New glass reference materials GSA-1G, GSC-1G, GSD-1G and GSE-1G have been characterised using a prototype solid state laser ablation system capable of producing wavelengths of 193 nm, 213 nm and 266 nm. This system allowed comparison of the effects of different laser wavelengths under nearly identical ablation and ICP operating conditions. The wavelengths 213 nm and 266 nm were also used at higher energy densities to evaluate the influence of energy density on quantitative analysis. In addition, the glass reference materials were analysed using commercially available 266 nm Nd:YAG and 193 nm ArF excimer lasers. Laser ablation analysis was carried out using both single spot and scanning mode ablation. Using laser ablation ICP-MS, concentrations of fifty-eight elements were determined with external calibration to the NIST SRM 610 glass reference material. Instead of applying the more common internal standardisation procedure, the total concentration of all element oxide concentrations was normalised to 100%. Major element concentrations were compared with those determined by electron microprobe. In addition to NIST SRM 610 for external calibration, USGS BCR-2G was used as a more closely matrix-matched reference material in order to compare the effect of matrix-matched and non matrix-matched calibration on quantitative analysis. The results show that the various laser wavelengths and energy densities applied produced similar results, with the exception of scanning mode ablation at 266 nm without matrix-matched calibration where deviations up to 60% from the average were found. However, results acquired using a scanning mode with a matrix-matched calibration agreed with results obtained by spot analysis. The increased abundance of large particles produced when using a scanning ablation mode with NIST SRM 610, is responsible for elemental fractionation effects caused by incomplete vaporisation of large particles in the ICP.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-908X.2005.tb00903.x","usgsCitation":"Guillong, M., Hametner, K., Reusser, E., Wilson, S.A., and Gunther, D., 2005, Preliminary characterisation of new glass reference materials (GSA-1G, GSC-1G, GSD-1G and GSE-1G) by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using 193 nm, 213 nm and 266 nm wavelengths: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 29, no. 3, p. 315-331, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2005.tb00903.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8343e4b0c8380cd7be92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guillong, M.","contributorId":47972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guillong","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hametner, K.","contributorId":108314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hametner","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reusser, E.","contributorId":13808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reusser","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Stephen A. 0000-0002-9468-0005 swilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":1617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Stephen","email":"swilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":413712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gunther, D.","contributorId":35491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027906,"text":"70027906 - 2005 - Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027906","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and implications","docAbstract":"Kelps and other fleshy macroalgae - dominant reef-inhabiting organisms in cool - seasmay have radiated extensively following late Cenozoic polar cooling, thus triggering a chain of evolutionary change in the trophic ecology of nearshore temperate ecosystems. We explore this hypothesis through an analysis of body size in the abalones (Gastropoda; Haliotidae), a widely distributed group in modern oceans that displays a broad range of body sizes and contains fossil representatives from the late Cretaceous (60-75 Ma). Geographic analysis of maximum shell length in living abalones showed that small-bodied species, while most common in the Tropics, have a cosmopolitan distribution, whereas large-bodied species occur exclusively in cold-water ecosystems dominated by kelps and other macroalgae. The phylogeography of body size evolution in extant abalones was assessed by constructing a molecular phylogeny in a mix of large and small species obtained from different regions of the world. This analysis demonstrates that small body size is the plesiomorphic state and largeness has likely arisen at least twice. Finally, we compiled data on shell length from the fossil record to determine how (slowly or suddenly) and when large body size arose in the abalones. These data indicate that large body size appears suddenly at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Our findings support the view that fleshy-algal dominated ecosystems radiated rapidly in the coastal oceans with the onset of the most recent glacial age. We conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of this change. ?? 2005 The Paleontological Society. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:EOLBSI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00948373","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., Lindberg, D.R., and Wray, C., 2005, Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and implications: Paleobiology, v. 31, no. 4, p. 591-606, https://doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:EOLBSI]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"591","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:EOLBSI]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d82e4b0c8380cd53070","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, D. R.","contributorId":64181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wray, C.","contributorId":9061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027364,"text":"70027364 - 2005 - The presence and near-shore transport of human fecal pollution in Lake Michigan beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027364","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The presence and near-shore transport of human fecal pollution in Lake Michigan beaches","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes are a source of water for municipal, agricultural and industrial use, and support significant recreation, commercial and sport fishing industries. Every year millions of people visit the 500 plus recreational beaches in the Great Lakes. An increasing public health risk has been suggested with increased evidence of fecal contamination at the shoreline. To investigate the transport and fate of fecal pollution at Great Lakes beaches and the health risk associated with swimming at these beaches, the near-shore waters of Mt Baldy Beach, Lake Michigan and Trail Creek, a tributary discharging into the lake were examined for fecal pollution indicators. A model of surf zone hydrodynamics coupled with a transport model with first-order inactivation of pollutant was used to understand the relative importance of different processes operating in the surf zone (e.g. physical versus biological processes). The Enterococcus human fecal pollution marker, which targets a putative virulence factor, the enterococcal surface protein (esp) in Enterococcus faecium, was detected in 2/28 samples (7%) from the tributaries draining into Lake Michigan and in 6/30 samples (20%) from Lake Michigan beaches. Preliminary analysis suggests that the majority of fecal indicator bactateria variation and water quality changes at the beaches can be explained by inputs from the influential stream and hydrometeorological conditions. Using modeling methods to predict impaired water quality may help reduce potential health threats to recreational visitors.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005","conferenceTitle":"MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005","conferenceDate":"18 September 2005 through 23 September 2005","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2005.1639995","isbn":"0933957343; 9780933957343","usgsCitation":"Molloy, S., Liu, L., Phanikumar, M., Jenkins, T., Wong, M., Rose, J., Whitman, R., Shively, D., and Nevers, M., 2005, The presence and near-shore transport of human fecal pollution in Lake Michigan beaches, in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005, v. 2005, Washington, DC, 18 September 2005 through 23 September 2005, https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2005.1639995.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211081,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2005.1639995"},{"id":238254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2005","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baec9e4b08c986b324337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molloy, S.L.","contributorId":51527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molloy","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, L.B.","contributorId":62404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phanikumar, M.S.","contributorId":83328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phanikumar","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkins, T.M.","contributorId":77357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wong, M.V.","contributorId":16645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rose, J.B.","contributorId":60825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shively, D.A.","contributorId":78123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70027942,"text":"70027942 - 2005 - United States geological survey's reserve-growth models and their implementation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70027942","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"United States geological survey's reserve-growth models and their implementation","docAbstract":"The USGS has developed several mathematical models to forecast reserve growth of fields both in the United States (U.S.) and the world. The models are based on historical reserve growth patterns of fields in the U.S. The patterns of past reserve growth are extrapolated to forecast future reserve growth. Changes of individual field sizes through time are extremely variable, therefore, the reserve growth models take on a statistical approach whereby volumetric changes for populations of fields are used in the models. Field age serves as a measure of the field-development effort that is applied to promote reserve growth. At the time of the USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000, a reserve growth model for discovered fields of the world was not available. Reserve growth forecasts, therefore, were made based on a model of historical reserve growth of fields of the U.S. To test the feasibility of such an application, reserve growth forecasts were made of 186 giant oil fields of the world (excluding the U.S. and Canada). In addition, forecasts were made for these giant oil fields subdivided into those located in and outside of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The model provided a reserve-growth forecast that closely matched the actual reserve growth that occurred from 1981 through 1996 for the 186 fields as a whole, as well as for both OPEC and non-OPEC subdivisions, despite the differences in reserves definition among the fields of the U.S. and the rest of the world. ?? 2005 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-005-8079-x","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Klett, T., 2005, United States geological survey's reserve-growth models and their implementation, in Natural Resources Research, v. 14, no. 3, p. 249-264, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-005-8079-x.","startPage":"249","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210167,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-005-8079-x"},{"id":237005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcd1e4b08c986b328e22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027741,"text":"70027741 - 2005 - Palaeohydrology of the Southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, based on multiproxy analyses of lake sediment cores from a depth transect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027741","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palaeohydrology of the Southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, based on multiproxy analyses of lake sediment cores from a depth transect","docAbstract":"Lake-level variations at Marcella Lake, a small, hydrologically closed lake in the southwestern Yukon Territory, document changes in effective moisture since the early Holocene. Former water levels, driven by regional palaeohydrology, were reconstructed by multiproxy analyses of sediment cores from four sites spanning shallow to deep water. Marcella Lake today is thermally stratified, being protected from wind by its position in a depression. It is alkaline and undergoes bio-induced calcification. Relative accumulations of calcium carbonate and organic matter at the sediment-water interface depend on the location of the depositional site relative to the thermocline. We relate lake-level fluctuations to down-core stratigraphic variations in composition, geochemistry, sedimentary structures and to the occurrence of unconformities in four cores based on observations of modern limnology and sedimentation processes. Twenty-four AMS radiocarbon dates on macrofossils and pollen provide the lake-level chronology. Prior to 10 000 cal. BP water levels were low, but then they rose to 3 to 4 m below modern levels. Between 7500 and 5000 cal. BP water levels were 5 to 6 m below modern but rose by 4000 cal. BP. Between 4000 and 2000 cal. BP they were higher than modern. During the last 2000 years, water levels were either near or 1 to 2 m below modern levels. Marcella Lake water-level fluctuations correspond with previously documented palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes and provide new, independent effective moisture information. The improved geochronology and quantitative water-level estimates are a framework for more detailed studies in the southwest Yukon. ?? 2005 Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1191/0959683605hl889rp","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Anderson, L., Abbott, M., Finney, B.P., and Edwards, M.E., 2005, Palaeohydrology of the Southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, based on multiproxy analyses of lake sediment cores from a depth transect: Holocene, v. 15, no. 8, p. 1172-1183, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683605hl889rp.","startPage":"1172","endPage":"1183","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211144,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683605hl889rp"}],"volume":"15","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73a4e4b0c8380cd77173","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, L.","contributorId":22571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbott, M.B.","contributorId":18572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finney, B. P.","contributorId":93643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finney","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, M. E.","contributorId":29977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027566,"text":"70027566 - 2005 - Multivariate analysis of scale-dependent associations between bats and landscape structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T14:28:05.843555","indexId":"70027566","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multivariate analysis of scale-dependent associations between bats and landscape structure","docAbstract":"The assessment of biotic responses to habitat disturbance and fragmentation generally has been limited to analyses at a single spatial scale. Furthermore, methods to compare responses between scales have lacked the ability to discriminate among patterns related to the identity, strength, or direction of associations of biotic variables with landscape attributes. We present an examination of the relationship of population- and community-level characteristics of phyllostomid bats with habitat features that were measured at multiple spatial scales in Atlantic rain forest of eastern Paraguay. We used a matrix of partial correlations between each biotic response variable (i.e., species abundance, species richness, and evenness) and a suite of landscape characteristics to represent the multifaceted associations of bats with spatial structure. Correlation matrices can correspond based on either the strength (i.e., magnitude) or direction (i.e., sign) of association. Therefore, a simulation model independently evaluated correspondence in the magnitude and sign of correlations among scales, and results were combined via a meta-analysis to provide an overall test of significance. Our approach detected both species-specific differences in response to landscape structure and scale dependence in those responses. This matrix–simulation approach has broad applicability to ecological situations in which multiple intercorrelated factors contribute to patterns in space or time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/04-0532","usgsCitation":"Gorresen, P.M., Willig, M.R., and Strauss, R.E., 2005, Multivariate analysis of scale-dependent associations between bats and landscape structure: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 6, p. 2126-2136, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0532.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2126","endPage":"2136","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60b5e4b0c8380cd71637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorresen, P. M. mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":18552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willig, M. R.","contributorId":68517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willig","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strauss, R. E.","contributorId":50722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauss","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027846,"text":"70027846 - 2005 - Transboundary impacts on regional ground water modeling in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70027846","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Transboundary impacts on regional ground water modeling in Texas","docAbstract":"Recent legislation required regional grassroots water resources planning across the entire state of Texas. The Texas Water Development Board (TWDB), the state's primary water resource planning agency, divided the state into 16 planning regions. Each planning group developed plans to manage both ground water and surface water sources and to meet future demands of various combinations of domestic, agricultural, municipal, and industrial water consumers. This presentation describes the challenges in developing a ground water model for the Llano Estacado Regional Water Planning Group (LERWPG), whose region includes 21 counties in the Southern High Plains of Texas. While surface water is supplied to several cities in this region, the vast majority of the regional water use comes from the High Plains aquifer system, often locally referred to as the Ogallala Aquifer. Over 95% of the ground water demand is for irrigated agriculture. The LERWPG had to predict the impact of future TWDB-projected water demands, as provided by the TWDB, on the aquifer for the period 2000 to 2050. If detrimental impacts were noted, alternative management strategies must be proposed. While much effort was spent on evaluating the current status of the ground water reserves, an appropriate numerical model of the aquifer system was necessary to demonstrate future impacts of the predicted withdrawals as well as the effects of the alternative strategies. The modeling effort was completed in the summer of 2000. This presentation concentrates on the political, scientific, and nontechnical issues in this planning process that complicated the modeling effort. Uncertainties in data, most significantly in distribution and intensity of recharge and withdrawals, significantly impacted the calibration and predictive modeling efforts. Four predictive scenarios, including baseline projections, recurrence of the drought of record, precipitation enhancement, and reduced irrigation demand, were simulated to identify counties at risk of low final ground water storage volume or low levels of satisfied demand by 2050. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00068.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Rainwater, K., Stovall, J., Frailey, S., and Urban, L., 2005, Transboundary impacts on regional ground water modeling in Texas, in Ground Water, v. 43, no. 5, p. 706-716, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00068.x.","startPage":"706","endPage":"716","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211150,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00068.x"},{"id":238359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6bbe4b08c986b326e45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rainwater, K.","contributorId":61633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainwater","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stovall, J.","contributorId":43165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stovall","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frailey, S.","contributorId":66054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frailey","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Urban, L.","contributorId":9062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027335,"text":"70027335 - 2005 - Application of acoustic doppler current profilers for measuring three-dimensional flow fields and as a surrogate measurement of bedload transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-21T13:45:40","indexId":"70027335","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Application of acoustic doppler current profilers for measuring three-dimensional flow fields and as a surrogate measurement of bedload transport","docAbstract":"Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) have been in use in the riverine environment for nearly 20 years. Their application primarily has been focused on the measurement of streamflow discharge. ADCPs emit high-frequency sound pulses and receive reflected sound echoes from sediment particles in the water column. The Doppler shift between transmitted and return signals is resolved into a velocity component that is measured in three dimensions by simultaneously transmitting four independent acoustical pulses. To measure the absolute velocity magnitude and direction in the water column, the velocity magnitude and direction of the instrument must also be computed. Typically this is accomplished by ensonifying the streambed with an acoustical pulse that also provides a depth measurement for each of the four acoustic beams. Sediment transport on or near the streambed will bias these measurements and requires external positioning such as a differentially corrected Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Although the influence of hydraulic structures such as spur dikes and bridge piers is typically only measured and described in one or two dimensions, the use of differentially corrected GPS with ADCPs provides a fully three-dimensional measurement of the magnitude and direction of the water column at such structures. The measurement of these flow disturbances in a field setting also captures the natural pulsations of river flow that cannot be easily quantified or modeled by numerical simulations or flumes. Several examples of measured three-dimensional flow conditions at bridge sites throughout Alaska are presented. The bias introduced to the bottom-track measurement is being investigated as a surrogate measurement of bedload transport. By fixing the position of the ADCP for a known period of time the apparent velocity of the streambed at that position can be determined. Initial results and comparison to traditionally measured bedload values are presented. These initial results and those by other researchers are helping to determine a direction for further research of noncontact measurements of sediment transport. Copyright ASCE 2005.","largerWorkTitle":"World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceTitle":"2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40792(173)391","isbn":"0784407924; 9780784407929","usgsCitation":"Conaway, J.S., 2005, Application of acoustic doppler current profilers for measuring three-dimensional flow fields and as a surrogate measurement of bedload transport, in World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of Global Climate Change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Anchorage, AK, 15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005, https://doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)391.","startPage":"391","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209253,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)391"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec94e4b0c8380cd49362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conaway, Jeffrey S. 0000-0002-3036-592X jconaway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-592X","contributorId":2026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jconaway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":413218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027895,"text":"70027895 - 2005 - Virus fate and transport during artificial recharge with recycled water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T16:26:16","indexId":"70027895","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Virus fate and transport during artificial recharge with recycled water","docAbstract":"A field‐scale experiment was conducted at a research site using bacterial viruses (bacteriophage) MS2 and PRD1 as surrogates for human viruses, bromide as a conservative tracer, and tertiary‐treated municipal wastewater (recycled water) to investigate the fate and transport of viruses during artificial recharge. Observed virus concentrations were fitted using a mathematical model that simulates virus transport in one‐dimensional, homogeneous, water‐saturated porous media accounting for virus sorption (or filtration), virus inactivation, and time‐dependent source concentration. The fitted time‐dependent clogging rate constants were used to estimate the collision efficiencies for bacteriophage MS2 and PRD1 during vertical fully saturated flow. Furthermore, the corresponding time‐dependent collision efficiencies for both bacteriophage asymptotically reached similar values at the various sampling locations. These results can be used to develop an optimal management scenario to maximize the amount of recycled water that can be applied to the spreading grounds while still maintaining favorable attachment conditions for virus removal.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003419","usgsCitation":"Anders, R., and Chrysikopoulos, C., 2005, Virus fate and transport during artificial recharge with recycled water: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 10, Article W10415; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003419.","productDescription":"Article W10415; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc27ce4b08c986b32ab8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anders, Robert 0000-0002-2363-9072 randers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-9072","contributorId":1210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Robert","email":"randers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chrysikopoulos, C.V.","contributorId":16214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrysikopoulos","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027956,"text":"70027956 - 2005 - Empirical relations between elastic wavespeeds and density in the Earth's crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70027956","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical relations between elastic wavespeeds and density in the Earth's crust","docAbstract":"A compilation of compressional-wave (Vp) and shear-wave (Vs) velocities and densities for a wide variety of common lithologies is used to define new nonlinear, multivalued, and quantitative relations between these properties for the Earth's crust. Wireline borehole logs, vertical seismic profiles, laboratory measurements, and seismic tomography models provide a diverse dataset for deriving empirical relations between crustal Vp and Vs. The proposed Vs as a function of Vp relations fit Vs and Vp borehole logs in Quaternary alluvium and Salinian granites as well as laboratory measurements over a 7-km/sec-wide range in Vp. The relations derived here are very close to those used to develop a regional 3D velocity model for southern California, based on pre-1970 data, and thus provide support for that model. These data, and these relations, show a rapid increase in Vs as Vp increases to 3.5 km/sec leading to higher shear-wave velocities in young sedimentary deposits than commonly assumed. These relations, appropriate for active continental margins where earthquakes are prone to occur, suggests that amplification of strong ground motions by shallow geologic deposits may not be as large as predicted by some earlier models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050077","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., 2005, Empirical relations between elastic wavespeeds and density in the Earth's crust: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 6, p. 2081-2092, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050077.","startPage":"2081","endPage":"2092","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210328,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050077"}],"volume":"95","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0910e4b0c8380cd51dad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027571,"text":"70027571 - 2005 - The GIS weasel - An interface for the development of spatial information in modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027571","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The GIS weasel - An interface for the development of spatial information in modeling","docAbstract":"The GIS Weasel is a map and Graphical User Interface (GUI) driven tool that has been developed as an aid to modelers in the delineation, characterization of geographic features, and their parameterization for use in distributed or lumped parameter physical process models. The interface does not require user expertise in geographic information systems (GIS). The user does need knowledge of how the model will use the output from the GIS Weasel. The GIS Weasel uses Workstation ArcInfo and its the Grid extension. The GIS Weasel will run on all platforms that Workstation ArcInfo runs (i.e. numerous flavors of Unix and Microsoft Windows).The GIS Weasel requires an input ArcInfo grid of some topographical description of the Area of Interest (AOI). This is normally a digital elevation model, but can be the surface of a ground water table or any other data that flow direction can be resolved from. The user may define the AOI as a custom drainage area based on an interactively specified watershed outlet point, or use a previously created map. The user is then able to use any combination of the GIS Weasel's tool set to create one or more maps for depicting different kinds of geographic features. Once the spatial feature maps have been prepared, then the GIS Weasel s many parameterization routines can be used to create descriptions of each element in each of the user s created maps. Over 200 parameterization routines currently exist, generating information about shape, area, and topological association with other features of the same or different maps, as well many types of information based on ancillary data layers such as soil and vegetation properties. These tools easily integrate other similarly formatted data sets.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceTitle":"2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceDate":"19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA","language":"English","isbn":"0784407630","usgsCitation":"Viger, R., Markstrom, S., and Leavesley, G., 2005, The GIS weasel - An interface for the development of spatial information in modeling, in Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges, Williamsburg, VA, 19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005, p. 425-433.","startPage":"425","endPage":"433","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba73ee4b08c986b32145b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moglen G.E.","contributorId":128404,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moglen G.E.","id":536621,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Viger, Roland J. 0000-0003-2520-714X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-714X","contributorId":80711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markstrom, S.M.","contributorId":56120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027939,"text":"70027939 - 2005 - ATLSS data viewer: A tool to analyze and display ATLSS model outputs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027939","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ATLSS data viewer: A tool to analyze and display ATLSS model outputs","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceTitle":"2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceDate":"19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA","language":"English","isbn":"0784407630","usgsCitation":"Hartley, S., and Johnston, J., 2005, ATLSS data viewer: A tool to analyze and display ATLSS model outputs, in Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges, Williamsburg, VA, 19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005.","startPage":"1293","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e639e4b0c8380cd4727d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moglen G.E.","contributorId":128404,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moglen G.E.","id":536632,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hartley, S. 0000-0003-1380-2769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-2769","contributorId":21663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartley","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, J.","contributorId":33519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027937,"text":"70027937 - 2005 - Modeling downstream fining in sand-bed rivers. I: Formulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T15:36:54.601692","indexId":"70027937","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2339,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling downstream fining in sand-bed rivers. I: Formulation","docAbstract":"In this paper a numerical modeling formulation is presented for simulation of the development of the longitudinal profile and bed sediment distribution in sand-bed rivers. The objective of the model application, which is presented in the companion paper (Wright and Parker, 2005), is to study the development of two characteristics of large, low-slope, sand-bed rivers: (1) a downstream decrease in bed slope (i.e. concave upward longitudinal profile) and (2) a downstream decrease in characteristic bed sediment diameter (e.g. the median bed surface size D 50). Three mechanisms that lead to an upward concave profile and downstream fining are included in the modeling formulation: (1) a delta prograding into standing water at the downstream boundary, (2) sea-level rise, and (3) tectonic subsidence. In the companion paper (Wright and Parker, 2005) the model is applied to simulate the development of the longitudinal profile and downstream fining in sand-bed rivers flowing into the ocean during the past 5000 years of relatively slow sea-level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00221680509500381","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., and Parker, G., 2005, Modeling downstream fining in sand-bed rivers. I: Formulation: Journal of Hydraulic Research, v. 43, no. 6, p. 613-620, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221680509500381.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"620","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bf0e4b0c8380cd6f8f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, S.","contributorId":54384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027887,"text":"70027887 - 2005 - Extraordinary flood response of a small urban watershed to short-duration convective rainfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027887","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extraordinary flood response of a small urban watershed to short-duration convective rainfall","docAbstract":"The 9.1 km2 Moores Run watershed in Baltimore, Maryland, experiences floods with unit discharge peaks exceeding 1 m3 s-1 km-2 12 times yr-1, on average. Few, if any, drainage basins in the continental United States have a higher frequency. A thunderstorm system on 13 June 2003 produced the record flood peak (13.2 m3 s-1 km-2) during the 6-yr stream gauging record of Moores Run. In this paper, the hydrometeorology, hydrology, and hydraulics of extreme floods in Moores Run are examined through analyses of the 13 June 2003 storm and flood, as well as other major storm and flood events during the 2000-03 time period. The 13 June 2003 flood, like most floods in Moores Run, was produced by an organized system of thunderstorms. Analyses of the 13 June 2003 storm, which are based on volume scan reflectivity observations from the Sterling, Virginia, WSR-88D radar, are used to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of flash flood producing rainfall. Hydrology of flood response in Moores Run is characterized by highly efficient concentration of runoff through the storm drain network and relatively low runoff ratios. A detailed survey of high-water marks for the 13 June 2003 flood is used, in combination with analyses based on a 2D, depth-averaged open channel flow model (TELEMAC 2D) to examine hydraulics of the 13 June 2003 flood. Hydraulic analyses are used to examine peak discharge estimates for the 13 June flood peak, propagation of flood waves in the Moores Run channel, and 2D flow features associated with channel and floodplain geometry. ?? 2005 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/JHM426.1","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.A., Miller, A., Baeck, M., Nelson, P., Fisher, G.T., and Meierdiercks, K., 2005, Extraordinary flood response of a small urban watershed to short-duration convective rainfall: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 6, no. 5, p. 599-617, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM426.1.","startPage":"599","endPage":"617","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489900,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm426.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM426.1"},{"id":238475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e63e4b0c8380cd53420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J. A.","contributorId":101646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, A.J.","contributorId":70119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baeck, M.L.","contributorId":9058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baeck","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, P.A.","contributorId":95225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, G. T.","contributorId":49359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meierdiercks, K.L.","contributorId":39575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meierdiercks","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027428,"text":"70027428 - 2005 - Rapid tsunami models and earthquake source parameters: Far-field and local applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027428","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1954,"text":"ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid tsunami models and earthquake source parameters: Far-field and local applications","docAbstract":"Rapid tsunami models have recently been developed to forecast far-field tsunami amplitudes from initial earthquake information (magnitude and hypocenter). Earthquake source parameters that directly affect tsunami generation as used in rapid tsunami models are examined, with particular attention to local versus far-field application of those models. First, validity of the assumption that the focal mechanism and type of faulting for tsunamigenic earthquakes is similar in a given region can be evaluated by measuring the seismic consistency of past events. Second, the assumption that slip occurs uniformly over an area of rupture will most often underestimate the amplitude and leading-wave steepness of the local tsunami. Third, sometimes large magnitude earthquakes will exhibit a high degree of spatial heterogeneity such that tsunami sources will be composed of distinct sub-events that can cause constructive and destructive interference in the wavefield away from the source. Using a stochastic source model, it is demonstrated that local tsunami amplitudes vary by as much as a factor of two or more, depending on the local bathymetry. If other earthquake source parameters such as focal depth or shear modulus are varied in addition to the slip distribution patterns, even greater uncertainty in local tsunami amplitude is expected for earthquakes of similar magnitude. Because of the short amount of time available to issue local warnings and because of the high degree of uncertainty associated with local, model-based forecasts as suggested by this study, direct wave height observations and a strong public education and preparedness program are critical for those regions near suspected tsunami sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09720405","usgsCitation":"Geist, E., 2005, Rapid tsunami models and earthquake source parameters: Far-field and local applications: ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, v. 42, no. 4, p. 127-136.","startPage":"127","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9503e4b0c8380cd81760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72259,"text":"ofr20051224 - 2005 - Analyzing stakeholder preferences for managing elk and bison at the National Elk Refuge and Grand Teton National Park: An example of the disparate stakeholder management approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T15:39:55","indexId":"ofr20051224","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1224","title":"Analyzing stakeholder preferences for managing elk and bison at the National Elk Refuge and Grand Teton National Park: An example of the disparate stakeholder management approach","docAbstract":"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Park Service (NPS) are preparing a management plan for bison and elk inhabiting the National Elk Refuge (NER) and Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) near Jackson Hole, Wyoming. A management plan is needed to evaluate current and possible changes to habitat management, disease management, winter feeding and hunting programs related to the NER and GTNP. In order to make good decisions, managers need to incorporate the opinions and values of the involved stakeholders as well as understand the complex institutional constraints and opportunities that influence the decision making process. Federal, state, local, private and public stakeholders have diverse values and preferences about how to use and manage resources, and underlying institutional factors give certain stakeholders more influence over the outcome. How stakeholders use their influence can greatly affect the time, effort and costs of the decision making process. The overall result will depend both on the stakeholder’s relative power and level of conviction for their preferences.
\nMany programs and tools have been developed by different disciplines to facilitate group negotiation and decision making. Three examples are relevant here. First, decision analysis models such as the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) are commonly used to prioritize the goals and objectives of stakeholders’ preferences for resource planning by formally structuring conflicts and assisting decision makers in developing a compromised solution (Forman, 1998). Second, institutional models such as the Legal Institutional Analysis Model (LIAM) have been used to describe the organizational rules of behavior and the institutional boundaries constraining management decisions (Lamb and others, 1998). Finally, public choice models have been used to predict the potential success of rent-seeking activity (spending additional time and money to exert political pressure) to change the political rules (Becker, 1983). While these tools have been successful at addressing various pieces of the natural resource decision making process, their use in isolation is not enough to fully depict the complexities of the physical and biological systems with the rules and constraints of the underlying economic and political systems. An approach is needed that combines natural sciences, economics, and politics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051224","usgsCitation":"Koontz, L., and Hoag, D.L., 2005, Analyzing stakeholder preferences for managing elk and bison at the National Elk Refuge and Grand Teton National Park: An example of the disparate stakeholder management approach: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1224, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051224.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051224.PNG"},{"id":320237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1224/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park, National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0223388671875,\n 43.48780125691884\n ],\n [\n -111.0223388671875,\n 44.081666311450526\n ],\n [\n -110.47714233398436,\n 44.081666311450526\n ],\n [\n -110.47714233398436,\n 43.48780125691884\n ],\n [\n -111.0223388671875,\n 43.48780125691884\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c38b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":285283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoag, Dana L.","contributorId":40294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoag","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027592,"text":"70027592 - 2005 - Young (late Amazonian), near-surface, ground ice features near the equator, Athabasca Valles, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027592","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Young (late Amazonian), near-surface, ground ice features near the equator, Athabasca Valles, Mars","docAbstract":"A suite of four feature types in a ???20 km2 area near 10?? N, 204?? W in Athabasca Valles is interpreted to have resulted from near-surface ground ice. These features include mounds, conical forms with rimmed summit depressions, flatter irregularly-shaped forms with raised rims, and polygonal terrain. Based on morphology, size, and analogy to terrestrial ground ice forms, these Athabascan features are interpreted as pingos, collapsing pingos, pingo scars, and thermal contraction polygons, respectively. Thermal Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (THEMIS) data and geological features in the area are consistent with a sedimentary substrate underlying these features. These observations lead us to favor a ground ice interpretation, although we do not rule out volcanic and especially glaciofluvial hypotheses. The hypothesized ground ice that formed the mounds and rimmed features may have been emplaced via the deposition of saturated sediment during flooding; an alternative scenario invokes magmatically cycled groundwater. The ground ice implicit in the hypothesized thermal contraction polygons may have derived either from this flooding/ground water, or from atmospheric water vapor. The lack of obvious flood modification of the mounds and rimmed features indicates that they formed after the most recent flood inundated the area. Analogy with terrestrial pingos suggests that ground ice may be still extant within the positive relief mounds. As the water that flooded down Athabasca Valles emerged via a volcanotectonic fissure from a deep aquifer, any extant pingo ice may contain evidence of a deep subsurface biosphere. ?? 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2005.04.012","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Burr, D., Soare, R., Wan, B.T., and Emery, J., 2005, Young (late Amazonian), near-surface, ground ice features near the equator, Athabasca Valles, Mars: Icarus, v. 178, no. 1, p. 56-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.04.012.","startPage":"56","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211088,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.04.012"},{"id":238270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd24ce4b08c986b32f72b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burr, D.M.","contributorId":60420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burr","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soare, R.J.","contributorId":88141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soare","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wan, Bun Tseung J.-M.","contributorId":78143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Bun","email":"","middleInitial":"Tseung J.-M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Emery, J.P.","contributorId":8669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72260,"text":"ofr20051221 - 2005 - Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: An annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T11:35:20","indexId":"ofr20051221","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1221","title":"Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: An annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"This bibliography and associated literature synthesis (Melcher and Skagen, 2005) was developed for the Playa Lakes Joint Venture (PLJV). The PLJV sought compilation and annotation of the literature on grass buffers for protecting playas from runoff containing sediments, nutrients, pesticides, and other contaminants. In addition, PLJV sought information regarding the extent to which buffers may attenuate the precipitation runoff needed to fill playas, and avian use of buffers. We emphasize grass buffers, but we also provide information on other buffer types.
\nThere are a number of relatively synonymous terms that describe grass buffers for wetlands. They include: buffer strip, vegetated filter strip (VFS), grass buffer, grass filter, grass hedge, and grassed waterway (GW), among others (see McKague and others, 1996). Although some of these terms represent slightly different designs, placements, and/or purposes, they all perform similar functions. In this document, we use ‘buffer’ and VFS more or less interchangeably; other types are specified by name (e.g., grass hedges).
\nOur bibliography is by no means exhaustive, as the body of literature potentially relevant to playas and wetland buffers is vast. Thus, we attempted to include and annotate at least 1–3 papers by numerous researchers heavily involved in buffer research and modeling. We also included single papers by other researchers to increase the spectrum of regional focus, watershed/wetland conditions, research approaches, researcher expertise, and the time over which buffer theories/practices have evolved. We found virtually no literature specific to buffers for playas (confirmed by D.A. Haukos, oral. commun., 2005); thus, we conducted interviews with playa scientists to glean information on possible buffer design and management specifically for playas. We did, however, find a significant body of literature on the results of controlled experiments designed to test buffer effectiveness, an important first step towards validating buffer effectiveness in real-world situations.
\nOf the literature on playa ecology, flora, and wildlife, we found that most focuses on playa basins and wetlands rather than the surrounding uplands and grasslands; furthermore, most of the empirical work on playa ecology has taken place in the Southern High Plains (SHP; i.e., Texas and Oklahoma panhandles, southeastern Colorado, and southwestern Kansas) because many wetlands in other portions of the PLJV region (Fig. 1) were only recently recognized as playas. Finally, we found few papers on avian use of buffers; therefore, we focused on those that report on avian use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields or lands enrolled in similar programs.
\nReferences on best management practices (BMPs) for agricultural lands were included because certain BMPs are crucial for informing decisions about buffer design/ effectiveness and overall playa ecology. We also included various papers that increase the spectrum of time over which buffer theories and practices have evolved. An unannotated section lists references that we did not prioritize for annotation and references that may be helpful but were beyond the scope of this document. Finally, we provide notes on conversations we had with scientists, land managers, and other buffer experts whom we consulted, and their contact information. We conclude the bibliography with appendices of common and scientific names of birds and plants and acronyms used in both the bibliography. In the annotations, italicized text signifies our own editorial remarks. Readers should also note that much of the work on buffers has been designed using English units of measure rather than metrics; in most cases, their results have been converted to metrics for publication, explaining the seemingly odd or irregular buffer widths and other parameters reported.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051221","usgsCitation":"Melcher, C.P., and Skagen, S.K., 2005, Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: An annotated bibliography (Revised and reprinted 2005): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1221, iv, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051221.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051221.PNG"},{"id":321048,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20051220","text":"Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: A literature synthesis"},{"id":320248,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revised and reprinted 2005","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2afb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":285285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027594,"text":"70027594 - 2005 - Fish assemblages in oxbow lakes relative to connectivity with the Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70027594","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblages in oxbow lakes relative to connectivity with the Mississippi River","docAbstract":"The alluvial valley of the lower Mississippi River contains hundreds of fluvial lakes that are periodically connected to the river during high water, although the frequency, duration, and timing of the connections vary. To help design plans to restore and preserve fish assemblages in these alluvial lakes, this investigation tested whether predictable patterns in lake fish assemblages were linked to the level of connectivity with the river. Results suggested that connectivity played an important role in structuring fish assemblages and that it was correlated with variables such as lake size, depth, distance from the river, and age, which exhibit a continuum of predictable features as the river migrates away from abandoned channels. Annual floods homogenize the floodplain and promote connectivity to various degrees, allowing for fish exchanges between river and floodplain that directly affect fish assemblages. The major physical changes linked to reduced connectivity are loss of depth and area, which in turn affect a multiplicity of abiotic and biotic features that indirectly affect community structure. In advanced stages of disconnection, fish assemblages in oxbow lakes are expected to include largely species that thrive in turbid, shallow systems with few predators and low oxygen content. When the river flowed without artificial restraint, oxbow lakes were created at the rate of 13-15 per century. At present, no or few oxbow lakes are being formed, and as existing lakes age, they are becoming shallower, smaller, and progressively more disconnected from the river. Given that modifications to the Mississippi River appear to be irreversible, conservation of this resource requires maintenance of existing lakes at a wide range of aging phases that provide diverse habitats and harbor distinct species assemblages.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-057.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L., 2005, Fish assemblages in oxbow lakes relative to connectivity with the Mississippi River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 6, p. 1480-1489, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-057.1.","startPage":"1480","endPage":"1489","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211113,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-057.1"}],"volume":"134","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a107ee4b0c8380cd53ccb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027670,"text":"70027670 - 2005 - Assessing the vulnerability of a municipal well field to contamination in a karst aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T08:00:49","indexId":"70027670","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the vulnerability of a municipal well field to contamination in a karst aquifer","docAbstract":"Proposed expansion of extractive lime-rock mines near the Miami-Dade County Northwest well field and Everglades wetland areas has garnered intense scrutiny by government, public, environmental stakeholders, and the media because of concern that mining will increase the risk of pathogen contamination. Rock mines are excavated to the same depth as the well field's primary producing zone. The underlying karst Biscayne aquifer is a triple-porosity system characterized by (1) a matrix of interparticle porosity and separate vug porosity; (2) touching-vug porosity that forms preferred, stratiform passageways; and, less commonly, (3) conduit porosity formed by thin solution pipes, bedding-plane vugs, and cavernous vugs. Existing ground-water flow and particle tracking models do not provide adequate information regarding the ability the aquifer to limit the advective movement of pathogens and other contaminants. Chemical transport and colloidal mobility properties have been delineated using conservative and microsphere-surrogate tracers for Cryptosporidium parvum. Forced-gradient tests were executed by introducing conservative tracers into injection wells located 100 m (328 ft) from a municipal-supply well. Apparent mean advective velocity between the wells is one to two orders of magnitude greater than previously measured. Touching-vug, stratiform flow zones are efficient pathways for tracer movement at the well field. The effective porosity for a continuum model between the point of injection and tracer recovery ranges from 2 to 4 percent and is an order of magnitude smaller than previously assumed. Existing well-field protection zones were established using porosity estimates based on specific yield. The effective, or kinematic, porosity of a Biscayne aquifer continuum model is lower than the total porosity, because high velocities occur along preferential flow paths that result in faster times of travel than can be represented with the ground-water flow equation. Tracer tests indicate that the relative ease of contaminant movement to municipal supply wells is much greater than previously considered.","language":"English","publisher":"GSW","doi":"10.2113/11.4.319","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Renken, R., Cunningham, K., Zygnerski, M., Wacker, M., Shapiro, A., Harvey, R., Metge, D., Osborn, C., and Ryan, J.N., 2005, Assessing the vulnerability of a municipal well field to contamination in a karst aquifer: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 11, no. 4, p. 319-331, https://doi.org/10.2113/11.4.319.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"331","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477826,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.372.1559","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211197,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/11.4.319"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edf1e4b0c8380cd49b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renken, R.A.","contributorId":99161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renken","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, K.J.","contributorId":39852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zygnerski, M.R.","contributorId":45109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zygnerski","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wacker, M.A.","contributorId":91168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":414661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Osborn, C.L.","contributorId":9852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osborn","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70027968,"text":"70027968 - 2005 - Evidence for micronutrient limitation of biological soil crusts: Importance to arid-lands restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T14:14:43.201858","indexId":"70027968","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for micronutrient limitation of biological soil crusts: Importance to arid-lands restoration","docAbstract":"Desertification is a global problem, costly to national economies and human societies. Restoration of biological soil crusts (BSCs) may have an important role to play in the reversal of desertification due to their ability to decrease erosion and enhance soil fertility. To determine if there is evidence that lower fertility may hinder BSC recolonization, we investigated the hypothesis that BSC abundance is driven by soil nutrient concentrations. At a regional scale (north and central Colorado Plateau, USA), moss and lichen cover and richness are correlated with a complex water–nutrient availability gradient and have approximately six-fold higher cover and approximately two-fold higher species richness on sandy soils than on shale-derived soils. At a microscale, mosses and lichens are overrepresented in microhabitats under the north sides of shrub canopies, where water and nutrients are more available. At two spatial scales, and at the individual species and community levels, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that distributions of BSC organisms are determined largely by soil fertility. The micronutrients Mn and Zn figured prominently and consistently in the various analyses, strongly suggesting that these elements are previously unstudied limiting factors in BSC development. Structural-equation modeling of our data is most consistent with the hypothesis of causal relationships between the availability of micronutrients and the abundance of the two major nitrogen (N) fixers of BSCs. Specifically, higher Mn availability may determine greater Collema tenax abundance, and both Mn and Zn may limit Collema coccophorum; alternative causal hypotheses were less consistent with the data. We propose experimental trials of micronutrient addition to promote the restoration of BSC function on disturbed lands. Arid lands, where BSCs are most prevalent, cover ∼40% of the terrestrial surface of the earth; thus the information gathered in this study is potentially useful in many places worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/04-1959","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Belnap, J., Davidson, D.W., and Phillips, S.L., 2005, Evidence for micronutrient limitation of biological soil crusts: Importance to arid-lands restoration: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1941-1951, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1959.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1941","endPage":"1951","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d4ae4b0c8380cd52f17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. A.","contributorId":18901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davidson, D. W.","contributorId":52389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, S. L.","contributorId":94460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}