This fact sheet provides a 10-year overview of the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units program. It highlights long term accomplishments for the program's mission of applied research, graduate education and technical assistance to the partners.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253010","usgsCitation":"Irwin, E.R., McConnell, T.M., Dennerline, D.C., Pope, K.L., and Mawdsley, J.R., 2025, U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units program (ver. 1.1, March 2026): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3010, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253010.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-175698","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":483067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3010/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":483068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3010/fs20253010.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":483232,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253010/full"},{"id":483233,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3010/fs20253010.XML"},{"id":483234,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3010/images/"},{"id":501395,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3010/versionHist.txt","size":"818 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0: March 2025; Version 1.1: March 2026","contact":"Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 303
Reston, VA 20192
Satellite-derived maps of vegetation cover provide detailed information about vegetation spatiotemporal patterns and are increasingly used to better understand and manage rangelands. Despite their utility, questions remain regarding the regional and site level accuracy for these maps, especially compared to field-collected data. We conducted an accuracy assessment of the Rangeland Analysis Platform (RAP), using over 17,000 field plots sampled through nationwide rangeland vegetation monitoring programs in the continental U.S. We observed higher overall nationwide map error compared to previous validations of RAP, and absolute error (Mean Absolute Error [MAE] and Root Mean Square Error [RMSE]) was highest for perennial herbaceous and bare ground and lowest for trees (MAE range = 2.98 –10.22 %). There were also differences in map agreement with field data across ecoregions. Generally, map agreement was highest in the Great Basin and lowest in the Great Plains and Desert Southwest. Additionally, we assessed the suitability of using RAP in riparian and wetland areas, which are absent in the current version’s training. Errors for bare ground in riparian areas were lower than errors of upland accuracy assessments (upland MAE = 10.22 %, riparian MAE = 7.22 %), but for all other functional groups, riparian error was higher (ΔMAE range: 0.21 – 20.49 %). We examine how our results could inform regional applications of fractional cover data while considering error and uncertainty and identify areas for potential model improvement. Our findings inform the use of RAP regionally and provide a technique for evaluating other vegetation mapping products for use in rangeland management.
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E.","contributorId":195931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":928329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70264826,"text":"70264826 - 2025 - Distribution and disturbances of ditches across salt marshes of the Northeast U.S. with implications for management and restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-26T15:51:07.67541","indexId":"70264826","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-07T08:42:17","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and disturbances of ditches across salt marshes of the Northeast U.S. with implications for management and restoration","docAbstract":"Effective management of valuable coastal systems, such as salt marshes requires an understanding of the complex stressors influencing their continued threat of drowning. However, efforts to determine the effects of one potential stressor, ditches, have produced diverging results complicating management efforts. Ditches (linear trenches dug to drain salt marshes for agriculture and mosquito control) alter salt marsh hydrology, but their effects on widescale marsh function and degradation are poorly understood. We created a dataset of visible ditches and summarized ditch densities (length of ditches over area) for salt marshes of the Northeast U.S. to evaluate ditching against vulnerability metrics, including elevation and the unvegetated to vegetated marsh ratio (UVVR). We identified a scale dependency in which the larger/coarser the spatial scale of analysis, the greater the fraction of ditched salt marshes. Scale dependence explains discrepancies between previously determined ditch indices. In terms of effects on marsh vulnerability, relative elevation was not influenced by visible ditch presence. Ditch densities affected UVVR, exhibiting a multiple threshold behavior. When present at low densities, ditches have little effect on ponding; yet as ditch densities increase, UVVR (i.e., ponding) increases. The relationship between ditching and UVVR reverses at the highest ditch densities, with ponding substantially decreasing. The multiple threshold vulnerability response of Northeast salt marshes to the hydrologic influences imposed by ditching suggests restoration strategies should consider the degree of ditching rather than simply ditching presence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124444","usgsCitation":"Peck, E., Walker, J., Ackerman, K., Carr, J., Correll, M.D., Defne, Z., Deegan, L.A., Eaton, M.J., Ganju, N., Hartley, M., Johnson, C., Mercer, J.J., Ruskin, K., Woodruff, J.D., and Yellen, B., 2025, Distribution and disturbances of ditches across salt marshes of the Northeast U.S. with implications for management and restoration: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 376, 124444, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124444.","productDescription":"124444, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-170787","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124444","text":"Publisher Index 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\"}}]}","volume":"376","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, Erin K. 0000-0002-2021-6584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2021-6584","contributorId":336706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peck","given":"Erin K.","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Julie E. 0000-0002-8344-0452","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8344-0452","contributorId":336707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Julie E.","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Kate 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Woods Hole, MA 02543.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eaton, Mitchell J. 0000-0001-7324-6333","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-6333","contributorId":213526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Mitchell","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":202878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hartley, Mitch","contributorId":272059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartley","given":"Mitch","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Johnson, Catherine","contributorId":306165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Catherine","affiliations":[{"id":66380,"text":"National Park Service, University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mercer, Jason J","contributorId":219802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mercer","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":34987,"text":"University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ruskin, Katharine J.","contributorId":352685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruskin","given":"Katharine J.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Woodruff, Jonathan D.","contributorId":192777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":932002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Yellen, Brian","contributorId":198491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yellen","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33278,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70263876,"text":"70263876 - 2025 - Population vulnerability of residents, employees, and cruise-ship passengers to tsunami hazards of islands in complex seismic regions: A case study of the U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-30T15:22:09.702835","indexId":"70263876","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-07T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2036,"text":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population vulnerability of residents, employees, and cruise-ship passengers to tsunami hazards of islands in complex seismic regions: A case study of the U.S. Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"Reducing the potential for loss of life from tsunamis is challenging on islands located in complex seismic regions given the multiple sources that surround islands, differences among islands in the amount of time needed to evacuate before wave arrival, and the high number of residents, employees, and tourists in tsunami-hazard zones. We examine variations in population vulnerability in island communities to multiple tsunami threats and use the United States territory of the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), including St. Thomas Island, St. John Island, and St. Croix Island, as our case study. We estimate the tsunami-hazard exposure of residents, employees, and cruise-ship passengers on vessels docking at USVI maritime facilities, as well as model pedestrian travel times out of inundation zones for 13 credible tsunami scenarios. Results indicate that the threat to life safety in USVI posed by tsunamis is not equal among the three islands, both in terms of the magnitude of people in hazard zones and the amount of time available to evacuate for the various scenarios. The number of employees and cruise-ship passengers in tsunami-hazard zones is orders of magnitude higher than the number of residents, suggesting that risk assessments that only account for residents are under-estimating threats to life safety from tsunamis. Finally, reducing departure delays has a greater impact than increasing pedestrian travel speeds on reducing the number of people that may have insufficient time to evacuate hazard zones before wave arrival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105289","usgsCitation":"Wood, N.J., Peters, J., and Moore, C., 2025, Population vulnerability of residents, employees, and cruise-ship passengers to tsunami hazards of islands in complex seismic regions: A case study of the U.S. Virgin Islands: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, v. 119, 105289, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105289.","productDescription":"105289, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172610","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487887,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105289","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -65.10271729681736,\n 18.453483664421626\n ],\n [\n -65.10271729681736,\n 18.217661626050017\n ],\n [\n -64.66350061715465,\n 18.217661626050017\n ],\n [\n -64.66350061715465,\n 18.453483664421626\n ],\n [\n -65.10271729681736,\n 18.453483664421626\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, Jeff 0000-0003-4312-0590 jpeters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-0590","contributorId":4711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Jeff","email":"jpeters@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Christopher","contributorId":202056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":33877,"text":"CNTS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70271427,"text":"70271427 - 2025 - UAV-derived models of vegetation characteristics do not transfer to extreme drought and wet conditions across a northern Arizona landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T13:19:09.227483","indexId":"70271427","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-07T07:46:19","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"UAV-derived models of vegetation characteristics do not transfer to extreme drought and wet conditions across a northern Arizona landscape","docAbstract":"Context
Shifts in precipitation regimes due to climate change are significantly impacting dryland ecosystems, including vegetation composition and structure. Unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used to monitor vegetation, but whether models built to predict changes in these characteristics are robust under extreme precipitation regimes is unclear.
Objectives
We aimed to predict key vegetation characteristics under three precipitation regimes (ambient, drought, and water addition) and assess model performance across these moisture conditions. We also evaluated how models built under ambient conditions predicted vegetation characteristics under extreme precipitation regimes.
Methods
UAV surveys were conducted at five sites subject to long-term precipitation manipulation along an elevation gradient in northern Arizona, United States (U.S.). Twenty-one vegetation indices and point cloud data from the UAV imagery were used to develop models to predict vegetation structure and composition characteristics. Model performance and transferability were assessed via error and directional bias within each treatment (i.e., in situ) and from ambient to precipitation treatments (i.e., model transfer).
Results
UAV-based models accurately measured vegetation characteristics across all regimes, but maximum height showed significantly higher error under drought conditions. Models developed under ambient precipitation and applied to extreme precipitation treatments exhibited significant differences in the error and directional bias, indicating they may not be suitable under climate change.
Conclusions
UAV-based models are effective for monitoring vegetation characteristics but may lose accuracy under extreme precipitation regimes expected under climate change. This study emphasizes the need to improve model transferability and suggests refining landscape monitoring approaches to consider extreme changes in precipitation and associated vegetation responses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10980-025-02064-6","usgsCitation":"Blackburn, R.C., Allington, G.R., Motzer, N., Munson, S.M., and Huang, Q., 2025, UAV-derived models of vegetation characteristics do not transfer to extreme drought and wet conditions across a northern Arizona landscape: Landscape Ecology, v. 40, 59, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-025-02064-6.","productDescription":"59, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-171149","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496414,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-025-02064-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":495407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"northern Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.00885151827934,\n 35.49924603762916\n ],\n [\n -112.00885151827934,\n 34.90066874429827\n ],\n [\n -111.00177522680366,\n 34.90066874429827\n ],\n [\n -111.00177522680366,\n 35.49924603762916\n ],\n [\n -112.00885151827934,\n 35.49924603762916\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackburn, Ryan C. 0000-0002-2952-0865","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2952-0865","contributorId":361388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blackburn","given":"Ryan","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":86267,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allington, Ginger R. H. 0000-0003-0446-0576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-0576","contributorId":213452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allington","given":"Ginger","email":"","middleInitial":"R. H.","affiliations":[{"id":34680,"text":"George Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Motzer, Nicole","contributorId":361389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Motzer","given":"Nicole","affiliations":[{"id":86268,"text":"Office of Research Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":220026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huang, Qiongyu","contributorId":298920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Qiongyu","affiliations":[{"id":37784,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70264080,"text":"tm11E1 - 2025 - Lunar grid systems, coordinate systems, and map projections for the Artemis missions and lunar surface navigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T14:34:26.559588","indexId":"tm11E1","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-06T14:33:35","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"11-E1","displayTitle":"Lunar Grid Systems, Coordinate Systems, and Map Projections for the Artemis Missions and Lunar Surface Navigation","title":"Lunar grid systems, coordinate systems, and map projections for the Artemis missions and lunar surface navigation","docAbstract":"This document contains design specifications of a navigational standard for the Moon, including a Lunar Transverse Mercator system, a Lunar Polar Stereographic system, a Lunar Grid Reference System, and a unique coordinate structure, Artemis Condensed Coordinates, for Artemis mission navigation and lunar surface science.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Artemis campaign seeks to place humans on the Moon for the first time since the Apollo missions. Early Artemis missions are heavily focused on the lunar south pole, which promises to return valuable data on the Moon’s geologic record, amongst other mission objectives. Coordinate systems in use today for the lunar south pole provides crew members on the surface neither an efficient nor intuitive means to communicate their position and orientation. A novel grid coordinate system, the Lunar Grid Reference System, is proposed to address these concerns for use in real-time extravehicular activity operations on the lunar surface.
The many stakeholders involved in the Artemis missions will need a common system to communicate position and orientation while astronauts are operating on the lunar surface. To that end, Artemis crew members will need that system to be efficient and intuitive to promote efficient extravehicular activity timelines and reduce confusion. In the context of this document, these characteristics are addressed on the design of lunar coordinate systems:
Technological systems are currently being investigated to supplement the crew members’ ability to locate and orient themselves and other assets on the lunar surface; however, it is unlikely that those systems will be fully operational for the first few landed missions. Even with future positional aids, crew members will still need an efficient and intuitive means to communicate position and orientation. In addition, if technological systems fail, the crews will require land navigation skills and have maps available, thus providing further motivation for a crew-centric coordinate system.
The contents of this U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) document detail a comprehensive framework for standardizing lunar crewed surface navigation within NASA and outlines the protocols, methods, and designs necessary for achieving consistency and interoperability across relevant space mission teams and lunar surface navigators. Key components of this document include designs of map projections, projected coordinate reference systems (Lunar Transverse Mercator and Lunar Polar Stereographic systems), and a grid system (Lunar Grid Reference System and Artemis Condensed Coordinates) for the Moon.
The work proposed in this document seeks to accomplish something similar to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) document SIG 0012 (NGA, 2014a), but for using grid systems for the Moon. This report incorporates initial feedback and input from NASA’s Artemis Geospatial Data Team, NASA’s Flight Operations Directorate, National Geodetic Survey, USGS Astrogeology Science Center, and NGA and is intended to serve as a resource for all involved with the Artemis missions, as well as for engineers designing and operating lunar infrastructure.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11E1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and with support from the National Geodetic Survey","usgsCitation":"McClernan, M.T., Dennis, M.L., Theriot, I.H., Hare, T.M., Archinal, B.A., Ostrach, L.R., Hunter, M.A., Miller, M.J., Beyer, R.A., Annex, A.M., and Lawrence, S.J., 2025, Lunar grid systems, coordinate systems, and map projections for the Artemis missions and lunar surface navigation: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11, chap. E1, 308 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11E1.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 308 p.; Software Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-164069","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/e1/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":482940,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11/e1/tm11E1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM11E1 PDF"},{"id":482941,"rank":3,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/search/map//lunar-map-projections-and-grid-reference-system-for-artemis-astronaut-surface-navigation","text":"Software Release","description":"McClernan, M.T., Dennis, M.L., Theriot, I.H., Hare, T.M., Archinal, B.A., Ostrach, L.R., Hunter, M.A., Miller, M.J., Beyer, R.A., Annex, A.M., and Lawrence, S.J., 2024, Lunar map projections and grid reference system for Artemis astronaut surface navigation: U.S. Geological Survey, Astropedia Lunar and Planetary Cartographic Catalog, https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/search/map//lunar-map-projections-and-grid-reference-system-for-artemis-astronaut-surface-navigation.","linkHelpText":"— Lunar map projections and grid reference system for Artemis astronaut surface navigation"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","contact":"Astrogeology Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Dr.
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Reports of declining insect populations have received widespread media attention, but evidence for declines has been variable across regions and taxonomic groups. Edwards et al. examined trends in the most surveyed taxon: butterflies (see the Perspective by Inouye). Combining data from 35 citizen science programs across the continental US, the authors found declines in overall butterfly abundance over the past 20 years across almost all major regions. Two-thirds of studied species showed declines of more than 10%. Many insects have the potential for rapid population growth and recovery, but habitat restoration, species-specific interventions, and reducing pesticide use are all likely needed to curb population declines.
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complementary or contradictory?","docAbstract":"Beta diversity quantifies the similarity of ecological assemblages. Its increase, known as biotic homogenisation, can be a consequence of biological invasions. However, species occurrence (presence/absence) and abundance-based analyses can produce contradictory assessments of the magnitude and direction of changes in beta diversity. Previous work indicates these contradictions should be less frequent in nature than in theory, but a growing number of empirical studies report discrepancies between occurrence- and abundance-based approaches. Understanding if these discrepancies represent a few isolated cases or are systematic across a diversity of ecosystems would allow us to better understand the general patterns, mechanisms and impacts of biotic homogenisation.
United States.
1963–2020.
Vascular plants.
We used a dataset of more than 70,000 vegetation survey plots to assess differences in biotic homogenisation with and without invasion using both occurrence- and abundance-based metrics of beta diversity. We estimated taxonomic biotic homogenisation by comparing beta diversity of invaded and uninvaded plots with both classes of metrics and investigated the characteristics of the non-native species pool that influenced the likelihood that these metrics disagree.
In 78% of plot comparisons, occurrence- and abundance-based calculations agreed in direction, and the two metrics were generally well correlated. Our empirical results are consistent with previous theory. Discrepancies between the metrics were more likely when the same non-native species was at high cover at both plots compared for beta diversity, and when these plots were spatially distant.
In about 20% of cases, our calculations revealed differences in direction (homogenisation vs. differentiation) when comparing occurrence- and abundance-based metrics, indicating that the metrics are not interchangeable, especially when distances between plots are high and invader diversity is low. When data permit, combining the two approaches can offer insights into the role of invasions and extirpations in driving biotic homogenisation/differentiation.
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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 303
Reston, VA 20192
Although sculpin can play important ecological roles, serving as abundant key meso-predators in freshwater aquatic systems, much remains to be learned about their development and ecology. Depth discrete light traps effectively captured larval sculpin from Lookout Point Reservoir in the Willamette Basin, Oregon, USA. We confirm that these larvae were Prickly Sculpin (Cottus asper) based on morphology and genetics. We also document larval size and development and examine monthly vertical distributions and sympatric invertebrate taxa. We captured 1,048 pelagic larval Prickly Sculpin from 4.21 to 42.0 mm total length. Sampling occurred in traps set up to 20 m above the substrate, with Prickly Sculpin captured at all sampled depths. Captures shifted toward deeper reservoir habitats corresponding to increases in average body sizes as the season progressed from early spring to fall. We found most larval Prickly Sculpin at locations within the main reservoir body, several kilometers downstream of riverine areas. In addition to trap location, the abundance of larval Prickly Sculpin per trap was strongly associated with aquatic mites (absent from Prickly Sculpin stomachs). These findings suggest potentially shared ecological drivers of the observed distributions of larval Prickly Sculpin and mites. Collectively, we demonstrate that light trapping can be a useful method for collecting pelagic juvenile sculpins from reservoirs, in this case Prickly Sculpin, with the potential to improve our understanding of distribution, life-history patterns, and ecology throughout their range.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/i2024026","usgsCitation":"Murphy, C.A., Cortes, A., Pollock, A.M., Gerth, W.J., Arismendi, I., and Konstantinidis, P., 2025, First documentation of pelagic larvae of Prickly Sculpin Cottus asper in Willamette Basin reservoirs using a novel light trapping method: Ichthyology & Herpetology, v. 113, no. 1, p. 84-93, https://doi.org/10.1643/i2024026.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"93","ipdsId":"IP-156602","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1643/i2024026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":493719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Lookout Point Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.75350388053226,\n 43.92971440229769\n ],\n [\n -122.7415087716965,\n 43.887190288238855\n ],\n [\n -122.66395899829298,\n 43.84427016341337\n ],\n [\n -122.6002175478517,\n 43.81357922808185\n ],\n [\n -122.58780400498678,\n 43.817505597070806\n ],\n [\n -122.63299488013577,\n 43.866597918811124\n ],\n [\n -122.75350388053226,\n 43.92971440229769\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Christina Amy 0000-0002-3467-6610","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-6610","contributorId":335232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"Amy","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cortes, Alvaro","contributorId":359217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cortes","given":"Alvaro","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, Amanda M.M.","contributorId":359218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Amanda","middleInitial":"M.M.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerth, William J.","contributorId":359219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerth","given":"William","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arismendi, Ivan","contributorId":359221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arismendi","given":"Ivan","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Konstantinidis, Peter","contributorId":359224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Konstantinidis","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70264110,"text":"70264110 - 2025 - Letter to Editor regarding “Potential impact of the 2023 Lahaina wildfire on the marine environment: Modeling the transport of ash-laden benzo[a]pyrene and pentachlorophenol” by Downs et al. (2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176346","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T14:06:47.659517","indexId":"70264110","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-05T10:05:06","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Letter to Editor regarding “Potential impact of the 2023 Lahaina wildfire on the marine environment: Modeling the transport of ash-laden benzo[a]pyrene and pentachlorophenol” by Downs et al. (2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176346","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178965","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C.D., Takesue, R.K., and Hendrix, A., 2025, Letter to Editor regarding “Potential impact of the 2023 Lahaina wildfire on the marine environment: Modeling the transport of ash-laden benzo[a]pyrene and pentachlorophenol” by Downs et al. (2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176346: Science of the Total Environment, v. 970, 178965, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178965.","productDescription":"178965, 3 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172655","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"970","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":213610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takesue, Renee K. 0000-0003-1205-0825 rtakesue@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0825","contributorId":2159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takesue","given":"Renee","email":"rtakesue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hendrix, Alicia 0000-0003-3897-1788","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3897-1788","contributorId":351988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrix","given":"Alicia","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70265643,"text":"70265643 - 2025 - A wetland for all seasons? Evaluating congruence in avian species richness and habitat associations within restored wetlands across the annual cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-14T15:10:54.100596","indexId":"70265643","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-05T10:04:28","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A wetland for all seasons? Evaluating congruence in avian species richness and habitat associations within restored wetlands across the annual cycle","docAbstract":"Wetland restoration on agricultural land to enhance wildlife habitat through the Wetland Reserve Easement (WRE) program has substantially increased wetland area within the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV). Studies assessing avian response to wetland restoration often focus on specific communities during one season such as passerines in spring or waterfowl during winter. However, there is limited information on the extent to which restored wetlands provide habitat for distinct avian communities across the annual cycle. Our objectives were to quantify the extent to which avian species richness within a wetland was congruent across seasons and evaluate site covariates associated with avian use of WREs in the LMAV across multiple seasons. We calculated avian species richness in autumn, winter, and spring at 34 WREs across the LMAV in Kentucky and Tennessee during 2019–2021. We surveyed vegetation communities to evaluate site covariates that explained variation in avian species richness across sites. Avian species richness within a site was positively correlated between autumn and spring, but neither season was correlated with winter. No single covariate explained variation in avian richness across seasons but tree diameter was positively associated with avian species richness in both winter and spring. The presence of four distinct vegetation types (remnant forest, planted forest, natural regeneration forest, and herbaceous wetlands) was positively associated with avian species richness in winter. Our results indicate avian community response to site conditions varies across seasons and can inform future wetland restoration planning in the LMAV to provide habitat across the annual cycle.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-024-01869-6","usgsCitation":"Podoliak, J., Webb, E.B., and Hicks, D., 2025, A wetland for all seasons? Evaluating congruence in avian species richness and habitat associations within restored wetlands across the annual cycle: Wetlands, v. 45, 30, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-024-01869-6.","productDescription":"30, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-160805","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":484499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.05271014995013,\n 37.56907601957383\n ],\n [\n -89.2461638442621,\n 36.99968696406451\n ],\n [\n -90.0220790993392,\n 35.062924163396815\n ],\n [\n -88.22347509705149,\n 35.10804479542381\n ],\n [\n -88.05271014995013,\n 37.56907601957383\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Podoliak, J.","contributorId":353208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Podoliak","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":933162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":933163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hicks, D.","contributorId":353211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hicks","given":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":933164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70264164,"text":"70264164 - 2025 - Measuring polar bear health using allostatic load","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T15:33:46.235667","indexId":"70264164","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-05T09:30:57","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3919,"text":"Conservation Physiology","onlineIssn":"2051-1434","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring polar bear health using allostatic load","docAbstract":"The southern Beaufort Sea polar bear sub-population (Ursus maritimus) has been adversely affected by climate change and loss of sea ice habitat. Even though the sub-population is likely decreasing, it remains difficult to link individual polar bear health and physiological change to sub-population effects. We developed an index of allostatic load, which represents potential physiological dysregulation. The allostatic load index included blood- and hair-based analytes measured in physically captured southern Beaufort bears in spring. We examined allostatic load in relation to bear body condition, age, terrestrial habitat use and, over time, for bear demographic groups. Overall, allostatic load had no relationship with body condition. However, allostatic load was higher in adult females without cubs that used terrestrial habitats the prior year, indicating potential physiological dysregulation with land use. Allostatic load declined with age in adult females without cubs. Sub-adult males demonstrated decreased allostatic load over time. Our study is one of the first attempts to develop a health scoring system for free-ranging polar bears, and our findings highlight the complexity of using allostatic load as an index of health in a wild species. Establishing links between individual bear health and population dynamics is important for advancing conservation efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coaf013","usgsCitation":"Teman, S., Atwood, T.C., Converse, S.J., Fry, T., and Laidre, K.L., 2025, Measuring polar bear health using allostatic load: Conservation Physiology, v. 13, no. 1, coaf013, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coaf013.","productDescription":"coaf013, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-170326","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coaf013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":483055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.59695705634383,\n 74.06388252003191\n ],\n [\n -156.59695705634383,\n 69.28231129261928\n ],\n [\n -140.99324520225554,\n 69.28231129261928\n ],\n [\n -140.99324520225554,\n 74.06388252003191\n ],\n [\n -156.59695705634383,\n 74.06388252003191\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teman, Sarah J.","contributorId":352066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teman","given":"Sarah","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fry, Tricia","contributorId":222310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fry","given":"Tricia","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laidre, Kristin L.","contributorId":191798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laidre","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":929980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70266324,"text":"70266324 - 2025 - Why the whole is greater than the sum of its parts: A case for population-level management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-05T14:27:38.788081","indexId":"70266324","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-05T09:26:18","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"title":"Why the whole is greater than the sum of its parts: A case for population-level management","docAbstract":"Catch-and-release regulations in recreational fisheries have been implemented for decades with the intention of allowing fishing while reducing fishing mortality. In addition, voluntary catch-and-release behaviors are increasingly common. Social and scientific interest in fish handling practices in catch-and-release fisheries as they relate to stress, reflex impairment, reproductive success, and mortality has been expanding. The scientific literature is now replete with studies that examine these issues, and they have become a fixture in the public discourse on angling. Scientists and anglers are making fishing regulation proposals and suggestions for fish-handling practices. The proximal intent of these recommendations is to reduce excessive stress or mortality on a per capita basis with a belief that the reduction ultimately has a positive effect on the population. Whether the proximal intent achieves population goals depends on several factors, including effort, population dynamic rates, and stock-recruitment dynamics. This perspective reviews the state of the science relative to a hierarchical framework of fishery population dynamics, with a call for fishery scientists to consider their scope of inference and assumptions relative to conservation and population management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/fshmag/vuae022","usgsCitation":"Corsi, M., Quist, M.C., Kozfkay, J., Roth, C., and Schill, D., 2025, Why the whole is greater than the sum of its parts: A case for population-level management, v. 50, no. 4, p. 164-171, https://doi.org/10.1093/fshmag/vuae022.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"171","ipdsId":"IP-166547","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fshmag/vuae022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":485374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, Matthew P.","contributorId":171811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corsi","given":"Matthew P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":935606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":207142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":935607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kozfkay, Joseph","contributorId":275014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kozfkay","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roth, Curtis J.","contributorId":274497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roth","given":"Curtis J.","affiliations":[{"id":56023,"text":"idfg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schill, Daniel J.","contributorId":288577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schill","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[{"id":61802,"text":"Fisheries Management Solutions","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70264020,"text":"sir20235064E - 2025 - Peak streamflow trends in Minnesota and their relation to changes in climate, water years 1921–2020","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70264020,"text":"sir20235064E - 2025 - Peak streamflow trends in Minnesota and their relation to changes in climate, water years 1921–2020","indexId":"sir20235064E","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Peak Streamflow Trends in Minnesota and Their Relation to Changes in Climate, Water Years 1921–2020","title":"Peak streamflow trends in Minnesota and their relation to changes in climate, water years 1921–2020"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70251152,"text":"sir20235064 - 2024 - Peak streamflow trends and their relation to changes in climate in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin","indexId":"sir20235064","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Peak streamflow trends and their relation to changes in climate in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70251152,"text":"sir20235064 - 2024 - Peak streamflow trends and their relation to changes in climate in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin","indexId":"sir20235064","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Peak streamflow trends and their relation to changes in climate in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T18:36:06.830058","indexId":"sir20235064E","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-04T14:51:20","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5064","chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Peak Streamflow Trends in Minnesota and Their Relation to Changes in Climate, Water Years 1921–2020","title":"Peak streamflow trends in Minnesota and their relation to changes in climate, water years 1921–2020","docAbstract":"This report chapter summarizes the effect of hydroclimatic variability of annual peak streamflow in Minnesota and is part of a larger U.S. Geological Survey multistate study to assess potential nonstationarity in annual peak streamflows across the Midwest. Spatial and temporal patterns were examined for nonstationarity in annual peak streamflow, daily mean streamflow, and modeled climatic data in four analysis periods: (1) a 100-year period, 1921–2020; (2) a 75-year period, 1946–2020; (3) a 50-year period, 1971–2020; and (4) a 30-year period, 1991–2020. Upward trends in annual peak streamflow were detected in northwest to southeast and north to south directions. Downward trends in annual peak streamflow were detected in northeastern and southeastern areas. Trends in peak-flow timing indicated that peak streamflows are being detected later in the water year (the period from October 1 to September 30 designated by the year in which it ends) mainly in the southern areas and earlier in the water year mainly in the northern areas.
Changes in climate data point to wetter conditions in southern areas and drier conditions in northern areas. Annual precipitation was determined to be increasing in a northwest to southeast direction and in the east. In contrast, some areas in the north and northwest indicated decreasing annual precipitation. Annual snowfall was determined to be decreasing except in the extreme northeast, where annual snowfall was determined to be increasing. Decreases in annual potential evapotranspiration were detected in the south, and increases were detected in the north. Annual soil moisture increased in southern areas and decreased in northern and eastern areas. The potential spatial and temporal nonstationarity violations detected in the four analysis periods have important implications for flood-frequency analysis and point to the need for guidance on how to incorporate nonstationarities into future flood-frequency analysis in Minnesota.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
821 East Interstate Avenue, Bismarck, ND 58503
1608 Mountain View Road, Rapid City, SD 57702
Standardized guidelines for completing flood-flow frequency analyses are presented in a U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods report known as Bulletin 17C, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4B5. In recent decades (since about 2000), a better understanding of long-term climatic persistence (periods of clustered floods or droughts, or wet or dry periods) and concerns about potential climate change and land-use change have caused a reexamination of the stationarity assumptions underlying methods in Bulletin 17C. Bulletin 17C does not offer guidance on incorporating nonstationarities and further identifies a need for flood-frequency studies that incorporate changing climate or basin characteristics. As part of that reexamination, a study of annual peak streamflow (peak flow) has begun in the Midwest. This chapter of the study summarizes how hydroclimatic variability affects peak flows in North Dakota.
In this analysis of peak flow, daily streamflow, and climate metrics, four periods were selected: (1) a 100-year period, 1921–2020; (2) a 75-year period, 1946–2020; (3) a 50-year period, 1971–2020; and (4) a 30-year period, 1991–2020. Output from a monthly water-balance model was used for the climate data. Statistical analysis of peak flow consisted of evaluations of autocorrelation, trends, and change points and was augmented with analyses of seasonality and daily streamflow. The long-term pattern of decreasing peak flow in the west and increasing peak flow in the east is a pattern of opposing signals on either side of the 100th meridian. Analyses indicate that a key factor in changing hydroclimatology is the increase in fall precipitation. The trends in soil moisture closely match the trends in annual precipitation. Nonstationary flood-frequency analysis necessitates detailed exploratory data analysis and additional data and information about climate, land use, and other factors. This study provides extensive exploratory analysis for peak flow, daily streamflow, and climate data for North Dakota, setting the stage for informed nonstationary flood-frequency analysis.
Director, Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
821 East Interstate Avenue, Bismarck, ND 58503
1608 Mountain View Road, Rapid City, SD 57702
Groundwater delivery of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to stream banks and riparian areas, before mixing with surface waters, has not been well quantified. We measured preferential groundwater delivery of GHGs to stream banks within three stream reaches, and found that stream banks with discharging groundwater emitted more CO2 and were sources of N2O compared to stream banks without actively discharging groundwater, which emitted less CO2 and were N2O sinks. At one of our stream reaches, groundwater CO2 and N2O concentrations were 1.4–19.2 and 1.1–40.6 times higher than those in surface water, respectively, and groundwater delivery rates of CO2 and N2O were 1.5 and 1.6 times higher than surface water emissions per unit area. On average, 21% (range 0%–100%) of CO2 and N2O were emitted at the stream bank before mixing with surface waters. Preferential groundwater GHG emissions may contribute substantially to stream corridor emissions and may be underestimated when using a channel-centric approach to estimate riverine GHG budgets.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2024JG008395","usgsCitation":"Bisson, A., Liu, F., Moore, E.M., Briggs, M., and Helton, A.M., 2025, Preferential groundwater discharges along stream corridors are disregarded sources of greenhouse gases: JGR Biogeosciences, v. 130, no. 3, e2024JG008395, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JG008395.","productDescription":"e2024JG008395, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-163066","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496384,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jg008395","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":483477,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bisson, A.M.","contributorId":348580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bisson","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, F.","contributorId":289348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":36710,"text":"University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Eric M. 0000-0002-2479-2677","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-2677","contributorId":332922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":79689,"text":"University of Connecticut, Department Natural Resources and the Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":222759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helton, A. M.","contributorId":93289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":931015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70264587,"text":"70264587 - 2025 - Overview of North American isolates of chronic wasting disease used for strain research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-17T14:34:47.445679","indexId":"70264587","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-04T09:32:06","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9113,"text":"Pathogens","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview of North American isolates of chronic wasting disease used for strain research","docAbstract":"Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a prion disease that affects Cervidae species, and is the only known prion disease transmitted among wildlife species. The key pathological feature is the conversion of the normal prion protein (PrPC) misfolding into abnormal forms (PrPSc), triggering the onset of CWD infections. The misfolding can generate distinct PrPSc conformations (strains) giving rise to diverse disease phenotypes encompassing pathology, incubation period, and clinical signs. These phenotypes operationally define distinct prion strains, a pivotal element in monitoring CWD spread and zoonotic potential—a complex endeavor compounded by defining and tracking CWD strains. This review pursues a tripartite objective: 1. to address the intricate challenges inherent in ongoing CWD strain classification; 2. to provide an overview of the known CWD-infected isolates, the strains they represent and their passage history; and 3. to describe the spatial diversity of CWD strains in North America, enriching our understanding of CWD strain dynamics. By delving into these dimensions, this review sheds light on the intricate interplay among polymorphisms, biochemical properties, and clinical expressions of CWD. This endeavor aims to elevate the trajectory of CWD research, advancing our insight into prion disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14030250","usgsCitation":"Walter, W., Herbst, A.J., Lue, C., Bartz, J.C., and Hopkins, M., 2025, Overview of North American isolates of chronic wasting disease used for strain research: Pathogens, v. 14, no. 3, 250, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14030250.","productDescription":"250, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-174878","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14030250","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":483448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, W. David 0000-0003-3068-1073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-1073","contributorId":219540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"W. David","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herbst, Allen Jeffrey 0000-0001-6601-1245","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6601-1245","contributorId":290651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbst","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lue, Chia-Hua","contributorId":352334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lue","given":"Chia-Hua","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":930829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartz, Jason C.","contributorId":343037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartz","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40171,"text":"Creighton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":930830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hopkins, M. Camille 0000-0003-1465-6038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1465-6038","contributorId":219531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"M. Camille","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70264091,"text":"70264091 - 2025 - Interoperability for ecosystem service assessments: Why, how, who, and for whom?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T15:32:13.100946","indexId":"70264091","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-04T09:27:16","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1477,"text":"Ecosystem Services","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interoperability for ecosystem service assessments: Why, how, who, and for whom?","docAbstract":"Despite continued, rapid growth in the literature, the fragmentation of information is a major barrier to more timely and credible ecosystem services (ES) assessments. A major reason for this fragmentation is the currently limited state of interoperability of ES data, models, and software. The FAIR Principles, a recent reformulation of long-standing open science goals, highlight the importance of making scientific knowledge Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. Critically, FAIR aims to make science more transparent and transferable by both people and computers. However, it is easier to make data and models findable and accessible through data and code repositories than to achieve interoperability and reusability. Achieving interoperability will require more consistent adherence to current technical best practices and, more critically, to build consensus about and consistently use semantics that can represent ES-relevant phenomena. Building on recent examples from major international initiatives for ES (IPBES, SEEA, GEO BON), we illustrate strategies to address interoperability, discuss their importance, and describe potential gains for individual researchers and practitioners and the field of ES. Although interoperability comes with many challenges, including greater scientific coordination than today’s status quo, it is technically achievable and offers potentially transformative advantages to ES assessments needed to mainstream their use by decision makers. Individuals and organizations active in ES research and practice can play critical roles in creating widespread interoperability and reusability of ES science. A representative community of practice targeting interoperability for ES would help advance these goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101705","usgsCitation":"Bagstad, K.J., Balbi, S., Adamo, G., Athanasiadis, I., Affinito, F., Willcock, S., Magrach, A., Hayashi, K., Harmackova, Z., Niamir, A., Smets, B., Buchhorn, M., Drakou, E., Alfieri, A., Edens, B., Gonzalez Morales, L., Vari, A., Sanz, M., and Villa, F., 2025, Interoperability for ecosystem service assessments: Why, how, who, and for whom?: Ecosystem Services, v. 72, 101705, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101705.","productDescription":"101705, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-165917","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101705","text":"Publisher Index 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Change","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adamo, Greta","contributorId":351894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adamo","given":"Greta","affiliations":[{"id":32916,"text":"Basque Centre for Climate Change","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Athanasiadis, Ioannis 0000-0003-2764-0078","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2764-0078","contributorId":208484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Athanasiadis","given":"Ioannis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37803,"text":"Wageningen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Affinito, Flavio","contributorId":351896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Affinito","given":"Flavio","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Willcock, Simon 0000-0001-9534-9114","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-9114","contributorId":201576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willcock","given":"Simon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36207,"text":"Bangor University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Magrach, Ainhoa 0000-0003-2155-7556","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-7556","contributorId":208482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magrach","given":"Ainhoa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32916,"text":"Basque Centre for Climate Change","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hayashi, Kiichiro","contributorId":351898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayashi","given":"Kiichiro","affiliations":[{"id":27745,"text":"Nagoya University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Harmackova, Zuzana","contributorId":351900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harmackova","given":"Zuzana","affiliations":[{"id":17790,"text":"Czech Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Niamir, Aidin","contributorId":205107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niamir","given":"Aidin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":929734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smets, Bruno","contributorId":351902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smets","given":"Bruno","affiliations":[{"id":84069,"text":"VITO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Buchhorn, Marcel","contributorId":351903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buchhorn","given":"Marcel","affiliations":[{"id":84069,"text":"VITO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Drakou, Evangelia","contributorId":351904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drakou","given":"Evangelia","affiliations":[{"id":56097,"text":"Harokopio University of Athens","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Alfieri, Alessandra","contributorId":351905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alfieri","given":"Alessandra","affiliations":[{"id":84071,"text":"International Monetary Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Edens, Bram","contributorId":176850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edens","given":"Bram","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":929739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Gonzalez Morales, Luis","contributorId":351906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez Morales","given":"Luis","affiliations":[{"id":84072,"text":"U.N. Statistics Division","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Vari, Agnes","contributorId":351907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vari","given":"Agnes","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Sanz, Maria-Jose","contributorId":351908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanz","given":"Maria-Jose","affiliations":[{"id":32916,"text":"Basque Centre for Climate Change","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Villa, Ferdinando 0000-0002-5114-3007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-3007","contributorId":208486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villa","given":"Ferdinando","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32916,"text":"Basque Centre for Climate Change","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70264131,"text":"70264131 - 2025 - Partial diel vertical migration and niche partitioning in Mysis revealed by stable isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T14:51:03.204045","indexId":"70264131","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-04T09:07:22","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Partial diel vertical migration and niche partitioning in Mysis revealed by stable isotopes","title":"Partial diel vertical migration and niche partitioning in Mysis revealed by stable isotopes","docAbstract":"Diel vertical migration (DVM) is critical for moving energy and nutrients between surface and deep waters. Mysis sp. (Crustacea: Mysidae) facilitates this process by serving as predator and prey in both benthic and pelagic habitats. Mysis can also exhibit partial DVM (pDVM), where some individuals do not migrate into the pelagia at night or to the benthos during the day. However, whether Mysis pDVM is a fixed (i.e., same individuals migrate) or random (i.e., random individuals migrate) behavior remains unclear. To evaluate that, we tested whether Mysis exhibit pDVM and niche partitioning in Lake Superior by collecting Mysis from benthic and pelagic habitats day and night across depths ranging from 50 to 250 m and estimating their isotopic niche size (δ13C, δ15N; Corrected Standard Ellipse Area − SEAc) and overlap among three life stages. At the population level, Mysis exhibited fixed pDVM structured by life stage. Benthic Mysis (12.9 ± 3.2 mm, mean ± SD) were larger than pelagic Mysis during night (9.6 ± 3.6 mm) and day (8.5 ± 3.6 mm). Adult Mysis (> 15 mm) had larger SEAc (1.8 ± 0.4 ‰2) compared to juveniles (< 10 mm; 0.3 ± 0.1 ‰2) and sub-adults (10–15 mm; 0.7 ± 0.2 ‰2), and their isotopic niche did not overlap with smaller life stages. Adults exhibited random pDVM (i.e., high isotopic niche overlap), whereas juveniles exhibited fixed pDVM (i.e., low overlap). Our observations indicate complex behaviors across and within Mysis life stages, likely due to varying pressures including size-selective predation, light and temperature thresholds, and nutritional requirements. Consequently, the benthic behavior of adult Mysis needs to be considered in monitoring programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102549","usgsCitation":"Possamai, B., Chapina, R.J., Yule, D.L., and Stockwell, J.D., 2025, Partial diel vertical migration and niche partitioning in Mysis revealed by stable isotopes: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 51, no. 3, 102549, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102549.","productDescription":"102549, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-164546","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488470,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102549","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":483049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.18454996485123,\n 47.29999424679383\n ],\n [\n -92.2372794933763,\n 47.29999424679383\n ],\n [\n -92.2372794933763,\n 46.59937058688308\n ],\n [\n -90.18454996485123,\n 46.59937058688308\n ],\n [\n -90.18454996485123,\n 47.29999424679383\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Possamai, Bianca","contributorId":352019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Possamai","given":"Bianca","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapina, Rosaura J.","contributorId":342066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapina","given":"Rosaura","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L. 0000-0002-0117-5115","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-5115","contributorId":248693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stockwell, Jason D. 0000-0003-3393-6799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-6799","contributorId":61004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":929920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70265485,"text":"70265485 - 2025 - How to model a new invader? US-invaded range models outperform global or combined range models after 100 occurrences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-08T15:00:25.716606","indexId":"70265485","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-04T07:53:59","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How to model a new invader? US-invaded range models outperform global or combined range models after 100 occurrences","docAbstract":"Invasive species are an economic and ecological burden, and efforts to limit their impact are greatly improved with reliable maps based on species distribution models (SDMs). However, the potential distribution of new invaders is difficult to anticipate because they are still spreading with few observations in their invaded habitat. Therefore, an accepted practice in predicting the distribution of invasive species has been to incorporate habitat information from its entire geographic distribution (invaded and native ranges) into SDMs. Yet, this approach, due to niche shifts, niche expansions, and data deficiencies, commonly misrepresents where an invasive species is found in its new range. Here, we use time series records (invasion stages) from 13 invasive plant species in North America to explore the tension between modeling invasive species using global range and invaded range data and to determine if there is a “tipping point” at which one SDM strategy performs better than the other in predicting the ultimate distribution. At the earliest invasion stage, models developed using both invaded range and global occurrences on average performed better and had less variability across species than other model strategies at this stage. However, after as few as 100 observations of an invasive plant had been made, US-invaded range models, on average, outperformed global range models and models that combined occurrences. By building models with global and US-scale predictors, we show that higher performance of invaded range models was in part because of greater data quality at the invaded-range scale. Our work demonstrates that after relatively few observations of an invasive species in its invaded range, it is more accurate to model its potential distribution using only information from the invaded range while disregarding information from other regions. This work develops a robust and comprehensive approach to modeling novel distributions of newly observed invasive species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.70010","usgsCitation":"Young, N.E., Williams, D.A., Shadwell, K.S., Pearse, I., and Jarnevich, C.S., 2025, How to model a new invader? 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0000-0001-6835-425X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-425X","contributorId":332473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shadwell","given":"Keana","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":79471,"text":"Student contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":211154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":932816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":932817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70263871,"text":"sir20245102 - 2025 - North American Waterfowl Management Plan survey regional profile—Southeast region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T15:16:21.272937","indexId":"sir20245102","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-03T11:40:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-5102","displayTitle":"North American Waterfowl Management Plan Survey Regional Profile—Southeast Region","title":"North American Waterfowl Management Plan survey regional profile—Southeast region","docAbstract":"Gaining a better understanding of the human dimensions of waterfowl management to inform the North American Waterfowl Management Plan is a valuable but challenging goal for the future success of waterfowl management. Increasing engagement with key stakeholder groups will lead to more support and effective waterfowl management. Social systems are complex because individual values and preferences may vary across geographic and cultural dimensions, so it is valuable to describe those differences rather than only looking at national-scale trends. Therefore, using broad engagement strategies that do not consider the differences among regional groups may do more harm than good.
This study analyzed a subset of responses from waterfowl hunters (hereafter respondents) in the Southeast region of the United States from a national-scale survey (Patton, 2018). This study compared how respondents’ opinions differed among two subsections of the Atlantic and Mississippi flyways—the Atlantic subflyway and Mississippi subflyway—and responses from the national survey. Respondents in the Atlantic subflyway had a primary home ZIP Code in Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Respondents in the Mississippi subflyway had a primary home ZIP Code in Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, and Mississippi. Investigating these differences provides waterfowl managers decision-making support and a better understanding of how perceptions may differ among respondents in the Southeast region and the Nation. Responses from each group are presented for each for each survey topic, and statistical tests of homogeneity are included to inform how the differences may be considered when managing for waterfowl and waterfowl hunting.
Respondents from the Mississippi and Atlantic subflyways did not differ substantially except in their perceptions and preferences of waterfowl harvest and harvest regulations. Respondents from the Mississippi subflyway consistently reported a higher average harvest of ducks and geese, emphasized the importance of higher harvest for their satisfaction with waterfowl hunting, and typically placed a greater emphasis on regulatory decisions that facilitated increased harvest opportunity than respondents from the Atlantic subflyway. This emphasis was especially true when preferring species-specific limits more than simpler aggregate limits. Respondents in the Mississippi subflyway were in direct opposition to respondents in the Atlantic subflyway and preferred the opportunity for increased harvest that species-specific bag limits provide.
Respondents in the Mississippi subflyway placed greater emphasis on harvest and larger bag limits compared with respondents in the Atlantic subflyway and the national survey. Respondents in the Atlantic subflyway often aligned with the national survey respondents’ perceptions of harvest that placed a lower emphasis on the number of ducks or geese harvested in comparison to Mississippi subflyway respondents. The Atlantic and Mississippi subflyway respondents reported hunting ducks and geese to a much lower degree than the national survey respondents, who favored only hunting ducks or hunting neither ducks nor geese. Similarly, respondents in the Mississippi and Atlantic subflyways reported that overcrowding, high hunting pressure, and interference from other respondents limited their participation to a higher degree than respondents from the national survey.
The trip-specific preferences for waterfowl hunting in the Southeast region were calculated using latent class analysis and three groups were determined based on individual estimates of attribute importance: generalist, seclusionist, and harvest oriented. The generalist group did not place a high degree of importance on any one attribute and was most likely to choose to not participate given suboptimal conditions. The seclusionist group placed a high degree of importance on lower levels of competition from other groups and felt their well-being was most affected by higher levels of competition. The harvest-oriented group placed a higher degree of importance on harvesting more than three birds and felt their well-being was most negatively affected if they only expected to harvest a single bird. These groups existed uniformly between the Mississippi and Atlantic subflyways, had a slightly higher membership of each group in rural areas, and an overall higher membership in the seclusionist group.
Subsetting national survey data to profile regional differences provides key information to waterfowl managers seeking to make tailored decisions in their region or flyway. This investigation provides an important resource for informed management decisions in the Southeast region and will assist waterfowl managers by supporting engagement and communication with respondents in the Southeastern United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","programNote":"Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Cole, N., and Fulton, D., 2025, North American Waterfowl Management Plan survey regional profile—Southeast region: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5102, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245102.","productDescription":"vii, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-157127","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482519,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5102/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":482520,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5102/sir20245102.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024-5102"},{"id":482742,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5102/images"},{"id":482743,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5102/sir20245102.xml"},{"id":482968,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245102/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2024-5102"}],"contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) maps illustrated patterns of segregation in United States cites in the 1930s. As the causes and drivers of demographic and land-use segregation vary over years, these maps provide an important spatial lens in determining how patterns of segregation spatially and temporally developed during the past century. Using a high-resolution land-use time series (1937-2018) of Denver, Colorado, USA, in conjunction with 80 years of U.S. Census data, we found divergent land-use and demographics patterns across HOLC categories were both pre-existent to the establishment of HOLC mapping and continued to develop over time. Over this period, areas deemed “declining” or “hazardous” had more diverse land use compared to “desirable” areas. “Desirable” areas were dominated by one land-use type (single-family residential), while single-family residential diminished in prominence in the “declining/hazardous” areas. This divergence became more established decades after HOLC mapping, with impact to racial metrics and low-income households. We found changes in these demographic patterns also occurred between 2000 and 2019, highlighting how processes like gentrification can develop from both rapid demographic and land-use changes. This study demonstrates how the legacy of urban segregation develops over decades and can simultaneously persist in some neighborhoods while providing openings for fast-paced gentrification in others.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0317988","usgsCitation":"Ibsen, P.C., Bierbrauer, A., Corro, L.M., Ancona, Z.H., Drummond, M., Bagstad, K.J., and Diffendorfer, J., 2025, Land-use and socioeconomic time-series reveal legacy of redlining on present-day gentrification within a growing United States city: PLoS ONE, v. 20, no. 3, e0317988, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317988.","productDescription":"e0317988, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-150825","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317988","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":484846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.24205378950955,\n 40.013754705471314\n ],\n [\n -105.24205378950955,\n 39.48193862459914\n ],\n [\n -104.69002801650613,\n 39.48193862459914\n ],\n [\n -104.69002801650613,\n 40.013754705471314\n ],\n [\n -105.24205378950955,\n 40.013754705471314\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ibsen, Peter Christian 0000-0002-3436-9100","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-9100","contributorId":260735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ibsen","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"Christian","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":934150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bierbrauer, Anna","contributorId":353579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bierbrauer","given":"Anna","affiliations":[{"id":84440,"text":"University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Planning and Architecture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corro, Lucila Marie 0000-0001-5718-6713","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5718-6713","contributorId":335192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corro","given":"Lucila","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":934152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ancona, Zachary H. 0000-0001-5430-0218 zancona@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5430-0218","contributorId":5578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ancona","given":"Zachary","email":"zancona@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":934153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drummond, Mark","contributorId":335191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drummond","given":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":934155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":934156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70264047,"text":"70264047 - 2025 - Invasion of perennial sagebrush steppe by shallow-rooted exotic cheatgrass reduces stable forms of soil carbon in a warmer but not cooler ecoregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-05T17:03:14.019394","indexId":"70264047","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-03T10:59:48","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10763,"text":"Environmental Research Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasion of perennial sagebrush steppe by shallow-rooted exotic cheatgrass reduces stable forms of soil carbon in a warmer but not cooler ecoregion","docAbstract":"Soil organic carbon ('SOC') in drylands comprises nearly a third of the global SOC pool and has relatively rapid turnover and thus is a key driver of variability in the global carbon cycle. SOC is also a sensitive indicator of longer-term directional change and disturbance-responses of ecosystem C storage. Biome-scale disruption of the dryland carbon cycle by exotic annual grass invasions (mainly Bromus tectorum, 'Cheatgrass') threatens carbon storage and corresponding benefits to soil hydrology and nutrient retention. Past studies on cheatgrass impacts mainly focused on total C, and of the few that evaluated SOC, none compared the very different fractions of SOC, such as relatively unstable particulate organic carbon (POC) or relatively stable, mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). We measured SOC and its POC and MAOC constituents in the surface soils of sites that had sagebrush canopies but differed in whether their understories had been invaded by cheatgrass or not, in both warm and relatively colder ecoregions of the western USA. MAOC stocks were 36.1% less in the 0–10 cm depth and 46.1% less in the 10–20 cm depth in the cheatgrass-invaded stands compared to the uninvaded stands of the warmer Colorado Plateau, but not in the cooler and more carbon-rich Wyoming Basin ecoregion. In plots where cheatgrass increased SOC, it was via unstable POC. These findings indicate that cheatgrass effects on the distribution of soil carbon among POC and MAOC fractions may vary among ecoregions, and that cheatgrass can reduce forms of carbon that are otherwise considered stable and 'secure', i.e. sequestered.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Science","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/adb93f","usgsCitation":"Katz, S., Maxwell, T.M., de Graaff, M., and Germino, M., 2025, Invasion of perennial sagebrush steppe by shallow-rooted exotic cheatgrass reduces stable forms of soil carbon in a warmer but not cooler ecoregion: Environmental Research Communications, v. 7, no. 3, 031001, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/adb93f.","productDescription":"031001, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-171618","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/adb93f","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, Sydney Maya 0000-0003-1682-1885","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-1885","contributorId":351089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Sydney Maya","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maxwell, Toby Matthew 0000-0001-5171-0705","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-0705","contributorId":334690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Toby","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Graaff, Marie-Anne","contributorId":195121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Graaff","given":"Marie-Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":929595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":251901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}