Large floodplain rivers have internal structures shaped by directions and rates of water movement. In a previous study, we showed that spatial variation in local current velocities and degrees of hydrological exchange creates a patch-work mosaic of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and ratios in the Upper Mississippi River. Here, we used long-term fish and limnological data sets to test the hypothesis that fish communities differ between the previously identified patches defined by high or low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios (TN:TP) and to determine the extent to which select limnological covariates might explain those differences. Species considered as habitat generalists were common in both patch types but were at least 2 times as abundant in low TN:TP patches. Dominance by these species resulted in lower diversity in low TN:TP patches, whereas an increased relative abundance of a number of rheophilic (flow-dependent) species resulted in higher diversity and a more even species distribution in high TN:TP patches. Of the limnological variables considered, the strongest predictor of fish species assemblage and diversity was water flow velocity, indicating that spatial patterns in water-mediated connectivity may act as the main driver of both local nutrient concentrations and fish community composition in these reaches. The coupling among hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biodiversity in these river reaches suggests that landscape-scale restoration projects that manipulate hydrogeomorphic patterns may also modify the spatial mosaic of nutrients and fish communities. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3026","usgsCitation":"De Jager, N.R., and Houser, J.N., 2016, Patchiness in a large floodplain river: Associations among hydrology, nutrients, and fish communities: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1915-1926, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3026.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1915","endPage":"1926","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062928","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6a086e4b0f2f0cebdb037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Jager, Nathan R. 0000-0002-6649-4125 ndejager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-4125","contributorId":3717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Jager","given":"Nathan","email":"ndejager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houser, Jeffrey N. 0000-0003-3295-3132 jhouser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3295-3132","contributorId":2769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jhouser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176067,"text":"70176067 - 2016 - Reservoirs and water management influence fish mercury concentrations in the western United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:25:42","indexId":"70176067","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-24T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reservoirs and water management influence fish mercury concentrations in the western United States and Canada","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic manipulation of aquatic habitats can profoundly alter mercury (Hg) cycling and bioaccumulation. The impoundment of fluvial systems is among the most common habitat manipulations and is known to increase fish Hg concentrations immediately following impoundment. However, it is not well understood how Hg concentrations differ between reservoirs and lakes at large spatial and temporal scales or how reservoir management influences fish Hg concentrations. This study evaluated total Hg (THg) concentrations in 64,386 fish from 883 reservoirs and 1387 lakes, across the western United States and Canada, to assess differences between reservoirs and lakes, as well as the influence of reservoir management on fish THg concentrations. Fish THg concentrations were 1.4-fold higher in reservoirs (0.13 ± 0.011 μg/g wet weight ± standard error) than lakes (0.09 ± 0.006), though this difference varied among ecoregions. Fish THg concentrations were 1.5- to 2.6-fold higher in reservoirs than lakes of the North American Deserts, Northern Forests, and Mediterranean California ecoregions, but did not differ between reservoirs and lakes in four other ecoregions. Fish THg concentrations peaked in three-year-old reservoirs then rapidly declined in 4–12 year old reservoirs. Water management was particularly important in influencing fish THg concentrations, which were up to 11-times higher in reservoirs with minimum water storage occurring in May, June, or July compared to reservoirs with minimum storage occurring in other months. Between-year changes in maximum water storage strongly influenced fish THg concentrations, but within-year fluctuations in water levels did not influence fish THg concentrations. Specifically, fish THg concentrations increased up to 3.2-fold over the range of between-year changes in maximum water storage in all ecoregions except Mediterranean California. These data highlight the role of reservoir creation and management in influencing fish THg concentrations and suggest that water management may provide an effective means of mitigating Hg bioaccumulation in some reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.050","usgsCitation":"Willacker, J.J., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Lutz, M.A., Tate, M., Lepak, J.M., and Ackerman, J., 2016, Reservoirs and water management influence fish mercury concentrations in the western United States and Canada: Science of the Total Environment, v. 568, p. 739-748, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.050.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"748","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070755","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.050","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","volume":"568","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6a089e4b0f2f0cebdb047","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.050","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.050","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Willacker James J., Eagles-Smith Collin A., Lutz Michelle A., Tate Michael T., Lepak Jesse M., Ackerman Joshua T.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"10/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willacker, James J. jwillacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":5614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willacker","given":"James","email":"jwillacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lutz, Michelle A. malutz@usgs.gov","contributorId":131020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Michelle","email":"malutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tate, Michael T. 0000-0003-1525-1219 mttate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1525-1219","contributorId":3144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Michael T.","email":"mttate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lepak, Jesse M.","contributorId":172156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lepak","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176069,"text":"70176069 - 2016 - Decomposition drives convergence of forest litter nutrient stoichiometry following phosphorus addition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T19:49:59.264207","indexId":"70176069","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-24T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decomposition drives convergence of forest litter nutrient stoichiometry following phosphorus addition","docAbstract":"Nutrient levels in decomposing detritus and soil can influence decomposition rates and detrital nutrient dynamics in differing ways among various detrital components of forests. We assessed whether increased phosphorus (P) levels in litter and soil influenced decomposition rates and litter nutrient dynamics of foliage, fine roots, and twigs in nitrogen (N)-rich Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests in the Oregon Coast Range.
\nWe decomposed fresh foliage, fine root, and twig litter from Douglas-fir seedlings at three sites for two years. Half of the seedlings and half of the plots at each of the sites were fertilized with P resulting in a factorial design with the following treatments: control (no P fertilization), plant P (P-fertilized litter), soil P (P-fertilized soil), and plant P × soil P.
\nSoil P fertilization slightly decreased foliage decomposition rates. Fertilization of seedlings increased litter P concentrations by an average of 250 % relative to controls, but did not alter litter decomposition rates. Litter fertilized with P mineralized P rapidly and early in the decomposition process compared to N. Litter P concentrations decreased over the 2 years for all treatments, whereas N concentrations increased. Decomposition rates and loss of N and P were strongly related to initial litter chemistry. Despite different initial litter C:N:P ratios in P fertilized seedlings, ratios of C:N, C:P and N:P converged to similar values across treatments within a given litter type over 2 years.
\nWe conclude that litter P concentrations and to some extent soil P may influence litter nutrient dynamics during decomposition, resulting in a convergence of element ratios that reflect the balance of substrate decomposition and microbial nutrient stoichiometry.
\nAQUI-S 20E® (active ingredient, eugenol; AQUI-S New Zealand Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand) is being pursued for approval as an immediate-release sedative in the United States. A validated method to quantify the primary residue (the marker residue) in fillet tissue from AQUI-S 20E–exposed fish was needed. A method was evaluated for determining concentrations of the AQUI-S 20E marker residue, eugenol, in freshwater fish fillet tissue. Method accuracies from fillet tissue fortified at nominal concentrations of 0.15, 1, and 60 μg/g from six fish species ranged from 88–102%. Within-day and between-day method precisions (% CV) from the fortified tissue were ≤8.4% CV. There were no coextracted compounds from the control fillet tissue of seven fish species that interfered with eugenol analyses. Six compounds used as aquaculture drugs did not interfere with eugenol analyses. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.012 μg/g. The method was robust, i.e., in most cases, minor changes to the method did not impact method performance. Eugenol was stable in acetonitrile–water (3 + 7, v/v) for at least 14 days, in fillet tissue extracts for 4 days, and in fillet tissue stored at ~ −80°C for at least 84 days.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC)","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","doi":"10.5740/jaoacint.15-0161","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J.R., Schreier, T.M., Porcher, S.T., and Smerud, J.R., 2016, Evaluation of a method for quantifying eugenol concentrations in the fillet tissue from freshwater fish species: Journal of AOAC International, v. 99, no. 2, p. 558-564, https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.15-0161.","startPage":"558","endPage":"564","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059729","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6a035e4b0f2f0cebdafe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, Jeffery R. 0000-0002-8855-2648 jmeinertz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":2495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"Jeffery","email":"jmeinertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porcher, Scott T. sporcher@usgs.gov","contributorId":5030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcher","given":"Scott","email":"sporcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smerud, Justin R. 0000-0003-4385-7437 jrsmerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-7437","contributorId":5031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smerud","given":"Justin","email":"jrsmerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176044,"text":"70176044 - 2016 - Rapid estimation of earthquake magnitude from the arrival time of the peak high-frequency amplitude","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T15:46:47.977807","indexId":"70176044","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-24T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid estimation of earthquake magnitude from the arrival time of the peak high-frequency amplitude","docAbstract":"We propose a simple approach to measure earthquake magnitude M using the time difference (Top) between the body‐wave onset and the arrival time of the peak high‐frequency amplitude in an accelerogram. Measured in this manner, we find that Mw is proportional to 2logTop for earthquakes 5≤Mw≤7, which is the theoretical proportionality if Top is proportional to source dimension and stress drop is scale invariant. Using high‐frequency (>2 Hz) data, the root mean square (rms) residual between Mw and MTop(M estimated from Top) is approximately 0.5 magnitude units. The rms residuals of the high‐frequency data in passbands between 2 and 16 Hz are uniformly smaller than those obtained from the lower‐frequency data. Top depends weakly on epicentral distance, and this dependence can be ignored for distances <200 km. Retrospective application of this algorithm to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake produces a final magnitude estimate of M 9.0 at 120 s after the origin time. We conclude that Top of high‐frequency (>2 Hz) accelerograms has value in the context of earthquake early warning for extremely large events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120150108","usgsCitation":"Noda, S., Yamamoto, S., and Ellsworth, W.L., 2016, Rapid estimation of earthquake magnitude from the arrival time of the peak high-frequency amplitude: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 1, p. 232-241, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150108.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073190","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6a088e4b0f2f0cebdb041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noda, Shunta snoda@usgs.gov","contributorId":173999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noda","given":"Shunta","email":"snoda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yamamoto, Shunroku","contributorId":174000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"Shunroku","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27332,"text":"Railway Technical Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176048,"text":"70176048 - 2016 - The Earthquake‐Source Inversion Validation (SIV) Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T11:37:58","indexId":"70176048","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-24T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Earthquake‐Source Inversion Validation (SIV) Project","docAbstract":"Finite‐fault earthquake source inversions infer the (time‐dependent) displacement on the rupture surface from geophysical data. The resulting earthquake source models document the complexity of the rupture process. However, multiple source models for the same earthquake, obtained by different research teams, often exhibit remarkable dissimilarities. To address the uncertainties in earthquake‐source inversion methods and to understand strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches used, the Source Inversion Validation (SIV) project conducts a set of forward‐modeling exercises and inversion benchmarks. In this article, we describe the SIV strategy, the initial benchmarks, and current SIV results. Furthermore, we apply statistical tools for quantitative waveform comparison and for investigating source‐model (dis)similarities that enable us to rank the solutions, and to identify particularly promising source inversion approaches. All SIV exercises (with related data and descriptions) and statistical comparison tools are available via an online collaboration platform, and we encourage source modelers to use the SIV benchmarks for developing and testing new methods. We envision that the SIV efforts will lead to new developments for tackling the earthquake‐source imaging problem.
\nOne of the cruelest, most complex narratives in the world today (2019) is written in the hunger of sub-Saharan Africa. When famine is the only yield from the scorched Earth, survival often depends on a heart-rending calculation—how far is the distant feeding center and how close is the nearest well?
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Landsat helps bolster food security (ver. 1.1, September 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3060, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20163060.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077595","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3060/fs20163060_2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"718 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016–3060"},{"id":367518,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3060/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","description":"Version History"},{"id":327590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3060/coverthb2.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: August 24, 2016; Version 1.1 September 18, 2019","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Government organizations that manage and mitigate the continued growth of cities are looking increasingly to the sky for assistance.
Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The United Nations’ Department of Economic and Social Affairs predicts 9.7 billion people will sit down every day to the global dinner table by 2050. If this prediction is correct, the world is going to need more crops, more livestock, and more efficient and sustainable agricultural practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Landsat plays a key role in reducing hunger on Earth (ver. 1.1, September 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3059, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20163059.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077596","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327580,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3059/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":367514,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3059/fs20163059_2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"654 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016–3059"},{"id":367515,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3059/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: August 24, 2016; Version 1.1 September 18, 2019","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Managing inland fisheries in the 21st century presents several obstacles, including the need to view fisheries from multiple spatial and temporal scales, which usually involves populations and resources spanning sociopolitical boundaries. Though collaboration is not new to fisheries science, inland aquatic systems have historically been managed at local scales and present different challenges than in marine or large freshwater systems like the Laurentian Great Lakes. Therefore, we outline a flexible strategy that highlights organization, cooperation, analytics, and implementation as building blocks toward effectively addressing transboundary fisheries issues. Additionally, we discuss the use of Bayesian hierarchical models (within the analytical stage), due to their flexibility in dealing with the variability present in data from multiple scales. With growing recognition of both ecological drivers that span spatial and temporal scales and the subsequent need for collaboration to effectively manage heterogeneous resources, we expect implementation of transboundary approaches to become increasingly critical for effective inland fisheries management.
","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2016.1208090","usgsCitation":"Midway, S.R., Wagner, T., Zydlewski, J.D., Irwin, B.J., and Paukert, C.P., 2016, Transboundary fisheries science: Meeting the challenges of inland fisheries management in the 21st century: Fisheries, v. 41, no. 9, p. 536-546, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2016.1208090.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"536","endPage":"546","ipdsId":"IP-067099","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba7e4b01ccd5500bb11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Midway, Stephen R.","contributorId":172159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Midway","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irwin, Brian J. 0000-0002-0666-2641 bjirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-2641","contributorId":4037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Brian","email":"bjirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182790,"text":"70182790 - 2016 - StreamThermal: A software package for calculating thermal metrics from stream temperature data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:34:01","indexId":"70182790","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"StreamThermal: A software package for calculating thermal metrics from stream temperature data","docAbstract":"Improving quality and better availability of continuous stream temperature data allows natural resource managers, particularly in fisheries, to understand associations between different characteristics of stream thermal regimes and stream fishes. However, there is no convenient tool to efficiently characterize multiple metrics reflecting stream thermal regimes with the increasing amount of data. This article describes a software program packaged as a library in R to facilitate this process. With this freely-available package, users will be able to quickly summarize metrics that describe five categories of stream thermal regimes: magnitude, variability, frequency, timing, and rate of change. The installation and usage instruction of this package, the definition of calculated thermal metrics, as well as the output format from the package are described, along with an application showing the utility for multiple metrics. We believe this package can be widely utilized by interested stakeholders and greatly assist more studies in fisheries.","language":"English, French, Spanish","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2016.1210517","collaboration":"Yin-Phan Tsang; Dana Infante (Michigan State University)\nLizhu Wang (International Joint Commission)\nDarren Thornbrugh (US EPA)","usgsCitation":"Tsang, Y., Infante, D.M., Stewart, J.S., Wang, L., Tingly, R., Thornbrugh, D., Cooper, A., and Wesley, D., 2016, StreamThermal: A software package for calculating thermal metrics from stream temperature data: Fisheries, v. 41, no. 9, p. 548-554, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2016.1210517.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"548","endPage":"554","ipdsId":"IP-064619","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba7e4b01ccd5500bb0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsang, Yin-Phan","contributorId":177342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsang","given":"Yin-Phan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Infante, Dana M. 0000-0003-1385-1587","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-1587","contributorId":150821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Infante","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18112,"text":"Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Jana S. 0000-0002-8121-1373 jsstewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-1373","contributorId":539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jana","email":"jsstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Lizhu","contributorId":184191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Lizhu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tingly, Ralph","contributorId":184192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tingly","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thornbrugh, Darren","contributorId":184193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thornbrugh","given":"Darren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cooper, Arthur","contributorId":184194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wesley, Daniel","contributorId":184195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wesley","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70189894,"text":"70189894 - 2016 - NHDPlusHR: A national geospatial framework for surface-water information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-06T16:51:06","indexId":"70189894","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2126,"text":"JAWRA","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NHDPlusHR: A national geospatial framework for surface-water information","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is developing a new geospatial hydrographic framework for the United States, called the National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution (NHDPlusHR), that integrates a diversity of the best-available information, robustly supports ongoing dataset improvements, enables hydrographic generalization to derive alternate representations of the network while maintaining feature identity, and supports modern scientific computing and Internet accessibility needs. This framework is based on the High Resolution National Hydrography Dataset, the Watershed Boundaries Dataset, and elevation from the 3-D Elevation Program, and will provide an authoritative, high precision, and attribute-rich geospatial framework for surface-water information for the United States. Using this common geospatial framework will provide a consistent basis for indexing water information in the United States, eliminate redundancy, and harmonize access to, and exchange of water information.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12429","usgsCitation":"Viger, R.J., Rea, A.H., Simley, J.D., and Hanson, K.M., 2016, NHDPlusHR: A national geospatial framework for surface-water information: JAWRA, v. 52, no. 4, p. 901-905, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12429.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"901","endPage":"905","ipdsId":"IP-074030","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344609,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59882a95e4b05ba66e9ffdda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viger, Roland J. 0000-0003-2520-714X rviger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-714X","contributorId":168799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland","email":"rviger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rea, Alan H. ahrea@usgs.gov","contributorId":1813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"Alan","email":"ahrea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simley, Jeffrey D. jdsimley@usgs.gov","contributorId":4582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simley","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdsimley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanson, Karen M. khanson@usgs.gov","contributorId":936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Karen","email":"khanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174961,"text":"fs20163054 - 2016 - Landsat brings understanding to the impact of industrialization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-20T11:01:34","indexId":"fs20163054","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3054","displayTitle":"Landsat Brings Understanding to the Impact of Industrialization","title":"Landsat brings understanding to the impact of industrialization","docAbstract":"In his 1963 book, “The Quiet Crisis,” former Interior Secretary Stewart Udall lamented what he called the decline of natural resources in the United States under the advancements of industrialization and urbanization.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Landsat brings understanding to the impact of industrialization (ver. 1.1, September 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3054, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20163054.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076987","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3054/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":367510,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3054/fs20163054_2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"885 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016–3054"},{"id":367511,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3054/versionHist.txt","description":"Version History"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: August 24, 2016; Version 1.1 September 18, 2019","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a sedimentation survey of Lago Lucchetti, Yauco, Puerto Rico, in 2013–14 in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority. The survey updated a previous survey, conducted in 2000, and provided accurate information regarding reservoir storage capacity and sedimentation rate using bathymetric techniques and a global positioning system coupled with a depth sounder device. The results of the 2013–14 survey indicated a total storage capacity for Lago Lucchetti of 10.21 million cubic meters and a long-term sedimentation rate loss of 0.16 million cubic meters per year based on the original capacity in 1952. Sediment accumulation was about 10.14 million cubic meters over the life of the reservoir, which represents a storage decrease of about 50 percent of the original capacity in 1952. On the basis of a comparison between the 2013–14 and 2000 surveys, the useful life for Lago Lucchetti is projected to end in 2076.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3364","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority","usgsCitation":"Gómez-Fragoso, Julieta, 2016, Sedimentation survey of Lago Lucchetti, Yauco, Puerto Rico, September 2013–May 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3364, 1 sheet, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3364.","productDescription":"Report: 29 x 32 inches; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069514","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438559,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7V122WZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatial Data for the Sedimentation Survey of Lago Lucchetti, Yauco, Puerto Rico, September 2013-May 2014"},{"id":327268,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data 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U.S. Geological Survey
4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108
Lutz, FL 33559
https://www.usgs.gov/water/caribbeanflorida/
A groundwater/surface-water model was constructed and calibrated for the Black Earth Creek watershed in south-central Wisconsin. The model was then run to simulate scenarios representing common societal concerns in the basin, focusing on maintaining a cold-water resource in an urbanizing fringe near its upper stream reaches and minimizing downstream flooding. Although groundwater and surface water are considered a single resource, many hydrologic models simplistically simulate feedback loops between the groundwater system and other hydrologic processes. These feedbacks include timing and rates of evapotranspiration, surface runoff, soil-zone flow, and interactions with the groundwater system; however, computer models can now routinely and iteratively couple the surface-water and groundwater systems—albeit with longer model run times. In this study, preliminary calibrations of uncoupled transient surface-water and steady-state groundwater models were used to form the starting point for final calibration of one transient computer simulation that iteratively couples groundwater and surface water. The computer code GSFLOW (Groundwater/Surface-water FLOW) was used to simulate the coupled hydrologic system; a surface-water model represented hydrologic processes in the atmosphere, at land surface, and within the soil zone, and a groundwater-flow model represented the unsaturated zone, saturated zone, and streams. The coupled GSFLOW model was run on a daily time step during water years 1985–2007. Early simulation times (1985–2000) were used for spin-up to make the simulation results less sensitive to initial conditions specified; the spin-up period was not included in the model calibration. Model calibration used observed heads, streamflows, solar radiation, and snowpack measurements from 2000 to 2007 for history matching. Calibration was performed by using the PEST parameter estimation software suite.
\nSimulated streamflows from the calibrated GSFLOW model and other basin characteristics were used as input to the one-dimensional SNTEMP (Stream-Network TEMPerature) model. SNTEMP was used to simulate daily stream temperature in selected stream reaches in the watershed. The temperature model was calibrated to high-resolution stream temperature time-series data measured in 2005. The calibrated GSFLOW and SNTEMP models were then used to simulate effects of potential climate change for the years 2010 through 2100. An ensemble of climate models and emission scenarios was evaluated. Downscaled climate drivers for the simulation period showed increases in maximum and minimum air temperature. Scenarios of future precipitation, however, did not show a monotonic trend like temperature. Uncertainty in the climate drivers increased with time for both temperature and precipitation.
\nForecasts of potential climate change scenarios showed growing season length increasing by weeks, and both potential and actual evapotranspiration rates increasing appreciably, in response to increasing air temperature. Simulated actual evapotranspiration rates increased less than simulated potential evapotranspiration rates as a result of water limitation in the root zone during the summer high-evapotranspiration period. The hydrologic-system response to climate change was characterized by a reduction in the importance of the snowmelt pulse and an increase in the importance of fall and winter groundwater recharge. The less dynamic hydrologic regime is likely to result in drier soil conditions, with relatively less drying expected in groundwater-fed systems. Groundwater discharge in the current upper cold-water reaches of Black Earth Creek is expected to decrease; flooding in downstream reaches may appreciably increase. The magnitude of changes in forecasted flow and associated groundwater/surface-water interaction is dependent on the General Circulation Model and emission scenario chosen.
\nPotential future changes in air temperature drivers were consistently upward regardless of General Circulation Model and emission scenario selected; thus, simulated stream temperatures are forecast to increase appreciably with future climate. However, the amount of temperature increase was variable. Such uncertainty is reflected in temperature model results, along with uncertainty in the groundwater/surface-water interaction itself. The estimated increase in annual average temperature ranged from approximately 3 to 6 degrees Celsius by 2100 in the upper reaches of Black Earth Creek and 2 to 4 degrees Celsius in reaches farther downstream. As with all forecasts that rely on projections of an unknowable future, the results are best considered to approximate potential outcomes of climate change given the underlying uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165091","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Village of Cross Plains, Village of Black Earth, Town of Black Earth, Town of Vermont, Village of Mazomanie, and City of Middleton","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Westenbroek, S.M., Walker, J.F., Selbig, W.R., Regan, R.S., Leaf, A.T., and Saad, D.A., 2016, Simulation of climate change effects on streamflow, groundwater, and stream temperature using GSFLOW and SNTEMP in the Black Earth Creek Watershed, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5091, 117 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165091.","productDescription":"Report: x, 49 p.; Appendixes: 1–6","startPage":"1","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"132","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072633","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327327,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5091/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":327328,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5091/sir20165091.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5091"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.73333333333333,43.06666666666667 ], [ -89.73333333333333,43.18333333333333 ], [ -89.55,43.18333333333333 ], [ -89.55,43.06666666666667 ], [ -89.73333333333333,43.06666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, Wisconsin Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, Wisconsin 53562
Cluster analysis offers an agnostic way to organize and explore features of the current GPS velocity field without reference to geologic information or physical models using information only contained in the velocity field itself. We have used cluster analysis of the Southern California Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity field to determine the partitioning of Pacific-North America relative motion onto major regional faults. Our results indicate the large-scale kinematics of the region is best described with two boundaries of high velocity gradient, one centered on the Coachella section of the San Andreas Fault and the Eastern California Shear Zone and the other defined by the San Jacinto Fault south of Cajon Pass and the San Andreas Fault farther north. The ~120 km long strand of the San Andreas between Cajon Pass and Coachella Valley (often termed the San Bernardino and San Gorgonio sections) is thus currently of secondary importance and carries lesser amounts of slip over most or all of its length. We show these first order results are present in maps of the smoothed GPS velocity field itself. They are also generally consistent with currently available, loosely bounded geologic and geodetic fault slip rate estimates that alone do not provide useful constraints on the large-scale partitioning we show here. Our analysis does not preclude the existence of smaller blocks and more block boundaries in Southern California. However, attempts to identify smaller blocks along and adjacent to the San Gorgonio section were not successful.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012678","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, W.R., Savage, J.C., and Simpson, R.W., 2016, The Eastern California Shear Zone as the northward extension of the southern San Andreas Fault: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 121, no. 4, p. 2904-2914, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012678.","startPage":"2904","endPage":"2914","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066319","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012678","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Eastern California Shear Zone","volume":"121","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6a08fe4b0f2f0cebdb05b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, Wayne R. 0000-0001-6324-545X thatcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-545X","contributorId":2599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Wayne","email":"thatcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176034,"text":"70176034 - 2016 - State-space modeling of population sizes and trends in Nihoa Finch and Millerbird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:30:43","indexId":"70176034","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-23T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State-space modeling of population sizes and trends in Nihoa Finch and Millerbird","docAbstract":"Both of the 2 passerines endemic to Nihoa Island, Hawai‘i, USA—the Nihoa Millerbird (Acrocephalus familiaris kingi) and Nihoa Finch (Telespiza ultima)—are listed as endangered by federal and state agencies. Their abundances have been estimated by irregularly implemented fixed-width strip-transect sampling from 1967 to 2012, from which area-based extrapolation of the raw counts produced highly variable abundance estimates for both species. To evaluate an alternative survey method and improve abundance estimates, we conducted variable-distance point-transect sampling between 2010 and 2014. We compared our results to those obtained from strip-transect samples. In addition, we applied state-space models to derive improved estimates of population size and trends from the legacy time series of strip-transect counts. Both species were fairly evenly distributed across Nihoa and occurred in all or nearly all available habitat. Population trends for Nihoa Millerbird were inconclusive because of high within-year variance. Trends for Nihoa Finch were positive, particularly since the early 1990s. Distance-based analysis of point-transect counts produced mean estimates of abundance similar to those from strip-transects but was generally more precise. However, both survey methods produced biologically unrealistic variability between years. State-space modeling of the long-term time series of abundances obtained from strip-transect counts effectively reduced uncertainty in both within- and between-year estimates of population size, and allowed short-term changes in abundance trajectories to be smoothed into a long-term trend.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Club","publisherLocation":"Santa Clara, CA","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-15-214.1","usgsCitation":"Gorresen, P.M., Brinck, K., Camp, R., Farmer, C., Plentovich, S., and Banko, P.C., 2016, State-space modeling of population sizes and trends in Nihoa Finch and Millerbird: Condor, v. 118, no. 3, p. 542-557, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-15-214.1.","startPage":"542","endPage":"557","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074655","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-15-214.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Nihoa Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.92796230316162,\n 23.064649400222073\n ],\n [\n -161.92710399627686,\n 23.06423480879465\n ],\n [\n -161.92560195922852,\n 23.063918928754457\n ],\n [\n -161.92452907562256,\n 23.063385879505216\n ],\n [\n -161.9231128692627,\n 23.062635658466142\n ],\n [\n -161.92158937454224,\n 23.06231977467212\n ],\n [\n -161.92062377929688,\n 23.062240803607754\n ],\n [\n -161.91989421844482,\n 23.062339517430956\n ],\n [\n -161.91882133483887,\n 23.06235926018691\n ],\n [\n -161.91740512847898,\n 23.062339517430956\n ],\n [\n -161.91620349884033,\n 23.06235926018691\n ],\n [\n -161.91562414169312,\n 23.062576430311235\n ],\n [\n -161.91519498825073,\n 23.062300031910365\n ],\n [\n -161.91489458084106,\n 23.061707747711164\n ],\n [\n -161.91489458084106,\n 23.061016746184198\n ],\n [\n -161.9147443771362,\n 23.060305998055032\n ],\n [\n -161.91395044326782,\n 23.059832163883666\n ],\n [\n -161.913800239563,\n 23.05941755761528\n ],\n [\n -161.9166111946106,\n 23.058193474514148\n ],\n [\n -161.9175124168396,\n 23.057462968004597\n ],\n [\n -161.91869258880612,\n 23.056989123824533\n ],\n [\n -161.91890716552734,\n 23.057462968004597\n ],\n [\n -161.9191861152649,\n 23.058529111310904\n ],\n [\n -161.9193363189697,\n 23.05843039469286\n ],\n [\n -161.91965818405149,\n 23.05785783688045\n ],\n [\n -161.92015171051025,\n 23.057818350044993\n ],\n [\n -161.92105293273926,\n 23.057877580293837\n ],\n [\n -161.92171812057495,\n 23.05815398777716\n ],\n [\n -161.92231893539426,\n 23.059259612034225\n ],\n [\n -161.92259788513184,\n 23.059141152726816\n ],\n [\n -161.9226622581482,\n 23.058627827856547\n ],\n [\n -161.92332744598386,\n 23.05835142134628\n ],\n [\n -161.92384243011475,\n 23.05789732370433\n ],\n [\n -161.92416429519653,\n 23.05813424440432\n ],\n [\n -161.92463636398315,\n 23.05835142134628\n ],\n [\n -161.925151348114,\n 23.058450138022252\n ],\n [\n -161.92525863647458,\n 23.058035527496667\n ],\n [\n -161.9250226020813,\n 23.057462968004597\n ],\n [\n -161.92476511001587,\n 23.056929893184748\n ],\n [\n -161.92452907562256,\n 23.05659425240029\n ],\n [\n -161.92452907562256,\n 23.05623886712811\n ],\n [\n -161.92474365234375,\n 23.05588348091769\n ],\n [\n -161.92506551742554,\n 23.05546886248638\n ],\n [\n -161.9253444671631,\n 23.055587325025623\n ],\n [\n -161.925687789917,\n 23.056021686777676\n ],\n [\n -161.9261384010315,\n 23.056574508798693\n ],\n [\n -161.92639589309692,\n 23.057186559102288\n ],\n [\n -161.926953792572,\n 23.057620915693953\n ],\n [\n -161.92736148834229,\n 23.058055270883997\n ],\n [\n -161.92779064178467,\n 23.058904233799186\n ],\n [\n -161.92791938781735,\n 23.05947678716038\n ],\n [\n -161.92785501480103,\n 23.0599703656893\n ],\n [\n -161.92834854125977,\n 23.06107597502553\n ],\n [\n -161.92821979522705,\n 23.061727490559797\n ],\n [\n -161.928391456604,\n 23.062477716661817\n ],\n [\n -161.92862749099731,\n 23.063188453321484\n ],\n [\n -161.92892789840695,\n 23.06407686886725\n ],\n [\n -161.92892789840695,\n 23.06470862746458\n ],\n [\n -161.928391456604,\n 23.064807339477476\n ],\n [\n -161.92796230316162,\n 23.064649400222073\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6a08de4b0f2f0cebdb051","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorresen, P. Marcos mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":37020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marcos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brinck, Kevin W.","contributorId":78215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinck","given":"Kevin W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farmer, Chris","contributorId":150179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farmer","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plentovich, Sheldon M.","contributorId":173992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plentovich","given":"Sheldon M.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70174178,"text":"sir20165095 - 2016 - Geology, hydrology, water quality, and potential for interbasin invasive-species spread by way of the groundwater pathway near Lemont, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T09:41:39","indexId":"sir20165095","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-23T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5095","title":"Geology, hydrology, water quality, and potential for interbasin invasive-species spread by way of the groundwater pathway near Lemont, Illinois","docAbstract":"Invasive species such as Asian carps have the potential to travel in the egg, larval, or fry stages from the Des Plaines River (DPR) to the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC) by way of the network of secondary-permeability features in the dolomite aquifer between these water bodies. Such movement would circumvent the electric fish barrier on the canal and allow Asian carps to travel unimpeded into Lake Michigan. This potential pathway for the spread of Asian carps and other invasive species was evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey.
The bed of the DPR appears to be in at least partial contact with the exposed bedrock in most of the area from about 1 mile west of Kingery Highway to Romeo Road (the study area). Areas of exposed bedrock are the most likely places for Asian carps to enter the groundwater system from the DPR. Water levels in the DPR typically are about 7–16 feet higher than those in the CSSC in most of the study area. This difference in water level provides the driving force for the potential spread of Asian carps from the DPR to the CSSC by way of groundwater.
Groundwater flow (and potentially invasive-species movement) is through an interconnected network of permeable vertical and horizontal fractures within the Silurian dolomite bedrock. At least some of the fractures are associated with paleo-karst features. Several investigative techniques identified horizontal permeable fractures at about 546–552 feet above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 within about 55 feet of the CSSC in the focus area between Lemont Road and Interstate 355. The elevation of the bottom of the CSSC in this area is about 551 feet, indicating that a direct conduit for flow of groundwater to the CSSC may be present. Wells further away from the CSSC in this area do not intercept fractures, so the fracture network may not be continuous between the DPR and the CSSC. These data are consistent with field observations of the secondary-permeability network along the CSSC walls, which indicate that the secondary-permeability features are completely filled with Pennsylvanian sediments within a few feet of the canal wall.
Water-level data indicate the potential for flow from the DPR into the Silurian aquifer in the focus area, then from the aquifer to the CSSC. Water-level data also indicate that the fractures within the aquifer in the focus area are hydraulically well connected to the CSSC but not to the DPR, indicating that flow from the DPR to the groundwater system may not be substantial or rapid.
Water-quality data in the CSSC and the DPR show similar values and trends and are affected by diel and longer term variations in climate and precipitation. However, the values and trends in water quality in the groundwater system tended to be substantially different from those in the DPR and the CSSC, indicating that the DPR and the CSSC do not appreciably recharge the groundwater system. Water-quality and flow data do indicate that groundwater discharges to the CSSC in part of the focus area. The absence of substantial hydraulic interaction between the groundwater and the DPR is supported by the absence of detectable concentrations of the dye tracer added to the DPR in groundwater in the focus area, which indicates that water from the DPR requires more than 2 weeks to move into the monitored parts of the groundwater system under approximately typical hydraulic conditions. The totality of the data indicates that there is minimal potential for the inter-basin spread of Asian carps by way of the groundwater pathway between Romeo Road and Stickney, Illinois.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative ","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Mills, P.C., and Jackson, P.R., 2016, Geology, hydrology, water quality, and potential for interbasin invasive-species spread by way of the groundwater pathway near Lemont, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5095, 91 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165095.","productDescription":"ix, 91 p.","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036386","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438562,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HH6H55","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatial distribution of Rhodamine WT dye concentration measured in the Des Plaines River and the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Chicago, IL in November 2011"},{"id":438561,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7S180KR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Doppler current profiler velocity data collected in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal in 2010 and 2011 in support of the interbasin transport study for invasive Asian carp"},{"id":438560,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7N877WG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality distribution in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, USGS towed multiparameter sonde, Daily tow data files (Feb. 25-27, 2010 and March 2-3, 2010)"},{"id":327111,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5095/sir20165095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5095"},{"id":327110,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5095/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Lemont","otherGeospatial":"Des Plaines River, Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Illinois Canal and Michigan Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.53082275390625,\n 41.43860847395724\n ],\n [\n -88.37677001953125,\n 41.46125371076149\n ],\n [\n -88.37127685546875,\n 42.3179394544685\n ],\n [\n -87.84393310546875,\n 42.309815415686664\n ],\n [\n -87.64068603515625,\n 42.05948945192712\n ],\n [\n -87.53082275390625,\n 41.75287318430239\n ],\n [\n -87.53082275390625,\n 41.43860847395724\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 N Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Or visit our Web site at:
http://il.water.usgs.gov
Although winter is a critically important period for stream salmonids, aspects of the ecology of several species are poorly understood. Consequently, we examined the diel feeding ecology of subyearling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during winter in a central New York stream. Rainbow trout diet was significantly different during each 4-h interval and also differed from the drift and benthos. Feeding was significantly greater during darkness (i.e. 20:00 h – 04:00 h) than during daylight hours (i.e. 08:00 h – 16:00 h), peaking at 20:00 h. Daily food consumption (1.9 mg) and daily ration (3.4 %) during winter were substantially lower than previously reported for subyearling rainbow trout in the same stream during summer. These findings provide important new insights into the winter feeding ecology of juvenile rainbow trout in streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10641-016-0521-x","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Chalupnicki, M., and Abbett, R., 2016, Feeding periodicity, diet composition, and food consumption of subyearling rainbow trout in winter: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 99, no. 10, p. 771-778, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-016-0521-x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"778","ipdsId":"IP-078855","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","volume":"99","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd6599e4b03fd6b7de7257","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalupnicki, Marc 0000-0002-3792-9345 mchalupnicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3792-9345","contributorId":173643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalupnicki","given":"Marc","email":"mchalupnicki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abbett, Ross 0000-0001-6276-5541 rabbett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-5541","contributorId":4359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbett","given":"Ross","email":"rabbett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175972,"text":"70175972 - 2016 - Noise reduction in long‐period seismograms by way of array summing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T16:09:00","indexId":"70175972","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Noise reduction in long‐period seismograms by way of array summing","docAbstract":"Long‐period (>100 s period) seismic data can often be dominated by instrumental noise as well as local site noise. When multiple collocated sensors are installed at a single site, it is possible to improve the overall station noise levels by applying stacking methods to their traces. We look at the noise reduction in long‐period seismic data by applying the time–frequency phase‐weighted stacking method of Schimmel and Gallart (2007) as well as the phase‐weighted stacking (PWS) method of Schimmel and Paulssen (1997) to four collocated broadband sensors installed in the quiet Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory underground vault. We show that such stacking methods can improve vertical noise levels by as much as 10 dB over the mean background noise levels at 400 s period, suggesting that greater improvements could be achieved with an array involving multiple sensors. We also apply this method to reduce local incoherent noise on horizontal seismic records of the 2 March 2016 Mw 7.8 Sumatra earthquake, where the incoherent noise levels at very long periods are similar in amplitude to the earthquake signal. To maximize the coherency, we apply the PWS method to horizontal data where relative azimuths between collocated sensors are estimated and compared with a simpler linear stack with no azimuthal rotation. Such methods could help reduce noise levels at various seismic stations where multiple high‐quality sensors have been deployed. Such small arrays may also provide a solution to improving long‐period noise levels at Global Seismographic Network stations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120160129","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., Wilson, D.C., Storm, T., Marshall, B.T., Hutt, C.R., and Holland, A., 2016, Noise reduction in long‐period seismograms by way of array summing: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 5, p. 1991-1997, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160129.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1991","endPage":"1997","ipdsId":"IP-076728","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd659ae4b03fd6b7de7267","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":145576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storm, Tyler 0000-0002-6787-9545 tstorm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-9545","contributorId":152165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"Tyler","email":"tstorm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marshall, Benjamin T.","contributorId":173968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16157,"text":"Honeywell Technology Solutions Incoporation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holland, Austin 0000-0002-7843-1981 aaholland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7843-1981","contributorId":173969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"Austin","email":"aaholland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70175982,"text":"70175982 - 2016 - A call to insect scientists: Challenges and opportunities of managing insect communities under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T15:52:31","indexId":"70175982","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5191,"text":"Current Opinion in Insect Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A call to insect scientists: Challenges and opportunities of managing insect communities under climate change","docAbstract":"As climate change moves insect systems into uncharted territory, more knowledge about insect dynamics and the factors that drive them could enable us to better manage and conserve insect communities. Climate change may also require us revisit insect management goals and strategies and lead to a new kind of scientific engagement in management decision-making. Here we make five key points about the role of insect science in aiding and crafting management decisions, and we illustrate those points with the monarch butterfly and the Karner blue butterfly, two species undergoing considerable change and facing new management dilemmas. Insect biology has a strong history of engagement in applied problems, and as the impacts of climate change increase, a reimagined ethic of entomology in service of broader society may emerge. We hope to motivate insect biologists to contribute time and effort toward solving the challenges of climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2016.08.005","usgsCitation":"Hellmann, J.J., Grundel, R., Hoving, C., and Schuurman, G.W., 2016, A call to insect scientists: Challenges and opportunities of managing insect communities under climate change: Current Opinion in Insect Science, v. 17, p. 92-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2016.08.005.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"97","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076809","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327749,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd6599e4b03fd6b7de7253","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.cois.2016.08.005","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2016.08.005","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Hellmann Jessica J, Grundel Ralph, Hoving Chris, Schuurman Gregor W","journalName":"Current Opinion in Insect Science","publicationDate":"10/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hellmann, Jessica J.","contributorId":151010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hellmann","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16905,"text":"University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grundel, Ralph 0000-0002-2949-7087 rgrundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-7087","contributorId":2444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"Ralph","email":"rgrundel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoving, Chris","contributorId":173974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoving","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27328,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schuurman, Gregor W.","contributorId":173975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuurman","given":"Gregor","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5106,"text":"National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175980,"text":"70175980 - 2016 - Transition of vegetation states positively affects harvester ants in the Great Basin, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:21:49","indexId":"70175980","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transition of vegetation states positively affects harvester ants in the Great Basin, United States","docAbstract":"Invasions by non-native plants can alter ecosystems such that new ecological states are reached, but less is known about how these transitions influence animal populations. Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) ecosystems are experiencing state changes because of fire and invasion by exotic annual grasses. Our goal was to study the effects of these state changes on the Owyhee and western harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex salinusOlsen and P. occidentalis Cresson, respectively). We sampled 358 1-ha plots across the northern Great Basin, which captured unburned and burned conditions across 1 −≥31 years postfire. Our results indicated an immediate and consistent change in vegetation states from shrubland to grassland between 1 and 31 years postfire. Harvester ant occupancy was unrelated to time since fire, whereas we observed a positive effect of fire on nest density. Similarly, we discovered that fire and invasion by exotic annuals were weak predictors of harvester ant occupancy but strong predictors of nest density. Occupancy of harvester ants was more likely in areas with finer-textured soils, low precipitation, abundant native forbs, and low shrub cover. Nest density was higher in arid locations that recently burned and exhibited abundant exotic annual and perennial (exotic and native) grasses. Finally, we discovered that burned areas that received postfire restoration had minimal influence on harvester ant occupancy or nest density compared with burned and untreated areas. These results suggest that fire-induced state changes from native shrublands to grasslands dominated by non-native grasses have a positive effect on density of harvester ants (but not occupancy), and that postfire restoration does not appear to positively or negatively affect harvester ants. Although wildfire and invasion by exotic annual grasses may negatively affect other species, harvester ants may indeed be one of the few winners among a myriad of losers linked to vegetation state changes within sagebrush ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","publisherLocation":"Lakewood, CO","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2016.06.009","usgsCitation":"Holbrook, J.D., Pilliod, D.S., Arkle, R., Rachlow, J.L., Vierling, K.T., and Wiest, M.M., 2016, Transition of vegetation states positively affects harvester ants in the Great Basin, United States: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 69, no. 6, p. 449-456, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2016.06.009.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"456","ipdsId":"IP-071012","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2016.06.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327639,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","volume":"69","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd659ae4b03fd6b7de727b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holbrook, Joseph D.","contributorId":140098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13384,"text":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":149254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arkle, Robert 0000-0003-3021-1389 rarkle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3021-1389","contributorId":149893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arkle","given":"Robert","email":"rarkle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rachlow, Janet L.","contributorId":69298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rachlow","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vierling, Kerri T.","contributorId":140099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vierling","given":"Kerri","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13384,"text":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wiest, Michelle M.","contributorId":173973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiest","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176540,"text":"70176540 - 2016 - Climate warming reduces fish production and benthic habitat in Lake Tanganyika, one of the most biodiverse freshwater ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-21T12:35:47","indexId":"70176540","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate warming reduces fish production and benthic habitat in Lake Tanganyika, one of the most biodiverse freshwater ecosystems","docAbstract":"Warming climates are rapidly transforming lake ecosystems worldwide, but the breadth of changes in tropical lakes is poorly documented. Sustainable management of freshwater fisheries and biodiversity requires accounting for historical and ongoing stressors such as climate change and harvest intensity. This is problematic in tropical Africa, where records of ecosystem change are limited and local populations rely heavily on lakes for nutrition. Here, using a ∼1,500-y paleoecological record, we show that declines in fishery species and endemic molluscs began well before commercial fishing in Lake Tanganyika, Africa’s deepest and oldest lake. Paleoclimate and instrumental records demonstrate sustained warming in this lake during the last ∼150 y, which affects biota by strengthening and shallowing stratification of the water column. Reductions in lake mixing have depressed algal production and shrunk the oxygenated benthic habitat by 38% in our study areas, yielding fish and mollusc declines. Late-20th century fish fossil abundances at two of three sites were lower than at any other time in the last millennium and fell in concert with reduced diatom abundance and warming water. A negative correlation between lake temperature and fish and mollusc fossils over the last ∼500 y indicates that climate warming and intensifying stratification have almost certainly reduced potential fishery production, helping to explain ongoing declines in fish catches. Long-term declines of both benthic and pelagic species underscore the urgency of strategic efforts to sustain Lake Tanganyika’s extraordinary biodiversity and ecosystem services.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1603237113","usgsCitation":"Cohen, A.S., Gergurich, E.L., Kraemer, B.M., McGlue, M., McIntyre, P.B., Russell, J.M., Simmons, J.D., and Swarzenski, P.W., 2016, Climate warming reduces fish production and benthic habitat in Lake Tanganyika, one of the most biodiverse freshwater ecosystems: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 113, no. 34, p. 9563-9568, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603237113.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9563","endPage":"9568","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075949","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603237113","text":"External 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Our approach begins by specifying a spatially random slip distribution that has a roughly wavenumber‐squared fall‐off. Given a hypocenter, the rupture speed is specified to average about 75%–80% of the local shear wavespeed and the prescribed slip‐rate function has a Kostrov‐like shape with a fault‐averaged rise time that scales self‐similarly with the seismic moment. Both the rupture time and rise time include significant local perturbations across the fault surface specified by spatially random fields that are partially correlated with the underlying slip distribution. We represent velocity‐strengthening fault zones in the shallow (<5 km) and deep (>15 km) crust by decreasing rupture speed and increasing rise time in these regions. Additional refinements to this approach include the incorporation of geometric perturbations to the fault surface, 3D stochastic correlated perturbations to the P‐ and S‐wave velocity structure, and a damage zone surrounding the shallow fault surface characterized by a 30% reduction in seismic velocity. We demonstrate the approach using a suite of simulations for a hypothetical Mw 6.45 strike‐slip earthquake embedded in a generalized hard‐rock velocity structure. The simulation results are compared with the median predictions from the 2014 Next Generation Attenuation‐West2 Project ground‐motion prediction equations and show very good agreement over the frequency band 0.1–5 Hz for distances out to 25 km from the fault. Additionally, the newly added features act to reduce the coherency of the radiated higher frequency (f>1 Hz) ground motions, and homogenize radiation‐pattern effects in this same bandwidth, which move the simulations closer to the statistical characteristics of observed motions as illustrated by comparison with recordings from the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120160088","usgsCitation":"Graves, R., and Pitarka, A., 2016, Kinematic ground motion simulations on rough faults including effects of 3D stochastic velocity perturbations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 5, p. 2136-2153, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160088.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"2136","endPage":"2153","ipdsId":"IP-073867","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1420289","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548bee4b01ccd54fddfae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, Robert 0000-0001-9758-453X rwgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":140738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitarka, Arben","contributorId":184062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitarka","given":"Arben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175941,"text":"70175941 - 2016 - Sulfur species in source rock bitumen before and after hydrous pyrolysis determined by X-ray absorption near-edge structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T16:00:37","indexId":"70175941","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-22T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur species in source rock bitumen before and after hydrous pyrolysis determined by X-ray absorption near-edge structure","docAbstract":"The sulfur speciation of source rock bitumen (chloroform-extractable organic matter in sedimentary rocks) was examined using sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy for a suite of 11 source rocks from around the world. Sulfur speciation was determined for both the native bitumen in thermally immature rocks and the bitumen produced by thermal maturation of kerogen via hydrous pyrolysis (360 °C for 72 h) and retained within the rock matrix. In this study, the immature bitumens had higher sulfur concentrations than those extracted from samples after hydrous pyrolysis. In addition, dramatic and systematic evolution of the bitumen sulfur moiety distributions following artificial thermal maturation was observed consistently for all samples. Specifically, sulfoxide sulfur (sulfur double bonded to oxygen) is abundant in all immature bitumen samples but decreases substantially following hydrous pyrolysis. The loss in sulfoxide sulfur is associated with a relative increase in the fraction of thiophene sulfur (sulfur bonded to aromatic carbon) to the extent that thiophene is the dominant sulfur form in all post-pyrolysis bitumen samples. This suggests that sulfur moiety distributions might be used for estimating thermal maturity in source rocks based on the character of the extractable organic matter.
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