Computer model simulations were run to determine the effects of dam removal on water temperatures along the Klamath River, located in south-central Oregon and northern California, using flow requirements defined in the 2010 Biological Opinion of the National Marine Fisheries Service. A one-dimensional, daily averaged water temperature model (River Basin Model-10) developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10, Seattle, Washington, was used in the analysis. This model had earlier been configured and calibrated for the Klamath River by the U.S. Geological Survey for the U.S. Department of the Interior, Klamath Secretarial Determination to simulate the effects of dam removal on water temperatures for current (2011) and future climate change scenarios. The analysis for this report was performed outside of the scope of the Klamath Secretarial Determination process at the request of the Bureau of Reclamation Technical Services Office, Denver, Colorado.
For this analysis, two dam scenarios were simulated: “dams in” and “dams out.” In the “dams in” scenario, existing dams in the Klamath River were kept in place. In the “dams out” scenario, the river was modeled as a natural stream, without the J.C. Boyle, Copco1, Copco2, and Iron Gate Dams, for the entire simulation period. Output from the two dam scenario simulations included daily water temperatures simulated at 29 locations for a 50-year period along the Klamath River between river mile 253 (downstream of Link River Dam) and the Pacific Ocean. Both simulations used identical flow requirements, formulated in the 2010 Biological Opinion, and identical climate conditions based on the period 1961–2009.
Simulated water temperatures from January through June at almost all locations between J.C. Boyle Reservoir and the Pacific Ocean were higher for the “dams out” scenario than for the “dams in” scenario. The simulated mean monthly water temperature increase was highest [1.7–2.2 degrees Celsius (°C)] in May downstream of Iron Gate Dam. However, from August to December, dam removal generally cooled water temperatures. During these months, water temperatures decreased 1°C or more between Copco Lake and locations 50 miles or more downstream. The greatest mean monthly temperature decrease was 4°C in October just downstream of Iron Gate Dam. Near the ocean, the effects of dam removal were small (less than 0.2°C) for most months. However, the mean November temperature near the ocean was almost 0.5°C cooler with dam removal.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111311","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., Brewer, S.J., and Perry, R.W., 2012, Simulated effects of dam removal on water temperatures along the Klamath River, Oregon and California, using 2010 Biological Opinion flow requirements: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1311, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111311.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1311.jpg"},{"id":112423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1311/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Oregon;California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,40 ], [ -125,43 ], [ -120,43 ], [ -120,40 ], [ -125,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f91e4b08c986b318fdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, Scott J. sbrewer@usgs.gov","contributorId":4407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Scott","email":"sbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":355778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042048,"text":"ofr20121218 - 2012 - Preliminary physical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geophysical data of the USGS South Dover Bridge Core, Talbot County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-14T13:03:01","indexId":"ofr20121218","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1218","title":"Preliminary physical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geophysical data of the USGS South Dover Bridge Core, Talbot County, Maryland","docAbstract":"The South Dover Bridge (SDB) corehole was drilled in October 2007 in Talbot County, Maryland. The main purpose for drilling this corehole was to characterize the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the aquifers and confining units of this region. The data obtained from this core also will be used as a guide to geologic mapping and to help interpret well data from the eastern part of the Washington East 1:100,000-scale map near the town of Easton, Md. Core drilling was conducted to a depth of 700 feet (ft). The Cretaceous section was not penetrated due to technical problems during drilling. This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center (EGPSC) as part of the Geology of the Atlantic Watersheds Project; this project was carried out in cooperation with the Maryland Geological Survey (MGS) through partnerships with the Aquifer Characterization Program of the USGS’s Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center and the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.\n\nThe SDB corehole was drilled by the USGS drilling crew in the northeastern corner of the Trappe 7.5-minute quadrangle, near the type locality of the Boston Cliffs member of the Choptank Formation. Geophysical logs (gamma ray, single point resistance, and 16-inch and 64-inch normal resistivity) were run to a depth of 527.5 ft; the total depth of 700.0 ft could not be reached because of the collapse of the lower part of the hole. Of the 700.0 ft drilled, 531.8 ft of core were recovered, representing a 76 percent core recovery. The elevation of the top of the corehole is approximately 12 ft above mean sea level; its coordinates are lat 38°44′49.34″N. and long 76°00′25.09″W. (38.74704N., 76.00697W. in decimal degrees).\n\nA groundwater monitoring well was not installed at this site. The South Dover Bridge corehole was the first corehole that will be used to better understand the geology and hydrology of the Maryland Eastern Shore.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121218","usgsCitation":"Aleman Gonzalez, W.B., Powars, D.S., Seefelt, E., Edwards, L.E., Self-Trail, J.M., Durand, C.T., Schultz, A.P., and McLaughlin, P., 2012, Preliminary physical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geophysical data of the USGS South Dover Bridge Core, Talbot County, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1218, Report: vi, 16 p.; Download Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121218.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 16 p.; Download Report","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":240,"text":"Eastern Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1218.jpg"},{"id":264685,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1218/ofr2012-1218_MainBody.pdf"},{"id":264686,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1218/ofr2012-1218.zip"},{"id":264684,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1218/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","county":"Talbot County","otherGeospatial":"South Dover Bridge Corehole","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.45,38.58 ], [ -76.45,38.94 ], [ -75.89,38.94 ], [ -75.89,38.58 ], [ -76.45,38.58 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d49676e4b0c6073c901f55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleman Gonzalez, Wilma B.","contributorId":98123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleman Gonzalez","given":"Wilma","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seefelt, Ellen 0000-0001-6822-7402 eseefelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6822-7402","contributorId":2953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seefelt","given":"Ellen","email":"eseefelt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean M. jstrail@usgs.gov","contributorId":2205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Durand, Colleen T.","contributorId":80495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durand","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schultz, Arthur P. aschultz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Arthur","email":"aschultz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McLaughlin, Peter P.","contributorId":40023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Peter P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":58155,"text":"ofr20041344 - 2012 - Version 3.0 of EMINERS - Economic Mineral Resource Simulator","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":50697,"text":"ofr02380 - 2002 - EMINERS -- An Economic Mineral Resource Simulator","indexId":"ofr02380","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"EMINERS -- An Economic Mineral Resource Simulator"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":58155,"text":"ofr20041344 - 2012 - Version 3.0 of EMINERS - Economic Mineral Resource Simulator","indexId":"ofr20041344","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Version 3.0 of EMINERS - Economic Mineral Resource Simulator"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-03T17:03:08","indexId":"ofr20041344","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T02:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1344","title":"Version 3.0 of EMINERS - Economic Mineral Resource Simulator","docAbstract":"Quantitative mineral resource assessment, as developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), consists of three parts: (1) development of grade and tonnage mineral deposit models; (2) delineation of tracts permissive for each deposit type; and (3) probabilistic estimation of the numbers of undiscovered deposits for each deposit type. The estimate of the number of undiscovered deposits at different levels of probability is the input to the EMINERS (Economic Mineral Resource Simulator) program. EMINERS uses a Monte Carlo statistical process to combine probabilistic estimates of undiscovered mineral deposits with models of mineral deposit grade and tonnage to estimate mineral resources. Version 3.0 of the EMINERS program is available as this USGS Open-File Report 2004-1344. Changes from version 2.0 include updating 87 grade and tonnage models, designing new templates to produce graphs showing cumulative distribution and summary tables, and disabling economic filters. The economic filters were disabled because embedded data for costs of labor and materials, mining techniques, and beneficiation methods are out of date. However, the cost algorithms used in the disabled economic filters are still in the program and available for reference for mining methods and milling techniques. The release notes included with this report give more details on changes in EMINERS over the years. EMINERS is written in C++ and depends upon the Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 programming environment. The code depends heavily on the use of Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) for implementation of the Windows interface. The program works only on Microsoft Windows XP or newer personal computers. It does not work on Macintosh computers. For help in using the program in this report, see the \"Quick-Start Guide for Version 3.0 of EMINERS-Economic Mineral Resource Simulator\" (W.J. Bawiec and G.T. Spanski, 2012, USGS Open-File Report 2009-1057, linked at right). It demonstrates how to execute EMINERS software using default settings and existing deposit models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Gelogical Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041344","collaboration":"Version 3.0 is an update to USGS Open-File Report 2004-1344, which originally was version 2.0 of EMINERS by J.S. Duval","usgsCitation":"Duval, J.S., 2012, Version 3.0 of EMINERS - Economic Mineral Resource Simulator (Version 3.0 of EMINERS updates version 2.0; Version 2.0 supersedes Open-File Report 2002-0380): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1344, Readme: 4 p.; EMINERS Verison 3.0 Zip; Release Notes: 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041344.","productDescription":"Readme: 4 p.; EMINERS Verison 3.0 Zip; Release Notes: 4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2004_1344.jpg"},{"id":5769,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1344/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 3.0 of EMINERS updates version 2.0; Version 2.0 supersedes Open-File Report 2002-0380","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697c48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005585,"text":"ofr20111258 - 2011 - Notes on interpretation of geophysical data over areas of mineralization in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-15T09:44:52","indexId":"ofr20111258","displayToPublicDate":"2020-01-15T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1258","displayTitle":"Notes on Interpretation of Geophysical Data Over Areas of Mineralization in Afghanistan","title":"Notes on interpretation of geophysical data over areas of mineralization in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"Afghanistan has the potential to contain substantial metallic mineral resources. Although valuable mineral deposits have been identified, much of the country’s potential remains unknown. Geophysical surveys, particularly those conducted from airborne platforms, are a well-accepted and cost-effective method for obtaining information on the geological setting of a given area. This report summarizes interpretive findings from various geophysical surveys over selected mineral targets in Afghanistan, highlighting what existing data tell us. These interpretations are mainly qualitative in nature, because of the low resolution of available geophysical data.
Geophysical data and simple interpretations are included for these six areas and deposit types: (1) Aynak: Sedimentary-hosted copper; (2) Zarkashan: Porphyry copper; (3) Kundalan: Porphyry copper; (4) Dusar Shaida: Volcanic-hosted massive sulphide; (5) Khanneshin: Carbonatite-hosted rare earth element; and (6) Chagai Hills: Porphyry copper.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111258","usgsCitation":"Drenth, B.J., 2011, Notes on interpretation of geophysical data over areas of mineralization in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011–1258, 13 p.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371064,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1258/ofr20111258.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2011-1258"},{"id":371063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1258/coverthb4.jpg"}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60,29 ], [ 60,38 ], [ 75,38 ], [ 75,29 ], [ 60,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 964
Denver, CO 80225
As part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations (TFBSO) natural resources revitalization activities in Afghanistan (Peters and others, 2011), three new datasets have been collected, compiled, and analyzed. These data have been used to more fully evaluate the areas of interest (AOIs; fig. 1 ) where, on the basis of previous U.S.S.R. and Afghanistan studies, the opportunity for early economic development of a number of different mineral, commodity, and deposit types had been identified (Peters and others, 2007; Peters and others, 2011). The new data compilations include (1) regional magnetic and gravity data for use in the characterization of subsurface composition and structure (Sweeney and others, 2006a,b; Ashan and others, 2007; Sweeney and others, 2007; Ashan and others, 2008; Shenwary and others, 2011), (2) Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data to identify and evaluate surficial alteration patterns related to industrial minerals and other selected targets, and (3) HyMap imaging spectrometer data for characterization and mapping of surficial mineralogy (Cocks and others, 1998; Kokaly and others, 2008; Peters and others, 2011). These datasets have served as fundamental building blocks for the resource evaluation by Peters and others (2011).
During the independent analysis of the geophysical, ASTER, and imaging spectrometer (HyMap) data by USGS scientists, previously unrecognized targets of potential mineralization were identified using evaluation criteria most suitable to the individual dataset. These anomalous zones offer targets of opportunity that warrant additional field verification. This report describes the standards used to define the anomalies, summarizes the results of the evaluations for each type of data, and discusses the importance and implications of regions of anomaly overlap between two or three of the datasets.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111229","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"King, T.V.V., Johnson, M.R., Hubbard, B.E., and Drenth, B.J., eds., 2011, Identification of mineral resources in Afghanistan—Detecting and mapping resource anomalies in prioritized areas using geophysical and remote sensing (ASTER and HyMap) data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011–1229, 327 p.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 327 p.; Dataset; 4 Figures","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":537,"text":"Projects in Afghanistan","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1229/coverthb.png"},{"id":370552,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1229/ofr20111229.pdf","text":"Report","size":"193 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1229"},{"id":370553,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1229/report/figures/GEO.zip","text":"Geophysical figures","size":"19.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":370554,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1229/report/figures/AST.zip","text":"ASTER figures","size":"95.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":370555,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1229/report/figures/HSD.zip","text":"HyMap hyperspectral figures","size":"251 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":370556,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1229/report/figures/Map.zip","text":"Maps","size":"4.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":370557,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1229/ofr20111229_dataset.zip","size":"200 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60,29.5 ], [ 60,38.5 ], [ 73.5,38.5 ], [ 73.5,29.5 ], [ 60,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Visit the USGS Projects in Afghanistan website
","tableOfContents":"The April 4, 2010 (Mw7.2), El Mayor-Cucapah, Baja California, Mexico, earthquake is the strongest earthquake to shake the Salton Trough area since the 1992 (Mw7.3) Landers earthquake. Similar to the Landers event, ground-surface fracturing occurred on multiple faults in the trough. However, the 2010 event triggered surface slip on more faults in the central Salton Trough than previous earthquakes, including multiple faults in the Yuha Desert area, the southwestern section of the Salton Trough. In the central Salton Trough, surface fracturing occurred along the southern San Andreas, Coyote Creek, Superstition Hills, Wienert, Kalin, and Imperial Faults and along the Brawley Fault Zone, all of which are known to have slipped in historical time, either in primary (tectonic) slip and/or in triggered slip. Surface slip in association with the El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake is at least the eighth time in the past 42 years that a local or regional earthquake has triggered slip along faults in the central Salton Trough. In the southwestern part of the Salton Trough, surface fractures (triggered slip) occurred in a broad area of the Yuha Desert. This is the first time that triggered slip has been observed in the southwestern Salton Trough.
\nTriggered slip in the Yuha Desert area occurred along more than two dozen faults, only some of which were recognized before the April 4, 2010, El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. From east to northwest, slip occurred in seven general areas: (1) in the Northern Centinela Fault Zone (newly named), (2) along unnamed faults south of Pinto Wash, (3) along the Yuha Fault (newly named), (4) along both east and west branches of the Laguna Salada Fault, (5) along the Yuha Well Fault Zone (newly revised name) and related faults between it and the Yuha Fault, (6) along the Ocotillo Fault (newly named) and related faults to the north and south, and (7) along the southeasternmost section of the Elsinore Fault. Faults that slipped in the Yuha Desert area include northwest-trending right-lateral faults, northeast-trending left-lateral faults, and north-south faults, some of which had dominantly vertical offset. Triggered slip along the Ocotillo and Elsinore Faults appears to have occurred only in association with the June 14, 2010 (Mw5.7), aftershock. This aftershock also resulted in slip along other faults near the town of Ocotillo. Triggered offset on faults in the Yuha Desert area was mostly less than 20 mm, with three significant exceptions, including slip of about 50–60 mm on the Yuha Fault, 40 mm on a fault south of Pinto Wash, and about 85 mm on the Ocotillo Fault. All triggered slips in the Yuha Desert area occurred along preexisting faults, whether previously recognized or not.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101333","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey; University of Oregon; University of Colorado; University of California, San Diego; and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.","usgsCitation":"Rymer, M.J., Treiman, J.A., Kendrick, K.J., Lienkaemper, J.J., Weldon, R., Bilham, R.G., Wei, M., Fielding, E.J., Hernandez, J.L., Olson, B., Irvine, P.J., Knepprath, N., Sickler, R.R., Tong, X., and Siem, M.E., 2011, Triggered surface slips in southern California associated with the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah, Baja California, Mexico, earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1333, vi, 49 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101333.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1333.gif"},{"id":204743,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1333/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Mexico","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Baja California;Salton Trough","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,32 ], [ -116.75,34 ], [ -115.16666666666667,34 ], [ -115.16666666666667,32 ], [ -116.75,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb851e4b08c986b3277ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rymer, Michael J. mrymer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Treiman, Jerome A.","contributorId":75010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treiman","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendrick, Katherine J. 0000-0002-9839-6861 kendrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-6861","contributorId":2716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"Katherine","email":"kendrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science 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0000-0002-5547-4102","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5547-4102","contributorId":48200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilham","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wei, Meng","contributorId":53662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Meng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fielding, Eric J.","contributorId":99837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hernandez, Janis L.","contributorId":90603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez","given":"Janis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Olson, Brian","contributorId":56519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Irvine, Pamela J.","contributorId":45190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Knepprath, Nichole","contributorId":18233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepprath","given":"Nichole","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sickler, Robert R. 0000-0002-9141-625X rsickler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-625X","contributorId":3235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickler","given":"Robert","email":"rsickler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tong, Xiaopeng","contributorId":31267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tong","given":"Xiaopeng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Siem, Martin E.","contributorId":58524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siem","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70007352,"text":"ofr20111313 - 2011 - Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70007352,"text":"ofr20111313 - 2011 - Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011","indexId":"ofr20111313","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70040794,"text":"70040794 - 2012 - Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington","indexId":"70040794","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70040794,"text":"70040794 - 2012 - Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington","indexId":"70040794","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-15T14:36:54","indexId":"ofr20111313","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1313","title":"Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011","docAbstract":"We conducted an aerial helicopter survey between July 18 and July 25, 2011, to estimate abundance and trends of introduced mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) in the Olympic Mountains. The survey was the first since we developed a sightability correction model in 2008, which provided the means to estimate the number of mountain goats present in the surveyed areas and not seen during the aerial surveys, and to adjust for undercounting biases. Additionally, the count was the first since recent telemetry studies revealed that the previously defined survey zone, which was delineated at lower elevations by the 1,520-meter elevation contour, did not encompass all lands used by mountain goats during summer. We redefined the lower elevation boundary of survey units before conducting the 2011 surveys in an effort to more accurately estimate the entire mountain goat population. We surveyed 39 survey units, comprising 39 percent of the 59,615-hectare survey area. We estimated a mountain goat population of 344±44 (standard error, SE) in the expanded survey area. Based on this level of estimation uncertainty, the 95-percent confidence interval ranged from 258 to 430 mountain goats at the time of the survey. To permit comparisons of mountain goat populations between the 2004 and 2011 surveys, we recomputed population estimates derived from the 2004 survey using the newly developed bias correction methods, and we computed the 2004 and 2011 surveys based on comparable survey zone definitions (for example, using the boundaries of the 2004 survey). The recomputed estimates of mountain goat populations were 217±19 (SE) in 2004 and 303±41(SE) in 2011. The difference between the current 2011 population estimate (344±44[SE]) and the recomputed 2011 estimate (303±41[SE]) reflects the number of mountain goats counted in the expanded lower elevation portions of the survey zone added in 2011. We conclude that the population of mountain goats has increased in the Olympic Mountains at an average rate of 4.9±2.2(SE) percent annually since 2004. We caution that the estimated rate of population growth may be conservative if severe spring weather deterred some mountain goats from reaching the high-elevation survey areas during the 2011 surveys. If the estimated average rate of population growth were to remain constant in the future, then the population would double in approximately 14-15 years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, K., Happe, P., Griffin, P., Beirne, K., Hoffman, R., and Baccus, W., 2011, Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1313, iv, 16 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111313.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"16","temporalStart":"2011-07-18","temporalEnd":"2011-07-25","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1313.jpg"},{"id":115792,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1313/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,47.5 ], [ -124,48.083333333333336 ], [ -122.66666666666667,48.083333333333336 ], [ -122.66666666666667,47.5 ], [ -124,47.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5eb3e4b0c8380cd70bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt","contributorId":30681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Happe, Patricia","contributorId":83248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Happe","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, Paul C. pgriffin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Paul C.","email":"pgriffin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beirne, Katherine","contributorId":58754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beirne","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoffman, Roger","contributorId":102192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baccus, William","contributorId":22497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baccus","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70007297,"text":"ofr20111319 - 2011 - Geophysical, stratigraphic, and flow-zone logs of selected wells in Cayuga County, New York, 2001–2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ofr20111319","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-01T10:29:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1319","title":"Geophysical, stratigraphic, and flow-zone logs of selected wells in Cayuga County, New York, 2001–2011","docAbstract":"Geophysical logs were collected and analyzed along with bedrock core samples and bedrock outcrops to define the bedrock stratigraphy and flow zones penetrated by 93 monitor and water-supply wells in Cayuga County, New York. The work was completed from 2001 through 2011 as part of an investigation of volatile-organic compound contamination in the carbonate-bedrock aquifer system between Auburn and Union Springs. The borehole logs included gamma, caliper, wellbore image, fluid property, and flow logs. The log information was used with bedrock core samples to define the regional stratigraphy, evaluate flow zones within the bedrock aquifers, and develop and implement a multilevel monitoring design for groundwater levels and water quality within the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111319","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Eckhardt, D., Williams, J., and Anderson, J., 2011, Geophysical, stratigraphic, and flow-zone logs of selected wells in Cayuga County, New York, 2001–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1319, vi, 12 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111319.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1319.gif"},{"id":115771,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1319/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cayuga","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.71666666666667,42.8 ], [ -76.71666666666667,42.950833333333335 ], [ -8.050833333333333,42.950833333333335 ], [ -8.050833333333333,42.8 ], [ -76.71666666666667,42.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a288fe4b0c8380cd5a1fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eckhardt, David A.V.","contributorId":80233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"David A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, J. Alton","contributorId":56724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J. Alton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007209,"text":"ofr20111309 - 2011 - Provisional zircon and monazite uranium-lead geochronology for selected rocks from Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"ofr20111309","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1309","title":"Provisional zircon and monazite uranium-lead geochronology for selected rocks from Vermont","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of zircon and monazite uranium-lead (U-Pb) geochronologic analyses of 24 rock samples. The samples in this study were collected from mapped exposures identified while conducting either new, detailed (1:24,000-scale) geologic quadrangle mapping or reconnaissance mapping, both of which were used for compilation of the bedrock geologic map of Vermont. All of the collected samples were judged to be igneous rocks (either intrusive or extrusive) on the basis of field relations and geochemistry. The one exception is the Okemo Quartzite on Ludlow Mountain. These geochronologic data were used to supplement regional correlations between igneous suites on the basis of similar geochemistry and geologic mapping.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111309","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Vermont, Vermont Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Ratcliffe, N.M., and Walsh, G.J., 2011, Provisional zircon and monazite uranium-lead geochronology for selected rocks from Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1309, iii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111309.","productDescription":"iii, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1309.gif"},{"id":115696,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1309/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Vermont","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fb1e4b0c8380cd7f8e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007204,"text":"ofr20111265 - 2011 - Impact of mine and natural sources of mercury on water, sediment, and biota in Harley Gulch adjacent to the Abbott-Turkey Run mine, Lake County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T15:08:05.776269","indexId":"ofr20111265","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1265","title":"Impact of mine and natural sources of mercury on water, sediment, and biota in Harley Gulch adjacent to the Abbott-Turkey Run mine, Lake County, California","docAbstract":"Executive Summary
Stable-isotope data indicate that there are three sources of water that effect the composition and Hg concentration of waters in Harley Gulch: (1) meteoric water that dominates water chemistry during the wet season; (2) thermal water effluent from the Turkey Run mine that effects the chemistry at sample site HG1; and (3) cold connate groundwater that dominates water chemistry during the dry season as it upwells and reaches the surface. The results from sampling executed for this study suggest four distinct areas in Harley Gulch: (1) the contaminated West Fork of Harley Gulch, consisting of the stream immediately downstream from the mine area and the wetlands upstream from Harley Gulch canyon (sample sites HG1-HG2, (2) the East Fork of Harley Gulch, where no mining has occurred (sample site HG3), (3) sample sites HG4-HG7, where a seasonal influx of saline groundwater alters stream chemistry, and (4) sample sites HG7-HG10, downstream in Harley Gulch towards the confluence with Cache Creek.
West Fork: Mine Area and Wetlands
The concentration of Hg in both storm sediment and active channel sediment was highest at sample site HG1, immediately downstream from the mine. The highest concentrations of total Hg (HgT) in water also occurred at site HG1, and they decreased systematically downstream from the mine. The high concentration of HgT at site HG1 reflects input of thermal-water effluent from the Turkey Run mine which comprises most of the flow at this site during the dry season. During the May 2011 low-flow sampling, HgT concentration was very high at site HG1, but the maximum in HgT concentration occurred at sample site HG1.5 in the middle of the wetland area. The high concentration of HgT and isotopic chemistry at this site indicates that a significant input of connate groundwater into the creek at this location contributes to the high Hg concentration in water. At site HG1, just downstream from the thermal water input from the Turkey Run mine, water sampled in June 2010 was almost entirely composed of thermal-water effluent. During the storm sampling in March 2011, which resulted in the highest flows of the winter, thermal effluent was virtually undetectable at site HG1, and the water was all meteoric. During the May 2011 sampling event, the input of connate groundwater in the middle of the wetland area at site HG1.5 was dominant. Discharge from the adit and runoff from the mine contributes to the high Hg concentration at site HG1 under both high and low-flow conditions.
East Fork: Background
Hg levels in waters collected from the East Fork of Harley Gulch, where no mining has occurred, were as high as 32.8 parts per trillion (pptr). These levels of Hg in water are significantly higher than regional background Hg concentrations, which range from 4-7 pptr. These anomalous Hg concentrations are partially explained by the abundance of Hg-enriched groundwater in Harley Gulch.
Sites HG4-HG7
Downstream from the wetland, the aqueous concentration of HgT decreased, but remained above background levels as another input of connate groundwater occurs in the creek segment between sample sites HG4 and HG7. The input of connate groundwater in this segment of the creek is reflected in the increase in dissolved constituents characteristic of the connate groundwater, such as sulfate (SO4), chloride (Cl) and magnesium (Mg). Stable-isotope data for heavy isotopes d18O and d2D also confirm two areas of input of connate groundwater into Harley Gulch: the creek segment in the West Fork near sample site HG1.5 and the segment between sample sites HG4 and HG7. Downstream from the second area of input of connate groundwater, both HgF and HgT concentrations decrease similarly, but the percentage of Hg in the filtered fraction increases. The decreases in HgT and HgF between sample sites HG5 and HG7 suggests that this second source of connate groundwater to Harley Gulch is distinct from the Hg-enriched source that enters the middle of the wetlands at sample site HG1.5. During low-flow conditions in June 2010, input of connate groundwater increased from sample site HG4 and reached a maximum near sample site HG7, where it dominated creek water chemistry. Waters collected from sample site HG7 during the June 2010 sampling event were the heaviest isotopically and contained high concentrations of Cl and SO4, constituents that are characteristically high in the connate groundwater. Both above and below sample site HG7, the amount of connate groundwater in the creek water decreased.
Sites HG8-HG10
Sediment with high Hg concentration is present throughout the West Fork of Harley Gulch below the mine and in the upper part of the Harley Gulch main stem to just above sample site HG10. At the sample site furthest downstream, HG10, Hg concentration is at background levels, as are cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and tungsten (W), indicating that the sediment is not significantly contaminated with Hg from the mine.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111265","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Rytuba, J.J., Hothem, R.L., Brussee, B.E., and Goldstein, D., 2011, Impact of mine and natural sources of mercury on water, sediment, and biota in Harley Gulch adjacent to the Abbott-Turkey Run mine, Lake County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1265, ix, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111265.","productDescription":"ix, 105 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":663,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center-Menlo Park Office","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1265.gif"},{"id":115690,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1265/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394515,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1265/of2011-1265.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Harley Gulch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.47550010681154,\n 38.98630040014555\n ],\n [\n -122.46953487396239,\n 38.98913576852135\n ],\n [\n -122.46584415435791,\n 38.99210444428017\n ],\n [\n -122.46232509613036,\n 38.99610695603966\n ],\n [\n -122.45932102203369,\n 38.99847500223872\n ],\n [\n -122.45584487915039,\n 38.99994248405357\n ],\n [\n -122.45090961456299,\n 39.000642862372096\n ],\n [\n -122.44996547698975,\n 39.00231040189239\n ],\n [\n -122.44528770446779,\n 39.003977902109774\n ],\n [\n -122.4415111541748,\n 39.0037444544454\n ],\n [\n -122.44013786315918,\n 39.004478144510884\n ],\n [\n -122.43631839752197,\n 39.003777804158915\n ],\n [\n -122.43498802185059,\n 39.00371110471618\n ],\n [\n -122.42915153503418,\n 39.00727943658698\n ],\n [\n -122.4305248260498,\n 39.00941367990123\n ],\n [\n -122.43348598480225,\n 39.00948037396715\n ],\n [\n -122.43614673614502,\n 39.00954706797022\n ],\n [\n -122.44155406951904,\n 39.00797974227288\n ],\n [\n -122.4439573287964,\n 39.00864669362303\n ],\n [\n -122.44949340820312,\n 39.0077463078146\n ],\n [\n -122.451810836792,\n 39.0061455936338\n ],\n [\n -122.45803356170654,\n 39.004344746883135\n ],\n [\n -122.46138095855713,\n 39.00524517598894\n ],\n [\n -122.46442794799805,\n 39.003177506910475\n ],\n [\n -122.46743202209471,\n 39.00117647929471\n ],\n [\n -122.46923446655273,\n 38.99854170661785\n ],\n [\n -122.47047901153564,\n 38.997441076321095\n ],\n [\n -122.47116565704346,\n 38.996307075685365\n ],\n [\n -122.47318267822266,\n 38.99410572845627\n ],\n [\n -122.47464179992674,\n 38.992304575244454\n ],\n [\n -122.47610092163085,\n 38.99003639117867\n ],\n [\n -122.47871875762938,\n 38.98860206079838\n ],\n [\n -122.47550010681154,\n 38.98630040014555\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38c1e4b0c8380cd616a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brussee, Brianne E. 0000-0002-2452-7101 bbrussee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-7101","contributorId":4249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brussee","given":"Brianne","email":"bbrussee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldstein, Daniel N.","contributorId":87671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Daniel N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70007191,"text":"ofr20111315 - 2011 - Bathymetry and digital elevation models of Coyote Creek and Alviso Slough, South San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T18:09:19.490137","indexId":"ofr20111315","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-23T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1315","title":"Bathymetry and digital elevation models of Coyote Creek and Alviso Slough, South San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center completed three cruises to map the bathymetry of the main channel and shallow intertidal mudflats in the southernmost part of south San Francisco Bay. The three surveys were merged to generate comprehensive maps of Coyote Creek (from Calaveras Point east to the railroad bridge) and Alviso Slough (from the bay to the town of Alviso) to establish baseline bathymetry prior to the breaching of levees adjacent to Alviso and Guadalupe Sloughs as part of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project (http://www.southbayrestoration.org). Since 2010, the USGS has conducted fourteen additional surveys to monitor bathymetric change in this region as restoration progresses.
The bathymetric surveys were conducted using the state-of-the-art research vessel R/V Parke Snavely outfitted with an interferometric sidescan sonar for swath mapping in extremely shallow water. This publication provides high-resolution bathymetric data collected by the USGS. For the 2010 baseline survey we have merged the bathymetry with aerial lidar data that were collected for the USGS during the same time period to create a seamless, high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area. The series of bathymetric datasets are provided at 1 m resolution and the 2010 bathymetric/topographic DEM at 2 m resolution. The data are formatted as both X, Y, Z text files and ESRI Arc ASCII files that are accompanied by Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata.
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
The Las Conchas Fire during the summer of 2011 was the largest in recorded history for the state of New Mexico, burning 634 square kilometers in the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico. The burned landscape is now at risk of damage from postwildfire erosion, such as that caused by debris flows and flash floods. This report presents a preliminary hazard assessment of the debris-flow potential from 321 basins burned by the Las Conchas Fire. A pair of empirical hazard-assessment models developed using data from recently burned basins throughout the intermountain western United States was used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and volume of debris flows at the outlets of selected drainage basins within the burned area. The models incorporate measures of burn severity, topography, soils, and storm rainfall to estimate the probability and volume of debris flows following the fire.
In response to a design storm of 28.0 millimeters of rain in 30 minutes (10-year recurrence interval), the probabilities of debris flows estimated for basins burned by the Las Conchas Fire were greater than 80 percent for two-thirds (67 percent) of the modeled basins. Basins with a high (greater than 80 percent) probability of debris-flow occurrence were concentrated in tributaries to Santa Clara and Rio del Oso Canyons in the northeastern part of the burned area; some steep areas in the Valles Caldera National Preserve, Los Alamos, and Guaje Canyons in the east-central part of the burned area; tributaries to Peralta, Colle, Bland, and Cochiti canyons in the southwestern part of the burned area; and tributaries to Frijoles, Alamo, and Capulin Canyons in the southeastern part of the burned area (within Bandelier National Monument). Estimated debris-flow volumes ranged from 400 cubic meters to greater than 72,000 cubic meters. The largest volumes (greater than 40,000 cubic meters) were estimated for basins in Santa Clara, Los Alamos, and Water Canyons, and for two basins at the northeast edge of the burned area tributary to Rio del Oso and Vallecitos Creek.
The Combined Relative Debris-Flow Hazard Rankings identify the areas of highest probability of the largest debris flows. Basins with high Combined Relative Debris-Flow Hazard Rankings include upper Santa Clara Canyon in the northern section of the burn scar, and portions of Peralta, Colle, Bland, Cochiti, Capulin, Alamo, and Frijoles Canyons in the southern section of the burn scar. Three basins with high Combined Relative Debris-Flow Hazard Rankings also occur in areas upstream from the city of Los Alamos—the city is home to and surrounded by numerous technical sites for the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Potential debris flows in the burned area could affect the water supply for Santa Clara Pueblo and several recreational lakes, as well as recreational and archeological resources in Bandelier National Monument. Debris flows could damage bridges and culverts along State Highway 501 and other roadways. Additional assessment is necessary to determine if the estimated volume of material is sufficient to travel into areas downstream from the modeled basins along the valley floors, where they could affect human life, property, agriculture, and infrastructure in those areas. Additionally, further investigation is needed to assess the potential for debris flows to affect structures at or downstream from basin outlets and to increase the threat of flooding downstream by damaging or blocking flood mitigation structures. The maps presented here may be used to prioritize areas where erosion mitigation or other protective measures may be necessary within a 2- to 3-year window of vulnerability following the Las Conchas Fire.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111308","usgsCitation":"Tillery, A.C., Darr, M.J., Cannon, S.H., and Michael, J.A., 2011, Postwildfire preliminary debris flow hazard assessment for the area burned by the 2011 Las Conchas Fire in north-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1308, v, 11 p.; 3 Plates - Plate 1: 20.35 x 32.35 inches, Plate 2: 20.21 x 32.41 inches, Plate 3: 20.41 x 32.41 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111308.","productDescription":"v, 11 p.; 3 Plates - Plate 1: 20.35 x 32.35 inches, Plate 2: 20.21 x 32.41 inches, Plate 3: 20.41 x 32.41 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-06-01","temporalEnd":"2011-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1308.png"},{"id":112410,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1308/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.61749999999999,35.6 ], [ -106.61749999999999,36.08416666666667 ], [ -106.25083333333333,36.08416666666667 ], [ -106.25083333333333,35.6 ], [ -106.61749999999999,35.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ea0e4b0c8380cd7a65e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillery, Anne C. 0000-0002-9508-7908 atillery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-7908","contributorId":2549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillery","given":"Anne","email":"atillery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darr, Michael J. mjdarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darr","given":"Michael","email":"mjdarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006361,"text":"ofr20111316 - 2011 - Geochemical data from waters in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado, that span pre- and post-Lark Mine remediation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ofr20111316","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1316","title":"Geochemical data from waters in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado, that span pre- and post-Lark Mine remediation","docAbstract":"In San Juan County, Colorado, the effects of historical mining continue to contribute dissolved metals to groundwater and surface water. Water samples in Prospect Gulch near Silverton, Colorado, were collected at selected locations that span pre- and post-reclamation activities at the Lark Mine, located in the Prospect Gulch watershed. Geochemical results from those water samples are presented in this report. Water samples were analyzed for specific conductance, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen with handheld field meters, and metals were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111316","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., Yager, D.B., and Johnson, H.D., 2011, Geochemical data from waters in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado, that span pre- and post-Lark Mine remediation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1316, vii, 4 p.; XLS Downloads of Tables 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111316.","productDescription":"vii, 4 p.; XLS Downloads of Tables 1-3","startPage":"i","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1316.png"},{"id":112396,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1316/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"San Juan County","otherGeospatial":"Prospect Gulch","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.68416666666667,37.86666666666667 ], [ -107.68416666666667,37.9 ], [ -107.66666666666667,37.9 ], [ -107.66666666666667,37.86666666666667 ], [ -107.68416666666667,37.86666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a161de4b0c8380cd55053","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Hugh D.","contributorId":69701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}