The Upper Auglaize Watershed agricultural non-point source modeling project was an interagency effort to use a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based modeling approach for assessing and reducing pollution from agricultural runoff and other non-point sources. This project applied the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service’s AGricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) suite of models to the Upper Auglaize River Watershed, a major watershed within the Maumee River Basin. This modeling project was conducted by an interagency team consisting of a partnership between the: (1) USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS); (2) USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS); (3) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE); (4) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); (5) Ohio State University; (6) University of Toledo (UT); (7) Heidelberg College; (8) Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR), Division of Soil and Water Conservation; (9) Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA); and (10) Allen, Auglaize, Van Wert, and Putnam Soil and Water Conservation Districts. The partnership was the first step in a process to eventually apply the model in a portioned subset of watersheds for the Maumee Basin, and then to link them to form a comprehensive basin-wide model This work was performed under the authority of Section 516(e) of the Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) of 1996, as amended, for the purpose of assisting State and local watershed managers with their evaluation, prioritization and implementation of alternatives for soil conservation, sediment trapping and non-point source pollution prevention in the Upper Auglaize River watershed.
The project team, working in a cooperative effort, used the models to determine sediment sources, contributing locations, and the effect of application of best management practices (BMPs) on rates of sediment delivery to the mouth of the watershed. The results will be used to guide conservation incentive and land treatment programs. The team relied heavily on Geographic Information System (GIS)-based applications to expedite the application of the model.
The results of the analysis demonstrated that the application of BMPs would have a positive effect on reducing the loadings of sediment leaving the mouth of the Upper Auglaize Watershed. An application of 17 percent new no-till acres and eight percent new grassland acres, when randomly applied to the watershed, reduced loadings at the mouth to 82 percent of the simulated existing condition loadings. No-till, conversion of cropland to grassland, other uses including grass buffers, and reforestation of parts of the watershed, were all shown by the model to have a measurable effect on reducing sediment loads. Conversion of all of the cropland in the watershed to no-till would reduce the average unit load (tons of sediment per acre) leaving the mouth of the watershed to a level that is 42 percent of the simulated existing condition load.
Ephemeral gullies were found to be the primary source of erosion (72 percent), sediment yield (73 percent), and sediment loading (73 percent). Controlling sediment load means controlling gully erosion and possibly trapping sediment yield before it reaches the stream system. Most BMPs (e.g., no-till, conversion of cropland, etc.) that reduce sheet and rill erosion and its sediment yield will also reduce gully erosion and its sediment yield. However, grassed waterways, which have no effect on sheet and rill erosion, are frequently an effective BMP to prevent ephemeral gullies. And, of course, riparian vegetation and sediment traps would reduce the delivery ratios of all types of landscape erosion.
New techniques were developed by the team to quantify the ephemeral gully erosion within the model. When calibrated to available stream gage data the model suggests that more (73% in the existing condition simulation) of the sediment load originates from ephemeral gully erosion than from traditional sheet and rill erosion. The model quantified the value of tile drainage in reducing the sediment load from the watershed. Loadings under drained conditions were always less than loadings under undrained conditions for otherwise identical land uses. The average sediment load of all alternatives for drained loadings was 89.2 percent of the load for the corresponding undrained loadings. The model established that while many conservation incentive programs treat tile drainage as a production practice, significant erosion and sediment control benefits are provided by the practice in comparison to cultivation in an undrained state.
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In addition, substantial advances have been made in understanding the human health impacts of fine particles, including sulfates and nitrates, which are briefly mentioned here.
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2005 - Results of the acid rain program: Status and trends of emissions and environmental impacts (1990–2002)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70205862,"text":"70205862 - 2005 - Results of the acid rain program: Status and trends of emissions and environmental impacts (1990–2002)","indexId":"70205862","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Results of the acid rain program: Status and trends of emissions and environmental impacts (1990–2002)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70205865,"text":"70205865 - 2005 - National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress: An integrated assessment","indexId":"70205865","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress: An integrated assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70205865,"text":"70205865 - 2005 - National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress: An integrated assessment","indexId":"70205865","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress: An integrated assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-08T16:47:25","indexId":"70205862","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-31T15:26:17","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Results of the acid rain program: Status and trends of emissions and environmental impacts (1990–2002)","docAbstract":"Both SO2 and NOx emissions from power generation sources have significantly declined under Title IV. In 2002, SO2 emissions from Title IV-affected sources totaled 10.2 million tons and NOx emissions from all Title IV-affected sources totaled 4.5 million tons, down 35% and 33% respectively from 1990 levels. Sources in states with the highest emissions continue to reduce their emissions the most, and there have been no significant geographic shifts in emissions. The benefits of these emission reductions include improvements in air quality (which are expected to lead to significant human health benefits), broad-scale reductions in sulfate deposition, and improvements in visibility. While surface waters in some areas have begun to show signs of recovery from acidification, acidification is still occurring in many areas. Although there have been no broad-scale regional reductions in nitrogen deposition, nitrogen deposition has declined in some areas, benefiting some nitrogen-sensitive forests and coastal waters and acid-sensitive lakes and streams.
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U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Lake Houston is a major source of public water supply and recreational resource for the Houston metropolitan area, Texas. Water-quality issues of potential concern for the lake have included nutrient enrichment (orthophosphorus, total phosphorus, nitrite plus nitrate) and aquatic life use (dissolved oxygen). The , in cooperation with the City of Houston, collected water samples from three sites in Lake Houston and from two streams that discharge to the lake during 2000–2004. Nitrogen compounds, phosphorus, suspended sediment, organic carbon, turbidity, chlorophyll-a, and selected pesticide compounds in water were assessed for all sites. Waterquality conditions of the lake and inflow streams were assessed, and loads and yields were computed for selected constituents in the streams. Selected constituents from samples collected in Lake Houston during 1990–2004 were tested for trends. The three sites sampled in Lake Houston characterized water available to the City of Houston pumping station (site AC), water entering the lake from the largely rural eastern subbasin (site EC), and water entering the lake from the more urbanized, western subbasin (site FC). Most constituent concentrations were largest at site FC, smallest at site EC, and intermediate at site AC. Organic nitrogen was the dominant form of nitrogen in samples collected at all sites. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations were largest at site FC. Total phosphorus concentrations in all samples were larger than that recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to limit aquatic growth in reservoirs. There was a wide range in suspended-sediment concentrations and turbidity in the lake. Twelve pesticides were detected. Atrazine and its breakdown product, 2-chloro-4-isopropylamino-6-amino-s-triazine (CIAT), were the most commonly detected pesticides; concentrations of atrazine were larger than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 3.0 micrograms per liter in two samples at site FC. The relative contributions to the water quality of Lake Houston from the eastern and western subbasins were examined by collecting water samples in Cypress Creek and East Fork San Jacinto River. Nitrate and pesticide concentrations were larger in Cypress Creek than in East Fork San Jacinto River. In Cypress Creek, nitrate was the primary form of nitrogen at low flows. Atrazine exceeded 3.0 micrograms per liter in three of 17 samples, with the maximum measured concentration of 21.3 micrograms per liter. In East Fork San Jacinto River, organic nitrogen was the primary form of nitrogen. Atrazine was detected in six of 15 samples. The maximum atrazine concentration was 0.233 microgram per liter. Constituent yields allowed direct comparison of loads from Cypress Creek and East Fork San Jacinto River. In Cypress Creek, storm yields of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen for high flows ranged from 8 to 45 pounds per square mile per day; in East Fork San Jacinto River, the maximum storm yield for high flows was 1.47 pounds per square mile per day. At low flows, the median daily yield of dissolved phosphorus from Cypress Creek was 84 times larger than the median daily yield from East Fork San Jacinto River; at high flows, it was 16 times larger. At high flows, the maximum daily yield of atrazine from Cypress Creek was 460 times larger than the maximum daily yield at high flows from East Fork San Jacinto River. The concentrations of most constituents at Lake Houston sites showed no trend during 1990–2004; however, significant trends overall or for particular seasons, or both, were detected at some sites for nitrite plus nitrate, dissolved phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, chlorophyll-a, and diazinon (2000–2004 data only for diazinon).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055241","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Sneck-Fahrer, D.A., Milburn, M.S., East, J., and Oden, J.H., 2005, Water-quality assessment of Lake Houston near Houston, Texas, 2000-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5241, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055241.","productDescription":"64 p.","numberOfPages":"64","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055241.PNG"},{"id":415302,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86770.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7300,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5241/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lake Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.9167,\n 29.9022\n ],\n [\n -94.9167,\n 30.7667\n ],\n [\n -95.9733,\n 30.7667\n ],\n [\n -95.9733,\n 29.9022\n ],\n [\n -94.9167,\n 29.9022\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sneck-Fahrer, Debra A.","contributorId":43844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneck-Fahrer","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milburn, Matthew S.","contributorId":53896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milburn","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"East, Jeffery W. jweast@usgs.gov","contributorId":1683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Jeffery W.","email":"jweast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oden, Jeannette H. 0000-0002-6473-1553 jhoden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6473-1553","contributorId":1152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"Jeannette","email":"jhoden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79006,"text":"wdrNY043 - 2005 - Water Resources Data New York Water Year 2004, Volume 3: Western New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T15:49:16","indexId":"wdrNY043","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NY-04-3","title":"Water Resources Data New York Water Year 2004, Volume 3: Western New York","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2004 water year for Western New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; ground-water levels and water quality; and quantity and chemical quality of precipitation. This volume contains records for water discharge at 71 gaging stations; stage only at 15 gaging stations; stage and contents at 6 gaging stations; water quality at 12 gaging stations, 29 wells, and 22 partial-record stations; water levels at 29 observation wells; daily precipitation totals at 1 site, and chemical quality of precipitation at 1 site. Also included are data for 38 crest-stage partial-record stations. Locations of these sites are shown on figure 1. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as measurements made at miscellaneous sites. Surface-water, ground-water, and water-quality data at all sites are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST), unless otherwise noted. These data together with the data in Volumes 1 and 2 represent that part of the National Water Information System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in New York.
","language":"English","publisher":" U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New York and other agencies","usgsCitation":"Hornlein, J., Szabo, C., Zajd, H., and Welsh, M., 2005, Water Resources Data New York Water Year 2004, Volume 3: Western New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-04-3, 345 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY043.","productDescription":"345 p.","numberOfPages":"345","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-3/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":8521,"rank":2,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-3/wdrny043.contents.pdf","text":"Contents","size":"635KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2004-NY-04-3"},{"id":325771,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-3/wdrny043.disc.list.pdf","text":"Discontinued Sites","size":"256 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2004-NY-04-3"},{"id":325772,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-3/wdrny043.summary.pdf","text":"Introduction/Cooperation/Summary of Hydrologic Conditions","size":"943 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2004-NY-04-3"},{"id":325773,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-3/wdrny043.text.pdf","text":"Explanantion Text/Definition of Terms/Bibliography","size":"426 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2004-NY-04-3"},{"id":325774,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-3/wdrny043.maps.pdf","text":"State Map","size":"388 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2004-NY-04-3"},{"id":325775,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-3/wdrny043.rept.data.pdf","text":"Surface-water, Water-quality, and Ground-water Data","size":"307 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2004-NY-04-3"},{"id":325776,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-3/wdrny043.index.pdf","text":"Index","size":"342 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2004-NY-04-3"}],"contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Water resources data for the 2004 water year for Long Island New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; stage and water quality of estuaries; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This volume contains records for water discharge at 15 gaging stations; lake stage at 7 gaging stations; tide stage at 6 gaging stations; and water levels at 478 observation wells. Also included are data for 10 low-flow partial record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data, together with the data in volumes 1 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Federal, and other agencies in New York.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY042","usgsCitation":"GeSpinello, A., Busciolano, R., Pena-Cruz, G., and Winowitch, R., 2005, Water Resources Data New York Water Year 2004, Volume 2: Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-04-2, 286 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY042.","productDescription":"286 p.","numberOfPages":"286","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-2/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325547,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov//wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-2/05.report.introduction.2004.pdf","text":"Introduction","size":"164 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2004-NY042"},{"id":8520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-2/wdrny042.contents.pdf","text":"Contents","size":"315 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2004-NY042"},{"id":325671,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-2/15.report.index.2004.pdf","text":"Index","size":"79 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2004-NY042"},{"id":325670,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-2/08.figure6a.2004.pdf","text":"Map Showing Location of Data Collection Stations","size":"141 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2004-NY042"},{"id":325548,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov//wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-2/06.report.definitions.2004.pdf","text":"Explanation Text/ Definitions/Lists of Reports","size":"227 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2004-NY042"},{"id":325546,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov//wdr/2004/wdr-ny-04-2/04.disc.list.2004.pdf","text":"Discontinued Surface-Water Discharge Stations","size":"174 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR 2004-NY042"}],"contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Denali National Park and Preserve, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, and Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve have been organized into the Central Alaska Network (CAKN) for the purposes of carrying out ecological monitoring activities under the National Park Services’ Vital Signs Monitoring program.
The Phase III Report is the initial draft of the Vital Signs Monitoring Plan for the Central Alaska Network. It includes updated material from the Phase I and II documents. This report, and draft protocols for 11 of the network’s Vital Signs, were peer reviewed early in 2005. Review comments were incorporated into the document bringing the network to the final stage of having a Vital Signs Monitoring Plan. Implementation of the program will formally begin in FY 2006.
The broad goals of the CAKN monitoring program are to: (1) better understand the dynamic nature and condition of park ecosystems; and (2) provide reference points for comparisons with other, altered environments. The focus of the CAKN program will be to monitor ecosystems in order to detect change in ecological components and in the relationships among the components.
Water quality monitoring is fully integrated within the CAKN monitoring program. A monitoring program for lentic (non-moving water) has been determined, and the program for lotic systems (moving water) is under development.
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Doug","contributorId":192507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilder","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195619,"text":"70195619 - 2005 - Mapping, habitat characterization, and fish surveys of the deep-water Oculina coral reef Marine Protected Area: A review of historical and current research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T12:53:35","indexId":"70195619","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Mapping, habitat characterization, and fish surveys of the deep-water Oculina coral reef Marine Protected Area: A review of historical and current research","title":"Mapping, habitat characterization, and fish surveys of the deep-water Oculina coral reef Marine Protected Area: A review of historical and current research","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/3-540-27673-4_22","usgsCitation":"Reed, J., Shepard, A., Koenig, C., Scanlon, K.M., and Gilmore, R.G., 2005, Mapping, habitat characterization, and fish surveys of the deep-water Oculina coral reef Marine Protected Area: A review of historical and current research, chap. of Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems, p. 443-465, https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27673-4_22.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"465","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0418e4b0da30c1bfccdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, J.K.","contributorId":38031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shepard, A.N.","contributorId":72546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koenig, Christopher C.","contributorId":32099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Christopher C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gilmore, R. Grant Jr.","contributorId":202746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilmore","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Grant","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189658,"text":"70189658 - 2005 - Appendix D: Selected statistical tables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:36:43","indexId":"70189658","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Appendix D: Selected statistical tables","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effective Groundwater Model Calibration: With Analysis of Data, Sensitivities, Predictions, and Uncertainty","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9780470041086.app4","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., and Tiedeman, C.R., 2005, Appendix D: Selected statistical tables, chap. of Effective Groundwater Model Calibration: With Analysis of Data, Sensitivities, Predictions, and Uncertainty, p. 399-406, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470041086.app4.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"399","endPage":"406","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fe0e4b0d1f9f065ab27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189661,"text":"70189661 - 2005 - Calibrating transient and transport models and recalibrating existing models ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:36:23","indexId":"70189661","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Calibrating transient and transport models and recalibrating existing models ","docAbstract":"The methods presented in Chapters 3 to 8 are applicable to models of any system. However, there are special considerations when applying the methods to certain types of models. This chapter discusses three types of models that are of special interest to many scientific and engineering fields: transient models, transport models, and existing models that are to be recalibrated.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effective Groundwater Model Calibration: With Analysis of Data, Sensitivities, Predictions, and Uncertainty","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/9780470041086.ch9","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., and Tiedeman, C.R., 2005, Calibrating transient and transport models and recalibrating existing models , chap. of Effective Groundwater Model Calibration: With Analysis of Data, Sensitivities, Predictions, and Uncertainty, p. 213-259, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470041086.ch9.","productDescription":"47 p. ","startPage":"213","endPage":"259","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fdfe4b0d1f9f065ab12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72787,"text":"sir20055273 - 2005 - Simulation of conservative-constituent transport in the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota and Minnesota, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T13:33:42","indexId":"sir20055273","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5273","title":"Simulation of conservative-constituent transport in the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota and Minnesota, 2003-04","docAbstract":"Population growth along with possible future droughts in the Red River of the North (Red River) Basin will create an increasing need for reliable water supplies. Therefore, as a result of the Dakota Water Resources Act of 2000, the Bureau of Reclamation identified eight water-supply alternatives (including a no-action alternative) to meet future water needs in the basin. Because of concerns about the possible effects of the alternatives on water quality in the Red River and the Sheyenne River and in Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, the Bureau of Reclamation needs to prepare an environmental impact statement that describes the specific environmental effects of each alternative. To provide information for the environmental impact statement, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, conducted a study to develop and apply a water-quality model, hereinafter referred to as the Red River water-quality model, to part of the Red River and the Sheyenne River to simulate conservative-constituent transport in the Red River Basin. The Red River water-quality model is a one-dimensional, steady-state flow and transport model for selected constituents in the Red River and the Sheyenne River. The model simulates the flow and transport of total dissolved solids, sulfate, and chloride during steady-state conditions. The physical model domain includes the Red River from the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail Rivers to the Red River at Emerson, Manitoba, and the Sheyenne River from above Harvey, N. Dak., to the confluence with the Red River.
The Red River water-quality model was calibrated and tested using data collected at 34 sites from September 15 through 16, 2003, and from May 10 through 13, 2004. Water-quality samples were collected during low, steady-flow conditions from September 15 through 16, 2003, and during medium, unsteady-flow conditions from May 10 through 13, 2004. The simulated total dissolved-solids, sulfate, and chloride concentrations generally were within 5 percent of the measured concentrations.
The Red River water-quality model was used to simulate conservative-constituent transport in the Red River and the Sheyenne River for the eight water-supply alternatives identified by the Bureau of Reclamation. For the first set of eight simulations, September 2003 streamflows were used with projected 2050 return flows and withdrawals. For the second set of eight simulations, the September 2003 streamflows were reduced by 25 percent. The simulated concentrations for three of the alternatives generally were lower than for the no-action alternative. Of those alternatives, one would result in a decrease in concentrations for two constituents, one would result in a decrease in concentrations for all three constituents, and one would result in a decrease in concentrations for one constituent and an increase in concentrations for another constituent. For four of the alternatives, the differences between the mean simulated concentrations were less than calibration errors, indicating the effects of those alternatives on water quality in the rivers is uncertain. The effects of reduced streamflow on simulated total dissolved-solids, sulfate, and chloride concentrations were greatest for alternative 2. Reduced streamflow probably has an effect on simulated total dissolved-solids concentrations for alternatives 2, 3, 5, and 7 and on simulated sulfate concentrations for alternatives 2 and 5. Except for alternative 2, reduced streamflow had little effect on simulated chloride concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055273","usgsCitation":"Nustad, R.A., and Bales, J.D., 2005, Simulation of conservative-constituent transport in the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota and Minnesota, 2003-04 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5273, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055273.","productDescription":"89 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352373,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5273/pdf/sir20055273.pdf"},{"id":7282,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5273/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,45.833333333333336 ], [ -100,49 ], [ -94.83333333333333,49 ], [ -94.83333333333333,45.833333333333336 ], [ -100,45.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a2e4b07f02db5bebb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nustad, Rochelle A. 0000-0002-4713-5944 ranustad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5944","contributorId":1811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nustad","given":"Rochelle","email":"ranustad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72797,"text":"ofr20051223 - 2005 - Historical development of the U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic monitoring and investigative programs at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1949 to 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"ofr20051223","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1223","title":"Historical development of the U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic monitoring and investigative programs at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1949 to 2001","docAbstract":"This report is a summary of the historical development, from 1949 to 2001, of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) hydrologic monitoring and investigative programs at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. The report covers the USGS's water-level monitoring program, water-quality sampling program, geophysical program, geologic framework program, drilling program, modeling program, surface-water program, and unsaturated-zone program. The report provides physical information about the wells and information about the frequencies of sampling and measurement. Summaries of USGS published reports with U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) report numbers also are provided in an appendix. This report was prepared by the USGS in cooperation with the DOE.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051223","usgsCitation":"Knobel, L.L., Bartholomay, R.C., and Rousseau, J.P., 2005, Historical development of the U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic monitoring and investigative programs at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1949 to 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1223, viii, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051223.","productDescription":"viii, 93 p.","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.25,43.25 ], [ -114.25,44.25 ], [ -112.25,44.25 ], [ -112.25,43.25 ], [ -114.25,43.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62eabb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knobel, LeRoy L.","contributorId":76285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobel","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rousseau, Joseph P.","contributorId":22030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rousseau","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72795,"text":"sir20045164 - 2005 - Using the tracer-dilution discharge method to develop streamflow records for ice-affected streams in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"sir20045164","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5164","title":"Using the tracer-dilution discharge method to develop streamflow records for ice-affected streams in Colorado","docAbstract":"Accurate ice-affected streamflow records are difficult to obtain for several reasons, which makes the management of instream-flow water rights in the wintertime a challenging endeavor. This report documents a method to improve ice-affected streamflow records for two gaging stations in Colorado. In January and February 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, conducted an experiment using a sodium chloride tracer to measure streamflow under ice cover by the tracer-dilution discharge method. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of obtaining accurate ice-affected streamflow records by using a sodium chloride tracer that was injected into the stream. The tracer was injected at two gaging stations once per day for approximately 20 minutes for 25 days. Multiple-parameter water-quality sensors at the two gaging stations monitored background and peak chloride concentrations. These data were used to determine discharge at each site. A comparison of the current-meter streamflow record to the tracer-dilution streamflow record shows different levels of accuracy and precision of the tracer-dilution streamflow record at the two sites. At the lower elevation and warmer site, Brandon Ditch near Whitewater, the tracer-dilution method overestimated flow by an average of 14 percent, but this average is strongly biased by outliers. At the higher elevation and colder site, Keystone Gulch near Dillon, the tracer-dilution method experienced problems with the tracer solution partially freezing in the injection line. The partial freezing of the tracer contributed to the tracer-dilution method underestimating flow by 52 percent at Keystone Gulch. In addition, a tracer-pump-reliability test was conducted to test how accurately the tracer pumps can discharge the tracer solution in conditions similar to those used at the gaging stations. Although the pumps were reliable and consistent throughout the 25-day study period, the pumps underdischarged the tracer by 5.8-15.9 percent as compared to the initial pumping rate setting, which may explain some of the error in the tracer-dilution streamflow record as compared to current-meter streamflow record. \r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045164","usgsCitation":"Capesius, J.P., Sullivan, J.R., O’Neill, G.B., and Williams, C.A., 2005, Using the tracer-dilution discharge method to develop streamflow records for ice-affected streams in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5164, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045164.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2004_5164.jpg"},{"id":7290,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5164/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ace4b07f02db5c68c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capesius, Joseph P. capesius@usgs.gov","contributorId":698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capesius","given":"Joseph","email":"capesius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, Joseph R.","contributorId":64351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neill, Gregory B.","contributorId":104994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Cory A. 0000-0003-1461-7848 cawillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-7848","contributorId":689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Cory","email":"cawillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72793,"text":"sir20055226 - 2005 - Effects of removing Good Hope Mill Dam on selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Conodoguinet Creek, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T18:54:09.381205","indexId":"sir20055226","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5226","title":"Effects of removing Good Hope Mill Dam on selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Conodoguinet Creek, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The implications of dam removal on channel characteris-tics, water quality, benthic invertebrates, and fish are not well understood because of the small number of removals that have been studied. Comprehensive studies that document the effects of dam removal are just beginning to be published, but most research has focused on larger dams or on the response of a sin-gle variable (such as benthic invertebrates). This report, pre-pared in cooperation with the Conodoguinet Creek Watershed Association, provides an evaluation of how channel morphol-ogy, bed-particle-size distribution, water quality, benthic inver-tebrates, fish, and aquatic habitat responded after removal of Good Hope Mill Dam (a small 'run of the river' dam) from Conodoguinet Creek in Cumberland County, Pa.\r\n\r\nGood Hope Mill Dam was a 6-foot high, 220-foot wide concrete structure demolished and removed over a 3-day period beginning with the initial breach on November 2, 2001, at 10:00 a.m. eastern standard time. To isolate the effects of dam removal, data were collected before and after dam removal at five monitoring stations and over selected reaches upstream, within, and downstream of the impoundment. Stations 1, 2, and 5 were at free-flowing control locations 4.9 miles upstream, 2.5 miles upstream, and 5 miles downstream of the dam, respec-tively. Stations 3 and 4 were located where the largest responses were anticipated, 115 feet upstream and 126 feet downstream of the dam, respectively\r\n\r\nGood Hope Mill Dam was not an effective barrier to sedi-ment transport. Less than 3 inches of sediment in the silt/clay-size range (less than 0.062 millimeters) coated bedrock within the 7,160-foot (1.4-mile) impoundment. The bedrock within the impoundment was not incised during or after dam removal, and the limited sediment supply resulted in no measurable change in the thalweg elevation downstream of the dam. The cross-sec-tional areas at stations 3 and 4, measured 17 days and 23 months after dam removal, were within 3 percent of the area measured before removal. \r\n\r\nSome of the impounded silt/clay at station 3 and other sed-iment in the work area downstream of the dam were initially entrained over the 3-day removal period and deposited on sub-strate at station 4. Remaining silt/clay at station 3 and deposits at station 4 were transported downstream by the flows mea-sured over the 23 months after removal (daily mean flow ranged from 38 to 5,180 cubic feet per second). The median bed-parti-cle size at station 3 increased by approximately 32 millimeters in the 23-month period after removal. Bed-particle-size distri-bution at station 4 became finer when silt/clay was initially deposited but coarsened as high flows flushed it downstream; median bed-particle size was 77.7 millimeters before removal compared to 31.3 millimeters 17 days after removal and 99 mil-limeters 23 months after removal. \r\n\r\nGood Hope Mill Dam had either no effect on water-quality characteristics or the effect was so small it was masked by sea-sonal and periodic variability. Measurements of daily mean temperature, dissolved-oxygen concentration, pH, and specific conductance on a short time scale (every 15 minutes) indicate the daily range of temperature was suppressed under impounded conditions and daily extremes of temperature, dis-solved-oxygen concentration, pH, and specific conductance at station 2 were out of phase by approximately 12 hours with station 3. Once the dam was removed, the pattern at station 3 shifted and converged with the pattern at station 2. The offset before removal may be related to a lag time resulting from a decrease in velocity through the impoundment. \r\n\r\nTotal nitrogen and suspended-sediment concentrations increased upon the initial dam breach but were within the range of concentrations measured from March 2001 through April 2002 over varying flow conditions at station 1. Total nitrogen concentration at station 4 was 4.66 milligrams per liter upon the initial breach of the dam,","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055226","usgsCitation":"Chaplin, J.J., Brightbill, R.A., and Bilger, M.D., 2005, Effects of removing Good Hope Mill Dam on selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Conodoguinet Creek, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5226, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055226.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422351,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75446.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7289,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5226/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":193341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Cumberland County","otherGeospatial":"Conodoguinet Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.01244410668107,\n 40.26968434104131\n ],\n [\n -77.01244410668107,\n 40.23238079367178\n ],\n [\n -76.92239289126732,\n 40.23238079367178\n ],\n [\n -76.92535510230088,\n 40.28550398189944\n ],\n [\n -77.01244410668107,\n 40.26968434104131\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6117a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaplin, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-0617-5050 jchaplin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-5050","contributorId":147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaplin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jchaplin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brightbill, Robin A. 0000-0003-4683-9656 rabright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-9656","contributorId":618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","email":"rabright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bilger, Michael D.","contributorId":13589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72788,"text":"sir20055217 - 2005 - Base flow in the Great Lakes Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T12:55:17","indexId":"sir20055217","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5217","title":"Base flow in the Great Lakes Basin","docAbstract":"Hydrograph separations were performed using the PART, HYSEP 1, 2, and 3, BFLOW and UKIH methods on 104,293 years of daily streamflow records from 3,936 streamflow-gaging stations in Ontario, Canada and the eight Great Lakes States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin to estimate base-flow index (BFI) and base flow. BFI ranged an average of 0.24 BFI depending on which hydrograph-separation method was used. BFI data from 959 selected streamflow-gaging stations with a combined 28,784 years of daily streamflow data were used to relate BFI to surficial geology and the proportion of surface water within the gaged watersheds. This relation was then used to derive estimates of BFI throughout the Great Lakes, Ottawa River, and upper St. Lawrence River Basins at a scale of 8-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) watersheds for the U.S. and tertiary watersheds in Canada. This process was repeated for each of the six hydrograph-separation methods used. When applied to gaged watersheds, model results predicted observed base flow within 0.2 BFI up to 94 percent of the time. Estimates of long-term (length of streamflow record) average annual streamflow in each HUC and tertiary watershed were calculated and used to determine average annual base flow from BFI estimates. Possibilities for future study based on results from this study include long-term trend analysis of base flow and improving the scale at which base-flow estimates can be made.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Suvey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055217","usgsCitation":"Neff, B., Day, S., Piggott, A., and Fuller, L.M., 2005, Base flow in the Great Lakes Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5217, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055217.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055217.JPG"},{"id":7284,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5217/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes 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M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72785,"text":"sir20055202 - 2005 - Assessment, water-quality trends, and options for remediation of acidic drainage from abandoned coal mines near Huntsville, Missouri, 2003-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"sir20055202","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5202","title":"Assessment, water-quality trends, and options for remediation of acidic drainage from abandoned coal mines near Huntsville, Missouri, 2003-2004","docAbstract":"Water from abandoned underground coal mines acidifies receiving streams in the Sugar Creek Basin and Mitchell Mine Basin near Huntsville, Missouri. A 4.35-kilometer (2.7-mile) reach of Sugar Creek has been classified as impaired based on Missouri's Water Quality Standards because of small pH values [< (less than) 6.5]. Samples collected from Sugar Creek from July 2003 to June 2004 did not have pH values outside of the specified range of 6.5 to 9.0. However, large concentrations of iron [416 to 2,320 mg/L (milligrams per liter)], manganese (8.36 to 33.5 mg/L), aluminum (0.870 to 428 mg/L), and sulfate (2,990 to 13,700 mg/L) in acidic mine drainage (AMD) from two mine springs as well as small and diffuse seeps were observed to have an effect on water quality in Sugar Creek. Metal and sulfate loads increased and pH decreased immediately downstream from Sugar Creek's confluence with the Calfee Slope and Huntsville Gob drainages that discharge AMD into Sugar Creek. Similar effects were observed in the Mitchell Mine drainage that receives AMD from a large mine spring. Comparisons of water-quality samples from this study and two previous studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1987-1988 and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources in 2000-2002 indicate that AMD generation in the Sugar Creek Basin and Mitchell Mine Basin is declining, but the data are insufficient to quantify any trends or time frame. AMD samples from the largest mine spring in the Calfee Slope subbasin indicated a modest but significant increase in median pH from 4.8 to 5.2 using the Wilcoxan rank-sum test (p <0.05) and a decrease in median specific conductance from 5,000 to 3,540 ?S/cm (microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius) during a 17-year period. AMD samples from the largest mine spring in the Mitchell Mine Basin indicated an increase in median pH values from 5.6 to 6.0 and a decrease in median specific conductance from 3,050 to 2,450 ?S/cm during the same period.\r\n\r\nRemediation of AMD at or near the sites of the three largest mine springs is geochemically feasible based on alkalinity addition rates and increased pH determined by cubitainer experiments and geochemical mixing experiments using the computer model PHREEQCI. Alkalinity values for seven cubitainer experiments conducted to simulate anoxic treatment options exceeded the targeted value for alkalinity [90 mg/L as calcium carbonate (CaCO3)] specified in Missouri's Total Maximum Daily Load program by 18 percent or more, but maximum pH values were between 6.2 and 6.3, which is less than the targeted pH value of 6.5. Treatment of AMD by mixing with stream water or sewage effluent can further increase pH as indicated by geochemical modeling, but will not totally achieve water-quality goals because of limited discharges. A combination of treatments including settling ponds, oxic or anoxic limestone drains, and possibly successive alkalinity producing systems to remediate AMD will likely be required in the Sugar Creek Basin and Mitchell Mine Basin to consistently meet Missouri's Water Quality Standards.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055202","usgsCitation":"Christensen, E.D., 2005, Assessment, water-quality trends, and options for remediation of acidic drainage from abandoned coal mines near Huntsville, Missouri, 2003-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5202, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055202.","productDescription":"92 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7283,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5202/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92,39 ], [ -92,39 ], [ -92,39 ], [ -92,39 ], [ -92,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ce4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Eric D. echriste@usgs.gov","contributorId":4230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Eric","email":"echriste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72774,"text":"sir20055205 - 2005 - Two-dimensional resistivity investigation of the North Cavalcade Street site, Houston, Texas, August 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T12:46:43","indexId":"sir20055205","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5205","title":"Two-dimensional resistivity investigation of the North Cavalcade Street site, Houston, Texas, August 2003","docAbstract":"The North Cavalcade Street site was first developed for wood treating in 1946. By 1955, pentachlorophenol wood preservation services and other support facilities, such as creosote ponds, pentachlorophenol and creosote storage structures, various tanks, lumber sheds, a treatment facility, and other buildings had been added. In 1961, the property was closed. To protect public health and welfare and the environment from release or threatened releases of hazardous substances, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency added the North Cavalcade Street site to the National Priorities List on October 5, 1984. Between September 1985 and November 1987, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted a remedial investigation which, through exploratory drilling, determined the locations of two contaminated source areas and a normal fault. During August 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, conducted a two-dimensional (2D) resistivity investigation at the North Cavalcade Street site to provide additional characterization of the dense non-aqueous phase liquids and the lithologies that can influence contaminant migration. The 2D resistivity investigation used a capacitively coupled (CC) resistivity method as a reconnaissance tool to locate geophysical anomalies that could be associated with possible areas of creosote contamination. The inversion results of the CC resistivity survey identified resistive anomalies in the subsurface near the eastern and western contaminated source areas. A direct-current (DC) resistivity survey conducted near the CC resistivity survey confirmed the occurrence of subsurface resistive anomalies. The inversion results of the DC resistivity survey were used to define the subsurface distribution of resistivity at each line.
\nForward modeling was used as an interpretative tool to relate the subsurface distribution of resistivity from four DC resistivity lines to known, assumed, and hypothetical information on subsurface lithologies. The final forward models were used as an estimate of the true resistivity structure for the field data. The forward models and the inversion results of the forward models show the depth, thickness, and extent of strata as well as the resistive anomalies occurring along the four lines and the displacement of strata resulting from the Pecore Fault along two of the four DC resistivity lines. Ten additional DC resistivity lines show similarly distributed shallow subsurface lithologies of silty sand and clay strata. Eight priority areas of resistive anomalies were identified for evaluation in future studies. The interpreted DC resistivity data allowed subsurface stratigraphy to be extrapolated between existing boreholes resulting in an improved understanding of lithologies that can influence contaminant migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055205","usgsCitation":"Kress, W.H., and Teeple, A., 2005, Two-dimensional resistivity investigation of the North Cavalcade Street site, Houston, Texas, August 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5205, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055205.","productDescription":"34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":7278,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327267,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5205/pdf/sir2005-5205.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623890","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kress, Wade H.","contributorId":100475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teeple, Andrew 0000-0003-1781-8354 apteeple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-8354","contributorId":1399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeple","given":"Andrew ","email":"apteeple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72764,"text":"fs20053137 - 2005 - Surface-water monitoring in watersheds of the Powder River basin, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"fs20053137","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3137","title":"Surface-water monitoring in watersheds of the Powder River basin, 2005","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053137","usgsCitation":"Clark, M.L., Lambing, J.H., and Bobst, A.L., 2005, Surface-water monitoring in watersheds of the Powder River basin, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3137, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053137.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":7233,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3137/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3137.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.41666666666667,42.5 ], [ -108.41666666666667,47.25 ], [ -102,47.25 ], [ -102,42.5 ], [ -108.41666666666667,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a67a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Melanie L. mlclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Melanie","email":"mlclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambing, John H.","contributorId":64272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambing","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bobst, Andrew L.","contributorId":106590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bobst","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72765,"text":"sir20055230 - 2005 - Simulation of flow and sediment mobility using a multidimensional flow model for the White Sturgeon critical-habitat reach, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"sir20055230","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5230","title":"Simulation of flow and sediment mobility using a multidimensional flow model for the White Sturgeon critical-habitat reach, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","docAbstract":"In 1994, the Kootenai River white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) was listed as an Endangered Species as a direct result of two related observations. First, biologists observed that the white sturgeon population in the Kootenai River was declining. Second, they observed a decline in recruitment of juvenile sturgeon beginning in the 1950s with an almost total absence of recruitment since 1974, following the closure of Libby Dam in 1972. This second observation was attributed to changes in spawning and (or) rearing habitat resulting from alterations in the physical habitat, including flow regime, sediment-transport regime, and bed morphology of the river. The Kootenai River White Sturgeon Recovery Team was established to find and implement ways to improve spawning and rearing habitat used by white sturgeon. They identified the need to develop and apply a multidimensional flow model to certain reaches of the river to quantify physical habitat in a spatially distributed manner. The U.S. Geological Survey has addressed these needs by developing, calibrating, and validating a multidimensional flow model used to simulate streamflow and sediment mobility in the white sturgeon critical-habitat reach of the Kootenai River. This report describes the model and limitations, presents the results of a few simple simulations, and demonstrates how the model can be used to link physical characteristics of streamflow to biological or other habitat data. This study was conducted in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho along a 23-kilometer reach of the Kootenai River, including the white sturgeon spawning reach near Bonners Ferry, Idaho that is about 108 to 131 kilometers below Libby Dam.\r\n\r\nU.S. Geological Survey's MultiDimensional Surface-Water Modeling System was used to construct a flow model for the critical-habitat reach of the Kootenai River white sturgeon, between river kilometers 228.4 and 245.9. Given streamflow, bed roughness, and downstream water-surface elevation, the model computes the velocity field, water-surface elevations, and boundary shear stress throughout the modeled reach. The 17.5 kilometer model reach was subdivided into two segments on the basis of predominant grain size: a straight reach with a sand, gravel, and cobble substrate located between the upstream model boundary at river kilometer 245.9 and the upstream end of Ambush Rock at river kilometer 244.6, and a meandering reach with a predominately sand substrate located between upstream end of Ambush Rock and the downstream model boundary at river kilometer 228.4. Model cell size in the x and y (horizontal) dimensions is 5 meters by 5 meters along the computational grid centerline with 15 nodes in the z (vertical) dimension. The model was calibrated to historical streamflows evenly distributed between 141.6 and 2,548.9 cubic meters per second. The model was validated by comparing simulated velocities with velocities measured at 15 cross sections during steady streamflow. These 15 cross sections were each measured multiple (7-13) times to obtain velocities suitable for comparison to the model results. Comparison of modeled and measured velocities suggests that the model does a good job of reproducing flow patterns in the river, although some discrepancies were noted.\r\n\r\nThe model was used to simulate water-surface elevation, depth, velocity, bed shear stress, and sediment mobility for Kootenai River streamflows of 170, 566, 1,130, 1,700, and 2,270 cubic meters per second (6,000, 20,000, 40,000, 60,000, and 80,000 cubic feet per second). The three lowest streamflow simulations represent a range of typical river conditions before and since the construction of Libby Dam, and the highest streamflow simulation (2,270 cubic meters per second) is approximately equal to the annual median peak streamflow prior to emplacement of Libby Dam in 1972. Streamflow greater than 566 cubic meters per second were incrementally increased by 570 cubic meters per second. For each ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055230","usgsCitation":"Barton, G., McDonald, R.R., Nelson, J.M., and Dinehart, R.L., 2005, Simulation of flow and sediment mobility using a multidimensional flow model for the White Sturgeon critical-habitat reach, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5230, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055230.","productDescription":"64 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7234,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2e60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dinehart, Randal L.","contributorId":21151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"Randal","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72766,"text":"sir20055176 - 2005 - Subsurface occurrence and potential source areas of chlorinated ethenes identified using concentrations and concentration ratios, Air Force Plant 4 and Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field, Fort Worth, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T19:20:22.823292","indexId":"sir20055176","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5176","title":"Subsurface occurrence and potential source areas of chlorinated ethenes identified using concentrations and concentration ratios, Air Force Plant 4 and Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field, Fort Worth, Texas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force Aeronautical Systems Center, Environmental Management Directorate, conducted a study during 2003-05 to characterize the subsurface occurrence and identify potential source areas of the volatile organic compounds classified as chlorinated ethenes at U.S. Air Force Plant 4 (AFP4) and adjacent Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field (NAS-JRB) at Fort Worth, Texas. The solubilized chlorinated ethenes detected in the alluvial aquifer originated as either released solvents (tetrachloroethene [PCE], trichloroethene [TCE], and trans-1,2-dichloroethene [trans-DCE]) or degradation products of the released solvents (TCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene [cis-DCE], and trans-DCE). The combined influences of topographic- and bedrock-surface configurations result in a water table that generally slopes away from a ground-water divide approximately coincident with bedrock highs and the 1-mile-long aircraft assembly building at AFP4.
Highest TCE concentrations (10,000 to 920,000 micrograms per liter) occur near Building 181, west of Building 12, and at landfill 3. Highest PCE concentrations (500 to 920 micrograms per liter) occur near Buildings 4 and 5. Highest cis-DCE concentrations (5,000 to 710,000 micrograms per liter) occur at landfill 3. Highest trans-DCE concentrations (1,000 to 1,700 micrograms per liter) occur just south of Building 181 and at landfill 3.
Ratios of parent-compound to daughter-product concentrations that increase in relatively short distances (tens to 100s of feet) along downgradient ground-water flow paths can indicate a contributing source in the vicinity of the increase. Largest increases in ratio of PCE to TCE concentrations are three orders of magnitude from 0.01 to 2.7 and 7.1 between nearby wells in the northeastern part of NAS-JRB. In the northern part of NAS-JRB, the largest increases in TCE to total DCE concentration ratios relative to ratios at upgradient wells are from 17 to 240 or from 17 to 260. In the southern part of NAS-JRB, the largest ratio increases with respect to those at upgradient wells are from 22 and 24 to 130, and from 0 and 7.2 to 71. Numerous maximum historical ratios of trans-DCE to cis-DCE are greater than 1, which can indicate that trans-DCE likely was released as a solvent and does not occur only as a result of degradation of TCE.
High concentrations of TCE, PCE, cis-DCE, and trans-DCE, abrupt increases in ratios of PCE to TCE and TCE to total DCE, and ratios of trans-DCE to cis-DCE greater than 1 were used to identify 16 potential source areas of chlorinated ethenes at NAS-JRB. The evidence for some of the potential source areas is stronger than for others, but each area reflects one or more of the conditions indicative of chlorinated ethenes entering the aquifer. Potential source areas supported by the strongest evidence are Building 181, between buildings 4 and 5, just west of Building 12, and landfills 1 and 3. The highest historical TCE concentration in the study area, 920,000 micrograms per liter, is near Building 181. The potential source area between Buildings 4 and 5 primarily is identified by notably high PCE concentrations (to 920 micrograms per liter). Primary evidence for the potential source are just west of Building 12 is the notably high TCE concentrations (for example, 160,000 micrograms per liter) that appear to originate in the area. Primary evidence for the potential source area at landfills 1 and (primarily) 3 is the magnitudes of TCE concentrations (for example, two in the 100,000-to-920,000-microgram-per-liter range), cis-DCE concentrations (several in the 5,000-to-710,000-microgram-per-liter range), and trans-DCE concentrations (several in the 500-to-1,700-microgram-per-liter range). The ratio of trans-DCE to cis-DCE at one well in landfill 3 (6.7) is appreciably above the threshold that can indicate likely solvent release as opposed to TCE degradation alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, Aeronautical Systems Center, Environmental Management Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C.A., 2005, Subsurface occurrence and potential source areas of chlorinated ethenes identified using concentrations and concentration ratios, Air Force Plant 4 and Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field, Fort Worth, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5176, v, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055176.","productDescription":"v, 81 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410639,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86712.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341970,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5176/pdf/sir2005-5176.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":7235,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5176/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Fort Worth","otherGeospatial":"Air Force Plant 4, Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.41,\n 32.75\n ],\n [\n -97.46,\n 32.75\n ],\n [\n -97.46,\n 32.79\n ],\n [\n -97.41,\n 32.79\n ],\n [\n -97.41,\n 32.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, C. Amanda 0000-0003-3776-3565 cgarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-3565","contributorId":1899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.","email":"cgarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72767,"text":"sir20045127 - 2005 - Aquifer properties, stream base flow, water use, and water levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"sir20045127","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5127","title":"Aquifer properties, stream base flow, water use, and water levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to define the hydrogeology and describe the ground-water flow in the Pohatcong Valley in Warren County, N.J. near the Pohatcong Valley Ground Water Contamination Site. The area is underlain by glacial till and alluvial sediments and weathered and competent carbonate bedrock. The northwest and southeast valley boundaries are regional-scale thrust faults and ridges underlain by crystalline rocks. The unconsolidated sediments and weathered bedrock form a minor surficial aquifer. The carbonate rocks form a highly transmissive fractured-rock aquifer with well yields commonly as high as 500 gallons per minute. Ground-water recharge and flow in the crystalline-rock aquifer bordering the valley is minor compared to flow in the carbonate-rock aquifer, and little ground water flows into the carbonate-rock aquifer directly from the crystalline-rock aquifer. The thrust faults separating the carbonate and crystalline rocks may further impede flow between the two rock types.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nInterpretations of water-level and transmissivity data collected during 2000 to 2003 indicate that the carbonate formations generally can be considered to be one aquifer. The transmissivity of the carbonate-rock aquifer was estimated from the results of four aquifer tests conducted with two public supply wells. The transmissivity estimated from aquifer tests at a well located in Washington Borough is about 8,600 square feet per day. An aquifer test at a well located near the southwest border of Washington Borough was conducted to estimate transmissivity and the direction and magnitude of anisotropy. The estimated direction of maximum horizontal transmissivity near the second well is about 58? east of north and the magnitude is 7,600 square feet per day. The minimum horizontal transmissivity is 3,500 square feet per day and the ratio of anisotropy (maximum transmissivity to minimum transmissivity) is 2.2 to 1.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nStream base-flow data indicate that Pohatcong Creek steadily gains flow, but most of the gain is from tributaries originating in the crystalline rock areas (valley walls). Therefore, it is concluded there are no major heterogeneities (such as karst springs) in ground-water discharge to surface water. During periods of low ground-water levels, it is likely that, within the study area, Pohatcong Creek gains no flow from the carbonate-rock aquifer and may even lose flow to the surficial aquifer (which then recharges the carbonate-rock aquifer).\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThere are few sites in the Pohatcong Valley with large-scale (greater than 10 million gallons per year) ground- or surface-water withdrawals. The only substantial withdrawals in the valley are from two public supply wells and from two industrial facilities. Average annual withdrawals during 1997-2002 at these four locations totaled 298 million gallons per year. About 95 percent of the water withdrawn by the large industrial user (108 million gallons per year) is re-injected into the aquifer.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIn some locations throughout the valley, water levels in the shallow surficial deposits were substantially higher than those in underlying carbonate-rock aquifer. Water levels in the deep part of the surficial aquifer and underlying carbonate-rock aquifer were similar, although the gradients were often (but not always) downward. Furthermore, data collected during aquifer tests at a public supply well in Washington Borough and a public-supply well west of Washington Borough show that the deep part of the surficial aquifer is hydraulically well connected to the underlying carbonate-rock aquifer at these two locations. The shallow surficial deposits, however, are not well connected to the deep surficial deposits and carbonate rock at these two locations. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe overall ground-water-flow pattern in the valley appears to be that precipitation recharges the surficial aquifer and is discharged from the surficial aquifer to the underlying bedrock aquifer and the Pohatcong Creek and its tri","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045127","usgsCitation":"Carleton, G., Gordon, A., and Wieben, C., 2005, Aquifer properties, stream base flow, water use, and water levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, New Jersey (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5127, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045127.","productDescription":"NA","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7236,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a61bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carleton, G.B.","contributorId":107729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carleton","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, A.D.","contributorId":103711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wieben, C.M. 0000-0001-5825-5119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-5119","contributorId":100491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieben","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72773,"text":"tm2A3 - 2005 - Selection and application of microbial source tracking tools for water-quality investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"tm2A3","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2-A3","title":"Selection and application of microbial source tracking tools for water-quality investigations","docAbstract":"Microbial source tracking (MST) is a complex process that includes many decision-making steps. Once a contamination problem has been defined, the potential user of MST tools must thoroughly consider study objectives before deciding upon a source identifier, a detection method, and an analytical approach to apply to the problem. Regardless of which MST protocol is chosen, underlying assumptions can affect the results and interpretation. It is crucial to incorporate tests of those assumptions in the study quality-control plan to help validate results and facilitate interpretation.\r\n\r\nDetailed descriptions of MST objectives, protocols, and assumptions are provided in this report to assist in selection and application of MST tools for water-quality investigations. Several case studies illustrate real-world applications of MST protocols over a range of settings, spatial scales, and types of contamination. Technical details of many available source identifiers and detection methods are included as appendixes. By use of this information, researchers should be able to formulate realistic expectations for the information that MST tools can provide and, where possible, successfully execute investigations to characterize sources of fecal contamination to resource waters. ","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Book 2. Collection of environmental data, Section A. Biological science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tm2A3","usgsCitation":"Stoeckel, D.M., 2005, Selection and application of microbial source tracking tools for water-quality investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 2-A3, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm2A3.","productDescription":"49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7238,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/tm2a3/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689c70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoeckel, Donald M.","contributorId":78384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckel","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}