contributorId":69331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Brien, M.","contributorId":57980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Brien","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029379,"text":"70029379 - 2005 - Distribution patterns of mercury in Lakes and Rivers of northeastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T17:30:01","indexId":"70029379","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution patterns of mercury in Lakes and Rivers of northeastern North America","docAbstract":"We assembled 831 data points for total mercury (Hgt) and 277 overlapping points for methyl mercury (CH3Hg+) in surface waters from Massachussetts, USA to the Island of Newfoundland, Canada from State, Provincial, and Federal government databases. These geographically indexed values were used to determine: (a) if large-scale spatial distribution patterns existed and (b) whether there were significant relationships between the two main forms of aquatic Hg as well as with total organic carbon (TOC), a well know complexer of metals. We analyzed the catchments where samples were collected using a Geographical Information System (GIS) approach, calculating catchment sizes, mean slope, and mean wetness index. Our results show two main spatial distribution patterns. We detected loci of high Hgt values near urbanized regions of Boston MA and Portland ME. However, except for one unexplained exception, the highest Hgt and CH3Hg+ concentrations were located in regions far from obvious point sources. These correlated to topographically flat (and thus wet) areas that we relate to wetland abundances. We show that aquatic Hgt and CH3Hg+ concentrations are generally well correlated with TOC and with each other. Over the region, CH3Hg+ concentrations are typically approximately 15% of Hgt. There is an exception in the Boston region where CH3Hg+ is low compared to the high Hgt values. This is probably due to the proximity of point sources of inorganic Hg and a lack of wetlands. We also attempted to predict Hg concentrations in water with statistical models using catchment features as variables. We were only able to produce statistically significant predictive models in some parts of regions due to the lack of suitable digital information, and because data ranges in some regions were too narrow for meaningful regression analyses.
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rests solely on evidence of soft tissue anatomy. This has been corroborated by microstructural, topological and developmental evidence of homology between conodont and vertebrate hard tissues. However, these conclusions have been reached on the basis of evidence from highly derived euconodont taxa and the degree to which they are representative of plesiomorphic euconodonts remains an open question. Furthermore, the range of variation in tissue types comprising the euconodont basal body has been used to establish a hypothesis of developmental plasticity early in the phylogeny of the clade, and a model of diminishing potentiality in the evolution of development systems. The microstructural fabrics of the basal tissues of the earliest euconodonts (presumed to be the most plesiomorphic) are examined to test these two hypotheses. It is found that the range of microstructural variation observed hitherto was already apparent among plesiomorphic euconodonts. Thus, established histological data are representative of the most plesiomorphic euconodonts. However, although there is evidence of a range in microstructural fabrics, these are compatible with the dentine tissue system alone, and the degree of variation is compatible with that seen in clades of comparable diversity. ?? The Palaeontological Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x","issn":"00310239","usgsCitation":"Dong, X., Donoghue, P., and Repetski, J., 2005, Basal tissue structure in the earliest euconodonts: Testing hypotheses of developmental plasticity in euconodont phylogeny: Palaeontology, v. 48, no. 2, p. 411-421, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x.","startPage":"411","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488088,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efc1e4b0c8380cd4a42c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dong, X.-P.","contributorId":94846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"X.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donoghue, P.C.J.","contributorId":56018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donoghue","given":"P.C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repetski, J.E.","contributorId":38579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029368,"text":"70029368 - 2005 - Origin of secondary sulfate minerals on active andesitic stratovolcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029368","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of secondary sulfate minerals on active andesitic stratovolcanoes","docAbstract":"Sulfate minerals in altered rocks on the upper flanks and summits of active andesitic stratovolcanoes result from multiple processes. The origin of these sulfates at five active volcanoes, Citlalte??petl (Mexico), and Mount Adams, Hood, Rainier, and Shasta (Cascade Range, USA), was investigated using field observations, petrography, mineralogy, chemical modeling, and stable-isotope data. The four general groups of sulfate minerals identified are: (1) alunite group, (2) jarosite group, (3) readily soluble Fe- and Al-hydroxysulfates, and (4) simple alkaline-earth sulfates such as anhydrite, gypsum, and barite. Generalized assemblages of spatially associated secondary minerals were recognized: (1) alunite+silica??pyrite??kaolinite?? gypsum??sulfur, (2) jarosite+alunite+silica; (3) jarosite+smectite+silica??pyrite, (4) Fe- and Al-hydroxysulfates+silica, and (5) simple sulfates+silica??Al-hydroxysulfates??alunite. Isotopic data verify that all sulfate and sulfide minerals and their associated alteration assemblages result largely from the introduction of sulfur-bearing magmatic gases into meteoric water in the upper levels of the volcanoes. The sulfur and oxygen isotopic data for all minerals indicate the general mixing of aqueous sulfate derived from deep (largely disproportionation of SO2 in magmatic vapor) and shallow (oxidation of pyrite or H2S) sources. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic data of alunite indicate the mixing of magmatic and meteoric fluids. Some alunite-group minerals, along with kaolinite, formed from sulfuric acid created by the disproportionation of SO2 in a condensing magmatic vapor. Such alunite, observed only in those volcanoes whose interiors are exposed by erosion or edifice collapse, may have ??34S values that reflect equilibrium (350??50 ??C) between aqueous sulfate and H2S. Alunite with ??34S values indicating disequilibrium between parent aqueous sulfate and H2S may form from aqueous sulfate created in higher level low-temperature environments in which SO2 is scrubbed out by groundwater or where H2S is oxidized. Jarosite-group minerals associated with smectite in only slightly altered volcanic rock are formed largely from aqueous sulfate derived from supergene oxidation of hydrothermal pyrite above the water table. Soluble Al- and Fehydroxysulfates form in low-pH surface environments, especially around fumaroles, and from the oxidation of hydrothermal pyrite. Anhydrite/gypsum, often associated with native sulfur and occasionally with small amounts of barite, also commonly form around fumaroles. Some occurrences of anhydrite/gypsum may be secondary, derived from the dissolution and reprecipitation of soluble sulfate. Edifice collapse may also reveal deep veins of anhydrite/gypsum??barite that formed from the mixing of saline fluids with magmatic sulfate and dilute meteoric water. Alteration along structures associated with both hydrothermal and supergene sulfates, as well as the position of paleo-water tables, may be important factors in edifice collapse and resulting debris flows at some volcanoes. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.056","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Zimbelman, D.R., Rye, R.O., and Breit, G.N., 2005, Origin of secondary sulfate minerals on active andesitic stratovolcanoes: Chemical Geology, v. 215, no. 1-4 SPEC. ISS., p. 37-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.056.","startPage":"37","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210453,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.056"},{"id":237374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"215","issue":"1-4 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70f2e4b0c8380cd76362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimbelman, D. R.","contributorId":43768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breit, G. N.","contributorId":94664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029366,"text":"70029366 - 2005 - A new synziphosurine (Chelicerata: Xiphosura) from the Late Llandovery (Silurian) Waukesha Lagerstatte, Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T16:02:17.12566","indexId":"70029366","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new synziphosurine (Chelicerata: Xiphosura) from the Late Llandovery (Silurian) Waukesha Lagerstatte, Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"A new synziphosurine (Chelicerata:Xiphosura) is described from the Late Llandovery (Silurian) Konservat-Lagerstätte of Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA. Venustulus waukeshaensis n.gen. and sp. is characterized by a semicircular carapace with a slightly procurved posterior margin lacking genal spines and an opisthosoma composed of 10 freely articulating segments, divided into a preabdomen of seven segments with blunt pleurae and a postabdomen of three segments lacking pleurae. The tail spine is short and styliform. This is the earliest known unequivocal synziphosurine, extending their fossil record from the Wenlock to the Llandovery, and only the second species to be described with prosomal appendages; the presence of six pairs (a pair of chelicerae and five pairs of walking legs) contrasts with the seven in the synziphosurine Weinbergina opitzi, but is comparable to the number in modern horseshoe crabs. V. waukeshaensis n. gen. and sp. is not assigned to a family here pending a wider revision, but it bears most resemblance to the Weinberginidae.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists","doi":"10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079%3C0242:ANSCXF%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.A., Briggs, D.E., Braddy, S.J., Anderson, L.I., Mikulic, D.G., and Kluessendorf, J., 2005, A new synziphosurine (Chelicerata: Xiphosura) from the Late Llandovery (Silurian) Waukesha Lagerstatte, Wisconsin, USA: Journal of Paleontology, v. 79, no. 2, p. 242-250, https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079%3C0242:ANSCXF%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.4124755859375,\n 42.93229601903058\n ],\n [\n -88.0059814453125,\n 42.93229601903058\n ],\n [\n -88.0059814453125,\n 43.167125915000284\n ],\n [\n -88.4124755859375,\n 43.167125915000284\n ],\n [\n -88.4124755859375,\n 42.93229601903058\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4b8e4b0c8380cd4688a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, R. A.","contributorId":89713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, D. E. G.","contributorId":11758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Briggs","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braddy, S. J.","contributorId":61631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braddy","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, L. I.","contributorId":46300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikulic, Donald G.","contributorId":61159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikulic","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kluessendorf, Joanne","contributorId":41965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluessendorf","given":"Joanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029365,"text":"70029365 - 2005 - Watershed-based survey designs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T09:54:06","indexId":"70029365","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed-based survey designs","docAbstract":"Watershed-based sampling design and assessment tools help serve the multiple goals for water quality monitoring required under the Clean Water Act, including assessment of regional conditions to meet Section 305(b), identification of impaired water bodies or watersheds to meet Section 303(d), and development of empirical relationships between causes or sources of impairment and biological responses. Creation of GIS databases for hydrography, hydrologically corrected digital elevation models, and hydrologic derivatives such as watershed boundaries and upstream–downstream topology of subcatchments would provide a consistent seamless nationwide framework for these designs. The elements of a watershed-based sample framework can be represented either as a continuous infinite set defined by points along a linear stream network, or as a discrete set of watershed polygons. Watershed-based designs can be developed with existing probabilistic survey methods, including the use of unequal probability weighting, stratification, and two-stage frames for sampling. Case studies for monitoring of Atlantic Coastal Plain streams, West Virginia wadeable streams, and coastal Oregon streams illustrate three different approaches for selecting sites for watershed-based survey designs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-005-4774-7","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Detenbeck, N., Cincotta, D., Denver, J.M., Greenlee, S., Olsen, A., and Pitchford, A., 2005, Watershed-based survey designs: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 103, no. 1, p. 59-81, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-4774-7.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210839,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-4774-7"},{"id":237881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf87e4b08c986b32e95a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detenbeck, N.E.","contributorId":7073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detenbeck","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cincotta, D.","contributorId":48753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cincotta","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenlee, S.K.","contributorId":38353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenlee","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olsen, A.R.","contributorId":98089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pitchford, A.M.","contributorId":75593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitchford","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}