Desertification is a global problem, costly to national economies and human societies. Restoration of biological soil crusts (BSCs) may have an important role to play in the reversal of desertification due to their ability to decrease erosion and enhance soil fertility. To determine if there is evidence that lower fertility may hinder BSC recolonization, we investigated the hypothesis that BSC abundance is driven by soil nutrient concentrations. At a regional scale (north and central Colorado Plateau, USA), moss and lichen cover and richness are correlated with a complex water–nutrient availability gradient and have approximately six-fold higher cover and approximately two-fold higher species richness on sandy soils than on shale-derived soils. At a microscale, mosses and lichens are overrepresented in microhabitats under the north sides of shrub canopies, where water and nutrients are more available. At two spatial scales, and at the individual species and community levels, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that distributions of BSC organisms are determined largely by soil fertility. The micronutrients Mn and Zn figured prominently and consistently in the various analyses, strongly suggesting that these elements are previously unstudied limiting factors in BSC development. Structural-equation modeling of our data is most consistent with the hypothesis of causal relationships between the availability of micronutrients and the abundance of the two major nitrogen (N) fixers of BSCs. Specifically, higher Mn availability may determine greater Collema tenax abundance, and both Mn and Zn may limit Collema coccophorum; alternative causal hypotheses were less consistent with the data. We propose experimental trials of micronutrient addition to promote the restoration of BSC function on disturbed lands. Arid lands, where BSCs are most prevalent, cover ∼40% of the terrestrial surface of the earth; thus the information gathered in this study is potentially useful in many places worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/04-1959","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Belnap, J., Davidson, D.W., and Phillips, S.L., 2005, Evidence for micronutrient limitation of biological soil crusts: Importance to arid-lands restoration: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1941-1951, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1959.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1941","endPage":"1951","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d4ae4b0c8380cd52f17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. A.","contributorId":18901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davidson, D. W.","contributorId":52389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, S. L.","contributorId":94460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027956,"text":"70027956 - 2005 - Empirical relations between elastic wavespeeds and density in the Earth's crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70027956","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical relations between elastic wavespeeds and density in the Earth's crust","docAbstract":"A compilation of compressional-wave (Vp) and shear-wave (Vs) velocities and densities for a wide variety of common lithologies is used to define new nonlinear, multivalued, and quantitative relations between these properties for the Earth's crust. Wireline borehole logs, vertical seismic profiles, laboratory measurements, and seismic tomography models provide a diverse dataset for deriving empirical relations between crustal Vp and Vs. The proposed Vs as a function of Vp relations fit Vs and Vp borehole logs in Quaternary alluvium and Salinian granites as well as laboratory measurements over a 7-km/sec-wide range in Vp. The relations derived here are very close to those used to develop a regional 3D velocity model for southern California, based on pre-1970 data, and thus provide support for that model. These data, and these relations, show a rapid increase in Vs as Vp increases to 3.5 km/sec leading to higher shear-wave velocities in young sedimentary deposits than commonly assumed. These relations, appropriate for active continental margins where earthquakes are prone to occur, suggests that amplification of strong ground motions by shallow geologic deposits may not be as large as predicted by some earlier models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050077","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., 2005, Empirical relations between elastic wavespeeds and density in the Earth's crust: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 6, p. 2081-2092, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050077.","startPage":"2081","endPage":"2092","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210328,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050077"}],"volume":"95","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0910e4b0c8380cd51dad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027992,"text":"70027992 - 2005 - Influence of waves and horseshoe crab spawning on beach morphology and sediment grain-size characteristics on a sandy estuarine beach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70027992","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of waves and horseshoe crab spawning on beach morphology and sediment grain-size characteristics on a sandy estuarine beach","docAbstract":"The effects of wave action and horseshoe crab spawning on the topography and grain-size characteristics on the foreshore of an estuarine sand beach in Delaware Bay, New Jersey, USA were evaluated using data collected over six consecutive high tides. Data were gathered inside and outside a 25 m long exclosure constructed to create a control area free of disturbance by crabs. The density of crabs in the swash zone outside the exclosure was 8??1 organisms m-2. The maximum depth of sediment activation on the upper foreshore where spawning occurred was 0??103 m during periods characterized by low significant wave heights: < 0??08 m. This depth is greater than the depth of activation by waves alone during moderate significant wave heights of 0??16 - 0??18 m but less than the maximum depth (0??127 m) recorded when spawning occurred during periods of moderate wave heights. Spawning, combined with moderate wave heights, creates a concave upper foreshore that is similar to the type of profile change that occurs during storms, thus lowering the wave-energy threshold for morphological response. Spawning during low wave heights increases the mean grain size and sorting of surface sediments caused by the addition of gravel to the swash. Sedimentological differences are most pronounced on the upper foreshore, and data from this location may be most useful when using grain-size characteristics to interpret the effect of spawning in the sedimentary record. Depths of sediment reworking by horseshoe crabs can be greater than those by subsequent storm waves, so evidence of spawning can be preserved on non-eroding beaches. Greater depth of activation by horseshoe crab spawning than by waves alone, even during moderate-energy conditions, reveals the importance of crab burrowing in releasing eggs to the water column and making them available for shore birds. ?? 2005 International Association of Sedimentologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00725.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Jackson, N., Nordstrom, K., and Smith, D., 2005, Influence of waves and horseshoe crab spawning on beach morphology and sediment grain-size characteristics on a sandy estuarine beach: Sedimentology, v. 52, no. 5, p. 1097-1108, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00725.x.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1108","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210304,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00725.x"},{"id":237185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b97e4b0c8380cd6269d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, N.L.","contributorId":104189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, K.F.","contributorId":17733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027998,"text":"70027998 - 2005 - Habitat and nesting of Le Conte's Sparrows in the northern tallgrass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:08:41","indexId":"70027998","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat and nesting of Le Conte's Sparrows in the northern tallgrass prairie","docAbstract":"Little is known about the breeding biology of the Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii), probably because of its secretive nature. We provide new information on several aspects of Le Conte's Sparrow breeding biology, including rates of nest parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and potential factors affecting breeding densities and nesting success of the species. Our study was conducted in the tallgrass prairie of northwestern Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota during 1998–2002. Breeding densities varied among years, but this variation was not clearly linked to climatic patterns. Vegetation had some influence on densities of Le Conte's Sparrows; densities were highest in grasslands with moderate amounts of bare ground. Prairie patch size and the percentage of shrubs and trees in the landscape had no recognizable influence on density. Nesting success was highly variable among sites and years and increased slightly with distance from trees. Rates of nest parasitism were low (1 of 50 nests parasitized), and clutch sizes were similar to those of other studies of Le Conte's Sparrows.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-76.1.61","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Winter, M., Shaffer, J.A., Johnson, D.H., Donovan, T., Svedarsky, W.D., Jones, P., and Euliss, B.R., 2005, Habitat and nesting of Le Conte's Sparrows in the northern tallgrass prairie: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 76, no. 1, p. 61-71, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-76.1.61.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2ef4e4b0c8380cd5c977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Maiken","contributorId":174790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Maiken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708 jshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":3184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Jill","email":"jshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donovan, Therese M. tdonovan@usgs.gov","contributorId":2653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese M.","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Svedarsky, W. Daniel","contributorId":52763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svedarsky","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, P.W.","contributorId":80387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":191881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":24583,"text":"former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70027942,"text":"70027942 - 2005 - United States geological survey's reserve-growth models and their implementation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70027942","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"United States geological survey's reserve-growth models and their implementation","docAbstract":"The USGS has developed several mathematical models to forecast reserve growth of fields both in the United States (U.S.) and the world. The models are based on historical reserve growth patterns of fields in the U.S. The patterns of past reserve growth are extrapolated to forecast future reserve growth. Changes of individual field sizes through time are extremely variable, therefore, the reserve growth models take on a statistical approach whereby volumetric changes for populations of fields are used in the models. Field age serves as a measure of the field-development effort that is applied to promote reserve growth. At the time of the USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000, a reserve growth model for discovered fields of the world was not available. Reserve growth forecasts, therefore, were made based on a model of historical reserve growth of fields of the U.S. To test the feasibility of such an application, reserve growth forecasts were made of 186 giant oil fields of the world (excluding the U.S. and Canada). In addition, forecasts were made for these giant oil fields subdivided into those located in and outside of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The model provided a reserve-growth forecast that closely matched the actual reserve growth that occurred from 1981 through 1996 for the 186 fields as a whole, as well as for both OPEC and non-OPEC subdivisions, despite the differences in reserves definition among the fields of the U.S. and the rest of the world. ?? 2005 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-005-8079-x","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Klett, T., 2005, United States geological survey's reserve-growth models and their implementation, in Natural Resources Research, v. 14, no. 3, p. 249-264, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-005-8079-x.","startPage":"249","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210167,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-005-8079-x"},{"id":237005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcd1e4b08c986b328e22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027939,"text":"70027939 - 2005 - ATLSS data viewer: A tool to analyze and display ATLSS model outputs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027939","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ATLSS data viewer: A tool to analyze and display ATLSS model outputs","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceTitle":"2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceDate":"19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA","language":"English","isbn":"0784407630","usgsCitation":"Hartley, S., and Johnston, J., 2005, ATLSS data viewer: A tool to analyze and display ATLSS model outputs, in Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges, Williamsburg, VA, 19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005.","startPage":"1293","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e639e4b0c8380cd4727d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moglen G.E.","contributorId":128404,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moglen G.E.","id":536632,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hartley, S. 0000-0003-1380-2769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-2769","contributorId":21663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartley","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, J.","contributorId":33519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027937,"text":"70027937 - 2005 - Modeling downstream fining in sand-bed rivers. I: Formulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T15:36:54.601692","indexId":"70027937","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2339,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling downstream fining in sand-bed rivers. I: Formulation","docAbstract":"In this paper a numerical modeling formulation is presented for simulation of the development of the longitudinal profile and bed sediment distribution in sand-bed rivers. The objective of the model application, which is presented in the companion paper (Wright and Parker, 2005), is to study the development of two characteristics of large, low-slope, sand-bed rivers: (1) a downstream decrease in bed slope (i.e. concave upward longitudinal profile) and (2) a downstream decrease in characteristic bed sediment diameter (e.g. the median bed surface size D 50). Three mechanisms that lead to an upward concave profile and downstream fining are included in the modeling formulation: (1) a delta prograding into standing water at the downstream boundary, (2) sea-level rise, and (3) tectonic subsidence. In the companion paper (Wright and Parker, 2005) the model is applied to simulate the development of the longitudinal profile and downstream fining in sand-bed rivers flowing into the ocean during the past 5000 years of relatively slow sea-level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00221680509500381","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., and Parker, G., 2005, Modeling downstream fining in sand-bed rivers. I: Formulation: Journal of Hydraulic Research, v. 43, no. 6, p. 613-620, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221680509500381.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"620","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bf0e4b0c8380cd6f8f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, S.","contributorId":54384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027931,"text":"70027931 - 2005 - Global pattern of trends in streamflow and water availability in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T13:55:58","indexId":"70027931","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global pattern of trends in streamflow and water availability in a changing climate","docAbstract":"Water availability on the continents is important for human health, economic activity, ecosystem function and geophysical processes. Because the saturation vapour pressure of water in air is highly sensitive to temperature, perturbations in the global water cycle are expected to accompany climate warming. Regional patterns of warming-induced changes in surface hydroclimate are complex and less certain than those in temperature, however, with both regional increases and decreases expected in precipitation and runoff. Here we show that an ensemble of 12 climate models exhibits qualitative and statistically significant skill in simulating observed regional patterns of twentieth-century multidecadal changes in streamflow. These models project 10–40% increases in runoff in eastern equatorial Africa, the La Plata basin and high-latitude North America and Eurasia, and 10–30% decreases in runoff in southern Africa, southern Europe, the Middle East and mid-latitude western North America by the year 2050. Such changes in sustainable water availability would have considerable regional-scale consequences for economies as well as ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature04312","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., Dunne, K., and Vecchia, A.V., 2005, Global pattern of trends in streamflow and water availability in a changing climate: Nature, v. 438, no. 7066, p. 347-350, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04312.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"350","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04312"},{"id":238005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"438","issue":"7066","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2953e4b0c8380cd5a870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, K.A.","contributorId":18920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vecchia, A. V.","contributorId":23533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027930,"text":"70027930 - 2005 - Use of decision support systems as a drought management tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027930","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of decision support systems as a drought management tool","docAbstract":"Droughts present a unique challenge to water managers throughout the world and the current drought in the western United States is taxing facilities to the limit. Coping with this severe drought requires state of the art decision support systems including efficient and accurate hydrologic process models, detailed hydrologic data bases and effective river systems management modeling frameworks. This paper will outline a system of models developed by the Bureau of Reclamation, the US Geological Survey, the University of Colorado and a number of other governmental and university partners. The application of the technology to drought management in several key western river basins will be discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceTitle":"2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceDate":"19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA","language":"English","isbn":"0784407630","usgsCitation":"Frevert, D., and Lins, H., 2005, Use of decision support systems as a drought management tool, in Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges, Williamsburg, VA, 19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005, p. 451-458.","startPage":"451","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbee0e4b08c986b32982a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moglen G.E.","contributorId":128404,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moglen G.E.","id":536630,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Frevert, D.","contributorId":24162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frevert","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lins, H.","contributorId":30431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027928,"text":"70027928 - 2005 - Outstanding issues for new geothermal resource assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027928","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Outstanding issues for new geothermal resource assessments","docAbstract":"A critical question for the future energy policy of the United States is the extent to which geothermal resources can contribute to an ever-increasing demand for electricity. Electric power production from geothermal sources exceeds that from wind and solar combined, yet the installed capacity falls far short of the geothermal resource base characterized in past assessments, even though the estimated size of the resource in six assessments completed in the past 35 years varies by thousands of Megawatts-electrical (MWe). The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) is working closely with the Department of Energy's (DOE) Geothermal Research Program and other geothermal organizations on a three-year effort to produce an updated assessment of available geothermal resources. The new assessment will introduce significant changes in the models for geothermal energy recovery factors, estimates of reservoir permeability, limits to temperatures and depths for electric power production, and include the potential impact of evolving Enhanced (or Engineered) Geothermal Systems (EGS) technology.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council 2005 Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"25 September 2005 through 28 September 2005","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","issn":"01935933","usgsCitation":"Williams, C., and Reed, M., 2005, Outstanding issues for new geothermal resource assessments, in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 29, Reno, NV, 25 September 2005 through 28 September 2005, p. 315-320.","startPage":"315","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71c9e4b0c8380cd76768","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, C.F. 0000-0003-2196-5496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":20401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":415820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, M.J.","contributorId":35308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027925,"text":"70027925 - 2005 - Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027925","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Forms, amounts, and accumulation of soil phosphorus (P) were measured in natural and recently restored marshes surrounding Upper Klamath Lake located in south-central Oregon, USA to determine rates of P accumulation in natural marshes and to assess changes in P pools caused by long-term drainage in recently restored marshes. Soil cores were collected from three natural marshes and radiometrically dated to determine recent (l37Cs-based) and long-term (210Pb-based) rates of peat accretion and P accumulation. A second set of soil cores collected from the three natural marshes and from three recently restored marshes was analyzed using a modification of the Hedley procedure to determine the forms and amounts of soil P. Total P in the recently restored marshes (222 to 311 ??g cm-3) was 2-3 times greater than in the natural marshes (103 to 117 ??g cm-3), primarily due to greater bulk density caused by soil subsidence, a consequence of long-term marsh drainage. Occluded Fe- and Al-bound Pi, calcium-bound Pi and residual P were 4 times, 22 times, and 5 times greater, respectively, in the recently restored marshes. More than 67% of the P pool in both the natural and recently restored marshes was present in recalcitrant forms (humic-acid P o and residual P) that provide long-term P storage in peat. Phosphorus accumulation in the natural marshes averaged 0.45 g m-2 yr-1 (137Cs) and 0.40 g m-2 yr-1 (210Pb), providing a benchmark for optimizing P sequestration in the recently restored marshes. Effective P sequestration in the recently restored marshes, however, will depend on re-establishing equilibrium between the P-enriched soils and the P concentration of floodwaters and a hydrologie regime similar to the natural marshes. ?? 2005, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0594:FAAOSP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Graham, S., Craft, C., McCormick, P., and Aldous, A., 2005, Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA: Wetlands, v. 25, no. 3, p. 594-606, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0594:FAAOSP]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"594","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211258,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0594:FAAOSP]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a135be4b0c8380cd54626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, S.A.","contributorId":82494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craft, C.B.","contributorId":7077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craft","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, P.V.","contributorId":93272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldous, A.","contributorId":105517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldous","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027924,"text":"70027924 - 2005 - Mountain plover population responses to black-tailed prairie dogs in Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027924","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mountain plover population responses to black-tailed prairie dogs in Montana","docAbstract":"We studied a local population of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) in southern Phillips County, Montana, USA, from 1995 to 2000 to estimate annual rates of recruitment rate (f) and population change (??). We used Pradel models, and we modeled ?? as a constant across years, as a linear time trend, as year-specific, and with an additive effect of area occupied by prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). We modeled recruitment rate (f) as a function of area occupied by prairie dogs with the remaining model structure identical to the best model used to estimate ??. Our results indicated a strong negative effect of area occupied by prairie dogs on both ?? (slope coefficient on a log scale was -0.11; 95% CI was -0.17, -0.05) and f (slope coefficient on a logit scale was -0.23; 95% CI was -0.36, -0.10). We also found good evidence for a negative time trend on ??; this model had substantial weight (wi = 0.31), and the slope coefficient on the linear trend on a log scale was -0.10 (95% CI was -0.15, -0.05). Yearly estimates of ?? were >1 in all years except 1999, indicating that the population initially increased and then stabilized in the last year of the study. We found weak evidence for year-specific estimates of ??; the best model with year-specific estimates had a low weight (wi = 0.02), although the pattern of yearly estimates of ?? closely matched those estimated with a linear time trend. In southern Phillips County, the population trend of mountain plovers closely matched the trend in the area occupied by black-tailed prairie dogs. Black-tailed prairie dogs declined sharply in the mid-1990s in response to an outbreak of sylvatic plague, but their numbers have steadily increased since 1996 in concert with increases in plovers. The results of this study (1) increase our understanding of the dynamics of this population and how they relate to the area occupied by prairie dogs, and (2) will be useful for planning plover conservation in a prairie dog ecosystem.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1546:MPPRTB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Dinsmore, S., White, G.C., and Knopf, F., 2005, Mountain plover population responses to black-tailed prairie dogs in Montana: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 4, p. 1546-1553, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1546:MPPRTB]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1546","endPage":"1553","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1546:MPPRTB]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5eb6e4b0c8380cd70c0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinsmore, S.J.","contributorId":85114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinsmore","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027923,"text":"70027923 - 2005 - Upper-crustal structure of the inner Continental Borderland near Long Beach, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027923","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper-crustal structure of the inner Continental Borderland near Long Beach, California","docAbstract":"A new P-wave velocity/structural model for the inner Continental Borderland (ICB) region was developed for the area near Long Beach, California. It combines controlled-source seismic reflection and refraction data collected during the 1994 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), multichannel seismic reflection data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (1998-2000), and nearshore borehole stratigraphy. Based on lateral velocity contrasts and stratigraphic variation determined from borehole data, we are able to locate major faults such as the Cabrillo, Palos Verdes, THUMS-Huntington Beach, and Newport Inglewood fault zones, along with minor faults such as the slope fault, Avalon knoll, and several other yet unnamed faults. Catalog seismicity (1975-2002) plotted on our preferred velocity/structural model shows recent seismicity is located on 16 out of our 24 faults, providing evidence for continuing concern with respect to the existing seismic-hazard estimates. Forward modeling of P-wave arrival times on the LARSE line 1 resulted in a four-layer model that better resolves the stratigraphy and geologic structures of the ICB and also provides tighter constraints on the upper-crustal velocity structure than previous modeling of the LARSE data. There is a correlation between the structural horizons identified in the reflection data with the velocity interfaces determined from forward modeling of refraction data. The strongest correlation is between the base of velocity layer 1 of the refraction model and the base of the planar sediment beneath the shelf and slope determined by the reflection model. Layers 2 and 3 of the velocity model loosely correlate with the diffractive crust layer, locally interpreted as Catalina Schist.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120040051","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Baher, S., Fuis, G., Sliter, R., and Normark, W.R., 2005, Upper-crustal structure of the inner Continental Borderland near Long Beach, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 5, p. 1957-1969, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040051.","startPage":"1957","endPage":"1969","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211236,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040051"},{"id":238477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd62e4b08c986b328fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baher, S.","contributorId":36710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baher","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, G. 0000-0002-3078-1544","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":41142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, R.","contributorId":66311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027922,"text":"70027922 - 2005 - Statistical analysis of water-quality data containing multiple detection limits: S-language software for regression on order statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027922","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical analysis of water-quality data containing multiple detection limits: S-language software for regression on order statistics","docAbstract":"Trace contaminants in water, including metals and organics, often are measured at sufficiently low concentrations to be reported only as values below the instrument detection limit. Interpretation of these \"less thans\" is complicated when multiple detection limits occur. Statistical methods for multiply censored, or multiple-detection limit, datasets have been developed for medical and industrial statistics, and can be employed to estimate summary statistics or model the distributions of trace-level environmental data. We describe S-language-based software tools that perform robust linear regression on order statistics (ROS). The ROS method has been evaluated as one of the most reliable procedures for developing summary statistics of multiply censored data. It is applicable to any dataset that has 0 to 80% of its values censored. These tools are a part of a software library, or add-on package, for the R environment for statistical computing. This library can be used to generate ROS models and associated summary statistics, plot modeled distributions, and predict exceedance probabilities of water-quality standards. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2005.03.012","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Lee, L., and Helsel, D., 2005, Statistical analysis of water-quality data containing multiple detection limits: S-language software for regression on order statistics: Computers & Geosciences, v. 31, no. 10, p. 1241-1248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.03.012.","startPage":"1241","endPage":"1248","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211211,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.03.012"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9717e4b08c986b31b894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, L.","contributorId":77730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helsel, D.","contributorId":94492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027921,"text":"70027921 - 2005 - Geochemistry and jasper beds from the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: origin of proximal and distal siliceous exhalites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T10:02:55","indexId":"70027921","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and jasper beds from the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: origin of proximal and distal siliceous exhalites","docAbstract":"Stratiform beds of jasper (hematitic chert), composed essentially of SiO2 (69–95 wt %) and Fe2O3 (3–25 wt %), can be traced several kilometers along strike in the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway. These siliceous beds are closely associated with volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits and are interpreted as sea-floor gels that were deposited by fallout from hydrothermal plumes in silica-rich seawater, in which plume-derived Fe oxyhydroxide particles promoted flocculation and rapid settling of large (~200 μm) colloidal particles of silica-iron oxyhydroxide.
Concentrations of chalcophile elements in the jasper beds are at the parts per million level implying that sulfide particle fallout was insignificant and that the Si-Fe gel-forming plumes were mainly derived from intermediate- (100°–250°C) to high-temperature (>250°C) white smoker-type vents with high Fe/S ratios. The interpreted setting is similar to that of the Lau basin, where high-temperature (280°–334°C) white smoker venting alternates or overlaps with sulfide mound-forming black smoker venting. Ratios of Al, Sc, Th, Hf, and REE to iron are very low and show that the detrital input was <0.1 percent of the bulk jasper. Most jasper beds are enriched in U, V, P, and Mo relative to the North American Shale Composite, reflecting a predominantly seawater source, whereas REE distribution patterns (positive Eu and negative Ce anomalies) reflect variable mixing of hydrothermal solutions with oxic seawater at dilution ratios of ~102 to 104.
Trace element variations in the gel precursor to the jasper are thought to have been controlled by coprecipitation and/or adsorption by Fe oxyhydroxide particles that formed by the oxidation of hydrothermal Fe2+ within the variably seawater-diluted hydrothermal plume(s). Thick jasper layers near the Høydal VMS orebody show distinct positive As/Fe and Sb/Fe anomalies that are attributed to near-vent rapid settling of Si-Fe particles derived from As- and Sb-rich hydrothermal fluids prior to extensive mixing with seawater in the buoyant plume. Particles that formed later in the highly diluted nonbuoyant plume formed relatively As and Sb poor distal jasper. The large particle sizes and accordingly high settling rates of the particles, together with mass-balance calculations based on modern vent field data, suggest that individual meter-thick jasper beds formed within a plume lifetime of 200 years or less. The lack of thick jasper beds near the Løkken VMS orebody, which is larger than the Høydal orebody by more than two orders of magnitude, probably reflects a shift to anoxic conditions during Løkken mineralization. This environment limited oxidation of iron in the hydrothermal plume and formation of the ferric oxyhydroxides necessary for the flocculation of silica and sea-floor deposition of the gel precursor of the jasper beds.
Distal pyritic and iron-poor cherts are more common than jasper in ancient VMS-hosting sequences. The origin of these other types of siliceous exhalite is enigmatic but at least in some cases involved sulfidation, reduction to magnetite, or dissolution of the original ferric iron in precursor Si-rich gels, either by hydrothermal or diagenetic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/100.8.1511","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Grenne, T., and Slack, J.F., 2005, Geochemistry and jasper beds from the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: origin of proximal and distal siliceous exhalites: Economic Geology, v. 100, no. 8, p. 1511-1527, https://doi.org/10.2113/100.8.1511.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1511","endPage":"1527","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211210,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/100.8.1511"}],"volume":"100","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16d6e4b0c8380cd5529e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grenne, Tor","contributorId":7460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grenne","given":"Tor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35509,"text":"Geological Survey of Norway","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":415801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027920,"text":"70027920 - 2005 - Post-precipitation bias in band-tailed pigeon surveys conducted at mineral sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:35:41","indexId":"70027920","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-precipitation bias in band-tailed pigeon surveys conducted at mineral sites","docAbstract":"Many animal surveys to estimate populations or index trends include protocol prohibiting counts during rain but fail to address effects of rainfall preceding the count. Prior research on Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata monilis) documented declines in use of mineral sites during rainfall. We hypothesized that prior precipitation was associated with a short-term increase in use of mineral sites following rain. We conducted weekly counts of band-tailed pigeons at 19 Pacific Northwest mineral sites in 2001 and 20 sites in 2002. Results from regression analysis indicated higher counts ???2 days after rain (11.31??5.00% [x????SE]) compared to ???3 days. Individual index counts conducted ???2 days after rain were biased high, resulting in reduced ability to accurately estimate population trends. Models of band-tailed pigeon visitation rates throughout the summer showed increased mineral-site counts during both June and August migration periods, relative to the July breeding period. Our research supported previous studies recommending that mineral-site counts used to index the band-tailed pigeon population be conducted during July. We further recommend conducting counts >3 days after rain to avoid weather-related bias in index estimation. The design of other population sampling strategies that rely on annual counts should consider the influence of aberrant weather not only coincident with but also preceding surveys if weather patterns are thought to influence behavior or detection probability of target species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1047:PBIBPS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Overton, C., Schmitz, R., and Casazza, M.L., 2005, Post-precipitation bias in band-tailed pigeon surveys conducted at mineral sites: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 3, p. 1047-1054, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1047:PBIBPS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1047","endPage":"1054","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1047:PBIBPS]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e6ce4b0c8380cd7a530","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Overton, C.T.","contributorId":36482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitz, R.A.","contributorId":101447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitz","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027914,"text":"70027914 - 2005 - Large-scale 3D subsurface conductivity imaging using full-wave forward modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027914","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Large-scale 3D subsurface conductivity imaging using full-wave forward modeling","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest)","conferenceTitle":"2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI Meeting","conferenceDate":"3 July 2005 through 8 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/APS.2005.1551521","issn":"15223965","isbn":"0780388836; 9780780388833","usgsCitation":"Wang, G., Chew, W., Cui, T., Wright, D., and Smith, D., 2005, Large-scale 3D subsurface conductivity imaging using full-wave forward modeling, in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest), v. 1 B, Washington, DC, 3 July 2005 through 8 July 2005, p. 202-205, https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2005.1551521.","startPage":"202","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211127,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/APS.2005.1551521"}],"volume":"1 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4490e4b0c8380cd66bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, G.L.","contributorId":96458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chew, W.C.","contributorId":19730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cui, T.J.","contributorId":72552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, D.V.","contributorId":31143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027906,"text":"70027906 - 2005 - Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027906","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and implications","docAbstract":"Kelps and other fleshy macroalgae - dominant reef-inhabiting organisms in cool - seasmay have radiated extensively following late Cenozoic polar cooling, thus triggering a chain of evolutionary change in the trophic ecology of nearshore temperate ecosystems. We explore this hypothesis through an analysis of body size in the abalones (Gastropoda; Haliotidae), a widely distributed group in modern oceans that displays a broad range of body sizes and contains fossil representatives from the late Cretaceous (60-75 Ma). Geographic analysis of maximum shell length in living abalones showed that small-bodied species, while most common in the Tropics, have a cosmopolitan distribution, whereas large-bodied species occur exclusively in cold-water ecosystems dominated by kelps and other macroalgae. The phylogeography of body size evolution in extant abalones was assessed by constructing a molecular phylogeny in a mix of large and small species obtained from different regions of the world. This analysis demonstrates that small body size is the plesiomorphic state and largeness has likely arisen at least twice. Finally, we compiled data on shell length from the fossil record to determine how (slowly or suddenly) and when large body size arose in the abalones. These data indicate that large body size appears suddenly at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Our findings support the view that fleshy-algal dominated ecosystems radiated rapidly in the coastal oceans with the onset of the most recent glacial age. We conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of this change. ?? 2005 The Paleontological Society. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:EOLBSI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00948373","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., Lindberg, D.R., and Wray, C., 2005, Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and implications: Paleobiology, v. 31, no. 4, p. 591-606, https://doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:EOLBSI]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"591","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:EOLBSI]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d82e4b0c8380cd53070","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, D. R.","contributorId":64181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wray, C.","contributorId":9061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027895,"text":"70027895 - 2005 - Virus fate and transport during artificial recharge with recycled water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T16:26:16","indexId":"70027895","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Virus fate and transport during artificial recharge with recycled water","docAbstract":"A field‐scale experiment was conducted at a research site using bacterial viruses (bacteriophage) MS2 and PRD1 as surrogates for human viruses, bromide as a conservative tracer, and tertiary‐treated municipal wastewater (recycled water) to investigate the fate and transport of viruses during artificial recharge. Observed virus concentrations were fitted using a mathematical model that simulates virus transport in one‐dimensional, homogeneous, water‐saturated porous media accounting for virus sorption (or filtration), virus inactivation, and time‐dependent source concentration. The fitted time‐dependent clogging rate constants were used to estimate the collision efficiencies for bacteriophage MS2 and PRD1 during vertical fully saturated flow. Furthermore, the corresponding time‐dependent collision efficiencies for both bacteriophage asymptotically reached similar values at the various sampling locations. These results can be used to develop an optimal management scenario to maximize the amount of recycled water that can be applied to the spreading grounds while still maintaining favorable attachment conditions for virus removal.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003419","usgsCitation":"Anders, R., and Chrysikopoulos, C., 2005, Virus fate and transport during artificial recharge with recycled water: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 10, Article W10415; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003419.","productDescription":"Article W10415; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc27ce4b08c986b32ab8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anders, Robert 0000-0002-2363-9072 randers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-9072","contributorId":1210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Robert","email":"randers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chrysikopoulos, C.V.","contributorId":16214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrysikopoulos","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028001,"text":"70028001 - 2005 - Osmium isotope stratigraphy of a marine ferromanganese crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028001","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Osmium isotope stratigraphy of a marine ferromanganese crust","docAbstract":"Ferromanganese crusts provide records of long term change in ocean circulation and continental weathering. However, calibrating their age prior to 10 Ma has been entirely based on empirical growth rate models using Co concentrations, which have inherently large uncertainties and fail to detect hiatuses and erosional events. We present a new method for dating these crusts by measuring their osmium (Os) isotope record and matching it to the well-known marine Os isotope evolution of the past 80 Ma. The well-characterised crust CD29-2 from the central Pacific, was believed to define a record of paleooceanographic change from 50 Ma. Previous growth rate estimates based on the Co method are consistent with the new Os isotope stratigraphy but the dating was grossly inaccurate due to long hiatuses that are now detectable. The new chronology shows that it in fact started growing prior to 70 Ma in the late Cretaceous and stopped growing or was eroded between 13.5 and 47 Ma. With this new technique it is now possible to exploit the full potential of the oceanographic and climatic records stored in Fe-Mn crusts. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2005.07.016","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Klemm, V., Levasseur, S., Frank, M., Hein, J., and Halliday, A.N., 2005, Osmium isotope stratigraphy of a marine ferromanganese crust: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 238, no. 1-2, p. 42-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.07.016.","startPage":"42","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210414,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.07.016"},{"id":237323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"238","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7131e4b0c8380cd764f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klemm, V.","contributorId":43898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemm","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Levasseur, S.","contributorId":105834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levasseur","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028004,"text":"70028004 - 2005 - Liquefaction at Oceano, California, during the 2003 San Simeon earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028004","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Liquefaction at Oceano, California, during the 2003 San Simeon earthquake","docAbstract":"The 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon, California, earthquake caused liquefaction-induced lateral spreading at Oceano at an unexpectedly large distance from the seismogenic rupture. We conclude that the liquefaction was caused by ground motion that was enhanced by both rupture directivity in the mainshock and local site amplification by unconsolidated fine-grained deposits. Liquefaction occurred in sandy artificial fill and undisturbed eolian sand and fluvial deposits. The largest and most damaging lateral spread was caused by liquefaction of artificial fill; the head of this lateral spread coincided with the boundary between the artificial fill and undisturbed eolian sand deposits. Values of the liquefaction potential index, in general, were greater than 5 at liquefaction sites, the threshold value that has been proposed for liquefaction hazard mapping. Although the mainshock ground motion at Oceano was not recorded, peak ground acceleration was estimated to range from 0.25 and 0.28g on the basis of the liquefaction potential index and aftershock recordings. The estimates fall within the range of peak ground acceleration values associated with the modified Mercalli intensity = VII reported at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) \"Did You Feel It?\" web site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050078","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T., Noce, T., Bennett, M., Tinsley, J.C., and Rosenberg, L., 2005, Liquefaction at Oceano, California, during the 2003 San Simeon earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 6, p. 2396-2411, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050078.","startPage":"2396","endPage":"2411","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210441,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050078"},{"id":237358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47e9e4b0c8380cd67a92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, T.L.","contributorId":35739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noce, T.E.","contributorId":54285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noce","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, M.J.","contributorId":67504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tinsley, J. C. III","contributorId":39777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberg, L.I.","contributorId":49175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"L.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027887,"text":"70027887 - 2005 - Extraordinary flood response of a small urban watershed to short-duration convective rainfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027887","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extraordinary flood response of a small urban watershed to short-duration convective rainfall","docAbstract":"The 9.1 km2 Moores Run watershed in Baltimore, Maryland, experiences floods with unit discharge peaks exceeding 1 m3 s-1 km-2 12 times yr-1, on average. Few, if any, drainage basins in the continental United States have a higher frequency. A thunderstorm system on 13 June 2003 produced the record flood peak (13.2 m3 s-1 km-2) during the 6-yr stream gauging record of Moores Run. In this paper, the hydrometeorology, hydrology, and hydraulics of extreme floods in Moores Run are examined through analyses of the 13 June 2003 storm and flood, as well as other major storm and flood events during the 2000-03 time period. The 13 June 2003 flood, like most floods in Moores Run, was produced by an organized system of thunderstorms. Analyses of the 13 June 2003 storm, which are based on volume scan reflectivity observations from the Sterling, Virginia, WSR-88D radar, are used to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of flash flood producing rainfall. Hydrology of flood response in Moores Run is characterized by highly efficient concentration of runoff through the storm drain network and relatively low runoff ratios. A detailed survey of high-water marks for the 13 June 2003 flood is used, in combination with analyses based on a 2D, depth-averaged open channel flow model (TELEMAC 2D) to examine hydraulics of the 13 June 2003 flood. Hydraulic analyses are used to examine peak discharge estimates for the 13 June flood peak, propagation of flood waves in the Moores Run channel, and 2D flow features associated with channel and floodplain geometry. ?? 2005 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/JHM426.1","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.A., Miller, A., Baeck, M., Nelson, P., Fisher, G.T., and Meierdiercks, K., 2005, Extraordinary flood response of a small urban watershed to short-duration convective rainfall: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 6, no. 5, p. 599-617, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM426.1.","startPage":"599","endPage":"617","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489900,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm426.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM426.1"},{"id":238475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e63e4b0c8380cd53420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J. A.","contributorId":101646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, A.J.","contributorId":70119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baeck, M.L.","contributorId":9058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baeck","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, P.A.","contributorId":95225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, G. T.","contributorId":49359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meierdiercks, K.L.","contributorId":39575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meierdiercks","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028005,"text":"70028005 - 2005 - The 2003 eruption of Anatahan volcano, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands: Chronology, volcanology, and deformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-13T12:04:26","indexId":"70028005","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2003 eruption of Anatahan volcano, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands: Chronology, volcanology, and deformation","docAbstract":"The first historical eruption on Anatahan Island occurred on 10 May 2003 from the east crater of the volcano. The eruption was preceded by several hours of seismicity. Two and a half hours before the outbreak, the number of earthquakes surged to more than 100 events per hour. At 0730 UTC, the Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center issued an ash advisory. Although the eruption lasted for 3 months, the majority of erupted material was expelled during the first 2 weeks. The opening episode of the eruption resulted in a deposit of juvenile scoria and lithic clasts, the latter derived from geothermally altered colluvial fill from the vent area. The opening episode was followed by crater enlargement and deepening, which produced deposits of coarse, reddish-brown ash containing a mixture of juvenile and lithic clasts. The third episode of the eruption produced coarse ash and lapilli comprised of juvenile scoria and minor amounts of lithics. Plume heights were 4500 to 13,000 m for the initial three phases. The fourth episode, from about May 18 through early August, was characterized by smaller plume heights of 900 to 2400 m, and steam was the dominant component. Minor amounts of coarse ash and accretionary-lapilli ash comprise most of the deposits of the fourth episode, although ballistic blocks and bombs of andesite lava are also locally present. These andesite blocks were emplaced by an explosion on 14 June, which destroyed a small lava dome extruded during the first week of June. Activity waned as the summer progressed, and subsequent ash deposits accumulated in July and early August, by which time the eruption had effectively ended. In September and October, degassing and geothermal activity continued, characterized by small geysers, boiling water, and jetting steam. Noteworthy deviations from this activity were a surge event in late May–early June and the destruction of the lava dome on 14 June. We calculated on-land tephra-fall deposits to have a bulk volume of about 27.5 × 106 m3, covering an area of 40.6 km2. We determined the juvenile to lithic content of the deposits and corrected the bulk volume to a juvenile volume of 24.0 × 106 m3. We use a volume corrected density of 1.32 g/cm3 to convert the juvenile volume of 24.0 × 106 m3 to a magma volume of 13.2 × 106 m3. Using the methods of Fierstein and Nathenson (1992) [Fierstein, J., Nathenson, M., 1992. Another look at the calculation of fallout tephra volumes. Bull. Volcanology. 54, 156–167.], we computed the total eruption volume at 45.4 × 106 m3. Deformation surveys recorded large changes surrounding the east crater. The modeled volumetric change based on the surveys was 0.82 × 106 m3 of magma, which we estimate corresponds to a minimum intrusion of 10 × 106 m3 of magma which is in good agreement with our calculated on-land magma volume.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.010","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Trusdell, F., Moore, R.B., Sako, M., White, R., Koyanagi, S., Chong, R., and Camacho, J., 2005, The 2003 eruption of Anatahan volcano, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands: Chronology, volcanology, and deformation: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 146, no. 1-3 , p. 184-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.010.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210012,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.010"},{"id":236800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Anatahan volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 145.58876037597656,\n 16.32607016712877\n ],\n [\n 145.76934814453125,\n 16.32607016712877\n ],\n [\n 145.76934814453125,\n 16.378120933940313\n ],\n [\n 145.58876037597656,\n 16.378120933940313\n ],\n [\n 145.58876037597656,\n 16.32607016712877\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"146","issue":"1-3 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba646e4b08c986b320fed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, R. B.","contributorId":98720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sako, M.","contributorId":28383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sako","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, R.A.","contributorId":21953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koyanagi, S.K.","contributorId":92858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chong, R.","contributorId":38346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Camacho, J.T.","contributorId":56432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camacho","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028006,"text":"70028006 - 2005 - Detrital illite crystals identified from crystallite thickness measurements in siliciclastic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028006","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrital illite crystals identified from crystallite thickness measurements in siliciclastic sediments","docAbstract":"Illite crystals in siliciclastic sediments are heterogeneous assemblages of detrital material coming from various source rocks and, at paleotemperatures >70 ??C, of superimposed diagenetic modification in the parent sediment. We distinguished the relative proportions of 2M1 detrital illite and possible diagenetic 1Md + 1M illite by a combined analysis of crystal-size distribution and illite polytype quantification. We found that the proportions of 1Md + 1M and 2M1 illite could be determined from crystallite thickness measurements (BWA method, using the MudMaster program) by unmixing measured crystallite thickness distributions using theoretical and calculated log-normal and/or asymptotic distributions. The end-member components that we used to unmix the measured distributions were three asymptotic-shaped distributions (assumed to be the diagenetic component of the mixture, the 1Md + 1M polytypes) calculated using the Galoper program (Phase A was simulated using 500 crystals per cycle of nucleation and growth, Phase B = 333/cycle, and Phase C = 250/ cycle), and one theoretical log-normal distribution (Phase D, assumed to approximate the detrital 2M1 component of the mixture). In addition, quantitative polytype analysis was carried out using the RockJock software for comparison. The two techniques gave comparable results (r2 = 0.93), which indicates that the unmixing method permits one to calculate the proportion of illite polytypes and, therefore, the proportion of 2M1 detrital illite, from crystallite thickness measurements. The overall illite crystallite thicknesses in the samples were found to be a function of the relative proportions of thick 2M1 and thin 1Md + 1M illite. The percentage of illite layers in I-S mixed layers correlates with the mean crystallite thickness of the 1Md + 1M polytypes, indicating that these polytypes, rather than the 2M1 polytype, participate in I-S mixed layering.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2138/am.2005.1823","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Aldega, L., and Eberl, D.D., 2005, Detrital illite crystals identified from crystallite thickness measurements in siliciclastic sediments: American Mineralogist, v. 90, no. 10, p. 1587-1596, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1823.","startPage":"1587","endPage":"1596","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210013,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1823"},{"id":236801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fffce4b0c8380cd4f4fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aldega, L.","contributorId":12677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldega","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}