{"pageNumber":"1043","pageRowStart":"26050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40837,"records":[{"id":70029057,"text":"70029057 - 2005 - Prey consumption and energy transfer by marine birds in the Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:27:48","indexId":"70029057","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Prey consumption and energy transfer by marine birds in the Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>We investigated prey consumption by marine birds and their contribution to cross-shelf fluxes in the northern Gulf of Alaska. We utilized data from the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database for modeling energy demand and prey consumption. We found that prey consumption by marine birds was much greater over the continental shelf than it was over the basin. Over the shelf, subsurface-foraging marine birds dominated food consumption, whereas over the basin, surface-foraging birds took the most prey biomass. Daily consumption by marine birds during the non-breeding season (\"winter\") from September through April was greater than daily consumption during the breeding season, between May and August. Over the shelf, shearwaters, murres and, in winter, sea ducks, were the most important consumers. Over the basin, northern fulmars, gulls and kittiwakes predominated in winter and storm-petrels dominated in May to August. Our results suggest that marine birds contribute little to cross-shelf fluxes of energy or matter, but they do remove energy from the marine system through consumption, respiration and migration. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.024","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Hunt, G., Drew, G., Jahncke, J., and Piatt, J.F., 2005, Prey consumption and energy transfer by marine birds in the Gulf of Alaska, <i>in</i> Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 52, no. 5-6, p. 781-797, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.024.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"797","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477708,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42f839ng","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210654,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.024"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b7be4b0c8380cd7e272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, G.L. Jr.","contributorId":56020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"G.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, G.S.","contributorId":95415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jahncke, J.","contributorId":74192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahncke","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029054,"text":"70029054 - 2005 - Mid-Pliocene deep-sea bottom-water temperatures based on ostracode Mg/Ca ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T16:16:48","indexId":"70029054","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Pliocene deep-sea bottom-water temperatures based on ostracode Mg/Ca ratios","docAbstract":"We studied magnesium:calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios in shells of the deep-sea ostracode genus Krithe from a short interval in the middle Pliocene between 3.29 and 2.97 Ma using deep-sea drilling sites in the North and South Atlantic in order to estimate bottom water temperatures (BWT) during a period of climatic warmth. Results from DSDP and ODP Sites 552A, 610A, 607, 658A, 659A, 661A and 704 for the period Ma reveal both depth and latitudinal gradients of mean Mg/Ca values. Shallower sites (552A, 610A and 607) have higher mean Mg/Ca ratios (10.3, 9.7, 10.1 mmol/mol) than deeper sites (661A, 6.3 mmol/mol), and high latitude North Atlantic sites (552A, 610A, 607) have higher Mg/Ca ratios than low latitude (658A: 9.8 mmol/mol, 659A: 7.7 mmol/mol, 661A: 6.3 mmol/mol) and Southern Ocean (704: 8.0 mmol/mol) sites. Converting Mg/Ca ratios into estimated temperatures using the calibration of Dwyer et al. (1995) [Dwyer, G.S., Cronin, T.M., Baker, P.A., Raymo, M.E., Buzas, J.S., Corre??ge, T., 1995. North Atlantic deepwater temperature change during late Pliocene and late Quaternary climatic cycles. Science 270, 1347-1351] suggests that mean middle Pliocene bottom water temperatures at the study sites in the deep Atlantic were about the same as modern temperatures. However, brief pulses of elevated BWT occurred several times between 3.29 and 2.97 Ma in both the North and South Atlantic Ocean suggesting short-term changes in deep ocean circulation.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2004.12.003","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Dowsett, H., Dwyer, G., Baker, P., and Chandler, M., 2005, Mid-Pliocene deep-sea bottom-water temperatures based on ostracode Mg/Ca ratios: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 54, no. 3-4, p. 249-261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2004.12.003.","productDescription":"13","startPage":"249","endPage":"261","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":237577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56bfe4b0c8380cd6d7ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":421153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, Gary S.","contributorId":67642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"Gary S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baker, P.A.","contributorId":55148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chandler, M.A.","contributorId":26874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029048,"text":"70029048 - 2005 - From the field: Brown bear habituation to people — Safety, risks, and benefits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T16:56:13.332853","indexId":"70029048","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From the field: Brown bear habituation to people — Safety, risks, and benefits","docAbstract":"<p>Recently, brown bear (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) viewing has increased in coastal Alaska and British Columbia, as well as in interior areas such as Yellowstone National Park. Viewing is most often being done under conditions that offer acceptable safety to both people and bears. We analyze and comment on the underlying processes that lead brown bears to tolerate people at close range. Although habituation is an important process influencing the distance at which bears tolerate people, other variables also modify levels of bear-to-human tolerance. Because bears may react internally with energetic costs before showing an overt reaction to humans, we propose a new term, the Overt Reaction Distance, to emphasize that what we observe is the external reaction of a bear. In this paper we conceptually analyze bear viewing in terms of benefits and risks to people and bears. We conclude that managers and policy-makers must develop site-specific plans that identify the extent to which bear-to-human habituation and tolerance will be permitted. The proposed management needs scientific underpinning. It is our belief that bear viewing, where appropriate, may promote conservation of bear populations, habitats, and ecosystems as it instills respect and concern in those who participate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[362:FTFBBH]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Herrero, S., Smith, T., DeBruyn, T.D., Gunther, K., and Matt, C.A., 2005, From the field: Brown bear habituation to people — Safety, risks, and benefits: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 1, p. 362-373, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[362:FTFBBH]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"373","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.9375,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.484375,\n              57.89149735271034\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.17578125,\n              59.80063426102869\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.328125,\n              60.84491057364912\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.64453125,\n              62.512317938386914\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.3671875,\n              60.326947742998414\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.19140625,\n              58.53959476664049\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.73046875,\n              58.07787626787517\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.45312499999997,\n              53.12040528310657\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.4140625,\n              57.98480801923985\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.77734375,\n              59.80063426102869\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.4609375,\n              57.61010702068388\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.12109375,\n              53.64463782485651\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.74999999999999,\n              47.754097979680026\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.9375,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              43.99281450048989\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              43.99281450048989\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              44.933696389694674\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              44.933696389694674\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              43.99281450048989\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13ffe4b0c8380cd54870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herrero, Stephen","contributorId":39269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrero","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Tom","contributorId":207440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":6681,"text":"Brigham Young University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":421123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeBruyn, Terry D.","contributorId":173960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeBruyn","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gunther, Kerry","contributorId":17929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"Kerry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matt, Colleen A.","contributorId":189634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matt","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029043,"text":"70029043 - 2005 - Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observations of Iapetus: Detection of CO2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70029043","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":917,"text":"Astrophysical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observations of Iapetus: Detection of CO2","docAbstract":"The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument aboard the Cassini spacecraft obtained its first spectral map of the satellite lapetus in which new absorption bands are seen in the spectra of both the low-albedo hemisphere and the H2O ice-rich hemisphere. Carbon dioxide is identified in the low-albedo material, probably as a photochemically produced molecule that is trapped in H2O ice or in some mineral or complex organic solid. Other absorption bands are unidentified. The spectrum of the low-albedo hemisphere is satisfactorily modeled with a combination of organic tholin, poly-HCN, and small amounts of H2O ice and Fe 2O3. The high-albedo hemisphere is modeled with H 2O ice slightly darkened with tholin. The detection of CO2 in the low-albedo material on the leading hemisphere supports the contention that it is carbon-bearing material from an external source that has been swept up by the satellite's orbital motion. ?? 2005. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Astrophysical Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/429800","issn":"0004637X","usgsCitation":"Buratti, B.J., Cruikshank, D.P., Brown, R.H., Clark, R.N., Bauer, J., Jaumann, R., McCord, T.B., Simonelli, D., Hibbitts, C.A., Hansen, G.B., Owen, T., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Mennella, V., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Roush, T.L., Soderlund, K., and Muradyan, A., 2005, Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observations of Iapetus: Detection of CO2: Astrophysical Journal, v. 622, no. 2 II, https://doi.org/10.1086/429800.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477952,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/429800","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209680,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/429800"}],"volume":"622","issue":"2 II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f38ee4b0c8380cd4b899","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bauer, J.M.","contributorId":88543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Simonelli, D.P.","contributorId":42373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonelli","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hibbitts, C. A.","contributorId":21703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hansen, G. 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D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Roush, T. L.","contributorId":77661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roush","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Soderlund, K.","contributorId":80883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderlund","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Muradyan, A.","contributorId":52380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muradyan","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}}
,{"id":70029042,"text":"70029042 - 2005 - Limiting similarity and functional diversity along environmental gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70029042","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limiting similarity and functional diversity along environmental gradients","docAbstract":"Recent developments in community models emphasize the importance of incorporating stochastic processes (e.g. ecological drift) in models of niche-structured community assembly. We constructed a finite, spatially explicit, lottery model to simulate the distribution of species in a one-dimensional landscape with an underlying gradient in environmental conditions. Our framework combines the potential for ecological drift with environmentally-mediated competition for space in a heterogeneous environment. We examined the influence of niche breadth, dispersal distances, community size (total number of individuals) and the breadth of the environmental gradient on levels of species and functional trait diversity (i.e. differences in niche optima). Three novel results emerge from this model: (1) niche differences between adjacent species (e.g. limiting similarity) increase in smaller communities, because of the interaction of competitive effects and finite population sizes; (2) immigration from a regional species pool, stochasticity and niche-assembly generate a bimodal distribution of species residence times ('transient' and 'resident') under a heterogeneous environment; and (3) the magnitude of environmental heterogeneity has a U-shaped effect on diversity, because of shifts in species richness of resident vs. transient species. These predictions illustrate the potential importance of stochastic (although not necessarily neutral) processes in community assembly. ??2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00720.x","issn":"1461023X","usgsCitation":"Schwilk, D., and Ackerly, D., 2005, Limiting similarity and functional diversity along environmental gradients: Ecology Letters, v. 8, no. 3, p. 272-281, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00720.x.","startPage":"272","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209679,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00720.x"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4794e4b0c8380cd678df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwilk, D.W.","contributorId":29770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwilk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerly, D. D.","contributorId":94077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerly","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029041,"text":"70029041 - 2005 - Speciation of mercury and mode of transport from placer gold mine tailings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70029041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation of mercury and mode of transport from placer gold mine tailings","docAbstract":"Historic placer gold mining in the Clear Creek tributary to the Sacramento River (Redding, CA) has highly impacted the hydrology and ecology of an important salmonid spawning stream. Restoration of the watershed utilized dredge tailings contaminated with mercury (Hg) introduced during gold mining, posing the possibility of persistent Hg release to the surrounding environment, including the San Francisco Bay Delta. Column experiments have been performed to evaluate the extent of Hg transport under chemical conditions potentially similar to those in river restoration projects utilizing dredge tailings such as at Clear Creek. Physicochemical perturbations, in the form of shifts in column influent ionic strength and the presence of a low molecular weight organic acid, were applied to coarse and fine sand placer tailings containing 109-194 and 69-90 ng of Hg/g, respectively. Significant concentrations of mercury, up to 16 ??g/L, leach from these sediments in dissolved and particle-associated forms. Sequential chemical extractions (SCE) of these tailings indicate that elemental Hg initially introduced during gold mining has been transformed to readily soluble species, such as mercury oxides and chlorides (3-4%), intermediately extractable phases that likely include (in)organic sorption complexes and amalgams (75-87%), and fractions of highly insoluble forms such as mercury sulfides (6-20%; e.g., cinnabar and metacinnabar). Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopic analysis of colloids obtained from column effluent identified cinnabar particles as the dominant mobile mercury-bearing phase. The fraction of intermediately extractable Hg phases also likely includes mobile colloids to which Hg is adsorbed. ?? 2005 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es049113z","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Slowey, A., Rytuba, J.J., and Brown, G.E., 2005, Speciation of mercury and mode of transport from placer gold mine tailings: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1547-1554, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049113z.","startPage":"1547","endPage":"1554","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209751,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049113z"},{"id":236453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94ece4b08c986b31acc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slowey, A.J.","contributorId":9445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slowey","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Gordon E. Jr.","contributorId":10166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029040,"text":"70029040 - 2005 - The ubiquitous nature of accessory calcite in granitoid rocks: Implications for weathering, solute evolution, and petrogenesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T07:55:59","indexId":"70029040","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ubiquitous nature of accessory calcite in granitoid rocks: Implications for weathering, solute evolution, and petrogenesis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Calcite is frequently cited as a source of excess Ca, Sr and alkalinity in solutes discharging from silicate terrains yet, no previous effort has been made to assess systematically the overall abundance, composition and petrogenesis of accessory calcite in granitoid rocks. This study addresses this issue by analyzing a worldwide distribution of more than 100 granitoid rocks. Calcite is found to be universally present in a concentration range between 0.028 to 18.8 g kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(mean = 2.52 g kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). Calcite occurrences include small to large isolated anhedral grains, fracture and cavity infillings, and sericitized cores of plagioclase. No correlation exists between the amount of calcite present and major rock oxide compositions, including CaO. Ion microprobe analyses of in situ calcite grains indicate relatively low Sr (120 to 660 ppm), negligible Rb and&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr ratios equal to or higher than those of coexisting plagioclase. Solutes, including Ca and alkalinity produced by batch leaching of the granitoid rocks (5% CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;in DI water for 75 d at 25°C), are dominated by the dissolution of calcite relative to silicate minerals. The correlation of these parameters with higher calcite concentrations decreases as leachates approach thermodynamic saturation. In longer term column experiments (1.5 yr), reactive calcite becomes exhausted, solute Ca and Sr become controlled by feldspar dissolution and&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr by biotite oxidation. Some accessory calcite in granitoid rocks is related to intrusion into carbonate wall rock or produced by later hydrothermal alteration. However, the ubiquitous occurrence of calcite also suggests formation during late stage (subsolidus) magmatic processes. This conclusion is supported by petrographic observations and&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr analyses. A review of thermodynamic data indicates that at moderate pressures and reasonable CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;fugacities, calcite is a stable phase at temperatures of 400 to 700°C.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2004.09.012","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Lowenstern, J.B., Vivit, D., and Bullen, T., 2005, The ubiquitous nature of accessory calcite in granitoid rocks: Implications for weathering, solute evolution, and petrogenesis: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 6, p. 1455-1471, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.09.012.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1455","endPage":"1471","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209750,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.09.012"}],"volume":"69","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb146e4b08c986b3252a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, M. S.","contributorId":7299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vivit, D.V.","contributorId":28609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivit","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029039,"text":"70029039 - 2005 - Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion, Part II: Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 northridge earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T13:48:35","indexId":"70029039","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion, Part II: Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 northridge earthquake","docAbstract":"<p>In the evolution of methods for calculating synthetic time histories of ground motion for postulated earthquakes, kinematic source models have dominated to date because of their ease of application. Dynamic models, however, which incorporate a physical relationship between important faulting parameters of stress drop, slip, rupture velocity, and rise time, are becoming more accessible. This article compares a class of kinematic models based on the summation of a fractal distribution of subevent sizes with a dynamic model based on the slip-weakening friction law. Kinematic modeling is done for the frequency band 0.2 to 10.0. Hz, dynamic models are calculated from 0.2 to 2.0. Hz. The strong motion data set for the 1994 Northridge earthquake is used to evaluate and compare the synthetic time histories. Source models are propagated to the far field by convolution with 1D and 3D theoretical Green&rsquo;s functions. In addition, the kinematic model is used to evaluate the importance of propagation path effects: velocity structure, scattering, and nonlinearity. At present, the kinematic model gives a better broadband fit to the Northridge ground motion than the simple slip-weakening dynamic model. In general, the dynamic model overpredicts rise times and produces insufficient shorter-period energy. Within the context of the slip-weakening model, the Northridge ground motion requires a short slip-weakening distance, on the order of 0.15 m or less. A more complex dynamic model including rate weakening or one that allows shorter rise times near the hypocenter may fit the data better.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120040136","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., Guatteri, M., Mai, P., Liu, P., and Fisk, M.R., 2005, Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion, Part II: Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 northridge earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 2, p. 614-645, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040136.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"614","endPage":"645","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209724,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040136"}],"volume":"95","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f301e4b0c8380cd4b53f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guatteri, Mariagiovanna","contributorId":29979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guatteri","given":"Mariagiovanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mai, P.M.","contributorId":32712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mai","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, P.-C.","contributorId":25339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"P.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisk, M. R.","contributorId":17031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisk","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":421060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029037,"text":"70029037 - 2005 - Naturally occurring secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism in cattle egrets (<i>Bubulcus ibis</i>) from Central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T14:00:28.502177","indexId":"70029037","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Naturally occurring secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism in cattle egrets (<i>Bubulcus ibis</i>) from Central Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Naturally occurring secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism is described in the nestlings of two colonies of cattle egrets (</span><i>Bubulcus ibis</i><span>) from Central Texas (Bryan and San Antonio, Texas, USA). Nestlings from a third colony (Waco, Texas, USA) were collected in a subsequent year for comparison. Birds from the first two colonies consistently had severe osteopenia and associated curving deformities and folding fractures of their long bones. These birds also had reduced bone ash, increased osteoclasia, a marked decrease in osteoblast activity, variable lengthening and shortening of the hypertrophic zone of the epiphyseal cartilage, decreased and disorganized formation of new bone, and a marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands as compared to birds collected from the third colony. Fibrous osteodystrophy was found in all of the birds from San Antonio and Bryan. Evidence of moderate to severe calcium deficiency was also identified in 33% of the cattle egrets collected from Waco. Gut contents of affected chicks contained predominately grasshoppers and crickets; vertebrate prey items were absent from the Bryan birds. Grasshoppers and crickets collected from fields frequented by the adult egrets in 1994 had 0.12–0.28% calcium and 0.76–0.81% phosphorus. Pooled grasshoppers and crickets collected during a subsequent wet early spring averaged 0.24% calcium and 0.65% phosphorus. Although the phosphorus content of the insect prey was adequate for growth, calcium was approximately one-third the minimum calcium requirement needed for growth for other species of birds. It was postulated that cattle egrets breeding in Central Texas have expanded their range into habitat that contains less vertebrate prey, and as a result, many nestling egrets are being fed diets that contain suboptimal calcium. Therefore, in years where vertebrate prey is scarce and forage for insect prey is reduced in calcium, nestling egrets are at risk for developing secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-41.2.401","usgsCitation":"Phalen, D.N., Drew, M.L., Contreras, C., Roset, K., and Mora, M.A., 2005, Naturally occurring secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism in cattle egrets (<i>Bubulcus ibis</i>) from Central Texas: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 41, no. 2, p. 401-415, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-41.2.401.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"415","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477837,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-41.2.401","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Bryan, San Antonio, Waco","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.00878906249999,\n              28.844673680771795\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.58056640625,\n              28.844673680771795\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.58056640625,\n              30.002516938570686\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.00878906249999,\n              30.002516938570686\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.00878906249999,\n              28.844673680771795\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.53662109375,\n              31.236288641793006\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.90490722656249,\n              31.236288641793006\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.90490722656249,\n              31.751525328078905\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.53662109375,\n              31.751525328078905\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.53662109375,\n              31.236288641793006\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.55059814453125,\n              30.45932812026586\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.1578369140625,\n              30.45932812026586\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.1578369140625,\n              30.791396195188927\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.55059814453125,\n              30.791396195188927\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.55059814453125,\n              30.45932812026586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a638be4b0c8380cd72556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phalen, David N.","contributorId":30740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phalen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, Mark L.","contributorId":169527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drew","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25555,"text":"Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":421053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Contreras, C.","contributorId":49968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Contreras","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roset, K.","contributorId":89327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roset","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mora, Miguel A. 0000-0002-8393-0216","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0216","contributorId":46643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"Miguel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029033,"text":"70029033 - 2005 - Relationship between occurrence mode of arsenic in coal and its washing rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70029033","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3232,"text":"Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao/Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between occurrence mode of arsenic in coal and its washing rate","docAbstract":"Based on the analysis of 15 raw coals and washed coals collected from Southwestern, the washing rate of arsenic, sulfur and ash from raw coals was studied. The average washing rate of arsenic in raw coal is 38%. Arsenic of raw coals is mainly associated with pyrite and sulfide. However, arsenic of some raw coals is mainly or wholly associated with organic matter and mineral enwrapped by organic matter. It is difficult to remove such part of arsenic and it will enrich in the washed coals. The results show that there is a little relationship between occurrence mode of arsenic associated with organic sulfur and rank of coal, but it is complicated with age of coal-bearing strata.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao/Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Chinese","issn":"02532409","usgsCitation":"Wang, M., Zheng, B., Finkelman, R.B., Hu, J., Wu, D., and Li, S., 2005, Relationship between occurrence mode of arsenic in coal and its washing rate: Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao/Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, v. 33, no. 2, p. 253-256.","startPage":"253","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a736e4b0e8fec6cdc3fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, M.-S.","contributorId":56429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"M.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zheng, B.-S.","contributorId":63594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"B.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hu, Jiawen","contributorId":41630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Jiawen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wu, D.-S.","contributorId":8271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"D.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, S.-H.","contributorId":45884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029030,"text":"70029030 - 2005 - Subsurface structure and kinematics of the Calaveras-Hayward fault stepover from three-dimensional V<sub>p</sub> and seismicity, San Francisco Bay region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T11:23:56","indexId":"70029030","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface structure and kinematics of the Calaveras-Hayward fault stepover from three-dimensional V<sub>p</sub> and seismicity, San Francisco Bay region, California","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">The Calaveras and Hayward faults are major components of the San Andreas fault system in the San Francisco Bay region. Dextral slip is presumed to transfer from the Calaveras fault to the Hayward fault in the Mission Hills region, an area of uplift in the contractional stepover between the two faults. Here the estimated deep slip rates drop from 15 to 6 mm/yr on the Calaveras fault, and slip begins on the Hayward fault at an estimated 9 mm/yr. A lineament of microseismicity near the Mission fault links the seismicity on the Calaveras and Hayward faults and is presumed to be related directly to this slip transfer. However, geologic and seismologic evidence suggest that the Mission fault may not be the source of the seismicity and that the Mission fault is not playing a major role in the slip transfer.</p>\n<p id=\"p-2\">We perform a joint inversion for hypocenters and the 3D&nbsp;<i>P</i>-wave velocity structure of the stepover region using 477 earthquakes. We find strong velocity contrasts across the Calaveras and Hayward faults, corroborated by geologic, gravity, and aeromagnetic data. Detailed examination of two seismic lineaments in conjunction with the velocity model and independent geologic and geophysical evidence suggests that they represent the southern extension of a northeasterly dipping Hayward fault that splays off the Calaveras fault, directly accounting for the deep slip transfer. The Mission fault appears to be accommodating deformation within the block between the Hayward and Calaveras faults. Thus, the Calaveras and Hayward faults need to be considered as a single system for developing rupture scenarios for seismic hazard assessments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020202","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Manaker, D.M., Michael, A.J., and Burgmann, R., 2005, Subsurface structure and kinematics of the Calaveras-Hayward fault stepover from three-dimensional V<sub>p</sub> and seismicity, San Francisco Bay region, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 2, p. 446-470, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020202.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"446","endPage":"470","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209652,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120020202"}],"volume":"95","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d8ae4b08c986b31d8e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manaker, David M.","contributorId":93682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manaker","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burgmann, Roland","contributorId":95128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029023,"text":"70029023 - 2005 - Chemical weathering rates of a soil chronosequence on granitic alluvium: III. Hydrochemical evolution and contemporary solute fluxes and rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:37:16","indexId":"70029023","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical weathering rates of a soil chronosequence on granitic alluvium: III. Hydrochemical evolution and contemporary solute fluxes and rates","docAbstract":"<p>Although long-term changes in solid-state compositions of soil chronosequences have been extensively investigated, this study presents the first detailed description of the concurrent hydrochemical evolution and contemporary weathering rates in such sequences. The most direct linkage between weathering and hydrology over 3 million years of soil development in the Merced chronosequence in Central California relates decreasing permeability and increasing hydrologic heterogeneity to the development of secondary argillic horizons and silica duripans. In a highly permeable, younger soil (40 kyr old), pore water solutes reflect seasonal to decadal-scale variations in rainfall and evapotranspiration (ET). This climate signal is strongly damped in less permeable older soils (250 to 600 kyr old) where solutes increasingly reflect weathering inputs modified by heterogeneous flow.</p><p>Elemental balances in the soils are described in terms of solid state, exchange and pore water reservoirs and input/output fluxes from precipitation, ET, biomass, solute discharge and weathering. Solute mineral nutrients are strongly dependent on biomass variations as evidenced by an apparent negative K weathering flux reflecting aggradation by grassland plants. The ratios of solute Na to other base cations progressively increase with soil age. Discharge fluxes of Na and Si, when integrated over geologic time, are comparable to solid-state mass losses in the soils, implying similar past weathering conditions. Similarities in solute and sorbed Ca/Mg ratios reflect short-term equilibrium with the exchange reservoir. Long-term consistency in solute ratios, when contrasted against progressive decreases in solid-state Ca/Mg, requires an additional Ca source, probably from dry deposition.</p><p>Amorphous silica precipitates from thermodynamically-saturated pore waters during periods of high evapotranspiration and result in the formation of duripans in the oldest soils. The degree of feldspar and secondary gibbsite and kaolinite saturation varies both spatially and temporally due to the seasonality of plant-respired CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and a decrease in organically complexed Al. In deeper pore waters, K-feldspar is in equilibrium and plagioclase is about an order of magnitude undersaturated. Hydrologic heterogeneity produces a range of weathering gradients that are constrained by solute distributions and matrix and macropore flow regimes. Plagioclase weathering rates, based on precipitation-corrected Na gradients, vary between 3 and 7 × 10<sup>−16</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>mol m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>. These rates are similar to previously determined solid-state rates but are several orders of magnitude slower than for experimental plagioclase dissolution indicating strong inhibitions to natural weathering, partly due to near-equilibrium weathering reactions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2004.10.003","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Vivit, D., Blum, A., Stonestrom, D.A., and Harden, J., 2005, Chemical weathering rates of a soil chronosequence on granitic alluvium: III. Hydrochemical evolution and contemporary solute fluxes and rates: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 8, p. 1975-1996, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.10.003.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1975","endPage":"1996","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.10.003"}],"volume":"69","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f59be4b0c8380cd4c2fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, M. S.","contributorId":7299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vivit, D.V.","contributorId":28609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivit","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blum, A.E.","contributorId":100514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029019,"text":"70029019 - 2005 - Field occurrences of liquefaction-induced features: A primer for engineering geologic analysis of paleoseismic shaking","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70029019","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field occurrences of liquefaction-induced features: A primer for engineering geologic analysis of paleoseismic shaking","docAbstract":"Discussed in this paper are the factors that control the typical manifestations of liquefaction that are found in continental field settings. The factors are given mainly in terms of the local geologic field situation and the geotechnical properties there. A meaningful interpretation of liquefaction-based data for quantitative analysis of paleoseismic shaking requires understanding of both geologic and geotechnical roles in the mode of ground failure at a specific site. Recommendations are made for the size of the field area that must be searched for liquefaction effects, in order to develop adequate data for engineering geologic/geotechnical analyses of paleoseismicity. The areal extent must be based on an appreciation that the tectonic situation can cause seismically induced liquefaction effects to form in some locales, but not in others nearby, even for a strong earthquake in the region. Our guidelines for the conduct of the field search and preliminary analysis of the data relate to three issues for which liquefaction features are especially useful in answering: Has there been strong Holocene/latest Pleistocene shaking in the region? Where was the tectonic source? And what was the strength of shaking? Understanding of the various factors that control the manifestations of liquefaction effects, which we present in this paper, is essential for developing credible answers to these questions. ?? 2004 Elsvier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.07.009","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Obermeier, S., Olson, S., and Green, R., 2005, Field occurrences of liquefaction-induced features: A primer for engineering geologic analysis of paleoseismic shaking: Engineering Geology, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 209-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.07.009.","startPage":"209","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.07.009"},{"id":236281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fcde4b0c8380cd53a14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obermeier, S. F.","contributorId":17602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obermeier","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, S.M.","contributorId":59225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, R.A.","contributorId":52378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029018,"text":"70029018 - 2005 - Bedrock erosion surface beneath the rocky flats alluvial fan, Jefferson and Boulder counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70029018","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedrock erosion surface beneath the rocky flats alluvial fan, Jefferson and Boulder counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"The early Pleistocene Rocky Flats alluvial fan formed at the mouth of unglaciated Coal Creek Canyon along the eastern flank of the Colorado Front Range. The fan consists of boulder, cobble, and pebble gravel deposited on an erosional surface cut on tilted Mesozoic sedimentary strata. A north-trending hogback of steeply dipping Cretaceous Laramie Formation and Fox Hills Sandstone is exposed through the gravel across the central portion of the fan. Elevations on the gravel-bedrock contact were used in a GIS to reconstruct the bedrock surface at the base of the gravel, providing a glimpse of the geomorphology of the early Pleistocene Colorado Piedmont. The reconstructed erosional bedrock surface portrays a landscape carved by a series of easterly flowing streams that eroded headward to the resistant hogback units, creating a bedrock step up to 37 m high. East-trending ridges on the bedrock surface are remnants of drainage divides between the Pleistocene streams. Water gaps in the bedrock step allowed the streams access to the upper surface of the step. This entire surface, except the hogback, was covered by gravel about 1.35 to 1.5 Ma ago. Subsequent erosion of the alluvial fan has been by headward (westward) erosion of easterly flowing streams incising into the eastern portion of the fan. Because the gravel is more resistant than the underlying bedrock, modern streams are established over the Pleistocene drainage divides, where the gravel was thinnest. Thicker gravel in the Pleistocene paleovalleys now caps modern drainage divides, producing an inverted topography.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Knepper, D.H., 2005, Bedrock erosion surface beneath the rocky flats alluvial fan, Jefferson and Boulder counties, Colorado: Mountain Geologist, v. 42, no. 1, p. 1-10.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f04be4b0c8380cd4a6c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knepper, D. H. Jr.","contributorId":106129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepper","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70029011,"text":"70029011 - 2005 - Sex structure and potential female fecundity in a Epinephelus guttatus spawning aggregation: Applying ultrasonic imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T16:22:13.289653","indexId":"70029011","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Sex structure and potential female fecundity in a <i>Epinephelus guttatus</i> spawning aggregation: Applying ultrasonic imaging","title":"Sex structure and potential female fecundity in a Epinephelus guttatus spawning aggregation: Applying ultrasonic imaging","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ultrasonic imaging was used to determine the spawning population structure and develop a fecundity estimation model for a red hind&nbsp;</span><i>Epinephelus guttatus</i><span>&nbsp;spawning aggregation within the Red Hind Bank Marine Conservation District, St Thomas, U.S.V.I. The spawning population showed considerable within‐month and between‐month variation in population size‐ and sex‐structure. In the spawning season studied, males appeared to arrive at the aggregation site first in December although females represented a large proportion of the catch early in the aggregation periods in January and February. Spawning occurred in January and February, and size frequency distributions suggested that an influx of small females occurred during the second spawning month. An overall sex ratio of 2·9 : 1 (female : male) was recorded for the whole reproductive season. The sex ratio, however, differed between months and days within months. More females per male were recorded in January than in February when the sex ratio was male biased. Fecundity estimates for this species predicted very high potential fecundities (2·4 × 10</span><sup>5</sup><span>−2·4 × 10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;oocytes). The ultrasound model also illustrated a rapid increase in potential female fecundity with total length. Ultrasonic imaging may prove a valuable tool in population assessment for many species and locations in which invasive fishing methods are clearly undesirable.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00653.x","usgsCitation":"Whiteman, E., Jennings, C., and Nemeth, R., 2005, Sex structure and potential female fecundity in a Epinephelus guttatus spawning aggregation: Applying ultrasonic imaging: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 66, no. 4, p. 983-995, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00653.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"983","endPage":"995","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8dade4b08c986b3184cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whiteman, E.A.","contributorId":105108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteman","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A.","contributorId":38504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nemeth, R.S.","contributorId":92480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemeth","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029006,"text":"70029006 - 2005 - Quaternary geomorphology and modern coastal development in response to an inherent geologic framework: An example from Charleston, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T14:30:58.026471","indexId":"70029006","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary geomorphology and modern coastal development in response to an inherent geologic framework: An example from Charleston, South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p id=\"ID0EF\" class=\"first\">Coastal landscapes evolve over wide-ranging spatial and temporal scales in response to physical and biological processes that interact with a wide range of variables. To develop better predictive models for these dynamic areas, we must understand the influence of these variables on coastal morphologies and ultimately how they influence coastal processes. This study defines the influence of geologic framework variability on a classic mixed-energy coastline, and establishes four categorical scales of spatial and temporal influence on the coastal system. The near-surface, geologic framework was delineated using high-resolution seismic profiles, shallow vibracores, detailed geomorphic maps, historical shorelines, aerial photographs, and existing studies, and compared to the long- and short-term development of two coastal compartments near Charleston, South Carolina.</p><p id=\"ID0EG\">Although it is clear that the imprint of a mixed-energy tidal and wave signal (basin-scale) dictates formation of drumstick barriers and that immediate responses to wave climate are dramatic, island size, position, and longer-term dynamics are influenced by a series of inherent, complex near-surface stratigraphic geometries. Major near-surface Tertiary geometries influence inlet placement and drainage development (island-scale) through multiple interglacial cycles and overall channel morphology (local-scale). During the modern marine transgression, the halo of ebb-tidal deltas greatly influence inlet region dynamics, while truncated beach ridges and exposed, differentially erodable Cenozoic deposits in the active system influence historical shoreline dynamics and active shoreface morphologies (block-scale). This study concludes that the mixed-energy imprint of wave and tide theories dominates general coastal morphology, but that underlying<span>&nbsp;</span><i>stratigraphic</i><span>&nbsp;</span>influences on the coast provide site-specific, long-standing imprints on coastal evolution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education & Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/00-015.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Harris, M., Gayes, P., Kindinger, J., Flocks, J.G., Krantz, D., and Donovan, P., 2005, Quaternary geomorphology and modern coastal development in response to an inherent geologic framework: An example from Charleston, South Carolina: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 21, no. 1, p. 49-64, https://doi.org/10.2112/00-015.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a92cce4b0c8380cd80a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, M.S.","contributorId":65192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gayes, P. T.","contributorId":108143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gayes","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kindinger, J. L.","contributorId":38983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flocks, J. G.","contributorId":92309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krantz, D.E.","contributorId":9838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantz","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Donovan, P.","contributorId":80887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029005,"text":"70029005 - 2005 - Toxic Alexandrium blooms in the western Gulf of Maine: The plume advection hypothesis revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T18:23:31","indexId":"70029005","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxic Alexandrium blooms in the western Gulf of Maine: The plume advection hypothesis revisited","docAbstract":"The plume advection hypothesis links blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense in the western Gulf of Maine (GOM) to a buoyant plume derived from river outflows. This hypothesis was examined with cruise and moored-instrument observations in 1993 when levels of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins were high, and in 1994 when toxicity was low. A coupled physical-biological model simulated hydrography and A. fundyense distributions. Initial A. fundyense populations were restricted to low-salinity nearshore waters near Casco Bay, but also occurred in higher salinity waters along the plume boundary. This suggests two sources of cells - those from shallow-water cyst populations and those transported to shore from offshore blooms in the eastern segment of the Maine coastal current (EMCC). Observations confirm the role of the plume in A. fundyense transport and growth. Downwelling-favorable winds in 1993 transported the plume and its cells rapidly alongshore, enhancing toxicity and propagating PSP to the south. In 1994, sustained upwelling moved the plume offshore, resulting in low toxicity in intertidal shellfish. A. fundyense blooms were likely nutrient limited, leading to low growth rates and moderate cell abundances. These observations and mechanisms were reproduced by coupled physical-biological model simulations. The plume advection hypothesis provides a viable explanation for outbreaks of PSP in the western GOM, but should be refined to include two sources for cells that populate the plume and two major pathways for transport: one within the low-salinity plume and another where A. fundyense cells originating in the EMCC are transported along the outer boundary of the plume front with the western segment of the Maine coastal current.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.2005.50.1.0328","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., Keafer, B., Geyer, W., Signell, R.P., and Loder, T., 2005, Toxic Alexandrium blooms in the western Gulf of Maine: The plume advection hypothesis revisited: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 50, no. 1, p. 328-345, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.1.0328.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"345","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.1.0328","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Casco Bay, Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.104736328125,\n              43.88205730390537\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.807861328125,\n              44.66083904265621\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.60986328125,\n              44.5826428195842\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.01611328125,\n              44.03232064275084\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.037841796875,\n              43.75522505306931\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.57617187499999,\n              43.30919109985686\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7958984375,\n              42.70665956351041\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.90600585937499,\n              41.77950486590359\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.324462890625,\n              43.16512263158296\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.104736328125,\n              43.88205730390537\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5c4e4b08c986b3268b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D.M.","contributorId":32294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keafer, B.A.","contributorId":77343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keafer","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geyer, W.R.","contributorId":62355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geyer","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loder, T.C.","contributorId":62817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loder","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028238,"text":"70028238 - 2005 - Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028238","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"In 1993 several baselines of the two-color electronic distance meter (EDM) network at Parkfield, California, deviated from their long-term rates, coincident with anomalous observations from nearby strain meters and a creep meter, as well as an increase in microseismicity. Between October 1992 and December 1994, three M ??? 4.5 earthquakes occurred beneath Middle Mountain, near the hypocenter of the 1934 and 1966 Parkfield M6 events. We analyzed the two-color EDM data using a Kalman-filtering based technique to image the spatiotemporal evolution of slip on the fault at Parkfield between the mid-1980s and 2003. This method accounts for localized random walk motion of the geodetic monuments and a prominent seasonal signal that affects many baselines. We find that a slip rate increase occurred between January 1993 and July 1996 on the upper 8 km of the fault near Middle Mountain. The peak estimated slip rate during this time was 49 mm/yr, which exceeds the long-term geologic rate of ???35 mm/yr. The slip rate evolution appears episodic, with an initial modest increase after the M4.3 earthquake and a much larger jump following the shallower M4.7 event in December 1994. This temporal correlation between inferred slip and seismicity suggests that the moderate earthquakes triggered the aseismic fault slip. The EDM data cannot resolve whether transient slip propagated across the nucleation zone of the 1934 and 1966 M6 Parkfield earthquakes. However, transient slip and its associated stress release in the hypocentral area of previous Parkfield events is consistent with the nucleation of the 2004 M6 Parkfield earthquake elsewhere on the fault. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003651","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Murray, J., and Segall, P., 2005, Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 9, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003651.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003651"},{"id":237304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94cde4b08c986b31ac59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, J.R.","contributorId":39179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028224,"text":"70028224 - 2005 - δ<sup>30</sup>Si systematics in a granitic saprolite, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T11:16:49","indexId":"70028224","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"δ<sup>30</sup>Si systematics in a granitic saprolite, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Granite weathering and clay mineral formation impart distinct and interpretable stable Si isotope (&delta;</span><span>30</span><span>Si) signatures to their solid and aqueous products. Within a saprolite, clay minerals have &delta;</span><span>30</span><span>Si values &sim;2.0&permil; more negative than their parent mineral and the &delta;</span><span>30</span><span>Si signature of the bulk solid is determined by the ratio of primary to secondary minerals. Mineral-specific weathering reactions predominate at different depths, driving changes in differing &delta;</span><span>30</span><span>Si</span><sub>pore water</sub><span>values. At the bedrock-saprolite interface, dissolution of plagioclase and hornblende creates &delta;</span><span>30</span><span>Si</span><sub>pore water</sub><span>&nbsp;signatures more positive than granite by up to 1.2&permil;; these reactions are the main contributor of Si to stream water and determine its &delta;</span><span>30</span><span>Si value. Throughout the saprolite, biotite weathering releases Si to pore waters but kaolinite overgrowth formation modulates its contribution to pore-water Si. The influence of biotite on &delta;</span><span>30</span><span>Si</span><sub>pore water</sub><span>&nbsp;is greatest near the bedrock where biotite-derived Si mixes with bulk pore water prior to kaolinite formation. Higher in the saprolite, biotite grains have become more isolated by kaolinite overgrowth, which consumes biotite-derived Si that would otherwise influence &delta;</span><span>30</span><span>Si</span><sub>pore water</sub><span>. Because of this isolation, which shifts the dominant source of pore-water Si from biotite to quartz, &delta;</span><span>30</span><span>Si</span><sub>pore water</sub><span>&nbsp;values are more negative than granite by up to 1.3&permil; near the top of the saprolite.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G21707.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Ziegler, K., Chadwick, O.A., White, A.F., and Brzezinski, M.A., 2005, δ<sup>30</sup>Si systematics in a granitic saprolite, Puerto Rico: Geology, v. 33, no. 10, p. 817-820, https://doi.org/10.1130/G21707.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"817","endPage":"820","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210206,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G21707.1"}],"volume":"33","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5548985fe4b0a658d7960d9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziegler, Karen","contributorId":55195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chadwick, Oliver A.","contributorId":88244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadwick","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brzezinski, Mark A.","contributorId":46295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brzezinski","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028220,"text":"70028220 - 2005 - Flow regime alterations under changing climate in two river basins: Implications for freshwater ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028220","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow regime alterations under changing climate in two river basins: Implications for freshwater ecosystems","docAbstract":"We examined impacts of future climate scenarios on flow regimes and how predicted changes might affect river ecosystems. We examined two case studies: Cle Elum River, Washington, and Chattahoochee-Apalachicola River Basin, Georgia and Florida. These rivers had available downscaled global circulation model (GCM) data and allowed us to analyse the effects of future climate scenarios on rivers with (1) different hydrographs, (2) high future water demands, and (3) a river-floodplain system. We compared observed flow regimes to those predicted under future climate scenarios to describe the extent and type of changes predicted to occur. Daily stream flow under future climate scenarios was created by either statistically downscaling GCMs (Cle Elum) or creating a regression model between climatological parameters predicted from GCMs and stream flow (Chattahoochee-Apalachicola). Flow regimes were examined for changes from current conditions with respect to ecologically relevant features including the magnitude and timing of minimum and maximum flows. The Cle Elum's hydrograph under future climate scenarios showed a dramatic shift in the timing of peak flows and lower low flow of a longer duration. These changes could mean higher summer water temperatures, lower summer dissolved oxygen, and reduced survival of larval fishes. The Chattahoochee-Apalachicola basin is heavily impacted by dams and water withdrawals for human consumption; therefore, we made comparisons between pre-large dam conditions, current conditions, current conditions with future demand, and future climate scenarios with future demand to separate climate change effects and other anthropogenic impacts. Dam construction, future climate, and future demand decreased the flow variability of the river. In addition, minimum flows were lower under future climate scenarios. These changes could decrease the connectivity of the channel and the floodplain, decrease habitat availability, and potentially lower the ability of the river to assimilate wastewater treatment plant effluent. Our study illustrates the types of changes that river ecosystems might experience under future climates. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.855","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Gibson, C., Meyer, J., Poff, N., Hay, L., and Georgakakos, A., 2005, Flow regime alterations under changing climate in two river basins: Implications for freshwater ecosystems: River Research and Applications, v. 21, no. 8, p. 849-864, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.855.","startPage":"849","endPage":"864","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210155,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.855"},{"id":236988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a124de4b0c8380cd5425c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, C.A.","contributorId":20136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, J.L.","contributorId":73316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poff, N.L.","contributorId":22723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poff","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Georgakakos, A.","contributorId":50713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031550,"text":"70031550 - 2005 - Functional classification of mitochondrion-rich cells in euryhaline Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) embryos, by means of triple immunofluorescence staining for Na+/K+-ATPase, Na +/K+/2Cl- cotransporter and CFTR anion channel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031550","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional classification of mitochondrion-rich cells in euryhaline Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) embryos, by means of triple immunofluorescence staining for Na+/K+-ATPase, Na +/K+/2Cl- cotransporter and CFTR anion channel","docAbstract":"Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus embryos were transferred from freshwater to seawater and vice versa, and short-term changes in the localization of three major ion transport proteins, Na+/K +-ATPase, Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) were examined within mitochondrion-rich cells (MRCs) in the embryonic yolk-sac membrane. Triple-color immunofluorescence staining allowed us to classify MRCs into four types: type I, showing only basolateral Na+/K +-ATPase staining; type II, basolateral Na+/K +-ATPase and apical NKCC; type III, basolateral Na+/K +-ATPase and basolateral NKCC; type IV, basolateral Na +/K+-ATPase, basolateral NKCC and apical CFTR. In freshwater, type-I, type-II and type-III cells were observed. Following transfer from freshwater to seawater, type-IV cells appeared at 12 h and showed a remarkable increase in number between 24 h and 48 h, whereas type-III cells disappeared. When transferred from seawater back to freshwater, type-IV cells decreased and disappeared at 48 h, type-III cells increased, and type-II cells, which were not found in seawater, appeared at 12 h and increased in number thereafter. Type-I cells existed consistently irrespective of salinity changes. These results suggest that type I is an immature MRC, type II is a freshwater-type ion absorptive cell, type III is a dormant type-IV cell and/or an ion absorptive cell (with a different mechanism from type II), and type IV is a seawater-type ion secretory cell. The intracellular localization of the three ion transport proteins in type-IV cells is completely consistent with a widely accepted model for ion secretion by MRCs. A new model for ion absorption is proposed based on type-II cells possessing apical NKCC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1242/jeb.01611","issn":"00220949","usgsCitation":"Hiroi, J., McCormick, S., Ohtani-Kaneko, R., and Kaneko, T., 2005, Functional classification of mitochondrion-rich cells in euryhaline Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) embryos, by means of triple immunofluorescence staining for Na+/K+-ATPase, Na +/K+/2Cl- cotransporter and CFTR anion channel: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 208, no. 11, p. 2023-2036, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01611.","startPage":"2023","endPage":"2036","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478046,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01611","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01611"},{"id":239898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"208","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1410e4b0c8380cd548b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hiroi, J.","contributorId":48289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiroi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohtani-Kaneko, R.","contributorId":71000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohtani-Kaneko","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaneko, T.","contributorId":31509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaneko","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028215,"text":"70028215 - 2005 - The 2003 phreatomagmatic eruptions of Anatahan volcano - Textural and petrologic features of deposits at an emergent island volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T08:41:53","indexId":"70028215","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2003 phreatomagmatic eruptions of Anatahan volcano - Textural and petrologic features of deposits at an emergent island volcano","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic and field data are used in conjunction with textural and chemical evidence (including data from scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and instrumental neutron activation analysis) to establish that the 2003 eruption of Anatahan volcano was mainly phreatomagmatic, dominated by explosive interaction of homogeneous composition low-viscosity crystal-poor andesite magma with water. The hydromagmatic mode of eruption contributed to the significant height of initial eruptive columns and to the excavation and eruption of altered rock debris from the sub-volcanic hydrothermal system. Volatile contents of glass inclusions in equilibrium phenocrysts less abundances of these constituents in matrix glass times the estimated mass of juvenile magma indicate minimum emissions of 19 kt SO2 and 13 kt Cl. This petrologic estimate of SO2 emission is an order-of-magnitude less than an estimate from TOMS. Similarly, inferred magma volumes from the petrologic data are an order of magnitude greater than those modeled from deformation data. Both discrepancies indicate additional sources of volatiles, likely derived from a separate fluid phase in the magma. The paucity of near-source volcanic-tectonic earthquakes preceding the eruption, and the dominance of sustained long-period tremor are attributed to the ease of ascent of the hot low-viscosity andesite, followed by a shallow phreatomagmatic mode of eruption. Phreatomagmatic eruptions are probably more common at emergent tropical island volcanoes, where shallow fresh-water lenses occur at near-sea-level vents. These relations suggest that phreatomagmatic explosions contributed to the formation of many of the near-sea-level craters and possibly even to the small calderas at the other Mariana islands.","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.036","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J., Trusdell, F., Brownfield, I.K., Siems, D.F., Budahn, J., and Sutley, S., 2005, The 2003 phreatomagmatic eruptions of Anatahan volcano - Textural and petrologic features of deposits at an emergent island volcano: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 146, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 208-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.036.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"208","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Northern Mariana Islands","otherGeospatial":"Anatahan volcano     ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              145.6292724609375,\n              16.325411207783855\n            ],\n            [\n              145.73638916015622,\n              16.325411207783855\n            ],\n            [\n              145.73638916015622,\n              16.374168198186904\n            ],\n            [\n              145.6292724609375,\n              16.374168198186904\n            ],\n            [\n              145.6292724609375,\n              16.325411207783855\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"146","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba646e4b08c986b320ff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownfield, I. K.","contributorId":77915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sutley, S.F.","contributorId":79282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028208,"text":"70028208 - 2005 - Estimation of nutrient sources and transport for New Zealand using the hybrid mechanistic-statistical model SPARROW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028208","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2343,"text":"Journal of Hydrology New Zealand","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of nutrient sources and transport for New Zealand using the hybrid mechanistic-statistical model SPARROW","docAbstract":"The hybrid mechanistic-statistical catchment model SPARROW was applied to predict the mean annual load of nitrogen and phosphorus in streams throughout New Zealand (270,000 km2). The loads from land areas, point sources, and erosion are routed through the drainage network (576,300 reaches) with first-order stream decay and attenuation in lakes and reservoirs. Model parameters were determined by calibration against loads measured in the national water quality network (77 sites). For nitrogen, the model predicted the measured loads well (R2 of 0.956 and RMSE of 0.33 in natural-log space), while for phosphorus the model fit was not as good (R2 of 0.900 and RMSE of 0.58). The predictions of exported yields for streams with catchments > 20 km2 are broadly comparable with previous compilations of yields for various land-use classes for nitrogen, but are larger than the previous measurements for phosphorus. The calibrated stream attenuation and lake/reservoir rates were broadly consistent with previous measurements. The predicted load of total nitrogen (TN) delivered to the coast was 167,700 t yr-1, which is 45% of the loads entering the streams. For total phosphorus (TP) the predicted load to the coast was 63,100 t yr-1, 44% of the load entering the streams. Reservoir/lake attenuation makes a relatively small contribution to the overall attenuation compared with in-stream attenuation (3.5% for nitrogen and 8.5% for phosphorus). The largest contribution of total nitrogen is from pastoral land uses, together accounting for 70% of the total nitrogen load to the coast. Land used for dairying makes a disproportionately large contribution to the load of total nitrogen in relation to the area of land (37% of the load versus 6.8% of the land). For total phosphorus, the highest contribution of the load to the coast is from erosion (53.2%). Point sources contribute only a small proportion of the load to the coast (3.2% for nitrogen, 1.8% for total phosphorus). The monitoring network does not include streams with catchments smaller than 10 km2, so model predictions for streams smaller than 10 km2 should be used with caution. ?? New Zealand Hydrological Society (2005).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology New Zealand","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00221708","usgsCitation":"Elliot, A., Alexander, R.B., Schwarz, G., Shankar, U., Sukias, J., and McBride, G.B., 2005, Estimation of nutrient sources and transport for New Zealand using the hybrid mechanistic-statistical model SPARROW: Journal of Hydrology New Zealand, v. 44, no. 1, p. 1-27.","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b9ce4b0c8380cd527d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliot, A.H.","contributorId":41643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliot","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shankar, Ude","contributorId":80033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shankar","given":"Ude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sukias, J.P.S.","contributorId":88137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sukias","given":"J.P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McBride, Graham B.","contributorId":83306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBride","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028203,"text":"70028203 - 2005 - Temporal patterns of Northern Goshawk nest area occupancy and habitat: A retrospective analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028203","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal patterns of Northern Goshawk nest area occupancy and habitat: A retrospective analysis","docAbstract":"We studied occupancy and habitat associations of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) at nest areas in south-central Oregon in 1992-94. We surveyed 51 pre-1992 nest areas (i.e., historical breeding areas first discovered during 1973-91) for goshawks and used aerial-photograph interpretation to document forest cover conditions and changes over time between areas that were occupied by goshawks and those where we did not detect goshawks (no-response sites). We also surveyed for new nests during 1992-94. Of 38 occupied nests first found in 1992-94 (i.e., post-1992 nest areas), 86% (33/38) were in mid-aged (mean stand DBH 23-53 cm, <15 trees/ha >53 cm DBH) or late (???15 trees/ha >53 cm DBH; mean stand DBH >53 cm) closed (>50% canopy closure) structural-stage forest. Occupancy of historical (pre-1992) nest areas by goshawks was 29% (15/51). Of 46 pre-1992 nest areas that we examined for habitat change, 15 were occupied by goshawks in 1994 and had more mid-aged closed and late closed forest in 12-, 24-, 52-, 120-, and 170-ha circular areas centered on nest locations than did 31 no-response areas. There was no difference in the amount of late closed and mid-aged closed forest in pre-1992 nest areas compared with occupied pre-1992 nest areas. A logistic regression model for all occupied nest areas confirmed that late closed and mid-aged closed forest variables were important indicators of forest conditions that supported breeding pairs. Goshawks were more likely to persist in the historical nest areas that had about 50% of mature and older closed-canopy forest within the 52ha scale. We recommend retaining existing late closed, late open, and mid closed structure within 52ha scale of the nest site. Moreover, late closed and mid closed structure combined should not fall below 50% within the 52-ha scale and should exceed 40% within the 170-ha scale surrounding the nest site. To optimize conditions for breeding goshawks, we recommend retaining large trees (>53 cm DBH) to help preserve stand integrity, maintain closed canopies, and provide connectivity to alternative nest sites within nest areas. ?? 2005 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Desimone, S., and DeStefano, S., 2005, Temporal patterns of Northern Goshawk nest area occupancy and habitat: A retrospective analysis: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 39, no. 3, p. 310-323.","startPage":"310","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba513e4b08c986b3207c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Desimone, S.M.","contributorId":73809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desimone","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028200,"text":"70028200 - 2005 - Prey selectivity and diet of striped bass in Western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028200","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prey selectivity and diet of striped bass in Western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina","docAbstract":"We collected 1,399 striped bass Morone saxatilis from western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, during May through October of 2002 and 2003 to characterize diet, prey type selectivity, and prey size selectivity. Herrings Alosa spp., Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli, silversides Menidia spp., and yellow perch Perca flavescens dominated the diets of age-1 striped bass, while Atlantic menhaden dominated the diets of older striped bass. Selectivity was calculated for three categories of striped bass (ages 1, 2, and 3 + [3-7]) based on fish prey collections from a 61-m beach seine and a 76-m purse seine. Striped bass of all ages primarily consumed fish prey regardless of the month or year. Each age category of striped bass selected for one or more species of prey from the suborder Clupeoidei. Age-1 striped bass selectivity of Alosa spp. generally increased with the progression of each sampling season, whereas selectivity for Atlantic menhaden, Menidia spp., and yellow perch decreased over time within each season. Striped bass of all ages displayed strong selection for Atlantic menhaden and strong selection against spiny-rayed fish prey. Striped bass displayed selection for specific prey, although the mechanisms responsible for selection appear to vary through time and may differ for different prey types. Striped bass either displayed neutral size selectivity or selected for relatively small prey. The mean and maximum sizes of fish prey increased with increases in striped bass size, but the minimum prey size changed little. Our results of seasonal and age-specific changes in selectivity will be valuable for modeling the impact of striped bass predation on resource prey species. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T04-115.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Rudershausen, P., Tuomikoski, J., Buckel, J., and Hightower, J., 2005, Prey selectivity and diet of striped bass in Western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 5, p. 1059-1074, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-115.1.","startPage":"1059","endPage":"1074","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210313,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T04-115.1"},{"id":237198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b84e4b0c8380cd7e288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudershausen, P.J.","contributorId":72270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudershausen","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tuomikoski, J.E.","contributorId":100702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuomikoski","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckel, J.A.","contributorId":24732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckel","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hightower, J.E.","contributorId":16605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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