Volcanic ash transport and dispersion (VATD) models are used to forecast tephra deposition during volcanic eruptions. Model accuracy is limited by the fact that fine-ash aggregates (clumps into clusters), thus altering patterns of deposition. In most models this is accounted for by ad hoc changes to model input, representing fine ash as aggregates with density ρagg, and a log-normal size distribution with median μagg and standard deviation σagg. Optimal values may vary between eruptions. To test the variance, we used the Ash3d tephra model to simulate four deposits: 18 May 1980 Mount St. Helens; 16–17 September 1992 Crater Peak (Mount Spurr); 17 June 1996 Ruapehu; and 23 March 2009 Mount Redoubt. In 192 simulations, we systematically varied μagg and σagg, holding ρagg constant at 600 kg m−3. We evaluated the fit using three indices that compare modeled versus measured (1) mass load at sample locations; (2) mass load versus distance along the dispersal axis; and (3) isomass area. For all deposits, under these inputs, the best-fit value of μagg ranged narrowly between ∼ 2.3 and 2.7φ (0.20–0.15 mm), despite large variations in erupted mass (0.25–50 Tg), plume height (8.5–25 km), mass fraction of fine ( < 0.063 mm) ash (3–59 %), atmospheric temperature, and water content between these eruptions. This close agreement suggests that aggregation may be treated as a discrete process that is insensitive to eruptive style or magnitude. This result offers the potential for a simple, computationally efficient parameterization scheme for use in operational model forecasts. Further research may indicate whether this narrow range also reflects physical constraints on processes in the evolving cloud.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","publisherLocation":"Katlenburg-Lindau","doi":"10.5194/acp-16-9399-2016","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., Van Eaton, A.R., and Durant, A., 2016, Adjusting particle-size distributions to account for aggregation in tephra-deposit model forecasts: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 16, p. 9399-9420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9399-2016.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"9399","endPage":"9420","ipdsId":"IP-065450","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9399-2016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7af9be4b0849ce9795e74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Eaton, Alexa R. 0000-0001-6646-4594 avaneaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-4594","contributorId":184079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eaton","given":"Alexa","email":"avaneaton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durant, A.J.","contributorId":102289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durant","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184336,"text":"70184336 - 2016 - Interactions of landscape disturbances and climate change dictate ecological pattern and process: spatial modeling of wildfire, insect, and disease dynamics under future climates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-03T09:41:04","indexId":"70184336","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions of landscape disturbances and climate change dictate ecological pattern and process: spatial modeling of wildfire, insect, and disease dynamics under future climates","docAbstract":"Context
Interactions among disturbances, climate, and vegetation influence landscape patterns and ecosystem processes. Climate changes, exotic invasions, beetle outbreaks, altered fire regimes, and human activities may interact to produce landscapes that appear and function beyond historical analogs.
Objectives
We used the mechanistic ecosystem-fire process model FireBGCv2 to model interactions of wildland fire, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) under current and future climates, across three diverse study areas.
Methods
We assessed changes in tree basal area as a measure of landscape response over a 300-year simulation period for the Crown of the Continent in north-central Montana, East Fork of the Bitterroot River in western Montana, and Yellowstone Central Plateau in western Wyoming, USA.
Results
Interacting disturbances reduced overall basal area via increased tree mortality of host species. Wildfire decreased basal area more than beetles or rust, and disturbance interactions modeled under future climate significantly altered landscape basal area as compared with no-disturbance and current climate scenarios. Responses varied among landscapes depending on species composition, sensitivity to fire, and pathogen and beetle suitability and susceptibility.
Conclusions
Understanding disturbance interactions is critical for managing landscapes because forest responses to wildfires, pathogens, and beetle attacks may offset or exacerbate climate influences, with consequences for wildlife, carbon, and biodiversity.
The northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis Trovessart) is a cavity-roosting species that forages in cluttered upland and riparian forests throughout the oak-dominated Appalachian and Central Hardwoods regions. Common prior to white-nose syndrome, the population of this bat species has declined to functional extirpation in some regions in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, including portions of the central Appalachians. Our long-term research in the central Appalachians has shown that maternity colonies of this species form non-random assorting networks in patches of suitable trees that result from long- and short-term forest disturbance processes, and that roost loss can occur with these disturbances. Following two consecutive prescribed burns on the Fernow Experimental Forest in the central Appalachians, West Virginia, USA, in 2007 to 2008, post-fire counts of suitable black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.; the most selected species for roosting) slightly decreased by 2012. Conversely, post-fire numbers of suitable maple (Acer spp. L.), primarily red maple (Acer rubrum L.), increased by a factor of three, thereby ameliorating black locust reduction. Maternity colony network metrics such as roost degree (use) and network density for two networks in the burned compartment were similar to the single network observed in unburned forest. However, roost clustering and degree of roost centralization was greater for the networks in the burned forest area. Accordingly, the short-term effects of prescribed fire are slightly or moderately positive in impact to day-roost habitat for the northern long-eared bat in the central Appalachians from a social dynamic perspective. Listing of northern long-eared bats as federally threatened will bring increased scrutiny of immediate fire impacts from direct take as well as indirect impacts from long-term changes to roosting and foraging habitat in stands being returned to historic fire-return conditions. Unfortunately, definitive impacts will remain speculative owing to the species’ current rarity and the paucity of forest stand data that considers tree condition or that adequately tracks snags spatially and temporally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for Fire Ecology","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.1202013","usgsCitation":"Ford, W., Silvis, A., Johnson, J.B., Edwards, J.W., and Karp, M., 2016, Northern long-eared bat day-roosting and prescribed fire in the central Appalachians: Fire Ecology, v. 12, no. 2, p. 13-27, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.1202013.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"27","ipdsId":"IP-066208","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.1202013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Mountains","volume":"12","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba2e4b01ccd5500badd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":673748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silvis, Alexander","contributorId":171585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silvis","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26923,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Joshua B.","contributorId":171598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, John W.","contributorId":169827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karp, Milu","contributorId":187455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karp","given":"Milu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182787,"text":"70182787 - 2016 - Fire effects on wildlife in Central Hardwoods and Appalachian regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T10:00:52","indexId":"70182787","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire effects on wildlife in Central Hardwoods and Appalachian regions","docAbstract":"Fire is being prescribed and used increasingly to promote ecosystem restoration (e.g., oak woodlands and savannas) and to manage wildlife habitat in the Central Hardwoods and Appalachian regions, USA. However, questions persist as to how fire affects hardwood forest communities and associated wildlife, and how fire should be used to achieve management goals. We provide an up-to-date review of fire effects on various wildlife species and their habitat in the Central Hardwoods and Appalachians. Documented direct effects (i.e., mortality) on wildlife are rare. Indirect effects (i.e., changes in habitat quality) are influenced greatly by light availability, fire frequency, and fire intensity. Unless fire intensity is great enough to kill a portion of the overstory, burning in closed-canopy forests has provided little benefit for most wildlife species in the region because it doesn’t result in enough sunlight penetration to elicit understory response. Canopy reduction through silvicultural treatment has enabled managers to use fire more effectively. Fire intensity must be kept low in hardwoods to limit damage to many species of overstory trees. However, wounding or killing trees with fire benefits many wildlife species by allowing increased sunlight to stimulate understory response, snag and subsequent cavity creation, and additions of large coarse woody debris. In general, a fire-return interval of 2 yr to 7 yr benefits a wide variety of wildlife species by providing a diverse structure in the understory; increasing browse, forage, and soft mast; and creating snags and cavities. Historically, dormant-season fire was most prevalent in these regions, and it still is when most prescribed fire is implemented in hardwood systems as burn-days are relatively few in the growing season of May through August because of shading from leaf cover and high fuel moisture. Late growing-season burning increases the window for burning, and better control on woody composition is possible. Early growing-season fire may pose increased risk for some species, especially herpetofauna recently emerged from winter hibernacula (April) or forest songbirds that nest in the understory (May to June). However, negative population-level effects are unlikely unless the burned area is relatively large and early growing-season fire is used continually. We did not find evidence that fire is leading to population declines for any species, including Endangered Species Act (ESA)-listed species (e.g., Indiana bat [Myotis sodalis Mill. Allen] or northern long-eared bat [M. septentrionalis Trouess.]). Instead, data indicate that fire can enhance habitat for bats by increasing suitability of foraging and day-roost sites. Similarly, concern over burning and displacement of woodland salamanders (Plethodontidae), another taxa of heightened conservation concern, is alleviated when fire is prescribed along ecologically appropriate aspect and slope gradients and not forced into mesic, high site index environments where salamanders are most common. Because topography across the Central Hardwoods and Appalachians is diverse, we contend that applying fire on positions best suited for burning is an effective approach to increase regional landscape heterogeneity and biological diversity. Herein, we offer prescriptive concepts for burning for various wildlife species and guilds in the Central Hardwoods and Appalachians.
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Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":673749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lashley, Marcus A.","contributorId":187467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lashley","given":"Marcus A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moorman, Christopher","contributorId":146485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moorman","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stambaugh, Michael C.","contributorId":51202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stambaugh","given":"Michael C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182784,"text":"70182784 - 2016 - A gas-tracer injection for evaluating the fate of methane in a coastal plain stream: Degassing versus in-stream oxidation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T16:08:46","indexId":"70182784","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A gas-tracer injection for evaluating the fate of methane in a coastal plain stream: Degassing versus in-stream oxidation","docAbstract":"Methane emissions from streams and rivers have recently been recognized as an important component of global greenhouse budgets. Stream methane is lost as evasion to the atmosphere or in-stream methane oxidation. Previous studies have quantified evasion and oxidation with point-scale measurements. In this study, dissolved gases (methane, krypton) were injected into a coastal plain stream in North Carolina to quantify stream CH4 losses at the watershed scale. Stream-reach modeling yielded gas transfer and oxidation rate constants of 3.2 ± 0.5 and 0.5 ± 1.5 d–1, respectively, indicating a ratio of about 6:1. The resulting evasion and oxidation rates of 2.9 mmol m–2 d–1 and 1,140 nmol L–1 d–1, respectively, lie within ranges of published values. Similarly, the gas transfer velocity (K600) of 2.1 m d–1 is consistent with other gas tracer studies. This study illustrates the utility of dissolved-gas tracers for evaluating stream methane fluxes. In contrast to point measurements, this approach provides a larger watershed-scale perspective. Further work is needed to quantify the magnitude of these fluxes under varying conditions (e.g., stream temperature, nutrient load, gradient, flow rate) at regional and global scales before reliable bottom-up estimates of methane evasion can be determined at global scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b02224","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V.M., Solomon, D., Darrah, T.H., Gilmore, T.E., and Genereux, D., 2016, A gas-tracer injection for evaluating the fate of methane in a coastal plain stream: Degassing versus in-stream oxidation: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 19, p. 10504-10511, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02224.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"10504","endPage":"10511","ipdsId":"IP-071116","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba3e4b01ccd5500badf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, D. Kip","contributorId":71441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"D. Kip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darrah, Thomas H.","contributorId":145769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darrah","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilmore, Troy E.","contributorId":187444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilmore","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Genereux, David P.","contributorId":43649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genereux","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195566,"text":"70195566 - 2016 - Implications of projected climate change for groundwater recharge in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:42:36","indexId":"70195566","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of projected climate change for groundwater recharge in the western United States","docAbstract":"Existing studies on the impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge are either global or basin/location-specific. The global studies lack the specificity to inform decision making, while the local studies do little to clarify potential changes over large regions (major river basins, states, or groups of states), a scale often important in the development of water policy. An analysis of the potential impact of climate change on groundwater recharge across the western United States (west of 100° longitude) is presented synthesizing existing studies and applying current knowledge of recharge processes and amounts. Eight representative aquifers located across the region were evaluated. For each aquifer published recharge budget components were converted into four standard recharge mechanisms: diffuse, focused, irrigation, and mountain-systems recharge. Future changes in individual recharge mechanisms and total recharge were then estimated for each aquifer. Model-based studies of projected climate-change effects on recharge were available and utilized for half of the aquifers. For the remainder, forecasted changes in temperature and precipitation were logically propagated through each recharge mechanism producing qualitative estimates of direction of changes in recharge only (not magnitude). Several key patterns emerge from the analysis. First, the available estimates indicate average declines of 10–20% in total recharge across the southern aquifers, but with a wide range of uncertainty that includes no change. Second, the northern set of aquifers will likely incur little change to slight increases in total recharge. Third, mountain system recharge is expected to decline across much of the region due to decreased snowpack, with that impact lessening with higher elevation and latitude. Factors contributing the greatest uncertainty in the estimates include: (1) limited studies quantitatively coupling climate projections to recharge estimation methods using detailed, process-based numerical models; (2) a generally poor understanding of hydrologic flowpaths and processes in mountain systems; (3) difficulty predicting the response of focused recharge to potential changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events; and (4) unconstrained feedbacks between climate, irrigation practices, and recharge in highly developed aquifer systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.027","usgsCitation":"Meixner, T., Manning, A.H., Stonestrom, D.A., Allen, D.M., Ajami, H., Blasch, K.W., Brookfield, A.E., Castro, C.L., Clark, J., Gochis, D., Flint, A.L., Neff, K.L., Niraula, R., Rodell, M., Scanlon, B., Singha, K., and Walvoord, M.A., 2016, Implications of projected climate change for groundwater recharge in the western United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 534, p. 124-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.027.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"138","ipdsId":"IP-061996","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":351876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"534","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee916e4b0da30c1bfc51a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meixner, Thomas","contributorId":22653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meixner","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Diana M.","contributorId":83010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ajami, Hoori","contributorId":74506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ajami","given":"Hoori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blasch, Kyle W. 0000-0002-0590-0724 kblasch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":1631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"kblasch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brookfield, Andrea E.","contributorId":202677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brookfield","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Castro, Christopher L.","contributorId":202676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castro","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Clark, Jordan F.","contributorId":106177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jordan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gochis, David","contributorId":152455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gochis","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6648,"text":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Neff, Kirstin L.","contributorId":202678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"Kirstin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Niraula, Rewati","contributorId":100714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niraula","given":"Rewati","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Rodell, Matthew","contributorId":147282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodell","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70185297,"text":"70185297 - 2016 - Germination and growth of native and invasive plants on soil associated with biological control of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-20T14:02:21.808619","indexId":"70185297","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2100,"text":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Germination and growth of native and invasive plants on soil associated with biological control of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.)","title":"Germination and growth of native and invasive plants on soil associated with biological control of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.)","docAbstract":"Introductions of biocontrol beetles (tamarisk beetles) are causing dieback of exotic tamarisk in riparian zones across the western United States, yet factors that determine plant communities that follow tamarisk dieback are poorly understood. Tamarisk-dominated soils are generally higher in nutrients, organic matter, and salts than nearby soils, and these soil attributes might influence the trajectory of community change. To assess physical and chemical drivers of plant colonization after beetle-induced tamarisk dieback, we conducted separate germination and growth experiments using soil and litter collected beneath defoliated tamarisk trees. Focal species were two common native (red threeawn, sand dropseed) and two common invasive exotic plants (Russian knapweed, downy brome), planted alone and in combination. Nutrient, salinity, wood chip, and litter manipulations examined how tamarisk litter affects the growth of other species in a context of riparian zone management. Tamarisk litter, tamarisk litter leachate, and fertilization with inorganic nutrients increased growth in all species, but the effect was larger on the exotic plants. Salinity of 4 dS m−1 benefitted Russian knapweed, which also showed the largest positive responses to added nutrients. Litter and wood chips generally delayed and decreased germination; however, a thinner layer of wood chips increased growth slightly. Time to germination was lengthened by most treatments for natives, was not affected in exotic Russian knapweed, and was sometimes decreased in downy brome. Because natives showed only small positive responses to litter and fertilization and large negative responses to competition, Russian knapweed and downy brome are likely to perform better than these two native species following tamarisk dieback.
","language":"English","publisher":"Weed Science Society of America","doi":"10.1614/IPSM-D-16-00034.1","usgsCitation":"Sherry, R.A., Shafroth, P.B., Belnap, J., Ostoja, S.M., and Reed, S.C., 2016, Germination and growth of native and invasive plants on soil associated with biological control of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.): Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 9, no. 4, p. 290-307, https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-16-00034.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"307","ipdsId":"IP-073632","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337838,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1614/IPSM-D-16-00034.1"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ae4b0236b68f67369","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherry, Rebecca A.","contributorId":189525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherry","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M. sostoja@usgs.gov","contributorId":3039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven","email":"sostoja@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33665,"text":"USDA California Climate Hub, UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":685069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70184190,"text":"70184190 - 2016 - Concordance in diagnostic testing for respiratory pathogens of bighorn sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:38:00","indexId":"70184190","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concordance in diagnostic testing for respiratory pathogens of bighorn sheep","docAbstract":"Reliable diagnostic tests are essential for disease investigation and management. This is particularly true for diseases of free-ranging wildlife where sampling is logistically difficult precluding retesting. Clinical assays for wildlife diseases frequently vary among laboratories because of lack of appropriate standardized commercial kits. Results of diagnostic testing may also be called into question when investigators report different etiologies for disease outbreaks, despite similar clinical and pathologic findings. To evaluate reliability of diagnostic testing for respiratory pathogens of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), we conducted a series of ring tests across 6 laboratories routinely involved in detection of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, Pasteurellaceae, lktA (the Pasteurellaceae gene encoding leukotoxin), and 3 reference laboratories. Consistency of results for replicate samples within laboratories was high (median agreement = 1.0). Agreement between laboratories was high for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of M. ovipneumoniae and culture isolation of Mannheimia spp. and Bibersteinia trehalosi(median agreement = 0.89–0.95, Kappa = 0.65–0.74), and lower for PCR detection of Mannheimiaspp. lktA (median agreement = 0.58, Kappa = 0.12). Most errors on defined status samples were false negatives, suggesting test sensitivity was a greater problem than specificity. However, tests for M. haemolytica and lktA yielded some false positive results. Despite differences in testing protocols, median agreement among laboratories and correct classification of controls for most agents was ≥0.80, meeting or exceeding the standard required by federal proficiency testing programs. This information is valuable for interpreting test results, laboratory quality assessments, and advancing diagnosis of respiratory disease in wild sheep. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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dwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-2445","contributorId":4758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Daniel","email":"dwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cassirer, E. Frances","contributorId":23404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cassirer","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Frances","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonds, Michael D.","contributorId":187451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonds","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Daniel R.","contributorId":65396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, William H.","contributorId":9144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weiser, Glen C.","contributorId":173669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiser","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Drew, Mark L.","contributorId":169527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drew","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25555,"text":"Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Briggs, Robert E.","contributorId":187470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Briggs","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fox, Karen A.","contributorId":79785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, Michael W.","contributorId":140308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13449,"text":"Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Shanthalingam, Sudarvili","contributorId":187452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shanthalingam","given":"Sudarvili","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Srikumaran, Subramaniam","contributorId":187453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Srikumaran","given":"Subramaniam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Besser, Thomas E.","contributorId":187454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Besser","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70182830,"text":"70182830 - 2016 - Paleogeographic implications of Late Miocene lacustrine and nonmarine evaporite deposits in the Lake Mead region: Immediate precursors to the Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:06:48","indexId":"70182830","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleogeographic implications of Late Miocene lacustrine and nonmarine evaporite deposits in the Lake Mead region: Immediate precursors to the Colorado River","docAbstract":"Thick late Miocene nonmarine evaporite (mainly halite and gypsum) and related lacustrine limestone deposits compose the upper basin fill in half grabens within the Lake Mead region of the Basin and Range Province directly west of the Colorado Plateau in southern Nevada and northwestern Arizona. Regional relations and geochronologic data indicate that these deposits are late synextensional to postextensional (ca. 12–5 Ma), with major extension bracketed between ca. 16 and 9 Ma and the abrupt western margin of the Colorado Plateau established by ca. 9 Ma. Significant accommodation space in the half grabens allowed for deposition of late Miocene lacustrine and evaporite sediments. Concurrently, waning extension promoted integration of initially isolated basins, progressive enlargement of drainage nets, and development of broad, low gradient plains and shallow water bodies with extensive clastic, carbonate, and/or evaporite sedimentation. The continued subsidence of basins under restricted conditions also allowed for the preservation of particularly thick, localized evaporite sequences prior to development of the through-going Colorado River.
The spatial and temporal patterns of deposition indicate increasing amounts of freshwater input during the late Miocene (ca. 12–6 Ma) immediately preceding arrival of the Colorado River between ca. 5.6 and 4.9 Ma. In axial basins along and proximal to the present course of the Colorado River, evaporite deposition (mainly gypsum) transitioned to lacustrine limestone progressively from east to west, beginning ca. 12–11 Ma in the Grand Wash Trough in the east and shortly after ca. 5.6 Ma in the western Lake Mead region. In several satellite basins to both the north and south of the axial basins, evaporite deposition was more extensive, with thick halite (>200 m to 2.5 km thick) accumulating in the Hualapai, Overton Arm, and northern Detrital basins. Gravity and magnetic lows suggest that thick halite may also lie within the northern Grand Wash, Mesquite, southern Detrital, and northeastern Las Vegas basins. New tephrochronologic data indicate that the upper part of the halite in the Hualapai basin is ca. 5.6 Ma, with rates of deposition of ∼190–450 m/m.y., assuming that deposition ceased approximately coincidental with the arrival of the Colorado River. A 2.5-km-thick halite sequence in the Hualapai basin may have accumulated in ∼5–7 m.y. or ca. 12–5 Ma, which coincides with lacustrine limestone deposition near the present course of the Colorado River in the region.
The distribution and similar age of the limestone and evaporite deposits in the region suggest a system of late Miocene axial lakes and extensive continental playas and salt pans. The playas and salt pans were probably fed by both groundwater discharge and evaporation from shallow lakes, as evidenced by sedimentary textures. The elevated terrain of the Colorado Plateau was likely a major source of water that fed the lakes and playas. The physical relationships in the Lake Mead region suggest that thick nonmarine evaporites are more likely to be late synextensional and accumulate in basins with relatively large catchments proximal to developing river systems or broad elevated terranes. Other basins adjacent to the lower Colorado River downstream of Lake Mead, such as the Dutch Flat, Blythe-McCoy, and Yuma basins, may also contain thick halite deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01143.1","usgsCitation":"Faulds, J., Schreiber, C., Langenheim, V., Hinz, N., Shaw, T., Heizler, M.T., Perkins, M.E., El Tabakh, M., and Kunk, M.J., 2016, Paleogeographic implications of Late Miocene lacustrine and nonmarine evaporite deposits in the Lake Mead region: Immediate precursors to the Colorado River: Geosphere, v. 12, no. 3, p. 721-767, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01143.1.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"767","ipdsId":"IP-060602","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01143.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Lake Mead region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.5,\n 35.2\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 35.2\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 37.05\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 37.05\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 35.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba1e4b01ccd5500bad9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faulds, James E.","contributorId":184258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faulds","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreiber, Charlotte","contributorId":184259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreiber","given":"Charlotte","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":151042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinz, Nicholas H.","contributorId":184260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinz","given":"Nicholas H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shaw, Tom","contributorId":184257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heizler, Matthew T.","contributorId":184261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heizler","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perkins, Michael E","contributorId":184262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"El Tabakh, Mohammed","contributorId":184263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"El Tabakh","given":"Mohammed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70182782,"text":"70182782 - 2016 - Toxicants in folk remedies: Implications of elevated blood lead in an American-born infant due to imported diaper powder","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T10:26:34","indexId":"70182782","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicants in folk remedies: Implications of elevated blood lead in an American-born infant due to imported diaper powder","docAbstract":"Though most childhood lead exposure in the USA results from ingestion of lead-based paint dust, non-paint sources are increasingly implicated. We present interdisciplinary findings from and policy implications of a case of elevated blood lead (13–18 mcg/dL, reference level <5 mcg/dL) in a 9-month-old infant, linked to a non-commercial Malaysian folk diaper powder. Analyses showed the powder contains 62 % lead by weight (primarily lead oxide) and elevated antimony [1000 parts per million (ppm)], arsenic (55 ppm), bismuth (110 ppm), and thallium (31 ppm). These metals are highly bioaccessible in simulated gastric fluids, but only slightly bioaccessible in simulated lung fluids and simulated urine, suggesting that the primary lead exposure routes were ingestion via hand-mouth transmission and ingestion of inhaled dusts cleared from the respiratory tract. Four weeks after discontinuing use of the powder, the infant’s venous blood lead level was 8 mcg/dL. Unregulated, imported folk remedies can be a source of toxicant exposure. Additional research on import policy, product regulation, public health surveillance, and culturally sensitive risk communication is needed to develop efficacious risk reduction strategies in the USA. The more widespread use of contaminated folk remedies in the countries from which they originate is a substantial concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10653-016-9881-6","usgsCitation":"Karwowski, M.P., Morman, S.A., Plumlee, G.S., Law, T., Kellogg, M., and Woolf, A.D., 2016, Toxicants in folk remedies: Implications of elevated blood lead in an American-born infant due to imported diaper powder: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 39, no. 5, p. 1133-1143, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-016-9881-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1133","endPage":"1143","ipdsId":"IP-071987","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba3e4b01ccd5500bae1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karwowski, Mateusz P.","contributorId":184186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karwowski","given":"Mateusz","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Law, Terence","contributorId":184187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Law","given":"Terence","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kellogg, Mark","contributorId":184188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Woolf, Alan D.","contributorId":184189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woolf","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182747,"text":"70182747 - 2016 - An automated approach for mapping persistent ice and snow cover over high latitude regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T09:38:05","indexId":"70182747","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automated approach for mapping persistent ice and snow cover over high latitude regions","docAbstract":"We developed an automated approach for mapping persistent ice and snow cover (glaciers and perennial snowfields) from Landsat TM and ETM+ data across a variety of topography, glacier types, and climatic conditions at high latitudes (above ~65°N). Our approach exploits all available Landsat scenes acquired during the late summer (1 August–15 September) over a multi-year period and employs an automated cloud masking algorithm optimized for snow and ice covered mountainous environments. Pixels from individual Landsat scenes were classified as snow/ice covered or snow/ice free based on the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), and pixels consistently identified as snow/ice covered over a five-year period were classified as persistent ice and snow cover. The same NDSI and ratio of snow/ice-covered days to total days thresholds applied consistently across eight study regions resulted in persistent ice and snow cover maps that agreed closely in most areas with glacier area mapped for the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI), with a mean accuracy (agreement with the RGI) of 0.96, a mean precision (user’s accuracy of the snow/ice cover class) of 0.92, a mean recall (producer’s accuracy of the snow/ice cover class) of 0.86, and a mean F-score (a measure that considers both precision and recall) of 0.88. We also compared results from our approach to glacier area mapped from high spatial resolution imagery at four study regions and found similar results. Accuracy was lowest in regions with substantial areas of debris-covered glacier ice, suggesting that manual editing would still be required in these regions to achieve reasonable results. The similarity of our results to those from the RGI as well as glacier area mapped from high spatial resolution imagery suggests it should be possible to apply this approach across large regions to produce updated 30-m resolution maps of persistent ice and snow cover. In the short term, automated PISC maps can be used to rapidly identify areas where substantial changes in glacier area have occurred since the most recent conventional glacier inventories, highlighting areas where updated inventories are most urgently needed. From a longer term perspective, the automated production of PISC maps represents an important step toward fully automated glacier extent monitoring using Landsat or similar sensors.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/rs8010016","usgsCitation":"Selkowitz, D.J., and Forster, R.R., 2016, An automated approach for mapping persistent ice and snow cover over high latitude regions: Remote Sensing, v. 8, no. 1, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010016.","productDescription":"21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-066601","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Circumpolar Arctic","volume":"8","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a3fe4b01ccd54ff3f86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selkowitz, David J. 0000-0003-0824-7051 dselkowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-7051","contributorId":3259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selkowitz","given":"David","email":"dselkowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forster, Richard R.","contributorId":169008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forster","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25396,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182746,"text":"70182746 - 2016 - Fluid-faulting evolution in high definition: Connecting fault structure and frequency-magnitude variations during the 2014 Long Valley Caldera, California earthquake swarm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T09:40:12","indexId":"70182746","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid-faulting evolution in high definition: Connecting fault structure and frequency-magnitude variations during the 2014 Long Valley Caldera, California earthquake swarm","docAbstract":"An extended earthquake swarm occurred beneath southeastern Long Valley Caldera between May and November 2014, culminating in three magnitude 3.5 earthquakes and 1145 cataloged events on 26 September alone. The swarm produced the most prolific seismicity in the caldera since a major unrest episode in 1997-1998. To gain insight into the physics controlling swarm evolution, we used large-scale cross-correlation between waveforms of cataloged earthquakes and continuous data, producing precise locations for 8494 events, more than 2.5 times the routine catalog. We also estimated magnitudes for 18,634 events (~5.5 times the routine catalog), using a principal component fit to measure waveform amplitudes relative to cataloged events. This expanded and relocated catalog reveals multiple episodes of pronounced hypocenter expansion and migration on a collection of neighboring faults. Given the rapid migration and alignment of hypocenters on narrow faults, we infer that activity was initiated and sustained by an evolving fluid pressure transient with a low-viscosity fluid, likely composed primarily of water and CO2 exsolved from underlying magma. Although both updip and downdip migration were observed within the swarm, downdip activity ceased shortly after activation, while updip activity persisted for weeks at moderate levels. Strongly migrating, single-fault episodes within the larger swarm exhibited a higher proportion of larger earthquakes (lower Gutenberg-Richter b value), which may have been facilitated by fluid pressure confined in two dimensions within the fault zone. In contrast, the later swarm activity occurred on an increasingly diffuse collection of smaller faults, with a much higher b value.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012719","usgsCitation":"Shelly, D.R., Ellsworth, W.L., and Hill, D.P., 2016, Fluid-faulting evolution in high definition: Connecting fault structure and frequency-magnitude variations during the 2014 Long Valley Caldera, California earthquake swarm: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 212, no. 3, p. 1776-1795, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012719.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1776","endPage":"1795","ipdsId":"IP-070982","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012719","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":" Long Valley Caldera","volume":"212","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a3fe4b01ccd54ff3f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, David P. hill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"hill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":673559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182755,"text":"70182755 - 2016 - Elevated bladder cancer in northern New England: The role of drinking water and arsenic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:33:17","indexId":"70182755","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5036,"text":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevated bladder cancer in northern New England: The role of drinking water and arsenic","docAbstract":"Background: Bladder cancer mortality rates have been elevated in northern New England for at least five decades. Incidence rates in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont are about 20% higher than the United States overall. We explored reasons for this excess, focusing on arsenic in drinking water from private wells, which are particularly prevalent in the region.
Methods: In a population-based case-control study in these three states, 1213 bladder cancer case patients and 1418 control subjects provided information on suspected risk factors. Log transformed arsenic concentrations were estimated by linear regression based on measurements in water samples from current and past homes. All statistical tests were two-sided.
Results: Bladder cancer risk increased with increasing water intake ( Ptrend = .003). This trend was statistically significant among participants with a history of private well use ( Ptrend = .01). Among private well users, this trend was apparent if well water was derived exclusively from shallow dug wells (which are vulnerable to contamination from manmade sources, Ptrend = .002) but not if well water was supplied only by deeper drilled wells ( Ptrend = .48). If dug wells were used pre-1960, when arsenical pesticides were widely used in the region, heavier water consumers (>2.2 L/day) had double the risk of light users (<1.1 L/day, Ptrend = .01). Among all participants, cumulative arsenic exposure from all water sources, lagged 40 years, yielded a positive risk gradient ( Ptrend = .004); among the highest-exposed participants (97.5th percentile), risk was twice that of the lowest-exposure quartile (odds ratio = 2.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.29 to 3.89).
Conclusions: Our findings support an association between low-to-moderate levels of arsenic in drinking water and bladder cancer risk in New England. In addition, historical consumption of water from private wells, particularly dug wells in an era when arsenical pesticides were widely used, was associated with increased bladder cancer risk and may have contributed to the New England excess.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djw099","usgsCitation":"Baris, D., Wadell, R., Freeman, L., Schwenn, M., Colt, J., Ayotte, J.D., Ward, M., Nuckols, J., Schned, A., Jackson, B., Clerkin, C., Rothman, N., Moore, L., Taylor, A., Robinson, G., Hosain, M.G., Armenti, C., McCoy, R., Samanic, C., Hoover, R., Fraumeni, J., Johnson, A., Karagas, M., and Silverman, D., 2016, Elevated bladder cancer in northern New England: The role of drinking water and arsenic: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, v. 108, no. 9, 9 p.; djw099, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djw099.","productDescription":"9 p.; djw099","ipdsId":"IP-064069","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djw099","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New England","volume":"108","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a3fe4b01ccd54ff3f84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baris, Dalsu","contributorId":184111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baris","given":"Dalsu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wadell, Richard","contributorId":184112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wadell","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Laura","contributorId":184113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwenn, Molly","contributorId":184114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwenn","given":"Molly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Colt, Joanne","contributorId":184115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colt","given":"Joanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. 0000-0002-1892-2738 jayotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1892-2738","contributorId":149619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ward, Mary","contributorId":184116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nuckols, John","contributorId":184117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nuckols","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schned, Alan","contributorId":184118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schned","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jackson, Brian","contributorId":184119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Clerkin, Castine","contributorId":184120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clerkin","given":"Castine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rothman, Nathanial","contributorId":184121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rothman","given":"Nathanial","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Moore, Lee","contributorId":184122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Taylor, Anne","contributorId":184123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Robinson, Gilpin","contributorId":184124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Gilpin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Hosain, Monawar G.","contributorId":184125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hosain","given":"Monawar","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Armenti, Carla","contributorId":184126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armenti","given":"Carla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"McCoy, Richard","contributorId":184127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCoy","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Samanic, Claudine","contributorId":184128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Samanic","given":"Claudine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Hoover, Robert","contributorId":184129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoover","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Fraumeni, Joseph","contributorId":184130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fraumeni","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Johnson, Alison","contributorId":184131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Karagas, Margaret","contributorId":184132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karagas","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Silverman, Debra","contributorId":184133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silverman","given":"Debra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}} ,{"id":70182516,"text":"70182516 - 2016 - A manual to identify sources of fluvial sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-25T09:52:55","indexId":"70182516","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA/600/R-16/210","title":"A manual to identify sources of fluvial sediment","docAbstract":"Sediment is an important pollutant of concern that can degrade and alter aquatic habitat. A sediment budget is an accounting of the sources, storage, and export of sediment over a defined spatial and temporal scale. This manual focuses on field approaches to estimate a sediment budget. We also highlight the sediment fingerprinting approach to attribute sediment to different watershed sources. Determining the sources and sinks of sediment is important in developing strategies to reduce sediment loads to water bodies impaired by sediment. Therefore, this manual can be used when developing a sediment TMDL requiring identification of sediment sources.
The manual takes the user through the seven necessary steps to construct a sediment budget:
Sediment budget construction begins with examining the question(s) being asked and whether a sediment budget is necessary to answer these question(s). If undertaking a sediment budget analysis is a viable option, the next step is to define the spatial scale of the watershed and the time scale needed to answer the question(s). Of course, we understand that monetary constraints play a big role in any decision.
Early in the sediment budget development process, we suggest getting to know your watershed by conducting a reconnaissance and meeting with local stakeholders. The reconnaissance aids in understanding the geomorphic setting of the watershed and potential sources of sediment. Identifying the potential sediment sources early in the design of the sediment budget will help later in deciding which tools are necessary to monitor erosion and/or deposition at these sources. Tools can range from rapid inventories to estimate the sediment budget or quantifying sediment erosion, deposition, and export through more rigorous field monitoring. In either approach, data are gathered and erosion and deposition calculations are determined and compared to the sediment export with a description of the error uncertainty. Findings are presented to local stakeholders and management officials.
Sediment fingerprinting is a technique that apportions the sources of fine-grained sediment in a watershed using tracers or fingerprints. Due to different geologic and anthropogenic histories, the chemical and physical properties of sediment in a watershed may vary and often represent a unique signature (or fingerprint) for each source within the watershed. Fluvial sediment samples (the target sediment) are also collected and exhibit a composite of the source properties that can be apportioned through various statistical techniques. Using an unmixing-model and error analysis, the final apportioned sediment is determined.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Gellis, A.C., Fitzpatrick, F., and Schubauer-Berigan, J., 2016, A manual to identify sources of fluvial sediment, xi, 106 p.","productDescription":"xi, 106 p.","numberOfPages":"117","ipdsId":"IP-078964","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336150,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=335394"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548bde4b01ccd54fddfa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gellis, Allen C. 0000-0002-3449-2889 agellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-2889","contributorId":172245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen","email":"agellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075 fafitzpa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":173463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith A.","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph","contributorId":182408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schubauer-Berigan","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182554,"text":"70182554 - 2016 - Nature vs. nurture: Evidence for social learning of conflict behaviour in grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T14:27:36","indexId":"70182554","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nature vs. nurture: Evidence for social learning of conflict behaviour in grizzly bears","docAbstract":"The propensity for a grizzly bear to develop conflict behaviours might be a result of social learning between mothers and cubs, genetic inheritance, or both learning and inheritance. Using non-invasive genetic sampling, we collected grizzly bear hair samples during 2011–2014 across southwestern Alberta, Canada. We targeted private agricultural lands for hair samples at grizzly bear incident sites, defining an incident as an occurrence in which the grizzly bear caused property damage, obtained anthropogenic food, or killed or attempted to kill livestock or pets. We genotyped 213 unique grizzly bears (118 M, 95 F) at 24 microsatellite loci, plus the amelogenin marker for sex. We used the program COLONY to assign parentage. We evaluated 76 mother-offspring relationships and 119 father-offspring relationships. We compared the frequency of problem and non-problem offspring from problem and non-problem parents, excluding dependent offspring from our analysis. Our results support the social learning hypothesis, but not the genetic inheritance hypothesis. Offspring of problem mothers are more likely to be involved in conflict behaviours, while offspring from non-problem mothers are not likely to be involved in incidents or human-bear conflicts themselves (Barnard’s test, p = 0.05, 62.5% of offspring from problem mothers were problem bears). There was no evidence that offspring are more likely to be involved in conflict behaviour if their fathers had been problem bears (Barnard’s test, p = 0.92, 29.6% of offspring from problem fathers were problem bears). For the mother-offspring relationships evaluated, 30.3% of offspring were identified as problem bears independent of their mother’s conflict status. Similarly, 28.6% of offspring were identified as problem bears independent of their father’s conflict status. Proactive mitigation to prevent female bears from becoming problem individuals likely will help prevent the perpetuation of conflicts through social learning.
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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mikle, Nathaniel 0000-0002-6529-8210 nmikle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-8210","contributorId":177026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikle","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nmikle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyce, Mark S.","contributorId":113205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyce","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182749,"text":"70182749 - 2016 - Application of genetics and genomics to wildlife epidemiology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T09:14:38","indexId":"70182749","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of genetics and genomics to wildlife epidemiology","docAbstract":"Wildlife diseases can have significant impacts on wildlife conservation and management. Many\nof the pathogens that affect wildlife also have important implications for domestic animal and human health.\nHowever, management interventions to prevent or control wildlife disease are hampered by uncertainties\nabout the complex interactions between pathogens and free-ranging wildlife. We often lack crucial\nknowledge about host ecology, pathogen characteristics, and host–pathogen dynamics. The purpose of this\nreview is to familiarize wildlife biologists and managers with the application of genetic and genomic\nmethodologies for investigating pathogen and host biology to better understand and manage wildlife\ndiseases. The genesis of this review was a symposium at the 2013 annual Wildlife Society Conference.\nWe reviewed the scientific literature and used our personal experiences to identify studies that illustrate\nthe application of genetic and genomic methods to advance our understanding of wildlife epidemiology,\nfocusing on recent research, new techniques, and innovative approaches. Using examples from a variety of\npathogen types and a broad array of vertebrate taxa, we describe how genetics and genomics can provide tools\nto detect and characterize pathogens, uncover routes of disease transmission and spread, shed light on the\nways that disease susceptibility is influenced by both host and pathogen attributes, and elucidate the impacts\nof disease on wildlife populations. Genetic and increasingly genomic methodologies will continue to\ncontribute important insights into pathogen and host biology that will aid efforts to assess and mitigate the\nimpacts of wildlife diseases on global health and conservation of biodiversity.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.1064","usgsCitation":"Blanchong, J.A., Robinson, S.J., Samuel, M.D., and Foster, J.T., 2016, Application of genetics and genomics to wildlife epidemiology: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 4, p. 593-608, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1064.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"608","ipdsId":"IP-068868","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/259","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a3fe4b01ccd54ff3f8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanchong, Julie A.","contributorId":6030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanchong","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13018,"text":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Stacie J.","contributorId":172022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Stacie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12508,"text":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, 1710 University Ave., Room 285, Madison, WI 53726, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, Jeffery T","contributorId":184105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foster","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182134,"text":"70182134 - 2016 - Status of White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1863) throughout the species range, threats to survival, and prognosis for the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-12T15:25:34.833815","indexId":"70182134","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1863) throughout the species range, threats to survival, and prognosis for the future","docAbstract":"White Sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus (WS), are distributed throughout three major river basins on the West Coast of North America: the Sacramento-San Joaquin, Columbia, and Fraser River drainages. Considered the largest North American freshwater fish, some WS use estuarine habitat and make limited marine movements between river basins. Some populations are listed by the United States or Canada as threatened or endangered (upper Columbia River above Grand Coulee Dam; Kootenai River; lower, middle and, upper Fraser River and Nechako River), while others do not warrant federal listing at this time (Sacramento-San Joaquin Rivers; Columbia River below Grand Coulee Dam; Snake River). Threats that impact WS throughout the species’ range include fishing effects and habitat alteration and degradation. Several populations suffer from recruitment limitations or collapse due to high early life mortality associated with these threats. Efforts to preserve WS populations include annual monitoring, harvest restrictions, habitat restoration, and conservation aquaculture. This paper provides a review of current knowledge on WS life history, ecology, physiology, behavior, and genetics and presents the status of WS in each drainage. Ongoing management and conservation efforts and additional research needs are identified to address present and future risks to the species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jai.13243","usgsCitation":"Hildebrand, L.R., Drauch Schreier, A., Lepla, K., McAdam, S.O., McLellan, J., Parsley, M.J., Paragamian, V.L., and Young, S., 2016, Status of White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1863) throughout the species range, threats to survival, and prognosis for the future: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 32, no. 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O.","contributorId":181842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAdam","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McLellan, J","contributorId":181843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLellan","given":"J","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parsley, Michael J. 0000-0003-0097-6364 mparsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-6364","contributorId":2608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"Michael","email":"mparsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Paragamian, V L","contributorId":181844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paragamian","given":"V","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Young, S P","contributorId":181845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"S P","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70175125,"text":"sim3362 - 2016 - Geologic map of Great Sand Dunes National Park, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T11:12:20","indexId":"sim3362","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-16T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3362","title":"Geologic map of Great Sand Dunes National Park, Colorado","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping was begun after a range fire swept the area of what is now the Great Sand Dunes National Park in April 2000. The park spans an area of 437 square kilometers (or about 169 square miles), of which 98 percent is blanketed by sediment of Quaternary age, the Holocene and Pleistocene Epochs; hence, this geologic map of the Great Sand Dunes National Park is essentially a surficial geologic map. These surficial deposits are diverse and include sediment of eolian (windblown), alluvial (stream and sheetwash), palustrine (wetlands and marshes), lacustrine (lake), and mass-wasting (landslides) origin. Sediment of middle and late Holocene age, from about 8,000 years ago to the present, covers about 80 percent of the park.
Fluctuations in groundwater level during Holocene time caused wetlands on the nearby lowland that bounds the park on the west to alternately expand and contract. These fluctuations controlled the stability or instability of eolian sand deposits on the downwind (eastern) side of the lowland. When groundwater level rose, playas became lakes, and wet or marshy areas formed in many places. When the water table rose, spring-fed streams filled their channels and valley floors with sediment. Conversely, when groundwater level fell, spring-fed streams incised their valley floors, and lakes, ponds, and marshes dried up and became sources of windblown sand.
Discharge in streams draining the west flank of the Sangre de Cristo Range is controlled primarily by snowmelt and flow is perennial until it reaches the mountain front, beyond which streams begin losing water at a high rate as the water soaks into the creek beds. Even streams originating in the larger drainage basins, such as Sand and Medano Creeks, generally do not extend much more than 4 km (about 2.5 miles) beyond where they exit the mountains.
The Great Sand Dunes contain the tallest dunes (maximum height about 750 feet, or 230 m) in North America. These dunes cover an area of 72 square kilometers (28 square miles) and contain an estimated 10–13 billion cubic meters (2.4 to 3.1 cubic miles) of sand. The dunes accumulated in an embayment that formed where the trend of the Sangre de Cristo Range changes from southeasterly to southwesterly. They owe their exceptional height to a combination of factors including range-front geometry, topography, an abundant sand supply from the nearby basin, a complex wind regime, and the Sangre de Cristo Range, which prevents continued eastward migration of dune sand deposited by the prevailing southwesterly and westerly winds. Although the sand on the surface of the Great Sand Dunes is of late Holocene age, most of this massive sand body is a complex of deposits that accumulated episodically for more than 130,000 years.
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Paco, and Romig, J.H., 2016, Geologic map of Great Sand Dunes National Park, Colorado (ver. 1.1, August 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3362, 58 p., scale 1:35,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3362.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: viii, 57 p.; Sheet: 62.0 x 52.0 inches; Supplemental Map; Metadata; Read Me; Spatial Data: Geodatabase, Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-063960","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329723,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3362/sim3362_readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"5.85 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 3362 Read Me"},{"id":335673,"rank":9,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3362/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"4.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
The oceans make up 71% of the Earth’s surface area and are a major component of the global climate system. They are the world’s primary heat reservoir, and knowledge of the global ocean response to past and present radiative forcing is important for understanding climate change. PAGES’ Ocean2k working group aims to place marine climate of the past century within the context of the previous 2000 years (2k). Phase 1 (2011-2015) focused on constraining the forcing mechanisms most consistent with reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) over the 2k interval (McGregor et al. 2015; Tierney et al. 2015). The 1st Ocean2k workshop assisted in the transition to Ocean2k Phase 2 (2015-2017), with the workshop goal to develop, coordinate and significantly advance community-identified and -driven activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"PAGES International Project Office","publisherLocation":"Bern","doi":"10.22498/pages.24.1.44","usgsCitation":"McGregor, H.V., Martrat, B., Evans, M.N., Thompson, D., Reynolds, D., and Addison, J.A., 2016, Data, age uncertainties and ocean δ18O under the spotlight for Ocean2k Phase 2: Past Global Changes, v. 24, no. 1, p. 44-44, https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.24.1.44.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"44","ipdsId":"IP-071004","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.24.1.44","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a576c0e4b057081a24ed39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGregor, Helen V.","contributorId":152676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGregor","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":18956,"text":"University of Wollongong (Australia)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martrat, Belen","contributorId":152677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martrat","given":"Belen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18957,"text":"Spanish Council for Scientific Research (Spain) & Univ. of Cambridge (UK)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Michael N.","contributorId":152678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Diane","contributorId":152679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Diane","affiliations":[{"id":18958,"text":"National Center for Atmospheric Research (USA)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reynolds, D.","contributorId":76149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Addison, Jason A. 0000-0003-2416-9743 jaddison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-9743","contributorId":4192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jason","email":"jaddison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170080,"text":"70170080 - 2016 - Genetic status and conservation of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Glacier National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T14:44:03","indexId":"70170080","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic status and conservation of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Glacier National Park","docAbstract":"Invasive hybridization is one of the greatest threats to the persistence of Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi. Large protected areas, where nonhybridized populations are interconnected and express historical life history and genetic diversity, provide some of the last ecological and evolutionary strongholds for conserving this species. Here, we describe the genetic status and distribution of Westslope Cutthroat Trout throughout Glacier National Park, Montana. Admixture between Westslope Cutthroat Trout and introduced Rainbow Trout O. mykiss and Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii bouvieri was estimated by genotyping 1,622 fish collected at 115 sites distributed throughout the Columbia, Missouri, and South Saskatchewan River drainages. Currently, Westslope Cutthroat Trout occupy an estimated 1,465 km of stream habitat and 45 lakes (9,218 ha) in Glacier National Park. There was no evidence of introgression in samples from 32 sites along 587 km of stream length (40% of the stream kilometers currently occupied) and 17 lakes (2,555 ha; 46% of the lake area currently occupied). However, nearly all (97%) of the streams and lakes that were occupied by nonhybridized populations occurred in the Columbia River basin. Based on genetic status (nonnative genetic admixture ≤ 10%), 36 Westslope Cutthroat Trout populations occupying 821 km of stream and 5,482 ha of lakes were identified as “conservation populations.” Most of the conservation populations (N = 27; 736 km of stream habitat) occurred in the Columbia River basin, whereas only a few geographically restricted populations were found in the South Saskatchewan River (N = 7; 55 km) and Missouri River (N = 2; 30 km) basins. Westslope Cutthroat Trout appear to be at imminent risk of genomic extinction in the South Saskatchewan and Missouri River basins, whereas populations in the Columbia River basin are widely distributed and conservation efforts are actively addressing threats from hybridization and other stressors. A diverse set of pro-active management approaches will be required to conserve, protect, and restore Westslope Cutthroat Trout populations in Glacier National Park throughout the 21st century.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2016.1173587","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., D'Angelo, V., Downs, C.C., Powell, J.D., Amish, S.J., Luikart, G., Kovach, R., Boyer, M., and Kalinowski, S.T., 2016, Genetic status and conservation of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Glacier National Park: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 145, no. 5, p. 1093-1109, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1173587.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1093","endPage":"1109","ipdsId":"IP-069050","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Genetic_Status_and_Conservation_of_Westslope_Cutthroat_Trout_in_Glacier_National_Park/3578355","text":"External 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rkovach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5402-2123","contributorId":145914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan","email":"rkovach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boyer, Matthew","contributorId":124595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":5133,"text":"Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Kalispell, Montana 59901","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kalinowski, Steven T.","contributorId":145736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalinowski","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16214,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70182049,"text":"70182049 - 2016 - Effects of 2 fungicide formulations on microbial and macroinvertebrate leaf decomposition under laboratory conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T14:48:18","indexId":"70182049","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of 2 fungicide formulations on microbial and macroinvertebrate leaf decomposition under laboratory conditions","docAbstract":"Aquatic fungi contribute significantly to the decomposition of leaves in streams, a key ecosystem service. However, little is known about the effects of fungicides on aquatic fungi and macroinvertebrates involved with leaf decomposition. Red maple (Acer rubrum) leaves were conditioned in a stream to acquire microbes (bacteria and fungi), or leached in tap water (unconditioned) to simulate potential reduction of microbial biomass by fungicides. Conditioned leaves were exposed to fungicide formulations QUILT (azoxystrobin + propiconazole) or PRISTINE (boscalid + pyraclostrobin), in the presence and absence of the leaf shredder, Hyalella azteca (amphipods; 7-d old at start of exposures) for 14 d at 23 °C. QUILT formulation (~ 0.3 μg/L, 1.8 μg/L, 8 μg/L) tended to increase leaf decomposition by amphipods (not significant) without a concomitant increase in amphipod biomass, indicating potential increased consumption of leaves with reduced nutritional value. PRISTINE formulation (~ 33 μg/L) significantly reduced amphipod growth and biomass (p<0.05), effects similar to those observed with unconditioned controls. The significant suppressive effects of PRISTINE on amphipod growth, and the trend towards increased leaf decomposition with increasing QUILT concentration, indicate the potential for altered leaf decay in streams exposed to fungicides. Further work is needed to evaluate fungicide effects on leaf decomposition under conditions relevant to stream ecosystems, including temperature shifts and pulsed exposures to pesticide mixtures.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.3465","usgsCitation":"Elskus, A., Smalling, K., Hladik, M., and Kuivila, K., 2016, Effects of 2 fungicide formulations on microbial and macroinvertebrate leaf decomposition under laboratory conditions: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 35, no. 11, p. 2834-2844, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3465.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2834","endPage":"2844","ipdsId":"IP-069807","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"35","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a576bee4b057081a24ed2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elskus, Adria 0000-0003-1192-5124 aelskus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-5124","contributorId":130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elskus","given":"Adria","email":"aelskus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L. 0000-0002-1214-4920 ksmall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4920","contributorId":149769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L. ","email":"ksmall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hladik, Michelle 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70181748,"text":"70181748 - 2016 - Transport of atrazine and dicamba through silt and loam soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T13:21:11","indexId":"70181748","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5293,"text":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of atrazine and dicamba through silt and loam soils","docAbstract":"The objectives of this research were to determine the role of preferential flow paths in the transport of atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine) and dicamba (3-6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) through silt and loam soils overlying the High Plains aquifer in Nebraska. In a previous study, 3 of 6 study areas demonstrated high percentages of macropores; those three areas were used in this study for analysis of chemical transport. As a subsequent part of the study, 12 intact soil cores (30-cm diameter by 40-cm height), were excavated sequentially, two from each of the following depths: 0-40cm and 40-80cm. These cores were used to study preferential flow characteristics using dye staining and to determine hydraulic properties. Two undisturbed experimental field plots, each with a 3-m2 \r\nsurface area, were installed in three study areas in Nebraska. Each was instrumented with suction lysimeters and tensiometers at depths of 10cm to 80cm in 10-cm increments. Additionally, each plot was planted with corn (Zea mays). \r\n\r\nA neutron probe access tube was installed in each plot to determine soil w ater content at 15-cm intervals. All plots were enclosed w ith a raised frame (of 8-cm height) to prevent surface runoff. All suction lysimeters were purged monthly for three months and were sampled immediately prior to pre-plant herbicide application to obtain background chemical \r\nconcentrations. Atrazine and dicamba moved rapidly through the soil, but only after a heavy rainfall event, probably owing to the presence of preferential flow paths and lack of microbial degradation in these soil areas. Staining of laboratory cores showed a positive correlation between the percent area stained by depth and the subsequent \r\nbreakthrough of Br- in the laboratory and leaching of field-applied herbicides owing to large rainfall events. Suction lysimeter samples in the field showed increases in concentrations of herbicides at depths where laboratory data indicated greater percentages of what appeared to be preferential flow paths. Concentrations of atrazine and dicamba \r\nexceeding 0.30 and 0.05µg m1-1 were observed at depths of 10-30cm and 50-70cm after two months following heavy rainfall events. It appears from the laboratory experiment that preferential flow paths were a significant factor in transport of atrazine and dicamba.","language":"English","publisher":"Avanti ","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2016.03.01.3","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J.A., and Friedel, M.J., 2016, Transport of atrazine and dicamba through silt and loam soils: Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering, v. 3, p. 27-42, https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2016.03.01.3.","productDescription":"16 p. 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of chemical control for nonnative crayfish at a warm-water fish production hatchery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-06T11:49:06.849631","indexId":"70180971","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5290,"text":"Freshwater Crayfish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of chemical control for nonnative crayfish at a warm-water fish production hatchery","docAbstract":"Invasive crayfish are known to displace native crayfish species, alter aquatic habitat and community structure and function, and are serious pests for fish hatcheries. White River Crawfish (WRC; Procambarus acutus) were inadvertently introduced to a warm-water fish hatchery in Missouri, USA, possibly in an incoming fish shipment. We evaluated the use of chemical control for crayfish to ensure incoming and outgoing fish shipments from hatcheries do not contain live crayfish. We conducted acute (≤24 hr) static toxicity tests to determine potency, dose-response, and selectivity of pesticides to WRC, Virile Crayfish (VC; Orconectes virilis), and Fathead Minnow (FHM; Pimephales promelas). Testing identified a formulation of cypermethrin (Cynoff®) as the most potent of five pesticides evaluated for toxicity to crayfish. A 4-hr exposure to a cypermethrin concentration of 100 μg · L-1 was found to kill 100% of juvenile and adult WRC; however, adult VC were not consistently killed. Concentrations of cypermethrin ≤100 μg · L-1 did not cause significant (>10%) mortality in juvenile FHM. Additional testing is needed to examine selectivity between crayfish and hatchery fish species. 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structure and viability selection in the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), a vagile raptor with a Holarctic distribution","title":"Genetic structure and viability selection in the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), a vagile raptor with a Holarctic distribution","docAbstract":"Molecular markers can reveal interesting aspects of organismal ecology and evolution, especially when surveyed in rare or elusive species. Herein, we provide a preliminary assessment of golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) population structure in North America using novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs included one molecular sexing marker, two mitochondrial markers, 85 putatively neutral markers that were derived from noncoding regions within large intergenic intervals, and 74 putatively nonneutral markers found in or very near protein-coding genes. We genotyped 523 eagle samples at these 162 SNPs and quantified genotyping error rates and variability at each marker. Our samples corresponded to 344 individual golden eagles as assessed by unique multilocus genotypes. Observed heterozygosity of known adults was significantly higher than of chicks, as was the number of heterozygous loci, indicating that mean zygosity measured across all 159 autosomal markers was an indicator of fitness as it is associated with eagle survival to adulthood. Finally, we used chick samples of known provenance to test for population differentiation across portions of North America and found pronounced structure among geographic sampling sites. These data indicate that cryptic genetic population structure is likely widespread in the golden eagle gene pool, and that extensive field sampling and genotyping will be required to more clearly delineate management units within North America and elsewhere.
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