Conventional measurements of river flows are costly, time‐consuming, and frequently dangerous. This report evaluates the use of a continuous wave microwave radar, a monostatic UHF Doppler radar, a pulsed Doppler microwave radar, and a ground‐penetrating radar to measure river flows continuously over long periods and without touching the water with any instruments. The experiments duplicate the flow records from conventional stream gauging stations on the San Joaquin River in California and the Cowlitz River in Washington. The purpose of the experiments was to directly measure the parameters necessary to compute flow: surface velocity (converted to mean velocity) and cross‐sectional area, thereby avoiding the uncertainty, complexity, and cost of maintaining rating curves. River channel cross sections were measured by ground‐penetrating radar suspended above the river. River surface water velocity was obtained by Bragg scattering of microwave and UHF Doppler radars, and the surface velocity data were converted to mean velocity on the basis of detailed velocity profiles measured by current meters and hydroacoustic instruments. Experiments using these radars to acquire a continuous record of flow were conducted for 4 weeks on the San Joaquin River and for 16 weeks on the Cowlitz River. At the San Joaquin River the radar noncontact measurements produced discharges more than 20% higher than the other independent measurements in the early part of the experiment. After the first 3 days, the noncontact radar discharge measurements were within 5% of the rating values. On the Cowlitz River at Castle Rock, correlation coefficients between the USGS stream gauging station rating curve discharge and discharge computed from three different Doppler radar systems and GPR data over the 16 week experiment were 0.883, 0.969, and 0.992. Noncontact radar results were within a few percent of discharge values obtained by gauging station, current meter, and hydroacoustic methods. Time series of surface velocity obtained by different radars in the Cowlitz River experiment also show small‐amplitude pulsations not found in stage records that reflect tidal energy at the gauging station. Noncontact discharge measurements made during a flood on 30 January 2004 agreed with the rated discharge to within 5%. Measurement at both field sites confirm that lognormal velocity profiles exist for a wide range of flows in these rivers, and mean velocity is approximately 0.85 times measured surface velocity. Noncontact methods of flow measurement appear to (1) be as accurate as conventional methods, (2) obtain data when standard contact methods are dangerous or cannot be obtained, and (3) provide insight into flow dynamics not available from detailed stage records alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004430","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., Cheng, R.T., Haeni, F., Melcher, N., Spicer, K., Hayes, E., Plant, W., Hayes, K., Teague, C., and Barrick, D., 2006, Use of radars to monitor stream discharge by noncontact methods: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 7, W07422; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004430.","productDescription":"W07422; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf61e4b08c986b329b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melcher, N.","contributorId":74187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spicer, K.R.","contributorId":67230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, E.","contributorId":29158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Plant, W.","contributorId":62398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hayes, K.","contributorId":55178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Teague, C.","contributorId":30412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Barrick, D.","contributorId":105888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrick","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70028417,"text":"70028417 - 2006 - Fertilizer-derived uranium and sulfur in rangeland soil and runoff: A case study in central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028417","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fertilizer-derived uranium and sulfur in rangeland soil and runoff: A case study in central Florida","docAbstract":"Fertilizer applications to rangeland and pastures in central Florida have potential impact on the nutrient-sensitive ecosystems of Lake Okeechobee and the Northern Everglades. To investigate the effects of fertilizer applications, three soil profiles from variably managed and improved rangeland, and four samples of surface runoff from both fertilized and unfertilized pasture were collected. In addition to determining nutrient concentrations, isotopic analyses of uranium (U) and sulfur (S) were performed to provide isotopic evidence for U derived from historically applied phosphate (P)-bearing fertilizer ( 234 U 238U activity ratio =1.0 ?? 0.05), and Sderived from recently applied ammonium sulfate fertilizer(??34 S=3.5permil).The distribution and mobility of fertilizer-derived U in these samples is considered to be analogous to that of fertilizer-derived phosphate.Variations of U concentrations and 234 U/238 U activity ratios in soils indicate contribution of fertilizer-derived U in the upper portions of the fertilized soil (15-}34 percent of total U). The U isotope data for runoff from the fertilized field also are consistent with some contribution from fertilizer-derived U. Parallel investigations of S showed no consistent chemical or isotopic evidence for significant fertilizer-derived sulfate in rangeland soil or runoff. Relatively abundant and isotopically variable S present in the local environment hinders detection of fertilizer-derived sulfate. The results indicate a continuing slow-release of fertilizer-derived U and, by inference, P, to the P-sensitive ecosystem, and a relatively rapid release of sulfate of possible natural origin. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11270-006-9156-4","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Orem, W., Simmons, K.R., and Bohlen, P., 2006, Fertilizer-derived uranium and sulfur in rangeland soil and runoff: A case study in central Florida: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 176, no. 1-4, p. 163-183, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9156-4.","startPage":"163","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210029,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9156-4"}],"volume":"176","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f8ae4b0c8380cd53940","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlen, P.J.","contributorId":39571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlen","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028330,"text":"70028330 - 2006 - Temporal variations of heavy metals in coral Porites lutea from Guangdong Province, China: Influences from industrial pollution, climate and economic factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-11T08:38:23","indexId":"70028330","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1233,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variations of heavy metals in coral Porites lutea from Guangdong Province, China: Influences from industrial pollution, climate and economic factors","docAbstract":"The eight heavy metals Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb have been determined in samples of coral Porites lutea collected from Dafangji Island waters (21°21′N, 111°11′E), Dianbai County, Guangdong Province, China, by the ICP-MS method. The samples represent the growth of coral in the period of 1982–2001. The results showed that the waters were polluted by the heavy metals Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb in certain years, but not by other metals. The contamination may have come from industrial sources, including electroplating, metallurgy, mining, and aquatic industries in the coastal areas.
\nThe correlation coefficients among the metals and climatic and economic factors indicate that the metals Ni, Zn, and Cd behave similarly. Copper and Mn are positively correlated, and cobalt is negatively correlated with Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cd. Lead is not correlated with any other metals but is correlated with sea surface water temperature, air temperature, GDP and industrial-agricultural production in Dianbai County. Lead in corals is related to the enhanced pollution level of ocean waters as a result of increased industrial activities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF02872172","issn":"10009426","usgsCitation":"Peng, Z., Liu, J., Zhou, C., Nie, B., and Chen, T., 2006, Temporal variations of heavy metals in coral Porites lutea from Guangdong Province, China: Influences from industrial pollution, climate and economic factors: Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, v. 25, no. 2, p. 132-138, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02872172.","startPage":"132","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba52ee4b08c986b32088b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peng, Z.","contributorId":95598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhou, C.","contributorId":88466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nie, B.","contributorId":34709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nie","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, T.","contributorId":107836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175930,"text":"70175930 - 2006 - Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Salmon Research and Restoration Plan\t","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:21:29","indexId":"70175930","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Salmon Research and Restoration Plan\t","docAbstract":"The Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative (AYK SSI) is an innovative partnership between public and private institutions which provides a forum for non-governmental organizations and state and federal agencies to cooperatively identify and address salmon research and restoration needs. The affected region encompasses over 40% of the State of Alaska; the AYK region includes the watersheds of the Norton Sound region up to and including the village of Shishmaref, the Yukon River Watershed within Alaska, and the Kuskokwim River Watershed (including the coastal watersheds north of Cape Newenham), plus the Bering Sea marine ecosystem. The AYK SSI is a response to disastrously low salmon returns to western Alaska in the late 1990s and early 2000s, which created numerous hardships for the people and communities that depend heavily on the salmon fishery. Some stocks in the region have been in a decline for more than a decade and a half, leading to severe restrictions on commercial and subsistence fisheries. The first step for the AYK SSI has been to collaboratively develop and implement a comprehensive research plan to understand the causes of the declines and recoveries of AYK salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative","usgsCitation":"Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative, 2006, Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Salmon Research and Restoration Plan\t, no. 2006, 93 p.","productDescription":"93 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aykssi.org/wp-content/uploads/RRP.pdf","text":"http://www.aykssi.org/wp-content/uploads/RRP.pdf","size":"7.15MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Artic","issue":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bc2246e4b03fd6b7de1779"} ,{"id":70028421,"text":"70028421 - 2006 - The influence of geology and land use on arsenic in stream sediments and ground waters in New England, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028421","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of geology and land use on arsenic in stream sediments and ground waters in New England, USA","docAbstract":"Population statistics for As concentrations in rocks, sediments and ground water differ by geology and land use features in the New England region, USA. Significant sources of As in the surficial environment include both natural weathering of rocks and anthropogenic sources such as arsenical pesticides that were commonly applied to apple, blueberry and potato crops during the first half of the 20th century in the region. The variation of As in bedrock ground water wells has a strong positive correlation with geologic features at the geologic province, lithology group, and bedrock map unit levels. The variation of As in bedrock ground water wells also has a positive correlation with elevated stream sediment and rock As chemistry. Elevated As concentrations in bedrock wells do not correlate with past agricultural areas that used arsenical pesticides on crops. Stream sediments, which integrate both natural and anthropogenic sources, have a strong positive correlation of As concentrations with rock chemistry, geologic provinces and ground water chemistry, and a weaker positive correlation with past agricultural land use. Although correlation is not sufficient to demonstrate cause-and-effect, the statistics favor rock-based As as the dominant regional source of the element in stream sediments and ground water in New England. The distribution of bedrock geology features at the geologic province, lithology group and map unit level closely correlate with areas of elevated As in ground water, stream sediments, and rocks. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.05.004","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G., and Ayotte, J., 2006, The influence of geology and land use on arsenic in stream sediments and ground waters in New England, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21, no. 9, p. 1482-1497, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.05.004.","startPage":"1482","endPage":"1497","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210081,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.05.004"}],"volume":"21","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad24e4b08c986b3239e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, G.R. Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayotte, J. D.","contributorId":96667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028306,"text":"70028306 - 2006 - Mobilization of lead and other trace elements following shock chlorination of wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028306","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of lead and other trace elements following shock chlorination of wells","docAbstract":"Many owners of domestic wells shock chlorinate their wells to treat for bacterial contamination or control bad odors from sulfides. Analysis of well water with four wells from Fallon, Nevada, showed that following recommended procedures for shock chlorinating wells can cause large, short-lasting increases in trace-element concentrations in ground water, particularly for Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn. Lead concentrations increased up to 745 fold between samples collected just before the well was shock chlorinated and the first sample collected 22-24??h later; Zn concentrations increased up to 252 fold, Fe concentrations increased up to 114 fold, and Cu concentrations increased up to 29 fold. Lead concentrations returned to near background levels following pumping of about one casing volume, however, in one well an estimated 120??mg of excess Pb were pumped before concentrations returned to prechlorination levels. Total Pb concentrations were much greater than filtered (0.45????m) concentrations, indicating the excess Pb is principally particulate. Recommended procedures for purging treated wells following shock chlorination may be ineffective because a strong NaOCl solution can remain in the casing above the pump even following extended pumping. Only small changes in gross alpha and beta radioactivity occurred following shock chlorination. USEPA has not promulgated drinking-water standards for 210Pb, however, measured 210Pb activities in the study area typically were less than the Canadian Maximum Acceptable Concentration of 100??mBq/L. By consuming well water shortly after shock chlorination the public may inadvertently be exposed to levels of Pb, and possibly 210Pb, that exceed drinking-water standards.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.020","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., 2006, Mobilization of lead and other trace elements following shock chlorination of wells: Science of the Total Environment, v. 367, no. 2-3, p. 757-768, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.020.","startPage":"757","endPage":"768","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210375,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.020"},{"id":237273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"367","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b97e4b0c8380cd6f67c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028342,"text":"70028342 - 2006 - Pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals in selected north-central and northwestern Arkansas streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:19:03","indexId":"70028342","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals in selected north-central and northwestern Arkansas streams","docAbstract":"Recently, our attention has focused on the low level detection of many antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, and other organic chemicals in water resources. The limited studies available suggest that urban or rural streams receiving wastewater effluent are more susceptible to contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, and other organic chemicals at 18 sites on seven selected streams in Arkansas, USA, during March, April, and August 2004. Water samples were collected upstream and downstream from the influence of effluent discharges in northwestern Arkansas and at one site on a relatively undeveloped stream in north-central Arkansas. At least one antibiotic, pharmaceutical, or other organic chemical was detected at all sites, except at Spavinaw Creek near Mayesville, Arkansas. The greatest number of detections was observed at Mud Creek downstream from an effluent discharge, including 31 pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals. The detection of these chemicals occurred in higher frequency at sites downstream from effluent discharges compared to those sites upstream from effluent discharges; total chemical concentration was also greater downstream. Wastewater effluent discharge increased the concentrations of detergent metabolites, fire retardants, fragrances and flavors, and steroids in these streams. Antibiotics and associated degradation products were only found at two streams downstream from effluent discharges. Overall, 42 of the 108 chemicals targeted in this study were found in water samples from at least one site, and the most frequently detected organic chemicals included caffeine, phenol, para-cresol, and acetyl hexamethyl tetrahydro naphthalene (AHTN).
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2005.0248","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Haggard, B., Galloway, J., Green, W.R., and Meyer, M.T., 2006, Pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals in selected north-central and northwestern Arkansas streams: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1078-1087, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0248.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1078","endPage":"1087","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477376,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0248","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210431,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0248"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a786de4b0c8380cd786c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haggard, B. E.","contributorId":69755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggard","given":"B. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, J.M.","contributorId":65114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, W. R.","contributorId":68354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028424,"text":"70028424 - 2006 - Trends in metals in urban and reference lake sediments across the United States, 1970 to 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028424","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in metals in urban and reference lake sediments across the United States, 1970 to 2001","docAbstract":"Trends in metals concentrations in sediment cores from 35 reservoirs and lakes in urban and reference settings were analyzed to determine the effects of three decades of legislation, regulation, and changing demographics and industrial practices in the United States on concentrations of metals in the environment. Decreasing trends outnumber increasing trends for all seven metals analyzed (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, and Zn). The most consistent trends are for Pb and Cr: For Pb, 83% of the lakes have decreasing trends and 6% have increasing trends; for Cr, 54% of the lakes have decreasing trends and none have increasing trends. Mass accumulation rates of metals in cores, adjusted for background concentrations, decrease from the 1970s to the 1990s, with median changes ranging from -46% (Pb) to -3% (Hg and Zn). The largest decreases are from lakes in dense urban watersheds where the overall metals contamination in recently deposited sediments has decreased to one-half its 1970s median value. However, anthropogenic mass accumulation rates in dense urban lakes remain elevated over those in lakes in undeveloped watersheds, in some cases by as much as two orders of magnitude (Cr, Cu, and Zn), indicating that urban fluvial source signals can overwhelm those from regional atmospheric sources. ?? 2006 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/05-459R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Van Metre, P., and Callender, E., 2006, Trends in metals in urban and reference lake sediments across the United States, 1970 to 2001: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1698-1709, https://doi.org/10.1897/05-459R.1.","startPage":"1698","endPage":"1709","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210110,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/05-459R.1"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7efe4b08c986b32759a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028176,"text":"70028176 - 2006 - Potential effects of recurrent low oxygen conditions on the Illinois Cave amphipod","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028176","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2201,"text":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of recurrent low oxygen conditions on the Illinois Cave amphipod","docAbstract":"The caves of Illinois' sinkhole plain are the sole habitat of the Illinois Cave amphipod (Gammarus acherondytes), a federally endangered species. The sinkhole plain is a hydrologically-connected sequence of karstified limestone that constitutes an extensive karst aquifer which serves as an important source of potable water for area residents. During this investigation, we examined the ground-water quality in caves within two ground-water basins: 1) Illinois Caverns, where the amphipod is now present after previously reported to have been extirpated from the lower reaches, and 2) Stemler Cave, where the amphipod is reported to have been extirpated. The chemical composition of cave streams in Illinois Caverns and Stemler Cave were compared to determine which parameters, if any, could have contributed to the loss of G. acherondytes from Stemler Cave. Stream water in Stemler Cave contained higher concentrations of organic carbon, potassium, silica, chloride, fluoride, sulfate, iron and manganese than Illinois Caverns. Perhaps most importantly, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in Stemler Cave were, during periods of low flow, substantially lower than in Illinois Caverns. Based on land use, there are probably at least eight times more private septic systems in the Stemler Cave ground-water basin than in the Illinois Caverns ground-water basin. Low DO concentrations were likely the result of microbial breakdown of soil organic matter and wastewater treatment system effluent, and the oxidation of pyrite in bedrock. The near-hypoxic DO in Stemler Cave that occurred during low-flow conditions, and, we speculate, a limited range of G. acherondytes within the Stemler Cave ground-water basin due to a metabolic advantage of the stygophilic aquatic invertebrates over the stygobitic G. acherodytes, resulted in the apparent loss of G. acherondytes from Stemler Cave.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10906924","usgsCitation":"Panno, S., Hackley, K.C., Kelly, W., Hwang, H., Wilhelm, F., Taylor, S., and Stiff, B., 2006, Potential effects of recurrent low oxygen conditions on the Illinois Cave amphipod: Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 68, no. 2, p. 55-63.","startPage":"55","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7edce4b0c8380cd7a7c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, W.R.","contributorId":74120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hwang, H.-H.","contributorId":6981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilhelm, F.M.","contributorId":94844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelm","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, S.J.","contributorId":26872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stiff, B.J.","contributorId":42015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiff","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028067,"text":"70028067 - 2006 - Shallow stratigraphy and sedimentation history during high-frequency sea-level changes on the central California shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028067","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow stratigraphy and sedimentation history during high-frequency sea-level changes on the central California shelf","docAbstract":"Analyses of high-resolution seismic-reflection data and sediment cores indicate that an extensive sediment deposit on the central California continental shelf is comprised of several late-Pleistocene to Holocene age facies. Offshore of the littoral zone, in water depths of 30-90 m, a 3-6 m thick veneer of fine sediment referred to as the mid-shelf mudbelt has formed along 50-100 km of the coast. The mudbelt drapes a parasequence characterized by prograding clinoforms that in places overlies a 1-3 m thick basal transgressive lag deposit. These facies overlie a prominent erosional unconformity that extends from the shore to the outer shelf. Eighteen calibrated 14CAMS ages of marine molluscs and terrestrial wood detritus sampled in cores range 15,800 yr BP to modern indicating a postglacial age for these sediments (one >55,000 yr BP represents relict sand). We model accumulation of these facies using (1) the topography of the underlying erosional unconformity interpreted from seismic reflection profiles, (2) observed sediment facies (grain size) distribution across the shelf (a proxy for wave/current sediment partitioning), and published estimates of (3) eustatic sea-level history, and (4) regional tectonics. Our model and data indicate that deposition of the transgressive lag began during early, slow postglacial sea-level rise and that a notable change in depositional environment occurred across an area of more than 200 km2 of the outer shelf likely in response to abrupt drowning during Meltwater Pulse 1B (11,500 yr BP). We propose that rapid progradation of clinoforms may have occurred during transgression because of the unique interaction of modest rates of sediment input and tectonic uplift, variable rates of eustatic sea-level rise and a complex stepped antecedent topography.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2006.04.001","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Grossman, E.E., Eittreim, S., Field, M., and Wong, F.L., 2006, Shallow stratigraphy and sedimentation history during high-frequency sea-level changes on the central California shelf: Continental Shelf Research, v. 26, no. 10, p. 1217-1239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.04.001.","startPage":"1217","endPage":"1239","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210333,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.04.001"}],"volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e3be4b08c986b3187e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, E. E.","contributorId":96046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eittreim, S.L.","contributorId":98730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eittreim","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wong, F. L.","contributorId":87515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028070,"text":"70028070 - 2006 - Flooding on California's Russian River: Role of atmospheric rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T13:14:53","indexId":"70028070","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flooding on California's Russian River: Role of atmospheric rivers","docAbstract":"Experimental observations collected during meteorological field studies conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration near the Russian River of coastal northern California are combined with SSM/I satellite observations offshore to examine the role of landfalling atmospheric rivers in the creation of flooding. While recent studies have documented the characteristics and importance of narrow regions of strong meridional water vapor transport over the eastern Pacific Ocean (recently referred to as atmospheric rivers), this study describes their impact when they strike the U.S. West Coast. A detailed case study is presented, along with an assessment of all 7 floods on the Russian River since the experimental data were first available in October 1997. In all 7 floods, atmospheric river conditions were present and caused heavy rainfall through orographic precipitation. Not only do atmospheric rivers play a crucial role in the global water budget, they can also lead to heavy coastal rainfall and flooding, and thus represent a key phenomenon linkingweather and climate. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006GL026689","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Ralph, F., Neiman, P., Wick, G., Gutman, S., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., and White, A., 2006, Flooding on California's Russian River: Role of atmospheric rivers: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026689.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487562,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026689","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210363,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026689"}],"volume":"33","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1188e4b0c8380cd54018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralph, F.M.","contributorId":39174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neiman, P.J.","contributorId":14991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neiman","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wick, G.A.","contributorId":22958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wick","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gutman, S.I.","contributorId":25748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutman","given":"S.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"White, A.B.","contributorId":45878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028072,"text":"70028072 - 2006 - Hurricanes, submarine groundwater discharge, and Florida's red tides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028072","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricanes, submarine groundwater discharge, and Florida's red tides","docAbstract":"A Karenia brevis Harmful Algal Bloom affected coastal waters shallower than 50 m off west-central Florida from January 2005 through January 2006, showing a sustained anomaly of ???1 mg chlorophyll m-3 over an area of up to 67,500 km2. Red tides occur in the same area (approximately 26-29??N, 82-83??W) almost every year, but the intense 2005 bloom led to a widespread hypoxic zone (dissolved oxygen <2 mg L-1) that caused mortalities of benthic communities, fish, turtles, birds, and marine mammals. Runoff alone provided insufficient nitrogen to support this bloom. We pose the hypothesis that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) provides the missing nutrients, and indeed can trigger and support the recurrent red tides off west-central Florida. SGD inputs of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in Tampa Bay alone are ???35% of that discharged by all central Florida rivers draining west combined. We propose that the unusual number of hurricanes in 2004 resulted in high runoff, and in higher than normal SGD emerging along the west Florida coast throughout 2005, initiating and fueling the persistent HAB. This mechanism may also explain recurrent red tides in other coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL025449","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hu, C., Muller-Karger, F., and Swarzenski, P., 2006, Hurricanes, submarine groundwater discharge, and Florida's red tides: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025449.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477369,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl025449","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025449"}],"volume":"33","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32bae4b0c8380cd5ea1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, C.","contributorId":75748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muller-Karger, F. E.","contributorId":84542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller-Karger","given":"F. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028296,"text":"70028296 - 2006 - Can basin-scale recharge be estimated reasonably with water-balance models?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:25:08","indexId":"70028296","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can basin-scale recharge be estimated reasonably with water-balance models?","docAbstract":"We examine in-place recharge as an example of the complex, basin-scale hydrologic processes that are being represented with simplified numerical models. The rate and distribution of recharge depend on local meteorological conditions and hydrogeologic properties. The pattern of recharge is defined predominantly by the distribution of net precipitation (precipitation less evapotranspiration), but different pedotransfer functions (PTFs) predict different fractions of precipitation that become in-place recharge at a given location. At any single location, these differences can often be explained on the basis of the PTF characteristics, but because of the complex averaging that occurs across a basin, the combined effects of meteorological variation and soil textural variation on the basin-wide recharge rates cannot be predicted on the basis of the characteristics of different PTFs. In fact, we show that the same basin-scale numerical model, using identical inputs and modeling options, can produce almost an order of magnitude variation in predicted basin total recharge depending on the choice of PTF. This suggests that sensitivity analyses should be performed on the choice of constitutive relationship (e.g., PTF) when assessing the predictive capability of basin-scale hydrologic models. ?? Soil Science Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vadose Zone Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2136/vzj2005.0109","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Faust, A., Ferre, T., Schaap, M., Hinnell, A., and Brown, G.E., 2006, Can basin-scale recharge be estimated reasonably with water-balance models?: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, no. 3, p. 850-855, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0109.","startPage":"850","endPage":"855","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210238,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0109"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f333e4b0c8380cd4b660","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faust, A.E.","contributorId":100600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faust","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferre, T.P.A.","contributorId":196167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferre","given":"T.P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaap, M.G.","contributorId":70583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaap","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinnell, A.C.","contributorId":70175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinnell","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Gordon E. Jr.","contributorId":10166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028145,"text":"70028145 - 2006 - Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:59:39","indexId":"70028145","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method","docAbstract":"The effects of changes in acid deposition rates resulting from the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 should first appear in stream waters during rainstorms and snowmelt, when the surface of the watershed is most hydrologically connected to the stream. Early detection of improved stream water quality is possible if trends at high flow could be separately determined. Trends in concentrations of sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), calcium plus magnesium (Ca2++Mg2+), and acid‐neutralizing capacity (ANC) in Biscuit Brook, Catskill Mountains, New York, were assessed through segmented regression analysis (SRA). The method uses annual concentration‐to‐discharge relations to predict concentrations for specific discharges, then compares those annual values to determine trends at specific discharge levels. Median‐flow trends using SRA were comparable to those predicted by the seasonal Kendall tau test and a multiple regression residual analysis. All of these methods show that stream water SO42− concentrations have decreased significantly since 1983; Ca2++Mg2+ concentrations have decreased at a steady but slower rate than SO42−; and ANC shows no trend. The new SRA method, however, reveals trends that differ at specified flow levels. ANC has increased, and NO3−concentrations have decreased at high flows, but neither has changed as significantly at low flows. The general downward trend in SO42− flattened at median flow and reversed at high flow between 1997 and 2002. The reversal of the high‐flow SO42− trend is consistent with increases in SO42− concentrations in both precipitation and soil solutions at Biscuit Brook. Separate calculation of high‐flow trends provides resource managers with an early detection system for assessing changes in water quality resulting from changes in acidic deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003892","usgsCitation":"Murdoch, P., and Shanley, J.B., 2006, Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08407; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003892.","productDescription":"Article W08407; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff7be4b0c8380cd4f1fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028439,"text":"70028439 - 2006 - Use of borehole radar reflection logging to monitor steam-enhanced remediation in fractured limestone--Results of numerical modelling and a field experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-16T18:10:19","indexId":"70028439","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of borehole radar reflection logging to monitor steam-enhanced remediation in fractured limestone--Results of numerical modelling and a field experiment","docAbstract":"Ground penetrating radar is an efficient geophysical method for the detection and location of fractures and fracture zones in electrically resistive rocks. In this study, the use of down-hole (borehole) radar reflection logs to monitor the injection of steam in fractured rocks was tested as part of a field-scale, steam-enhanced remediation pilot study conducted at a fractured limestone quarry contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons at the former Loring Air Force Base, Limestone, Maine, USA. In support of the pilot study, borehole radar reflection logs were collected three times (before, during, and near the end of steam injection) using broadband 100 MHz electric dipole antennas. Numerical modelling was performed to predict the effect of heating on radar-frequency electromagnetic (EM) wave velocity, attenuation, and fracture reflectivity. The modelling results indicate that EM wave velocity and attenuation change substantially if heating increases the electrical conductivity of the limestone matrix. Furthermore, the net effect of heat-induced variations in fracture-fluid dielectric properties on average medium velocity is insignificant because the expected total fracture porosity is low. In contrast, changes in fracture fluid electrical conductivity can have a significant effect on EM wave attenuation and fracture reflectivity. Total replacement of water by steam in a fracture decreases fracture reflectivity of a factor of 10 and induces a change in reflected wave polarity. Based on the numerical modelling results, a reflection amplitude analysis method was developed to delineate fractures where steam has displaced water. Radar reflection logs collected during the three acquisition periods were analysed in the frequency domain to determine if steam had replaced water in the fractures (after normalizing the logs to compensate for differences in antenna performance between logging runs). Analysis of the radar reflection logs from a borehole where the temperature increased substantially during the steam injection experiment shows an increase in attenuation and a decrease in reflectivity in the vicinity of the borehole. Results of applying the reflection amplitude analysis method developed for this study indicate that steam did not totally replace the water in most of the fractures. The observed decreases in reflectivity were consistent with an increase in fracture-water temperature, rather than the presence of steam. A limiting assumption of the reflection amplitude analysis method is the requirement for complete displacement of water in a fracture by steam.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.12.006","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Gregoire, C., Joesten, P., and Lane, J., 2006, Use of borehole radar reflection logging to monitor steam-enhanced remediation in fractured limestone--Results of numerical modelling and a field experiment: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 60, no. 1, p. 41-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.12.006.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Limestone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.92117118835449,\n 46.95465637620638\n ],\n [\n -67.91112899780273,\n 46.95465637620638\n ],\n [\n -67.91112899780273,\n 46.96022176137895\n ],\n [\n -67.92117118835449,\n 46.96022176137895\n ],\n [\n -67.92117118835449,\n 46.95465637620638\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbec7e4b08c986b3297a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregoire, C.","contributorId":37142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregoire","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028282,"text":"70028282 - 2006 - A landscape-scale model of yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in northern alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T15:03:57","indexId":"70028282","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A landscape-scale model of yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in northern alaska","docAbstract":"We modeled yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in a 23,500 km2 area of northern Alaska using intensive aerial surveys and landscape-scale habitat descriptors. Of the 757 lakes censused, yellow-billed loons occupied 15% and Pacific loons (G. pacifica) 42%. Lake area, depth, proportion of shoreline in aquatic vegetation, shoreline complexity, hydrological connectivity (stream present within 100 m or absent), and an area–connectivity interaction were positive, significant predictors of yellow-billed loon presence in a multivariate logistic regression model, but distance to nearest river or Beaufort Sea coast were not. Predicted yellow-billed loon presence was 13 and 4.7 times more likely on deep and medium lakes, respectively, than on shallow lakes that freeze to the bottom. On small lakes (<60 ha), predicted yellow-billed loon presence was 4.8–1.7 times more likely on lakes with hydrological connectivity than without, but connectivity was not important at most lake sizes (65–750 ha). Yellow-billed loon broods depend on fish available in the brood-rearing lake, and we suggest that a dependable supply of fish is more likely in larger lakes, those deep enough to have open water under winter ice, and those near streams. Highly convoluted shorelines and those with aquatic vegetation provide loon nesting and brood-rearing sites, as well as fish habitat. Pacific loon absence was a significant, positive predictor when added to the habitat model, indicating that yellow-billed loons were four times more likely on lakes without Pacific loons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0042-2","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S.L., Platte, R., and Bond, L., 2006, A landscape-scale model of yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in northern alaska: Hydrobiologia, v. 567, no. 1, p. 227-236, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0042-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210075,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0042-2"}],"volume":"567","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e432e4b0c8380cd464b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, Susan L. susan_earnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":4446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"Susan","email":"susan_earnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Platte, Robert","contributorId":105680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platte","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond, Laura","contributorId":89103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028440,"text":"70028440 - 2006 - Increasing streamflow and baseflow in Mississippi River since the 1940 s: Effect of land use change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028440","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing streamflow and baseflow in Mississippi River since the 1940 s: Effect of land use change","docAbstract":"A trend of increasing streamflow has been observed in the Mississippi River (MR) basin since the 1940 s as a result of increased precipitation. Herein we show that increasing MR flow is mainly in its baseflow as a result of land use change and accompanying agricultural activities that occurred in the MR basin during the last 60 years. Agricultural land use change in the MR basin has affected the basin-scale hydrology: more precipitation is being routed into streams as baseflow than stormflow since 1940 s. We explain that the conversion of perennial vegetation to seasonal row crops, especially soybeans, in the basin since 1940 s may have reduced evapotranspiration, increased groundwater recharge, and thus increased baseflow and streamflow. This explanation is supported with a data analysis of the annually and monthly flow rates at various river stations in the MR basin. Results from this study will help to direct our effort in managing land use and in reducing nutrient levels in MR and other major rivers since nutrient concentrations and loads carried by storm water and baseflow are different. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.033","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., and Schilling, K.E., 2006, Increasing streamflow and baseflow in Mississippi River since the 1940 s: Effect of land use change: Journal of Hydrology, v. 324, no. 1-4, p. 412-422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.033.","startPage":"412","endPage":"422","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210300,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.033"},{"id":237178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"324","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a07e4b0c8380cd61b12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028281,"text":"70028281 - 2006 - Determination of bromine, chlorine and iodine in environmental aqueous samples by epithermal neutron activation analysis and Compton suppression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028281","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2439,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of bromine, chlorine and iodine in environmental aqueous samples by epithermal neutron activation analysis and Compton suppression","docAbstract":"Halides, particularly Br- and Cl-, have been used as indicators of potential sources of Na+ and Cl- in surface water and groundwater with limited success. Contamination of groundwater and surface water by Na+ and Cl- is a common occurrence in growing urban areas and adversely affects municipal and private water supplies in Illinois and other states, as well as vegetation in environmentally sensitive areas. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) can be effectively used to determine these halogens, but often the elevated concentrations of sodium and chlorine in water samples can give rise to very high detection limits for bromine and iodine due to elevated backgrounds from the activation process. We present a detailed analytical scheme to determine Cl, Br and I in aqueous samples with widely varying Na and Cl concentrations using epithermal NAA in conjunction with Compton suppression. ?? 2006 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10967-006-0288-1","issn":"02365731","usgsCitation":"Landsberger, S., O’Kelly, D.J., Braisted, J., and Panno, S., 2006, Determination of bromine, chlorine and iodine in environmental aqueous samples by epithermal neutron activation analysis and Compton suppression: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 269, no. 3, p. 697-702, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-006-0288-1.","startPage":"697","endPage":"702","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-006-0288-1"},{"id":236850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"269","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff98e4b0c8380cd4f299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landsberger, S.","contributorId":105900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landsberger","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Kelly, D. J.","contributorId":81686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Kelly","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braisted, J.","contributorId":47960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braisted","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panno, S.","contributorId":42016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175729,"text":"70175729 - 2006 - A model for autumn pelagic distribution of adult female polar bears in the Chukchi Seas, 1987-1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-06T12:10:59.179393","indexId":"70175729","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"A model for autumn pelagic distribution of adult female polar bears in the Chukchi Seas, 1987-1994","docAbstract":"We made predictions of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) autumn distribution in the Chukchi Sea with a Resource Selection Function (RSF) developed from 1198 satellite radio-collar locations on 124 adult female polar bears, 1987 – 1994. The RSF was created to assist in an aerial survey design for polar bears proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The RSF was based on bathymetry and daily sea ice covariates extracted from passive microwave satellite imagery within the pelagic region > 25 km from shore. The RSF indicated that polar bears selected habitats with intermediate amounts (~50%) of ice cover in close proximity to higher ice concentrations, and over relatively shallow waters. The RSF showed good predictive abilities for the years of its construct, worked best in October, and was robust to inter-annual variability. When evaluated with recent (1997 – 2005) data, the RSF performed well for October and November but poorly in September. This loss of predictive abilities appeared to be related to recent changes in habitat due to longer melt seasons and younger sea ice, and testing the retrospective model with a small sample of recent polar bears locations from a limited region of the Chukchi Sea. Contemporary applications of this RSF must consider three factors that could limit its utility: 1) 2 different sea ice phenology; 2) distributions of males and sub-adults; and 3) occupancy in nearshore habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Durner, G.M., Douglas, D., Nielson, R.M., and Amstrup, S.C., 2006, A model for autumn pelagic distribution of adult female polar bears in the Chukchi Seas, 1987-1994, v, 62 p.","productDescription":"v, 62 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326844,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc2ee4b03fd6b7d94bf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielson, R. M.","contributorId":22967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028093,"text":"70028093 - 2006 - On the formation of the tunnel valleys of the southern Laurentide ice sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028093","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the formation of the tunnel valleys of the southern Laurentide ice sheet","docAbstract":"Catastrophic releases of meltwater, produced by basal melting and stored for decades in subglacial reservoirs at high pressure, may have been responsible for eroding the broad, deep tunnel valleys that are common along the margins of some lobes of the southern Laurentide ice sheet. We surmise that these releases began when the high water pressure was transmitted to the margin through the substrate. The water pressure in the substrate at the margin would then have been significantly above the overburden pressure, leading to sapping failure. Headward erosion of a conduit in the substrate (piping) could then tap the stored water, resulting in the outburst. In some situations, development of a siphon may have lowered the reservoir below its overflow level, thus tapping additional water. Following the flood, the seal could have reformed and the reservoir refilled, setting up conditions for another outburst. Order of magnitude calculations suggest that once emptied, a subglacial reservoir could refill in a matter of decades. The amount of water released during several outbursts appears to be sufficient to erode a tunnel valley. We think that tunnel valleys are most likely to have formed in this way where and when the glacier margin was frozen to the bed and permafrost extended from the glacier forefield several kilometers back under the glacier, as reservoirs would then have been larger and more common, and the seal more robust and more likely to reform after an outburst. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.01.018","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Hooke, R.L., and Jennings, C., 2006, On the formation of the tunnel valleys of the southern Laurentide ice sheet: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 25, no. 11-12, p. 1364-1372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.01.018.","startPage":"1364","endPage":"1372","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210227,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.01.018"},{"id":237086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dcfe4b0c8380cd7533f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooke, R. LeB","contributorId":108308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"LeB","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, C.E.","contributorId":45890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028261,"text":"70028261 - 2006 - Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028261","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment","docAbstract":"We developed a process-based model to predict the probability of arsenic exceeding 5 ??g/L in drinking water wells in New England bedrock aquifers. The model is being used for exposure assessment in an epidemiologic study of bladder cancer. One important study hypothesis that may explain increased bladder cancer risk is elevated concentrations of inorganic arsenic in drinking water. In eastern New England, 20-30% of private wells exceed the arsenic drinking water standard of 10 micrograms per liter. Our predictive model significantly improves the understanding of factors associated with arsenic contamination in New England. Specific rock types, high arsenic concentrations in stream sediments, geochemical factors related to areas of Pleistocene marine inundation and proximity to intrusive granitic plutons, and hydrologic and landscape variables relating to groundwater residence time increase the probability of arsenic occurrence in groundwater. Previous studies suggest that arsenic in bedrock groundwater may be partly from past arsenical pesticide use. Variables representing historic agricultural inputs do not improve the model, indicating that this source does not significantly contribute to current arsenic concentrations. Due to the complexity of the fractured bedrock aquifers in the region, well depth and related variables also are not significant predictors. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es051972f","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Nolan, B.T., Nuckols, J., Cantor, K., Robinson, G., Baris, D., Hayes, L., Karagas, M., Bress, W., Silverman, D., and Lubin, J., 2006, Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 11, p. 3578-3585, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051972f.","startPage":"3578","endPage":"3585","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210266,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051972f"},{"id":237135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c4de4b0c8380cd6fba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, J. 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Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baris, D.","contributorId":68092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baris","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hayes, L.","contributorId":98938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Karagas, M.","contributorId":30428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karagas","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bress, W.","contributorId":100179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bress","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Silverman, D.T.","contributorId":104275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lubin, J.H.","contributorId":14184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubin","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70028043,"text":"70028043 - 2006 - Flow and form in rehabilitation of large-river ecosystems: an example from the Lower Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T15:30:54","indexId":"70028043","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow and form in rehabilitation of large-river ecosystems: an example from the Lower Missouri River","docAbstract":"On large, intensively engineered rivers like the Lower Missouri, the template of the physical habitat is determined by the nearly independent interaction of channel form and flow regime. We evaluated the interaction between flow and form by modeling four combinations of modern and historical channel form and modern and historical flow regimes. The analysis used shallow, slow water (shallow-water habitat, SWH, defined as depths between 0 and 1.5 m, and current velocities between 0 and 0.75 m/s) as an indicator of habitat that has been lost on many intensively engineered rivers and one that is thought to be especially important in rearing of young fishes. Two-dimensional hydrodynamic models for modern and historical channels of the Lower Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri, indicate substantial differences between the two channels in total availability and spatial characteristics of SWH. In the modern channel, SWH is maximized at extremely low flows and in overbank flows, whereas the historical channel had substantially more SWH at all discharges and SWH increased with increasing discharge. The historical channel form produced 3-7 times the SWH area of the modern channel regardless of flow regime. The effect of flow regime is evident in increased within-year SWH variability with the natural flow regime, including significant seasonal peaks of SWH associated with spring flooding. Comparison with other reaches along the Lower Missouri River indicates that a) channel form is the dominant control of the availability of habitat even in reaches where the hydrograph is more intensively altered, and b) rehabilitation projects that move toward the historical condition can be successful in increasing topographic diversity and thereby decreasing sensitivity of the availability of habitat to flow regime. The relative efficacy of managing flow and form in creating SWH is useful information toward achieving socially acceptable rehabilitation of the ecosystem in large river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.014","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R., and Galat, D., 2006, Flow and form in rehabilitation of large-river ecosystems: an example from the Lower Missouri River: Geomorphology, v. 77, no. 3-4, p. 249-269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.014.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"269","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210036,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.014"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1237e4b0c8380cd5420c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galat, D.L.","contributorId":54546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028130,"text":"70028130 - 2006 - Seasonal persistence and population characteristics of Escherichia coli and entercocci in deep backshore sand of two freshwater beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-16T17:40:53.098484","indexId":"70028130","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2503,"text":"Journal of Water and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal persistence and population characteristics of Escherichia coli and entercocci in deep backshore sand of two freshwater beaches","docAbstract":"We studied the shoreward and seasonal distribution of E. coli and enterococci in sand (at the water table) at two southern Lake Michigan beaches—Dunbar and West Beach (in Indiana). Deep, backshore sand (∼20 m inland) was regularly sampled for 15 months during 2002–2003. E. coli counts were not significantly different in samples taken at 5-m intervals from 0–40 m inland (P=0.25). Neither E. coli nor enterococci mean counts showed any correlation or differences between the two beaches studied. In laboratory experiments, E. coli readily grew in sand supplemented with lake plankton, suggesting that in situ E. coli growth may occur when temperature and natural organic sources are adequate. Of the 114 sand enterococci isolates tested, positive species identification was obtained for only 52 (46%), with E. faecium representing the most dominant species (92%). Genetic characterization by ribotyping revealed no distinct genotypic pattern (s) for E. coli, suggesting that the sand population was rather a mixture of numerous strains (genotypes). These findings indicate that E. coli and enterococci can occur and persist for extended periods in backshore sand at the groundwater table. Although this study was limited to two beaches of southern Lake Michigan, similar findings can be expected at other temperate freshwater beaches. The long-term persistence of these bacteria, perhaps independent of pollution events, complicates their use as indicator organisms. Further, backshore sand at the water table may act as a reservoir for these bacteria and potentially for human pathogens.
","language":"English","publisher":"IWA Publishing","doi":"10.2166/wh.2006.518","issn":"14778920","usgsCitation":"Byappanahalli, M., Whitman, R., Shively, D., Ting, W., Tseng, C., and Nevers, M., 2006, Seasonal persistence and population characteristics of Escherichia coli and entercocci in deep backshore sand of two freshwater beaches: Journal of Water and Health, v. 4, no. 3, p. 313-320, https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.518.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"320","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Indiana","otherGeospatial":"southern Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.0394287109375,\n 42.68647341541784\n ],\n [\n -87.528076171875,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 41.56203190200195\n ],\n [\n -86.9293212890625,\n 41.50034959128928\n ],\n [\n -86.28662109375,\n 41.90636538970964\n ],\n [\n -86.0394287109375,\n 42.68647341541784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88cfe4b08c986b316ba3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byappanahalli, M.N.","contributorId":11384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, D.A.","contributorId":78123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ting, W.T.E.","contributorId":107486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ting","given":"W.T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tseng, C.C.","contributorId":63599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tseng","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028260,"text":"70028260 - 2006 - River size and fish assemblages in southwestern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T11:35:42","indexId":"70028260","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River size and fish assemblages in southwestern South Dakota","docAbstract":"We studied relations between river size, fish species diversity, and fish species composition along four major rivers in the Great Plains of southwestern South Dakota to assess patterns of species diversity and composition. We expected diversity to increase with river size and fish composition to change via species addition downstream. Previous surveys of 52 sampling stations provided fish assemblage data, and we used the Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine watershed area by station. Watershed area did not predict species richness or species diversity (Fisher's ??), so species richness of 12 ?? 3.5 SD species and Fisher's ?? of 2.3 ?? 0.87 SD characterized species diversity in the study area. Cluster analysis of faunal similarity (S??rensen's Index) among the 52 sampling stations identified two geographically distinct faunal divisions, so species composition was variable within the study area, but changed via species replacements among faunas rather than species additions downstream. Nonnative species were a minor component of all faunas. Uniform species diversity may be a recent phenomenon caused by impacts of Missouri River dams on native large-river fishes and the unsuitability of rivers in the Great Plains for nonnative species. Variation in faunal composition may also be recent because it was affected by dams. ?? Copyright by the Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Plains Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10525165","usgsCitation":"Hoagstrom, C., Wall, S., Duehr, J., and Berry, C.R., 2006, River size and fish assemblages in southwestern South Dakota: Great Plains Research, v. 16, no. 2, p. 117-126.","startPage":"117","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268120,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/845/"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadb7e4b0c8380cd86f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoagstrom, C.W.","contributorId":11400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoagstrom","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wall, S.S.","contributorId":36721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duehr, J.P.","contributorId":86162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duehr","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, C. R. Jr.","contributorId":39167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028442,"text":"70028442 - 2006 - Assessing possible thermal rearing restrictions for juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) through thermal infrared imaging and in-stream monitoring, Redwood Creek, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:43:08","indexId":"70028442","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing possible thermal rearing restrictions for juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) through thermal infrared imaging and in-stream monitoring, Redwood Creek, California","docAbstract":"We quantified patterns in stream temperature in a northern coastal California river using thermal infrared (TIR) imaging and in-stream monitoring and related temperature patterns to the historical and present distributions of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). In Redwood Creek, California, water temperature increased from the headwaters to about 60 km downstream, then gradually decreased over the next 40 km as the river approaches the Pacific Ocean. Despite the lack of fish migration barriers, juvenile coho are currently only observed in the downstream-most 20 km, whereas historically they were found in 90 km of river channel. Maximum daily temperatures and duration of elevated stream temperatures were not significantly different in the headwater and downstream reaches but were significantly higher in the 50 km long intervening reach, where maximum weekly maximum temperatures ranged from 23 to 27??C. An increase in stream temperatures in the middle basin during the last three decades as a result of channel aggradation, widening, and the removal of large riparian conifers may play an important role in restricting juvenile coho to one-fifth of their historical range. ?? 2006 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F06-043","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., Currens, C., Ozaki, V., Yee, J., and Anderson, D., 2006, Assessing possible thermal rearing restrictions for juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) through thermal infrared imaging and in-stream monitoring, Redwood Creek, California: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 63, no. 6, p. 1384-1396, https://doi.org/10.1139/F06-043.","startPage":"1384","endPage":"1396","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210325,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F06-043"}],"volume":"63","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eddce4b0c8380cd49a6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Currens, C.","contributorId":106388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Currens","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ozaki, V.","contributorId":8029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozaki","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yee, J.","contributorId":60994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, D.G.","contributorId":87806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}