{"pageNumber":"1048","pageRowStart":"26175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46735,"records":[{"id":70025214,"text":"70025214 - 2003 - Land use and land cover change in the North Central Appalachians ecoregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:18:53","indexId":"70025214","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3028,"text":"Pennsylvania Geographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use and land cover change in the North Central Appalachians ecoregion","docAbstract":"The North Central Appalachians ecoregion, spanning northern Pennsylvania and southern New York, has a long history of land use and land cover change. Turn-of-the-century logging dramatically altered the natural landscape of the ecoregion, but subsequent regeneration returned the ecoregion to a forest dominated condition. To understand contemporary land use and land cover changes, the U.S. Geological Survey with NASA and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency used a random sample of satellite remotely sensed data for 1973, 1980, 1986, 1992, and 2000 to estimate the rates and assess the primary drivers of change in the North Central Appalachians. The overall change was 6.2%. The 1973-1980 period had the lowest rate of change (1.5%); the highest rate (2.9%) occurred during the 1992-2000 period. The primary conversions were deforestation through harvesting and natural disturbance (i.e., tornados) followed by regeneration, and conversion of forests to mining and urban lands. The primary drivers of the change included changes in access, energy and forest prices, and attitudes toward the environment.","language":"English","issn":"05535980","usgsCitation":"Napton, D., Sohl, T.L., Auch, R.F., and Loveland, T., 2003, Land use and land cover change in the North Central Appalachians ecoregion: Pennsylvania Geographer, v. 41, no. 2, p. 46-66.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a42ebe4b0c8380cd65fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Napton, D.E.","contributorId":23720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Napton","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":76419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auch, Roger F. 0000-0002-5382-5044","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-5044","contributorId":90519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auch","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025217,"text":"70025217 - 2003 - Effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the re-establishment of bioluminescence and copper or SDS toxicity in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula using bioluminescence as an endpoint","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025217","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the re-establishment of bioluminescence and copper or SDS toxicity in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula using bioluminescence as an endpoint","docAbstract":"Pyrocystis lunula is a unicellular, marine, photoautotrophic, bioluminescent dinoflagellate. This organism is used in the Lumitox ?? bioassay with inhibition of bioluminescence re-establishment as the endpoint. Experiments determined if acute changes in pH, salinity, or temperature had an effect on the organisms' ability to re-establish bioluminescence, or on the bioassay's potential to detect sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and copper toxicity. The re-establishment of bioluminescence itself was not very sensitive to changes in pH within the pH 6-10 range, though reducing pH from 8 to levels below 6 decreased this capacity. Increasing the pH had little effect on Cu or SDS toxicity, but decreasing the pH below 7 virtually eliminated the toxicity of either compound in the bioassay. Lowering the salinity from 33 to 27??? or less resulted in a substantial decrease in re-establishment of bioluminescence, while increasing the salinity to 43 or 48 ??? resulted in a small decline. Salinity had little influence on the bioassay's quantification of Cu toxicity, while the data showed a weak negative relationship between SDS toxicity and salinity. Re-establishment of bioluminescence showed a direct dependence on temperature, but only at 10??C did temperature have an obvious effect on the toxicity of Cu in this bioassay. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00059-9","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Craig, J., Klerks, P., Heimann, K., and Waits, J., 2003, Effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the re-establishment of bioluminescence and copper or SDS toxicity in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula using bioluminescence as an endpoint: Environmental Pollution, v. 125, no. 2, p. 267-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00059-9.","startPage":"267","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209585,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00059-9"},{"id":236215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07bbe4b0c8380cd517d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, J.M.","contributorId":39566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klerks, P.L.","contributorId":24396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klerks","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heimann, K.","contributorId":84552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, J.L.","contributorId":92630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025223,"text":"70025223 - 2003 - Evaluation of an expandable, breakaway radiocollar for white-tailed deer fawns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025223","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of an expandable, breakaway radiocollar for white-tailed deer fawns","docAbstract":"We evaluated an expandable, breakaway VHF radiocollar design for use on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from birth to about 1 year of age. A similar collar design has been used on caribou (Rangifer tarandus), but we found that the collar did not expand quickly enough to accommodate increase in neck circumference of fawns during the first 2 months of life. Consequently, we modified the stitching pattern so that the first expansion fold opened faster. We monitored performance of this modification on free-ranging and captive fawns. Also, we collected data on neck growth in fawns to document design requirements of expandable collars for white-tailed deer. Mean neck circumference at ???14 days of age of free-ranging fawns in Pennsylvania was 17.8 cm (SD=1.67, n=62) for males and 17.3 cm (SD=1.50, n=52) for females. Based on measurements of captive fawns, neck circumference increased 8.8 cm from birth to August, 2.5 cm from August to October, and 2.6 cm from October to March. Observations of captive fawns fitted with dummy radiocollars indicated that collars expanded when needed and caused no apparent discomfort to fawns. We detected no problems with use of 86 collars on 113 free-ranging fawns for >270 days and recovered radiocollars expanded as designed. The elastic collar material failed on 3 collars (3%) after 142, 207, and 226 days on fawns, and 1-5 radiocollars (???4%) were cast by fawns. Our modification to this radiocollar design reduced fawn discomfort or suffering, allowing researchers to better comply with principles of the Animal Welfare Act.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, D., Kochanny, C., Vreeland, J., and Wallingford, B., 2003, Evaluation of an expandable, breakaway radiocollar for white-tailed deer fawns: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, no. 3, p. 756-761.","startPage":"756","endPage":"761","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c45e4b0c8380cd52adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":106592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kochanny, C.O.","contributorId":79437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochanny","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vreeland, J.K.","contributorId":22528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vreeland","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallingford, B.D.","contributorId":62726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallingford","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85404,"text":"85404 - 2003 - Wolf population dynamics","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85404,"text":"85404 - 2003 - Wolf population dynamics","indexId":"85404","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"6","title":"Wolf population dynamics"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":93844,"text":"93844 - 2003 - Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation","indexId":"93844","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":93844,"text":"93844 - 2003 - Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation","indexId":"93844","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T11:18:41","indexId":"85404","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Wolf population dynamics","docAbstract":"<p>A large, dark wolf poked his nose out of the pines in Yellowstone National Park as he thrust a broad foot deep into the snow and plowed ahead. Soon a second animal appeared, then another, and a fourth. A few minutes later, a pack of thirteen lanky wolves had filed out of the pines and onto the open hillside.</p><p>Wolf packs are the main social units of a wolf population. As numbers of wolves in packs change, so too, then, does the wolf population (Rausch 1967). Trying to understand the factors and mechanisms that affect these changes is what the field of wolf population dynamics is all about. In this chapter, we will explore this topic using two main approaches: (1) meta-analysis using data from studies from many areas and periods, and (2) case histories of key long-term studies. The combination presents a good picture – a picture, however, that is still incomplete. We also caution that the data sets summarized in the analyses represent snapshots of wolf population dynamics under widely varying conditions and population trends, and that the figures used are usually composites or averages. Nevertheless, they should allow generalizations that provide important insight into wolf population dynamics.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","isbn":"9780226516974","usgsCitation":"Fuller, T.K., Mech, L.D., and Cochrane, J.F., 2003, Wolf population dynamics, chap. 6 <i>of</i> Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation, p. 161-191.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"191","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/W/bo3641392.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfa98","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504507,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boitani, Luigi","contributorId":32454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boitani","given":"Luigi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504506,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Todd K.","contributorId":35700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochrane, Jean Fitts","contributorId":92416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"Fitts","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025329,"text":"70025329 - 2003 - Seismic response analysis of an instrumented building structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025329","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1433,"text":"Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic response analysis of an instrumented building structure","docAbstract":"The Sheraton - Universal hotel, an instrumented building lying in North Hollywood, USA is selected for case study in this paper. The finite element method is used to produce a linear time - invariant structural model, and the SAP2000 program is employed for the time history analysis of the instrumented structure under the base excitation of strong motions recorded in the basement during the Northridge, California earthquake of 17 January 1994. The calculated structural responses are compared with the recorded data in both time domain and frequency domain, and the effects of structural parameters evaluation and indeterminate factors are discussed. Some features of structural response, such as the reason why the peak responses of acceleration in the ninth floor are larger than those in the sixteenth floor, are also explained.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10001301","usgsCitation":"Li, H., Zhu, S., and Çelebi, M., 2003, Seismic response analysis of an instrumented building structure: Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, v. 23, no. 6, p. 31-36.","startPage":"31","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b57e4b08c986b31776c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, H.-J.","contributorId":28041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"H.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, S.-Y.","contributorId":33906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"S.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025993,"text":"70025993 - 2003 - Surface wave tomography of North America and the Caribbean using global and regional broad-band networks: Phase velocity maps and limitations of ray theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025993","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface wave tomography of North America and the Caribbean using global and regional broad-band networks: Phase velocity maps and limitations of ray theory","docAbstract":"We present phase velocity maps of fundamental mode Rayleigh waves across the North American and Caribbean plates. Our data set consists of 1846 waveforms from 172 events recorded at 91 broad-band stations operating in North America. We compute phase velocity maps in four narrow period bands between 50 and 150 s using a non-linear waveform inversion method that solves for phase velocity perturbations relative to a reference Earth model (PREM). Our results show a strong velocity contrast between high velocities beneath the stable North American craton, and lower velocities in the tectonically active western margin, in agreement with other regional and global surface wave tomography studies. We perform detailed comparisons with global model results, which display good agreement between phase velocity maps in the location and amplitude of the anomalies. However, forward modelling shows that regional maps are more accurate for predicting waveforms. In addition, at long periods, the amplitude of the velocity anomalies imaged in our regional phase velocity maps is three time larger than in global phase velocity models. This amplitude factor is necessary to explain the data accurately, showing that regional models provide a better image of velocity structures. Synthetic tests show that the raypath coverage used in this study enables one to resolve velocity features of the order of 800-1000 km. However, only larger length-scale features are observed in the phase velocity maps. The limitation in resolution of our maps can be attributed to the wave propagation theory used in the inversion. Ray theory does not account for off-great-circle ray propagation effects, such as ray bending or scattering. For wavelengths less than 1000 km, scattering effects are significant and may need to be considered.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01866.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Godey, S., Snieder, R., Villasenor, A., and Benz, H., 2003, Surface wave tomography of North America and the Caribbean using global and regional broad-band networks: Phase velocity maps and limitations of ray theory: Geophysical Journal International, v. 152, no. 3, p. 620-632, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01866.x.","startPage":"620","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478527,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2003.01866.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208898,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01866.x"}],"volume":"152","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba166e4b08c986b31f06d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godey, S.","contributorId":39563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godey","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snieder, R.","contributorId":63924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieder","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Villasenor, A.","contributorId":52733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villasenor","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024975,"text":"70024975 - 2003 - Isotopic age of the Black Forest Bed, Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, Arizona: An example of dating a continental sandstone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024975","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic age of the Black Forest Bed, Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, Arizona: An example of dating a continental sandstone","docAbstract":"Zircons from the Black Forest Bed, Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, in Petrified Forest National Park, yield ages that range from Late Triassic to Late Archean. Grains were analyzed by multigrain TIMS (thermal-ionization mass spectrometry), single-crystal TIMS, and SHRIMP (sensitive, high-resolution ion-microprobe). Multiple-grain analysis yielded a discordia trajectory with a lower intercept of 207 ?? 2 Ma, which because of the nature of multiple-grain sampling of a detrital bed, is not considered conclusive. Analysis of 29 detrital-zircon grains by TIMS yielded U-PB ages of 2706 ?? 6 Ma to 206 ?? 6 Ma. Eleven of these ages lie between 211 and 216 ?? 6.8 Ma. Our statistical analysis of these grains indicates that the mean of the ages, 213 ?? 1.7 Ma, reflects more analytical error than geologic variability in sources of the grains. Grains with ages of ca. 1400 Ma were derived from the widespread plutons of that age exposed throughout the southwestern Cordillera and central United States. Twelve grains analyzed by SHRIMP provide 206Pb*/238U ages from 214 ?? 2 Ma to 200 ?? 4 Ma. We use these data to infer that cores of inherited material were present in many zircons and that single-crystal analysis provides an accurate estimation of the age of the bed. We further propose that, even if some degree of reworking has occurred, the very strong concentration of ages at ca. 213 Ma provides a maximum age for the Black Forest Bed of 213 ?? 1.7 Ma. The actual age of the bed may be closer to 209 Ma. Dating continental successions is very difficult when distinct ash beds are not clearly identified, as is the case in the Chinle Formation. Detrital zircons in the Black Forest Bed, however, are dominated by an acicular morphology with preserved delicate terminations. The shape of these crystals and their inferred environment of deposition in slow-water settings suggest that the crystals were not far removed from their site of deposition in space and likely not far in time. Plinian ash clouds derived from explosive eruptions along the early Mesozoic Cordilleran margin provided the crystals to the Chinle basin, where local conditions insured their preservation. In the case of the Black Forest Bed, the products of one major eruption may dominate the volcanic contribution to the unit. Volcanic detritus in the Chinle Formation was derived from multiple, distinct sources. Coarse pebble- to cobble-size material may have originated in eastern California and/or western Arizona, where Triassic plutons are exposed. Fine-grained detritus, in contrast, was carried in ash clouds that derived from caldera eruptions in east-central California or western Nevada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25254.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Riggs, N.R., Ash, S., Barth, A.P., Gehrels, G.E., and Wooden, J.L., 2003, Isotopic age of the Black Forest Bed, Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, Arizona: An example of dating a continental sandstone: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, no. 11, p. 1315-1323, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25254.1.","startPage":"1315","endPage":"1323","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207924,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25254.1"},{"id":233221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f91e4b0c8380cd64605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riggs, N. R.","contributorId":27519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ash, S.R.","contributorId":100925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ash","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barth, A. P.","contributorId":16997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gehrels, G. E.","contributorId":9660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024976,"text":"70024976 - 2003 - Atmospheric deposition maps for the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024976","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric deposition maps for the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Variability in atmospheric deposition across the Rocky Mountains is influenced by elevation, slope, aspect, and precipitation amount and by regional and local sources of air pollution. To improve estimates of deposition in mountainous regions, maps of average annual atmospheric deposition loadings of nitrate, sulfate, and acidity were developed for the Rocky Mountains by using spatial statistics. A parameter-elevation regressions on independent slopes model (PRISM) was incorporated to account for variations in precipitation amount over mountainous regions. Chemical data were obtained from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network and from annual snowpack surveys conducted by the US Geological Survey and National Park Service, in cooperation with other Federal, State and local agencies. Surface concentration maps were created by ordinary kriging in a geographic information system, using a local trend and mathematical model to estimate the spatial variance. Atmospheric-deposition maps were constructed at 1-km resolution by multiplying surface concentrations from the kriged grid and estimates of precipitation amount from the PRISM model. Maps indicate an increasing spatial trend in concentration and deposition of the modeled constituents, particularly nitrate and sulfate, from north to south throughout the Rocky Mountains and identify hot-spots of atmospheric deposition that result from combined local and regional sources of air pollution. Highest nitrate (2.5-3.0kg/ha N) and sulfate (10.0-12.0kg/ha SO4) deposition is found in northern Colorado.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.024","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Nanus, L., Campbell, K., Ingersoll, G., Clow, D.W., and Mast, M., 2003, Atmospheric deposition maps for the Rocky Mountains: Atmospheric Environment, v. 37, no. 35, p. 4881-4892, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.024.","startPage":"4881","endPage":"4892","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.024"},{"id":233222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec0e4b0c8380cd49f19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nanus, L.","contributorId":83239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanus","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":403314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, G.P.","contributorId":36923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clow, D. W.","contributorId":23531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mast, M.A.","contributorId":67871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025338,"text":"70025338 - 2003 - Phylogeny of the owlet-nightjars (Aves: Aegothelidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025338","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogeny of the owlet-nightjars (Aves: Aegothelidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence","docAbstract":"The avian family Aegothelidae (Owlet-nightjars) comprises nine extant species and one extinct species, all of which are currently classified in a single genus, Aegotheles. Owlet-nightjars are secretive nocturnal birds of the South Pacific. They are relatively poorly studied and some species are known from only a few specimens. Furthermore, their confusing morphological variation has made it difficult to cluster existing specimens unambiguously into hierarchical taxonomic units. Here we sample all extant owlet-nightjar species and all but three currently recognized subspecies. We use DNA extracted primarily from museum specimens to obtain mitochondrial gene sequences and construct a molecular phylogeny. Our phylogeny suggests that most species are reciprocally monophyletic, however A. albertisi appears paraphyletic. Our data also suggest splitting A. bennettii into two species and splitting A. insignis and A. tatei as suggested in another recent paper. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00135-0","issn":"10557903","usgsCitation":"Dumbacher, J., Pratt, T., and Fleischer, R., 2003, Phylogeny of the owlet-nightjars (Aves: Aegothelidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 29, no. 3, p. 540-549, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00135-0.","startPage":"540","endPage":"549","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209392,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00135-0"},{"id":235779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a56e4b0c8380cd78e7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumbacher, J.P.","contributorId":27984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumbacher","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T.K.","contributorId":13717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleischer, R.C.","contributorId":82259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025340,"text":"70025340 - 2003 - Safety of Aquaflor (florfenicol, 50% Type A Medicated Article), administered in feed to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-15T14:59:02.863119","indexId":"70025340","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3607,"text":"Toxicologic Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Safety of Aquaflor (florfenicol, 50% Type A Medicated Article), administered in feed to channel catfish, <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>","title":"Safety of Aquaflor (florfenicol, 50% Type A Medicated Article), administered in feed to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus","docAbstract":"<p>Aquaflor, a feed premix containing the broad spectrum antibacterial agent florfenicol (50% w/w), is being developed for use to control enteric septicemia (ESC) in channel catfish<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ictalurus punctatus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>caused by the gram-negative enterobacterium<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i>. The recommended dose of Aquaflor to control ESC is 10 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day for 10 days. The study objective was to determine the safety of Aquaflor administered in feed to channel catfish at doses of 0 (control), 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg BW/day for 20 consecutive days. Parameters evaluated included daily mortality, behavioral (appetite, distribution, flight/fright response), and water chemistry observations, initial and terminal weight measurements, and gross and microscopic pathology. Medicated feed consumption was 67—86% of target with group mean doses of 8.5 mg/kg BW/day, 24.6 mg/kg BW/day, and 34.9 mg/kg BW/day. There were no mortalities or clinically observable changes noted at any of the dose levels tested. Aquaflor-related changes were limited to the food consumption and histopathology data. Although Aquaflor-related decreased feed consumption was noted in the 30 and 50 mg/kg BW/day groups, there were no differences in fish growth among the treatment groups. Aquaflor-related histopathology findings were limited to a histomorphologically evident dose-dependent decrease in hematopoietic/lymphopoietic tissue in the anterior kidneys, posterior kidneys, and spleens of channel catfish.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Toxicologic Pathology","doi":"10.1080%2F01926230390241828","issn":"01926233","usgsCitation":"Gaikowski, M., Wolf, J., Endris, R.G., and Gingerich, W.H., 2003, Safety of Aquaflor (florfenicol, 50% Type A Medicated Article), administered in feed to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: Toxicologic Pathology, v. 31, no. 6, p. 689-697, https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01926230390241828.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"697","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafbbe4b0c8380cd8775e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":149357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark P.","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":17931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Jeffrey C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Endris, Richard G.","contributorId":44784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gingerich, William H.","contributorId":36086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025767,"text":"70025767 - 2003 - Phylogeny and biogeography of Pacific Rubus subgenus Idaeobatus (Rosaceae) species: Investigating the origin of the endemic Hawaiian raspberry R. macraei","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-21T16:34:08.638515","indexId":"70025767","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Phylogeny and biogeography of Pacific Rubus subgenus <i>Idaeobatus</i> (Rosaceae) species: Investigating the origin of the endemic Hawaiian raspberry <i>R. macraei</i>","title":"Phylogeny and biogeography of Pacific Rubus subgenus Idaeobatus (Rosaceae) species: Investigating the origin of the endemic Hawaiian raspberry R. macraei","docAbstract":"<p>The endemic Hawaiian raspberries <i>Rubus hawaiensis</i> and <i>R. macraei</i> (both subgenus <i>Idaeobatus</i>) had been thought to be closely related species until recent molecular studies demonstrated otherwise. These studies suggest that they are the products of separate colonizations to the Hawaiian Islands. Affinities of <i>R.</i> <i>hawaiensis</i> to <i>R. spectabilis</i> of western North America were clearly confirmed. However, no clear relation to <i>R. macraei</i> has been published. This study was initiated to examine species of subg. <i>Idaeobatus</i> from the surrounding Pacific region as well as species from other subgenera to better evaluate biogeographic and phylogenetic affinities of <i>R. macraei</i> by means of chromosome analysis and molecular data using the chloroplast gene <i>ndbF</i>. Results show that <i>R. macraei</i> clusters in a clade with species of blackberries, subg. <i>Rubus</i>, and of these it is most closely linked to <i>R. ursinus</i>. Chromosomally, <i>R. macraei</i> is 2<i>n</i> = 6<i>x</i> = 42, a number that would be a new report for subg. <i>Idaeobatus</i>. However, polyploidy is common in subg. <i>Rubus</i>. Analyses indicate that <i>R. macraei</i> and <i>R. hawaiensis</i> are derived from separate colonizations from North America and that similarities between them are due to convergent evolution in the Hawaiian environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawai'i Press","doi":"10.1353/psc.2003.0018","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Morden, C.W., Gardner, D.E., and Weniger, D.A., 2003, Phylogeny and biogeography of Pacific Rubus subgenus Idaeobatus (Rosaceae) species: Investigating the origin of the endemic Hawaiian raspberry R. macraei: Pacific Science, v. 57, no. 2, p. 181-197, https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2003.0018.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"197","costCenters":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Mānoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025349,"text":"70025349 - 2003 - Extension of EMA to address regional skew and low outliers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025349","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Extension of EMA to address regional skew and low outliers","docAbstract":"The recently developed expected moments algorithm [EMA] (Cohn et al. 1997) does as well as MLEs at estimating LP3 flood quantiles using systematic and historical information. Needed extensions include use of a regional skewness estimator and its precision to be consistent with Bulletin 17B and to make use of such hydrologic information. Another issue addressed by Bulletin 17B is the treatment of low outliers. A Monte Carlo study illustrates the performance of an extended EMA estimator compared to estimators that employ the complete data set with and without use of regional skew, conditional probability adjustment from Bulletin 17B, and an estimator that uses probability plot regression to compute substitute values for low outliers. Estimators that use a regional skew all do better than estimators that fail to use an informative regional skewness estimator. For LP3 data, the low outlier rejection procedure results in no loss of overall accuracy, and the differences between the MSEs of the estimators that used an informative regional skew were generally negligible in the skew range of real interest.","largerWorkTitle":"World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceTitle":"World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003","conferenceDate":"23 June 2003 through 26 June 2003","conferenceLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","language":"English","isbn":"0784406855","usgsCitation":"Griffis, V., Stedinger, J., and Cohn, T., 2003, Extension of EMA to address regional skew and low outliers, <i>in</i> World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Philadelphia, PA, 23 June 2003 through 26 June 2003, p. 1863-1872.","startPage":"1863","endPage":"1872","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e43e4b0c8380cd53390","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bizier, P.","contributorId":113211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bizier","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508817,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeBarry, P.","contributorId":111431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBarry","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508816,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Griffis, V.W.","contributorId":29616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffis","given":"V.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stedinger, J.R.","contributorId":90733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedinger","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohn, T.A.","contributorId":84789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025359,"text":"70025359 - 2003 - Use of stage data to characterize hydrologic conditions in an urbanizing environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:16:43.401789","indexId":"70025359","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of stage data to characterize hydrologic conditions in an urbanizing environment","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper presents the results of a study on the use of continuous&nbsp;</span>stage<span>&nbsp;</span>data<span>&nbsp;to describe the relation between urban development and three aspects of&nbsp;</span>hydrologic<span>&nbsp;</span>condition<span>&nbsp;that are thought to influence stream ecosystems - overall&nbsp;</span>stage<span>&nbsp;variability, stream flashiness, and the duration of extreme-</span>stage<span>&nbsp;</span>conditions<span>. This relation is examined using&nbsp;</span>data<span>&nbsp;from more than 70 watersheds&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;three contrasting environmental settings - the humid Northeast (the metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts, area); the very humid Southeast (the metropolitan Birmingham, Alabama, area); and the semiarid West (the metropolitan Salt Lake City, Utah, area). Results from the Birmingham and Boston studies provide evidence linking increased urbanization with stream flashiness. Fragmentation of developed land cover patches appears to ameliorate the effects of urbanization on overall variability and flashiness. There was less success&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;relating urbanization and streamflow&nbsp;</span>conditions<span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the Salt Lake City study. A related investigation of six North Carolina sites with long term discharge and&nbsp;</span>stage<span>&nbsp;</span>data<span>&nbsp;indicated that&nbsp;</span>hydrologic<span>&nbsp;</span>condition<span>&nbsp;metrics developed using continuous&nbsp;</span>stage<span>&nbsp;</span>data<span>&nbsp;are comparable to flow based metrics, particularly for stream flashiness measures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04437.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"McMahon, G., Bales, J., Coles, J., Giddings, E., and Zappia, H., 2003, Use of stage data to characterize hydrologic conditions in an urbanizing environment: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1529-1546, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04437.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1529","endPage":"1546","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf89e4b08c986b329bff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, G.","contributorId":87263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, J. D.","contributorId":21569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coles, J.F.","contributorId":80257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giddings, E.M.P.","contributorId":36348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giddings","given":"E.M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zappia, H.","contributorId":94474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zappia","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025361,"text":"70025361 - 2003 - Longitudinal analysis of bioaccumulative contaminants in freshwater fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T12:46:53","indexId":"70025361","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longitudinal analysis of bioaccumulative contaminants in freshwater fishes","docAbstract":"The National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) was initiated in 1967 as a component of the National Pesticide Monitoring program. It consists of periodic collection of freshwater fish and other samples and the analysis of the concentrations of persistent environmental contaminants in these samples. For the analysis, the common approach has been to apply the mixed two-way ANOVA model to combined data. A main disadvantage of this method is that it cannot give a detailed temporal trend of the concentrations since the data are grouped. In this paper, we present an alternative approach that performs a longitudinal analysis of the information using random effects models. In the new approach, no grouping is needed and the data are treated as samples from continuous stochastic processes, which seems more appropriate than ANOVA for the problem.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1026044220657","issn":"13528505","usgsCitation":"Sun, J., Kim, Y., and Schmitt, C., 2003, Longitudinal analysis of bioaccumulative contaminants in freshwater fishes: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 10, no. 4, p. 419-428, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026044220657.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"428","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209557,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026044220657"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49c0e4b0c8380cd68864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Y.","contributorId":38314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187638,"text":"70187638 - 2003 - Lake Clark sockeye salmon population assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T14:02:25","indexId":"70187638","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Lake Clark sockeye salmon population assessment","docAbstract":"<p>Radio telemetry was used to identify and map sockeye salmon spawning habitats in glacially influenced Lake Clark, Kvichak River watershed, Alaska. Two hundred eighty-two adult sockeye salmon were radio tagged and tracked to spawning grounds. Thirty-five spawning areas were identified, including 18 previously unidentified. Comparison of radio telemetry data with past aerial population surveys indicate sockeye salmon spawning habitat use and distribution in Lake Clark was underestimated, likely due to poor visibility associated with glacial habitats. Although glacially turbid waters are not considered suitable incubation environments because fine sediments can suffocate embryos, more than 60% of radio tagged fish spawned in such waters. Over 50% of identified spawning areas are along the shores of Lake Clark and Little Lake Clark and about 75% of spawning areas are adjacent to private land. Proposed development on these lands could negatively impact critical spawning habitats if protective measures are not in place. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Woody, C.A., Ramstad, K.M., Young, D.B., Sage, G.K., and Allendorf, F., 2003, Lake Clark sockeye salmon population assessment, v, 57 p.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"64","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341135,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static-sf/project_assets/LCP00/Documents/Final%20Rpt.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"publicComments":"Final Report for Study 01-042 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59155bf0e4b01a342e69138c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramstad, Kristina M.","contributorId":172547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramstad","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Daniel","contributorId":58468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":35763,"text":"National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sage, G. Kevin 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":4348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"G.","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allendorf, Fred W.","contributorId":83432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allendorf","given":"Fred W.","affiliations":[{"id":5091,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025554,"text":"70025554 - 2003 - Inferences on the hydrothermal system beneath the resurgent dome in Long Valley Caldera, east-central California, USA, from recent pumping tests and geochemical sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-09T09:59:11","indexId":"70025554","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferences on the hydrothermal system beneath the resurgent dome in Long Valley Caldera, east-central California, USA, from recent pumping tests and geochemical sampling","docAbstract":"Quaternary volcanic unrest has provided heat for episodic hydrothermal circulation in the Long Valley caldera, including the present-day hydrothermal system, which has been active over the past 40 kyr. The most recent period of crustal unrest in this region of east-central California began around 1980 and has included periods of intense seismicity and ground deformation. Uplift totaling more than 0.7 m has been centered on the caldera's resurgent dome, and is best modeled by a near-vertical ellipsoidal source centered at depths of 6-7 km. Modeling of both deformation and microgravity data now suggests that (1) there are two inflation sources beneath the caldera, a shallower source 7-10 km beneath the resurgent dome and a deeper source ???15 km beneath the caldera's south moat and (2) the shallower source may contain components of magmatic brine and gas. The Long Valley Exploration Well (LVEW), completed in 1998 on the resurgent dome, penetrates to a depth of 3 km directly above this shallower source, but bottoms in a zone of 100??C fluid with zero vertical thermal gradient. Although these results preclude extrapolations of temperatures at depths below 3 km, other information obtained from flow tests and fluid sampling at this well indicates the presence of magmatic volatiles and fault-related permeability within the metamorphic basement rocks underlying the volcanic fill. In this paper, we present recently acquired data from LVEW and compare them with information from other drill holes and thermal springs in Long Valley to delineate the likely flow paths and fluid system properties under the resurgent dome. Additional information from mineralogical assemblages in core obtained from fracture zones in LVEW documents a previous period of more vigorous and energetic fluid circulation beneath the resurgent dome. Although this system apparently died off as a result of mineral deposition and cooling (and/or deepening) of magmatic heat sources, flow testing and tidal analyses of LVEW water level data show that relatively high permeability and strain sensitivity still exist in the steeply dipping principal fracture zone penetrated at a depth of 2.6 km. The hydraulic properties of this zone would allow a pressure change induced at distances of several kilometers below the well to be observable within a matter of days. This indicates that continuous fluid pressure monitoring in the well could provide direct evidence of future intrusions of magma or high-temperature fluids at depths of 5-7 km. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00174-4","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Farrar, C.D., Sorey, M., Roeloffs, E., Galloway, D., Howle, J., and Jacobson, R., 2003, Inferences on the hydrothermal system beneath the resurgent dome in Long Valley Caldera, east-central California, USA, from recent pumping tests and geochemical sampling: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 127, no. 3-4, p. 305-328, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00174-4.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00174-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.93936157226562,\n              37.78645343442073\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.10621643066408,\n              37.709899354855125\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.04579162597656,\n              37.61477533148087\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.82469177246095,\n              37.591383348725785\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.62213134765626,\n              37.61586315165877\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.64479064941406,\n              37.67729913640425\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.71551513671876,\n              37.759858513184625\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.93936157226562,\n              37.78645343442073\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ae6e4b0c8380cd62079","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farrar, C. D.","contributorId":71978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roeloffs, E.","contributorId":21680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galloway, D. L. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":31383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howle, J. F. 0000-0003-0491-6203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":66294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jacobson, R.","contributorId":55373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026138,"text":"70026138 - 2003 - Initial river test of a monostatic RiverSonde streamflow measurement system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T18:39:27.205922","indexId":"70026138","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Initial river test of a monostatic RiverSonde streamflow measurement system","docAbstract":"A field experiment was conducted on May 7-8, 2002 using a CODAR RiverSonde UHF radar system at Vernalis, California on the San Joaquin River. The monostatic radar configuration on one bank of the river, with the antennas looking both upriver and downriver, provided very high-quality data. Estimates of both along-river and cross-river surface current were generated using several models, including one based on normal-mode analysis. Along-river surface velocities ranged from about 0.6 m/s at the river banks to about 1.0 m/s near the middle of the river. Average cross-river surface velocities were 0.02 m/s or less.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Seventh Working Conference on Current Measurement; Current and Wave Monitoring and Emerging Technologies","conferenceDate":"March 13-15, 2003","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, California, United States","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/CCM.2003.1194281","usgsCitation":"Teague, C., Barrick, D., Lilleboe, P., and Cheng, R.T., 2003, Initial river test of a monostatic RiverSonde streamflow measurement system, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement, San Diego, California, United States, March 13-15, 2003, p. 46-50, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCM.2003.1194281.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Vernalis","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.34306105965155,\n              37.70722574782812\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.34306105965155,\n              37.564761014880446\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.14427718513983,\n              37.564761014880446\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.14427718513983,\n              37.70722574782812\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.34306105965155,\n              37.70722574782812\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3beae4b0c8380cd62927","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rizoli J.A.","contributorId":128304,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Rizoli J.A.","id":536577,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Teague, C.C.","contributorId":17758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrick, D.E.","contributorId":86483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrick","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lilleboe, P.M.","contributorId":25284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilleboe","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024694,"text":"70024694 - 2003 - Motion of the Scotia sea plates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024694","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Motion of the Scotia sea plates","docAbstract":"Earthquake data from the Scotia Arc to early 2002 are reviewed in the light of satellite gravity and other data in order to derive a model for the motion of plates in the Scotia Sea region. Events with magnitude ???5, which occurred on or near the boundaries of the Scotia and Sandwich plates, and for which Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) solutions are available, are examined. The newer data fill some of the previous sampling gaps along the boundaries of the Scotia and Sandwich plates, and provide tighter constraints on relative motions. Variations in the width of the Brunhes anomaly on evenly spaced marine magnetic profiles over the East Scotia Ridge provide new estimates of Scotia-Sandwich plate spreading rates. Since there are no stable fracture zones in the east Scotia Sea, the mean azimuth of sea floor fabric mapped by sidescan is used to constrain the direction of spreading. 18 new rate estimates and four azimuths from the East Scotia Ridge are combined with 68 selected earthquake slip vectors from the boundaries of the Scotia Sea in a least-squares inversion for the best-fitting set of Euler poles and angular rotation rates describing the 'present-day' motions of the Scotia and Sandwich plates relative to South America and Antarctica. Our preferred model (TLP2003) gives poles that are similar to previous estimates, except for Scotia Plate motion with respect to South America, which is significantly different from earlier estimates; predicted rates of motion also differ slightly. Our results are much more robust than earlier work. We examine the implications of the model for motion and deformation along the various plate boundaries, with particular reference to the North and South Scotia Ridges, where rates are obtained by closure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02069.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C., Livermore, R., and Pollitz, F., 2003, Motion of the Scotia sea plates: Geophysical Journal International, v. 155, no. 3, p. 789-804, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02069.x.","startPage":"789","endPage":"804","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478554,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2003.02069.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207692,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02069.x"},{"id":232850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e8be4b0c8380cd70af0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, C.","contributorId":7443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Livermore, R.","contributorId":45869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livermore","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollitz, F.","contributorId":66449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026143,"text":"70026143 - 2003 - Applicability of tetrazolium salts for the measurement of respiratory activity and viability of groundwater bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:12:29","indexId":"70026143","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2390,"text":"Journal of Microbiological Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applicability of tetrazolium salts for the measurement of respiratory activity and viability of groundwater bacteria","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id8\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id9\"><p>A study was undertaken to measure aerobic respiration by indigenous bacteria in a sand and gravel aquifer on western Cape Cod, MA using tetrazolium salts and by direct oxygen consumption using gas chromatography (GC). In groundwater and aquifer slurries, the rate of aerobic respiration calculated from the direct GC assay was more than 600 times greater than that using the tetrazolium salt 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride (INT). To explain this discrepancy, the toxicity of INT and two additional tetrazolium salts, sodium 3′-[1-(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzenesulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC), to bacterial isolates from the aquifer was investigated. Each of the three tetrazolium salts was observed to be toxic to some of the groundwater isolates at concentrations normally used in electron transport system (ETS) and viability assays. For example, incubation of cells with XTT (3 mM) caused the density of four of the five groundwater strains tested to decline by more than four orders of magnitude. A reasonable percentage (&gt;57%) of cells killed by CTC and INT contained visible formazan crystals (the insoluble, reduced form of the salts) after 4 h of incubation. Thus, many of the cells reduced enough CTC or INT prior to dying to be considered viable by microscopic evaluation. However, one bacterium (<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>) that remained viable and culturable in the presence of INT and CTC, did not incorporate formazan crystals into more than a few percent of cells, even after 24 h of incubation. This strain would be considered nonviable based on traditional tetrazolium salt reduction assays. The data show that tetrazolium salt assays are likely to dramatically underestimate total ETS activity in groundwater and, although they may provide a reasonable overall estimate of viable cell numbers in a community of groundwater bacteria, some specific strains may be falsely considered nonviable by this assay due to poor uptake or reduction of the salts.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00132-X","issn":"01677012","usgsCitation":"Hatzinger, P., Palmer, P., Smith, R.L., Penarrieta, C., and Yoshinari, T., 2003, Applicability of tetrazolium salts for the measurement of respiratory activity and viability of groundwater bacteria: Journal of Microbiological Methods, v. 52, no. 1, p. 47-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00132-X.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00132-X"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec82e4b0c8380cd492ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatzinger, P.B.","contributorId":12663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, P.","contributorId":57634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Penarrieta, C.T.","contributorId":63205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penarrieta","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yoshinari, T.","contributorId":56391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshinari","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025903,"text":"70025903 - 2003 - Lithogeochemistry of Carlin-type gold mineralization in the Gold Bar district, Battle Mountain-Eureka trend, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70025903","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithogeochemistry of Carlin-type gold mineralization in the Gold Bar district, Battle Mountain-Eureka trend, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Gold Bar district contains five Carlin-type gold deposits and four resources for a combined gold endowment of 1.6 M oz [50 t]. The gold deposits are hosted in Devonian carbonate rocks below parautochthonous and allochthonous Paleozoic siliciclastic rocks emplaced during the Early Mississippian Antler orogeny. The district is in the Battle Mountain-Eureka trend, a long-lived structural feature that localized intrusions and ore deposits of different types and ages. The whole-rock geochemistry of four different mineralized and unmineralized Devonian carbonate rock units (two favorable and two unfavorable) were determined and interpreted in the context of the regional geology. A combination of basic statistics, R-mode factor analysis, isocon plots, and alteration diagrams were utilized to (1) identify favorable geochemical attributes of the host rocks, (2) characterize alteration and associated element enrichments and depletions, and (3) identify the mechanism of gold precipitation. This approach also led to the recognition of other types of alteration and mineralization in host rocks previously thought to be solely affected by Carlin-type mineralization. Unit 2 of the Upper Member of the Denay Formation, with the highest Al2O3, Fe2O3 and SiO2 contents and the lowest CaO content, is the most favorable host rock. Based on the high regression coefficients of data arrays on X-Y plots that project toward the origin, Al2O3 and TiO2 were immobile and K2O and Fe2O3 were relatively immobile during alteration and mineralization. Specific element associations identified by factor analysis are also prominent on isocon diagrams that compare the composition of fresh and altered equivalents of the same rock units. The most prominent associations are: Au, As, Sb, SiO2, TI, -CaO and -LOI, the main gold mineralizing event and related silicification and decalcification; Cd, Zn, Ag, P, Ni and Tl, an early base metal event; and MgO, early dolomitization. Alteration diagrams, consisting of X-Y plots of SiO2/Al2O3, K2O/Al2O3, CO2/Al2O3, that documented in classic Carlin-type gold deposits in the region, but the size of the deposits and the intensity of alteration and mineralization are less. The presence of other types of mineralization in the Gold Bar district is also common to most of the other Carlin-type districts located in major mineral belts. The approach used in this study is well suited to the interpretation of multi-element geochemical data from other study areas with superimposed alteration and mineralization. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(02)00142-7","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Yigit, O., and Hofstra, A., 2003, Lithogeochemistry of Carlin-type gold mineralization in the Gold Bar district, Battle Mountain-Eureka trend, Nevada: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 22, no. 3-4, p. 201-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(02)00142-7.","startPage":"201","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208795,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(02)00142-7"},{"id":234793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a483ee4b0c8380cd67d13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yigit, O.","contributorId":54383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yigit","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025907,"text":"70025907 - 2003 - Crystallisation ages in coeval silicic magma bodies: 238U-230Th disequilibrium evidence from the Rotoiti and earthquake flat eruption deposits, Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025907","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crystallisation ages in coeval silicic magma bodies: 238U-230Th disequilibrium evidence from the Rotoiti and earthquake flat eruption deposits, Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand","docAbstract":"The timescales over which moderate to large bodies of silicic magma are generated and stored are addressed here by studies of two geographically adjacent, successive eruption deposits in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. The earlier, caldera-forming Rotoiti eruption (>100 km3 magma) at Okataina volcano was followed, within months at most, by the Earthquake Flat eruption (??? 10 km3 magma) from nearby Kapenga volcano; both generated nonwelded ignimbrite and coeval widespread fall deposits. The Rotoiti and Earthquake Flat deposits are both crystal-rich high-silica rhyolites, with sparse glass-bearing granitoid fragments also occurring in Rotoiti lag breccias generated during caldera collapse. Here we report 238U-230Th disequilibrium data on whole rocks and mineral separates from representative Rotoiti and Earthquake Flat pumices and the co-eruptive Rotoiti granitoid fragments using TIMS and in situ zircon analyses by SIMS. Multiple-grain zircon-controlled crystallisation ages measured by TIMS from the Rotoiti pumice range from 69??3 ka (<63 ?? size fraction) to 76??6 (125-250 ?? fraction), with a weighted mean of all size fractions of 71??2 ka. SIMS model ages from single zircons in pumice range from 50??24 ka to > 350 ka, with a pronounced peak at 70-90 ka. The weighted mean of isochrons is 83??14 ka, in accord with the TIMS data. One glass-bearing Rotoiti granitoid clast yielded an age of 57??8 ka by TIMS (controlled by Th-rich phases that, however, are not apparently present in the juvenile pumices). Another glass-bearing Rotoiti granitoid yielded SIMS zircon model ages peaking at 60-90 ka, having a similar age distribution to the pumice. Age data from pumices are consistent with a published 64??4 ka eruptive age (now modified to 62??2 ka), but chemical and/or mineralogical data imply that the granitoid lithics are not largely crystalline Rotoiti rhyolite, but instead represent contemporaneous partly molten intrusions reflecting different sources in their chemistries and mineralogies. Similarly, although the Earthquake Flat eruption immediately followed (and probably was triggered by) the Rotoiti event, age data from juvenile material are significantly different. A multiple-grain zircon-controlled crystallisation age measured by TIMS from a representative pumice is 173??5 ka, while SIMS model ages range from 70-26+34 ka to >350 ka, with a peak at 105 ka. These age data coupled with previously published geochemical and isotopic data show that the Rotoiti and Earthquake Flat deposits were erupted from independent, unconnected magma bodies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01109-3","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Charlier, B.L., Peate, D., Wilson, C.J., Lowenstern, J.B., Storey, M., and Brown, S., 2003, Crystallisation ages in coeval silicic magma bodies: 238U-230Th disequilibrium evidence from the Rotoiti and earthquake flat eruption deposits, Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 206, no. 3-4, p. 441-457, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01109-3.","startPage":"441","endPage":"457","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208836,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01109-3"}],"volume":"206","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd00e4b0c8380cd4e58c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charlier, B. L. A.","contributorId":45090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charlier","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peate, D.W.","contributorId":25732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peate","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, C. J. N.","contributorId":22096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Storey, M.","contributorId":74882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storey","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, S.J.A.","contributorId":75732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S.J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026033,"text":"70026033 - 2003 - Quantitative PCR analysis of CYP1A induction in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026033","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative PCR analysis of CYP1A induction in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","docAbstract":"Environmental pollutants are hypothesized to be one of the causes of recent declines in wild populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) across Eastern Canada and the United States. Some of these pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins, are known to induce expression of the CYP1A subfamily of genes. We applied a highly sensitive technique, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), for measuring the levels of CYP1A induction in Atlantic salmon. This assay was used to detect patterns of CYP1A mRNA levels, a direct measure of CYP1A expression, in Atlantic salmon exposed to pollutants under both laboratory and field conditions. Two groups of salmon were acclimated to 11 and 17??C, respectively. Each subject then received an intraperitoneal injection (50 mg kg-1) of either ??-naphthoflavone (BNF) in corn oil (10 mg BNF ml-1 corn oil) or corn oil alone. After 48 h, salmon gill, kidney, liver, and brain were collected for RNA isolation and analysis. All tissues showed induction of CYP1A by BNF. The highest base level of CYP1A expression (2.56??1010 molecules/??g RNA) was found in gill tissue. Kidney had the highest mean induction at five orders of magnitude while gill tissue showed the lowest mean induction at two orders of magnitude. The quantitative RT-PCR was also applied to salmon sampled from two streams in Massachusetts, USA. Salmon liver and gill tissue sampled from Millers River (South Royalston, Worcester County), known to contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), showed on average a two orders of magnitude induction over those collected from a stream with no known contamination (Fourmile Brook, Northfield, Franklin County). Overall, the data show CYP1A exists and is inducible in Atlantic salmon gill, brain, kidney, and liver tissue. In addition, the results obtained demonstrate that quantitative PCR analysis of CYP1A expression is useful in studying ecotoxicity in populations of Atlantic salmon in the wild. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00062-0","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Rees, C., McCormick, S., Vanden, H., and Li, W., 2003, Quantitative PCR analysis of CYP1A induction in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 62, no. 1, p. 67-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00062-0.","startPage":"67","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00062-0"},{"id":234584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91f8e4b0c8380cd80594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rees, C.B.","contributorId":7058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"C.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vanden, Heuvel","contributorId":55616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanden","given":"Heuvel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, W.","contributorId":85361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025149,"text":"70025149 - 2003 - Subcellular compartmentalization of Cd and Zn in two bivalves. II. Significance of trophically available metal (TAM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:48:33","indexId":"70025149","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subcellular compartmentalization of Cd and Zn in two bivalves. II. Significance of trophically available metal (TAM)","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstract_block\">This paper examines how the subcellular partitioning of Cd and Zn in the bivalves<i><span>&nbsp;</span>Macoma balthica<span>&nbsp;</span></i>and<i><span>&nbsp;</span>Potamocorbula amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>may affect the trophic transfer of metal to predators. Results show that the partitioning of metals to organelles, Œenzymes¹ and metallothioneins (MT) comprise a subcellular compartment containing trophically available metal (TAM; i.e. metal trophically available to predators), and that because this partitioning varies with species, animal size and metal, TAM is similarly influenced. Clams from San Francisco Bay, California, were exposed for 14 d to 3.5 µg l<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Cd and 20.5 µg l<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Zn, including<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>109</sup>Cd and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>65</sup>Zn as radiotracers, and were used in feeding experiments with grass shrimp<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Palaemon macrodatylus</i>, or used to investigate the subcellular partitioning of metal. Grass shrimp fed Cd-contaminated<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>absorbed ~60% of ingested Cd, which was in accordance with the partitioning of Cd to the bivalve¹s TAM compartment (i.e. Cd associated with organelles, Œenzymes¹ and MT); a similar relationship was found in previous studies with grass shrimp fed Cd-contaminated oligochaetes. Thus, TAM may be used as a tool to predict the trophic transfer of at least Cd. Subcellular fractionation revealed that ~34% of both the Cd and Zn accumulated by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. balthica</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was associated with TAM, while partitioning to TAM in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was metal-dependent (~60% for TAM-Cd%, ~73% for TAM-Zn%). The greater TAM-Cd% of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>than<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. balthica</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is due to preferential binding of Cd to MT and Œenzymes¹, while enhanced TAM-Zn% of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>results from a greater binding of Zn to organelles. TAM for most species-metal combinations was size-dependent, decreasing with increased clam size. Based on field data, it is estimated that of the 2 bivalves,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>poses the greater threat of Cd exposure to predators because of higher tissue concentrations and greater partitioning as TAM; exposure of Zn to predators would be similar between these species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps257125","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Wallace, W., and Luoma, S.N., 2003, Subcellular compartmentalization of Cd and Zn in two bivalves. II. Significance of trophically available metal (TAM): Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 257, p. 125-137, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps257125.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps257125","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"257","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d03e4b08c986b31d5bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, W.G.","contributorId":55588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024637,"text":"70024637 - 2003 - Quantitative analysis of seismic fault zone waves in the rupture zone of the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake: Evidence for a shallow trapping structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024637","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative analysis of seismic fault zone waves in the rupture zone of the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake: Evidence for a shallow trapping structure","docAbstract":"We analyse quantitatively a waveform data set of 238 earthquakes recorded by a dense seismic array across and along the rupture zone of the 1992 Landers earthquake. A grid-search method with station delay corrections is used to locate events that do not have catalogue locations. The quality of fault zone trapped waves generated by each event is determined from the ratios of seismic energy in time windows corresponding to trapped waves and direct S waves at stations close to and off the fault zone. Approximately 70 per cent of the events with S-P times of less than 2 s, including many clearly off the fault, produce considerable trapped wave energy. This distribution is in marked contrast with previous claims that trapped waves are generated only by sources close to or inside the Landers rupture zone. The time difference between the S arrival and trapped waves group does not grow systematically with increasing hypocentral distance and depth. The dispersion measured from the trapped waves is weak. These results imply that the seismic trapping structure at the Landers rupture zone is shallow and does not extend continuously along-strike by more than a few kilometres. Synthetic waveform modelling indicates that the fault zone waveguide has depth of approximately 2-4 km, a width of approximately 200 m, an S-wave velocity reduction relative to the host rock of approximately 30-40 per cent and an S-wave attenuation coefficient of approximately 20-30. The fault zone waveguide north of the array appears to be shallower and weaker than that south of the array. The waveform modelling also indicates that the seismic trapping structure below the array is centred approximately 100 m east of the surface break.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02109.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Peng, Z., Ben-Zion, Y., Michael, A., and Zhu, L., 2003, Quantitative analysis of seismic fault zone waves in the rupture zone of the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake: Evidence for a shallow trapping structure: Geophysical Journal International, v. 155, no. 3, p. 1021-1041, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02109.x.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1041","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207849,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02109.x"},{"id":233093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91ffe4b0c8380cd805c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peng, Z.","contributorId":95598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ben-Zion, Y.","contributorId":22918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-Zion","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhu, L.","contributorId":58055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025616,"text":"70025616 - 2003 - Three-dimensional imaging of buried objects in very lossy earth by inversion of VETEM data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70025616","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional imaging of buried objects in very lossy earth by inversion of VETEM data","docAbstract":"The very early time electromagnetic system (VETEM) is an efficient tool for the detection of buried objects in very lossy earth, which allows a deeper penetration depth compared to the ground-penetrating radar. In this paper, the inversion of VETEM data is investigated using three-dimensional (3-D) inverse scattering techniques, where multiple frequencies are applied in the frequency range from 0-5 MHz. For small and moderately sized problems, the Born approximation and/or the Born iterative method have been used with the aid of the singular value decomposition and/or the conjugate gradient method in solving the linearized integral equations. For large-scale problems, a localized 3-D inversion method based on the Born approximation has been proposed for the inversion of VETEM data over a large measurement domain. Ways to process and to calibrate the experimental VETEM data are discussed to capture the real physics of buried objects. Reconstruction examples using synthesized VETEM data and real-world VETEM data are given to test the validity and efficiency of the proposed approach.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2003.815974","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Cui, T., Aydiner, A., Chew, W., Wright, D., and Smith, D., 2003, Three-dimensional imaging of buried objects in very lossy earth by inversion of VETEM data: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 41, no. 10 PART I, p. 2197-2210, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.815974.","startPage":"2197","endPage":"2210","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209529,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.815974"},{"id":236090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"10 PART I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb32ee4b08c986b325c29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cui, T.J.","contributorId":72552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aydiner, A.A.","contributorId":76088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aydiner","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chew, W.C.","contributorId":19730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, D.V.","contributorId":31143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}