Primitive late Cenozoic basaltic lavas from the Cascades volcanic arc near latitude 46°N comprise two distinct compositional groups. Group I includes samples with low Ba/Nb (<20) and other compositional similarities to oceanic island and MORB lavas from within-plate settings. In contrast, Group II exhibits enrichment of Ba and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depletion of Nb and high-field strength elements (HFSE) as seen commonly in calcalkalic lavas from other volcanic arcs. Lavas of both groups are widely distributed across the transect, and Group I lavas are found as much as 30–40 km trenchward of stratovolcanoes that define the High Cascades ‘volcanic front (VF)’. The most primitive lavas are sparsely porphyritic, have elevated Ni, Cr, and Mg#, high calculated magmatic temperatures (1200–1300 °C), and lack evidence of shallow (crustal level) storage and crystallization. Compositions of parental liquids were calculated for each primitive sample on the premise of Fe–Mg equilibrium with mantle peridotite. Assuming that such magmas ascended rapidly from accumulation zones in the mantle, we estimate P and T of segregation. We infer that (a) Group I magmas ascended from systematically greater depths (∼50–70 km) than Group II (∼30–50 km), implying the possible existence of compositional stratification in the mantle wedge; (b) Group I basalts show the least evidence for slab-derived contributions in their sources despite their apparently greater segregation depths (approaching the locus of the Cascadia slab beneath the frontal arc region); (c) Group II lavas with the strongest slab compositional signature have temperatures far exceeding the wet peridotite solidus at high pressure; and (d) the inferred thermal structure of the mantle wedge is very warm, implying a significant component of mantle upwelling and convection. Group I lavas are interpreted as decompression melts from this mantle, and their compositions suggest that their source was little modified by slab-derived contributions. We speculate that melting to produce Group II magmas occurs in the shallow mantle, possibly in response to heating by hot ascending Group I magmas. If true, it seems unlikely that the slab-like signal in Group II lavas can be attributed to modern slab inputs; rather, we postulate that this signature may reflect melting of lithospheric mantle domains containing a ‘stored’ slab-derived component inherited from earlier stages of Cascadia subduction. This scenario differs from the standard paradigm for subduction zones (SZs), and stresses the importance of convecting asthenospheric mantle in driving arc magmatism, particularly in warm subduction zones where slab fluid contributions likely are minimal. In contrast, because tectonic conditions in more typical volcanic arcs favor subduction of cooler, less dehydrated oceanic lithosphere, slab-derived fluids may promote extensive flux-melting in the wedge. Such melts may dominate the magmatic output and mask wedge contributions. The Cascade arc thus provides rarely afforded insights into arc magma genesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.07.016","usgsCitation":"Leeman, W.P., Lewis, J.F., Evarts, R.C., Conrey, R.M., and Streck, M.J., 2005, Petrologic constraints on the thermal structure of the Cascades arc: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 140, no. 1-3, p. 67-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.07.016.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"105","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Volcanic Arc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.1048519890231,\n 40.00920220023872\n ],\n [\n -120.00678924487796,\n 39.898804843550124\n ],\n [\n -119.86396697925346,\n 42.48015489474756\n ],\n [\n -121.05049041675323,\n 44.30808295012264\n ],\n [\n -119.76509002612816,\n 46.73332400231587\n ],\n [\n -119.89692596362812,\n 47.473642144488565\n ],\n [\n -119.34760955737804,\n 48.51028624872367\n ],\n [\n -119.56749847339817,\n 49.634628243685086\n ],\n [\n -121.23742034839842,\n 50.850074639020505\n ],\n [\n -129.46618011402336,\n 49.96083750032605\n ],\n [\n -125.86266448902299,\n 40.303087287044264\n ],\n [\n -124.1048519890231,\n 40.00920220023872\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"140","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leeman, William P.","contributorId":87142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, Jared F.","contributorId":299421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":7173,"text":"Rice University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evarts, Russell C. revarts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evarts","given":"Russell","email":"revarts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conrey, Richard M.","contributorId":41911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Streck, Martin J.","contributorId":194543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streck","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70160107,"text":"70160107 - 2005 - Forestry practices and aquatic biodiversity: Fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T09:46:43","indexId":"70160107","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":221,"text":"Technical Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"908","title":"Forestry practices and aquatic biodiversity: Fish","docAbstract":"In the Pacific Northwest, fish communities are found in a diverse array of aquatic habitats ranging from the large coastal rivers of the temperate rainforests, to the fragmented and sometimes ephemeral streams of the xeric interior basins, and high-elevation streams and lakes in the mountainous areas (Rieman et al. 2003). Only high-elevation lakes and streams isolated above barriers to fish passage remained historically devoid of fish because they were never invaded following Pleistocene glaciation (Smith 1981). Despite this widespread distribution and once great population abundances, taxonomic diversity of fishes in these forested systems is naturally lower than in aquatic habitats in the eastern U.S. (Reeves, Bisson, and Dambacher 1998).
Interactions among factors that influence species richness in aquatic systems (e.g., basin size, long-term stability of habitat, and barriers to colonization; Smith 1981) continue to influence the occurrence and persistence of fishes in these systems today. Consequently, the larger low-elevation rivers and estuaries support the greatest variety of fish species. In the high-elevation tributary streams, fish communities are less complex because these aquatic systems were less climatically and geologically stable, and fish populations were smaller and more prone to local extirpation. Furthermore, barriers to fish passage inhibited dispersal and colonization (Smith 1981). Streams in forested landscapes generally support salmon and trout, Oncorhynchus spp., whitefish Prosopium spp., sculpins Cottus spp., suckers Catostomus spp., and minnows (Cyprinidae), but in some of the colder streams, chars (e.g., Salvelinus confluentus and Salvelinus malma) and lampreys (Petromyzontidae)may also occur (Rieman et al. 2003).
Although biodiversity defined in terms of fish species richness is low in the Pacific Northwest, intraspecific variability is high, and polytypic fish species are common in the diverse aquatic habitats of the region. For example, the salmonids in the coastal rivers and streams, and the larger interconnected streams, rivers, and lakes of the interior exhibit a variety of ecotypes and migratory life histories (Healey 1986; Trotter 1989; Larson and McIntire 1993; Northcote 1997). This life-history variation appears to be associated with adaptation to spatial and temporal variation in environment (e.g., Schaffer and Elson 1975; Carl and Healey 1984; Beacham and Murray 1987), and there is some evidence of the genetic heritability of life-history traits (Carl and Healey 1984; Gharrett and Smoker 1993; Hankin, Nicholas, and Downey 1993). Persistence of any level of biological organization (e.g., life-history type, population, metapopulation, subspecies, species, community) is related to the interaction of environmental and biological components, and intraspecific diversity is a means of spreading risk (sensu den Boer 1968) of extirpation in dynamic environments (Gresswell 1999).
Unfortunately, despite the broad distribution and extensive intraspecific diversity, persistence of native fishes is uncertain in the Pacific Northwest. Many populations of anadromous salmonids, once synonymous with vigorous biological communities throughout the region, are threatened with extinction (Nehlsen, Williams, and Lichatowich 1991; Frissell 1993; Thurow, Lee, and Rieman 1997). Furthermore, over half of the native taxa in the Columbia River Basin are either listed under the Endangered Species Act, are being considered for listing, or are deemed sensitive by the management agencies (Lee et al. 1997; Thurow, Lee, and Rieman 1997). Potamodromous species like bull trout Salvelinus confluentus are estimated to occur as strong populations in less than 5% of their potential range (Rieman, Lee, and Thurow 1997). Although not currently listed under the endangered species list, the coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki is managed as a sensitive species in Oregon and California (Hall, Bisson, and Gresswell 1997). Native non-game fishes have rarely been monitored, but populations of species such as large-scale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus), squawfish (Ptychocheilus umpquae), and Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) also are declining in some drainages (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, unpublished data).
The Kittlitz's murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) is a rare seabird that nests in alpine terrain and generally forages near tidewater glaciers during the breeding season. An estimated 95% of the global population breeds in Alaska, with some unknown proportion breeding in the Russian Far East. A global population estimate using bestavailable data in the early 1990s was 20,000 individuals. However, recent survey data from two core areas (Prince William Sound and Glacier Bay) suggest that populations have declined by 75-90% during the past 10-20 years. In response to these declines, a coalition of environmental groups petitioned the USFWS in May 2001 to list the Kittlitz’s murrelet under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and in 2004 Kittlitz’s Murrelet was declared a candidate species under the ESA. In 2005, BirdLife International classified the species as “critically endangered”. In 2002, we began a three-year project to examine population status and trend of Kittlitz’s Murrelets in areas where distribution and abundance were poorly known. Results from the 2002 field season, focused on the south coast of the Kenai Peninsula, suggested that the local population of Kittlitz’s Murrelets has declined by ca. 74% since 1986, with a current population of ca. 500 individuals. Here we present results from the 2003 field season when we surveyed Kittlitz’s Murrelets along the southern coast of the Alaska Peninsula. This is a large region that encompasses a substantial portion of the known range of the Kittlitz’s Murrelet, yet has never been surveyed rigorously for murrelets or any other non-colonial marine birds. During four weeks of surveys, we established a set of nearshore and offshore transects (over 825 linear kilometers in total) with a stratified sample design, combining random and systematically selected transects. From a total of 123 individuals seen on transects, we estimate a total population of 2265 (95% CI 1165-4405) Kittlitz’s Murrelets along the south coast of the Alaska Peninsula. For comparison, we estimate the population size of the congeneric Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus). We discuss broad-scale murrelet habitat relationships and species comparisons, and present recommendations for management and future work. Other species of marine birds and mammals were also surveyed; summarized information is included as an appendix.
","language":"English","publisher":"USGS Biological Science Office","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.3133/70176076","usgsCitation":"van Pelt, T.I., and Piatt, J.F., 2005, Population status of Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris along the southern coast of the Alaska Peninsula, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70176076.","productDescription":"63 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b0e7e4b0f2f0cebe6500","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85615,"text":"85615 - 2005 - Diseases of frogs and toads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-07T12:17:55","indexId":"85615","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Diseases of frogs and toads","docAbstract":"This chapter presents information on infectious diseases of free-living frogs and toads that have completed metamorphosis. The diseases discussed in this chapter pertain principally to sub-adult and adult frogs and toads that are at least 60-90 days removed from completion of metamorphosis. The main emphasis of this chapter is the diseases found in amphibians of Canada and the United States. Diseases of recent metamorphs, larvae and amphibian eggs are presented in the chapters Diseases of Amphibian Eggs and Embryos and Diseases of Tadpoles. The smallest disease agents (viruses and bacteria) are presented first, followed by fungi, protozoa, helminths and ectoparasites. Diseases presented in this chapter are Ranaviral (iridovirus) infection Lucke frog herpesvirus (kidney cancer) Frog erythrocytic virus West Nile virus Red-leg disease (bacterial septicemia) Salmonellosis Chytrid fungal infection Basidiobolus fungi Dermosporidiosis Ichthyophoniasis Dermocystidium & Dermomycoides Myxozoa Ribeiroia flukes and Amphibian malformations Clinostomum metacercaria Aspects of each disease are presented to assist the biologist with recognition of diseases in the field. Hence, the major emphases for identification of diseases are the epizootiological aspects (host species, life stage, casualty numbers, etc) and gross findings ('lesions'). Descriptions of the microscopical, ultrastructural and cultural characteristics of each infectious agent were considered beyond the scope of this text. Detailed cultural and microscopical features of these disease agents are available in other reviews (Taylor et al., 2001; Green, 2001). Some diseases, while common in captive and zoo amphibians, are exceptionally rare in free-living frogs and toads, and therefore are omitted from this review. Among the diseases not presented are infections by chlamydia and mycobacteria, which occur principally in captive colonies of African clawed frogs (Xenopus, Hymenochirus, et al.) and northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Other interesting diseases could have been presented, such as a wart-like virus infection of Japanese newts and a group of protistan parasites, referred to as Dermocystidium and Dermomycoides, in European frogs and toads. The reader is referred to Green (2001) for a review of these diseases. Amphibians have a rich diversity of helminthic parasites (Poynton and Whitaker, 2001). In general, most cestodes, trematodes and nematodes of amphibians are innocuous and not linked to specific clinical signs ('symptoms') or mortalities. An important major exception to this generalization is the trematode, Ribeiroia, which has been linked to numerous and bizarre malformations of frogs, toads and salamanders (Johnson et al., 1999, Johnson et al., 2001, Schotthoefer et al., 2003). Two genera of trematodal parasites are discussed in this chapter: Ribeiroia because they cause malformations and Clinostomum because they are large and produce visible lumps in the skin. For a review of amphibian helminths, the reader is referred to the text by Flynn (1973).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Diseases: Landscape Epidemiology, Spatial Distribution, and Utilization of Remote Sensing Technology.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Pennsylvania Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","usgsCitation":"Green, D.E., and Converse, K.A., 2005, Diseases of frogs and toads, chap. 8 of Wildlife Diseases: Landscape Epidemiology, Spatial Distribution, and Utilization of Remote Sensing Technology., p. 89-117.","productDescription":"p. 89-117","startPage":"89","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15365,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0945809190","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4495.000000000000000"}],"country":"Canada, United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5572","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Majumdar, S.K.","contributorId":93419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majumdar","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504568,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, J.E.","contributorId":114005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504571,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenner, F.J.","contributorId":111614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504569,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panah, A.I.","contributorId":113671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panah","given":"A.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504570,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Green, D. E. 0000-0002-7663-1832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-1832","contributorId":58971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85649,"text":"85649 - 2005 - Diseases of salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-07T12:22:56","indexId":"85649","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Diseases of salamanders","docAbstract":"Few diseases are reported in salamanders. Two notable exceptions are infections by Ranavirus and Ichthyophonus. Except for mortality events associated with ranaviruses in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) and spotted salamanders (A. maculatum), dieoffs of salamanders are rarely detected or reported. Diseases presented in this chapter are those encountered in free-living salamanders of the United States and Canada. A few additional diseases that are occasionally seen in captive and zoo animals have been reviewed by Green (2001). This chapter on Diseases of Salamanders will address five common infectious diseases of free-living larval and adult salamanders: Ranavirus (iridovims) infection, chytrid fungal infection, ichthyophoniasis, Clinostomum metacercaria, chiggers. Many helminthic parasites infect salamanders, but with few exceptions, these infections are unlikely to cause illness (morbidity) or death (mortality). Readers are referred to parasitology texts for a review of protozoan, helminthic and ectoparasitic organisms of amphibians (Flynn, 1973; Poynton and Whitaker, 2001).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife diseases: Landscape epidemiology, spatial distribution and utilization of remote sensing technology","language":"English","publisher":"The Pennsylvania Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","isbn":"978-0945809197","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., and Green, D.E., 2005, Diseases of salamanders, chap. 9 of Wildlife diseases: Landscape epidemiology, spatial distribution and utilization of remote sensing technology, p. 118-130.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15362,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0945809190","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4492.000000000000000"}],"country":"Canada, United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a4a3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Majumdar, S.K.","contributorId":93419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majumdar","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504639,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, J.E.","contributorId":114005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504642,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenner, F.J.","contributorId":111614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504640,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panah, A.I.","contributorId":113671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panah","given":"A.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504641,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, D. E. 0000-0002-7663-1832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-1832","contributorId":58971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176098,"text":"70176098 - 2005 - Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T15:56:50.880381","indexId":"70176098","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits","docAbstract":"Populations of the Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica; Scolopacidae) embark on some of the longest migrations known among birds. The baueri race breeds in western Alaska and spends the nonbreeding season a hemisphere away in New Zealand and eastern Australia; the menzbieri race breeds in Siberia and migrates to western and northern Australia. Although the Siberian birds are known to follow the coast of Asia during both migrations, the southern pathway followed by the Alaska breeders has remained unknown. Two questions have particular ecological importance: (1) do Alaska godwits migrate directly across the Pacific, a distance of 11 000 km? and (2) are they capable of doing this in a single flight without stopping to rest or refuel? We explored six lines of evidence to answer these questions. The distribution of resightings of marked birds of the baueri and menzbieri races was significantly different between northward and southward flights with virtually no marked baueri resighted along the Asian mainland during southward migration. The timing of southward migration of the two races further indicates the absence of a coastal Asia route by baueri with peak passage of godwits in general occurring there a month prior to the departure of most birds from Alaska. The use of a direct route across the Pacific is also supported by significantly more records of godwits reported from within a direct migration corridor than elsewhere in Oceania, and during the September to November period than at other times of the year. The annual but rare occurrence of Hudsonian Godwits (L. haemastica) in New Zealand and the absence of their records along the Asian mainland also support a direct flight and are best explained by Hudsonian Godwits accompanying Bar-tailed Godwits from known communal staging areas in Alaska. Flight simulation models, extreme fat loads, and the apparent evolution of a wind-selected migration from Alaska further support a direct, nonstop flight.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.1093/condor/107.1.1","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., Piersma, T., Hufford, G., Servranckx, R., and Riegen, A.C., 2005, Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits: The Condor, v. 107, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.1.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia, New Zealand, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.15625,\n 53.330872983017066\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 53.330872983017066\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 71.41317683396566\n ],\n [\n -170.15625,\n 71.41317683396566\n ],\n [\n -170.15625,\n 53.330872983017066\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 138.1640625,\n -40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n 156.09375,\n -40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n 156.09375,\n -11.5230875068685\n ],\n [\n 138.1640625,\n -11.5230875068685\n ],\n [\n 138.1640625,\n -40.713955826286046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 170.859375,\n -47.98992166741417\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n -37.99616267972812\n ],\n [\n 175.4296875,\n -34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n 162.7734375,\n -45.33670190996811\n ],\n [\n 170.859375,\n -47.98992166741417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c016b0e4b0f2f0ceb87303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":45863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hufford, Gary","contributorId":106408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hufford","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Servranckx, R.","contributorId":42067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Servranckx","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35202,"text":"Canadian Meteorological Centre, Québec, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riegen, Adrian C.","contributorId":127817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riegen","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":85665,"text":"85665 - 2005 - Diseases of amphibian eggs and embryos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-07T12:15:20","indexId":"85665","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Diseases of amphibian eggs and embryos","docAbstract":"Amphibians generally are prolific egg producers. In tropical and semi-tropical regions, deposition of eggs may occur year-round or may coincide with rainy seasons, while in temperate regions, deposition of eggs usually occurs immediately after emergence from hibernation. Numbers of eggs produced by each species may vary from a few dozen to thousands. Accordingly, some eggs may be infertile and wastage of embryos is to be expected.\r\nFertility, viability and decomposition of eggs and embryos must be considered before it is assumed that diseases are present. An important consideration in the evaluation of egg masses is the fact that some will contain infertile and non-viable eggs. These infertile and nonviable eggs will undergo decomposition and they may appear similar to eggs that are infected by a pathogen. Evaluation of egg masses and embryos for the presence of disease may require repeated observations in a given breeding season as well as continued monitoring of egg masses during their growth and development and over successive breeding seasons. Amphibian eggs rarely are subjected to a comprehensive health (diagnostic) examination; hence, there is scant literature on the diseases of this life stage. Indeed, the eggs of some North American amphibians have yet to be described. Much basic physiology and normal biomedical baseline data on amphibian eggs is lacking. For example, it is known that the aquatic eggs of some species of shrimp quickly are coated by a protective and commensal bacterium that effectively impedes invasion of the eggs by other environmental organisms and potential pathogens. In the absence of this bacterium, shrimp eggs are rapidly killed by other bacteria and fungi (Green, 2001). The possibility that amphibian eggs also have important symbiotic or commensal bacteria needs to be investigated. Furthermore, the quantity and types of chemicals in the normal gelatinous capsules of amphibian eggs have scarcely been examined. Abnormalities of the female oviduct, either due to infectious disease, nutritional status, hormonal imbalances, or sublethal intoxications, could affect the quality of secreted gelatinous capsules on eggs, thus rendering an egg mass susceptible to other stressors. Diseases of amphibian eggs and embryos presented in this chapter are\r\nLucke frog herpesvirus\r\nRanavirus (iridovirus) infection\r\nBacteria\r\nWatermold infection (saprolegniasis)\r\nAlgae\r\nMicrosporidia","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Diseases: Landscape Epidemiology, Spatial Distribution and Utilization of Remote Sensing Technology.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Pennsylvania Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","usgsCitation":"Green, D.E., and Converse, K.A., 2005, Diseases of amphibian eggs and embryos, chap. 6 of Wildlife Diseases: Landscape Epidemiology, Spatial Distribution and Utilization of Remote Sensing Technology., p. 62-71.","productDescription":"p. 62-71","startPage":"62","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15364,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0945809190","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4494.000000000000000"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493de","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Majumdar, S.K.","contributorId":93419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majumdar","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504670,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, J.E.","contributorId":114005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504673,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenner, F.J.","contributorId":111614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504671,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panah, A.I.","contributorId":113671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panah","given":"A.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504672,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Green, D. E. 0000-0002-7663-1832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-1832","contributorId":58971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029594,"text":"70029594 - 2005 - Stratigraphic and geochemical evolution of an oceanic arc upper crustal section: The Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029594","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic and geochemical evolution of an oceanic arc upper crustal section: The Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The Early Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation forms the upper stratigraphic level of an oceanic volcanic arc complex within the Peninsular Terrane of south-central Alaska. The section comprises a series of lavas, tuffs, and volcaniclastic debris-How and flow turbidite deposits, showing significant lateral facies variability. There is a general trend toward more volcaniclastic sediment at the top of the section and more lavas and tuff breccias toward the base. Evidence for dominant submarine, mostly mid-bathyal or deeper (>500 m) emplacement is seen throughout the section, which totals ???7 km in thickness, similar to modern western Pacific arcs, and far more than any other known exposed section. Subaerial sedimentation was rare but occurred over short intervals in the middle of the section. The Talkeetna Volcanic Formation is dominantly calc-alkatine and shows no clear trend to increasing SiO2 up-section. An oceanic subduction petrogenesis is shown by trace element and Nd isotope data. Rocks at the base of the section show no relative enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs) versus heavy rare earth elements (REES) or in melt-incompatible versus compatible high field strength elements (HFSEs). Relative enrichment of LREEs and HFSEs increases slightly up-section. The Talkeetna Volcanic Formation is typically more REE depleted than average continental crust, although small volumes of light REE-enriched and heavy REE-depleted mafic lavas are recognized low in the stratigraphy. The Talkeetna Volcanic Formation was formed in an intraoceanic arc above a north-dipping subduction zone and contains no preserved record of its subsequent collisions with Wrangellia or North America. ?? 2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25638.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Clift, P., Draut, A., Kelemen, P., Blusztajn, J., and Greene, A., 2005, Stratigraphic and geochemical evolution of an oceanic arc upper crustal section: The Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation, south-central Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 7-8, p. 902-925, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25638.1.","startPage":"902","endPage":"925","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25638.1"},{"id":237498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98c8e4b08c986b31c138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clift, P.D.","contributorId":100182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clift","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Draut, A.E.","contributorId":50273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelemen, P.B.","contributorId":107034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelemen","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blusztajn, J.","contributorId":16639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blusztajn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greene, A.","contributorId":34711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029342,"text":"70029342 - 2005 - Forest cover influences dispersal distance of white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70029342","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forest cover influences dispersal distance of white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"Animal dispersal patterns influence gene flow, disease spread, population dynamics, spread of invasive species, and establishment of rare or endangered species. Although differences in dispersal distances among taxa have been reported, few studies have described plasticity of dispersal distance among populations of a single species. In 2002-2003, we radiomarked 308 juvenile (7- to 10-month-old), male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in 2 study areas in Pennsylvania. By using a meta-analysis approach, we compared dispersal rates and distances from these populations together with published reports of 10 other nonmigratory populations of white-tailed deer. Population density did not influence dispersal rate or dispersal distance, nor did forest cover influence dispersal rate. However, average (r2 = 0.94, P < 0.001, d.f. = 9) and maximum (r2 = 0.86, P = 0.001, d.f. = 7) dispersal distances of juvenile male deer were greater in habitats with less forest cover. Hence, dispersal behavior of this habitat generalist varies, and use of landscape data to predict population-specific dispersal distances may aid efforts to model population spread, gene flow, or disease transmission. ?? 2005 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[623:FCIDDO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Long, E., Diefenbach, D., Rosenberry, C., Wallingford, B., and Grund, M., 2005, Forest cover influences dispersal distance of white-tailed deer: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 86, no. 3, p. 623-629, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[623:FCIDDO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"623","endPage":"629","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477910,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[623:fciddo]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210588,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[623:FCIDDO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1331e4b0c8380cd54558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, E.S.","contributorId":85305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":106592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, C.S.","contributorId":22884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallingford, B.D.","contributorId":62726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallingford","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grund, M.D.","contributorId":92865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grund","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029181,"text":"70029181 - 2005 - An annotated list of the caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70029181","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3623,"text":"Transactions of the American Entomological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An annotated list of the caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"The caddisflies of Mount Rainier National Park (MRNP), Washington, USA, were surveyed between 1997 and 2004. At least 1,930 specimens from over 250 collections at 163 sites were examined. Based on the current understanding of caddisfly systematics, 108 species were identified. With nine additional species previously reported that we did not confirm, a total of 117 species are now known from MRNP, representing over 50 % of the reported Washington state caddisfly fauna. The collections of the rare brachycentrid, Eobrachycentrus gelidae Wiggins, represent the second and third known records of adults for this species. Six species, Apatania zonella (Zetterstedt), Asynarchus aldinus (Ross), Limnephilus moestus Banks, Polycentropus flavus (Banks), Rhyacophila vobara Milne, and Neophylax occidentis Banks represent new records for the state of Washington. One new species of Polycentropus was discovered.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Entomological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00028320","usgsCitation":"Ruiter, D., Kondratieff, B., Lechleitner, R., and Zuellig, R., 2005, An annotated list of the caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA: Transactions of the American Entomological Society, v. 131, no. 1-2, p. 159-187.","startPage":"159","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9fee4b0c8380cd48595","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruiter, D.E.","contributorId":55200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiter","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kondratieff, B.C.","contributorId":103230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lechleitner, R.A.","contributorId":49970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lechleitner","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zuellig, R.E.","contributorId":37045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029156,"text":"70029156 - 2005 - Fish assemblage structure following Impoundment of a Great Plains river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029156","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblage structure following Impoundment of a Great Plains river","docAbstract":"Understanding the upstream and downstream effect of impoundments on stream fish assemblages is important in managing fish populations and predicting the effects of future human activities on stream ecosystems. We used information collected over a 41-year period (1960-2001) to assess changes in fish assemblage structure resulting from impoundment of the Laramie River by Grayrocks Reservoir. Prior to impoundment (i.e., 1960-1979), fish assemblages were dominated by native catostomids and cyprinids. After impoundment several exotic species (e.g., smallmouth bass [Micropterus dolomieu], walleye [Sander vitreus; formerly Stizostedion vitreum], yellow perch [Perca flavescens], brown trout [Salmo trutta]) were sampled from reaches upstream and downstream of the reservoir. Suckermouth minnows (Phenacobius mirabilis) were apparently extirpated, and hornyhead chubs (Nocomis biguttatus) and common shiners (Luxilus cornutus) became rare upstream of Grayrocks Reservoir. The lower Laramie River downstream from Grayrocks Reservoir near its mouth retains habitat characteristics similar to those prior to impoundment (e.g., shallow, braided channel morphology) and is the only downstream area where several sensitive species persist, including sucker-mouth minnows, hornyhead chubs, and bigmouth shiners (Notropis dorsalis). Grayrocks Reservoir serves as a source of exotic piscivores to both upstream and downstream reaches and has altered downstream habitat characteristics. These impacts have had a substantial influence on native fish assemblages. Our results suggest that upstream and downstream effects of impoundment on fish assemblage structure are similar and that downstream reaches which retain habitat characteristics similar to pre-impoundment conditions may serve as areas of refuge for native species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Quist, M., Hubert, W., and Rahel, F., 2005, Fish assemblage structure following Impoundment of a Great Plains river: Western North American Naturalist, v. 65, no. 1, p. 53-63.","startPage":"53","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a107be4b0c8380cd53cb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rahel, F.J.","contributorId":82037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahel","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029358,"text":"70029358 - 2005 - Use of prepositioned grid electrofishers for the collection of robust redhorse broodstock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70029358","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of prepositioned grid electrofishers for the collection of robust redhorse broodstock","docAbstract":"We investigated the potential of prepositioned grid electrofishers as a means of collecting broodstock for the rare robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum. We found that combined with visual observation, this technique allowed for the efficient capture of fish in breeding condition. We were able to harvest eggs in the field and bring only fertilized eggs into the hatchery. There was no need to induce spawning hormonally. Although their use is limited by water depth and clarity, prepositioned grid electrofishers used in conjunction with visual observation warrants further consideration as an effective tool for the collection of reproductively active broodstock for conservation purposes. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/A04-031.1","issn":"15222055","usgsCitation":"Grabowski, T., and Isely, J.J., 2005, Use of prepositioned grid electrofishers for the collection of robust redhorse broodstock: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 67, no. 2, p. 89-92, https://doi.org/10.1577/A04-031.1.","startPage":"89","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210783,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/A04-031.1"},{"id":237809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf5ce4b08c986b329afa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grabowski, T.B.","contributorId":48362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029067,"text":"70029067 - 2005 - Woody debris along an upland chronosequence in boreal Manitoba and its impact on long-term carbon storage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70029067","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Woody debris along an upland chronosequence in boreal Manitoba and its impact on long-term carbon storage","docAbstract":"This study investigated the role of fire-killed woody debris as a source of soil carbon in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands in Manitoba, Canada. We measured the amount of standing dead and downed woody debris along an upland chronosequence, including wood partially and completely covered by moss growth. Such woody debris is rarely included in measurement protocols and composed up to 26% of the total amount of woody debris in older stands, suggesting that it is important to measure all types of woody debris in ecosystems where burial by organic matter is possible. Based on these data and existing net primary production (NPP) values, we used a mass-balance model to assess the potential impact of fire-killed wood on long-term carbon storage at this site. The amount of carbon stored in deeper soil organic layers, which persists over millennia, was used to represent this long-term carbon. We estimate that between 10% and 60% of the deep-soil carbon is derived from wood biomass. Sensitivity analyses suggest that this estimate is most affected by the fire return interval, decay rate of wood, amount of NPP, and decay rate of the char (postfire) carbon pool. Landscape variations in these terms could account for large differences in deep-soil carbon. The model was less sensitive to fire consumption rates and to rates at which standing dead becomes woody debris. All model runs, however, suggest that woody debris plays an important role in long-term carbon storage for this area. ?? 2005 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/x04-179","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Manies, K., Harden, J., Bond-Lamberty, B., and O’Neill, K.P., 2005, Woody debris along an upland chronosequence in boreal Manitoba and its impact on long-term carbon storage: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 472-482, https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-179.","startPage":"472","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-179"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1b1e4b08c986b32f556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manies, K.L.","contributorId":23228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond-Lamberty, B. P.","contributorId":82917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond-Lamberty","given":"B. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neill, K. P.","contributorId":104935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029375,"text":"70029375 - 2005 - A space‐for‐time substitution reveals the long‐term decline in genotypic diversity of a widespread salt marsh plant, Spartina alterniflora, over a span of 1500 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T16:30:02.366143","indexId":"70029375","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A space‐for‐time substitution reveals the long‐term decline in genotypic diversity of a widespread salt marsh plant, Spartina alterniflora, over a span of 1500 years","title":"A space‐for‐time substitution reveals the long‐term decline in genotypic diversity of a widespread salt marsh plant, Spartina alterniflora, over a span of 1500 years","docAbstract":"Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris were radio-tracked in the Grand River and Cuivre River, Missouri, from late July until they moved to overwintering habitats in late October. Fish moved within a definable area, and although occasional long-distance movements occurred, the fish typically returned to the previously occupied area. Seasonal home range was calculated with the use of kernel density estimation, which can be interpreted as a probabilistic utilization distribution that documents the internal structure of the estimate by delineating portions of the range that was used a specified percentage of the time. A traditional linear range also was reported. Most flathead catfish (89%) had one 50% kernel-estimated core area, whereas 11% of the fish split their time between two core areas. Core areas were typically in the middle of the 90% kernel-estimated home range (58%), although several had core areas in upstream (26%) and downstream (16%) portions of the home range. Home-range size did not differ based on river, sex, or size and was highly variable among individuals. The median 95% kernel estimate was 1,085 m (range, 70– 69,090 m) for all fish. The median 50% kernel-estimated core area was 135 m (10–2,260 m). The median linear range was 3,510 m (150–50,400 m). Fish pairs with core areas in the same and neighboring pools had static joint space use values of up to 49% (area of intersection index), indicating substantial overlap and use of the same area. However, all fish pairs had low dynamic joint space use values (<0.07; coefficient of association), indicating that fish pairs were temporally segregated, rarely occurring in the same location at the same time.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/T04-064.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Vokoun, J.C., and Rabeni, C.F., 2005, Home range and space use patterns of flathead catfish during the summer-fall period in two Missouri streams: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 2, p. 509-517, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-064.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"517","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237772,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Cuivre River, Grand River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 39.28860847419942\n ],\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 39.51781418588603\n ],\n [\n -92.98278808593749,\n 39.51781418588603\n ],\n [\n -92.98278808593749,\n 39.28860847419942\n ],\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 39.28860847419942\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.10412597656249,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -91.10412597656249,\n 39.07037913108751\n ],\n [\n -90.55755615234375,\n 39.07037913108751\n ],\n [\n -90.55755615234375,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -91.10412597656249,\n 38.70694605159386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"134","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3202e4b0c8380cd5e44c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vokoun, Jason C.","contributorId":173912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vokoun","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029021,"text":"70029021 - 2005 - Peatlands and green frogs: A relationship regulated by acidity?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T12:36:19","indexId":"70029021","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1474,"text":"Écoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peatlands and green frogs: A relationship regulated by acidity?","docAbstract":"The effects of site acidification on amphibian populations have been thoroughly addressed in the last decades. However, amphibians in naturally acidic environments, such as peatlands facing pressure from the peat mining industry, have received little attention. Through two field studies and an experiment, I assessed the use of bog habitats by the green frog (Rana clamitans melanota), a species sensitive to various forestry and peat mining disturbances. First, I compared the occurrence and breeding patterns of frogs in bog and upland ponds. I then evaluated frog movements between forest and bog habitats to determine whether they corresponded to breeding or postbreeding movements. Finally, I investigated, through a field experiment, the value of bogs as rehydrating areas for amphibians by offering living Sphagnum moss and two media associated with uplands (i.e., water with pH ca 6.5 and water-saturated soil) to acutely dehydrated frogs. Green frog reproduction at bog ponds was a rare event, and no net movements occurred between forest and bog habitats. However, acutely dehydrated frogs did not avoid Sphagnum. Results show that although green frogs rarely breed in bogs and do not move en masse between forest and bog habitats, they do not avoid bog substrates for rehydrating, despite their acidity. Thus, bogs offer viable summering habitat to amphibians, which highlights the value of these threatened environments in terrestrial amphibian ecology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2980/i1195-6860-12-1-60.1","issn":"11956860","usgsCitation":"Mazerolle, M., 2005, Peatlands and green frogs: A relationship regulated by acidity?: Écoscience, v. 12, no. 1, p. 60-67, https://doi.org/10.2980/i1195-6860-12-1-60.1.","startPage":"60","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7622e4b0c8380cd77f3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazerolle, M. J. 0000-0002-0486-0310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-0310","contributorId":12957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazerolle","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029394,"text":"70029394 - 2005 - Strange bedfellows - A deep-water hermatypic coral reef superimposed on a drowned barrier island; Southern Pulley Ridge, SW Florida platform margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-27T14:49:45","indexId":"70029394","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strange bedfellows - A deep-water hermatypic coral reef superimposed on a drowned barrier island; Southern Pulley Ridge, SW Florida platform margin","docAbstract":"The southeastern component of a subtle ridge feature extending over 200 km along the western ramped margin of the south Florida platform, known as Pulley Ridge, is composed largely of a non-reefal, coastal marine deposit. Modern biostromal reef growth caps southern Pulley Ridge (SPR), making it the deepest hermatypic reef known in American waters. Subsurface ridge strata are layered, lithified, and display a barrier island geomorphology. The deep-water reef community is dominated by platy scleractinian corals, leafy green algae, and coralline algae. Up to 60% live coral cover is observed in 60-75 m of water, although only 1-2% of surface light is available to the reef community. Vertical reef accumulation is thin and did not accompany initial ridge submergence during the most recent sea-level rise. The delayed onset of reef growth likely resulted from several factors influencing Gulf waters during early stages of the last deglaciation (???14 kyr B.P.) including; cold, low-salinity waters derived from discrete meltwater pulses, high-frequency sea-level fluctuations, and the absence of modern oceanic circulation patterns. Currently, reef growth is supported by the Loop Current, the prevailing western boundary current that impinges upon the southwest Florida platform, providing warm, clear, low-nutrient waters to SPR. The rare discovery of a preserved non-reefal lowstand shoreline capped by rich hermatypic deep-reef growth on a tectonically stable continental shelf is significant for both accurate identification of late Quaternary sea-level position and in better constraining controls on the depth limits of hermatypic reefs and their capacity for adaptation to extremely low light levels. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2004.11.012","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Jarrett, B.D., Hine, A.C., Halley, R.B., Naar, D., Locker, S., Neumann, A., Twichell, D., Hu, C., Donahue, B., Jaap, W., Palandro, D., and Ciembronowicz, K., 2005, Strange bedfellows - A deep-water hermatypic coral reef superimposed on a drowned barrier island; Southern Pulley Ridge, SW Florida platform margin: Marine Geology, v. 214, no. 4, p. 295-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.11.012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"307","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Pulley Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84,\n 24\n ],\n [\n -82.5,\n 24\n ],\n [\n -82.5,\n 25.25\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 25.25\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 24\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"214","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b989ce4b08c986b31c0cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrett, B. D.","contributorId":27254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hine, A. C.","contributorId":21197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":87941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naar, D. F.","contributorId":80434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naar","given":"D. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Locker, S. D.","contributorId":81532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neumann, A.C.","contributorId":76070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neumann","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Twichell, D.","contributorId":53144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hu, C.","contributorId":75748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Donahue, B.T.","contributorId":12529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donahue","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jaap, W.C.","contributorId":6654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaap","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Palandro, D.","contributorId":102685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palandro","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ciembronowicz, K.","contributorId":77353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciembronowicz","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70029413,"text":"70029413 - 2005 - Secondary sulfate minerals associated with acid drainage in the eastern US: Recycling of metals and acidity in surficial environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:02:05","indexId":"70029413","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secondary sulfate minerals associated with acid drainage in the eastern US: Recycling of metals and acidity in surficial environments","docAbstract":"Weathering of metal-sulfide minerals produces suites of variably soluble efflorescent sulfate salts at a number of localities in the eastern United States. The salts, which are present on mine wastes, tailings piles, and outcrops, include minerals that incorporate heavy metals in solid solution, primarily the highly soluble members of the melanterite, rozenite, epsomite, halotrichite, and copiapite groups. The minerals were identified by a combination of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron-microprobe. Base-metal salts are rare at these localities, and Cu, Zn, and Co are commonly sequestered as solid solutions within Fe- and Fe-Al sulfate minerals. Salt dissolution affects the surface-water chemistry at abandoned mines that exploited the massive sulfide deposits in the Vermont copper belt, the Mineral district of central Virginia, the Copper Basin (Ducktown) mining district of Tennessee, and where sulfide-bearing metamorphic rocks undisturbed by mining are exposed in Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee. Dissolution experiments on composite salt samples from three minesites and two outcrops of metamorphic rock showed that, in all cases, the pH of the leachates rapidly declined from 6.9 to <3.7, and specific conductance increased gradually over 24 h. Leachates analyzed after 24-h dissolution experiments indicated that all of the salts provided ready sources of dissolved Al (>30 mg L-1), Fe (>47 mg L-1), sulfate (>1000 mg L-1), and base metals (>1000 mg L-1 for minesites, and 2 mg L-1 for other sites). Geochemical modeling of surface waters, mine-waste leachates, and salt leachates using PHREEQC software predicted saturation in the observed ochre minerals, but significant concentration by evaporation would be needed to reach saturation in most of the sulfate salts. Periodic surface-water monitoring at Vermont minesites indicated peak annual metal loads during spring runoff. At the Virginia site, where no winter-long snowpack develops, metal loads were highest during summer months when salts were dissolved periodically by rainstorms following sustained evaporation during dry spells. Despite the relatively humid climate of the eastern United States, where precipitation typically exceeds evaporation, salts form intermittently in open areas, persist in protected areas when temperature and relative humidity are appropriate, and contribute to metal loadings and acidity in surface waters upon dissolution, thereby causing short-term perturbations in water quality.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.053","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Hammarstrom, J.M., Seal, R., Meier, A.L., and Kornfeld, J., 2005, Secondary sulfate minerals associated with acid drainage in the eastern US: Recycling of metals and acidity in surficial environments: Chemical Geology, v. 215, no. 1-4 SPEC. ISS., p. 407-431, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.053.","startPage":"407","endPage":"431","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.053"}],"volume":"215","issue":"1-4 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b892be4b08c986b316d54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kornfeld, J.M.","contributorId":73001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kornfeld","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029502,"text":"70029502 - 2005 - Wildlife as valuable natural resources vs. intolerable pests: A suburban wildlife management model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029502","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3669,"text":"Urban Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildlife as valuable natural resources vs. intolerable pests: A suburban wildlife management model","docAbstract":"Management of wildlife in suburban environments involves a complex set of interactions between both human and wildlife populations. Managers need additional tools, such as models, that can help them assess the status of wildlife populations, devise and apply management programs, and convey this information to other professionals and the public. We present a model that conceptualizes how some wildlife populations can fluctuate between extremely low (rare, threatened, or endangered status) and extremely high (overabundant) numbers over time. Changes in wildlife abundance can induce changes in human perceptions, which continually redefine species as a valuable resource to be protected versus a pest to be controlled. Management programs thatincorporate a number of approaches and promote more stable populations of wildlife avoid the problems of the resource versus pest transformation, are less costly to society, and encourage more positive and less negative interactions between humans and wildlife. We presenta case example of the beaver Castor canadensis in Massachusetts to illustrate how this model functions and can be applied. ?? 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Urban Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11252-005-4379-5","issn":"10838155","usgsCitation":"DeStefano, S., and Deblinger, R., 2005, Wildlife as valuable natural resources vs. intolerable pests: A suburban wildlife management model: Urban Ecosystems, v. 8, no. 2 SPEC. ISS., p. 179-190, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-005-4379-5.","startPage":"179","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210760,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-005-4379-5"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0e4e4b08c986b32f10d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deblinger, R.D.","contributorId":8946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deblinger","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029504,"text":"70029504 - 2005 - LogCauchy, log-sech and lognormal distributions of species abundances in forest communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029504","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"LogCauchy, log-sech and lognormal distributions of species abundances in forest communities","docAbstract":"Species-abundance (SA) pattern is one of the most fundamental aspects of biological community structure, providing important information regarding species richness, species-area relation and succession. To better describe the SA distribution (SAD) in a community, based on the widely used lognormal (LN) distribution model with exp(-x2) roll-off on Preston's octave scale, this study proposed two additional models, logCauchy (LC) and log-sech (LS), respectively with roll-offs of simple x-2 and e-x. The estimation of the theoretical total number of species in the whole community, S*, including very rare species not yet collected in sample, was derived from the left-truncation of each distribution. We fitted these three models by Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear regression and measured the model fit to the data using coefficient of determination of regression, parameters' t-test and distribution's Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. Examining the SA data from six forest communities (five in lower subtropics and one in tropics), we found that: (1) on a log scale, all three models that are bell-shaped and left-truncated statistically adequately fitted the observed SADs, and the LC and LS did better than the LN; (2) from each model and for each community the S* values estimated by the integral and summation methods were almost equal, allowing us to estimate S* using a simple integral formula and to estimate its asymptotic confidence internals by regression of a transformed model containing it; (3) following the order of LC, LS, and LN, the fitted distributions became lower in the peak, less concave in the side, and shorter in the tail, and overall the LC tended to overestimate, the LN tended to underestimate, while the LS was intermediate but slightly tended to underestimate, the observed SADs (particularly the number of common species in the right tail); (4) the six communities had some similar structural properties such as following similar distribution models, having a common modal octave and a similar proportion of common species. We suggested that what follows the LN distribution should follow (or better follow) the LC and LS, and that the LC, LS and LN distributions represent a \"sequential distribution set\" in which one can find a best fit to the observed SAD. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.011","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Yin, Z., Peng, S., Ren, H., Guo, Q., and Chen, Z., 2005, LogCauchy, log-sech and lognormal distributions of species abundances in forest communities: Ecological Modelling, v. 184, no. 2-4, p. 329-340, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.011.","startPage":"329","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210793,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.011"},{"id":237819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"184","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4945e4b0c8380cd68498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Z.-Y.","contributorId":8278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Z.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peng, S.-L.","contributorId":85762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"S.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ren, H.","contributorId":45273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, Z.-H.","contributorId":57261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Z.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029508,"text":"70029508 - 2005 - Loss estimates for a Puente Hills blind-thrust earthquake in Los Angeles, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029508","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss estimates for a Puente Hills blind-thrust earthquake in Los Angeles, California","docAbstract":"Based on OpenSHA and HAZUS-MH, we present loss estimates for an earthquake rupture on the recently identified Puente Hills blind-thrust fault beneath Los Angeles. Given a range of possible magnitudes and ground motion models, and presuming a full fault rupture, we estimate the total economic loss to be between $82 and $252 billion. This range is not only considerably higher than a previous estimate of $69 billion, but also implies the event would be the costliest disaster in U.S. history. The analysis has also provided the following predictions: 3,000-18,000 fatalities, 142,000-735,000 displaced households, 42,000-211,000 in need of short-term public shelter, and 30,000-99,000 tons of debris generated. Finally, we show that the choice of ground motion model can be more influential than the earthquake magnitude, and that reducing this epistemic uncertainty (e.g., via model improvement and/or rejection) could reduce the uncertainty of the loss estimates by up to a factor of two. We note that a full Puente Hills fault rupture is a rare event (once every ???3,000 years), and that other seismic sources pose significant risk as well. ?? 2005, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1898332","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., Seligson, H., Gupta, N., Gupta, V., Jordan, T., and Campbell, K., 2005, Loss estimates for a Puente Hills blind-thrust earthquake in Los Angeles, California: Earthquake Spectra, v. 21, no. 2, p. 329-338, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1898332.","startPage":"329","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210846,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1898332"},{"id":237890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49d4e4b0c8380cd68901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, E. H.","contributorId":86915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seligson, H.A.","contributorId":103860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seligson","given":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gupta, N.","contributorId":12252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gupta","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gupta, V.","contributorId":10959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gupta","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, T.H.","contributorId":83320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"T.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campbell, K.W.","contributorId":26309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029522,"text":"70029522 - 2005 - Response of seismicity to Coulomb stress triggers and shadows of the 1999 Mw=7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029522","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of seismicity to Coulomb stress triggers and shadows of the 1999 Mw=7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","docAbstract":"The correlation between static Coulomb stress increases and aftershocks has thus far provided the strongest evidence that stress changes promote seismicity, a correlation that the Chi-Chi earthquake well exhibits. Several studies have deepened the argument by resolving stress changes on aftershock focal mechanisms, which removes the assumption that the aftershocks are optimally oriented for failure. Here one compares the percentage of planes on which failure is promoted after the main shock relative to the percentage beforehand. For Chi-Chi we find a 28% increase for thrust and an 18% increase for strike-slip mechanisms, commensurate with increases reported for other large main shocks. However, perhaps the chief criticism of static stress triggering is the difficulty in observing predicted seismicity rate decreases in the stress shadows, or sites of Coulomb stress decrease. Detection of sustained drops in seismicity rate demands a long catalog with a low magnitude of completeness and a high seismicity rate, conditions that are met at Chi-Chi. We find four lobes with statistically significant seismicity rate declines of 40-90% for 50 months, and they coincide with the stress shadows calculated for strike-slip faults, the dominant faulting mechanism. The rate drops are evident in uniform cell calculations, 100-month time series, and by visual inspection of the M ??? 3 seismicity. An additional reason why detection of such declines has proven so rare emerges from this study: there is a widespread increase in seismicity rate during the first 3 months after Chi-Chi, and perhaps many other main shocks, that might be associated with a different mechanism. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003389","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ma, K., Chan, C., and Stein, R., 2005, Response of seismicity to Coulomb stress triggers and shadows of the 1999 Mw=7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 5, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003389.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210566,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003389"}],"volume":"110","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa67e4b0c8380cd862f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ma, K.-F.","contributorId":85371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"K.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chan, C.-H.","contributorId":18565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029574,"text":"70029574 - 2005 - Examining Neosho madtom reproductive biology using ultrasound and artificial photothermal cycles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T16:47:00","indexId":"70029574","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining Neosho madtom reproductive biology using ultrasound and artificial photothermal cycles","docAbstract":"We examined whether extended laboratory simulation of natural photothermal conditions could stimulate reproduction in the Neosho madtom Noturus placidus, a federally threatened species. For 3 years, a captive population of Neosho madtoms was maintained under simulated natural conditions and monitored routinely with ultrasound for reproductive condition. Female Neosho madtoms cycled in and out of spawning condition, producing and absorbing oocytes annually. Internal measurements made by means of ultrasound indicated the summer mean oocyte size remained consistent over the years, although estimated fecundity increased with increasing fish length. In the summer of 2001, after 3 years in the simulated natural environment, 13 out of 41 fish participated in 10 spawnings. Simulation of the natural photothermal environment, coupled with within-day temperature fluctuations during the spring rise, seemed important for the spawning of captive Neosho madtoms. The use of ultrasound to assess the reproductive status in Neosho madtoms was effective and resulted in negligible stress or injury to the fish. These procedures may facilitate future culture of this species and other madtoms Noturus spp., especially when species are rare, threatened, or endangered. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/A04-020.1","issn":"15222055","usgsCitation":"Bryan, J., Wildhaber, M., and Noltie, D.B., 2005, Examining Neosho madtom reproductive biology using ultrasound and artificial photothermal cycles: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 67, no. 3, p. 221-230, https://doi.org/10.1577/A04-020.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"230","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210763,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/A04-020.1"},{"id":237783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d9ae4b0c8380cd530e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, J.L.","contributorId":15328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noltie, Douglas B.","contributorId":70333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noltie","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029585,"text":"70029585 - 2005 - Drainage ditches facilitate frog movements in a hostile landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029585","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drainage ditches facilitate frog movements in a hostile landscape","docAbstract":"Ditches are common in landscapes influenced by agricultural, forestry, and peat mining activities, and their value as corridors remains unassessed. Pond-breeding amphibians can encounter hostile environments when moving between breeding, summering, or hibernation sites, and are likely to benefit from the presence of ditches in the landscape. Within a system consisting of ditch networks in bogs mined for peat in eastern New Brunswick, Canada, I quantified the breeding, survival, and movements of green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota) in drainage ditches and also surveyed peat fields. Frogs rarely ventured on peat fields and most individuals frequented drainage ditches containing water, particularly in late summer. Though frogs did not breed in ditches, their survival rate in ditches was high (88%). Ditches did not hinder frog movements, as frogs moved independently of the current. Results indicate that drainage ditches containing water enable some movements between habitats isolated by peat mining, in contrast to peat surfaces, and suggest they function as amphibian movement corridors. Thus, such drainage ditches may mitigate the effects of peat extraction on amphibian populations. At the very least, these structures provide an alternative to hostile peat surfaces. This study highlights that small-scale corridors are potentially valuable in population dynamics. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-004-3977-6","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Mazerolle, M., 2005, Drainage ditches facilitate frog movements in a hostile landscape: Landscape Ecology, v. 20, no. 5, p. 579-590, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-004-3977-6.","startPage":"579","endPage":"590","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210876,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-004-3977-6"},{"id":237931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03cee4b0c8380cd50665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazerolle, M. J. 0000-0002-0486-0310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-0310","contributorId":12957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazerolle","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028814,"text":"70028814 - 2005 - Hydrogen and oxygen isotope constraints on hydrothermal alteration of the Trinity peridotite, Klamath Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T20:30:53.385868","indexId":"70028814","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogen and oxygen isotope constraints on hydrothermal alteration of the Trinity peridotite, Klamath Mountains, California","docAbstract":"The Trinity peridotite represents a rare opportunity to examine a relatively fertile plagioclase peridotite that was exhumed and later subjected to intrusive events in a seafloor environment, followed by its emplacement and incorporation into a continent. Over 250 stable isotopic determinations on whole rocks and minerals elucidate the hydrothermal evolution of the Trinity complex. All three serpentine polymorphs are present in the Trinity peridotite; these separate on the basis of their δD values: antigorite, -46 < δD < -82‰ and lizardite and chrysotile, -90 < δD < -106 and -110 < δD < -136‰, respectively. Antigorite coexists with chlorite, talc, and tremolite in contact aureole assemblages associated with Silurian/Devonian gabbroic plutons. Lizardite and chrysotile alteration carries a meteoric signature, which suggests association with post-emplacement serpentinization, or overprinting of earlier low-temperature seafloor serpentinization. Regionally, contours of δD values exhibit bull's-eye patterns associated with the gabbroic plutons, with δD maxima coinciding with the blackwall alteration at the margins on the plutons. In contrast to the hydrogen isotope behavior, oxygen isotope values of the three polymorphs are indistinguishable, spanning the range 5.3 < δ18O< 7.5, and suggesting low integrated fluid fluxes and strongly 18O-shifted fluids. Inferred primary δ18O values for peridotite, gabbro, and late Mesozoic granodiorite indicate a progressive 18O enrichment with time for the source regions of the rocks. These isotopic signatures are consistent with the geology, petrochemistry, and geochronology of the Trinity massif, which indicate the following history: (1) lithospheric emplacement and cooling of the peridotite in an oceanic environment ~472 Ma; (2) intrusion of gabbroic plutons into cold peridotite in an arc environment between 435 and 404 Ma; and finally (3) intrusion of felsic plutons between 171 and 127 Ma, long after the peridotite was incorporated into the continental crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.47.2.203","usgsCitation":"Liakhovitch, V., Quick, J.E., and Gregory, R.T., 2005, Hydrogen and oxygen isotope constraints on hydrothermal alteration of the Trinity peridotite, Klamath Mountains, California: International Geology Review, v. 47, no. 2, p. 203-214, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.47.2.203.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.14025878906249,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -122.61291503906249,\n 40.451127265872316\n ],\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n -122.61291503906249,\n 41.95540515378059\n ],\n [\n -124.1949462890625,\n 41.87774145109676\n ],\n [\n -124.0081787109375,\n 41.091772220976644\n ],\n [\n -123.88732910156249,\n 40.60978237983301\n ],\n [\n -123.12927246093751,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -123.14025878906249,\n 39.8928799002948\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3343e4b0c8380cd5ee84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liakhovitch, V.","contributorId":50707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liakhovitch","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quick, James E.","contributorId":21552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregory, R. T.","contributorId":101394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gregory","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}