{"pageNumber":"1047","pageRowStart":"26150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":73053,"text":"ds148 - 2005 - Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2005: quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T18:49:33","indexId":"ds148","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"148","title":"Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2005: quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","docAbstract":"<h1>Significant Findings</h1>\n<p>When water is released through the spillways of dams, air is entrained in the water, increasing the downstream concentration of dissolved gases. Excess dissolved-gas concentrations can have adverse effects on freshwater aquatic life. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, collected dissolved-gas and water-temperature data at eight sites on the lower Columbia River in 2005. Significant findings from the data include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Variances to the Oregon and Washington water-quality standards for total dissolved gas were exceeded at five of the monitoring sites: Camas (11 days), John Day tailwater (3 days), The Dalles forebay (3 days), Bonneville forebay (3 days), and John Day navigation lock (1 day).</li>\n<li>From mid-July to early September, water temperatures were above 20&deg;C (degrees Celsius) at each of the eight lower Columbia River sites. According to the Oregon temperature standard, the 7-day average maximum temperature of the lower Columbia River should not exceed 20&deg;C; Washington regulations state that the 1-day maximum should not exceed 20&deg;C due to human activities.</li>\n<li>Most field checks of total-dissolved-gas sensors with a secondary standard were within &plusmn; (plus or minus) 1% saturation. Most of the field checks of barometric pressure were within &plusmn;1 millimeter of mercury of a secondary standard, and water temperature field checks were all within &plusmn;0.2&deg;C.</li>\n<li>For the eight monitoring sites in water year 2005, an average of 98.2% of the total-dissolved-gas data were received in real time by the USGS satellite downlink and were within 1% saturation of the expected value, based on calibration data, replicate quality-control measurements in the river, and comparison to ambient river conditions at adjacent sites.&nbsp;</li>\n</ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds148","usgsCitation":"Tanner, D.Q., Bragg, H., and Johnston, M.W., 2005, Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2005: quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 148, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds148.","productDescription":"31 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7296,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":310703,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/148/pdf/ds148.pdf","text":"Report","size":"554.35 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              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Q.","contributorId":93452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bragg, Heather M. hmbragg@usgs.gov","contributorId":428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"Heather M.","email":"hmbragg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, Matthew W. mattj@usgs.gov","contributorId":3066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Matthew","email":"mattj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":73063,"text":"sir20055098 - 2005 - Effects of the 1998 Drought on the Freshwater Lens in the Laura Area, Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20055098","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5098","title":"Effects of the 1998 Drought on the Freshwater Lens in the Laura Area, Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands","docAbstract":"Lower than average rainfall during late 1997 and early 1998 in Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, caused a drought and severe drinking-water shortage. Majuro depends on a public rainfall catchment system, which uses an airport runway and storage reservoirs. The storage reservoirs can supply water for about 30 to 50 days without replenishment. In February 1998, after a few months with less than one inch of rainfall per month, a drought-related disaster was declared. Reverse-osmosis water-purification systems were brought to Majuro to help alleviate the water shortage. Concurrent with the water-purification program, ground water from a freshwater lens in the Laura area of the atoll was pumped at increased rates. Of the total consumed water during this period, ground water from Laura supplied between 90 percent (March 1998) and 64 percent (May 1998) of the drinking water. Due to public concern, a study was initiated to determine the effects of the drought on the freshwater lens.\r\n\r\nThe areal extent of the freshwater lens is about 350 acres. A monitoring-well network, consisting of multiple wells driven to varying depths at 11 sites, was installed to determine the thickness of the freshwater lens. Similar locations relative to an earlier study were chosen so that the data from this study could be compared to 1984-85 data. At the end of the drought in June 1998, the freshwater near the middle of the lens was about 45 feet thick; and at the north and south ends, the freshwater was about 25 to 38 feet thick, respectively.\r\n\r\nMonitoring of the freshwater lens was continued through the wet season following the drought. The lens increased in thickness by 1 to 8 feet after 7 months of rainfall. Greater increases in lens thickness were measured on the lagoon side than on the ocean side of the freshwater lens.\r\n\r\nLens thickness during August 1998, and seasonal variation of lens thickness in 1998, were compared to data collected in 1984-85. Comparison of lens thickness from the different years yielded an inconsistent result; the lens was not uniformly thicker in 1984-85 despite more rainfall and little or no pumpage during this time. Seasonal variation in 1998-99 was greater than seasonal variation in 1984-85 due to differences in seasonal rainfall and pumpage.\r\n\r\nThe change in lens thickness suggested by the comparison between 1998-99 and 1984-85 data was complicated by effects due to different well locations, different wells, and assumed small-scale variability in the thickness of fine and coarse calcareous sediments. This result suggests that a monitoring program that uses the same wells through time is needed to adequately describe long-term variability in lens thickness.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20055098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Majuro Water and Sewer Company, Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands","usgsCitation":"Presley, T.K., 2005, Effects of the 1998 Drought on the Freshwater Lens in the Laura Area, Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5098, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055098.","productDescription":"50 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7297,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db61058e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presley, Todd K. 0000-0001-5851-0634 tkpresle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5851-0634","contributorId":2671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presley","given":"Todd","email":"tkpresle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":73083,"text":"sir20055065 - 2005 - Ground-water conditions and studies in Georgia, 2002-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T17:23:00","indexId":"sir20055065","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5065","title":"Ground-water conditions and studies in Georgia, 2002-03","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055065","usgsCitation":"Leeth, D.C., Clarke, J.S., Wipperfurth, C.J., and Craigg, S.D., 2005, Ground-water conditions and studies in Georgia, 2002-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5065, 130 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055065.","productDescription":"130 p.","numberOfPages":"130","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7299,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5065/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Camden County","city":"Albany, Savannah, and Brunswick","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.40771484375,\n              30.401306519203583\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40771484375,\n              32.63012300670739\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.067626953125,\n              32.63012300670739\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.067626953125,\n              30.401306519203583\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40771484375,\n              30.401306519203583\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d2db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leeth, David C. cleeth@usgs.gov","contributorId":1403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeth","given":"David","email":"cleeth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clarke, John S. jsclarke@usgs.gov","contributorId":400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"John","email":"jsclarke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wipperfurth, Caryl J. cjwipper@usgs.gov","contributorId":1866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipperfurth","given":"Caryl","email":"cjwipper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Craigg, Steven D.","contributorId":65852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craigg","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":73003,"text":"sir20055200 - 2005 - Potential Evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"sir20055200","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5200","title":"Potential Evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa","docAbstract":"Data from nine widely distributed climate stations were used to assess the distribution of potential evapotranspiration on the tropical South Pacific island of Tutuila, American Samoa. Seasonal patterns of climate data in this study differed in detail from available long-term data because the monitoring period of each station in this study was only 1 to 5 years, but overall climate conditions during the monitoring period (1999-2004) are representative of normal conditions.\r\n\r\nPotential evapotranspiration shows a diurnal pattern. On average, potential evapotranspiration in the daytime, when net radiation is the dominant controlling factor, constitutes 90 percent or more of the total daily potential evapotranspiration at each station. Positive heat advection from the ocean contributes to potential evapotranspiration at at least one station, and possibly other stations, in this study.\r\n\r\nSeasonal variation of potential evapotranspiration is linked to seasonal daylight duration. Spatial variation of potential evapotranspiration, however, is linked primarily to orographic cloud cover. Potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila is lowest in the interior of the island, where rainfall is higher, cloud cover is more frequent, and net radiation is lower than along the coasts. Potential evapotranspiration is highest along the southern and eastern coasts of the island, where rainfall is lower and cloud cover less frequent. The gradient from areas of high to low potential evapotranspiration is steepest in November and December, when island-wide potential evapotranspiration is highest, and less steep in June and July, when island-wide potential evapotranspiration is lowest.\r\n\r\nComparison of potential evapotranspiration to rainfall indicates that evapotranspiration processes on Tutuila have the potential to remove from 23 to 61 percent of the water brought by rainfall. In lower-rainfall coastal locations, potential evapotranspiration can be 50 percent or more of rainfall, whereas in higher-rainfall interior locations potential evapotranspiration is less than 30 percent of rainfall.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20055200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., Giambelluca, T.W., and Nullet, M.A., 2005, Potential Evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5200, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055200.","productDescription":"48 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7262,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e481fe4b07f02db4e0b4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scott K.","contributorId":102584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giambelluca, Thomas W.","contributorId":70069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giambelluca","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nullet, Michael A.","contributorId":83212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nullet","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":72953,"text":"ofr20051356 - 2005 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2003 through September 2004) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Upper Clark Fork basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T20:00:30","indexId":"ofr20051356","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1356","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2003 through September 2004) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Upper Clark Fork basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to below Missoula as part of a program, conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to characterize aquatic resources in the upper Clark Fork basin of western Montana. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork, five major tributaries, and three smaller tributaries. Water-quality samples were collected periodically at 17 sites during October 2003 through September 2004 (water year 2004). Bed-sediment and biological samples were collected one time in August 2004. The primary constituents analyzed were trace elements associated with tailings from historical mining and smelting activities. This report summarizes the results of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected in water year 2004 and provides statistical summaries of data collected since 1985.\r\n\r\nWater-quality data for samples collected periodically from streams include concentrations of selected major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment. Daily values of suspended-sediment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for three sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained and bulk fractions. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Quality-assurance data are reported for analytical results of water, bed sediment, and biota. Statistical summaries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data are provided for the period of record since 1985 for each site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051356","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2005, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2003 through September 2004) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Upper Clark Fork basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1356, v, 124 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051356.","productDescription":"v, 124 p.","numberOfPages":"129","temporalStart":"2003-10-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8318,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2005-1356/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Clark Fork basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.41666666666667,46.25 ], [ -114.41666666666667,47 ], [ -112,47 ], [ -112,46.25 ], [ -114.41666666666667,46.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e51ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":72983,"text":"sir20055213 - 2005 - Effects of Surface-Water Diversions on Habitat Availability for Native Macrofauna, Northeast Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20055213","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5213","title":"Effects of Surface-Water Diversions on Habitat Availability for Native Macrofauna, Northeast Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Effects of surface-water diversions on habitat availability for native stream fauna (fish, shrimp, and snails) are described for 21 streams in northeast Maui, Hawaii. Five streams (Waikamoi, Honomanu, Wailuanui, Kopiliula, and Hanawi Streams) were chosen as representative streams for intensive study. On each of the five streams, three representative reaches were selected: (1) immediately upstream of major surface-water diversions, (2) midway to the coast, and (3) near the coast. This study focused on five amphidromous native aquatic species (alamoo, nopili, nakea, opae, and hihiwai) that are abundant in the study area.\r\n\r\nThe Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM) System, which incorporates hydrology, stream morphology and microhabitat preferences to explore relations between streamflow and habitat availability, was used to simulate habitat/discharge relations for various species and life stages, and to provide quantitative habitat comparisons at different streamflows of interest. Hydrologic data, collected over a range of low-flow discharges, were used to calibrate hydraulic models of selected transects across the streams. The models were then used to predict water depth and velocity (expressed as a Froude number) over a range of discharges up to estimates of natural median streamflow. The biological importance of the stream hydraulic attributes was then assessed with the statistically derived suitability criteria for each native species and life stage that were developed as part of this study to produce a relation between discharge and habitat availability. The final output was expressed as a weighted habitat area of streambed for a representative stream reach.\r\n\r\nPHABSIM model results are presented to show the area of estimated usable bed habitat over a range of streamflows relative to natural conditions. In general, the models show a continuous decrease in habitat for all modeled species as streamflow is decreased from natural conditions.\r\n\r\nThe PHABSIM modeling results from the intensively studied streams were normalized to develop relations between the relative amount of diversion from a stream and the resulting relative change in habitat in the stream. These relations can be used to estimate changes in habitat for diverted streams in the study area that were not intensively studied. The relations indicate that the addition of even a small amount of water to a dry stream has a significant effect on the amount of habitat available. Equations relating stream base-flow changes to habitat changes can be used to provide an estimate of the relative habitat change in the study area streams for which estimates of diverted and natural median base flow have been determined but for which detailed habitat models were not developed.\r\n\r\nStream water temperatures, which could have an effect on stream ecology and taro cultivation, were measured in five streams in the study area. In general, the stream temperatures measured at any of the monitoring sites were not elevated enough, based on currently available information, to adversely effect the growth or mortality of native aquatic macrofauna or to cause wetland taro to be susceptible to fungi and associated rotting diseases.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20055213","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Commission on Water Resource Management","usgsCitation":"Gingerich, S.B., and Wolff, R.H., 2005, Effects of Surface-Water Diversions on Habitat Availability for Native Macrofauna, Northeast Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5213, Report: vi, 94 p.; Plate: 17 x 20 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055213.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 94 p.; Plate: 17 x 20 inches","numberOfPages":"103","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7355,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.20083333333332,20.784166666666668 ], [ -156.20083333333332,20.95 ], [ -156.08333333333334,20.95 ], [ -156.08333333333334,20.784166666666668 ], [ -156.20083333333332,20.784166666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gingerich, Stephen B. 0000-0002-4381-0746 sbginger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0746","contributorId":1426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"Stephen","email":"sbginger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolff, Reuben H.","contributorId":35020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"Reuben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":72850,"text":"fs20053097 - 2005 - Ground-water resources program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"fs20053097","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3097","title":"Ground-water resources program","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053097","usgsCitation":"Dennehy, K.F., 2005, Ground-water resources program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3097, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053097.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3097.bmp"},{"id":7351,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -130,20 ], [ -130,50 ], [ -60,50 ], [ -60,20 ], [ -130,20 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a442","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennehy, Kevin F. kdennehy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennehy","given":"Kevin","email":"kdennehy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72849,"text":"ofr20051307 - 2005 - Contribution of atmospheric deposition to pesticide loads in surface water runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:02","indexId":"ofr20051307","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1307","title":"Contribution of atmospheric deposition to pesticide loads in surface water runoff","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051307","usgsCitation":"Majewski, M.S., Zamora, C., Foreman, W., and Kratzer, C.R., 2005, Contribution of atmospheric deposition to pesticide loads in surface water runoff (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1307, 1 sheet, 72.5 in. x 42 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051307.","productDescription":"1 sheet, 72.5 in. x 42 in.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7364,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69944b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Majewski, Michael S. majewski@usgs.gov","contributorId":440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"Michael","email":"majewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zamora, Celia 0000-0003-1456-4360 czamora@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-4360","contributorId":1514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"Celia","email":"czamora@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":72846,"text":"sir20055252 - 2005 - Simulation of streamflow and estimation of recharge to the Edwards aquifer in the Hondo Creek, Verde Creek, and San Geronimo Creek watersheds, south-central Texas, 1951-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T18:14:32","indexId":"sir20055252","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5252","title":"Simulation of streamflow and estimation of recharge to the Edwards aquifer in the Hondo Creek, Verde Creek, and San Geronimo Creek watersheds, south-central Texas, 1951-2003","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, constructed three watershed models using the Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN (HSPF) to simulate streamflow and estimate recharge to the Edwards aquifer in the Hondo Creek, Verde Creek, and San Geronimo Creek watersheds in south-central Texas. The three models were calibrated and tested with available data collected during 1992–2003. Simulations of streamflow and recharge were done for 1951–2003. The approach to construct the models was to first calibrate the Hondo Creek model (with an hourly time step) using 1992–99 data and test the model using 2000–2003 data. The Hondo Creek model parameters then were applied to the Verde Creek and San Geronimo Creek watersheds to construct the Verde Creek and San Geronimo Creek models. The simulated streamflows for Hondo Creek are considered acceptable. Annual, monthly, and daily simulated streamflows adequately match measured values, but simulated hourly streamflows do not. The accuracy of streamflow simulations for Verde Creek is uncertain. For San Geronimo Creek, the match of measured and simulated annual and monthly streamflows is acceptable (or nearly so); but for daily and hourly streamflows, the calibration is relatively poor. Simulated average annual total streamflow for 1951–2003 to Hondo Creek, Verde Creek, and San Geronimo Creek is 45,400; 32,400; and 11,100 acre-feet, respectively. Simulated average annual streamflow at the respective watershed outlets is 13,000; 16,200; and 6,920 acre-feet. The difference between total streamflow and streamflow at the watershed outlet is streamflow lost to channel infiltration. Estimated average annual Edwards aquifer recharge for Hondo Creek, Verde Creek, and San Geronimo Creek watersheds for 1951–2003 is 37,900 acrefeet (5.04 inches), 26,000 acre-feet (3.36 inches), and 5,940 acre-feet (1.97 inches), respectively. Most of the recharge (about 77 percent for the three watersheds together) occurs as streamflow channel infiltration. Diffuse recharge (direct infiltration of rainfall to the aquifer) accounts for the remaining 23 percent of recharge. For the Hondo Creek watershed, the HSPF recharge estimates for 1992–2003 averaged about 22 percent less than those estimated by the Puente method, a method the U.S. Geological Survey has used to compute annual recharge to the Edwards aquifer since 1978. HSPF recharge estimates for the Verde Creek watershed average about 40 percent less than those estimated by the Puente method. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055252","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., 2005, Simulation of streamflow and estimation of recharge to the Edwards aquifer in the Hondo Creek, Verde Creek, and San Geronimo Creek watersheds, south-central Texas, 1951-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5252, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055252.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055252.PNG"},{"id":7350,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5252/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Hondo Creek watershed, San Geronimo Creek watershed, Verde Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.8,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.8,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.6,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.6,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.8,\n              30\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f2214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72844,"text":"sir20055238 - 2005 - Hydraulic properties of the surficial aquifer at five selected sites in the Little Contentnea Creek basin, North Carolina, 2002-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T09:35:31","indexId":"sir20055238","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5238","title":"Hydraulic properties of the surficial aquifer at five selected sites in the Little Contentnea Creek basin, North Carolina, 2002-03","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055238","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.G., and Chapman, M.J., 2005, Hydraulic properties of the surficial aquifer at five selected sites in the Little Contentnea Creek basin, North Carolina, 2002-03 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5238, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055238.","productDescription":"113 p.","numberOfPages":"113","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7348,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Little Contentnea Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,35 ], [ -78,36 ], [ -77,36 ], [ -77,35 ], [ -78,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a1fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":72847,"text":"sir20055209 - 2005 - Status of fish communities in the Rio Grande, Big Bend National Park, Texas - comparison before and after Spring 2003 period of low flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T17:56:47","indexId":"sir20055209","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5209","title":"Status of fish communities in the Rio Grande, Big Bend National Park, Texas - comparison before and after Spring 2003 period of low flow","docAbstract":"<p>During 2003–04 the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, re-evaluated the status of fish communities in three reaches of the Rio Grande in Big Bend National Park that originally were evaluated when the three reaches were established for study in 1999. The objective was to determine whether there were measurable differences between 1999 and 2003–04 (referred to as 2004) fish community status that likely are attributable to a rare 58-day period of low flow (less than 1 cubic meter per second) in spring 2003 at the Johnson Ranch gaging station on the Rio Grande in Big Bend National Park. The total number of fish species collected at all three sites (Boquillas, Johnson Ranch, and Santa Elena) in 1999 was greater than in 2004. The number of fish species collected at the Boquillas site in 1999 (10) was twice that collected in 2004; the number of species collected at the Johnson Ranch site in 1999 (nine) was almost twice that collected in 2004 (five). In contrast, the numbers at the Santa Elena site were nearly the same, 15 species in 1999, 14 in 2004. Percent community similarity for the Boquillas site is 8.04, for the Johnson Ranch site, 6.65, and for the Santa Elena site, 47.6, which indicates considerably more similarity between the 1999 and 2004 fish communities at the Santa Elena site than for the Boquillas and Johnson Ranch sites. At the Boquillas and Johnson Ranch sites, the fish communities shifted from small minnow (Cyprinidae) dominated in 1999 to largely gar (Lepisosteidae) and catfish (Ictaluridae) dominated in 2004. In contrast, no such shift occurred at the Santa Elena site between 1999 and 2004. Differences in flow conditions between the two downstream sites and the Santa Elena site might account for the dissimilar findings. The findings of the study provide some evidence that the spring 2003 period of low flow affected fish communities, but the findings are not definitive as other factors such as increased salinity, algal toxins, bioavailable contaminants, and exotic species can affect fish populations and, ultimately, fish community structure. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055209","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., 2005, Status of fish communities in the Rio Grande, Big Bend National Park, Texas - comparison before and after Spring 2003 period of low flow: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5209, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055209.","productDescription":"18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055209.PNG"},{"id":7347,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5209/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Chihuahua, Coahuila, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Big Bend National Park, Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105,\n              28.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -105,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -101,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -101,\n              28.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -105,\n              28.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df85f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J. Bruce","contributorId":53372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J. Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72833,"text":"sir20055196 - 2005 - Chemical and biological characterization of the headwaters of the Rush Creek watershed, Perry County, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"sir20055196","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5196","title":"Chemical and biological characterization of the headwaters of the Rush Creek watershed, Perry County, Ohio","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055196","usgsCitation":"Darner, R.A., Tertuliani, J.S., and Haefner, R.J., 2005, Chemical and biological characterization of the headwaters of the Rush Creek watershed, Perry County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5196, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055196.","productDescription":"78 p.","numberOfPages":"78","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7293,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e48fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darner, Robert A. 0000-0003-1333-8265 radarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-8265","contributorId":1972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darner","given":"Robert","email":"radarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tertuliani, John S. tertulia@usgs.gov","contributorId":1745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tertuliani","given":"John","email":"tertulia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haefner, Ralph J. 0000-0002-4363-9010 rhaefner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-9010","contributorId":1793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haefner","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaefner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":72832,"text":"ofr20051374 - 2005 - Bridge scour monitoring methods at three sites in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-14T11:34:37","indexId":"ofr20051374","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1374","title":"Bridge scour monitoring methods at three sites in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<div data-canvas-width=\"346.3866666666666\">Of the nearly 11,500 bridges in Wisconsin, 89 have been assessed with critical scour conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, the Marathon County Highway Department, and the Jefferson County Highway Department, performed routine monitoring of streambed elevations for three bridges. Two monitoring approaches were employed: (1) manual monitoring using moderately simple equipment, and (2) automated monitoring, using moderately sophisticated electronic equipment. The results from all three sites demonstrate that both techniques can produce reasonable measurements of streambed elevation. The manual technique has a lower annual operating cost, and is useful for cases where documentation of long-term trends is desired. The automated technique has a higher annual operating cost and is useful for real-time monitoring of episodic events with short time durations.&nbsp;</div>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Society","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051374","usgsCitation":"Walker, J.F., and Hughes, P.E., 2005, Bridge scour monitoring methods at three sites in Wisconsin (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1374, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051374.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7292,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1374/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":309885,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1374/pdf/OFR_2005-1374.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Jefferson County, Marathon County, Trempealeau County","otherGeospatial":"Big Crawfish River, Big Eau Pleine River, Tank 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,{"id":72848,"text":"ofr20041411 - 2005 - Geologic framework of aquifer units and ground-water flowpaths, Verde River headwaters, north-central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T20:30:40.768524","indexId":"ofr20041411","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1411","title":"Geologic framework of aquifer units and ground-water flowpaths, Verde River headwaters, north-central Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041411","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, E., and Langenheim, V., 2005, Geologic framework of aquifer units and ground-water flowpaths, Verde River headwaters, north-central Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1411, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041411.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7349,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1411/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402305,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74646.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Verde River headwaters","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.686767578125,\n              34.69646117272349\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.64306640625,\n              34.69646117272349\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.64306640625,\n              35.82672127366604\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.686767578125,\n              35.82672127366604\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.686767578125,\n              34.69646117272349\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a60eb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":54855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749937,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":72840,"text":"sir20055232 - 2005 - Ground-water quality in the carbonate-rock aquifer of the Great Basin, Nevada and Utah, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T14:01:52","indexId":"sir20055232","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5232","title":"Ground-water quality in the carbonate-rock aquifer of the Great Basin, Nevada and Utah, 2003","docAbstract":"<p>The carbonate-rock aquifer of the Great Basin is named for the thick sequence of Paleozoic limestone and dolomite with lesser amounts of shale, sandstone, and quartzite. It lies primarily in the eastern half of the Great Basin and includes areas of eastern Nevada and western Utah as well as the Death Valley area of California and small parts of Arizona and Idaho. The carbonate-rock aquifer is contained within the Basin and Range Principal Aquifer, one of 16 principal aquifers selected for study by the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water- Quality Assessment Program.</p><p>Water samples from 30 ground-water sites (20 in Nevada and 10 in Utah) were collected in the summer of 2003 and analyzed for major anions and cations, nutrients, trace elements, dissolved organic carbon, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, radon, and microbiology. Water samples from selected sites also were analyzed for the isotopes oxygen-18, deuterium, and tritium to determine recharge sources and the occurrence of water recharged since the early 1950s.</p><p>Primary drinking-water standards were exceeded for several inorganic constituents in 30 water samples from the carbonate-rock aquifer. The maximum contaminant level was exceeded for concentrations of dissolved antimony (6 μg/L) in one sample, arsenic (10 μg/L) in eleven samples, and thallium (2 μg/L) in one sample. Secondary drinking-water regulations were exceeded for several inorganic constituents in water samples: chloride (250 mg/L) in five samples, fluoride (2 mg/L) in two samples, iron (0.3 mg/L) in four samples, manganese (0.05 mg/L) in one sample, sulfate (250 mg/L) in three samples, and total dissolved solids (500 mg/L) in seven samples.</p><p>Six different pesticides or metabolites were detected at very low concentrations in the 30 water samples. The lack of VOC detections in water sampled from most of the sites is evidence thatVOCs are not common in the carbonate-rock aquifer. Arsenic values for water range from 0.7 to 45.7 μg/L, with a median value of 9.6 μg/L. Factors affecting arsenic concentration in the carbonate-rock aquifer in addition to geothermal heating are its natural occurrence in the aquifer material and time of travel along the flow path.</p><p>Most of the chemical analyses, especially for VOCs and nutrients, indicate little, if any, effect of overlying land-use patterns on ground-water quality. The water quality in recharge areas for the aquifer where human activities are more intense may be affected by urban and/or agricultural land uses as evidenced by pesticide detections. The proximity of the carbonate-rock aquifer at these sites to the land surface and the potential for local recharge to occur through the fractured rock likely results in the occurrence of these and other land-surface related contaminants in the ground water. Water from sites sampled near outcrops of carbonate-rock aquifer likely has a much shorter residence time resulting in a potential for detection of anthropogenic or land-surface related compounds. Sites located in discharge areas of the flow systems or wells that are completed at a great depth below the land surface generally show no effects of land-use activities on water quality. Flow times within the carbonate-rock aquifer, away from recharge areas, are on the order of thousands of years, so any contaminants introduced at the land surface that will not degrade along the flow path have not reached the sampled sites in these areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Carson City, NV","doi":"10.3133/sir20055232","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, D.H., Thiros, S.A., and Rosen, M.R., 2005, Ground-water quality in the carbonate-rock aquifer of the Great Basin, Nevada and Utah, 2003 (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5232, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055232.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5232.jpg"},{"id":334248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5232/pdf/sir20055232_RevisionHistory.pdf"},{"id":334249,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5232/pdf/sir20055232.pdf"},{"id":7345,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5232/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.3115234375,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.806640625,\n              36.94989178681327\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.19238281249999,\n              35.42486791930558\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0166015625,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.62109375,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4453125,\n              41.04621681452063\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.236328125,\n              42.71473218539458\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.5654296875,\n              42.87596410238256\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              41.705728515237524\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.65234374999999,\n              40.1452892956766\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.3115234375,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6671c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, Donald H.","contributorId":77507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":72841,"text":"sir20055277 - 2005 - Numerical ground-water change model of the C aquifer and effects of ground-water withdrawals on stream depletion in selected reaches of Clear Creek, Chevelon Creek, and the Little Colorado River, northeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:22:41","indexId":"sir20055277","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5277","title":"Numerical ground-water change model of the C aquifer and effects of ground-water withdrawals on stream depletion in selected reaches of Clear Creek, Chevelon Creek, and the Little Colorado River, northeastern Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055277","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., Hoffmann, J., and Dickinson, J.E., 2005, Numerical ground-water change model of the C aquifer and effects of ground-water withdrawals on stream depletion in selected reaches of Clear Creek, Chevelon Creek, and the Little Colorado River, northeastern Arizona (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5277, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055277.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7346,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5277/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696850","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffmann, J.P.","contributorId":76389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickinson, Jesse E. 0000-0002-0048-0839 jdickins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-0839","contributorId":152545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Jesse","email":"jdickins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":72834,"text":"sir20055255 - 2005 - Ground water/surface water interactions and quality of discharging ground water in streams of the lower Nooksack River basin, Whatcom County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"sir20055255","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5255","title":"Ground water/surface water interactions and quality of discharging ground water in streams of the lower Nooksack River basin, Whatcom County, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055255","usgsCitation":"Cox, S.E., Simonds, F.W., Doremus, L., Huffman, R.L., and Defawe, R.M., 2005, Ground water/surface water interactions and quality of discharging ground water in streams of the lower Nooksack River basin, Whatcom County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5255, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055255.","productDescription":"56 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7294,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d6c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, Stephen E. 0000-0001-6614-8225 secox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6614-8225","contributorId":1642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Stephen","email":"secox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simonds, F. William","contributorId":61868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonds","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doremus, Llyn","contributorId":58521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doremus","given":"Llyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huffman, Raegan L. 0000-0001-8523-5439 rhuffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-5439","contributorId":1638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Raegan","email":"rhuffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Defawe, Rose M.","contributorId":106208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Defawe","given":"Rose","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":72839,"text":"tm5D1 - 2005 - Methods for synthesis of some jarosites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:02","indexId":"tm5D1","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-D1","title":"Methods for synthesis of some jarosites","docAbstract":"Experimental procedures in this report summarize attempts to synthesize potassium-, hydronium-, sodium-, and mixed-composition (hydronium-bearing) jarosites. After experimentation, some acceptable combinations of chemical and physical factors were found to routinely synthesize chemically different jarosites, which were used as part of a characterization study of some natural and synthetic jarosites.\r\n\r\nJarosite is a sulfate mineral that is common in geologic settings where iron sulfide minerals such as pyrite or marcasite are subject to oxidative weathering.\r\n\r\nThe presence of jarosite is a hallmark of acidic conditions. Jarosite forms as a secondary mineral in weathered sulfidic ores, coal mine wastes, on oxidizing mine wastes, and in streams affected by acid mine drainage. Jarosite also forms in acid-sulfate soils, as an alteration product of sulfidic shales, and in hydrothermal environments.\r\n\r\nBecause of its important role in earth surface processes, the USGS is conducting mineralogical, geochemical, and remote sensing studies to characterize natural jarosites and to elucidate its stability range and conditions of formation.\r\n\r\nThe presence of jarosite is not limited to the Earth. The recent identification of jarosite in the rocks at the Meridiani Planum on Mars has given planetary geologists reason to think that jarosite may be evidence of relict lacustrine (lake systems) or hydrothermal (water enriched magma emanations) systems on the Martian surface. USGS scientists are currently developing jarosite detection systems that can be placed on orbiting spectrometers. One day these systems may guide Mars landers to sites abundant in jarosite, sites most likely to have sheltered ancient Martian life. ","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Book 5. Laboratory Analysis, Section D. Geologic Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tm5D1","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, R., and Leinz, R., 2005, Methods for synthesis of some jarosites (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-D1, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5D1.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_5_d1.gif"},{"id":7344,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/05D01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62babe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, Rhonda","contributorId":96716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Rhonda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leinz, Reinhard","contributorId":103700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leinz","given":"Reinhard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":72836,"text":"fs20053141 - 2005 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Wind River basin province, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:02","indexId":"fs20053141","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3141","title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Wind River basin province, 2005","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053141","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Wind River basin province, 2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3141, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053141.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3141.jpg"},{"id":7341,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66f430","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72827,"text":"pp1709E - 2005 - Micromorphologic evidence for paleosol development in the Endicott group, Siksikpuk formation, Kingak(?) shale, and Ipewik formation, western Brooks range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:14:45","indexId":"pp1709E","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1709","chapter":"E","title":"Micromorphologic evidence for paleosol development in the Endicott group, Siksikpuk formation, Kingak(?) shale, and Ipewik formation, western Brooks range, Alaska","docAbstract":"Micromorphologic evidence indicates the presence of paleosols in drill-core samples from four sedimentary units in the Red Dog area, western Brooks Range. Well-developed sepic-plasmic fabrics and siderite spherules occur in claystones\r\nof the Upper Devonian through Lower Mississippian(?) Kanayut Conglomerate (Endicott Group), the Pennsylvanian through Permian Siksikpuk Formation (Etivluk Group), the Jurassic through Lower Cretaceous Kingak(?) Shale, and the Lower Cretaceous Ipewik Formation. Although exposure surfaces have been previously recognized in the Endicott Group and Kingak Shale on the basis of outcrop features, our study is the first microscopic analysis of paleosols from these units, and it provides the first evidence of subaerial exposure in the Siksikpuk and Ipewik Formations. Regional stratigraphic relations and geochemical data support our interpretations. Paleosols in the Siksikpuk, Kingak, and Ipewik Formations likely formed in nearshore coastal-plain environments, with pore waters subjected to inundation by the updip migration of slightly brackish ground water, whereas paleosols in the Kanayut Conglomerate probably formed in a more distal setting relative to a marine basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2004","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1709E","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., and White, T., 2005, Micromorphologic evidence for paleosol development in the Endicott group, Siksikpuk formation, Kingak(?) shale, and Ipewik formation, western Brooks range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1709, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1709E.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7463,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1709e/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e4b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Tim 0000-0002-3563-0649 ttwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-0649","contributorId":2010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Tim","email":"ttwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":72830,"text":"sir20055085 - 2005 - Spatial and temporal variations in oceanographic and meteorologic forcing along the central California coast, 1980-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"sir20055085","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5085","title":"Spatial and temporal variations in oceanographic and meteorologic forcing along the central California coast, 1980-2002","docAbstract":"Since the 1980s, our understanding of such important large-scale phenomena as El Ni?o events and the California Current System that drive physical, chemical, and biologic processes along the U.S. west coast has greatly improved. However, our ability to predict the influence of annual and interannual events on a regional scale still remains limited. We have analyzed high-resolution hourly data from eight National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration buoys deployed since the early 1980s off central California to study spatial and temporal variations in oceanographic and meteorologic forcing along the coast. We identified seasonal to interannual trends in significant wave height, dominant wave period, sea-level barometric pressure, sea-surface water temperature, windspeed, and wind direction were identified, as well as significant departures in these trends during El Ni?o and La Ni?a periods. The results suggest increasing wave heights and wave periods, decreasing sea-level barometric pressures and variations in sea-surface water temperatures, and increasing variations in windspeed and wind direction off central California between 1980 and 2002.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055085","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., and Wingfield, D.K., 2005, Spatial and temporal variations in oceanographic and meteorologic forcing along the central California coast, 1980-2002 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5085, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055085.","productDescription":"45 p.","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7466,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d4e4b07f02db548f11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingfield, Dana K.","contributorId":40683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingfield","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":72809,"text":"ofr20051422 - 2005 - A computer program (ZONECONC) for tabulating concentration statistics using results from the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Three-Dimensional Ground-Water Flow and Transport Model [MODFLOW-GWT]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:57","indexId":"ofr20051422","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1422","title":"A computer program (ZONECONC) for tabulating concentration statistics using results from the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Three-Dimensional Ground-Water Flow and Transport Model [MODFLOW-GWT]","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051422","usgsCitation":"Harte, P., 2005, A computer program (ZONECONC) for tabulating concentration statistics using results from the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Three-Dimensional Ground-Water Flow and Transport Model [MODFLOW-GWT] (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1422, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051422.","productDescription":"32 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7406,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1422/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0a07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, P. T. 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":36143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72810,"text":"ofr20051354 - 2005 - Compilation of concentrations of total selenium in water, coal in bottom material, and field measurement data for selected streams in eastern Kentucky, July 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:57","indexId":"ofr20051354","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1354","title":"Compilation of concentrations of total selenium in water, coal in bottom material, and field measurement data for selected streams in eastern Kentucky, July 1980","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051354","usgsCitation":"Downing-Kunz, M., Unthank, M.D., and Crain, A.S., 2005, Compilation of concentrations of total selenium in water, coal in bottom material, and field measurement data for selected streams in eastern Kentucky, July 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1354, iv, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051354.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7407,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1354/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa02d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing-Kunz, Maureen A. 0000-0002-4879-0318","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-0318","contributorId":57552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing-Kunz","given":"Maureen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unthank, Michael D. 0000-0003-2483-0431 munthank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-0431","contributorId":3902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unthank","given":"Michael","email":"munthank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crain, Angela S. 0000-0003-0969-6238 ascrain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0969-6238","contributorId":3090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crain","given":"Angela","email":"ascrain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":72820,"text":"ofr20051318 - 2005 - Locations and data for water wells of the Santa Rosa Valley, Sonoma County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-26T20:00:13.518158","indexId":"ofr20051318","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1318","title":"Locations and data for water wells of the Santa Rosa Valley, Sonoma County, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051318","usgsCitation":"Valin, Z.C., and McLaughlin, R.J., 2005, Locations and data for water wells of the Santa Rosa Valley, Sonoma County, California (Version 1.0, contains WSP 1427 data): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1318, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051318.","productDescription":"16 p.","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405719,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74209.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7417,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1318/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Sonoma County","otherGeospatial":"Santa Rosa Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.9,\n              38.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5167,\n              38.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5167,\n              38.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9,\n              38.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9,\n              38.3\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0, contains WSP 1427 data","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bf54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valin, Zenon C. 0000-0001-6199-6700 zenon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6199-6700","contributorId":3742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valin","given":"Zenon","email":"zenon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLaughlin, Robert J. 0000-0002-4390-2288 rjmcl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":1428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Robert","email":"rjmcl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":72807,"text":"ds152 - 2005 - Water-quality, streamflow, and ancillary data for nutrients in streams and rivers across the nation, 1992-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"ds152","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"152","title":"Water-quality, streamflow, and ancillary data for nutrients in streams and rivers across the nation, 1992-2001","docAbstract":"Introduction:  \r\nThis report is the companion data report for: Nutrients in Streams and Rivers Across the Nation - 1992-2001 (D.K. Mueller and N.E. Spahr, U.S. Geological Survey written commun., 2005).\r\n\r\nThe data contained in this report were collected as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Investigations were conducted in 51 large river basins and aquifer systems, which are referred to as 'study units.' Implementation of study-unit investigations were phased so that high-intensity sampling occurred in about one-third of the study units at a time. Investigations in the first 20 study units began in 1991, and stream sampling began in 1992; however, most samples were collected during water years 1993-95. (Water year is defined as the period from October through September and is identified by the year in which it ends.) A second group of 16 study-unit investigations began in 1994, with most of the sampling completed during water years 1996-98. A third group, consisting of 15 study units, began in 1997 with most of the data collected during water years 1999-2001. At some sites, additional sampling continued after the high-intensity time period. Gilliom and others (1995) provide additional information about study-unit sampling design. Additional information about the NAWQA program is available at http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/index.html.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds152","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.K., and Spahr, N.E., 2005, Water-quality, streamflow, and ancillary data for nutrients in streams and rivers across the nation, 1992-2001 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 152, unpaginated; map; data files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds152.","productDescription":"unpaginated; map; data files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2005/152/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, David K. mueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"mueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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