The first historical eruption on Anatahan Island occurred on 10 May 2003 from the east crater of the volcano. The eruption was preceded by several hours of seismicity. Two and a half hours before the outbreak, the number of earthquakes surged to more than 100 events per hour. At 0730 UTC, the Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center issued an ash advisory. Although the eruption lasted for 3 months, the majority of erupted material was expelled during the first 2 weeks. The opening episode of the eruption resulted in a deposit of juvenile scoria and lithic clasts, the latter derived from geothermally altered colluvial fill from the vent area. The opening episode was followed by crater enlargement and deepening, which produced deposits of coarse, reddish-brown ash containing a mixture of juvenile and lithic clasts. The third episode of the eruption produced coarse ash and lapilli comprised of juvenile scoria and minor amounts of lithics. Plume heights were 4500 to 13,000 m for the initial three phases. The fourth episode, from about May 18 through early August, was characterized by smaller plume heights of 900 to 2400 m, and steam was the dominant component. Minor amounts of coarse ash and accretionary-lapilli ash comprise most of the deposits of the fourth episode, although ballistic blocks and bombs of andesite lava are also locally present. These andesite blocks were emplaced by an explosion on 14 June, which destroyed a small lava dome extruded during the first week of June. Activity waned as the summer progressed, and subsequent ash deposits accumulated in July and early August, by which time the eruption had effectively ended. In September and October, degassing and geothermal activity continued, characterized by small geysers, boiling water, and jetting steam. Noteworthy deviations from this activity were a surge event in late May–early June and the destruction of the lava dome on 14 June. We calculated on-land tephra-fall deposits to have a bulk volume of about 27.5 × 106 m3, covering an area of 40.6 km2. We determined the juvenile to lithic content of the deposits and corrected the bulk volume to a juvenile volume of 24.0 × 106 m3. We use a volume corrected density of 1.32 g/cm3 to convert the juvenile volume of 24.0 × 106 m3 to a magma volume of 13.2 × 106 m3. Using the methods of Fierstein and Nathenson (1992) [Fierstein, J., Nathenson, M., 1992. Another look at the calculation of fallout tephra volumes. Bull. Volcanology. 54, 156–167.], we computed the total eruption volume at 45.4 × 106 m3. Deformation surveys recorded large changes surrounding the east crater. The modeled volumetric change based on the surveys was 0.82 × 106 m3 of magma, which we estimate corresponds to a minimum intrusion of 10 × 106 m3 of magma which is in good agreement with our calculated on-land magma volume.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.010","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Trusdell, F., Moore, R.B., Sako, M., White, R., Koyanagi, S., Chong, R., and Camacho, J., 2005, The 2003 eruption of Anatahan volcano, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands: Chronology, volcanology, and deformation: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 146, no. 1-3 , p. 184-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.010.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210012,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.010"},{"id":236800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Anatahan volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 145.58876037597656,\n 16.32607016712877\n ],\n [\n 145.76934814453125,\n 16.32607016712877\n ],\n [\n 145.76934814453125,\n 16.378120933940313\n ],\n [\n 145.58876037597656,\n 16.378120933940313\n ],\n [\n 145.58876037597656,\n 16.32607016712877\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"146","issue":"1-3 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba646e4b08c986b320fed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, R. B.","contributorId":98720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sako, M.","contributorId":28383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sako","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, R.A.","contributorId":21953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koyanagi, S.K.","contributorId":92858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chong, R.","contributorId":38346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Camacho, J.T.","contributorId":56432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camacho","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028006,"text":"70028006 - 2005 - Detrital illite crystals identified from crystallite thickness measurements in siliciclastic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028006","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrital illite crystals identified from crystallite thickness measurements in siliciclastic sediments","docAbstract":"Illite crystals in siliciclastic sediments are heterogeneous assemblages of detrital material coming from various source rocks and, at paleotemperatures >70 ??C, of superimposed diagenetic modification in the parent sediment. We distinguished the relative proportions of 2M1 detrital illite and possible diagenetic 1Md + 1M illite by a combined analysis of crystal-size distribution and illite polytype quantification. We found that the proportions of 1Md + 1M and 2M1 illite could be determined from crystallite thickness measurements (BWA method, using the MudMaster program) by unmixing measured crystallite thickness distributions using theoretical and calculated log-normal and/or asymptotic distributions. The end-member components that we used to unmix the measured distributions were three asymptotic-shaped distributions (assumed to be the diagenetic component of the mixture, the 1Md + 1M polytypes) calculated using the Galoper program (Phase A was simulated using 500 crystals per cycle of nucleation and growth, Phase B = 333/cycle, and Phase C = 250/ cycle), and one theoretical log-normal distribution (Phase D, assumed to approximate the detrital 2M1 component of the mixture). In addition, quantitative polytype analysis was carried out using the RockJock software for comparison. The two techniques gave comparable results (r2 = 0.93), which indicates that the unmixing method permits one to calculate the proportion of illite polytypes and, therefore, the proportion of 2M1 detrital illite, from crystallite thickness measurements. The overall illite crystallite thicknesses in the samples were found to be a function of the relative proportions of thick 2M1 and thin 1Md + 1M illite. The percentage of illite layers in I-S mixed layers correlates with the mean crystallite thickness of the 1Md + 1M polytypes, indicating that these polytypes, rather than the 2M1 polytype, participate in I-S mixed layering.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2138/am.2005.1823","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Aldega, L., and Eberl, D.D., 2005, Detrital illite crystals identified from crystallite thickness measurements in siliciclastic sediments: American Mineralogist, v. 90, no. 10, p. 1587-1596, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1823.","startPage":"1587","endPage":"1596","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210013,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1823"},{"id":236801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fffce4b0c8380cd4f4fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aldega, L.","contributorId":12677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldega","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027781,"text":"70027781 - 2005 - Part 2: A field study of enhanced remediation of Toluene in the vadose zone using a nutrient solution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:35:49","indexId":"70027781","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Part 2: A field study of enhanced remediation of Toluene in the vadose zone using a nutrient solution","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of a nitrate-rich nutrient solution and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to enhance in-situ microbial remediation of toluene in the unsaturated zone. Three sand-filled plots were tested in three phases (each phase lasting approximately 2 weeks). During the control phase, toluene was applied uniformly via sprinkler irrigation. Passive remediation was allowed to occur during this phase. A modified Hoagland nutrient solution, concentrated in 150 L of water, was tested during the second phase. The final phase involved addition of 230 moles of H2O2 in 150 L of water to increase the available oxygen needed for aerobic biodegradation.
During the first phase, measured toluene concentrations in soil gas were reduced from 120 ppm to 25 ppm in 14 days. After the addition of nutrients during the second phase, concentrations were reduced from 90 ppm to about 8 ppm within 14 days, and for the third phase (H2O2), toluene concentrations were about 1 ppm after only 5 days. Initial results suggest that this method could be an effective means of remediating a contaminated site, directly after a BTEX spill, without the intrusiveness and high cost of other abatement technologies such as bioventing or soil-vapor extraction. However, further tests need to be completed to determine the effect of each of the BTEX components.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-005-3584-4","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J., Weeks, E., and Friedel, M., 2005, Part 2: A field study of enhanced remediation of Toluene in the vadose zone using a nutrient solution: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 168, no. 1-4, p. 359-389, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-3584-4.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"389","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211203,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-3584-4"}],"volume":"168","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7518e4b0c8380cd779b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tindall, J.A.","contributorId":25711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weeks, E.P.","contributorId":38514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedel, M.","contributorId":60846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028009,"text":"70028009 - 2005 - Zooplankton size selection relative to gill raker spacing in rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028009","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zooplankton size selection relative to gill raker spacing in rainbow trout","docAbstract":"Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss are one of the most widely stocked salmonids worldwide, often based on the assumption that they will effectively utilize abundant invertebrate food resources. We evaluated the potential for feeding morphology to affect prey selection by rainbow trout using a combination of laboratory feeding experiments and field observations in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Utah-Wyoming. For rainbow trout collected from the reservoir, inter-gill raker spacing averaged 1.09 mm and there was low variation among fish overall (SD = 0.28). Ninety-seven percent of all zooplankton observed in the diets of rainbow trout collected in the reservoir were larger than the interraker spacing, while only 29% of the zooplankton found in the environment were larger than the interraker spacing. Over the size range of rainbow trout evaluated here (200-475 mm), interraker spacing increased moderately with increasing fish length; however, the size of zooplankton found in the diet did not increase with increasing fish length. In laboratory experiments, rainbow trout consumed the largest zooplankton available; the mean size of zooplankton observed in the diets was significantly larger than the mean size of zooplankton available. Electivity indices for both laboratory and field observations indicated strong selection for larger-sized zooplankton. The size threshold at which electivity switched from selection against smaller-sized zooplankton to selection for larger-sized zooplankton closely corresponded to the mean interraker spacing for both groups (???1-1.2 mm). The combination of results observed here indicates that rainbow trout morphology limits the retention of different-sized zooplankton prey and reinforces the importance of understanding how effectively rainbow trout can utilize the type and sizes of different prey available in a given system. These considerations may improve our ability to predict the potential for growth and survival of rainbow trout within and among different systems. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T04-159.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Budy, P., Haddix, T., and Schneidervin, R., 2005, Zooplankton size selection relative to gill raker spacing in rainbow trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 5, p. 1228-1235, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-159.1.","startPage":"1228","endPage":"1235","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498950,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/t04-159.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210062,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T04-159.1"},{"id":236867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd2a0e4b08c986b32f91b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budy, P.","contributorId":68091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haddix, T.","contributorId":80888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haddix","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneidervin, R.","contributorId":36739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneidervin","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028025,"text":"70028025 - 2005 - Adsorption equilibrium of organic vapors on single-walled carbon nanotubes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028025","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1182,"text":"Carbon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adsorption equilibrium of organic vapors on single-walled carbon nanotubes","docAbstract":"Gravimetric techniques were employed to determine the adsorption capacities of commercially available purified electric arc and HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for organic compounds (toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), hexane and cyclohexane) at relative pressures, p/p0, ranging from 1 ?? 10-4 to 0.95 and at isothermal conditions of 25, 37 and 50 ??C. The isotherms displayed both type I and type II characteristics. Adsorption isotherm modeling showed that SWNTs are heterogeneous adsorbents, and the Freundlich equation best describes the interaction between organic molecules and SWNTs. The heats of adsorption were 1-4 times the heats of vaporization, which is typical for physical adsorption of organic vapors on porous carbons. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Carbon","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2005.04.020","issn":"00086223","usgsCitation":"Agnihotri, S., Rood, M., and Rostam-Abadi, M., 2005, Adsorption equilibrium of organic vapors on single-walled carbon nanotubes: Carbon, v. 43, no. 11, p. 2379-2388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2005.04.020.","startPage":"2379","endPage":"2388","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210250,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2005.04.020"},{"id":237117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6fce4b0c8380cd47780","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Agnihotri, S.","contributorId":19344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnihotri","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rood, M.J.","contributorId":15354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rood","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rostam-Abadi, M.","contributorId":37061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostam-Abadi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028030,"text":"70028030 - 2005 - Diagenesis and late-stage porosity development in the Pennsylvanian Strawn Formation, Val Verde basin, Texas, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T13:57:46.520547","indexId":"70028030","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":606,"text":"AAPG Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenesis and late-stage porosity development in the Pennsylvanian Strawn Formation, Val Verde basin, Texas, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Strawn Formation in the Trans-Pecos area of Texas was deposited during relative tectonic quiescence that prevailed before rapid infilling of the Val Verde Basin. It represents one of a series of backstepping carbonate ramps formed on the craton side of this foreland basin. Strawn Formation carbonate rocks in three cores - Conoco Anna McClung #3-1, Alex Mitchell S2-1R, and Creek Ranch #10-1 - show several shallowing-up ward sequences, each a few meters thick. The Creek Ranch core displays the deepest-water characteristics of the three cores; the lower part of this core is dominated by graded bedding. The Mitchell and McClung cores contain skeletal-rich carbonates. Both of these cores display characteristics of shallow-water bank or lagoonal environments. All three cores have approximately the same diagenetic history. Primary fluid inclusions indicate early porosity-occluding interparticle and mold-filling calcite precipitated from water with a narrow range of salinities. Modal salinities are that of seawater, but slightly lesser salinities (indicating mixing of seawater and meteoric water) and slightly greater salinities (indicating evaporative concentration of seawater) are also indicated. The influence of meteoric groundwater can be detected by stable-isotope analyses of the early cements at stratigraphic levels that correlate to the tops of the major shallowing-upward depositional sequences. However, subaerial exposure surfaces are not demonstrated in these cores but were likely to be present updip. Most porosity is cement-reduced vugs, dissolution-enlarged (and cement-reduced) molds (> 1/16 mm, < 4 mm), and fractures. Minor intraparticle, intercrystalline, and shelter porosity is also present. Reservoir porosity is caused by fracturing and a late-stage dissolution event. Dissolution in the Creek Ranch core is not as pronounced as in the other cores because of a dearth of skeletal material. Porous zones in the McClung and Mitchell cores are associated with open fractures spatially, which commonly interconnect with nearby molds and vugs. This complex porosity system occurred after stylolitization, as evidenced by \"cuticles\" of insoluble styloliticresidue thatbridge across small dissolution-enlarged fractures. Porosity detected by wireline logs therefore is mostly effective porosity. The open-fracture network may have been caused by thrusting of the Strawn Formation, most likely in Permian time. Late-stage cement reduction of porosity occurs in two stages-first by calcite spar, then saddle dolomite. These cements are unevenly distributed. Both of these cements contain primary oil-filled fluid inclusions. Homogenization temperatures of primary aqueous fluid inclusions in saddle dolomites indicate that the Strawn Formation has been subjected to a temperature of at least 136??C (roughly 45??C over present formation temperature), which correlates to a vitrinite reflectance equivalent of 1.22%. Homogenization temperatures, in conjunction with oxygen isotope compositions, indicate that fracture-filling calcite spars and the later saddle dolomites precipitated from isotopically positive fluids, which were probably connate waters that had undergone extensive rock-water interaction. These observations suggest that thrusting of carbonate shelf strata, in a proximal foreland setting, was responsible for creation of latestage fracture porosity. In turn, tectonic expulsion of undersaturated, heated, connate water into the Strawn Formation enhanced the porosity. As this expulsed water cooled, it reached saturation with respect to calcite and dolomite, and these cements partly filled the available porosity. These processes of reservoir creation might be expected in other proximal foreland settings.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Permo-carboniferous carbonate platforms and reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/pec.03.78.0333","usgsCitation":"Newell, K.D., Goldstein, R., and Burdick, C.J., 2005, Diagenesis and late-stage porosity development in the Pennsylvanian Strawn Formation, Val Verde basin, Texas, U.S.A: AAPG Memoir, v. 48, p. 333-350, https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.03.78.0333.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"350","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Val Verde basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.458740234375,\n 30.07860131571654\n ],\n [\n -100.316162109375,\n 29.008140362978157\n ],\n [\n -99.755859375,\n 29.036960648558267\n ],\n [\n -99.54711914062499,\n 29.726222319395504\n ],\n [\n -101.085205078125,\n 30.996445897426373\n ],\n [\n -101.810302734375,\n 30.770159115784214\n ],\n [\n -101.854248046875,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -101.458740234375,\n 30.07860131571654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0094e4b0c8380cd4f7d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, K. David","contributorId":76074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldstein, R.H.","contributorId":18908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burdick, C. J.","contributorId":76124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028033,"text":"70028033 - 2005 - Carbon isotopes from fossil packrat pellets and elevational movements of Utah agave plants reveal the Younger Dryas cold period in Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028033","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotopes from fossil packrat pellets and elevational movements of Utah agave plants reveal the Younger Dryas cold period in Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"Carbon isotopes in rodent fecal pellets were measured on packrat (Neotoma spp.) middens from the Grand Canyon, Arizona. The pellet samples reflect the abundance of cold-intolerant C4 and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant species relative to the predominant C3 vegetation in the packrat diet. The temporal sequence of isotopic results suggests a temperature decline followed by a sharp increase corresponding to the B??lling/Aller??d-Younger Dryas - early Holocene sequence. This pattern was then tested using the past distribution of Utah agave (Agave utahensis). Spatial analyses of the range of this temperature-sensitive CAM species demonstrate that its upper elevational limit is controlled by winter minimum temperature. Applying this paleotemperature proxy to the past elevational limits of Utah agave suggests that minimum winter temperatures were ???8??C below modern values during the Last Glacial Maximum, 4.5-6.5 ??C below modern during the B??lling/Aller??d, and 7.5-8.7 ??C below modern during the early Younger Dryas. As the Younger Dryas terminated, temperatures warmed ???4 ??C between ca. 11.8 ka and 11.5 ka. These extreme fluctuations in winter minimum temperature have not been generally accepted for terrestrial paleoecological records from the arid southwestern United States, likely because of large statistical uncertainties of older radiocarbon results and reliance on proxies for summer temperatures, which were less affected. ?? 2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G21769.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Cole, K., and Arundel, S., 2005, Carbon isotopes from fossil packrat pellets and elevational movements of Utah agave plants reveal the Younger Dryas cold period in Grand Canyon, Arizona: Geology, v. 33, no. 9, p. 713-716, https://doi.org/10.1130/G21769.1.","startPage":"713","endPage":"716","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210332,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G21769.1"}],"volume":"33","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f367e4b0c8380cd4b7af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, K.L.","contributorId":87507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arundel, S.T.","contributorId":77351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027374,"text":"70027374 - 2005 - Multiproxy evidence of Holocene climate variability from estuarine sediments, eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70027374","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiproxy evidence of Holocene climate variability from estuarine sediments, eastern North America","docAbstract":"We reconstructed paleoclimate patterns from oxygen and carbon isotope records from the fossil estuarine benthic foraminifera Elphidium and Mg/ Ca ratios from the ostracode Loxoconcha from sediment cores from Chesapeake Bay to examine the Holocene evolution of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-type climate variability. Precipitation-driven river discharge and regional temperature variability are the primary influences on Chesapeake Bay salinity and water temperature, respectively. We first calibrated modern ??18 Owater to salinity and applied this relationship to calculate trends in paleosalinity from the ??18 Oforam, correcting for changes in water temperature estimated from ostracode Mg /Ca ratios. The results indicate a much drier early Holocene in which mean paleosalinity was ???28 ppt in the northern bay, falling ???25% to ???20 ppt during the late Holocene. Early Holocene Mg/Ca-derived temperatures varied in a relatively narrow range of 13?? to 16??C with a mean temperature of 14.2??C and excursions above 16??C; the late Holocene was on average cooler (mean temperature of 12.8??C). In addition to the large contrast between early and late Holocene regional climate conditions, multidecadal (20-40 years) salinity and temperature variability is an inherent part of the region's climate during both the early and late Holocene, including the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age. These patterns are similar to those observed during the twentieth century caused by NAO-related processes. Comparison of the midlatitude Chesapeake Bay salinity record with tropical climate records of Intertropical Convergence Zone fluctuations inferred from the Cariaco Basin titanium record suggests an anticorrelation between precipitation in the two regions at both millennial and centennial timescales. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005PA001145","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Thunell, R., Dwyer, G.S., Saenger, C., Mann, M.E., Vann, C., and Seal, R., 2005, Multiproxy evidence of Holocene climate variability from estuarine sediments, eastern North America: Paleoceanography, v. 20, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001145.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477935,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005pa001145","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211185,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001145"},{"id":238407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6093e4b0c8380cd7155d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thunell, R.","contributorId":96836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thunell","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, G. S.","contributorId":39951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saenger, C.","contributorId":19363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saenger","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mann, M. E.","contributorId":48354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vann, C.","contributorId":64020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vann","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Seal, R.R. 0000-0003-0901-2529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":90331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028238,"text":"70028238 - 2005 - Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028238","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"In 1993 several baselines of the two-color electronic distance meter (EDM) network at Parkfield, California, deviated from their long-term rates, coincident with anomalous observations from nearby strain meters and a creep meter, as well as an increase in microseismicity. Between October 1992 and December 1994, three M ??? 4.5 earthquakes occurred beneath Middle Mountain, near the hypocenter of the 1934 and 1966 Parkfield M6 events. We analyzed the two-color EDM data using a Kalman-filtering based technique to image the spatiotemporal evolution of slip on the fault at Parkfield between the mid-1980s and 2003. This method accounts for localized random walk motion of the geodetic monuments and a prominent seasonal signal that affects many baselines. We find that a slip rate increase occurred between January 1993 and July 1996 on the upper 8 km of the fault near Middle Mountain. The peak estimated slip rate during this time was 49 mm/yr, which exceeds the long-term geologic rate of ???35 mm/yr. The slip rate evolution appears episodic, with an initial modest increase after the M4.3 earthquake and a much larger jump following the shallower M4.7 event in December 1994. This temporal correlation between inferred slip and seismicity suggests that the moderate earthquakes triggered the aseismic fault slip. The EDM data cannot resolve whether transient slip propagated across the nucleation zone of the 1934 and 1966 M6 Parkfield earthquakes. However, transient slip and its associated stress release in the hypocentral area of previous Parkfield events is consistent with the nucleation of the 2004 M6 Parkfield earthquake elsewhere on the fault. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003651","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Murray, J., and Segall, P., 2005, Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 9, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003651.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003651"},{"id":237304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94cde4b08c986b31ac59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, J.R.","contributorId":39179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027747,"text":"70027747 - 2005 - Early chromite mining and agricultural clearance: Opportunities for the investigation of agricultural sediment dynamics in the Eastern Piedmont (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027747","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early chromite mining and agricultural clearance: Opportunities for the investigation of agricultural sediment dynamics in the Eastern Piedmont (USA)","docAbstract":"Many flood plains in the Eastern Piedmont (USA) are buried under deposits of sediment resulting from European agricultural clearance. Classic radioisotopic dating techniques cover temporal periods too short (137Cs, 210Pb) or too long (14C) to reliably date sediments deposited during periods of local European activity (1660-1900). Moreover, many potential biomarkers, such as pollen, degrade in oxic flood plain sediments. In the Baltimore, Maryland (USA) region, early chromite mining (1820 - 1880) occurred during periods of rapid agricultural clearance. Use of chromium (Cr) chemostratigraphic profiles in flood plain sediments tied to historical mining activity can provide improved precision in overbank accumulation rates and timing. Sediment cores were collected from the Red Run basin, which is part of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, an urban Long-Term Ecological Research site. Trace metal chemostratigraphic profiles were measured and peaks in Cr concentration tied to historic mining activity. Dates from Cr chemostratigraphic profiles were combined with 137Cs dating to reconstruct flood plain sedimentation rates. Red Run early sedimentation rates (1820 - 1880) were higher (0.45 - 1.19 cm/yr) than more recent (1880 - 1963) rates (0.08 - 0.46 cm/yr). This indicates that Piedmont flood plain vertical sediment accumulation might have peaked before the peak in agricultural clearance, earlier than assumed by regional models. The Cr chemostratigraphy is applicable to a wider region including much of the Maryland and Pennsylvania (USA) Piedmont.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2475/ajs.305.9.957","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Bain, D., and Brush, G.S., 2005, Early chromite mining and agricultural clearance: Opportunities for the investigation of agricultural sediment dynamics in the Eastern Piedmont (USA): American Journal of Science, v. 305, no. 9, p. 957-981, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.305.9.957.","startPage":"957","endPage":"981","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211230,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.305.9.957"},{"id":238465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"305","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0481e4b0c8380cd50a11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bain, D.J.","contributorId":51086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brush, G. S.","contributorId":97249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brush","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027746,"text":"70027746 - 2005 - Delineating copper accumulation pathways for the freshwater bivalve Corbicula using stable copper isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:56:15","indexId":"70027746","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineating copper accumulation pathways for the freshwater bivalve Corbicula using stable copper isotopes","docAbstract":"Delineation of metal uptake routes in aquatic invertebrates is critical for characterizing bioaccumulation dynamics and assessing risks associated with metal exposure. Here we demonstrate that Cu stable isotopic ratios can be manipulated in both exposure media and algae to determine the efflux rate constant (ke) and to estimate Cu assimilation efficiency (AE) from ingested food in a freshwater bivalve (Corbicula fluminea). The Cu AE in Corbicula fed 65Cu‐spiked Cryptomonas ozolini was 38%. Copper uptake routes had no significant influence on efflux; ke of 0.004 per day characterized the slowest component of efflux following short‐term exposures to 65Cu in water or in both food and water. Incorporation of the physiological parameters for dietary and dissolved uptake as well as rate constants of loss into a bioaccumulation model allowed for assessing the relative contribution of water and food as Cu sources. At [65Cu2+] of 6.7 μg/L, Corbiculaaccumulated twice as much Cu from diet as from water. In most freshwater systems, the dietary pathway is likely to act as the major Cu uptake route for Corbicula. Extrapolation of our laboratory results to the San Francisco Bay—Delta (California, USA) indicated that our biodynamic model and the laboratory‐derived parameters for dietary 65Cu uptake provided a realistic representation of the processes involved in Cu accumulation by the bivalve Corbicula.
Granite weathering and clay mineral formation impart distinct and interpretable stable Si isotope (δ30Si) signatures to their solid and aqueous products. Within a saprolite, clay minerals have δ30Si values ∼2.0‰ more negative than their parent mineral and the δ30Si signature of the bulk solid is determined by the ratio of primary to secondary minerals. Mineral-specific weathering reactions predominate at different depths, driving changes in differing δ30Sipore watervalues. At the bedrock-saprolite interface, dissolution of plagioclase and hornblende creates δ30Sipore water signatures more positive than granite by up to 1.2‰; these reactions are the main contributor of Si to stream water and determine its δ30Si value. Throughout the saprolite, biotite weathering releases Si to pore waters but kaolinite overgrowth formation modulates its contribution to pore-water Si. The influence of biotite on δ30Sipore water is greatest near the bedrock where biotite-derived Si mixes with bulk pore water prior to kaolinite formation. Higher in the saprolite, biotite grains have become more isolated by kaolinite overgrowth, which consumes biotite-derived Si that would otherwise influence δ30Sipore water. Because of this isolation, which shifts the dominant source of pore-water Si from biotite to quartz, δ30Sipore water values are more negative than granite by up to 1.3‰ near the top of the saprolite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G21707.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Ziegler, K., Chadwick, O.A., White, A.F., and Brzezinski, M.A., 2005, δ30Si systematics in a granitic saprolite, Puerto Rico: Geology, v. 33, no. 10, p. 817-820, https://doi.org/10.1130/G21707.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"817","endPage":"820","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210206,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G21707.1"}],"volume":"33","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5548985fe4b0a658d7960d9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziegler, Karen","contributorId":55195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chadwick, Oliver A.","contributorId":88244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadwick","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brzezinski, Mark A.","contributorId":46295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brzezinski","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027715,"text":"70027715 - 2005 - Modeling and model validation of wind-driven circulation in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027715","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling and model validation of wind-driven circulation in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"The hydrodynamics in the Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) plays a significant role in the water quality conditions of the lake. In order to provide a quantitative evaluation of the impacts of hydrodynamics on water quality in UKL, a detailed hydrodynamic model was implemented using an unstructured grid 3-D hydrodynamic model known as the UnTRIM model. The circulation in UKL is driven primarily by wind. Wind speed and direction time-series records were used as input, the numerical model reproduced the wind \"set-up\" and \"set-down\" at down wind and upwind ends of the lake, respectively. Of the two acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) records, the UnTRIM model reproduced the measured velocity at the deep station. At the shallow station, the model results showed diurnal patterns that correlated well with wind variations, but the measured velocity showed water velocity sustained at 3 to 5 cm/sec or above. Discrepancies between the model results and observations at the shallow ADCP station is discussed on the basis of correct physics. If the field measurements are inconsistent with the known physics, there exists the possibility that the field data are suspect or the field data are revealing some physical processes that are not yet understood. Copyright ASCE 2005.","largerWorkTitle":"World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceTitle":"2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40792(173)426","isbn":"0784407924; 9780784407929","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., Gartner, J.W., and Wood, T., 2005, Modeling and model validation of wind-driven circulation in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, in World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Anchorage, AK, 15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005, https://doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)426.","startPage":"426","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210913,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)426"},{"id":237993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bd8e4b0c8380cd6f848","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, T.","contributorId":31194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028220,"text":"70028220 - 2005 - Flow regime alterations under changing climate in two river basins: Implications for freshwater ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028220","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow regime alterations under changing climate in two river basins: Implications for freshwater ecosystems","docAbstract":"We examined impacts of future climate scenarios on flow regimes and how predicted changes might affect river ecosystems. We examined two case studies: Cle Elum River, Washington, and Chattahoochee-Apalachicola River Basin, Georgia and Florida. These rivers had available downscaled global circulation model (GCM) data and allowed us to analyse the effects of future climate scenarios on rivers with (1) different hydrographs, (2) high future water demands, and (3) a river-floodplain system. We compared observed flow regimes to those predicted under future climate scenarios to describe the extent and type of changes predicted to occur. Daily stream flow under future climate scenarios was created by either statistically downscaling GCMs (Cle Elum) or creating a regression model between climatological parameters predicted from GCMs and stream flow (Chattahoochee-Apalachicola). Flow regimes were examined for changes from current conditions with respect to ecologically relevant features including the magnitude and timing of minimum and maximum flows. The Cle Elum's hydrograph under future climate scenarios showed a dramatic shift in the timing of peak flows and lower low flow of a longer duration. These changes could mean higher summer water temperatures, lower summer dissolved oxygen, and reduced survival of larval fishes. The Chattahoochee-Apalachicola basin is heavily impacted by dams and water withdrawals for human consumption; therefore, we made comparisons between pre-large dam conditions, current conditions, current conditions with future demand, and future climate scenarios with future demand to separate climate change effects and other anthropogenic impacts. Dam construction, future climate, and future demand decreased the flow variability of the river. In addition, minimum flows were lower under future climate scenarios. These changes could decrease the connectivity of the channel and the floodplain, decrease habitat availability, and potentially lower the ability of the river to assimilate wastewater treatment plant effluent. Our study illustrates the types of changes that river ecosystems might experience under future climates. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.855","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Gibson, C., Meyer, J., Poff, N., Hay, L., and Georgakakos, A., 2005, Flow regime alterations under changing climate in two river basins: Implications for freshwater ecosystems: River Research and Applications, v. 21, no. 8, p. 849-864, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.855.","startPage":"849","endPage":"864","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210155,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.855"},{"id":236988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a124de4b0c8380cd5425c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, C.A.","contributorId":20136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, J.L.","contributorId":73316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poff, N.L.","contributorId":22723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poff","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Georgakakos, A.","contributorId":50713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027712,"text":"70027712 - 2005 - Distribution and abundance of nonnative fishes in streams of the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027712","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and abundance of nonnative fishes in streams of the western United States","docAbstract":"This report presents data from one of the largest standardized stream surveys conducted in he western United States, which shows that one of every four individual fish in streams of 12 western states are nonnative. The states surveyed included Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The most widely distributed and abundant nonnative fishes in the western USA were brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout Salmo trutta, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, common carp Cyprinus carpio, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, largemouth bass M. salmoides, green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, yellow perch Percaflavescens, yellow bullhead Ameiurus natalis, cutthroat trout O. clarkii, western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis, golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and red shiner Cyprinella lutrensis. The greatest abundance and distribution of nonnative fishes was in interior states, and the most common nonnatives were introduced for angling. Nonnative fishes were widespread in pristine to highly disturbed streams influenced by all types of land use practices. We present ranges in water temperature, flow, stream order, riparian cover, human disturbance, and other environmental conditions where the 10 most common introduced species were found. Of the total western U.S. stream length bearing fish, 50.1% contained nonnative fishes while 17.9% contained physical environment that was ranked highly or moderately disturbed by humans. Introduced fishes can adversely affect stream communities, and they are much more widespread in western U.S. streams than habitat destruction. The widespread distribution and high relative abundance of nonnative fishes and their documented negative effects suggest their management and control should elicit at least as much attention as habitat preservation in the protection of native western U.S. stream biota. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M05-037.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Schade, C., and Bonar, S.A., 2005, Distribution and abundance of nonnative fishes in streams of the western United States: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 25, no. 4, p. 1386-1394, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-037.1.","startPage":"1386","endPage":"1394","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477880,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/m05-037.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210887,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-037.1"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a026ee4b0c8380cd50049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schade, C.B.","contributorId":82119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schade","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A.","contributorId":79617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027335,"text":"70027335 - 2005 - Application of acoustic doppler current profilers for measuring three-dimensional flow fields and as a surrogate measurement of bedload transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-21T13:45:40","indexId":"70027335","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Application of acoustic doppler current profilers for measuring three-dimensional flow fields and as a surrogate measurement of bedload transport","docAbstract":"Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) have been in use in the riverine environment for nearly 20 years. Their application primarily has been focused on the measurement of streamflow discharge. ADCPs emit high-frequency sound pulses and receive reflected sound echoes from sediment particles in the water column. The Doppler shift between transmitted and return signals is resolved into a velocity component that is measured in three dimensions by simultaneously transmitting four independent acoustical pulses. To measure the absolute velocity magnitude and direction in the water column, the velocity magnitude and direction of the instrument must also be computed. Typically this is accomplished by ensonifying the streambed with an acoustical pulse that also provides a depth measurement for each of the four acoustic beams. Sediment transport on or near the streambed will bias these measurements and requires external positioning such as a differentially corrected Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Although the influence of hydraulic structures such as spur dikes and bridge piers is typically only measured and described in one or two dimensions, the use of differentially corrected GPS with ADCPs provides a fully three-dimensional measurement of the magnitude and direction of the water column at such structures. The measurement of these flow disturbances in a field setting also captures the natural pulsations of river flow that cannot be easily quantified or modeled by numerical simulations or flumes. Several examples of measured three-dimensional flow conditions at bridge sites throughout Alaska are presented. The bias introduced to the bottom-track measurement is being investigated as a surrogate measurement of bedload transport. By fixing the position of the ADCP for a known period of time the apparent velocity of the streambed at that position can be determined. Initial results and comparison to traditionally measured bedload values are presented. These initial results and those by other researchers are helping to determine a direction for further research of noncontact measurements of sediment transport. Copyright ASCE 2005.","largerWorkTitle":"World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceTitle":"2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40792(173)391","isbn":"0784407924; 9780784407929","usgsCitation":"Conaway, J.S., 2005, Application of acoustic doppler current profilers for measuring three-dimensional flow fields and as a surrogate measurement of bedload transport, in World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Anchorage, AK, 15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005, https://doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)391.","startPage":"391","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209253,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)391"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec94e4b0c8380cd49362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conaway, Jeffrey S. 0000-0002-3036-592X jconaway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-592X","contributorId":2026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jconaway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027707,"text":"70027707 - 2005 - Landscape structure and plague occurrence in black-tailed prairie dogs on grasslands of the western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027707","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape structure and plague occurrence in black-tailed prairie dogs on grasslands of the western USA","docAbstract":"Landscape structure influences the abundance and distribution of many species, including pathogens that cause infectious diseases. Black-tailed prairie dogs in the western USA have declined precipitously over the past 100 years, most recently due to grassland conversion and their susceptibility to sylvatic plague. We assembled and analyzed two long-term data sets on plague occurrence in black-tailed prairie dogs to explore the hypotheses that plague occurrence is associated with colony characteristics and landscape context. Our two study areas (Boulder County, Colorado, and Phillips County, Montana) differed markedly in degree of urbanization and other landscape characteristics. In both study areas, we found associations between plague occurrence and landscape and colony characteristics such as the amount of roads, streams and lakes surrounding a prairie dog colony, the area covered by the colony and its neighbors, and the distance to the nearest plague-positive colony. Logistic regression models were similar between the two study areas, with the best models predicting positive effects of proximity to plague-positive colonies and negative effects of road, stream and lake cover on plague occurrence. Taken together, these results suggest that roads, streams and lakes may serve as barriers to plague in black-tailed prairie dog colonies by affecting movement of or habitat quality for plague hosts or for fleas that serve as vectors for the pathogen. The similarity in plague correlates between urban and rural study areas suggests that the correlates of plague are not altered by uniquely urban stressors. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-005-4617-5","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Collinge, S., Johnson, W., Ray, C., Matchett, R., Grensten, J., Cully, J., Gage, K., Kosoy, M., Loye, J., and Martin, A., 2005, Landscape structure and plague occurrence in black-tailed prairie dogs on grasslands of the western USA: Landscape Ecology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 941-955, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-4617-5.","startPage":"941","endPage":"955","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-4617-5"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a441ee4b0c8380cd66893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collinge, S.K.","contributorId":58832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collinge","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W.C.","contributorId":68003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ray, C.","contributorId":40758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matchett, R.","contributorId":92482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grensten, J.","contributorId":29196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grensten","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cully, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":51041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cully","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gage, K.L.","contributorId":107653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gage","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kosoy, M.Y.","contributorId":78283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosoy","given":"M.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Loye, J.E.","contributorId":9056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loye","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Martin, A.P.","contributorId":12257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":1015301,"text":"1015301 - 2005 - Delayed effects of flood control on a flood-dependent riparian forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T10:26:51","indexId":"1015301","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delayed effects of flood control on a flood-dependent riparian forest","docAbstract":"The downstream effects of dams on riparian forests are strongly mediated by the character and magnitude of adjustment of the fluvial–geomorphic system. To examine the effects of flow regulation on sand-bed streams in eastern Colorado, we studied the riparian forest on three river segments, the dam-regulated South Fork Republican River downstream of Bonny Dam, the unregulated South Fork Republican River upstream of Bonny Dam, and the unregulated Arikaree River. Although Bonny Dam significantly reduced peak and mean discharge downstream since 1951, there was little difference in forest structure between the regulated and unregulated segments. On all river segments, the riparian forest was dominated by the native pioneer tree, Populus deltoides, which became established during a period of channel narrowing beginning after the 1935 flood of record and ending by 1965. The nonnative Elaeagnus angustifolia was present on all river segments, with recruitment ongoing. The lack of contrast in forest structure between regulated and unregulated reaches resulted primarily from the fact that no large floods occurred on any of the study segments since dam construction. Most of the riparian forest in the study area was located on the broad narrowing terrace, which was rarely inundated on the unregulated segments, resulting in little contrast with the regulated segment. A minor dam effect occurred on the small modern floodplain, which was actively disturbed on the unregulated segments, but not on the regulated segments. Although Bonny Dam had the potential to significantly influence downstream riparian ecosystems, this influence had not been expressed, and may never be if a large flood does not occur within the lifetime of the dam. Minor dam effects to riparian systems can be expected downstream of large dams in some settings, including the present example in which there was insufficient time for the dam effects to by fully expressed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/04-0076","usgsCitation":"Katz, G.L., Friedman, J.M., and Beatty, S.W., 2005, Delayed effects of flood control on a flood-dependent riparian forest: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 3, p. 1019-1035, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0076.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1035","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f751c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, Gabrielle L.","contributorId":194352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katz","given":"Gabrielle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beatty, Susan W.","contributorId":70530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beatty","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028208,"text":"70028208 - 2005 - Estimation of nutrient sources and transport for New Zealand using the hybrid mechanistic-statistical model SPARROW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028208","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2343,"text":"Journal of Hydrology New Zealand","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of nutrient sources and transport for New Zealand using the hybrid mechanistic-statistical model SPARROW","docAbstract":"The hybrid mechanistic-statistical catchment model SPARROW was applied to predict the mean annual load of nitrogen and phosphorus in streams throughout New Zealand (270,000 km2). The loads from land areas, point sources, and erosion are routed through the drainage network (576,300 reaches) with first-order stream decay and attenuation in lakes and reservoirs. Model parameters were determined by calibration against loads measured in the national water quality network (77 sites). For nitrogen, the model predicted the measured loads well (R2 of 0.956 and RMSE of 0.33 in natural-log space), while for phosphorus the model fit was not as good (R2 of 0.900 and RMSE of 0.58). The predictions of exported yields for streams with catchments > 20 km2 are broadly comparable with previous compilations of yields for various land-use classes for nitrogen, but are larger than the previous measurements for phosphorus. The calibrated stream attenuation and lake/reservoir rates were broadly consistent with previous measurements. The predicted load of total nitrogen (TN) delivered to the coast was 167,700 t yr-1, which is 45% of the loads entering the streams. For total phosphorus (TP) the predicted load to the coast was 63,100 t yr-1, 44% of the load entering the streams. Reservoir/lake attenuation makes a relatively small contribution to the overall attenuation compared with in-stream attenuation (3.5% for nitrogen and 8.5% for phosphorus). The largest contribution of total nitrogen is from pastoral land uses, together accounting for 70% of the total nitrogen load to the coast. Land used for dairying makes a disproportionately large contribution to the load of total nitrogen in relation to the area of land (37% of the load versus 6.8% of the land). For total phosphorus, the highest contribution of the load to the coast is from erosion (53.2%). Point sources contribute only a small proportion of the load to the coast (3.2% for nitrogen, 1.8% for total phosphorus). The monitoring network does not include streams with catchments smaller than 10 km2, so model predictions for streams smaller than 10 km2 should be used with caution. ?? New Zealand Hydrological Society (2005).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology New Zealand","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00221708","usgsCitation":"Elliot, A., Alexander, R.B., Schwarz, G., Shankar, U., Sukias, J., and McBride, G.B., 2005, Estimation of nutrient sources and transport for New Zealand using the hybrid mechanistic-statistical model SPARROW: Journal of Hydrology New Zealand, v. 44, no. 1, p. 1-27.","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b9ce4b0c8380cd527d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliot, A.H.","contributorId":41643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliot","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shankar, Ude","contributorId":80033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shankar","given":"Ude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sukias, J.P.S.","contributorId":88137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sukias","given":"J.P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McBride, Graham B.","contributorId":83306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBride","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028203,"text":"70028203 - 2005 - Temporal patterns of Northern Goshawk nest area occupancy and habitat: A retrospective analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028203","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal patterns of Northern Goshawk nest area occupancy and habitat: A retrospective analysis","docAbstract":"We studied occupancy and habitat associations of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) at nest areas in south-central Oregon in 1992-94. We surveyed 51 pre-1992 nest areas (i.e., historical breeding areas first discovered during 1973-91) for goshawks and used aerial-photograph interpretation to document forest cover conditions and changes over time between areas that were occupied by goshawks and those where we did not detect goshawks (no-response sites). We also surveyed for new nests during 1992-94. Of 38 occupied nests first found in 1992-94 (i.e., post-1992 nest areas), 86% (33/38) were in mid-aged (mean stand DBH 23-53 cm, <15 trees/ha >53 cm DBH) or late (???15 trees/ha >53 cm DBH; mean stand DBH >53 cm) closed (>50% canopy closure) structural-stage forest. Occupancy of historical (pre-1992) nest areas by goshawks was 29% (15/51). Of 46 pre-1992 nest areas that we examined for habitat change, 15 were occupied by goshawks in 1994 and had more mid-aged closed and late closed forest in 12-, 24-, 52-, 120-, and 170-ha circular areas centered on nest locations than did 31 no-response areas. There was no difference in the amount of late closed and mid-aged closed forest in pre-1992 nest areas compared with occupied pre-1992 nest areas. A logistic regression model for all occupied nest areas confirmed that late closed and mid-aged closed forest variables were important indicators of forest conditions that supported breeding pairs. Goshawks were more likely to persist in the historical nest areas that had about 50% of mature and older closed-canopy forest within the 52ha scale. We recommend retaining existing late closed, late open, and mid closed structure within 52ha scale of the nest site. Moreover, late closed and mid closed structure combined should not fall below 50% within the 52-ha scale and should exceed 40% within the 170-ha scale surrounding the nest site. To optimize conditions for breeding goshawks, we recommend retaining large trees (>53 cm DBH) to help preserve stand integrity, maintain closed canopies, and provide connectivity to alternative nest sites within nest areas. ?? 2005 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Desimone, S., and DeStefano, S., 2005, Temporal patterns of Northern Goshawk nest area occupancy and habitat: A retrospective analysis: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 39, no. 3, p. 310-323.","startPage":"310","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba513e4b08c986b3207c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Desimone, S.M.","contributorId":73809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desimone","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028200,"text":"70028200 - 2005 - Prey selectivity and diet of striped bass in Western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028200","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prey selectivity and diet of striped bass in Western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina","docAbstract":"We collected 1,399 striped bass Morone saxatilis from western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, during May through October of 2002 and 2003 to characterize diet, prey type selectivity, and prey size selectivity. Herrings Alosa spp., Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli, silversides Menidia spp., and yellow perch Perca flavescens dominated the diets of age-1 striped bass, while Atlantic menhaden dominated the diets of older striped bass. Selectivity was calculated for three categories of striped bass (ages 1, 2, and 3 + [3-7]) based on fish prey collections from a 61-m beach seine and a 76-m purse seine. Striped bass of all ages primarily consumed fish prey regardless of the month or year. Each age category of striped bass selected for one or more species of prey from the suborder Clupeoidei. Age-1 striped bass selectivity of Alosa spp. generally increased with the progression of each sampling season, whereas selectivity for Atlantic menhaden, Menidia spp., and yellow perch decreased over time within each season. Striped bass of all ages displayed strong selection for Atlantic menhaden and strong selection against spiny-rayed fish prey. Striped bass displayed selection for specific prey, although the mechanisms responsible for selection appear to vary through time and may differ for different prey types. Striped bass either displayed neutral size selectivity or selected for relatively small prey. The mean and maximum sizes of fish prey increased with increases in striped bass size, but the minimum prey size changed little. Our results of seasonal and age-specific changes in selectivity will be valuable for modeling the impact of striped bass predation on resource prey species. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T04-115.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Rudershausen, P., Tuomikoski, J., Buckel, J., and Hightower, J., 2005, Prey selectivity and diet of striped bass in Western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 5, p. 1059-1074, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-115.1.","startPage":"1059","endPage":"1074","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210313,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T04-115.1"},{"id":237198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b84e4b0c8380cd7e288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudershausen, P.J.","contributorId":72270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudershausen","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tuomikoski, J.E.","contributorId":100702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuomikoski","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckel, J.A.","contributorId":24732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckel","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hightower, J.E.","contributorId":16605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028199,"text":"70028199 - 2005 - Guiding principles of USGS methodology for assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028199","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Guiding principles of USGS methodology for assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources","docAbstract":"During the last 30 years, the methodology for assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources used by the Geological Survey has undergone considerable change. This evolution has been based on five major principles. First, the U.S. Geological Survey has responsibility for a wide range of U.S. and world assessments and requires a robust methodology suitable for immaturely explored as well as maturely explored areas. Second, the assessments should be based on as comprehensive a set of geological and exploration history data as possible. Third, the perils of methods that solely use statistical methods without geological analysis are recognized. Fourth, the methodology and course of the assessment should be documented as transparently as possible, within the limits imposed by the inevitable use of subjective judgement. Fifth, the multiple uses of the assessments require a continuing effort to provide the documentation in such ways as to increase utility to the many types of users. Undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources are those recoverable volumes in undiscovered, discrete, conventional structural or stratigraphic traps. The USGS 2000 methodology for these resources is based on a framework of assessing numbers and sizes of undiscovered oil and gas accumulations and the associated risks. The input is standardized on a form termed the Seventh Approximation Data Form for Conventional Assessment Units. Volumes of resource are then calculated using a Monte Carlo program named Emc2, but an alternative analytic (non-Monte Carlo) program named ASSESS also can be used. The resource assessment methodology continues to change. Accumulation-size distributions are being examined to determine how sensitive the results are to size-distribution assumptions. The resource assessment output is changing to provide better applicability for economic analysis. The separate methodology for assessing continuous (unconventional) resources also has been evolving. Further studies of the relationship between geologic models of conventional and continuous resources will likely impact the respective resource assessment methodologies. ?? 2005 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-005-8075-1","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Charpentier, R., and Klett, T., 2005, Guiding principles of USGS methodology for assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources, in Natural Resources Research, v. 14, no. 3, p. 175-186, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-005-8075-1.","startPage":"175","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210312,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-005-8075-1"},{"id":237197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e54e4b0c8380cd5c462","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":33674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}