Can patterns of species frequency in an old-field be explained within the context of a metapopulation model? Are the patterns observed related to time, spatial scale, disturbance, and nutrient availability?
Upland and lowland old-fields in Illinois, USA.
Species richness was recorded annually for seven years following plowing of an upland and lowland old-field subject to crossed fertilizer and disturbance treatments (mowing and rototilling). Species occupancy distributions were assessed with respect to the numbers of core and satellite species.
In both fields, species richness became higher in disturbed plots than in undisturbed plots over time, and decreased in fertilized plots irrespective of time. A bimodal pattern of species richness consistent with the Core-satellite species (CSS) hypothesis occurred in the initial seed bank and through the course of early succession. The identity of native and exotic core species (those present in > 90% of blocks) changed with time. Some core species from the seed bank became core species in the vegetation, albeit after several years. At the scale of individual plots, a bimodal fit consistent with the CSS hypothesis applied only in year 1 and rarely thereafter.
The CSS hypothesis provides a metapopulation perspective for understanding patterns of species richness but requires the assessment of spatial and temporal scaling effects. Regional processes (e.g. propagule availability) at the largest scale have the greatest impact influencing community structure during early secondary succession. Local processes (e.g., disturbance and soil nutrients) are more important at smaller scales and place constraints on species establishment and community structure of both native and exotic species. Under the highest intensity of disturbance, exotic species may be able to use resources unavailable to, or unused by, native species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02381.x","usgsCitation":"Gibson, D.J., Middleton, B.A., Foster, K., Honu, Y.A., Hoyer, E.W., and Mathis, M., 2005, Species frequency dynamics in an old-field succession: Effects of disturbance, fertilization and scale: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 16, no. 4, p. 415-422, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02381.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"422","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94fbe4b08c986b31ace8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, David J.","contributorId":140174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":423407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, K.","contributorId":24556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Honu, Y. A. K.","contributorId":36734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Honu","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"A. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoyer, E. W.","contributorId":34713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoyer","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mathis, M.","contributorId":53590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathis","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029600,"text":"70029600 - 2005 - Using cosmogenic nuclides to contrast rates of erosion and sediment yield in a semi-arid, arroyo-dominated landscape, Rio Puerco Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029600","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using cosmogenic nuclides to contrast rates of erosion and sediment yield in a semi-arid, arroyo-dominated landscape, Rio Puerco Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Analysis of in-situ-produced 10Be and 26Al in 52 fluvial sediment samples shows that millennial-scale rates of erosion vary widely (7 to 366 m Ma-1) through the lithologically and topographically complex Rio Puerco Basin of northern New Mexico. Using isotopic analysis of both headwater and downstream samples, we determined that the semi-arid, Rio Puerco Basin is eroding, on average, about 100 m Ma-1. This rapid rate of erosion is consistent with estimates made using other techniques and is likely to result from a combination of easily eroded lithologies, sparse vegetation, and monsoon-dominated rainfall. Data from 331 stream water samples collected by the US Geological Survey between 1960 and 1995 are consistent with basin-wide, average chemical denudation rates of only about 1??4 m Ma-1; thus, the erosion rates we calculate may be considered rates of sediment generation because physical weathering accounts for almost 99 per cent of mass loss. The isotopic data reveal that sediment is generally well mixed downstream with the area-weighted average sediment generation rate for 16 headwater samples (234 ton km-2 a-1 for basin area 170 to 1169 km2) matching well that estimated from a single sample collected far downstream (238 ton km-2 a-1, basin area = 14 225 km2). A series of 15 samples, collected from an arroyo wall and representing deposition through the late Holocene, indicates that 10Be concentration in sediment delivered by the fluvial system has not changed appreciably over the last 1200 years despite at least two cycles of arroyo cutting and filling. Other samples (n = 21) were collected along the drainage network. Rio Puerco erosion rates scale directly with a variety of metrics describing vegetation, precipitation, and rock erodibility. Using the headwater basins for calibration, the erosion rates for both the downstream samples and also the data set as a whole, are best modelled by considering a combination of relief and vegetation metrics, both of which co-vary with precipitation and erodibility as inferred from lithology. On average, contemporary sediment yields, determined by monitoring suspended-sediment discharge, exceed cosmogenically determined millennial-scale erosion rates by nearly a factor of two. This discrepancy, between short-term rates of sediment yield and long-term rates of erosion, suggests that more sediment is currently being exported from the basin than is being produced. Because the failure of incised channel walls and the head cutting of arroyo complexes appear to be the main sources of channel sediment today, this incongruence between rates of sediment supply and sediment yield is likely to be transitory, reflecting the current states of the arroyo cycle and perhaps the influence of current or past land-use patterns. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1255","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Bierman, P., Reuter, J., Pavich, M., Gellis, A., Caffee, M., and Larsen, J., 2005, Using cosmogenic nuclides to contrast rates of erosion and sediment yield in a semi-arid, arroyo-dominated landscape, Rio Puerco Basin, New Mexico: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 30, no. 8, p. 935-953, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1255.","startPage":"935","endPage":"953","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210653,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1255"},{"id":237643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc041e4b08c986b32a003","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bierman, P.R.","contributorId":49145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierman","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reuter, J.M.","contributorId":91680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuter","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavich, M.","contributorId":58399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gellis, A. C.","contributorId":99590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caffee, M.W.","contributorId":86127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffee","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larsen, J.","contributorId":74544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029603,"text":"70029603 - 2005 - Spatial and temporal use of a spawning site in the middle green river by wild and hatchery-reared razorback suckers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029603","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal use of a spawning site in the middle green river by wild and hatchery-reared razorback suckers","docAbstract":"The population of endangered razorback suckers Xyrauchen texanus in the middle Green River (upper Colorado River basin) has declined during the last 40 years. The apparent cause for this decline is a lack of successful recruitment. This study used radiotelemetry to evaluate the ability of hatchery-reared razorback suckers to locate spawning areas where wild fish congregate during the ascending hydrographic limb of the snowmelt runoff. Hatchery-reared razorback suckers appeared to show similar reproductive behavior to wild fish. Both wild and hatchery-reared fish were found near the middle Green River spawning area between 1 and 25 May 2000. Hatchery fish occupied the same areas on the spawning site as wild fish, and remained on the spawning site during both nocturnal and diurnal hours. Males were more abundant on the spawning area than females, but the few females captured tended to stage away from the primary spawning area. The results from this study suggest hatchery-reared fish are capable of responding to natural cues that prompt spawning aggregations and are successful in locating existing spawning aggregations of wild fish. Given attention to stocking criteria, including genetic diversity and the size and time of stocking, the challenges of recovering razorback suckers will center on those factors that led to the population declines, particularly the survival of early life stages in off-channel habitats. ?? American Fisheries Society 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T04-097.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Modde, T., Bowen, Z., and Kitcheyan, D., 2005, Spatial and temporal use of a spawning site in the middle green river by wild and hatchery-reared razorback suckers: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 134, no. 4, p. 937-944, https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-097.1.","startPage":"937","endPage":"944","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210686,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T04-097.1"},{"id":237681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b944ce4b08c986b31a9b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Modde, T.","contributorId":98243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modde","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Z.H.","contributorId":81045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Z.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitcheyan, D.C.","contributorId":85390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitcheyan","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029605,"text":"70029605 - 2005 - Sources, bioavailability, and photoreactivity of dissolved organic carbon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70029605","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources, bioavailability, and photoreactivity of dissolved organic carbon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","docAbstract":"We analyzed bioavailability, photoreactivity, fluorescence, and isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) collected at 13 stations in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta during various seasons to estimate the persistence of DOC from diverse shallow water habitat sources. Prospective large-scale wetland restorations in the Delta may change the amount of DOC available to the food web as well as change the quality of Delta water exported for municipal use. Our study indicates that DOC contributed by Delta sources is relatively refractory and likely mostly the dissolved remnants of vascular plant material from degrading soils and tidal marshes rather than phytoplankton production. Therefore, the prospective conversion of agricultural land into submerged, phytoplankton-dominated habitats may reduce the undesired export of DOC from the Delta to municipal users. A median of 10% of Delta DOC was rapidly utilizable by bacterioplankton. A moderate dose of simulated solar radiation (286 W m-2 for 4 h) decreased the DOC bioavailability by an average of 40%, with a larger relative decrease in samples with higher initial DOC bioavailability. Potentially, a DOC-based microbial food web could support ???0.6 ?? 109 g C of protist production in the Delta annually, compared to ???17 ?? 109 g C phytoplankton primary production. Thus, DOC utilization via the microbial food web is unlikely to play an important role in the nutrition of Delta zooplankton and fish, and the possible decrease in DOC concentration due to wetland restoration is unlikely to have a direct effect on Delta fish productivity. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-004-3361-2","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Stepanauskas, R., Moran, M., Bergamaschi, B., and Hollibaugh, J., 2005, Sources, bioavailability, and photoreactivity of dissolved organic carbon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: Biogeochemistry, v. 74, no. 2, p. 131-149, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-3361-2.","startPage":"131","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-3361-2"}],"volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b93a6e4b08c986b31a5f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stepanauskas, R.","contributorId":61937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stepanauskas","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, M.A.","contributorId":62385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollibaugh, J.T.","contributorId":22886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollibaugh","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029612,"text":"70029612 - 2005 - Source mechanism of Vulcanian degassing at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico, determined from waveform inversions of very long period signals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T10:37:26","indexId":"70029612","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source mechanism of Vulcanian degassing at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico, determined from waveform inversions of very long period signals","docAbstract":"The source mechanism of very long period (VLP) signals accompanying volcanic degassing bursts at Popocatépetl is analyzed in the 15–70 s band by minimizing the residual error between data and synthetics calculated for a point source embedded in a homogeneous medium. The waveforms of two eruptions (23 April and 23 May 2000) representative of mild Vulcanian activity are well reproduced by our inversion, which takes into account volcano topography. The source centroid is positioned 1500 m below the western perimeter of the summit crater, and the modeled source is composed of a shallow dipping crack (sill with easterly dip of 10°) intersecting a steeply dipping crack (northeast striking dike dipping 83° northwest), whose surface extension bisects the vent. Both cracks undergo a similar sequence of inflation, deflation, and reinflation, reflecting a cycle of pressurization, depressurization, and repressurization within a time interval of 3–5 min. The largest moment release occurs in the sill, showing a maximum volume change of 500–1000 m3, pressure drop of 3–5 MPa, and amplitude of recovered pressure equal to 1.2 times the amplitude of the pressure drop. In contrast, the maximum volume change in the dike is less (200–300 m3), with a corresponding pressure drop of 1–2 MPa and pressure recovery equal to the pressure drop. Accompanying these volumetric sources are single-force components with magnitudes of 108 N, consistent with melt advection in response to pressure transients. The source time histories of the volumetric components of the source indicate that significant mass movement starts within the sill and triggers a mass movement response in the dike within a few seconds. Such source behavior is consistent with the opening of a pathway for escape of pent-up gases from slow pressurization of the sill driven by magma crystallization. The opening of this pathway and associated rapid evacuation of volcanic gases induces the pressure drop. Pressure recovery in the magma filling the sill is driven by diffusion of gases from the resulting supersaturated melt into bubbles. Assuming a penny-shaped crack at ambient pressure of 40 MPa, the observed pressure and volume variations can be modeled with the following attributes: crack radius (100 m), crack aperture (5 m), bubble number density (1010–1012 m−3), initial bubble radius (10−6 m), final bubble radius (∼10−5 m), and net decrease of gas concentration in the melt (0.01 wt %).
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003524","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B.A., Dawson, P.B., and Arciniega-Ceballos, A., 2005, Source mechanism of Vulcanian degassing at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico, determined from waveform inversions of very long period signals: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 7, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003524.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477787,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003524","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210799,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003524"},{"id":237825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":" Popocatépetl Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.8494873046875,\n 18.841313810317\n ],\n [\n -98.41278076171875,\n 18.841313810317\n ],\n [\n -98.41278076171875,\n 19.29299799768025\n ],\n [\n -98.8494873046875,\n 19.29299799768025\n ],\n [\n -98.8494873046875,\n 18.841313810317\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b932de4b08c986b31a33f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arciniega-Ceballos, Alejandra","contributorId":57740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arciniega-Ceballos","given":"Alejandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029613,"text":"70029613 - 2005 - Simulating the evolution of coastal morphology and stratigraphy with a new morphological-behaviour model (GEOMBEST)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T12:31:37","indexId":"70029613","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the evolution of coastal morphology and stratigraphy with a new morphological-behaviour model (GEOMBEST)","docAbstract":"A new morphological-behaviour model is used to simulate evolution of coastal morphology associated with cross-shore translations of the shoreface, barrier, and estuary. The model encapsulates qualitative principles drawn from established geological concepts that are parameterized to provide quantitative predictions of morphological change on geological time scales (order 10 3 years), as well as shorter time scales applicable for long-term coastal management (order 101 to 102 years). Changes in sea level, and sediment volume within the shoreface, barrier, and estuary, drive the model behaviour. Further parameters, defining substrate erodibility, sediment composition, and time-dependent shoreface response, constrain the evolution of the shoreface towards an equilibrium profile. Results from numerical experiments are presented for the low-gradient autochthonous setting of North Carolina and the steep allochthonous setting of the Washington shelf. Simulations in the Currituck region of North Carolina examined the influence of sediment supply, substrate composition, and substrate erodibility on barrier transgression. Results demonstrate that the presence of a lithified substrate reduces the rate of barrier transgression compared to scenarios where an erodible, sand-rich substrate exists. Simulations of the Washington coast, 20 km north of the Columbia River, confirmed that the model can reproduce complex stratigraphy involving regressive and transgressive phases of coastal evolution. Results suggest that the first major addition of sediment to the shelf occurred around 12 900 years ago and resulted from the rapid addition of sediment volume from the Columbia River attributed to the Missoula floods. This was followed by a period where little or no sediment was added (12 400-9100 BP) and a third period when most sediment was added to the shelf (9100 BP to present) from the Columbia River. Comparing results from each setting demonstrates an indirect control that substrate slope has on shoreface transgression rates. Shoreface transgression is shown to be sensitive to the rate of estuarine sedimentation, with the sensitivity increasing as substrate slope decreases.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2005.02.019","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Stolper, D., List, J.H., and Thieler, E., 2005, Simulating the evolution of coastal morphology and stratigraphy with a new morphological-behaviour model (GEOMBEST): Marine Geology, v. 218, no. 1-4, p. 17-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.02.019.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.3275146484375,\n 35.72421761691415\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 35.72421761691415\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -76.3275146484375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -76.3275146484375,\n 35.72421761691415\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"218","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fd7e4b08c986b31918a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stolper, D.","contributorId":56846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolper","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"List, J. H.","contributorId":70406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029615,"text":"70029615 - 2005 - Conceptual model of sediment processes in the upper Yuba River watershed, Sierra Nevada, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-08T12:42:26","indexId":"70029615","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conceptual model of sediment processes in the upper Yuba River watershed, Sierra Nevada, CA","docAbstract":"This study examines the development of a conceptual model of sediment processes in the upper Yuba River watershed; and we hypothesize how components of the conceptual model may be spatially distributed using a geographical information system (GIS). The conceptual model illustrates key processes controlling sediment dynamics in the upper Yuba River watershed and was tested and revised using field measurements, aerial photography, and low elevation videography. Field reconnaissance included mass wasting and channel storage inventories, assessment of annual channel change in upland tributaries, and evaluation of the relative importance of sediment sources and transport processes. Hillslope erosion rates throughout the study area are relatively low when compared to more rapidly eroding landscapes such as the Pacific Northwest and notable hillslope sediment sources include highly erodible andesitic mudflows, serpentinized ultramafics, and unvegetated hydraulic mine pits. Mass wasting dominates surface erosion on the hillslopes; however, erosion of stored channel sediment is the primary contributor to annual sediment yield. We used GIS to spatially distribute the components of the conceptual model and created hillslope erosion potential and channel storage models. The GIS models exemplify the conceptual model in that landscapes with low potential evapotranspiration, sparse vegetation, steep slopes, erodible geology and soils, and high road densities display the greatest hillslope erosion potential and channel storage increases with increasing stream order. In-channel storage in upland tributaries impacted by hydraulic mining is an exception. Reworking of stored hydraulic mining sediment in low-order tributaries continues to elevate upper Yuba River sediment yields. Finally, we propose that spatially distributing the components of a conceptual model in a GIS framework provides a guide for developing more detailed sediment budgets or numerical models making it an inexpensive way to develop a roadmap for understanding sediment dynamics at a watershed scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.019","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Curtis, J.A., Flint, L.E., Alpers, C.N., and Yarnell, S., 2005, Conceptual model of sediment processes in the upper Yuba River watershed, Sierra Nevada, CA: Geomorphology, v. 68, no. 3-4, p. 149-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.019.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"166","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.019"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9aae4b0c8380cd4d6fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-7766-994X jacurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-994X","contributorId":927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jacurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yarnell, S.M.","contributorId":25753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarnell","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029618,"text":"70029618 - 2005 - New surveys of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure suggest melt pockets and target-structure effect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70029618","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New surveys of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure suggest melt pockets and target-structure effect","docAbstract":"We present high-resolution gravity and magnetic field survey results over the 85-km-diameter Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Whereas a continuous melt sheet is anticipated at a crater this size, shallow-source magnetic field anomalies of ???100 nT instead suggest that impact melt pooled in kilometer-scaled pockets surrounding the base of a central peak. A central anomaly of ???300 nT may represent additional melt or rock that underwent shock-induced remagnetization. Models predict that the total volume of the melt ranges from ???0.4 to 10 km3, a quantity that is several orders of magnitude smaller than expected for an impact structure this size. However, this volume is within predictions given a transient crater of diameter of 20-40 km for a target covered with water and sedimentary deposits such that melt fragments were widely dispersed at the time of impact. Gravity data delineate a gently sloping inner basin and a central peak via a contrast between crystalline and sedimentary rock. Both features are ovoid, oriented parallel to larger preimpact basement structures. Conceptual models suggest how lateral differences in rock strength due to these preimpact structures helped to shape the crater's morphology during transient-crater modification. ?? 2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G21213.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Shah, A., Brozena, J., Vogt, P., Daniels, D., and Plescia, J., 2005, New surveys of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure suggest melt pockets and target-structure effect: Geology, v. 33, no. 5, p. 417-420, https://doi.org/10.1130/G21213.1.","startPage":"417","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210852,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G21213.1"},{"id":237898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6617e4b0c8380cd72d09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, A. K. 0000-0002-3198-081X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":101789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"A. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brozena, J.","contributorId":67714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brozena","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogt, P.","contributorId":31566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daniels, D.","contributorId":97700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plescia, J.","contributorId":20500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plescia","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029620,"text":"70029620 - 2005 - Disturbance frequency and community structure in a twenty-five year intervention study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70029620","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance frequency and community structure in a twenty-five year intervention study","docAbstract":"Models of community regulation commonly incorporate gradients of disturbance inversely related to the role of biotic interactions in regulating intermediate trophic levels. Higher trophic-level organisms are predicted to be more strongly limited by intermediate levels of disturbance than are the organisms they consume. We used a manipulation of the frequency of hydrological disturbance in an intervention analysis to examine its effects on small-fish communities in the Everglades, USA. From 1978 to 2002, we monitored fishes at one long-hydroperiod (average 350 days) and at one short-hydroperiod (average 259 days; monitoring started here in 1985) site. At a third site, managers intervened in 1985 to diminish the frequency and duration of marsh drying. By the late 1990s, the successional dynamics of density and relative abundance at the intervention site converged on those of the long-hydroperiod site. Community change was manifested over 3 to 5 years following a dry-down if a site remained inundated; the number of days since the most recent drying event and length of the preceding dry period were useful for predicting population dynamics. Community dissimilarity was positively correlated with the time since last dry. Community dynamics resulted from change in the relative abundance of three groups of species linked by life-history responses to drought. Drought frequency and intensity covaried in response to hydrological manipulation at the landscape scale; community-level successional dynamics converged on a relatively small range of species compositions when drought return-time extended beyond 4 years. The density of small fishes increased with diminution of drought frequency, consistent with disturbance-limited community structure; less-frequent drying than experienced in this study (i.e., longer return times) yields predator-dominated regulation of small-fish communities in some parts of the Everglades. ?? Springer-Verlag 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-005-0094-4","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Trexler, J., Loftus, W., and Perry, S., 2005, Disturbance frequency and community structure in a twenty-five year intervention study: Oecologia, v. 145, no. 1, p. 140-152, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0094-4.","startPage":"140","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210877,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0094-4"},{"id":237934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a032de4b0c8380cd50397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trexler, J.C.","contributorId":23108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, S.","contributorId":70340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029624,"text":"70029624 - 2005 - The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70029624","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors","docAbstract":"The complete sequences of Takifugu Toll-like receptor (TLR) loci and gene predictions from many draft genomes enable comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis. Strong selective pressure for recognition of and response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns has maintained a largely unchanging TLR recognition in all vertebrates. There are six major families of vertebrate TLRs. This repertoire is distinct from that of invertebrates. TLRs within a family recognize a general class of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Most vertebrates have exactly one gene ortholog for each TLR family. The family including TLR1 has more species-specific adaptations than other families. A major family including TLR11 is represented in humans only by a pseudogene. Coincidental evolution plays a minor role in TLR evolution. The sequencing phase of this study produced finished genomic sequences for the 12 Takifugu rubripes TLRs. In addition, we have produced > 70 gene models, including sequences from the opossum, chicken, frog, dog, sea urchin, and sea squirt. ?? 2005 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0502272102","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Roach, J., Glusman, G., Rowen, L., Kaur, A., Purcell, M.K., Smith, K., Hood, L., and Aderem, A., 2005, The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 102, no. 27, p. 9577-9582, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502272102.","startPage":"9577","endPage":"9582","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477796,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1172252","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502272102"},{"id":237427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babe8e4b08c986b323164","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roach, J.C.","contributorId":19362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glusman, G.","contributorId":82519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glusman","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowen, L.","contributorId":82915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowen","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaur, A.","contributorId":35532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaur","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Purcell, M. K.","contributorId":78464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, K.D.","contributorId":64003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hood, L.E.","contributorId":30026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aderem, A.","contributorId":41645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aderem","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70029626,"text":"70029626 - 2005 - Heat as a tracer to estimate dissolved organic carbon flux from a restored wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:25:20","indexId":"70029626","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat as a tracer to estimate dissolved organic carbon flux from a restored wetland","docAbstract":"Heat was used as a natural tracer to characterize shallow ground water flow beneath a complex wetland system. Hydrogeologic data were combined with measured vertical temperature profiles to constrain a series of two‐dimensional, transient simulations of ground water flow and heat transport using the model code SUTRA (Voss 1990). The measured seasonal temperature signal reached depths of 2.7 m beneath the pond. Hydraulic conductivity was varied in each of the layers in the model in a systematic manual calibration of the two‐dimensional model to obtain the best fit to the measured temperature and hydraulic head. Results of a series of representative best‐fit simulations represent a range in hydraulic conductivity values that had the best agreement between simulated and observed temperatures and that resulted in simulated pond seepage values within 1 order of magnitude of pond seepage estimated from the water budget. Resulting estimates of ground water discharge to an adjacent agricultural drainage ditch were used to estimate potential dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loads resulting from the restored wetland. Estimated DOC loads ranged from 45 to 1340 g C/(m2 year), which is higher than estimated DOC loads from surface water. In spite of the complexity in characterizing ground water flow in peat soils, using heat as a tracer provided a constrained estimate of subsurface flow from the pond to the agricultural drainage ditch.
We evaluated the influence of waterborne and dietary lead (Pb) exposure on the acute and chronic toxicity of Pb to the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Test solutions were generated by a modified diluter with an extended (24‐h) equilibration period. Acute (96‐h) toxicity of Pb varied with water hardness in the range of 71 to 275 mg/L as CaCO3, despite similar dissolved Pb concentrations. Acute toxicity was greatest in soft test water, with less than 50% survival at the lowest dissolved Pb concentration (151 μg/L). Survival also was significantly reduced in medium‐hardness water but not in hard test water. In chronic (42‐d) studies, amphipods were exposed to waterborne Pb and fed either a control diet or a diet equilibrated with waterborne Pb levels. For animals fed the control diet, the median lethal concentration (LC50) for Pb was 24 μg/L (as dissolved Pb), and significant reductions in survival occurred at 16 μg/L. Exposure to Pb‐treated diets significantly increased toxicity across a wide range of dissolved Pb concentrations, with a LC50 of 16 μg/L and significant reductions in growth and reproduction at 3.5 μg/L. Significant effects on growth and reproduction occurred at dissolved Pb concentrations close to the current U.S. chronic water‐quality criterion. Our results suggest that both aqueous‐ and dietary‐exposure pathways contribute significantly to chronic Pb exposure and toxic effects in aquatic biota.
The transmission of atmospherically derived trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) was evaluated in a small, undeveloped, forested watershed located in north-central Maryland. Atmospheric input was determined for wet-only and vegetative throughfall components. Annual throughfall fluxes were significantly enriched over incident precipitation for most elements, although some elements exhibited evidence of canopy release (Mn) or preferential uptake (As, Cr, and Se). Stream export was gauged based on systematic sampling under varied flow regimes. Particle loading appears to contribute significantly to watershed export (> 10%) for only As, Pb, and Fe, and then only during large precipitation/runoff events. The degree of watershed transmission for each trace element was evaluated based on a comparison of total, net atmospheric input (throughfall) to stream export over an annual hydrologic cycle. This comparison indicates that the atmospheric input of some elements (Al, Cd, Ni, Zn) is effectively transmitted through the watershed, but other elements (Pb, As, Se, Fe, Cr, Cu) appear to be strongly sequestered, in the respective orders noted. Results suggest that precipitation and subsequent soil pH are the primary factors that determine the mobility of sequestered trace element phases.
To further resolve primary atmospheric and secondary weathering components, the geochemical model NETPATH was applied. Results indicate that minerals dissolved include chlorite, plagioclase feldspar, epidote, and potassium feldspar; phases formed were kaolinite, pyrite, and silica. The model also indicates that weathering processes contribute negligible amounts of trace elements to stream export, indicative of the unreactive orthoquartzite bedrock lithology underlying the watershed. Thus, the stream export of trace elements primarily reflects atmospheric deposition to the local watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-005-8135-5","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Scudlark, J., Rice, K.C., Conko, K.M., Bricker, O.P., and Church, T., 2005, Transmission of atmospherically derived trace elements through an undeveloped, forested Maryland watershed: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 163, no. 1, p. 53-79, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-8135-5.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.7777099609375,\n 39.32155002466662\n ],\n [\n -77.7777099609375,\n 39.70296052957233\n ],\n [\n -77.32040405273436,\n 39.70296052957233\n ],\n [\n -77.32040405273436,\n 39.32155002466662\n ],\n [\n -77.7777099609375,\n 39.32155002466662\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"163","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb729e4b08c986b3270c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scudlark, J.R.","contributorId":86952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudlark","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conko, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-6361-4921 kmconko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":2930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmconko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":423609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bricker, Owen P.","contributorId":25142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Church, T.M.","contributorId":18581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029645,"text":"70029645 - 2005 - Analysis of vegetation distribution in Interior Alaska and sensitivity to climate change using a logistic regression approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70029645","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of vegetation distribution in Interior Alaska and sensitivity to climate change using a logistic regression approach","docAbstract":"Aim: To understand drivers of vegetation type distribution and sensitivity to climate change. Location: Interior Alaska. Methods: A logistic regression model was developed that predicts the potential equilibrium distribution of four major vegetation types: tundra, deciduous forest, black spruce forest and white spruce forest based on elevation, aspect, slope, drainage type, fire interval, average growing season temperature and total growing season precipitation. The model was run in three consecutive steps. The hierarchical logistic regression model was used to evaluate how scenarios of changes in temperature, precipitation and fire interval may influence the distribution of the four major vegetation types found in this region. Results: At the first step, tundra was distinguished from forest, which was mostly driven by elevation, precipitation and south to north aspect. At the second step, forest was separated into deciduous and spruce forest, a distinction that was primarily driven by fire interval and elevation. At the third step, the identification of black vs. white spruce was driven mainly by fire interval and elevation. The model was verified for Interior Alaska, the region used to develop the model, where it predicted vegetation distribution among the steps with an accuracy of 60-83%. When the model was independently validated for north-west Canada, it predicted vegetation distribution among the steps with an accuracy of 53-85%. Black spruce remains the dominant vegetation type under all scenarios, potentially expanding most under warming coupled with increasing fire interval. White spruce is clearly limited by moisture once average growing season temperatures exceeded a critical limit (+2 ??C). Deciduous forests expand their range the most when any two of the following scenarios are combined: decreasing fire interval, warming and increasing precipitation. Tundra can be replaced by forest under warming but expands under precipitation increase. Main conclusion: The model analyses agree with current knowledge of the responses of vegetation types to climate change and provide further insight into drivers of vegetation change. ?? 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01185.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Calef, M., McGuire, A., Epstein, H., Rupp, T., and Shugart, H., 2005, Analysis of vegetation distribution in Interior Alaska and sensitivity to climate change using a logistic regression approach: Journal of Biogeography, v. 32, no. 5, p. 863-878, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01185.x.","startPage":"863","endPage":"878","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01185.x"},{"id":240572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb48e4b0c8380cd48d23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calef, M.P.","contributorId":55213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calef","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Epstein, H.E.","contributorId":44736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rupp, T.S.","contributorId":66904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shugart, H.H.","contributorId":66486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shugart","given":"H.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029651,"text":"70029651 - 2005 - Lagoonal reef accretion and holocene sea-level history from three atolls in the Cook Islands, Central South Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70029651","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lagoonal reef accretion and holocene sea-level history from three atolls in the Cook Islands, Central South Pacific","docAbstract":"Radiocarbon ages of corals from cores collected at nine drill sites in the lagoons of three atolls (Pukapuka, Rakahanga, Aitutaki, Cook Islands) provide a history of lagoon sedimentation in response to Holocene sea-level rise and stabilization. Holocene lagoonal reefs were established between 8700 and 7800 years B.P. on 130,000-200,000 year-old reef platforms that are presently 7 to 22 m below the floor of the lagoons. Comparison of radiocarbon ages of the deepest corals to published sea-level curves indicate that Holocene reefs colonized these substrates rapidly (Analysis of long-term patterns of invasion can reveal the importance of abiotic factors in influencing invasion dynamics, and can help predict future patterns of spread. In the case of the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), most prior studies have investigated this species' limitations in hot and dry climates. However, spatial and temporal patterns of spread involving two ant populations over the course of 30 years at a high elevation site in Hawaii suggest that cold and wet conditions have influenced both the ant's distribution and its rate of invasion. In Haleakala National Park on Maui, we found that a population invading at lower elevation is limited by increasing rainfall and presumably by associated decreasing temperatures. A second, higher elevation population has spread outward in all directions, but rates of spread in different directions appear to have been strongly influenced by differences in elevation and temperature. Patterns of foraging activity were strongly tied to soil temperatures, supporting the hypothesis that variation in temperature can influence rates of spread. Based on past patterns of spread, we predicted a total potential range that covers nearly 50% of the park and 75% of the park's subalpine habitats. We compared this rough estimate with point predictions derived from a degree-day model for Argentine ant colony reproduction, and found that the two independent predictions match closely when soil temperatures are used in the model. The cold, wet conditions that have influenced Argentine ant invasion at this site are likely to be influential at other locations in this species' current and future worldwide distribution. ","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00151.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Krushelnycky, P., Joe, S., Medeiros, A., Daehler, C., and Loope, L., 2005, The role of abiotic conditions in shaping the long-term patterns of a high-elevation Argentine ant invasion: Diversity and Distributions, v. 11, no. 4, p. 319-331, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00151.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213081,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00151.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.26266479492188,\n 20.60322165468188\n ],\n [\n -156.03744506835938,\n 20.60322165468188\n ],\n [\n -155.9564208984375,\n 20.69317690866736\n ],\n [\n -155.95367431640625,\n 20.817741019786485\n ],\n [\n -156.1871337890625,\n 20.9011542773029\n ],\n [\n -156.26266479492188,\n 20.78693059257028\n ],\n [\n -156.26266479492188,\n 20.60322165468188\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf4de4b08c986b3246c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krushelnycky, P.D.","contributorId":27664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krushelnycky","given":"P.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joe, S.M.","contributorId":97775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joe","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Medeiros, A.C.","contributorId":19703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medeiros","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daehler, C.C.","contributorId":100139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daehler","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loope, L.L.","contributorId":43126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029656,"text":"70029656 - 2005 - Willingness to pay for non angler recreation at the lower Snake River reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:30:47","indexId":"70029656","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2369,"text":"Journal of Leisure Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Willingness to pay for non angler recreation at the lower Snake River reservoirs","docAbstract":"This study applied the travel cost method to estimate demand for non angler recreation at the impounded Snake River in eastern Washington. Net value per person per recreation trip is estimated for the full non angler sample and separately for camping, boating, water-skiing, and swimming/picnicking. Certain recreation activities would be reduced or eliminated and new activities would be added if the dams were breached to protect endangered salmon and steelhead. The effect of breaching on non angling benefits was found by subtracting our benefits estimate from the projected non angling benefits with breaching. Major issues in demand model specification and definition of the price variables are discussed. The estimation method selected was truncated negative binomial regression with adjustment for self selection bias.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00222216.2005.11950049","usgsCitation":"McKean, J., Johnson, D., Taylor, R., and Johnson, R.L., 2005, Willingness to pay for non angler recreation at the lower Snake River reservoirs: Journal of Leisure Research, v. 37, no. 2, p. 178-194, https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2005.11950049.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"194","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd111e4b08c986b32f1f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKean, J.R.","contributorId":101076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKean","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, D.","contributorId":85955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, R.G.","contributorId":70994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":32626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029657,"text":"70029657 - 2005 - Incorporating seepage losses into the unsteady streamflow equations for simulating intermittent flow along mountain front streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T08:05:57","indexId":"70029657","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating seepage losses into the unsteady streamflow equations for simulating intermittent flow along mountain front streams","docAbstract":"Seepage losses along numerous mountain front streams that discharge intermittently onto alluvial fans and piedmont alluvial plains are an important source of groundwater in the Basin and Range Province of the Western United States. Determining the distribution of seepage loss along mountain front streams is important when assessing groundwater resources of the region. Seepage loss along a mountain front stream in northern Nevada was evaluated using a one‐dimensional unsteady streamflow model. Seepage loss was incorporated into the spatial derivatives of the streamflow equations. Because seepage loss from streams is dependent on stream depth, wetted perimeter, and streambed properties, a two‐dimensional variably saturated flow model was used to develop a series of relations between seepage loss and stream depth for each reach. This method works when streams are separated from groundwater by variably saturated sediment. Two periods of intermittent flow were simulated to evaluate the modeling approach. The model reproduced measured flow and seepage losses along the channel. Seepage loss in the spring of 2000 was limited to the upper reaches on the alluvial plain and totaled 196,000 m3, whereas 64% of the seepage loss in the spring of 2004 occurred at the base of the alluvial plain and totaled 273,000 m3. A greater seepage loss at the base of the piedmont alluvial plain is attributed to increased streambed hydraulic conductivity caused by less armoring of the channel. The modeling approach provides a method for quantifying and distributing seepage loss along mountain front streams that cross alluvial fans or piedmont alluvial plains.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003677","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Niswonger, R., Prudic, D.E., Pohll, G., and Constantz, J., 2005, Incorporating seepage losses into the unsteady streamflow equations for simulating intermittent flow along mountain front streams: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003677.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486798,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39eae4b0c8380cd61aa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niswonger, R.G.","contributorId":103393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pohll, G.","contributorId":25362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohll","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Constantz, J.","contributorId":29953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029661,"text":"70029661 - 2005 - Karst database development in Minnesota: Design and data assembly","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029661","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Karst database development in Minnesota: Design and data assembly","docAbstract":"The Karst Feature Database (KFD) of Minnesota is a relational GIS-based Database Management System (DBMS). Previous karst feature datasets used inconsistent attributes to describe karst features in different areas of Minnesota. Existing metadata were modified and standardized to represent a comprehensive metadata for all the karst features in Minnesota. Microsoft Access 2000 and ArcView 3.2 were used to develop this working database. Existing county and sub-county karst feature datasets have been assembled into the KFD, which is capable of visualizing and analyzing the entire data set. By November 17 2002, 11,682 karst features were stored in the KFD of Minnesota. Data tables are stored in a Microsoft Access 2000 DBMS and linked to corresponding ArcView applications. The current KFD of Minnesota has been moved from a Windows NT server to a Windows 2000 Citrix server accessible to researchers and planners through networked interfaces. ?? Springer-Verlag 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-005-1240-3","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Gao, Y., Alexander, E., and Tipping, R., 2005, Karst database development in Minnesota: Design and data assembly: Environmental Geology, v. 47, no. 8, p. 1072-1082, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1240-3.","startPage":"1072","endPage":"1082","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1240-3"}],"volume":"47","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a405fe4b0c8380cd64cec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gao, Y.","contributorId":82437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, E.C. Jr.","contributorId":94062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"E.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tipping, R.G.","contributorId":67272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tipping","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029664,"text":"70029664 - 2005 - Baseline models of trace elements in major aquifers of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029664","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseline models of trace elements in major aquifers of the United States","docAbstract":"Trace-element concentrations in baseline samples from a survey of aquifers used as potable-water supplies in the United States are summarized using methods appropriate for data with multiple detection limits. The resulting statistical distribution models are used to develop summary statistics and estimate probabilities of exceeding water-quality standards. The models are based on data from the major aquifer studies of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. These data were produced with a nationally-consistent sampling and analytical framework specifically designed to determine the quality of the most important potable groundwater resources during the years 1991-2001. The analytical data for all elements surveyed contain values that were below several detection limits. Such datasets are referred to as multiply-censored data. To address this issue, a robust semi-parametric statistical method called regression on order statistics (ROS) is employed. Utilizing the 90th-95th percentile as an arbitrary range for the upper limits of expected baseline concentrations, the models show that baseline concentrations of dissolved Ba and Zn are below 500 ??g/L. For the same percentile range, dissolved As, Cu and Mo concentrations are below 10 ??g/L, and dissolved Ag, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb and Se are below 1-5 ??g/L. These models are also used to determine the probabilities that potable ground waters exceed drinking water standards. For dissolved Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Mo and Se, the likelihood of exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency standards at the well-head is less than 1-1.5%. A notable exception is As, which has approximately a 7% chance of exceeding the maximum contaminant level (10 ??g/L) at the well head.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.03.008","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Lee, L., and Helsel, D., 2005, Baseline models of trace elements in major aquifers of the United States: Applied Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 8, p. 1560-1570, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.03.008.","startPage":"1560","endPage":"1570","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.03.008"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efdae4b0c8380cd4a4ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, L.","contributorId":77730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helsel, D.","contributorId":94492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029666,"text":"70029666 - 2005 - Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:12:36","indexId":"70029666","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance","docAbstract":"Recovery and protection of streams in urban areas depend on a comprehensive understanding of how human activities affect stream ecosystems. The hydrologic effects of urban development and the consequences for stream channel form and streambed stability were examined in 16 streams in the Puget Lowland, Washington, using three streamflow metrics that integrate storm‐scale effects of urban development over annual to decadal timescales: the fraction of time that streamflow exceeds the mean streamflow (TQmean), the coefficient of variation of annual maximum streamflow (CVAMF), and the fraction of time that streamflow exceeds the 0.5‐year flood (T0.5). Urban streams had low interannual variability in annual maximum streamflow and brief duration of frequent high flows, as indicated by significant correlations between road density and both CVAMFand T0.5. The broader distribution of streamflow indicated by TQmean may be affected by urban development, but differences in TQmean between streams are also likely a result of other physiographic factors. The increase in the magnitude of frequent high flows due to urban development but not their cumulative duration has important consequences for channel form and bed stability in gravel bed streams because geomorphic equilibrium depends on moderate duration streamflow (e.g., exceeded 10% of the time). Streams with low values of TQmean and T0.5 are narrower than expected from hydraulic geometry. Dimensionless boundary shear stress (t*) for the 0.5‐year flood was inversely related to T0.5 among the streams, indicating frequent and extensive bed disturbance in streams with low values of T0.5. Although stream channels expand and the size of bed material increases in response to urban streamflow patterns, these adjustments may be insufficient to reestablish the disturbance regime in urban streams because of the differential increase in the magnitude of frequent high flows causing disturbance relative to any changes in longer duration, moderate flows that establish a stable channel.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004097","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C.P., Booth, D.B., and Burges, S.J., 2005, Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 7, Article W07009; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004097.","productDescription":"Article W07009; 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0820e4b0c8380cd519b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Booth, Derek B.","contributorId":100873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":423733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burges, Stephen J.","contributorId":8567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burges","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029668,"text":"70029668 - 2005 - A spatial model of potential jaguar habitat in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-05T15:29:44","indexId":"70029668","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial model of potential jaguar habitat in Arizona","docAbstract":"The jaguar (Panthera onca) is an endangered species that occasionally visits the southwestern United States from Mexico. The number of jaguar sightings per decade has declined over the last 100 years in Arizona, USA, raising conservation concerns for the species at a local and national level. In 1997, state, federal, and local governments with land-management responsibilities agreed to characterize and identify potential jaguar habitat in Arizona and New Mexico. Specifically, the objectives of our analysis were 2-fold: (1) characterize potential jaguar habitat in Arizona from historic sighting records and (2) create a statewide habitat suitability map. We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to characterize potential jaguar habitat by overlaying historic jaguar sightings (25) on landscape and habitat features believed important (e.g., vegetation biomes and series, elevation, terrain ruggedness, proximity to perennial or intermittent water sources, human density). The amount of Arizona (%) identified as potential jaguar habitat ranged from 21% to 30% depending on the input variables. Most jaguar sightings were in scrub grasslands between 1,220 and 1,829-m elevation in southeastern Arizona, in intermediately to extremely rugged terrain, and within 10 km of a water source. Conservation efforts should focus on protecting the most suitable jaguar habitat in southeastern Arizona (i.e., Santa Cruz, Pima, Cochise, Pinal, Graham counties), travel corridors within and outside Arizona, and jaguar habitat in the Sierra Madres of Sonora, Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bioone","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1024:ASMOPJ]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Hatten, J., Averill-Murray, A., and van Pelt, W., 2005, A spatial model of potential jaguar habitat in Arizona: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 3, p. 1024-1033, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1024:ASMOPJ]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1024","endPage":"1033","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212828,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1024:ASMOPJ]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5a1e4b0c8380cd46ea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatten, J.R.","contributorId":39564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Averill-Murray, A.","contributorId":64456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averill-Murray","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Pelt, W.E.","contributorId":73013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029673,"text":"70029673 - 2005 - DUCKS: Low cost thermal monitoring units for near-vent deployment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T11:49:25","indexId":"70029673","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DUCKS: Low cost thermal monitoring units for near-vent deployment","docAbstract":"During 1999 we designed and tested a thermal monitoring system to provide a cheap, robust, modular, real-time system capable of surviving the hostile conditions encountered proximal to active volcanic vents. In November 2000 the first system was deployed at Pu'u 'O'o (Kilauea, Hawai'i) to target persistently active vents. Aside from some minor problems, such as sensor damage due to tampering, this system remained operational until January 2004. The success of the prototype system led us to use the blueprint for a second installation at Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy). This was deployed, dug into a bomb-proof bunker, during May 2002 and survived the April 2003 paroxysmal eruption despite being located just 250 m from the vent. In both cases, careful waterproofing of connectors and selection of suitable protection has prevented water damage and corrosion in the harsh atmosphere encountered at the crater rim.
The Pu'u 'O'o system cost ∼US$10,000 and comprises four modules: sensors, transmission and power hub, repeater station and reception site. The sensor component consists of three thermal infrared thermometers housed in Pelican™ cases fitted with Germanium–Arsenide–Selenium windows. Two 1° field of view(FOV) sensors allow specific vents to be targeted and a 60° FOV sensor provides a crater floor overview. A hard wire connection links to a Pelican™-case-housed microprocessor, modem and power module. From here data are transmitted, via a repeater site, to a dedicated PC at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Here data are displayed with a delay of ∼3 s between acquisition and display. The modular design allows for great flexibility. At Stromboli, 1° and 15° FOV sensor modules can be switched depending changes in activity style and crater geometry. In addition a direct line of site to the Stromboli reception center negates the repeater site requirement, reducing the cost to US$5500 for a single sensor system.
We have also constructed self-contained units with internal data loggers for US$1500/unit. These have been tested at Kilauea, Stromboli, Etna, Masaya, Santiaguito, Fuego, Pacaya, Poas, Soufriere Hills, Villarrica and Erta Ale. These instruments have proved capable of detecting thermal signals associated with: (1) gas emission; (2) gas jetting events; (3) crater floor collapse; (4) lava effusion; (5) lava flow in tubes; (6) lava lake activity; (7) lava dome activity; and (8) crater lake skin temperature.
","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.007","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Harris, A., Pirie, D., Horton, K., Garbeil, H., Pilger, E., Ramm, H., Hoblitt, R., Thornber, C., Ripepe, M., Marchetti, E., and Poggi, P., 2005, DUCKS: Low cost thermal monitoring units for near-vent deployment: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 143, no. 4, p. 335-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.007.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212884,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.007"}],"volume":"143","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd53e4b0c8380cd4e79c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, A.","contributorId":67703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pirie, D.","contributorId":59248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pirie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, K.","contributorId":28408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garbeil, H.","contributorId":103023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbeil","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pilger, E.","contributorId":86976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilger","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ramm, H.","contributorId":16227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramm","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":103738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thornber, C.","contributorId":28629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ripepe, M.","contributorId":46310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripepe","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Marchetti, E.","contributorId":19355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchetti","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Poggi, P.","contributorId":20982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poggi","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ]}