{"pageNumber":"1047","pageRowStart":"26150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40837,"records":[{"id":70029605,"text":"70029605 - 2005 - Sources, bioavailability, and photoreactivity of dissolved organic carbon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029605","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources, bioavailability, and photoreactivity of dissolved organic carbon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","docAbstract":"We analyzed bioavailability, photoreactivity, fluorescence, and isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) collected at 13 stations in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta during various seasons to estimate the persistence of DOC from diverse shallow water habitat sources. Prospective large-scale wetland restorations in the Delta may change the amount of DOC available to the food web as well as change the quality of Delta water exported for municipal use. Our study indicates that DOC contributed by Delta sources is relatively refractory and likely mostly the dissolved remnants of vascular plant material from degrading soils and tidal marshes rather than phytoplankton production. Therefore, the prospective conversion of agricultural land into submerged, phytoplankton-dominated habitats may reduce the undesired export of DOC from the Delta to municipal users. A median of 10% of Delta DOC was rapidly utilizable by bacterioplankton. A moderate dose of simulated solar radiation (286 W m-2 for 4 h) decreased the DOC bioavailability by an average of 40%, with a larger relative decrease in samples with higher initial DOC bioavailability. Potentially, a DOC-based microbial food web could support ???0.6 ?? 109 g C of protist production in the Delta annually, compared to ???17 ?? 109 g C phytoplankton primary production. Thus, DOC utilization via the microbial food web is unlikely to play an important role in the nutrition of Delta zooplankton and fish, and the possible decrease in DOC concentration due to wetland restoration is unlikely to have a direct effect on Delta fish productivity. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-004-3361-2","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Stepanauskas, R., Moran, M., Bergamaschi, B., and Hollibaugh, J., 2005, Sources, bioavailability, and photoreactivity of dissolved organic carbon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: Biogeochemistry, v. 74, no. 2, p. 131-149, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-3361-2.","startPage":"131","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-3361-2"}],"volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b93a6e4b08c986b31a5f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stepanauskas, R.","contributorId":61937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stepanauskas","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, M.A.","contributorId":62385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollibaugh, J.T.","contributorId":22886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollibaugh","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029601,"text":"70029601 - 2005 - Seismic hazard in the South Carolina coastal plain: 2002 update of the USGS national seismic hazard maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029601","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seismic hazard in the South Carolina coastal plain: 2002 update of the USGS national seismic hazard maps","docAbstract":"The damaging 1886 moment magnitude ???7 Charleston, South Carolina earthquake is indicative of the moderately likely earthquake activity along this portion of the Atlantic Coast. A recurrence of such an earthquake today would have serious consequences for the nation. The national seismic hazard maps produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provide a picture of the levels of seismic hazard across the nation based on the best and most current scientific information. The USGS national maps were updated in 2002 and will become part of the International Codes in 2006. In the past decade, improvements have occurred in the scientific understanding of the nature and character of earthquake activity and expected ground motions in the central and eastern U.S. The paper summarizes the new knowledge of expected earthquake locations, magnitudes, recurrence, and ground-motion decay with distance. New estimates of peak ground acceleration and 0.2 s and 1.0 s spectral acceleration are compared with those displayed in the 1996 national maps. The 2002 maps show increased seismic hazard in much of the coastal plain of South Carolina, but a decrease in long period (1 s and greater) hazard by up to 20% at distances of over 50 km from the Charleston earthquake zone. Although the national maps do not account for the effects of local or regional sediments, deep coastal-plain sediments can significally alter expected ground shaking, particularly at long period motions where it can be 100% higher than the national maps.","largerWorkTitle":"Solutions to Coastal Disasters 2005 - Proceedings of the Conference","conferenceTitle":"Solutions to Coastal Disasters 2005","conferenceDate":"8 May 2005 through 11 May 2005","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","isbn":"0784407746","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C., and Mays, T., 2005, Seismic hazard in the South Carolina coastal plain: 2002 update of the USGS national seismic hazard maps, <i>in</i> Solutions to Coastal Disasters 2005 - Proceedings of the Conference, Charleston, SC, 8 May 2005 through 11 May 2005, p. 630-638.","startPage":"630","endPage":"638","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b1ae4b08c986b3175c2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wallendorf L.Ewing L.Rogers S.Jones C.","contributorId":128368,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wallendorf L.Ewing L.Rogers S.Jones C.","id":536650,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Cramer, C.H.","contributorId":100012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mays, T.W.","contributorId":108311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mays","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029598,"text":"70029598 - 2005 - The persistence of the water budget myth and its relationship to sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029598","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The persistence of the water budget myth and its relationship to sustainability","docAbstract":"Sustainability and sustainable pumping are two different concepts that are often used interchangeably. The latter term refers to a pumping rate that can be maintained indefinitely without mining an aquifer, whereas the former term is broader and concerns such issues as ecology and water quality, among others, in addition to sustainable pumping. Another important difference between the two concepts is that recharge can be very important to consider when assessing sustainability, but is not necessary to estimate sustainable pumping rates. Confusion over this distinction is made worse by the Water Budget Myth, which comprises the mistaken yet persistent ideas that (1) sustainable pumping rates cannot exceed virgin recharge rates in aquifers, and (2) that virgin recharge rates must therefore be known to estimate sustainable pumping rates. Analysis of the water balance equation shows the special circumstances that must apply for the Water Budget Myth to be true. However, due to the effects recharge is likely to have on water quality, ecology, socioeconomic factors, and, under certain circumstances, its requirement for numerical modeling, it remains important in assessments of sustainability. ?? Springer-Verlag 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-004-0354-0","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Devlin, J., and Sophocleous, M., 2005, The persistence of the water budget myth and its relationship to sustainability: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 13, no. 4, p. 549-554, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0354-0.","startPage":"549","endPage":"554","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210600,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0354-0"},{"id":237574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae8ae4b08c986b324180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Devlin, J.F.","contributorId":12679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devlin","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029594,"text":"70029594 - 2005 - Stratigraphic and geochemical evolution of an oceanic arc upper crustal section: The Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029594","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic and geochemical evolution of an oceanic arc upper crustal section: The Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The Early Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation forms the upper stratigraphic level of an oceanic volcanic arc complex within the Peninsular Terrane of south-central Alaska. The section comprises a series of lavas, tuffs, and volcaniclastic debris-How and flow turbidite deposits, showing significant lateral facies variability. There is a general trend toward more volcaniclastic sediment at the top of the section and more lavas and tuff breccias toward the base. Evidence for dominant submarine, mostly mid-bathyal or deeper (>500 m) emplacement is seen throughout the section, which totals ???7 km in thickness, similar to modern western Pacific arcs, and far more than any other known exposed section. Subaerial sedimentation was rare but occurred over short intervals in the middle of the section. The Talkeetna Volcanic Formation is dominantly calc-alkatine and shows no clear trend to increasing SiO2 up-section. An oceanic subduction petrogenesis is shown by trace element and Nd isotope data. Rocks at the base of the section show no relative enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs) versus heavy rare earth elements (REES) or in melt-incompatible versus compatible high field strength elements (HFSEs). Relative enrichment of LREEs and HFSEs increases slightly up-section. The Talkeetna Volcanic Formation is typically more REE depleted than average continental crust, although small volumes of light REE-enriched and heavy REE-depleted mafic lavas are recognized low in the stratigraphy. The Talkeetna Volcanic Formation was formed in an intraoceanic arc above a north-dipping subduction zone and contains no preserved record of its subsequent collisions with Wrangellia or North America. ?? 2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25638.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Clift, P., Draut, A., Kelemen, P., Blusztajn, J., and Greene, A., 2005, Stratigraphic and geochemical evolution of an oceanic arc upper crustal section: The Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation, south-central Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 7-8, p. 902-925, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25638.1.","startPage":"902","endPage":"925","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25638.1"},{"id":237498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98c8e4b08c986b31c138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clift, P.D.","contributorId":100182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clift","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Draut, A.E.","contributorId":50273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelemen, P.B.","contributorId":107034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelemen","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blusztajn, J.","contributorId":16639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blusztajn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greene, A.","contributorId":34711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029587,"text":"70029587 - 2005 - Species abundance in a forest community in South China: A case of poisson lognormal distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T12:42:32","indexId":"70029587","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2358,"text":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species abundance in a forest community in South China: A case of poisson lognormal distribution","docAbstract":"Case studies on Poisson lognormal distribution of species abundance have been rare, especially in forest communities. We propose a numerical method to fit the Poisson lognormal to the species abundance data at an evergreen mixed forest in the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, South China. Plants in the tree, shrub and herb layers in 25 quadrats of 20 m??20 m, 5 m??5 m, and 1 m??1 m were surveyed. Results indicated that: (i) for each layer, the observed species abundance with a similarly small median, mode, and a variance larger than the mean was reverse J-shaped and followed well the zero-truncated Poisson lognormal; (ii) the coefficient of variation, skewness and kurtosis of abundance, and two Poisson lognormal parameters (?? and ??) for shrub layer were closer to those for the herb layer than those for the tree layer; and (iii) from the tree to the shrub to the herb layer, the ?? and the coefficient of variation decreased, whereas diversity increased. We suggest that: (i) the species abundance distributions in the three layers reflects the overall community characteristics; (ii) the Poisson lognormal can describe the species abundance distribution in diverse communities with a few abundant species but many rare species; and (iii) 1/?? should be an alternative measure of diversity.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00095.x","issn":"16729072","usgsCitation":"Yin, Z., Ren, H., Zhang, Q., Peng, S., Guo, Q., and Zhou, G., 2005, Species abundance in a forest community in South China: A case of poisson lognormal distribution: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, v. 47, no. 7, p. 801-810, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00095.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"801","endPage":"810","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477968,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.572.7351","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210462,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00095.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94f0e4b08c986b31accc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Z.-Y.","contributorId":8278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Z.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ren, H.","contributorId":45273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Q.-M.","contributorId":31190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Q.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peng, S.-L.","contributorId":85762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"S.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guo, Q.-F.","contributorId":74180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhou, G.-Y.","contributorId":37522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.-Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029584,"text":"70029584 - 2005 - Nutritional condition of elk in rocky mountain national park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029584","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutritional condition of elk in rocky mountain national park","docAbstract":"We tested the hypothesis that elk in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) were at ecological carrying capacity by determining herd-specific levels of nutritional condition and fecundity. Ingesta-free body fat levels in adult cows that were lactating were 10.6% (s = 1.7; range = 6.2-15.4) and 7.7% (s = 0.5; range = 5.9-10.1) in November 2001 for the Horseshoe and Moraine Park herds, respectively. Cows that were not lactating were able to accrue significantly more body fat: 14.0% (s = 1.1; range = 7.7-19.3) and 11.5% (s = 0.8; range = 8.6-15.1) for the Horseshoe and Moraine Park herds, respectively. Cow elk lost most of their body fat over winter (April 2002 levels were 3.9% [s = 0.4] and 2.9% [s = 0.4] for the Horseshoe and Moraine Park herds, respectively). Nutritional condition indicated that both Horseshoe Park and Moraine Park elk were well below condition levels elk can achieve on very good-excellent nutrition (i.e., >15% body fat; Cook et al. 2004) and were comparable to other free-ranging elk populations. However, condition levels were higher than those expected at a \"food-limited\" carrying capacity, and a proportion of elk in each herd were able to achieve condition levels indicative of very good-excellent nutrition. Elk in RMNP are likely regulated and/or limited by a complex combination of density-independent (including significant heterogeneity in forage conditions across RMNP's landscape) and density-dependent processes, as condition levels contradict a simple density-dependent model of a population at ecological carrying capacity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Bender, L.C., and Cook, J., 2005, Nutritional condition of elk in rocky mountain national park: Western North American Naturalist, v. 65, no. 3, p. 329-334.","startPage":"329","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a69d5e4b0c8380cd73eff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, Louis C.","contributorId":72509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, J.G.","contributorId":75885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029581,"text":"70029581 - 2005 - Near-infrared (0.8-4.0  m) spectroscopy of mimas, enceladus, tethys, and rhea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T13:35:11","indexId":"70029581","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":915,"text":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-infrared (0.8-4.0  m) spectroscopy of mimas, enceladus, tethys, and rhea","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spectral measurements from the ground in the time leading up to the Cassini mission at Saturn provide important context for the interpretation of the forthcoming spacecraft data. Whereas ground-based observations cannot begin to approach the spatial scales Cassini will achieve, they do possess the benefits of better spectral resolution, a broader possible time baseline, and unique veiewing geometries not obtained by spacecraft (i.e., opposition). In this spirit, we present recent NIR reflectance spectra of four icy satellites of Saturn measured with the SpeX instrument at the IRTF. These measurements cover the range 0.8-4.0&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2005/19/aa2482-04/img2.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$\\mu$\" width=\"11\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" /><span>m of both the leading and trailing sides of Tethys and the leading side of Rhea. The&nbsp;</span><i>L</i><span>-band region (2.8-4.0&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2005/19/aa2482-04/img2.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$\\mu$\" width=\"11\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" /><span>m) offers new opportunities for searches of minor components on these objects. Additionally, these data include 0.8-2.5&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2005/19/aa2482-04/img2.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$\\mu$\" width=\"11\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" /><span>m spectra of both the leading and trailing sides of Mimas and of the (mostly) trailing side of Enceladus. The spectrum of Enceladus shows activity near 2.25&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2005/19/aa2482-04/img2.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$\\mu$\" width=\"11\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" /><span>m that we interpret as a possible signature of&nbsp;</span><span>NH</span><i><sub>3</sub></i><span>&nbsp;ice. The presence of ammonia in the Saturn system is not unexpected, and may help explain the apparent recent geologic activity of Enceladus. Analysis of leading/trailing differences in</span><span>H</span><i><sub>2</sub></i><span>O&nbsp;band depths, spectral slopes, and albedo imply a separate regime of surface modification for Mimas and Enceladus than for the more distant icy satellites (Tethys, Dione, Rhea). Aside from the potential&nbsp;</span><span>NH</span><i><sub>3</sub></i><span>&nbsp;on Enceladus, no other minor constituents are detected in these icy surfaces.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"EDP Sciences","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361:20042482","issn":"00046361","usgsCitation":"Emery, J., Burr, D., Cruikshank, D.P., Brown, R.H., and Dalton, J., 2005, Near-infrared (0.8-4.0  m) spectroscopy of mimas, enceladus, tethys, and rhea: Astronomy and Astrophysics, v. 435, no. 1, p. 353-362, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20042482.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"362","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477905,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20042482","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210824,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20042482"}],"volume":"435","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63f9e4b0c8380cd727cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emery, J.P.","contributorId":8669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burr, D.M.","contributorId":60420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burr","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dalton, J.B.","contributorId":77251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029551,"text":"70029551 - 2005 - Waveform tomography of crustal structure in the south San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029551","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waveform tomography of crustal structure in the south San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"We utilize a scattering-based seismic tomography technique to constrain crustal tructure around the southern San Francisco Bay region (SFBR). This technique is based on coupled traveling wave scattering theory, which has usually been applied to the interpretation of surface waves in large regional-scale studies. Using fully three-dimensional kernels, this technique is here applied to observed P, S, and surface waves of intermediate period (3-4 s dominant period) observed following eight selected regional events. We use a total of 73 seismograms recorded by a U.S. Geological Survey short-period seismic array in the western Santa Clara Valley, the Berkeley Digital Seismic Network, and the Northern California Seismic Network. Modifications of observed waveforms due to scattering from crustal structure include (positive or negative) amplification, delay, and generation of coda waves. The derived crustal structure explains many of the observed signals which cannot be explained with a simple layered structure. There is sufficient sensitivity to both deep and shallow crustal structure that even with the few sources employed in the present study, we obtain shallow velocity structure which is reasonably consistent with previous P wave tomography results. We find a depth-dependent lateral velocity contrast across the San Andreas fault (SAF), with higher velocities southwest of the SAF in the shallow crust and higher velocities northeast of the SAF in the midcrust. The method does not have the resolution to identify very slow sediment velocities in the upper approximately 3 km since the tomographic models are smooth at a vertical scale of about 5 km. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003509","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., and Fletcher, J., 2005, Waveform tomography of crustal structure in the south San Francisco Bay region: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 8, p. 1-37, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003509.","startPage":"1","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478018,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003509","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210489,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003509"},{"id":237423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfa2e4b08c986b32ea00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, J.P.","contributorId":44540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029550,"text":"70029550 - 2005 - Groundwater recharge and sustainability in the High Plains aquifer in Kansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029550","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater recharge and sustainability in the High Plains aquifer in Kansas, USA","docAbstract":"Sustainable use of groundwater must ensure not only that the future resource is not threatened by overuse, but also that natural environments that depend on the resource, such as stream baseflows, riparian vegetation, aquatic ecosystems, and wetlands are protected. To properly manage groundwater resources, accurate information about the inputs (recharge) and outputs (pumpage and natural discharge) within each groundwater basin is needed so that the long-term behavior of the aquifer and its sustainable yield can be estimated or reassessed. As a first step towards this effort, this work highlights some key groundwater recharge studies in the Kansas High Plains at different scales, such as regional soil-water budget and groundwater modeling studies, county-scale groundwater recharge studies, as well as field-experimental local studies, including some original new findings, with an emphasis on assumptions and limitations as well as on environmental factors affecting recharge processes. The general impact of irrigation and cultivation on recharge is to appreciably increase the amount of recharge, and in many cases to exceed precipitation as the predominant source of recharge. The imbalance between the water input (recharge) to the High Plains aquifer and the output (pumpage and stream baseflows primarily) is shown to be severe, and responses to stabilize the system by reducing water use, increasing irrigation efficiency, adopting water-saving land-use practices, and other measures are outlined. Finally, the basic steps necessary to move towards sustainable use of groundwater in the High Plains are delineated, such as improving the knowledge base, reporting and providing access to information, furthering public education, as well as promoting better understanding of the public's attitudinal motivations; adopting the ecosystem and adaptive management approaches to managing groundwater; further improving water efficiency; exploiting the full potential of dryland and biosaline agriculture; and adopting a goal of long-term sustainable use. ?? Springer-Verlag 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-004-0385-6","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Sophocleous, M., 2005, Groundwater recharge and sustainability in the High Plains aquifer in Kansas, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 13, no. 2, p. 351-365, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0385-6.","startPage":"351","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210488,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0385-6"},{"id":237422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dbee4b0c8380cd5bfea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70029543,"text":"70029543 - 2005 - Arsenic-bearing pyrite and marcasite in the Fire Clay coal bed, Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, eastern Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029543","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic-bearing pyrite and marcasite in the Fire Clay coal bed, Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, eastern Kentucky","docAbstract":"Arsenic concentrations determined on 11 lithotype samples from the Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Group Fire Clay coal bed, Leslie County, KY, range from 1 to 418 ppm (whole coal basis). The 11 lithotype samples, which vary in thickness from 4 to 18 cm, were sampled from a continuous 1.38 m channel sample, and were selected based on megascopic appearance (vitrain-rich versus attrital-rich). A lithotype that contains 418 ppm As is located near the top of the coal bed and is composed of 10.5 cm of bright clarain bands containing fusain that, within short distances, grade laterally into Fe sulfide bands. To determine the mode of occurrence of As in this lithotype, the coal was examined with scanning electron microscopy and analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Massive, framboidal, cell filling, cell-wall replacement, and radiating forms of Fe sulfide were observed in the high As lithotype; many of the radiating Fe sulfide forms, and one of the cell-wall replacements contained As. Examination of the grains with optical light microscopy shows that the majority of radiating morphologies are pyrite, the remainder are marcasite. Selected Fe sulfide grains were also analyzed by electron microprobe microscopy. Arsenic concentrations within individual grains range from 0.0 wt.% to approximately 3.5 wt.%. On the basis of morphology, these Fe sulfides are presumed to be of syngenetic origin and would probably be removed from the coal during physical coal cleaning, thus eliminating a potential source of As from the coal combustion process. However, because the grains are radiating and have high surface area, dissolution and release of As could occur if the pyrite is oxidized in refuse ponds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.003","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Ruppert, L., Hower, J., and Eble, C., 2005, Arsenic-bearing pyrite and marcasite in the Fire Clay coal bed, Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, eastern Kentucky: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 63, no. 1-2 SPEC. ISS., p. 27-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.003.","startPage":"27","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210822,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.003"},{"id":237856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1-2 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eda2e4b0c8380cd498fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029512,"text":"70029512 - 2005 - Low summer water temperatures influence occurrence of naturalized salmonids across a mountain watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029512","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low summer water temperatures influence occurrence of naturalized salmonids across a mountain watershed","docAbstract":"We investigated relationships between the absence of salmonids and low summer water temperatures across a 150-km2 Rocky Mountain watershed. A model predicting maximum July water temperature (MJT) from measurements of perennial stream length, wetted width, and midrange basin elevation was developed from temperature data obtained at 20 sites across the watershed. The model was used to predict MJT in 75 reaches across the watershed where salmonids were sampled. The lowest predicted MJT in reaches where age-0 and juvenile-adult brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis were observed was 9??C. The lowest predicted MJT in reaches where age-0 progeny of the genus Oncorhynchus spp. (i.e., rainbow trout O. mykiss or cutthroat trout O. clarkii) were observed was 13??C and where Oncorhynchus spp. adults where observed was 12??C. The probability of occurrence of both age-0 and adult brook trout and Oncorhynchus spp. increased as MJT increased above these thresholds. Our results indicate that low MJT in some portions of a mountain watershed can be related to the absence of salmonids. Consequently, data on MJT may provide managers with a means of assessing where summer water temperatures are not suitable for establishment of naturalized salmonid populations. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M04-167.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Mullner, S., and Hubert, W., 2005, Low summer water temperatures influence occurrence of naturalized salmonids across a mountain watershed: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 25, no. 3, p. 1034-1040, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-167.1.","startPage":"1034","endPage":"1040","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210459,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M04-167.1"},{"id":237383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a0ee4b0c8380cd68ac7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullner, S.A.","contributorId":30429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullner","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029506,"text":"70029506 - 2005 - Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California: Animations built on earthquake stress transfer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029506","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California: Animations built on earthquake stress transfer","docAbstract":"We develop a forecast model to reproduce the distibution of main shocks, aftershocks and surrounding seismicity observed during 1986-200 in a 300 ?? 310 km area centered on the 1992 M = 7.3 Landers earthquake. To parse the catalog into frames with equal numbers of aftershocks, we animate seismicity in log time increments that lengthen after each main shock; this reveals aftershock zone migration, expansion, and densification. We implement a rate/state algorithm that incorporates the static stress transferred by each M ??? 6 shock and then evolves. Coulomb stress changes amplify the background seismicity, so small stress changes produce large changes in seismicity rate in areas of high background seismicity. Similarly, seismicity rate declines in the stress shadows are evident only in areas with previously high seismicity rates. Thus a key constituent of the model is the background seismicity rate, which we smooth from 1981 to 1986 seismicity. The mean correlation coefficient between observed and predicted M ??? 1.4 shocks (the minimum magnitude of completeness) is 0.52 for 1986-2003 and 0.63 for 1992-2003; a control standard aftershock model yields 0.54 and 0.52 for the same periods. Four M ??? 6.0 shocks struck during the test period; three are located at sites where the expected seismicity rate falls above the 92 percentile, and one is located above the 75 percentile. The model thus reproduces much, but certainly not all, of the observed spatial and temporal seismicity, from which we infer that the decaying effect of stress transferred by successive main shocks influences seismicity for decades. Finally, we offer a M ??? 5 earthquake forecast for 2005-2015, assigning probabilities to 324 10 ?? 10 km cells.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003415","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., Stein, R., Richards-Dinger, K., and Bozkurt, S., 2005, Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California: Animations built on earthquake stress transfer: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 5, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003415.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477944,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003415","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210820,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003415"}],"volume":"110","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a131ce4b0c8380cd54512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, S.","contributorId":102228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards-Dinger, K.","contributorId":37125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards-Dinger","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bozkurt, S.B.","contributorId":14188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bozkurt","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029504,"text":"70029504 - 2005 - LogCauchy, log-sech and lognormal distributions of species abundances in forest communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029504","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"LogCauchy, log-sech and lognormal distributions of species abundances in forest communities","docAbstract":"Species-abundance (SA) pattern is one of the most fundamental aspects of biological community structure, providing important information regarding species richness, species-area relation and succession. To better describe the SA distribution (SAD) in a community, based on the widely used lognormal (LN) distribution model with exp(-x2) roll-off on Preston's octave scale, this study proposed two additional models, logCauchy (LC) and log-sech (LS), respectively with roll-offs of simple x-2 and e-x. The estimation of the theoretical total number of species in the whole community, S*, including very rare species not yet collected in sample, was derived from the left-truncation of each distribution. We fitted these three models by Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear regression and measured the model fit to the data using coefficient of determination of regression, parameters' t-test and distribution's Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. Examining the SA data from six forest communities (five in lower subtropics and one in tropics), we found that: (1) on a log scale, all three models that are bell-shaped and left-truncated statistically adequately fitted the observed SADs, and the LC and LS did better than the LN; (2) from each model and for each community the S* values estimated by the integral and summation methods were almost equal, allowing us to estimate S* using a simple integral formula and to estimate its asymptotic confidence internals by regression of a transformed model containing it; (3) following the order of LC, LS, and LN, the fitted distributions became lower in the peak, less concave in the side, and shorter in the tail, and overall the LC tended to overestimate, the LN tended to underestimate, while the LS was intermediate but slightly tended to underestimate, the observed SADs (particularly the number of common species in the right tail); (4) the six communities had some similar structural properties such as following similar distribution models, having a common modal octave and a similar proportion of common species. We suggested that what follows the LN distribution should follow (or better follow) the LC and LS, and that the LC, LS and LN distributions represent a \"sequential distribution set\" in which one can find a best fit to the observed SAD. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.011","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Yin, Z., Peng, S., Ren, H., Guo, Q., and Chen, Z., 2005, LogCauchy, log-sech and lognormal distributions of species abundances in forest communities: Ecological Modelling, v. 184, no. 2-4, p. 329-340, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.011.","startPage":"329","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210793,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.011"},{"id":237819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"184","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4945e4b0c8380cd68498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Z.-Y.","contributorId":8278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Z.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peng, S.-L.","contributorId":85762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"S.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ren, H.","contributorId":45273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, Z.-H.","contributorId":57261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Z.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029501,"text":"70029501 - 2005 - Geophysics: The size and duration of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from far-field static offsets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029501","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysics: The size and duration of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from far-field static offsets","docAbstract":"The 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake produced static offsets at continuously operating GPS stations at distances of up to 4500 kilometers from the epicenter. We used these displacements to model the earthquake and include consideration of the Earth's shape and depth-varying rigidity. The results imply that the average slip was >5 meters along the full length of the rupture, including the ???650-kilometer-long Andaman segment. Comparison of the source derived from the far-field static offsets with seismically derived estimates suggests that 25 to 35% of the total moment release occurred at periods greater than 1 hour. Taking into consideration the strong dip dependence of moment estimates, the magnitude of the earthquake did not exceed Mw = 9.2.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1113746","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Banerjee, P., Pollitz, F., and Burgmann, R., 2005, Geophysics: The size and duration of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from far-field static offsets: Science, v. 308, no. 5729, p. 1769-1772, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1113746.","startPage":"1769","endPage":"1772","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210759,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1113746"}],"volume":"308","issue":"5729","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2896e4b0c8380cd5a232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banerjee, P.","contributorId":90525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banerjee","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029491,"text":"70029491 - 2005 - Ongoing hydrothermal heat loss from the 1912 ash-flow sheet, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-03T12:11:30","indexId":"70029491","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ongoing hydrothermal heat loss from the 1912 ash-flow sheet, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The June 1912 eruption of Novarupta filled nearby glacial valleys on the Alaska Peninsula with ash-flow tuff (ignimbrite), and post-eruption observations of thousands of steaming fumaroles led to the name ‘Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes’ (VTTS). By the late 1980s most fumarolic activity had ceased, but the discovery of thermal springs in mid-valley in 1987 suggested continued cooling of the ash-flow sheet. Data collected at the mid-valley springs between 1987 and 2001 show a statistically significant correlation between maximum observed chloride (Cl) concentration and temperature. These data also show a statistically significant decline in the maximum Cl concentration. The observed variation in stream chemistry across the sheet strongly implies that most solutes, including Cl, originate within the area of the VTTS occupied by the 1912 deposits. Numerous measurements of Cl flux in the Ukak River just below the ash-flow sheet suggest an ongoing heat loss of ∼250 MW. This represents one of the largest hydrothermal heat discharges in North America. Other hydrothermal discharges of comparable magnitude are related to heat obtained from silicic magma bodies at depth, and are quasi-steady on a multidecadal time scale. However, the VTTS hydrothermal flux is not obviously related to a magma body and is clearly declining. Available data provide reasonable boundary and initial conditions for simple transient modeling. Both an analytical, conduction-only model and a numerical model predict large rates of heat loss from the sheet 90 years after deposition.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.003","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Hogeweg, N., Keith, T.E., Colvard, E., and Ingebritsen, S.E., 2005, Ongoing hydrothermal heat loss from the 1912 ash-flow sheet, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 143, no. 4, p. 279-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210626,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.003"},{"id":237602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.49911499023438,\n              58.25389494584044\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.03494262695312,\n              58.25389494584044\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.03494262695312,\n              58.394515431160926\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.49911499023438,\n              58.394515431160926\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.49911499023438,\n              58.25389494584044\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"143","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e3fe4b0c8380cd7555e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogeweg, N.","contributorId":14187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogeweg","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colvard, E.M.","contributorId":83553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvard","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029472,"text":"70029472 - 2005 - Species-energy relationship in the deep sea: A test using the Quaternary fossil record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029472","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species-energy relationship in the deep sea: A test using the Quaternary fossil record","docAbstract":"Little is known about the processes regulating species richness in deep-sea communities. Here we take advantage of natural experiments involving climate change to test whether predictions of the species-energy hypothesis hold in the deep sea. In addition, we test for the relationship between temperature and species richness predicted by a recent model based on biochemical kinetics of metabolism. Using the deep-sea fossil record of benthic foraminifera and statistical meta-analyses of temperature-richness and productivity-richness relationships in 10 deep-sea cores, we show that temperature but not productivity is a significant predictor of species richness over the past c. 130 000 years. Our results not only show that the temperature-richness relationship in the deep-sea is remarkably similar to that found in terrestrial and shallow marine habitats, but also that species richness tracks temperature change over geological time, at least on scales of c. 100 000 years. Thus, predicting biotic response to global climate change in the deep sea would require better understanding of how temperature regulates the occurrences and geographical ranges of species. ??2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00778.x","issn":"1461023X","usgsCitation":"Hunt, G., Cronin, T.M., and Roy, K., 2005, Species-energy relationship in the deep sea: A test using the Quaternary fossil record: Ecology Letters, v. 8, no. 7, p. 739-747, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00778.x.","startPage":"739","endPage":"747","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210844,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00778.x"},{"id":237888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9518e4b08c986b31ad31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, G.","contributorId":97699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, K.","contributorId":30430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029470,"text":"70029470 - 2005 - Mapping and prediction of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis with bioavailable iron content in the bituminous coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029470","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping and prediction of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis with bioavailable iron content in the bituminous coals","docAbstract":"Based on the first National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (CWP) and the U.S. Geological Survey database of coal quality, we show that the prevalence of CWP in seven coal mine regions correlates with levels of bioavailable iron (BAI) in the coals from that particular region (correlation coefficient r = 0.94, p < 0.0015). CWP prevalence is also correlated with contents of pyritic sulfur (r = 0.91, p < 0.0048) or total iron (r = 0.85, p < 0.016) but not with coal rank (r = 0.59, p < 0.16) or silica (r = 0.28, p < 0.54). BAI was calculated using our model, taking into account chemical interactions of pyrite, sulfuric acid, calcite, and total iron. That is, iron present in coals can become bioavailable by pyrite oxidation, which produces ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid. Calcite is the major component in coals that neutralizes the available acid and inhibits iron's bioavailabiity. Therefore, levels of BAI in the coals are determined by the available amounts of acid after neutralization of calcite and the amount of total iron in the coals. Using the linear fit of CWP prevalence and the calculated BAI in the seven coal mine regions, we have derived and mapped the pneumoconiotic potencies of 7,000 coal samples. Our studies indicate that levels of BAI in the coals may be used to predict coal's toxicity, even before large-scalen mining.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Health Perspectives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1289/ehp.7679","issn":"00916765","usgsCitation":"Huang, X., Li, W., Attfield, M., Nadas, A., Frenkel, K., and Finkelman, R.B., 2005, Mapping and prediction of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis with bioavailable iron content in the bituminous coals: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 113, no. 8, p. 964-968, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7679.","startPage":"964","endPage":"968","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477906,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7679","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210842,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7679"},{"id":237886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5050e4b0c8380cd6b5db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, X.","contributorId":43161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, W.","contributorId":85361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Attfield, M.D.","contributorId":91681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attfield","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nadas, A.","contributorId":24161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadas","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frenkel, K.","contributorId":9451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenkel","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029427,"text":"70029427 - 2005 - Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the distribution of trout and salmon along a longitudinal stream gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029427","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the distribution of trout and salmon along a longitudinal stream gradient","docAbstract":"We examined the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the distribution, abundance, and condition of salmonid fishes along a stream gradient. We observed a longitudinal change in fish distribution with native cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki utah, and introduced brown trout, Salmo trutta, demonstrating a distinct pattern of allopatry. Cutthroat trout dominated high elevation reaches, while reaches at lower elevations were dominated by brown trout. A transition zone between these populations was associated with lower total trout abundance, consistent changes in temperature and discharge, and differences in dietary preference. Variation in cutthroat trout abundance was best explained by a model including the abundance of brown trout and diel temperature, whereas variation in brown trout abundance was best explained by a model including the abundance of cutthroat trout and discharge. These results suggest the potential for condition-mediated competition between the two species. The results from our study can aid biologists in prioritizing conservation activities and in developing robust management strategies for cutthroat trout. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-004-2591-4","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"De La, H.F., and Budy, P., 2005, Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the distribution of trout and salmon along a longitudinal stream gradient: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 72, no. 4, p. 379-391, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-004-2591-4.","startPage":"379","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-004-2591-4"},{"id":237744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0699e4b0c8380cd51314","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De La, Hoz Franco Franco, E. A.","contributorId":89337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La","given":"Hoz","suffix":"Franco, E. A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budy, P.","contributorId":68091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029419,"text":"70029419 - 2005 - New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at Long Valley Caldera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:16:30","indexId":"70029419","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at Long Valley Caldera","docAbstract":"<p>Regional-scale triggering of local earthquakes in the crust by seismic waves from distant main shocks has now been robustly documented for over a decade. Some of the most thoroughly recorded examples of repeated triggering of a single site from multiple, large earthquakes are measured in geothermal fields of the western United States like Long Valley Caldera. As one of the few natural cases where the causality of an earthquake sequence is apparent, triggering provides fundamental constraints on the failure processes in earthquakes. We show here that the observed triggering by seismic waves is inconsistent with any mechanism that depends on cumulative shaking as measured by integrated energy density. We also present evidence for a frequency-dependent triggering threshold. On the basis of the seismic records of 12 regional and teleseismic events recorded at Long Valley Caldera, long-period waves (&gt;30 s) are more effective at generating local seismicity than short-period waves of comparable amplitude. If the properties of the system are stationary over time, the failure threshold for long-period waves is ~0.05 cm/s vertical shaking. Assuming a phase velocity of 3.5 km/s and an elastic modulus of 3.5 x&nbsp;10<sup>10</sup>Pa, the threshold in terms of stress is 5 kPa. The frequency dependence is due in part to the attenuation of the surface waves with depth. Fluid flow through a porous medium can produce the rest of the observed frequency dependence of the threshold. If the threshold is not stationary with time, pore pressures that are &gt;99.5% of lithostatic and vary over time by a factor of 4 could explain the observations with no frequency dependence of the triggering threshold.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003211","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Brodsky, E.E., and Prejean, S., 2005, New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at Long Valley Caldera: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 4, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003211.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477904,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210674,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003211"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.90674591064452,\n              37.69482353536507\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.83893966674803,\n              37.69482353536507\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.83893966674803,\n              37.72551521301948\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.90674591064452,\n              37.72551521301948\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.90674591064452,\n              37.69482353536507\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6564e4b0c8380cd72ba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brodsky, E. E.","contributorId":108285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodsky","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prejean, S. G. 0000-0003-0510-1989","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-1989","contributorId":18935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"S. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029417,"text":"70029417 - 2005 - Morphology and aging precision of statoliths from larvae of Columbia river basin lampreys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T15:03:37","indexId":"70029417","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology and aging precision of statoliths from larvae of Columbia river basin lampreys","docAbstract":"<p>The general morphology and precision associated with age determination of statoliths from larval Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata and western brook lampreys L. richardsoni found within the Columbia River basin were examined. Significant positive correlations were observed between the size of left and right statoliths from individuals. Principal components analysis indicated an allometric relationship between lamprey length and statolith size as well as a potential species grouping based on these measurements. Discriminant analysis was able to correctly classify more than 94% of Pacific lampreys and 92% of western brook lampreys based on lamprey length and statolith size, and Pacific lamprey statoliths tended to be larger than western brook lamprey statoliths for lampreys of a given size. Reader bias in age estimates of statoliths was greater for older lampreys. Multiple independent age readings of both statoliths from individual lampreys indicated that the overall average percent error was 16.7% for Pacific lampreys and 33.0% for western brook lampreys. Within-individual average percent error ranged from 5.1% to 20.1% among species and readers. Within-reader average percent error ranged from 6.4% to 17.8% among species and readers. The average percent error observed in this study was greater than that observed in studies of other species of lampreys; however, statoliths that were ambiguous or difficult to read were not excluded from this study. In general, the modal separation of age-groups observed in length-frequency distributions for lampreys is poor, as seen in this study; therefore, statolith-based ages may verify or provide better estimates of population age structure. These data demonstrate that estimates of precision are necessary before management actions founded on statolith-based age structure determination are implemented. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2005.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M03-184.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Meeuwig, M., and Bayer, J., 2005, Morphology and aging precision of statoliths from larvae of Columbia river basin lampreys: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 25, no. 1, p. 38-48, https://doi.org/10.1577/M03-184.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498946,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/m03-184.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.29298400878908,\n              44.91911174115028\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.23118591308595,\n              44.90014616206356\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.10964965820312,\n              44.88944486948625\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.98880004882812,\n              44.83055216443822\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.97644042968749,\n              44.810583121135906\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00527954101562,\n              44.802788447596505\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.30259704589842,\n              44.90987288179971\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.29298400878908,\n              44.91911174115028\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.29803466796875,\n              45.894787266838584\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.30970764160155,\n              45.88809640024204\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.16001892089844,\n              45.81827218518002\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.13941955566408,\n              45.84984741373358\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.2904815673828,\n              45.89717666670996\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.29803466796875,\n              45.894787266838584\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e49e4b0c8380cd70920","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meeuwig, M.H.","contributorId":24741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeuwig","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029408,"text":"70029408 - 2005 - \"Sour gas\" hydrothermal jarosite: Ancient to modern acid-sulfate mineralization in the southern Rio Grande Rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029408","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"\"Sour gas\" hydrothermal jarosite: Ancient to modern acid-sulfate mineralization in the southern Rio Grande Rift","docAbstract":"As many as 29 mining districts along the Rio Grande Rift in southern New Mexico contain Rio Grande Rift-type (RGR) deposits consisting of fluorite-barite??sulfide-jarosite, and additional RGR deposits occur to the south in the Basin and Range province near Chihuahua, Mexico. Jarosite occurs in many of these deposits as a late-stage hydrothermal mineral coprecipitated with fluorite, or in veinlets that crosscut barite. In these deposits, many of which are limestone-hosted, jarosite is followed by natrojarosite and is nested within silicified or argillized wallrock and a sequence of fluorite-barite??sulfide and late hematite-gypsum. These deposits range in age from ???10 to 0.4 Ma on the basis of 40Ar/39Ar dating of jarosite. There is a crude north-south distribution of ages, with older deposits concentrated toward the south. Recent deposits also occur in the south, but are confined to the central axis of the rift and are associated with modern geothermal systems. The duration of hydrothermal jarosite mineralization in one of the deposits was approximately 1.0 my. Most ??18OSO4-OH values indicate that jarosite precipitated between 80 and 240 ??C, which is consistent with the range of filling temperatures of fluid inclusions in late fluorite throughout the rift, and in jarosite (180 ??C) from Pen??a Blanca, Chihuahua, Mexico. These temperatures, along with mineral occurrence, require that the jarosite have had a hydrothermal origin in a shallow steam-heated environment wherein the low pH necessary for the precipitation of jarosite was achieved by the oxidation of H2S derived from deeper hydrothermal fluids. The jarosite also has high trace-element contents (notably As and F), and the jarosite parental fluids have calculated isotopic signatures similar to those of modern geothermal waters along the southern rift; isotopic values range from those typical of meteoric water to those of deep brine that has been shown to form from the dissolution of Permian evaporite by deeply circulating meteoric water. Jarosite ??34S values range from -24??? to 5???, overlapping the values for barite and gypsum at the high end of the range and for sulfides at the low end. Most ??34S values for barite are 10.6??? to 13.1???, and many ??34S values for gypsum range from 13.1??? to 13.9??? indicating that a component of aqueous sulfate was derived from Permian evaporites (??34 S=12??2???). The requisite H2SO4 for jarosite formation was derived from oxidation of H2S which was likely largely sour gas derived from the thermochemical reduction of Permian sulfate. The low ??34S values for the precursor H2S probably resulted from exchange deeper in the basin with the more abundant Permian SO42- at ???150 to 200 ??C. Jarosite formed at shallow levels after the pH buffering capacity of the host rock (typically limestone) was neutralized by precipitation of earlier minerals. Some limestone-hosted deposits contain caves that may have been caused by the low pH of the deep basin fluids due to the addition of deep-seated HF and other magmatic gases during periods of renewed rifting. Caves in other deposits may be due to sulfuric acid speleogenesis as a result of H2S incursion into oxygenated groundwaters. The isotopic data in these \"sour gas\" jarosite occurrences encode a record of episodic tectonic or hydrologic processes that have operated in the rift over the last 10 my. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.042","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Lueth, V., Rye, R.O., and Peters, L., 2005, \"Sour gas\" hydrothermal jarosite: Ancient to modern acid-sulfate mineralization in the southern Rio Grande Rift: Chemical Geology, v. 215, no. 1-4 SPEC. ISS., p. 339-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.042.","startPage":"339","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210536,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.042"},{"id":237484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"215","issue":"1-4 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e214e4b0c8380cd4594a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lueth, V.W.","contributorId":58831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lueth","given":"V.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, L.","contributorId":49971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029401,"text":"70029401 - 2005 - Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part I. Acute toxicity of five chemicals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T14:27:49","indexId":"70029401","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part I. Acute toxicity of five chemicals","docAbstract":"<p>Assessment of contaminant impacts to federally identified endangered, threatened and candidate, and state-identified endangered species (collectively referred to as \"listed\" species) requires understanding of a species' sensitivities to particular chemicals. The most direct approach would be to determine the sensitivity of a listed species to a particular contaminant or perturbation. An indirect approach for aquatic species would be application of toxicity data obtained from standard test procedures and species commonly used in laboratory toxicity tests. Common test species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas; sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus; and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) and 17 listed or closely related species were tested in acute 96-hour water exposures with five chemicals (carbaryl, copper, 4-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol, and permethrin) representing a broad range of toxic modes of action. No single species was the most sensitive to all chemicals. For the three standard test species evaluated, the rainbow trout was more sensitive than either the fathead minnow or sheepshead minnow and was equal to or more sensitive than listed and related species 81% of the time. To estimate an LC50 for a listed species, a factor of 0.63 can be applied to the geometric mean LC50 of rainbow trout toxicity data, and more conservative factors can be determined using variance estimates (0.46 based on 1 SD of the mean and 0.33 based on 2 SD of the mean). Additionally, a low- or no-acute effect concentration can be estimated by multiplying the respective LC50 by a factor of approximately 0.56, which supports the United States Environmental Protection Agency approach of multiplying the final acute value by 0.5 (division by 2). When captive or locally abundant populations of listed fish are available, consideration should be given to direct testing. When direct toxicity testing cannot be performed, approaches for developing protective measures using common test species toxicity data are available. ?? 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-003-3038-1","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, F., Mayer, F., Sappington, L., Buckler, D., Bridges, C., Greer, I., Hardesty, D., Henke, C., Ingersoll, C., Kunz, J., Whites, D., Augspurger, T., Mount, D., Hattala, K., and Neuderfer, G., 2005, Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part I. Acute toxicity of five chemicals: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 48, no. 2, p. 143-154, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-3038-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210868,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-3038-1"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edcfe4b0c8380cd49a05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, F.L.","contributorId":79418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"F.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sappington, L.C.","contributorId":76907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sappington","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buckler, D.R.","contributorId":54699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckler","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bridges, C.M.","contributorId":104652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greer, I.E.","contributorId":70182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"I.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hardesty, D.K.","contributorId":43935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Henke, C.E.","contributorId":102264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henke","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kunz, J.L.","contributorId":7872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Whites, D.W.","contributorId":52367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whites","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Augspurger, T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mount, D.R.","contributorId":13774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mount","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hattala, K.","contributorId":20619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattala","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Neuderfer, G.N.","contributorId":49250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuderfer","given":"G.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70029381,"text":"70029381 - 2005 - Wave spectral energy variability in the northeast Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T07:29:05","indexId":"70029381","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave spectral energy variability in the northeast Pacific","docAbstract":"<p><span>The dominant characteristics of wave energy variability in the eastern North Pacific are described from NOAA National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy data collected from 1981 to 2003. Ten buoys at distributed locations were selected for comparison based on record duration and data continuity. Long‐period (LP) [</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;&gt; 12] s, intermediate‐period [6 ≤&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;≤ 12] s, and short‐period [</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 6] s wave spectral energy components are considered separately. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses of monthly wave energy anomalies reveal that all three wave energy components exhibit similar patterns of spatial variability. The dominant mode represents coherent heightened (or diminished) wave energy along the West Coast from Alaska to southern California, as indicated by composites of the 700 hPa height field. The second EOF mode reveals a distinct El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐associated spatial distribution of wave energy, which occurs when the North Pacific storm track is extended unusually far south or has receded to the north. Monthly means and principal components (PCs) of wave energy levels indicate that the 1997–1998 El Niño winter had the highest basin‐wide wave energy within this record, substantially higher than the 1982–1983 El Niño. An increasing trend in the dominant PC of LP wave energy suggests that storminess has increased in the northeast Pacific since 1980. This trend is emphasized at central eastern North Pacific locations. Patterns of storminess variability are consistent with increasing activity in the central North Pacific as well as the tendency for more extreme waves in the south during El Niño episodes and in the north during La Niña.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004JC002398","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bromirski, P., Cayan, D., and Flick, R., 2005, Wave spectral energy variability in the northeast Pacific: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 110, no. 3, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002398.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477843,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jc002398","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002398"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf97e4b08c986b32e9b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromirski, P.D.","contributorId":82521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromirski","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flick, R.E.","contributorId":17820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flick","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029373,"text":"70029373 - 2005 - Basal tissue structure in the earliest euconodonts: Testing hypotheses of developmental plasticity in euconodont phylogeny","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029373","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2998,"text":"Palaeontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basal tissue structure in the earliest euconodonts: Testing hypotheses of developmental plasticity in euconodont phylogeny","docAbstract":"The hypothesis that conodonts are vertebrates rests solely on evidence of soft tissue anatomy. This has been corroborated by microstructural, topological and developmental evidence of homology between conodont and vertebrate hard tissues. However, these conclusions have been reached on the basis of evidence from highly derived euconodont taxa and the degree to which they are representative of plesiomorphic euconodonts remains an open question. Furthermore, the range of variation in tissue types comprising the euconodont basal body has been used to establish a hypothesis of developmental plasticity early in the phylogeny of the clade, and a model of diminishing potentiality in the evolution of development systems. The microstructural fabrics of the basal tissues of the earliest euconodonts (presumed to be the most plesiomorphic) are examined to test these two hypotheses. It is found that the range of microstructural variation observed hitherto was already apparent among plesiomorphic euconodonts. Thus, established histological data are representative of the most plesiomorphic euconodonts. However, although there is evidence of a range in microstructural fabrics, these are compatible with the dentine tissue system alone, and the degree of variation is compatible with that seen in clades of comparable diversity. ?? The Palaeontological Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x","issn":"00310239","usgsCitation":"Dong, X., Donoghue, P., and Repetski, J., 2005, Basal tissue structure in the earliest euconodonts: Testing hypotheses of developmental plasticity in euconodont phylogeny: Palaeontology, v. 48, no. 2, p. 411-421, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x.","startPage":"411","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488088,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efc1e4b0c8380cd4a42c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dong, X.-P.","contributorId":94846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"X.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donoghue, P.C.J.","contributorId":56018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donoghue","given":"P.C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repetski, J.E.","contributorId":38579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70194225,"text":"70194225 - 2005 - The relationship between habitat characteristics and demographic performance of northern spotted owls in southern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T13:17:40","indexId":"70194225","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between habitat characteristics and demographic performance of northern spotted owls in southern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>We used data from Northern Spotted Owl (<i>Strix occidentalis caurina</i>) territories to model the effects of habitat (particularly intermediate-aged forest stand types), climate, and nonhabitat covariates (i.e., age, sex) on owl reproductive rate and apparent survival in southwestern Oregon. Our best model for reproductive rate included an interaction between a cyclic, annual time trend and male breeding experience, with higher reproductive rates in even years compared to odd, particularly for males with previous breeding experience. Reproductive rate was also negatively related to the amount of winter precipitation and positively related to the proportion of old-growth forest near the owl territory center. Apparent survival was not associated with age, sex, climate or any of the intermediate-aged forest types, but was positively associated with the proportion of older forest near the territory center in a pseudothreshold pattern. The quadratic structure of the proportion of nonhabitat farther from the nest or primary roost site was also part of our best survival model. Survival decreased dramatically when the amount of nonhabitat exceeded ∼50%. Habitat fitness potential estimates (λ̂<sub><i>h</i></sub>) for 97 owl territories ranged from 0.29–1.09, with a mean of 0.86 ± 0.02. Owl territories with habitat fitness potentials &lt;1.0 were generally characterized by &lt;40%–50% old forest habitat near the territory center. Our results indicate that both apparent survival and reproductive rate are positively associated with older forest types close to the nest or primary roost site. We found no support for either a positive or negative direct effect of intermediate-aged forests on either survival or reproductive rate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/7824.1","usgsCitation":"Dugger, K.M., Wagner, F., Anthony, R., and Olson, G.S., 2005, The relationship between habitat characteristics and demographic performance of northern spotted owls in southern Oregon: The Condor, v. 107, no. 4, p. 863-878, https://doi.org/10.1650/7824.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"863","endPage":"878","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/7824.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"107","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a611696e4b06e28e9c258e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":36037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Frank","contributorId":68663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, Robert G.","contributorId":61324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, Gail S.","contributorId":19884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}