Recently, the barred owl (Strix varia) has expanded its range into the Pacific Northwest of the United States resulting in pronounced effects on the demography and behavior of the northern spotted owl (S. occidentalis caurina). The range expansion has brought together historically allopatric species, creating the potential for significant changes in the avian predator community with possible cascading effects on food-web dynamics. The adverse effects of the barred owl on the behavior and demography of the northern spotted owl are well-documented, but little is known about the immediate and long-term effects changes in the predator community may have on native species composition and ecosystem processes. Based on northern spotted owl and barred owl selection for diet and habitat resources, there is a potential for trophic cascades within the region's predator and prey communities, differing responses by their shared and unique prey species, and possible direct and indirect effects on ecosystem processes. We explored the possible ecological consequences of the barred owl range expansion to wildlife communities of the Pacific Northwest based on the theoretical underpinnings of predator–prey relationships, interspecific competition, intraguild predation, and potential cascading trophic interactions. Negative effects on fitness of northern spotted owls because of interspecific competition with barred owls are strong selection forces that may contribute to the regional extinction of the northern spotted owl. In addition, we posit that shared prey species and those uniquely consumed by barred owls, along with other competing native predators, may experience changes in behavior, abundance, and distribution as a result of increased rates of predation by rapidly expanding populations of barred owls.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.714","usgsCitation":"Holm, S.R., Noon, B.R., Wiens, D., and Ripple, W.J., 2016, Potential trophic cascades triggered by the barred owl range expansion: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 40, no. 4, p. 615-624, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.714.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"624","ipdsId":"IP-054746","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a219f6d5443479cbbc0dc22c60efcd3","text":"External Repository"},{"id":331554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5847dc7ce4b06d80b7af6aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm, Samantha R.","contributorId":177172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holm","given":"Samantha","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noon, Barry R.","contributorId":119751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noon","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiens, David 0000-0002-2020-038X jwiens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-038X","contributorId":167538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"David","email":"jwiens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ripple, William J.","contributorId":24271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripple","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178718,"text":"70178718 - 2016 - Evidence for partial overlap of male olfactory cues in lampreys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-02T11:03:20","indexId":"70178718","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for partial overlap of male olfactory cues in lampreys","docAbstract":"Animals rely on a mosaic of complex information to find and evaluate mates. Pheromones, often comprised of multiple components, are considered to be particularly important for species-recognition in many species. While the evolution of species-specific pheromone blends is well-described in many insects, very few vertebrate pheromones have been studied in a macro-evolutionary context. Here, we report a phylogenetic comparison of multi-component male odours that guide reproduction in lampreys. Chemical profiling of sexually mature males from eleven species of lamprey, representing six of ten genera and two of three families, indicated the chemical profiles of sexually mature male odours are partially shared among species. Behavioural assays conducted with four species sympatric in the Laurentian Great Lakes indicated asymmetric female responses to heterospecific odours, where Petromyzon marinus were attracted to male odour collected from all species tested but other species generally preferred only the odour of conspecifics. Electro-olfactogram recordings from P. marinusindicated that although P. marinus exhibited behavioural responses to odours from males of all species, at least some of the compounds that elicited olfactory responses were different in conspecific male odours compared to heterospecific male odours. We conclude that some of the compounds released by sexually mature males are shared among species and elicit olfactory and behavioural responses in P. marinus, and suggest that our results provide evidence for partial overlap of male olfactory cues among lampreys. Further characterization of the chemical identities of odour components is needed to confirm shared pheromones among species.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.149807","usgsCitation":"Buchinger, T.J., Li, K., Huertas, M., Baker, C.F., Jia, L., Hayes, M.C., Li, W., and Johnson, N.S., 2016, Evidence for partial overlap of male olfactory cues in lampreys: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 220, p. 497-506, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.149807.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"506","ipdsId":"IP-081552","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.149807","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5847dc7ae4b06d80b7af6aa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchinger, Tyler J.","contributorId":40508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchinger","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Ke","contributorId":172267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Ke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huertas, Mar","contributorId":177189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huertas","given":"Mar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baker, Cindy F.","contributorId":177190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Cindy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jia, Liang","contributorId":177191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jia","given":"Liang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. njohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":145440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70187103,"text":"70187103 - 2016 - Identification of Marbon in the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-21T16:20:59","indexId":"70187103","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of Marbon in the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal","docAbstract":"Marbon is isomeric with Dechlorane Plus (DP). Both are produced by the Diels−\nAlder condensation of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with cyclic dienes, and both have elemental\ncompositions of C18H12Cl12. Dechlorane Plus is commonly found in the environment throughout\nthe world, but Marbon has, so far, only been detected at low levels in one sediment core collected\nnear the mouth of the Niagara River in Lake Ontario. Here we report on the concentrations of\nMarbon and anti-DP in 59 water samples from five Lake Michigan tributaries [the Grand,\nKalamazoo, St. Joseph, and Lower Fox Rivers, and the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal (IHSC)],\n10 surface sediment samples from the IHSC, and 2 surface sediment samples from the Chicago\nSanitary and Ship Canal. Three Marbon diastereomers were detected in the water and sediment\nsamples from the IHSC, which is far from the location of its previous detection in Lake Ontario.\nThe sum of the concentrations of the three Marbons was greater in the water from the IHSC (N =\n11, median =150 pg/L) compared to those in water from the other four tributaries (N = 11−13,\nmedians =0.9−2.0 pg/L). Marbon concentrations in sediment samples from the IHSC were up to\n450 ng/g dry weight. Anti-DP was also measured for comparison. Its concentrations were not\nsignificantly different among the water samples, but its sediment concentrations in the IHSC were significantly correlated with\nthose of Marbon. The source of Marbon contamination in the IHSC is not clear.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b04646","usgsCitation":"Guo, J., Venier, M., Romanak, K., Westenbroek, S.M., and Hites, R.A., 2016, Identification of Marbon in the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 24, p. 13232-13238, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04646.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"13232","endPage":"13238","ipdsId":"IP-081272","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Harbor, Ship Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.51245498657227,\n 41.62853140372287\n ],\n [\n -87.39572525024414,\n 41.62853140372287\n ],\n [\n -87.39572525024414,\n 41.69496238228255\n ],\n [\n -87.51245498657227,\n 41.69496238228255\n ],\n [\n -87.51245498657227,\n 41.62853140372287\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"24","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fb1a4ce4b0c3010a8087b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Jiehong","contributorId":191232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Jiehong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Venier, Marta","contributorId":191233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Venier","given":"Marta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romanak, Kevin","contributorId":191234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romanak","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Westenbroek, Stephen M. 0000-0002-6284-8643 smwesten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-8643","contributorId":2210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Stephen","email":"smwesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hites, Ronald A.","contributorId":191235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hites","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178720,"text":"70178720 - 2016 - Morphometric body condition indices of wild Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T09:35:32","indexId":"70178720","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":869,"text":"Aquatic Mammals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphometric body condition indices of wild Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","docAbstract":"In many species, body weight (W) increases geometrically with body length (L), so W/L3 provides a body condition index (BCI) that can be used to evaluate nutritional status once a normal range has been established. No such index has been established for Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). This study was designed to determine a normal range of BCIs of Florida manatees by comparing W in kg with straight total length (SL), curvilinear total length (CL), and umbilical girth (UG) in m for 146 wild manatees measured during winter health assessments at three Florida locations. Small calves to large adults of SL from 1.47 to 3.23 m and W from 77 to 751 kg were compared. BCIs were significantly greater in adult females than in adult males (p < 0.05). W scaled proportionally to L3 in females but not in males, which were slimmer than females. The logarithms of W and of each linear measurement were regressed to develop amended indices that allow for sex differences. The regression slope for log W against log SL was 2.915 in females and 2.578 in males; W/SL2.915 ranged from 18.9 to 29.6 (mean 23.2) in females and from 24.6 to 37.3 (mean 29.8) in males. Some BCIs were slightly (4%), but significantly (p ≤ 0.05), higher for females in Crystal River than in Tampa Bay or Indian River, but there was no evidence of geographic variation in condition among males. These normal ranges should help evaluate the nutritional status of both wild and rehabilitating captive manatees.
","language":"English","publisher":"Aquatic Mammals","doi":"10.1578/AM.42.4.2016.428","usgsCitation":"Harshaw, L.T., Larkin, I.V., Bonde, R.K., Deutsch, C., and Hill, R.C., 2016, Morphometric body condition indices of wild Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris): Aquatic Mammals, v. 42, no. 4, p. 428-439, https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.42.4.2016.428.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"428","endPage":"439","ipdsId":"IP-068590","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.76805114746094,\n 28.47774513090883\n ],\n [\n -80.77629089355469,\n 28.506712182731704\n ],\n [\n -80.75569152832031,\n 28.506712182731704\n ],\n [\n -80.75569152832031,\n 28.47714156614553\n ],\n [\n -80.76805114746094,\n 28.47774513090883\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.430419921875,\n 27.786239014835164\n ],\n [\n -82.430419921875,\n 27.812964428734308\n ],\n [\n -82.40707397460938,\n 27.812964428734308\n ],\n [\n -82.40707397460938,\n 27.786239014835164\n ],\n [\n -82.430419921875,\n 27.786239014835164\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.60620117187499,\n 28.890674728586355\n ],\n [\n -82.60620117187499,\n 28.89578469901921\n ],\n [\n -82.59160995483398,\n 28.89578469901921\n ],\n [\n -82.59160995483398,\n 28.890674728586355\n ],\n [\n -82.60620117187499,\n 28.890674728586355\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5847dc76e4b06d80b7af6aa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harshaw, Lauren T.","contributorId":177184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harshaw","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larkin, Iskande V.","contributorId":177187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larkin","given":"Iskande","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deutsch, Charles J.","contributorId":64135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutsch","given":"Charles J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, Richard C.","contributorId":177188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178701,"text":"70178701 - 2016 - Byproduct metal requirements for U.S. wind and solar photovoltaic electricity generation up to the year 2040 under various Clean Power Plan scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-06T12:34:47","indexId":"70178701","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":832,"text":"Applied Energy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Byproduct metal requirements for U.S. wind and solar photovoltaic electricity generation up to the year 2040 under various Clean Power Plan scenarios","docAbstract":"The United States has and will likely continue to obtain an increasing share of its electricity from solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind power, especially under the Clean Power Plan (CPP). The need for additional solar PV modules and wind turbines will, among other things, result in greater demand for a number of minor metals that are produced mainly or only as byproducts. In this analysis, the quantities of 11 byproduct metals (Ag, Cd, Te, In, Ga, Se, Ge, Nd, Pr, Dy, and Tb) required for wind turbines with rare-earth permanent magnets and four solar PV technologies are assessed through the year 2040. Three key uncertainties (electricity generation capacities, technology market shares, and material intensities) are varied to develop 42 scenarios for each byproduct metal. The results indicate that byproduct metal requirements vary significantly across technologies, scenarios, and over time. In certain scenarios, the requirements are projected to become a significant portion of current primary production. This is especially the case for Te, Ge, Dy, In, and Tb under the more aggressive scenarios of increasing market share and conservative material intensities. Te and Dy are, perhaps, of most concern given their substitution limitations. In certain years, the differences in byproduct metal requirements between the technology market share and material intensity scenarios are greater than those between the various CPP and No CPP scenarios. Cumulatively across years 2016–2040, the various CPP scenarios are estimated to require 15–43% more byproduct metals than the No CPP scenario depending on the specific byproduct metal and scenario. Increasing primary production via enhanced recovery rates of the byproduct metals during the beneficiation and enrichment operations, improving end-of-life recycling rates, and developing substitutes are important strategies that may help meet the increased demand for these byproduct metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.062","usgsCitation":"Nassar, N., Wilburn, D.R., and Goonan, T.G., 2016, Byproduct metal requirements for U.S. wind and solar photovoltaic electricity generation up to the year 2040 under various Clean Power Plan scenarios: Applied Energy, v. 183, p. 1209-1226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.062.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1209","endPage":"1226","ipdsId":"IP-078635","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"183","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5847dc7be4b06d80b7af6aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nassar, Nedal T. 0000-0001-8758-9732 nnassar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8758-9732","contributorId":177175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nassar","given":"Nedal T.","email":"nnassar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilburn, David R. 0000-0002-5371-7617 wilburn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-7617","contributorId":1755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilburn","given":"David","email":"wilburn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goonan, Thomas G. goonan@usgs.gov","contributorId":2761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goonan","given":"Thomas","email":"goonan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175362,"text":"70175362 - 2016 - Survival estimates for reintroduced populations of the Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-06T10:24:46","indexId":"70175362","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival estimates for reintroduced populations of the Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis)","docAbstract":"Global amphibian declines have been attributed to a number of factors including disease, invasive species, habitat degradation, and climate change. Reintroduction is one management action that is commonly used with the goal of recovering imperiled species. The success of reintroductions varies widely, and evaluating their efficacy requires estimates of population viability metrics, such as underlying vital rates and trends in abundance. Although rarely quantified, assessing vital rates for recovering populations provides a more mechanistic understanding of population growth than numerical trends in population occupancy or abundance. We used three years of capture-mark-recapture data from three breeding ponds and a Cormack-Jolly-Seber model to estimate annual apparent survival for reintroduced populations of the federally threatened Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis) at the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (BANWR), in the Altar Valley, Arizona, USA. To place our results in context, we also compiled published survival estimates for other ranids. Average apparent survival of Chiricahua Leopard Frogs at BANWR was 0.27 (95% CI [0.07, 0.74]) and average individual capture probability was 0.02 (95% CI [0, 0.05]). Our apparent survival estimate for Chiricahua Leopard Frogs is lower than for most other ranids and is not consistent with recent research that showed metapopulation viability in the Altar Valley is high. We suggest that low apparent survival may be indicative of high emigration rates. We recommend that future research should estimate emigration rates so that actual, rather than apparent, survival can be quantified to improve population viability assessments of threatened species following reintroduction efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/CE-16-406","usgsCitation":"Howell, P., Hossack, B.R., Muths, E.L., Sigafus, B.H., and Chandler, R.B., 2016, Survival estimates for reintroduced populations of the Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis): Copeia, v. 104, no. 4, p. 824-830, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-16-406.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"824","endPage":"830","ipdsId":"IP-072948","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5847dc7ce4b06d80b7af6aab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, Paige E.","contributorId":173495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howell","given":"Paige E.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sigafus, Brent H. 0000-0002-7422-8927 bsigafus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-8927","contributorId":4534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigafus","given":"Brent","email":"bsigafus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chandler, Richard B. rchandler@usgs.gov","contributorId":63524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard","email":"rchandler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178141,"text":"gip169 - 2016 - USGS Colorado Water Science Center bookmark","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70178141,"text":"gip169 - 2016 - USGS Colorado Water Science Center bookmark","indexId":"gip169","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"title":"USGS Colorado Water Science Center bookmark"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70243480,"text":"gip223 - 2023 - USGS Colorado Water Science Center bookmark","indexId":"gip223","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"USGS Colorado Water Science Center bookmark"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70243480,"text":"gip223 - 2023 - USGS Colorado Water Science Center bookmark","indexId":"gip223","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"USGS Colorado Water Science Center bookmark"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-12T20:38:27.167896","indexId":"gip169","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-05T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"169","title":"USGS Colorado Water Science Center bookmark","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center conducts its water-resources activities primarily in Colorado in cooperation with more than 125 different entities. These activities include extensive data-collection efforts and studies of streamflow, water quality, and groundwater to address many specific issues of concern to Colorado water-management entities and citizens. The collected data are provided in the National Water Information System, and study results are documented in reports and information served on the Internet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip169","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Colorado Water Science Center bookmark: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 169, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip169.","productDescription":"Bookmark","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-079427","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331200,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0169/gip169.pdf","text":"Bookmark","size":"5.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 169"},{"id":331199,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0169/coverthb2_superseded.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, USGS Colorado Water Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 415
Denver, CO 80225
The U.S. Geological Survey collected high-resolution seismic-reflection data in September 2009, on survey S-8-09-NC, offshore of northern California between Bolinas and Sea Ranch.
The survey area spans about 125 km of California’s coast and extends around Point Reyes. Data were collected aboard the U.S. Geological Survey R/V Parke Snavely. Cumulatively, ~1,150 km of seismic-reflection data were acquired using a SIG 2mille minisparker. Subbottom acoustic depth of penetration spanned tens to several hundred meters and varied by location and underlying sediments and rock types.
This report includes maps and a navigation file of the surveyed transects, utilizing Google Earth™ software, as well as digital data files showing images of each transect in SEG-Y and JPEG formats. The images of bedrock, sediment deposits, and tectonic structure provide geologic information that is essential to hazard assessment, regional sediment management, and coastal and marine spatial planning at Federal, State and local levels. This information is also valuable for future research on the geomorphic, sedimentary, tectonic, and climatic record of central California.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161058","usgsCitation":"Sliter, R.W., Johnson, S.Y., Chin, J.L., Allwardt, P., Beeson, J., and Triezenberg, P.J., 2016, High-resolution seismic-reflection data from offshore of northern California—Bolinas to Sea Ranch: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1058, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161058.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079352","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330668,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1058","text":"Report HTML","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2016-1058 HTML"},{"id":330667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1058/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Bolinas, Sea Ranch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.75299072265624,\n 37.83798775896512\n ],\n [\n -123.0853271484375,\n 37.95502661288625\n ],\n [\n -123.10729980468749,\n 38.04160203158016\n ],\n [\n -123.101806640625,\n 38.23386541556985\n ],\n [\n -123.4808349609375,\n 38.528830289587674\n ],\n [\n -123.662109375,\n 38.74337300148123\n ],\n [\n -123.51104736328125,\n 38.83328935686689\n ],\n [\n -123.035888671875,\n 38.43207668538207\n ],\n [\n -122.63763427734375,\n 37.90736658145496\n ],\n [\n -122.75299072265624,\n 37.83798775896512\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey, National Minerals Information Center, analyzes mineral and metal supply chains by identifying and describing major components of mineral and material flows from ore extraction, through intermediate forms, to a final product. This report focuses on an important component of the world’s supply chain: the amounts and global distribution of major consumer, producer, and exchange stocks of selected mineral commodities. In this report, the term “stock” is used instead of “inventory” and refers to accumulations of mined ore, intermediate products, and refined mineral-based commodities that are in a form that meets the agreed-upon specifications of a buyer or processor of intermediate products. These may include certain ores such as bauxite, concentrates, smelter products, and refined metals. Materials sometimes referred to as inventory for accounting purposes, such as ore contained in a deposit or in a leach pile, or materials that need to be further processed before they can be shipped to a consumer, are not considered. Stocks may be held (owned) by consumers, governments, investors, producers, and traders. They may serve as (1) a means to achieve economic, social, and strategic goals through government policies; (2) a secure source of supply to meet demand and to mitigate potential shortages in the supply chain; (3) a hedge to mitigate price volatility; and (4) vehicles for speculative investment.
The paucity and uneven reliability of data for stocks of ores and concentrates and for material held by producers, consumers, and merchants hinder the accurate estimating of the size and distribution of this portion of the supply chain for certain commodities. This paper reviews the more visible stocks held in commodity exchange warehouses distributed throughout the world.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165152","usgsCitation":"Wilburn, D.R., Bleiwas, D.I., and Karl, N.A., 2016, Global stocks of selected mineral-based commodities: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5152, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165152. ","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; Tables 2-10","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-074458","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5152/sir20165152_tables2-10.xlsx","text":"Tables 2 through 10","size":"94 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5152 - Tables 2-10","linkHelpText":"- Global Stocks of Selected Mineral-Based Commodities"},{"id":331396,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5152/sir20165152.pdf","text":"Report ","size":"1.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5152"},{"id":331395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5152/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
988 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/
Suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs) and turbidity were monitored within the Beaver Kill, Stony Clove Creek, and Warner Creek tributaries to the upper Esopus Creek in New York, the main source of water to the Ashokan Reservoir, from October 1, 2010, through September 30, 2014. The purpose of the monitoring was to determine the effects of suspended-sediment and turbidity reduction projects (STRPs) on SSC and turbidity in two of the three streams; no STRPs were constructed in the Beaver Kill watershed. During the study period, four STRPs were completed in the Stony Clove Creek and Warner Creek watersheds. Daily mean SSCs decreased significantly for a given streamflow after the STRPs were completed. The most substantial decreases in daily mean SSCs were measured at the highest streamflows. Background SSCs, as measured in water samples collected in upstream reference stream reaches, in all three streams in this study were less than 5 milligrams per liter during low and high streamflows. Longitudinal stream sampling identified stream reaches with failing hillslopes in contact with the stream channel as the primary sediment sources in the Beaver Kill and Stony Clove Creek watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165157","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ashokan Watershed Stream Management Program","usgsCitation":"Siemion, Jason, McHale, M.R., and Davis, W.D., 2016, Suspended-sediment and turbidity responses to sediment and turbidity reduction projects in the Beaver Kill, Stony Clove Creek, and Warner Creek Watersheds, New York, 2010–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5157, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165157.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 28 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075484","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331382,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5157/sir20165157_appendix1.csv","text":"Appendix 1","size":"8.93 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"SIR 2016-5157 - Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"- Suspended sediment concentrations and concurrent turbidity"},{"id":331381,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5157/sir20165157.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5157"},{"id":331380,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5157/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":331383,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5157/sir20165157_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"18.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5157 - Appendix 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Stony Clove Creek Watershed, Warner Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 42.19088154556975\n ],\n [\n -74.15908813476562,\n 42.19088154556975\n ],\n [\n -74.15908813476562,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 42.049292638686836\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180-8349
Information Requests:
(518) 285-5602
Or visit our Website at:
http://ny.water.usgs.gov
Dissolved organic matter samples extracted from ground water at the USGS Bemidji oil spill site in Minnesota were investigated by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Principle component analysis (PCA) of the elemental composition assignments of the samples showed that the score plots for the contaminated sites were well separated from those for the uncontaminated sites. Additionally, spectra obtained from the same sampling site 7 and 19 years after the spill were grouped together in the score plot, strongly suggesting a steady state of contamination within the 12 year interval. The double bond equivalence (DBE) of Ox class compounds was broader for the samples from the contaminated sites, because of the complex nature of oil and the consequent formation of compounds with saturated and/or aromatic structures from the oxygenated products of oil. In addition, Ox class compounds with a relatively smaller number of x (x < 8; x = number of oxygen) and OxS1 class compounds were more abundant in the samples from the contaminated sites, because of the lower oxygen and higher sulfur contents of the oil compared to humic substances. The molecular-level signatures presented here can be a fundamental basis for in-depth analysis of oil contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.018","usgsCitation":"Islam, A., Ahmed, A., Hur, M., Thorn, K.A., and Kim, S., 2016, Molecular-level evidence provided by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry for oil-derived doc in groundwater at Bemidji, Minnesota: Journal of Hazardous Materials, v. 320, p. 123-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.018.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"132","ipdsId":"IP-073491","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","volume":"320","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58468ae7e4b04fc80e5236bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Islam, Ananna","contributorId":177160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Islam","given":"Ananna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahmed, Arif","contributorId":177162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahmed","given":"Arif","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hur, Manhoi","contributorId":177161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hur","given":"Manhoi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thorn, Kevin A. 0000-0003-2236-5193 kathorn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-5193","contributorId":3288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Kevin","email":"kathorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kim, Sunghwan","contributorId":45606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Sunghwan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178689,"text":"70178689 - 2016 - Methane emissions from oceans, coasts, and freshwater habitats: New perspectives and feedbacks on climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-05T11:08:21","indexId":"70178689","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane emissions from oceans, coasts, and freshwater habitats: New perspectives and feedbacks on climate","docAbstract":"Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, and atmospheric concentrations have risen 2.5 times since the beginning of the Industrial age. While much of this increase is attributed to anthropogenic sources, natural sources, which contribute between 35% and 50% of global methane emissions, are thought to have a role in the atmospheric methane increase, in part due to human influences. Methane emissions from many natural sources are sensitive to climate, and positive feedbacks from climate change and cultural eutrophication may promote increased emissions to the atmosphere. These natural sources include aquatic environments such as wetlands, freshwater lakes, streams and rivers, and estuarine, coastal, and marine systems. Furthermore, there are significant marine sediment stores of methane in the form of clathrates that are vulnerable to mobilization and release to the atmosphere from climate feedbacks, and subsurface thermogenic gas which in exceptional cases may be released following accidents and disasters (North Sea blowout and Deepwater Horizon Spill respectively). Understanding of natural sources, key processes, and controls on emission is continually evolving as new measurement and modeling capabilities develop, and different sources and processes are revealed. This special issue of Limnology and Oceanography gathers together diverse studies on methane production, consumption, and emissions from freshwater, estuarine, and marine systems, and provides a broad view of the current science on methane dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. Here, we provide a general overview of aquatic methane sources, their contribution to the global methane budget, and key uncertainties. We then briefly summarize the contributions to and highlights of this special issue.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.1002/lno.10449","usgsCitation":"Hamdan, L.J., and Wickland, K.P., 2016, Methane emissions from oceans, coasts, and freshwater habitats: New perspectives and feedbacks on climate: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 61, no. S1, p. S3-S12, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10449.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"S3","endPage":"S12","ipdsId":"IP-079689","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10449","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"S1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58468ae8e4b04fc80e5236c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamdan, Leila J.","contributorId":177155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamdan","given":"Leila","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185638,"text":"70185638 - 2016 - Ferromanganese crusts and nodules, rocks that grow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:53:50","indexId":"70185638","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ferromanganese crusts and nodules, rocks that grow","docAbstract":"Ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts and nodules are marine sed- imentary mineral deposits, composed mostly of iron and manganese oxides. They precipitate very slowly from seawa- ter, or for nodules also from deep-sea sediment pore waters, recording the chemical signature of these source waters as they grow. Additional elements incorporate via sorption pro- cesses onto the Fe-Mn oxides, including rare and valuable metals that can reach concentrations that are economically valuable.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, A Comprehensive Reference Source on the Chemistry of the Earth","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_101-1","usgsCitation":"Mizell, K., and Hein, J.R., 2016, Ferromanganese crusts and nodules, rocks that grow, chap. of Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, A Comprehensive Reference Source on the Chemistry of the Earth, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_101-1.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-077914","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338339,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_101-1"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6abfe4b02ff32c6aea2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mizell, Kira 0000-0002-5066-787X kmizell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-787X","contributorId":4914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mizell","given":"Kira","email":"kmizell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178691,"text":"70178691 - 2016 - Towards simplification of hydrologic modeling: Identification of dominant processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-05T11:04:39","indexId":"70178691","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards simplification of hydrologic modeling: Identification of dominant processes","docAbstract":"The Precipitation–Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), a distributed-parameter hydrologic model, has been applied to the conterminous US (CONUS). Parameter sensitivity analysis was used to identify: (1) the sensitive input parameters and (2) particular model output variables that could be associated with the dominant hydrologic process(es). Sensitivity values of 35 PRMS calibration parameters were computed using the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test procedure on 110 000 independent hydrologically based spatial modeling units covering the CONUS and then summarized to process (snowmelt, surface runoff, infiltration, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, interflow, baseflow, and runoff) and model performance statistic (mean, coefficient of variation, and autoregressive lag 1). Identified parameters and processes provide insight into model performance at the location of each unit and allow the modeler to identify the most dominant process on the basis of which processes are associated with the most sensitive parameters.
The results of this study indicate that: (1) the choice of performance statistic and output variables has a strong influence on parameter sensitivity, (2) the apparent model complexity to the modeler can be reduced by focusing on those processes that are associated with sensitive parameters and disregarding those that are not, (3) different processes require different numbers of parameters for simulation, and (4) some sensitive parameters influence only one hydrologic process, while others may influence many
","language":"English","publisher":"Europen Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hess-20-4655-2016","usgsCitation":"Markstrom, S.L., Hay, L.E., and Clark, M., 2016, Towards simplification of hydrologic modeling: Identification of dominant processes: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 20, p. 4655-4671, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4655-2016.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"4655","endPage":"4671","ipdsId":"IP-076154","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4655-2016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58468ae8e4b04fc80e5236bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":146553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Martyn P.","contributorId":21445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Martyn P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178688,"text":"70178688 - 2016 - Potential effects of drought on carrying capacity for wintering waterfowl in the Central Valley of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-06T10:01:53","indexId":"70178688","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of drought on carrying capacity for wintering waterfowl in the Central Valley of California","docAbstract":"We used the bioenergetics model TRUEMET to evaluate potential effects of California's recent drought on food supplies for waterfowl wintering in the Central Valley under a range of habitat and waterfowl population scenarios. In nondrought years in the current Central Valley landscape, food supplies are projected to be adequate for waterfowl from fall through early spring (except late March) even if waterfowl populations reach North American Waterfowl Management Plan goals. However, in all drought scenarios that we evaluated, food supplies were projected to be exhausted for ducks by mid- to late winter and by late winter or early spring for geese. For ducks, these results were strongly related to projected declines in winter-flooded rice fields that provide 45% of all the food energy available to ducks in the Central Valley in nondrought water years. Delayed flooding of some managed wetlands may help alleviate food shortages by providing wetland food resources better timed with waterfowl migration and abundance patterns in the Central Valley, as well as reducing the amount of water needed to manage these habitats. However, future research is needed to evaluate the impacts of delayed flooding on waterfowl hunting, and whether California's existing water delivery system would make delayed flooding feasible. Securing adequate water supplies for waterfowl and other wetland-dependent birds is among the greatest challenges facing resource managers in coming years, especially in the increasingly arid western United States.","doi":"10.3996/082015-JFWM-082","usgsCitation":"Petrie, M.J., Fleskes, J., Wolder, M.A., Isola, C.R., Yarris, G., and Skalos, D.A., 2016, Potential effects of drought on carrying capacity for wintering waterfowl in the Central Valley of California: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 7, no. 2, p. 408-422, https://doi.org/10.3996/082015-JFWM-082.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"422","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073695","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/082015-jfwm-082","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58468ae8e4b04fc80e5236c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrie, Mark J.","contributorId":89655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrie","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","contributorId":138999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph P.","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolder, Mike A.","contributorId":6403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolder","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Isola, Craig R.","contributorId":177166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Isola","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yarris, Gregory S.","contributorId":115361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarris","given":"Gregory S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Skalos, Daniel A.","contributorId":64123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalos","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192557,"text":"70192557 - 2016 - Interactive effects between nest microclimate and nest vegetation structure confirm microclimate thresholds for Lesser Prairie-Chicken nest survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-04T14:32:13","indexId":"70192557","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive effects between nest microclimate and nest vegetation structure confirm microclimate thresholds for Lesser Prairie-Chicken nest survival","docAbstract":"The range of Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) spans 4 unique ecoregions along 2 distinct environmental gradients. The Sand Shinnery Oak Prairie ecoregion of the Southern High Plains of New Mexico and Texas is environmentally isolated, warmer, and more arid than the Short-Grass, Sand Sagebrush, and Mixed-Grass Prairie ecoregions in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and the northeast panhandle of Texas. Weather is known to influence Lesser Prairie-Chicken nest survival in the Sand Shinnery Oak Prairie ecoregion; regional variation may also influence nest microclimate and, ultimately, survival during incubation. To address this question, we placed data loggers adjacent to nests during incubation to quantify temperature and humidity distribution functions in 3 ecoregions. We developed a suite of a priori nest survival models that incorporated derived microclimate parameters and visual obstruction as covariates in Program MARK. We monitored 49 nests in Mixed-Grass, 22 nests in Sand Shinnery Oak, and 30 nests in Short-Grass ecoregions from 2010 to 2014. Our findings indicated that (1) the Sand Shinnery Oak Prairie ecoregion was hotter and drier during incubation than the Mixed- and Short-Grass ecoregions; (2) nest microclimate varied among years within ecoregions; (3) visual obstruction was positively associated with nest survival; but (4) daily nest survival probability decreased by 10% every half-hour when temperature was greater than 34°C and vapor pressure deficit was less than −23 mmHg during the day (about 0600–2100 hours). Our major finding confirmed microclimate thresholds for nest survival under natural conditions across the species' distribution, although Lesser Prairie-Chickens are more likely to experience microclimate conditions that result in nest failures in the Sand Shinnery Oak Prairie ecoregion. The species would benefit from identification of thermal landscapes and management actions that promote cooler, more humid nest microclimates.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-16-38.1","usgsCitation":"Grisham, B.A., Godar, A.J., Boal, C.W., and Haukos, D.A., 2016, Interactive effects between nest microclimate and nest vegetation structure confirm microclimate thresholds for Lesser Prairie-Chicken nest survival: The Condor, v. 118, no. 4, p. 728-746, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-16-38.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"728","endPage":"746","ipdsId":"IP-043669","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-16-38.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"118","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc7ce4b06e28e9c23eff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grisham, Blake A.","contributorId":75419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grisham","given":"Blake","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godar, Alixandra J.","contributorId":201107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godar","given":"Alixandra","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178091,"text":"fs20163095 - 2016 - Hampton roads regional Water-Quality Monitoring Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T10:47:01","indexId":"fs20163095","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-02T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3095","title":"Hampton roads regional Water-Quality Monitoring Program","docAbstract":"How much nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended solids are contributed by the highly urbanized areas of the Hampton Roads region in Virginia to Chesapeake Bay? The answer to this complex question has major implications for policy decisions, resource allocations, and efforts aimed at restoring clean waters to Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. To quantify the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended solids delivered to the bay from this region, the U.S. Geological Survey has partnered with the Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD), in cooperation with the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC), to conduct a water-quality monitoring program throughout the Hampton Roads region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163095","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission","usgsCitation":"Porter, A.J., and Jastram, J.D., 2016, Hampton roads regional Water-Quality Monitoring Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3095, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163095.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-080738","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331303,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3095/fs20163095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3095"},{"id":331373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3095/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.02264404296875,\n 37.131855694734625\n ],\n [\n -76.1077880859375,\n 37.201893907733826\n ],\n [\n -76.256103515625,\n 37.246728019617215\n ],\n [\n -76.44424438476562,\n 37.24454160816698\n ],\n [\n -76.57608032226562,\n 37.23579532804237\n ],\n [\n -76.69418334960938,\n 37.21064411993447\n ],\n [\n -76.70379638671874,\n 36.98719701173416\n ],\n [\n -76.66946411132812,\n 36.78399193687661\n ],\n [\n -76.640625,\n 36.65079252503471\n ],\n [\n -76.2506103515625,\n 36.640875904982344\n ],\n [\n -75.95947265625,\n 36.639773979496574\n ],\n [\n -75.93612670898438,\n 36.712467243386264\n ],\n [\n -75.92926025390625,\n 36.76419177390199\n ],\n [\n -75.96359252929686,\n 36.87302936279296\n ],\n [\n -76.02264404296875,\n 37.131855694734625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
http://va.water.usgs.gov/HRstormwater/
http://va.water.usgs.gov/
Defining the distribution and flow of shallow groundwater beneath the Shinnecock Nation tribal lands in Suffolk County, New York, is a crucial first step in identifying sources of potential contamination to the surficial aquifer and coastal ecosystems. The surficial or water table aquifer beneath the tribal lands is the primary source of potable water supply for at least 6 percent of the households on the tribal lands. Oyster fisheries and other marine ecosystems are critical to the livelihood of many residents living on the tribal lands, but are susceptible to contamination from groundwater entering the embayment from the surficial aquifer. Contamination of the surficial aquifer from flooding during intense coastal storms, nutrient loading from fertilizers, and septic effluent have been identified as potential sources of human and ecological health concerns on tribal lands.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) facilitated the installation of 17 water table wells on and adjacent to the tribal lands during March 2014. These wells were combined with other existing wells to create a 32-well water table monitoring network that was used to assess local hydrologic conditions. Survey-grade, global-navigation-satellite systems provided centimeter-level accuracy for positioning wellhead surveys. Water levels were measured by the USGS during May (spring) and November (fall) 2014 to evaluate seasonal effects on the water table. Water level measurements were made at high and low tide during May 2014 to identify potential effects on the water table caused by changes in tidal stage (tidal flux) in Shinnecock Bay. Water level contour maps indicate that the surficial aquifer is recharged by precipitation and upgradient groundwater flow that moves from the recharge zone located generally beneath Sunrise Highway, to the discharge zone beneath the tribal lands, and eventually discharges into the embayment, tidal creeks, and estuaries that bound the tribal lands to the east, south, and west.
Water levels in many of the wells in the network fluctuated in response to precipitation, upgradient groundwater flow, and tidal flux in Shinnecock Bay. Water level altitudes ranged from 6.66 to 0.47 feet (ft) above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 during the spring measurement period, and from 5.25 to -0.24 ft (NAVD 88) during fall 2014. Historically, annual and seasonal precipitation seem to indicate long-term water level trends in an index well located in the town of Southampton, correlates with changes in storage in the upper glacial aquifer, but does not necessarily indicate water level extremes in the shallow groundwater system. To place the study period in perspective, calendar year 2014 was the 32d wettest year on record, with precipitation for the year totaling 48.1 inches, a 2.6-percent increase from the annual average (46.9 inches per year), based on 81 years of complete record at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service cooperative meteorological station at Bridgehampton, New York. Estimated recharge to the water table beneath the tribal lands from precipitation for 2014 is 25.4 inches.
Tidal flux caused water levels in wells to fluctuate from 0.30 to -0.24 ft during May 2014. Water levels in wells located north of Old Fort Pond and beneath the southernmost extent of the tribal lands were most influenced by tidal flux. During June 2014, hydrographs indicate that tidal flux influenced water levels by 0.48 ft in a well located near the southernmost extent of the tribal lands approximately 0.3 miles north of Shinnecock Bay, and was zero at a well located approximately 0.5 miles south of Montauk Highway, and 0.4 miles west of Heady Creek, near the geographic center of the tribal lands. Tidal-influence delay time (time interval between peak high-tide stage and corresponding peak high-water level) ranged from 1.75 hours at the well located near the southernmost extent of the tribal lands, to more than 4 hours at a well located north of Old Fort Pond, near the northwestern part of the tribal lands.
Estimated hydraulic-conductivity values derived from the results of specific-capacity tests that were completed at nine observation wells during March 2015 were used to calculate average linear velocity. Average linear velocity along conceptualized flow-path segments of the upper glacial aquifer located beneath the tribal lands was estimated using an assumed effective porosity value, and hydraulic-conductivity and hydraulic-head values that were interpolated from measured values. Groundwater travel times were estimated by dividing the length of the flow-path segment by the average linear velocity along the flow-path segment. Total estimated groundwater travel time along a conceptualized flow path, beginning near Sunrise Highway and terminating at Shinnecock Bay, is approximately 45 years using a porosity value of 30 percent.
A surficial-silty unit was identified from approximately 0 to 10 ft below land surface at multiple locations beneath the tribal lands. The lithology of the surficial unit was verified by interpreted gamma log results obtained from select wells, and auger-rig drill cuttings from an observation well located near the geographic center of the tribal lands. The altitude of the unit varies with topography and was delineated along a cross section line that trends north-south along the approximate centerline (spine) of the tribal lands. The altitude of the hydrogeologic contact between the upper glacial and the Magothy aquifers generally decreases from northwest to southeast, occurs at a depth ranging from about 150 to 200 ft beneath the tribal lands, and was identified at two locations north of the tribal lands, near Sunrise Highway and Sebonac Road. Results of electrical geophysical surveys indicate that the depth to the freshwater/saltwater interface decreases from north to south with decreasing water level altitude, and the Magothy and upper glacial aquifers contain saltwater at varying depths along the north-south trending section. Results of the surveys also indicate that the Magothy aquifer beneath the tribal lands contains brackish and salty water and is not considered a source of potable water supply. In general, depth to the interface increases with increasing geographic distance from the coastline. Low water table altitudes can result in increased saltwater encroachment into the surficial aquifer beneath the tribal lands. This upward movement and shallow depth of the freshwater/saltwater interface can jeopardize water quality in wells that supply water for domestic use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165110","isbn":"978-1-4113-4082-4","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Shinnecock Nation and the Suffolk County Department of Health Services","usgsCitation":"Noll, M.L., Rivera, S.L., and Busciolano, Ronald, 2016, Hydrologic assessment of the shallow groundwater flow system beneath the Shinnecock Nation tribal lands, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5110, 44 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165110.\n","productDescription":"Report: ix, 44 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068431","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5110/sir20165110.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5110"},{"id":330720,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5110/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Suffolk County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.50927734375,\n 40.22712123211294\n ],\n [\n -74.50927734375,\n 41.166249339092\n ],\n [\n -71.69403076171875,\n 41.166249339092\n ],\n [\n -71.69403076171875,\n 40.22712123211294\n ],\n [\n -74.50927734375,\n 40.22712123211294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Woody plant encroachment and overall declines in perennial vegetation in dryland regions can alter ecosystem properties and indicate land degradation, but the causes of these shifts remain controversial. Determining how changes in the abundance and distribution of grass and woody plants are influenced by conditions that regulate water availability at a regional scale provides a baseline to compare how management actions alter the composition of these vegetation types at a more local scale and can be used to predict future shifts under climate change. Using a remote‐sensing‐based approach, we assessed the balance between grasses and woody plants and how climate and topo‐edaphic conditions affected their abundances across the northern Sonoran Desert from 1989 to 2009. Despite widespread woody plant encroachment in this region over the last 150 years, we found that leguminous trees, including mesquite (Prosopis spp.), declined in cover in areas with prolonged drying conditions during the early 21st century. Creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) also had moderate decreases with prolonged drying but was buffered from changes on soils with low clay that promote infiltration and high available water capacity that allows for retention of water at depth. Perennial grasses have expanded and contracted over the last two decades in response to summer precipitation and were especially dynamic on shallow soils with high clay that have large fluctuations in water availability. Our results suggest that topo‐edaphic properties can amplify or ameliorate climate‐induced changes in woody plants and perennial grasses. Understanding these relationships has important implications for ecosystem function under climate change in the southwestern USA and can inform management efforts to regulate grass and woody plant abundances.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.1389","usgsCitation":"Munson, S.M., Sankey, T.T., Xian, G.Z., Villarreal, M.L., and Homer, C.G., 2016, Decadal shifts in grass and woody plant cover are driven by prolonged drying and modified by topo‐edaphic properties: Ecological Applications, v. 26, no. 8, p. 2480-2494, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1389.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2480","endPage":"2494","ipdsId":"IP-071685","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.95,\n 31.7\n ],\n [\n -111.3,\n 31.7\n ],\n [\n -111.3,\n 33.79\n ],\n [\n -112.95,\n 33.79\n ],\n [\n -112.95,\n 31.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen T.","contributorId":173297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xian, George Z. 0000-0001-5674-2204 xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L. 0000-0003-0720-1422 mvillarreal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-1422","contributorId":1424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel","email":"mvillarreal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188836,"text":"70188836 - 2016 - Mineralogy, chemistry, and fluid-aided evolution of the Pea Ridge Fe oxide-(Y + REE) deposit, southeast Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T14:49:02","indexId":"70188836","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T14:48:56","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy, chemistry, and fluid-aided evolution of the Pea Ridge Fe oxide-(Y + REE) deposit, southeast Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"The Kiruna-type Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit is hosted by a sequence of 1.47 Ga rhyolite tuffs of the St. Francois Mountains, southeast Missouri, USA. It consists of a series of altered zones composed mainly of amphibole, magnetite, hematite, and quartz, together with the presence of several rare earth element (Y + REE)-rich breccia pipes. In many cases, the fluorapatite within these zones is rich in inclusions of monazite, iron oxide, and quartz inclusions, plus minor xenotime. Monazite and minor xenotime are also found intergrown as inclusions in the fluorapatite, as well as in surrounding recrystallized magnetite and hematite in the magnetite ore. Monazite and xenotime typically occur as inclusions within both oxides. Monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) are both relatively poor (<2 wt %) in ThO2 and UO2. No significant compositional differences exist in the (Y + REE) chemistry between monazite and xenotime inclusions in fluorapatite compared to grains intergrown with magnetite and hematite, suggesting that these two REE-rich minerals are cogenetic. Monazite-xenotime geothermometry and geochronology of monazite inclusions in fluorapatite provide evidence that formation/remobilization of the (Y + REE) phosphates took place at ca. 50° to 400°C, approximately 5 to 10 m.y. after emplacement of the main iron oxide-phosphate orebody. Evidence from field relationships and fluid inclusion chemistry, together with the massive recrystallization and remobilization of fluorapatite, monazite, xenotime, and iron oxides at Pea Ridge, suggest a subvolcanic origin coupled with a strong metasomatic reworking of the IOA deposit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1963","usgsCitation":"Harlov, D.E., Meighan, C.J., Kerr, I.D., and Samson, I.M., 2016, Mineralogy, chemistry, and fluid-aided evolution of the Pea Ridge Fe oxide-(Y + REE) deposit, southeast Missouri, USA: Economic Geology, v. 111, no. 8, p. 1963-1984, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1963.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1963","endPage":"1984","ipdsId":"IP-078372","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -89.9,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -89.9,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc800e4b0f5d57878ec05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlov, Daniel E.","contributorId":193484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harlov","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meighan, Corey J. 0000-0002-5668-1621 cmeighan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-1621","contributorId":5892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meighan","given":"Corey","email":"cmeighan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kerr, Ian D.","contributorId":193485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samson, Iain M.","contributorId":193486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Samson","given":"Iain","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188831,"text":"70188831 - 2016 - Mineral thermometry and fluid inclusion studies of the Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite–rare earth element deposit, Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains Terrane, southeast Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T14:42:35","indexId":"70188831","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T14:42:28","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral thermometry and fluid inclusion studies of the Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite–rare earth element deposit, Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains Terrane, southeast Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"Mineral thermometry and fluid inclusion studies were conducted on variably altered and mineralized samples from the Mesoproterozoic Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite (IOA)-rare earth element (REE) deposit in order to constrain P-T conditions, fluid chemistry, and the source of salt and volatiles during early magnetite and later REE mineralization.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-cathodoluminescence and SEM-backscatter electron images show that quartz and rutile precipitated before, during, and after magnetite and REE mineral growth. Ti-in-quartz and Zr-in-rutile equilibration temperatures range from ≤350° to 750°C in the amphibole, magnetite, hematite, and silicified zones where T increased during magnetite and quartz growth and dropped precipitously after fracturing and brecciation. Late drusy quartz cements within a REE-rich breccia pipe record the lowest T (≤315°–400°C).
Liquid-, vapor-rich, and hypersaline (±hematite, calcite) fluid inclusions are common and liquid CO2 is present locally. Salinities define three populations: saline (10–27 wt % NaCl equiv), hypersaline (34–>60 wt % NaCl equiv), and dilute (0–10 wt % NaCl equiv ). The wide range of eutectic melting temperatures (−67° to −19°C) suggests that saline inclusions trapped variable proportions of a CaCl-MgCl-FeCl-bearing fluid end member and an NaCl-KCl fluid end member. Homogenization temperatures and pressures of these saline inclusions suggest they were trapped when fluids unmixed into brine and vapor at T <350°C, P <15 MPa, and a depth of ~1.5 km. Hypersaline inclusions were trapped at low T and P (~200°C and ~1 MPa) along the V + L + H curve when the system vented to the paleosurface. Data for dilute inclusions in late drusy quartz from the REE-rich breccia pipe are indicative of a boiling epithermal environment.
The Na/Cl, Na/K, and Cl/Br ratios of fluid inclusion extracts provide evidence for mixtures of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and evaporated seawater. Extracts from magnetite, hematite, and pyrite plot in the magmatic-hydrothermal field, indicating that Fe was derived from a magmatic source. Their enrichments in Mg and Ca are consistent with a mafic magmatic source. The positive correlation between Na/Mg and Na/Ca ratios may be due to halite saturation or albitization of igneous rocks. Extracts from barite in the REE-rich breccia pipes are enriched in Na and Br and plot near the seawater evaporation trend.
He is highly enriched relative to Ne and Ar in fluid inclusion extracts, which precludes air as a source of He. Although the He is mostly of crustal origin, pyrite with a 3He/4He (R/RA) of 0.1 contains up to 12% mantle He. Many extracts have low 20Ne/22Ne ratios due to nucleogenic production of 22Ne in high F/O minerals such as fluorapatite or F biotite. The arrays of data for 3He/4He (R/RA) and 22Ne/20Ne suggest that volatiles were derived from two sources, a moderate F mafic magma containing mantle He and a high F silicic magma with crustal He.
Together with other evidence cited in this report, these data (1) support a magmatic hydrothermal origin for the Mesoproterozoic magnetite-apatite deposit with ore fluids derived from a concealed mafic to intermediate-composition intrusion, (2) suggest that the REE minerals in breccia pipes were either derived from apatite or precipitated in response to decompression and cooling during breccia pipe formation, (3) provide evidence for the influx of basinal brine, magmatic fluids from granitic intrusions, and meteoric water after breccia pipe formation, and (4) show that Pea Ridge was relatively unaffected by the late Paleozoic Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb-Zn system in overlying Cambrian sedimentary rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1985","usgsCitation":"Hofstra, A.H., Meighan, C.J., Song, X., Samson, I., Marsh, E.E., Lowers, H.A., Emsbo, P., and Hunt, A.G., 2016, Mineral thermometry and fluid inclusion studies of the Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite–rare earth element deposit, Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains Terrane, southeast Missouri, USA: Economic Geology, v. 111, no. 8, p. 1985-2016, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1985.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1985","endPage":"2016","ipdsId":"IP-076706","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","volume":"111","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc800e4b0f5d57878ec07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meighan, Corey J. 0000-0002-5668-1621 cmeighan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-1621","contributorId":5892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meighan","given":"Corey","email":"cmeighan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Song, Xinyu","contributorId":193465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Song","given":"Xinyu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samson, Iain","contributorId":193466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Samson","given":"Iain","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marsh, Erin E. 0000-0001-5245-9532 emarsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-9532","contributorId":1250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Erin","email":"emarsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":191307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Emsbo, Poul 0000-0001-9421-201X pemsbo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-201X","contributorId":997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"Poul","email":"pemsbo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70179690,"text":"70179690 - 2016 - Changes in pond water levels and surface extent due to climate variability alter solute sources to closed-basin Prairie-Pothole wetland ponds, 1979 to 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T14:25:49","indexId":"70179690","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T14:25:41","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in pond water levels and surface extent due to climate variability alter solute sources to closed-basin Prairie-Pothole wetland ponds, 1979 to 2012","docAbstract":"Wetter conditions beginning in 1993 resulted in marked changes in water levels and surface extent of prairie-pothole region wetland ponds, including closed-basin wetlands in the Cottonwood Lake area of North Dakota, U.S.A. Pond water levels after 1993 were consistently 0.5 to 2 m higher than during 1979–1993 (≤ 1 m deep) in wetlands lacking surface or substantial groundwater outlets, and ponds of some wetlands merged. Pond surface areas after 1993 were as much as twice pre-1993 areas. Weathered glacial till in the inundated uplands provided a source of solutes from the subsurface beyond the extent of the weathered wetland periphery and wetland sediments that existed before 1993. Increased pond peripheries also provided for more movement of solutes from shallow groundwater into wetland ponds during the wetter period. Long periods of higher water levels during pronounced wetter conditions can be associated with increased specific conductance for some wetland ponds. In wetlands receiving no groundwater input, specific conductance values of ponded waters were indistinguishable between wetter and preceding conditions. Thus, changes in specific conductance in wetland ponds during wetter climate conditions cannot be assumed to be uniform, a result of changing watershed solute sources.
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This note re-examines that price relationship for the period 2009–2014. Over the period 2006–2014, there was also rapid growth in North American light oil production from low-permeability carbonate, sandstone, and shale reservoirs. During that period, Canadian raw bitumen production grew by more than 12% per year and there was significant geographical diversification in its markets. Results of the statistical analysis showed that the change in the dynamic relationships between bitumen prices and Hardesty light oil prices probably reflected, in part, the maturation of bitumen markets and closer integration with North American light oil markets. The analysis also examines the dynamic relationships between bitumen prices and West Texas Intermediate and Brent international benchmark crude oil prices. Ideally, if bitumen prices are found to be closely related to a widely traded benchmark crude oil, the benchmark crude oil price forecasts could be used as a basis for predicting bitumen prices. However, neither of international benchmark crude oils tested had high explanatory power.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-016-9298-z","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., 2016, Bitumen prices and structural changes in North American crude oil markets: Natural Resources Research, v. 25, no. 4, p. 487-496, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-016-9298-z.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"496","ipdsId":"IP-060092","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ad37e4b034bf6a7e718c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188479,"text":"70188479 - 2016 - Post-fire debris flows in southern California: Science, prediction, and implications for practitioners","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T13:07:57.879943","indexId":"70188479","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T11:19:27","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"34","title":"Post-fire debris flows in southern California: Science, prediction, and implications for practitioners","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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