The data files and explanations presented in this report were used to generate published material-balance approach estimates of amounts of petroleum 1) expelled from a source rock, and the sum of 2) petroleum discovered in-place plus that lost due to 3) secondary migration within, or leakage or erosion from a petroleum system. This study includes assessment of cumulative production, known petroleum volume, and original oil in place for hydrocarbons that were generated from the New Albany Shale source rocks. More than 4.00 billion barrels of oil (BBO) have been produced from Pennsylvanian-, Mississippian-, Devonian-, and Silurian-age reservoirs in the New Albany Shale petroleum system. Known petroleum volume is 4.16 BBO; the average recovery factor is 103.9% of the current cumulative production. Known petroleum volume of oil is 36.22% of the total original oil in place of 11.45 BBO. More than 140.4 BBO have been generated from the Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian New Albany Shale in the Illinois Basin. Approximately 86.29 billion barrels of oil that was trapped south of the Cottage Grove fault system were lost by erosion of reservoir intervals. The remaining 54.15 BBO are 21% of the hydrocarbons that were generated in the basin and are accounted for using production data. Included in this publication are 2D maps that show the distribution of production for different formations versus the Rock-Eval pyrolysis hydrogen-indices (HI) contours, and 3D images that show the close association between burial depth and HI values.The primary vertical migration pathway of oil and gas was through faults and fractures into overlying reservoir strata. About 66% of the produced oil is located within the generative basin, which is outlined by an HI contour of 400. The remaining production is concentrated within 30 miles (50 km) outside the 400 HI contour. The generative basin is subdivided by contours of progressively lower hydrogen indices that represent increased levels of thermal maturity and generative capacity of New Albany Shale source rocks. The generative basin was also divided into seven oil-migration catchments. The catchments were determined using a surface-flow hydrologic model with contoured HI values as input to the model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr200337","usgsCitation":"Higley, D.K., Henry, M.E., Lewan, M.D., and Pitman, J.K., 2003, The New Albany Shale petroleum system, Illinois basin - Data and map image archive from the material-balance assessment (Supersedes Open-File Report 01-162): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-37, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr200337.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402720,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54654.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4596,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Illinois basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.219970703125,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -86.11083984375,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -86.11083984375,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -89.219970703125,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -89.219970703125,\n 37.75334401310656\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Supersedes Open-File Report 01-162","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higley, Debra K. 0000-0001-8024-9954 higley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9954","contributorId":152663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higley","given":"Debra","email":"higley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, M. E.","contributorId":103734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":47792,"text":"wri034041 - 2003 - Effectiveness of the New Hampshire stream-gaging network in providing regional streamflow information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:43","indexId":"wri034041","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4041","title":"Effectiveness of the New Hampshire stream-gaging network in providing regional streamflow information","docAbstract":"The stream-gaging network in New Hampshire was analyzed for its effectiveness in providing regional information on peak-flood flow, mean-flow, and low-flow frequency. The data available for analysis were from stream-gaging stations in New Hampshire and selected stations in adjacent States. The principles of generalized-least-squares regression analysis were applied to develop regional regression equations that relate streamflow-frequency characteristics to watershed characteristics. Regression equations were developed for (1) the instantaneous peak flow with a 100-year recurrence interval, (2) the mean-annual flow, and (3) the 7-day, 10-year low flow. Active and discontinued stream-gaging stations with 10 or more years of flow data were used to develop the regression equations.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nEach stream-gaging station in the network was evaluated and ranked on the basis of how much the data from that station contributed to the cost-weighted sampling-error component of the regression equation. The potential effect of data from proposed and new stream-gaging stations on the sampling error also was evaluated. The stream-gaging network was evaluated for conditions in water year 2000 and for estimated conditions under various network strategies if an additional 5 years and 20 years of streamflow data were collected.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe effectiveness of the stream-gaging network in providing regional streamflow information could be improved for all three flow characteristics with the collection of additional flow data, both temporally and spatially. With additional years of data collection, the greatest reduction in the average sampling error of the regional regression equations was found for the peak- and low-flow characteristics. In general, additional data collection at stream-gaging stations with unregulated flow, relatively short-term record (less than 20 years), and drainage areas smaller than 45 square miles contributed the largest cost-weighted reduction to the average sampling error of the regional estimating equations. The results of the network analyses can be used to prioritize the continued operation of active stations, the reactivation of discontinued stations, or the activation of new stations to maximize the regional information content provided by the stream-gaging network. Final decisions regarding altering the New Hampshire stream-gaging network would require the consideration of the many uses of the streamflow data serving local, State, and Federal interests.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034041","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., 2003, Effectiveness of the New Hampshire stream-gaging network in providing regional streamflow information (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4041, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034041.","productDescription":"64 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4003,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688205","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":85875,"text":"85875 - 2003 - Inventory of marine and estuarine fishes in southeast and central Alaska National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T14:35:45.037901","indexId":"85875","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7504,"text":"Final Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Inventory of marine and estuarine fishes in southeast and central Alaska National Parks","docAbstract":"As part of a national inventory program funded by the National Park Service, we conducted an inventory of marine and estuarine fishes in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Sitka National Historical Park, and Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park in 2001 and 2002. In addition, marine fish data from a previous project that focused on forage fishes and marine predators during 1999 and 2000 in Glacier Bay proper were compiled for this study. Sampling was conducted with modified herring and Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawls, a plumb staff beam trawl, and beach seines. Species lists of relative abundance were generated for nearshore fishes in all parks, and for demersal and pelagic fishes in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. With a total sampling effort of 531 sets, we captured 100 species in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, 31 species in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, 23 species in Sitka National Historical Park, and 11 species in Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park. We estimated that between 59 and 85 percent of the total marine fish species present were sampled by us in the various habitat-park units. We also combined these data with historical records and prepared an annotated species list of 160 marine and estuarine fishes known to occur in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. Shannon-Wiener diversity index and catch per unit effort were used to assess the effects of depth and latitude (distance from tidewater glaciers) on marine fish community ecology in Glacier Bay proper. Our findings suggest that demersal fishes are more abundant and diverse with increased distance from tidewater glaciers, and that pelagic fishes sampled deeper than 50 m are more abundant in areas closer to tidewater glaciers.
The net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon flux can be partitioned into gross primary productivity (GPP) and respiration (R). The contribution of remote sensing and modeling holds the potential to predict these components and map them spatially and temporally. This has obvious utility to quantify carbon sink and source relationships and to identify improved land management strategies for optimizing carbon sequestration. The objective of our study was to evaluate prediction of 14-day average daytime CO2 fluxes (Fday) and nighttime CO2 fluxes (Rn) using remote sensing and other data. Fday and Rnwere measured with a Bowen ratio–energy balance (BREB) technique in a sagebrush (Artemisia spp.)–steppe ecosystem in northeast Idaho, USA, during 1996–1999. Micrometeorological variables aggregated across 14-day periods and time-integrated Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (iNDVI) were determined during four growing seasons (1996–1999) and used to predict Fday and Rn. We found that iNDVI was a strong predictor of Fday(R2=0.79, n=66, P<0.0001). Inclusion of evapotranspiration in the predictive equation led to improved predictions of Fday (R2=0.82, n=66, P<0.0001). Crossvalidation indicated that regression tree predictions of Fday were prone to overfitting and that linear regression models were more robust. Multiple regression and regression tree models predicted Rn quite well (R2=0.75–0.77, n=66) with the regression tree model being slightly more robust in crossvalidation. Temporal mapping of Fday and Rn is possible with these techniques and would allow the assessment of NEE in sagebrush–steppe ecosystems. Simulations of periodic Fday measurements, as might be provided by a mobile flux tower, indicated that such measurements could be used in combination with iNDVI to accurately predict Fday. These periodic measurements could maximize the utility of expensive flux towers for evaluating various carbon management strategies, carbon certification, and validation and calibration of carbon flux models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00004-X","usgsCitation":"Wylie, B.K., Johnson, D.A., Laca, E., Saliendra, N.Z., Gilmanov, T.G., Reed, B.C., Tieszen, L.L., and Worstell, B.B., 2003, Calibration of remotely sensed, coarse resolution NDVI to CO2 fluxes in a sagebrush–steppe ecosystem: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 85, no. 12, p. 243-255, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00004-X.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"255","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.28576660156249,\n 44.289452066459056\n ],\n [\n -112.08732604980469,\n 44.289452066459056\n ],\n [\n -112.08732604980469,\n 44.3601876488838\n ],\n [\n -112.28576660156249,\n 44.3601876488838\n ],\n [\n -112.28576660156249,\n 44.289452066459056\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562f4eaee4b093cee780a27a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas A.","contributorId":146626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laca, Emilio","contributorId":78512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laca","given":"Emilio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saliendra, Nicanor Z.","contributorId":16623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saliendra","given":"Nicanor","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gilmanov, Tagir G.","contributorId":146124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilmanov","given":"Tagir","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":578422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Worstell, Bruce B. 0000-0001-8927-3336 worstell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":1815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"Bruce","email":"worstell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":47779,"text":"wri034016 - 2003 - Simulation of ground-water flow and land subsidence in the Antelope Valley ground-water basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:41","indexId":"wri034016","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4016","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow and land subsidence in the Antelope Valley ground-water basin, California","docAbstract":"Antelope Valley, California, is a topographically closed basin in the western part of the Mojave Desert, about 50 miles northeast of Los Angeles. The Antelope Valley ground-water basin is about 940 square miles and is separated from the northern part of Antelope Valley by faults and low-lying hills. Prior to 1972, ground water provided more than 90 percent of the total water supply in the valley; since 1972, it has provided between 50 and 90 percent. Most ground-water pumping in the valley occurs in the Antelope Valley ground-water basin, which includes the rapidly growing cities of Lancaster and Palmdale. Ground-water-level declines of more than 200 feet in some parts of the ground-water basin have resulted in an increase in pumping lifts, reduced well efficiency, and land subsidence of more than 6 feet in some areas. Future urban growth and limits on the supply of imported water may continue to increase reliance on ground water. To better understand the ground-water flow system and to develop a tool to aid in effectively managing the water resources, a numerical model of ground-water flow and land subsidence in the Antelope Valley ground-water basin was developed using old and new geohydrologic information.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe ground-water flow system consists of three aquifers: the upper, middle, and lower aquifers. The aquifers, which were identified on the basis of the hydrologic properties, age, and depth of the unconsolidated deposits, consist of gravel, sand, silt, and clay alluvial deposits and clay and silty clay lacustrine deposits. Prior to ground-water development in the valley, recharge was primarily the infiltration of runoff from the surrounding mountains. Ground water flowed from the recharge areas to discharge areas around the playas where it discharged either from the aquifer system as evapotranspiration or from springs. Partial barriers to horizontal ground-water flow, such as faults, have been identified in the ground-water basin. Water-level declines owing to ground-water development have eliminated the natural sources of discharge, and pumping for agricultural and urban uses have become the primary source of discharge from the ground-water system. Infiltration of return flows from agricultural irrigation has become an important source of recharge to the aquifer system.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe ground-water flow model of the basin was discretized horizontally into a grid of 43 rows and 60 columns of square cells 1 mile on a side, and vertically into three layers representing the upper, middle, and lower aquifers. Faults that were thought to act as horizontal-flow barriers were simulated in the model. The model was calibrated to simulate steady-state conditions, represented by 1915 water levels and transient-state conditions during 1915-95 using water-level and subsidence data. Initial estimates of the aquifer-system properties and stresses were obtained from a previously published numerical model of the Antelope Valley ground-water basin; estimates also were obtained from recently collected hydrologic data and from results of simulations of ground-water flow and land subsidence models of the Edwards Air Force Base area. Some of these initial estimates were modified during model calibration. Ground-water pumpage for agriculture was estimated on the basis of irrigated crop acreage and crop consumptive-use data. Pumpage for public supply, which is metered, was compiled and entered into a database used for this study. Estimated annual pumpage peaked at 395,000 acre-feet (acre-ft) in 1952 and then declined because of declining agricultural production. Recharge from irrigation-return flows was estimated to be 30 percent of agricultural pumpage; the irrigation-return flows were simulated as recharge to the regional water table 10 years following application at land surface. The annual quantity of natural recharge initially was based on estimates from previous studies. During model calibration, natural recharge was reduced from the initial","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034016","usgsCitation":"Leighton, D.A., and Phillips, S.P., 2003, Simulation of ground-water flow and land subsidence in the Antelope Valley ground-water basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4016, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034016.","productDescription":"118 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3991,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034016","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":171789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a20d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leighton, David A.","contributorId":95493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leighton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47457,"text":"wri034042 - 2003 - Determination of upstream boundary points on southeastern Washington streams and rivers under the requirements of the Shoreline Management Act of 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:38","indexId":"wri034042","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4042","title":"Determination of upstream boundary points on southeastern Washington streams and rivers under the requirements of the Shoreline Management Act of 1971","docAbstract":"Regulation of the shorelines of the State of Washington, as mandated by the Shoreline Management Act of 1971, requires knowledge of the locations on streams and river reaches where specific regulatory criteria are satisfied. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study in 1971 to determine the upstream boundary points of these reaches for many of the State's streams and rivers. Updated upstream boundary points were determined in the current study for all the streams and rivers in southeastern Washington that fall under the jurisdiction of the Shoreline Management Act of 1971. Upstream boundary point locations where the mean annual discharge equals 20 cubic feet per second were determined for 149 streams. In addition, upstream boundary point locations where the mean annual discharge equals 200 cubic feet per second or the drainage area equals 300 square miles were determined for 22 rivers. \r\n\r\nBoundary point locations were determined by application of multiple-linear-regression equations that relate mean annual discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. Southeastern Washington was divided into five hydrologically distinct regions, and a separate regression equation was developed for each region. The regression equations are based on data for gaging stations with at least 10 years of record. The number of stations in the regression analysis for each of the five regions ranged from 5 to 33. The coefficient of determination, R2, of the regression equations ranged from 0.953 to 0.997. The equation for the Upper Yakima region had the lowest standard error, ranging from -7 to +9 percent for a regression estimate of 20 cubic feet per second. The equation for the Columbia Basin to Palouse region had the highest standard error, ranging from -36 to +55 percent for a regression estimate of 20 cubic feet per second. The approximate error in the location of an upstream boundary point can be calculated using the variables mean annual precipitation of the basin upstream from a boundary point and average basin width in the vicinity of the boundary point. The calculation gives only a rough estimate of the error of the boundary point location, because of the uncertainty in estimating average basin width.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034042","usgsCitation":"Higgins, J.L., 2003, Determination of upstream boundary points on southeastern Washington streams and rivers under the requirements of the Shoreline Management Act of 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4042, 18 p., 1 over-size sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034042.","productDescription":"18 p., 1 over-size sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3984,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":173317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db6269ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, Johnna L. jhiggins@usgs.gov","contributorId":3091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Johnna","email":"jhiggins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":235420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50814,"text":"ofr0387 - 2003 - Comparison of temperature, specific conductance, pH, and dissolved oxygen at selected basic fixed sites in south-central Texas, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T16:37:59","indexId":"ofr0387","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-87","title":"Comparison of temperature, specific conductance, pH, and dissolved oxygen at selected basic fixed sites in south-central Texas, 1996-98","docAbstract":"One component of the surface-water part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program is the use of continuous water-quality monitors to help characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of general water quality in relation to hydrologic conditions. During 1996-98, six continuous water-quality monitors in the South-Central Texas study unit collected water temperature, specific conductance, pH, and dissolved oxygen data. The data were compared among the six sites using boxplots of monthly mean values, summary statistics of monthly values, and hydrographs of daily mean values.
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This study was part of a larger USGS River Contaminant Evaluation (RCE) Project. This disc serves as an archive of unprocessed digital seismic reflection data, trackline navigation files, shotpoint navigation maps, observers' logbooks, GIS information, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. In addition, a filtered and gained digital GIF-formatted image of each seismic profile is provided. For your convenience, a list of acronyms and abbreviations frequently used in this report has also been provided.\r\n\r\nThis DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) document is readable on any computing platform that has standard DVD driver software installed. Documentation on this DVD was produced using Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) utilized by the World Wide Web (WWW) and allows the user to access the information by using a web browser (i.e. Netscape or Internet Explorer). To access the information contained on this disc, open the file 'index.htm' located at the top level of the disc using your web browser. This report also contains WWW links to USGS collaborators and other agencies. These links are only accessible if access to the internet is available while viewing the DVD.\r\n\r\nThe archived boomer and chirp seismic reflection data are in standard Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) SEG-Y format (Barry et al., 1975) and may be downloaded for processing with public domain software such as Seismic Unix (SU), currently located at http://www.cwp.mines.edu/cwpcodes. Examples of SU processing scripts are provided in the boom.tar and chirp.tar files located in the SU subfolder of the SOFTWARE folder located at the top level of this DVD. In-house (USGS) DOS and Microsoft Windows compatible software for viewing SEG-Y headers - DUMPSEGY.EXE (Zilhman, 1992) - is provided in the USGS subfolder of the SOFTWARE folder. Processed profile images, shotpoint navigation maps, logbooks, and formal metadata may be viewed with your web browser.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003088","isbn":"0607900687","usgsCitation":"Calderon, K., Dadisman, S.V., Flocks, J.G., and Wiese, D.S., 2003, Archive of Boomer and Chirp Seismic Reflection Data Collected During USGS Cruise 01RCE02, Southern Louisiana, April and May 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-88, Available online and on DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003088.","productDescription":"Available online and on DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-04-26","temporalEnd":"2001-05-03","costCenters":[{"id":159,"text":"Center for Coastal and Watershed Studies","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12035,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.58333333333333,28.833333333333332 ], [ -91.58333333333333,29.666666666666668 ], [ -88.83333333333333,29.666666666666668 ], [ -88.83333333333333,28.833333333333332 ], [ -91.58333333333333,28.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679dfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calderon, Karynna","contributorId":92739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calderon","given":"Karynna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn V. sdadisman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","email":"sdadisman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":242376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":50816,"text":"ofr0393 - 2003 - Data and methods of a 1999-2000 street sweeping study on an urban freeway in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T18:31:57.530547","indexId":"ofr0393","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-93","title":"Data and methods of a 1999-2000 street sweeping study on an urban freeway in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The Wisconsin Department of Transportation is required to control the quality of runoff from roadways under their control as part of the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System. One way to control roadway runoff is to use street sweeping to remove pollutants before they are entrained in runoff. This may be a good option because land is often unavailable or prohibitively expensive and structural best-management practices can also be expensive. This study collected stormwater runoff samples and dirt samples from the roadway surface from a section of Interstate Highway 894 near Milwaukee, Wisconsin during periods when a street sweeping program was and was not in effect. These data may be useful in evaluating street sweeping as a stormwater best management practice but this study did not perform this evaluation. Data collection methods, concentrations of sediment and other constituents in storm- water runoff, and street dirt masses are presented in this report. Replicate and comparison sample results indicate that when evaluating the effectiveness of best-management practices on highway runoff, suspended sediment results should be used rather than suspended solids, presumably because the particle sizes in highway runoff is large compared to those found in other types of stormwater runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0393","usgsCitation":"Waschbusch, R.J., 2003, Data and methods of a 1999-2000 street sweeping study on an urban freeway in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-93, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0393.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178564,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0093/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":428002,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54749.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":86353,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Milwaukee County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.8949,43.1947],[-87.8937,43.1938],[-87.8906,43.1901],[-87.8869,43.1864],[-87.8852,43.1805],[-87.8834,43.1759],[-87.8816,43.1718],[-87.8823,43.1673],[-87.885,43.1605],[-87.8883,43.1551],[-87.8922,43.1483],[-87.8955,43.1438],[-87.8981,43.1402],[-87.9007,43.1348],[-87.9014,43.1302],[-87.9016,43.1243],[-87.8991,43.1202],[-87.8924,43.1142],[-87.8869,43.1077],[-87.8845,43.1041],[-87.8789,43.1004],[-87.874,43.0953],[-87.8716,43.0898],[-87.8688,43.0752],[-87.8639,43.0724],[-87.8652,43.0684],[-87.878,43.0585],[-87.8876,43.0495],[-87.896,43.0405],[-87.8992,43.0347],[-87.9012,43.0311],[-87.9045,43.0234],[-87.9065,43.0179],[-87.9059,43.0166],[-87.9035,43.0152],[-87.8973,43.0124],[-87.8924,43.0064],[-87.8906,43.0036],[-87.8862,43.0027],[-87.885,43.0017],[-87.8832,42.9963],[-87.866,42.9833],[-87.8598,42.9782],[-87.8537,42.9718],[-87.8513,42.969],[-87.8483,42.9654],[-87.8465,42.9612],[-87.8448,42.9535],[-87.8452,42.9376],[-87.8474,42.9244],[-87.8462,42.9189],[-87.842,42.9134],[-87.8414,42.9116],[-87.8415,42.908],[-87.8472,42.9039],[-87.8492,42.9008],[-87.8506,42.894],[-87.8483,42.8835],[-87.8466,42.8789],[-87.8454,42.8748],[-87.8436,42.8707],[-87.8388,42.8634],[-87.8376,42.8597],[-87.8347,42.8542],[-87.8298,42.8492],[-87.8268,42.8446],[-87.8355,42.8447],[-87.9524,42.8448],[-88.0699,42.8447],[-88.0675,42.9334],[-88.0692,42.9725],[-88.0682,43.0202],[-88.0664,43.1076],[-88.0639,43.194],[-87.9873,43.1945],[-87.9433,43.1949],[-87.8949,43.1947]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Milwaukee\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waschbusch, Robert J. 0000-0002-4069-0267 rjwaschb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-0267","contributorId":3447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waschbusch","given":"Robert","email":"rjwaschb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50824,"text":"ofr03160 - 2003 - Wide-angle seismic recording from the 2002 Georgia Basin Geohazards Initiative, northwestern Washington and British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-03T13:34:15","indexId":"ofr03160","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-160","title":"Wide-angle seismic recording from the 2002 Georgia Basin Geohazards Initiative, northwestern Washington and British Columbia","docAbstract":"This report describes the acquisition and processing of shallow-crustal wide-angle seismicreflection and refraction data obtained during a collaborative study in the Georgia Strait, western Washington and southwestern British Columbia. The study, the 2002 Georgia Strait Geohazards Initiative, was conducted in May 2002 by the Pacific Geoscience Centre, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the University of Victoria. The wide-angle recordings were designed to image shallow crustal faults and Cenozoic sedimentary basins crossing the International Border in southern Georgia basin and to add to existing wide-angle recordings there made during the 1998 SHIPS experiment. We recorded, at wide-angle, 800 km of shallow penetration multichannel seismic-reflection profiles acquired by the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Tully using an air gun with a volume of 1.967 liters (120 cu. in.). Prior to this reflection survey, we deployed 48 Refteks onshore to record the airgun signals at wide offsets. Three components of an oriented, 4.5 Hz seismometer were digitally recorded at all stations. Nearly 160,300 individual air gun shots were recorded along 180 short seismic reflection lines. In this report, we illustrate the wide-angle profiles acquired using the CCGS Tully, describe the land recording of the air gun signals, and summarize the processing of the land recorder data into common-receiver gathers. We also describe the format and content of the archival tapes containing the SEGY-formated, common-receiver gathers for the Reftek data. Data quality is variable but the experiment provided useful data from 42 of the 48 stations deployed. Three-fourths of all stations yielded useful first-arrivals to source-receiver offsets beyond 10 km: the average maximum source-receiver offset for first arrivals was 17 km. Six stations yielded no useful data and useful firstarrivals were limited to offsets less than 10 km at five stations. We separately archived our recordings of 86 local and regional earthquakes ranging in magnitude from 0.2 to 4.3 and 16 teleseisms ranging in magnitude 5.5 to 6.5.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03160","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Pratt, T.L., Spence, G.D., Riedel, M., and Hyndman, R.D., 2003, Wide-angle seismic recording from the 2002 Georgia Basin Geohazards Initiative, northwestern Washington and British Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-160, Report: PDF, 34 p.; Report: TXT, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03160.","productDescription":"Report: PDF, 34 p.; Report: TXT","numberOfPages":"35","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03160.jpg"},{"id":4611,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0160/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285566,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0160/pdf/of03-160.pdf"},{"id":285567,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0160/of03-160.txt"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"British Columbia;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Georgia Basin;Georgia Strait","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.9,48.4 ], [ -123.9,49.5 ], [ -122.3,49.5 ], [ -122.3,48.4 ], [ -123.9,48.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6994c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spence, George D.","contributorId":54066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riedel, Michael","contributorId":7518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hyndman, Roy D.","contributorId":26031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":51464,"text":"ofr0385 - 2003 - Nearshore benthic habitat GIS for the Channel Islands National Sanctuary and southern California State Fisheries Reserves. Volume 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-02T10:53:14","indexId":"ofr0385","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-85","title":"Nearshore benthic habitat GIS for the Channel Islands National Sanctuary and southern California State Fisheries Reserves. Volume 1","docAbstract":"The nearshore benthic habitat of the Santa Barbara coast and Channel Islands supports diverse marine life that is commercially, recreationally, and intrinsically valuable. Some of these resources are known to be endangered including a variety of rockfish and the white abalone. Agencies of the state of California and the United States have been mandated to preserve and enhance these resources. Data from sidescan sonar, bathymetry, video and dive observations, and physical samples are consolidated in a geographic information system (GIS). The GIS provides researchers and policymakers a view of the relationship among data sets to assist scienctific research and to help with economic and social policy-making decisions regarding this protected environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0385","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Nasby, N.M., Reid, J.A., Waltenberger, B., and Lee, K.M., 2003, Nearshore benthic habitat GIS for the Channel Islands National Sanctuary and southern California State Fisheries Reserves. Volume 1 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-85, HTML Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0385.","productDescription":"HTML Report","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4471,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":179033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0385.jpg"},{"id":285278,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0085/intro.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.5,33.0 ], [ -120.5,35.0 ], [ -119.0,35.0 ], [ -119.0,33.0 ], [ -120.5,33.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nasby, Nicole M.","contributorId":10868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nasby","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reid, Jane A. 0000-0003-1771-3894 jareid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1771-3894","contributorId":2826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Jane","email":"jareid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waltenberger, Ben","contributorId":99630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltenberger","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Kristen M.","contributorId":49855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":50577,"text":"ofr02472 - 2003 - Summary of surface-water-quality data collected for the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basins National Water-Quality Assessment Program in the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, water years 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T18:56:58.962912","indexId":"ofr02472","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-472","title":"Summary of surface-water-quality data collected for the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basins National Water-Quality Assessment Program in the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, water years 1999-2001","docAbstract":"Water-quality samples were collected at 10 sites in the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River Basins in water years 1999 – 2001 as part of the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basins (NROK) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Sampling sites were located in varied environments ranging from small streams and rivers in forested, mountainous headwater areas to large rivers draining diverse landscapes. Two sampling sites were located immediately downstream from the large lakes; five sites were located downstream from large-scale historical mining and oreprocessing areas, which are now the two largest “Superfund” (environmental remediation) sites in the Nation. Samples were collected during a wide range of streamflow conditions, more frequently during increasing and high streamflow and less frequently during receding and base-flow conditions. Sample analyses emphasized major ions, nutrients, and selected trace elements.
\nStreamflow during the study ranged from more than 130 percent of the long-term average in 1999 at some sites to 40 percent of the long-term average in 2001. River and stream water in the study area exhibited small values for specific conductance, hardness, alkalinity, and dissolved solids. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in almost all samples were near saturation. Median total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in samples from most sites were smaller than median concentrations reported for many national programs and other NAWQA Program study areas. The only exceptions were two sites downstream from large wastewater-treatment facilities, where median concentrations of total nitrogen exceeded the national median. Maximum concentrations of total phosphorus in samples from six sites exceeded the 0.1 milligram per liter threshold recommended for limiting nuisance aquatic growth. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc were largest in samples from sites downstream from historical mining and ore-processing areas in the upper Clark Fork in Montana and the South Fork Coeur d’Alene River in Idaho. Concentrations of dissolved lead in all 32 samples from the South Fork Coeur d’Alene River exceeded the Idaho chronic criterion for the protection of aquatic life at the median hardness level measured during the study. Concentrations of dissolved zinc in all samples collected at this site exceeded both the chronic and acute criteria at all hardness levels measured.
\nWhen all data from all NROK sites were combined, median concentrations of dissolved arsenic, dissolved and total recoverable copper, total recoverable lead, and total recoverable zinc in the NROK study area appeared to be similar to or slightly smaller than median concentrations at sites in other NAWQA Program study areas in the Western United States affected by historical mining activities. Although the NROK median total recoverable lead concentration was the smallest among the three Western study areas compared, concentrations in several NROK samples were an order of magnitude larger than the maximum concentrations measured in the Upper Colorado River and Great Salt Lake Basins. Dissolved cadmium, dissolved lead, and total recoverable zinc concentrations at NROK sites were more variable than in the other study areas; concentrations ranged over almost three orders of magnitude between minimum and maximum values; the range of dissolved zinc concentrations in the NROK study area exceeded three orders of magnitude.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02472","usgsCitation":"Beckwith, M.A., 2003, Summary of surface-water-quality data collected for the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basins National Water-Quality Assessment Program in the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, water years 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-472, viii, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02472.","productDescription":"viii, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262370,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0472/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407871,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54625.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0472/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.3444,\n 45.4667\n ],\n [\n -112.2,\n 45.4667\n ],\n [\n -112.2,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -118.3444,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -118.3444,\n 45.4667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69893b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beckwith, Michael A.","contributorId":66670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckwith","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51457,"text":"ofr03103 - 2003 - Geologic map and digital database of the Bachelor Mountain 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:04:08.064549","indexId":"ofr03103","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-103","title":"Geologic map and digital database of the Bachelor Mountain 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"Open-File Report 03-102 contains a digital geologic map database of the Bachelor Mountain 7.5’ quadrangle, Riverside County, California that includes:
\nARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute, http://www.esri.com) version 7.2.1 coverages of the various elements of the geologic map.\nA Postscript file to plot the geologic map on a topographic base, and containing a Correlation of Map Units diagram (CMU), a Description of Map Units (DMU), and an index map.\nPortable Document Format (.pdf) files of:
\nThis Readme; includes in Appendix I, data contained in bch_met.txt
\nThe same graphic as plotted in 2 above. Test plots have not produced precise 1:24,000- scale map sheets. Adobe Acrobat page size setting influences map scale.
\nThe Correlation of Map Units and Description of Map Units is in the editorial format of USGS Geologic Investigations Series (I-series) maps but has not been edited to comply with I-map standards. Within the geologic map data package, map units are identified by standard geologic map criteria such as formationname, age, and lithology. Where known, grain size is indicated on the map by a subscripted letter or letters following the unit symbols as follows: lg, large boulders; b, boulder; g, gravel; a, arenaceous; s, silt; c, clay; e.g. Qyfa is a predominantly young alluvial fan deposit that is arenaceous. Multiple letters are used for more specific identification or for mixed units, e.g., Qfysa is a silty sand. In some cases, mixed units are indicated by a compound symbol; e.g., Qyf2sc.
\nEven though this is an Open-File Report and includes the standard USGS Open-File disclaimer, the report closely adheres to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. Descriptions of units can be obtained by viewing or plotting the .pdf file (3b above) or plotting the postscript file (2 above). This Readme file describes the digital data, such as types and general contents of files making up the database, and includes information on how to extract and plot the map and accompanying graphic file. Metadata information can be accessed at http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/open-file/03-102 and is included in Appendix I of this Readme.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Morton, D.M., Kennedy, M.P., Bovard, K.R., and Burns, D., 2003, Geologic map and digital database of the Bachelor Mountain 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-103, 1 Plate: 36.00 x 50.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03103.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.00 x 50.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03103.gif"},{"id":110403,"rank":10,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0103/pdf/README.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54570"},{"id":4465,"rank":9,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":398345,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54570.htm"},{"id":285279,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0103/README.txt"},{"id":285282,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0103/pdf/bch_map.pdf","text":"Plate 1"},{"id":285280,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0103/bch_met.txt"},{"id":285281,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0103/bch.tar.gz"},{"id":285283,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0103/bch_map.ps.gz"},{"id":285284,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0103/symbols.tar.gz"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Bachelor Mountain quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.125,33.5 ], [ -117.125,33.625 ], [ -117.0,33.625 ], [ -117.0,33.5 ], [ -117.125,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":243638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Michael P.","contributorId":63469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bovard, Kelly R.","contributorId":49009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovard","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Diane","contributorId":16093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Diane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":51494,"text":"ofr0335 - 2003 - Geology of Badlands National Park: A preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:01:42.968816","indexId":"ofr0335","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-35","title":"Geology of Badlands National Park: A preliminary report","docAbstract":"Badlands National Park is host to perhaps the most scenic geology and landscape features in the Western Interior region of the United States. Ongoing erosion that forms the \"badlands\" exposes ancient sedimentary strata of Late Cretaceous through Oligocene age. Quaternary erosional and depositional processes are responsible for most of the modern landscape features in the park and surrounding region. This report provides a basic overview of the park geology The discussions presented within include both well-established concepts and theories and new, preliminary data and interpretations. Much emphasis is placed on presenting information about the oldest and least studied rocks in the park (particularly the Late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary deposits that underlie the White River beds throughout the park region). Rock formations and selected fossils they contain are described. Faults, folds, unconformities, and other geologic structures in the North Unit of the park are illustrated, including features associated with the Sage Creek anticline and fault system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0335","usgsCitation":"Stoffer, P.W., 2003, Geology of Badlands National Park: A preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-35, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0335.","productDescription":"63 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0335.jpg"},{"id":285266,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0035/pdf/of03-35.pdf"},{"id":4493,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Badlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.446416,43.476231 ], [ -102.446416,43.577976 ], [ -102.276745,43.577976 ], [ -102.276745,43.476231 ], [ -102.446416,43.476231 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoffer, Philip W.","contributorId":32559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffer","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51462,"text":"ofr0390 - 2003 - Databases and simplified geology for mineralized areas, claims, mines and prospects in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:23","indexId":"ofr0390","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-90","title":"Databases and simplified geology for mineralized areas, claims, mines and prospects in Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0390","usgsCitation":"Wilson, A.B., 2003, Databases and simplified geology for mineralized areas, claims, mines and prospects in Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-90, Three parts: Part A. Data files and formats, Part B. Figures and maps, 8 figs., Part C. Metadata (12 p.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0390.","productDescription":"Three parts: Part A. Data files and formats, Part B. Figures and maps, 8 figs., Part C. Metadata (12 p.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4470,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50509,"text":"ofr02318 - 2003 - Archive of datasonics SIS-1000 chirp subbottom data collected during USGS cruise K-1-95-PS Puget Sound, State of Washington, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:04:16","indexId":"ofr02318","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-318","title":"Archive of datasonics SIS-1000 chirp subbottom data collected during USGS cruise K-1-95-PS Puget Sound, State of Washington, 1995","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02318","usgsCitation":"Lyon, C.J., ten Brink, U., Danforth, W., and Kayen, R., 2003, Archive of datasonics SIS-1000 chirp subbottom data collected during USGS cruise K-1-95-PS Puget Sound, State of Washington, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-318, 2 DVD-ROMs : col. ill., col. maps ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02318.","productDescription":"2 DVD-ROMs : col. ill., col. maps ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679c29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyon, Christopher J.","contributorId":20811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, William","contributorId":49026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kayen, Robert","contributorId":12030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}