Recent compilations of historical and contemporary riverine nitrate (NO3) concentrations indicate that concentrations in many rivers in the north-central USA increased during the second half of the 20th century. The Des Moines River near Des Moines, Iowa, however, was reported to have had similar NO3 concentrations in 1945 and the 1980s, in spite of substantially greater N input to the watershed during the latter period. The objective of this study was to reconsider the comparison of historical and contemporary NO3 concentrations in the Des Moines River near Des Moines in light of the following: (i) possible errors in the historical data used, (ii) variations in methods of sample collection, (iii) variations in location of sampling, and (iv) additional data collected since 1990. We discovered that an earlier study had compared the flow-weighted average concentration in 1945 to arithmetic annual average concentrations in the 1980s. The intertemporal comparison also appeared to be influenced by differences in sample collection methods and locations used at different times. Depending on the model used and the estimated effects of composite sample collection, the 1945 arithmetic average NO3 concentration was between 44 and 57% of the expected mean value at a similar water yield during 1976–2001. The flow-weighted average NO3 concentration for 1945 was between 54 and 73% of the expected mean value at a similar water yield during 1976–2001. The difference between NO3 concentrations in 1945 and the contemporary period are larger than previously reported for the Des Moines River.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","doi":"10.2134/jeq2003.2280","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"McIsaac, G., and Libra, R., 2003, Surface water qualit: Revisiting nitrate concentrations in the Des Moines River: 1945 and 1976-2001: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 32, no. 6, p. 2280-2289, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2280.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2280","endPage":"2289","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Des Moines River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.69827270507812,\n 41.70367796221136\n ],\n [\n -93.69003295898438,\n 41.64213096472801\n ],\n [\n -93.6536407470703,\n 41.6195489884308\n ],\n [\n -93.62823486328125,\n 41.600040006763805\n ],\n [\n -93.61656188964844,\n 41.57025176609894\n ],\n [\n -93.53004455566406,\n 41.54301946112854\n ],\n [\n -93.47785949707031,\n 41.52811390935743\n ],\n [\n -93.45932006835938,\n 41.55021401530996\n ],\n [\n -93.66806030273438,\n 41.70624114327587\n ],\n [\n -93.69827270507812,\n 41.70367796221136\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f89e4b08c986b31e658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIsaac, G.F.","contributorId":58058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIsaac","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Libra, R.D.","contributorId":54353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Libra","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026033,"text":"70026033 - 2003 - Quantitative PCR analysis of CYP1A induction in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026033","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative PCR analysis of CYP1A induction in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","docAbstract":"Environmental pollutants are hypothesized to be one of the causes of recent declines in wild populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) across Eastern Canada and the United States. Some of these pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins, are known to induce expression of the CYP1A subfamily of genes. We applied a highly sensitive technique, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), for measuring the levels of CYP1A induction in Atlantic salmon. This assay was used to detect patterns of CYP1A mRNA levels, a direct measure of CYP1A expression, in Atlantic salmon exposed to pollutants under both laboratory and field conditions. Two groups of salmon were acclimated to 11 and 17??C, respectively. Each subject then received an intraperitoneal injection (50 mg kg-1) of either ??-naphthoflavone (BNF) in corn oil (10 mg BNF ml-1 corn oil) or corn oil alone. After 48 h, salmon gill, kidney, liver, and brain were collected for RNA isolation and analysis. All tissues showed induction of CYP1A by BNF. The highest base level of CYP1A expression (2.56??1010 molecules/??g RNA) was found in gill tissue. Kidney had the highest mean induction at five orders of magnitude while gill tissue showed the lowest mean induction at two orders of magnitude. The quantitative RT-PCR was also applied to salmon sampled from two streams in Massachusetts, USA. Salmon liver and gill tissue sampled from Millers River (South Royalston, Worcester County), known to contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), showed on average a two orders of magnitude induction over those collected from a stream with no known contamination (Fourmile Brook, Northfield, Franklin County). Overall, the data show CYP1A exists and is inducible in Atlantic salmon gill, brain, kidney, and liver tissue. In addition, the results obtained demonstrate that quantitative PCR analysis of CYP1A expression is useful in studying ecotoxicity in populations of Atlantic salmon in the wild. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00062-0","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Rees, C., McCormick, S., Vanden, H., and Li, W., 2003, Quantitative PCR analysis of CYP1A induction in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 62, no. 1, p. 67-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00062-0.","startPage":"67","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00062-0"},{"id":234584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91f8e4b0c8380cd80594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rees, C.B.","contributorId":7058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"C.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vanden, Heuvel","contributorId":55616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanden","given":"Heuvel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, W.","contributorId":85361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026221,"text":"70026221 - 2003 - Foraminifera as bioindicators in coral reef assessment and monitoring: The foram index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026221","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraminifera as bioindicators in coral reef assessment and monitoring: The foram index","docAbstract":"Coral reef communities are threatened worldwide. Resource managers urgently need indicators of the biological condition of reef environments that can relate data acquired through remote-sensing, water-quality and benthic-community monitoring to stress responses in reef organisms. The \"FORAM\" (Foraminifera in Reef Assessment and Monitoring) Index (FI) is based on 30 years of research on reef sediments and reef-dwelling larger foraminifers. These shelled protists are ideal indicator organisms because: ??? Foraminifers are widely used as environmental and paleoenvironmental indicators in many contexts; ??? Reef-building, zooxanthellate corals and foraminifers with algal symbionts have similar water-quality requirements; ??? The relatively short life spans of foraminifers as compared with long-lived colonial corals facilitate differentiation between long-term water-quality decline and episodic stress events; ??? Foraminifers are relatively small and abundant, permitting statistically significant sample sizes to be collected quickly and relatively inexpensively, ideally as a component of comprehensive monitoring programs; and ??? Collection of foraminifers has minimal impact on reef resources. USEPA guidelines for ecological indicators are used to evaluate the FI. Data required are foraminiferal assemblages from surface sediments of reef-associated environments. The FI provides resource managers with a simple procedure for determining the suitability of benthic environments for communities dominated by algal symbiotic organisms. The FI can be applied independently, or incorporated into existing or planned monitoring efforts. The simple calculations require limited computer capabilities and therefore can be applied readily to reef-associated environments worldwide. In addition, the foraminiferal shells collected can be subjected to morphometric and geochemical analyses in areas of suspected heavy-metal pollution, and the data sets for the index can be used with other monitoring data in detailed multidimensional assessments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1021337310386","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Hallock, P., Lidz, B.H., Cockey-Burkhard, E.M., and Donnelly, K., 2003, Foraminifera as bioindicators in coral reef assessment and monitoring: The foram index: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 81, no. 1-3, p. 221-238, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021337310386.","startPage":"221","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021337310386"},{"id":234184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1303e4b0c8380cd544ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hallock, P.","contributorId":91263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallock","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cockey-Burkhard, E. M.","contributorId":48840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cockey-Burkhard","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donnelly, K.B.","contributorId":9140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025243,"text":"70025243 - 2003 - Predicting changes in hydrologic retention in an evolving semi-arid alluvial stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:24:33","indexId":"70025243","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting changes in hydrologic retention in an evolving semi-arid alluvial stream","docAbstract":"Hydrologic retention of solutes in hyporheic zones or other slowly moving waters of natural channels is thought to be a significant control on biogeochemical cycling and ecology of streams. To learn more about factors affecting hydrologic retention, we repeated stream-tracer injections for 5 years in a semi-arid alluvial stream (Pinal Creek, Ariz.) during a period when streamflow was decreasing, channel width increasing, and coverage of aquatic macrophytes expanding. Average stream velocity at Pinal Creek decreased from 0.8 to 0.2 m/s, average stream depth decreased from 0.09 to 0.04 m, and average channel width expanded from 3 to 13 m. Modeling of tracer experiments indicated that the hydrologic retention factor (Rh), a measure of the average time that solute spends in storage per unit length of downstream transport, increased from 0.02 to 8 s/m. At the same time the ratio of cross-sectional area of storage zones to main channel cross-sectional area (As/A) increased from 0.2 to 0.8 m2/m2, and average water residence time in storage zones (ts) increased from 5 to 24 min. Compared with published data from four other streams in the US, Pinal Creek experienced the greatest change in hydrologic retention for a given change in streamflow. The other streams differed from Pinal Creek in that they experienced a change in streamflow between tracer experiments without substantial geomorphic or vegetative adjustments. As a result, a regression of hydrologic retention on streamflow developed for the other streams underpredicted the measured increases in hydrologic retention at Pinal Creek. The increase in hydrologic retention at Pinal Creek was more accurately predicted when measurements of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor were used (either alone or in addition to streamflow) as a predictor variable. We conclude that relatively simple measurements of channel friction are useful for predicting the response of hydrologic retention in streams to major adjustments in channel morphology as well as changes in streamflow.
The Animas River is in southwestern Colorado and flows mostly to the south to join the San Juan River at Farmington, New Mexico (Figure 1). The Upper Animas River watershed is in San Juan County, Colorado and is located in the San Juan Mountains. The lower river is in the Colorado Plateau country. The winters are cold with considerable snowfall and little snowmelt in the mountains in the upper part of the basin. The lower basin has less snow but the winters are still cold. The streamflows during the winter are low and reasonably stable.
\nThe native trout in the Animas Basin is the cutthroat trout. Few native trout remain and the trout found in the upper watershed are brook trout with rainbow and brown trout in the lower river. There is considerable metal contamination in the upper basin near Silverton but a brook trout fishery does exist in the Animas River from just above Howardsville to where the Animas joins Cement Creek in Silverton.
\nThere are two principle objectives of the habitat studies in the Animas Basin: (1) to improve understanding of the fate of sediment from mining operations from the view point of physical habitat impacts, and (2) to determine if reconnaissance level physical habitat studies can be useful in understanding the impacts of mining on the aquatic ecosystem.
\nPart of the project was to apply the Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) to selected locations in the Upper Animas River Basin, Colorado in order to demonstrate the importance of physical habitat in evaluating the efficacy of mined land remediation activities. Physical habitat analysis included the use of sedimentation variables in physical habitat simulations. A map of the Upper Animas Basin is presented in Figure 2.
\nThe project involves collecting data for the following locations: Animas River above Magee Creek; Animas River above Howardsville; Animas River below Howardsville; Animas River above Silverton at Hillsdale Cemetery; Animas River at Silverton; Cement Creek above Silverton; Cement Creek at Silverton; Mineral Creek at Powerline above Silverton; Mineral Creek at Campground; South Mineral Creek at Overflow Campground; Mineral Creek above Bear Creek; Mineral Creek at Silverton; Animas River below Silverton; and Animas River at Elk Park.
\nBed material samples were collected at each site. These included samples of the armour, the substrate, and sand and fines deposited on the surface. At selected sites the stream morphology was measured. These measurements included one to three cross sections, stream discharge, and water surface elevations. The data are located in the files of the Fort Collins Science Center.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003222","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 2003, Reconnaissance-level application of physical habitat simulation in the evaluation of physical habitat limits in the Animas Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-222, v, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003222.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2003222.PNG"},{"id":320296,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0222/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Animas River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.21807861328125,\n 36.697053200100335\n ],\n [\n -107.940673828125,\n 36.82247761166621\n ],\n [\n -107.74566650390625,\n 37.2587521486561\n ],\n [\n -107.53692626953125,\n 37.861844098370945\n ],\n [\n -107.611083984375,\n 37.93553306183642\n ],\n [\n -107.82257080078125,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -107.99835205078124,\n 37.54022177661216\n ],\n [\n -108.03131103515625,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -108.0670166015625,\n 37.00035919622158\n ],\n [\n -108.21807861328125,\n 36.697053200100335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186906,"text":"70186906 - 2003 - Two-dimensional inverse and three-dimensional forward modeling of MT (magnetotelluric) data to evaluate the mineral potential of the Amphitheater Mountains, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-13T14:44:32","indexId":"70186906","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Two-dimensional inverse and three-dimensional forward modeling of MT (magnetotelluric) data to evaluate the mineral potential of the Amphitheater Mountains, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"As part of an integrated geological and geophysical study to assess the mineral potential in the Amphitheater Mountains of south-central Alaska, USA, two magnetotelluric (MT) profiles were acquired during the summer of 2002. The two parallel MT lines, along with helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) and magnetic data acquired by the State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys and new detailed U.S. Geological Survey gravity data, are being used to investigate a feeder system to a Late Triassic flood basalt, the Nikolai Greenstone. The platinum-group-element-bearing, layered, and mafic-ultramafic sills of the Fish Lake and Tangle complexes and the geophysical responses suggest the presence of a substantial root of ultramafic material below the Amphitheater synform and several conductive, dense, magnetic, and possibly sulfide-bearing lenses within the surrounding Tangle Formation. The Amphitheater synform was defined by a prominent magnetic anomaly and the repetition of geologic units. Data from the HEM survey were used to assess and correct static shifts in the MT data. A striking conductivity anomaly was observable in the MT apparent resistivity data at sites on each line. Two-dimensional (2-D) inversion was used to model the geometry of the synform structure, electrical properties related to possible mineralization in the top few kilometers, and a feeder root to the magmatic system substantiated with potential field and geological models. The synform plunges to the west with the highly conductive zone ranging from depths of roughly 1.5 to 3.5 km where sampled. Two sensitivity analyses were performed to aid in assessment decisions. First, 2-D models were evaluated from several algorithms, including the rapid-relaxation inversion, the conjugate-gradient method, and Occam?s inversion with the use of different combinations of the apparent resistivity and phase for the transverse electric and magnetic modes. Second, a three-dimensional forward model, developed from the 2-D MT models and other geophysical and geological information, was constructed to further understand the response that could not be fit with the 2-D models.
","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 3DEM-3 symposium: Three dimensional electromagnetics III: ASEG Special Publications 2003(1)","conferenceTitle":"3DEM-3 Symposium: Three Dimensional Electromagnetics III","conferenceDate":"February 20-21, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Adelaide, Australia","language":"English","publisher":"Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1071/ASEG2003_3DEMab012","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, L., Schmidt, J.M., and Hoversten, G., 2003, Two-dimensional inverse and three-dimensional forward modeling of MT (magnetotelluric) data to evaluate the mineral potential of the Amphitheater Mountains, Alaska, USA, in Proceedings of the 3DEM-3 symposium: Three dimensional electromagnetics III: ASEG Special Publications 2003(1), Adelaide, Australia, February 20-21, 2003, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1071/ASEG2003_3DEMab012.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478383,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/aseg2003_3demab012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339701,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.aseg.org.au/proceedings-3dem-3-symposium-three-dimensional-electromagnetics-iii","text":"CD of Conference Proceedings from publisher"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Amphitheater Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e63e4b06911a29fa866","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Louise","contributorId":20824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, Jeanine M. jschmidt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeanine","email":"jschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoversten, G. Michael","contributorId":190873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoversten","given":"G. Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024661,"text":"70024661 - 2003 - Environmental fate and effects of the lampricide TFM: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024661","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Environmental fate and effects of the lampricide TFM: A review","docAbstract":"Use of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is limited geographically to the Great Lakes basin where it is the principal agent used in control of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). It is clear from available data that TFM has effects on the environment, but the effects reported are transient. Individual organisms and aquatic communities return to pretreatment conditions after lampricide treatments have concluded. TFM is not persistent, is detoxified, and presents minimal long-term toxicological risk. TFM is relatively nontoxic to mammals. Treatment levels do not pose a threat to wildlife. However, TFM is an estrogen agonist and additional testing to define the nature and magnitude of this effect will likely be required. Because stream treatments are done on 3 to 5 year cycles, and exposures are limited to approximately 12 h, minimal risk to aquatic organisms is expected.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","language":"English","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Hubert, T., 2003, Environmental fate and effects of the lampricide TFM: A review, in Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 456-474.","startPage":"456","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09bfe4b0c8380cd52049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubert, T.D.","contributorId":108066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187946,"text":"70187946 - 2003 - USGS Alaska Tissue Archival Projects: An update on FY02 activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T16:55:20","indexId":"70187946","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS Alaska Tissue Archival Projects: An update on FY02 activities","docAbstract":"The banking of environmental specimens under cryogenic conditions for future retrospective analysis has been recognized for many years as an important part of environmental monitoring programs. Since 1987, the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) has been collecting tissue samples from marine mammals for archival in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank (NBSB) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. The USGS, Alaska Biological Science Center (ABSC), the NOAA Fisheries, Office of Protected Resources (NMFS), and the NIST conduct this partnership project, which began under the Mineral Management Service (MMS) Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program. MMS remains the primary client agency for the AMMTAP providing programmatic guidance and review. The purpose of the project is to collect tissue samples from Alaska marine mammals and to store these specimens under the best conditions so that they can be analyzed for environmental contaminants and other constituents. A substantial part of the sample collection is from Arctic species and, since most of the animals sampled are from Alaska Native subsistence harvests, the project relies on cooperation and collaboration with several Alaska Native organizations and local governmental agencies.
Although a substantial amount of recent research has been conducted on contaminants in Alaskan marine mammals, few data exists on colonial seabirds nesting in Alaska. Like marine mammals, seabirds are an important group of upper trophic level marine organisms with a potential for accumulating lipophilic contaminants and are identified by MMS as species of interest for monitoring activities. More than 95% of the seabirds breeding in the continental United States nest at colonies in the Bering and Chukchi seas and Gulf of Alaska (see USFWS 1992). Realizing the value of colonial seabirds in environmental monitoring and the lack of recent data from Alaskan seabird colonies, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS-AMNWR), the U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division (USGS-BRD), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) initiated the Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) in 1998. The project was designed as a 100-year-long program to monitor long-term trends in environmental quality by collecting eggs at nesting colonies using standardized protocols, banking the egg contents under conditions that ensure chemical stability during long-term (decadal) storage, and analyzing subsamples of the stored material to establish baseline levels for persistent bioaccumulative contaminants (e.g., chlorinated pesticides, PCBs, mercury).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ninth information transfer meeting and Barrow information update meeting: Final proceedings (MMS 2003-042)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Ninth Information Transfer Meeting and Barrow Information Update Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 10-12, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Minerals Management Service","usgsCitation":"Weston-York, G., 2003, USGS Alaska Tissue Archival Projects: An update on FY02 activities, in Ninth information transfer meeting and Barrow information update meeting: Final proceedings (MMS 2003-042), Anchorage, AK, March 10-12, 2003, p. 63-65.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"65","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341735,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.boem.gov/Alaska-Reports-2003/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb9e4b0b7ff9fb4897f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weston-York, Geoff","contributorId":139571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weston-York","given":"Geoff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025464,"text":"70025464 - 2003 - Changes in the timing of high river flows in New England over the 20th Century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025464","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the timing of high river flows in New England over the 20th Century","docAbstract":"The annual timing of river flows is a good indicator of climate-related changes, or lack of changes, for rivers with long-term data that drain unregulated basins with stable land use. Changes in the timing of annual winter/spring (January 1 to May 31) and fall (October 1 to December 31) center of volume dates were analyzed for 27 rural, unregulated river gaging stations in New England, USA with an average of 68 years of record. The center of volume date is the date by which half of the total volume of water for a given period of time flows past a river gaging station, and is a measure of the timing of the bulk of flow within the time period. Winter/spring center of volume (WSCV) dates have become significantly earlier (p < 0.1) at all 11 river gaging stations in areas of New England where snowmelt runoff has the most effect on spring river flows. Most of this change has occurred in the last 30 years with dates advancing by 1-2 weeks. WSCV dates were correlated with March through April air temperatures (r = -0.72) and with January precipitation (r = -0.37). Three of 16 river gaging stations in the remainder of New England had significantly earlier WSCV dates. Four out of 27 river gaging stations had significantly earlier fall center of volume dates in New England. Changes in the timing of winter/spring and fall peak flow dates were consistent with the changes in the respective center of volume dates, given the greater variability in the peak flow dates. Changes in the WSCV dates over the last 30 years are consistent with previous studies of New England last-frost dates, lilac bloom dates, lake ice-out dates, and spring air temperatures. This suggests that these New England spring geophysical and biological changes all were caused by a common mechanism, temperature increases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00155-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G., Dudley, R.W., and Huntington, T., 2003, Changes in the timing of high river flows in New England over the 20th Century: Journal of Hydrology, v. 278, no. 1-4, p. 244-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00155-0.","startPage":"244","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209445,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00155-0"},{"id":235899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"278","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f436e4b0c8380cd4bbe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, G.A.","contributorId":14022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, R. W.","contributorId":90780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huntington, T.G. 0000-0002-9427-3530","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":64675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001794,"text":"1001794 - 2003 - Sampling designs for carnivore scent-station surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:58:22.934155","indexId":"1001794","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling designs for carnivore scent-station surveys","docAbstract":"Scent stations usually are deployed in clusters to expedite data collection and increase the number of stations that can be operated for a given cost. Presumed benefits of cluster sampling may not be realized, however, unless cluster sizes are chosen with respect to sampling variation within and among clusters. To encourage and facilitate the use of efficient designs and reporting standards, we used data collected in Minnesota, USA, during 1986-1991 to (1) compare the performance of survey designs with various numbers of stations/cluster; (2) estimate relations between required sample sizes and visitation rates, changes in visitation rates, and error rates; and (3) compare 2 measures of carnivore response: proportions of scent stations (station index) and proportions of clusters (line index) visited by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Despite broad ecological differences between the species, results were similar for foxes and skunks. Foxes visited 2-21% of stations and 15-84% of lines. Skunks visited 1-16% of stations and 3-54% of lines. Station and line indices were closely related (r2 > 0.86) and were similarly sensitive indicators of change in visitation rates. Low visitation rates greatly limited the potential usefulness of scent-station surveys because required minimum sample sizes increased exponentially as visitation rates decreased. For visitation rates below 5-10%, required minimum sample sizes were very large and difficult to anticipate. Relative to single-stage sampling, cluster sampling with 10 stations/cluster inflated sample variances, hence sample sizes required to achieve a fixed level of precision, by a factor of 1.6-2.2. Cluster sampling is advantageous only when cost savings permit increases in sample sizes that outweigh concomitant increases in sampling variability. Costs and sampling variation both should be considered when choosing survey designs, and designs should be evaluated and refined as data accumulate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802770","usgsCitation":"Sargeant, G., Johnson, D.H., and Berg, W.E., 2003, Sampling designs for carnivore scent-station surveys: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 67, no. 2, p. 289-299, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802770.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"299","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.62646484375,\n 48.019324184801185\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 48.25394114463431\n ],\n [\n -92.57080078125,\n 48.472921272487824\n ],\n [\n -94.85595703125,\n 49.33944093715546\n ],\n [\n -95.11962890625,\n 49.410973199695846\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 48.96579381461063\n ],\n [\n -97.27294921875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -96.9873046875,\n 47.78363463526376\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 46.84516443029276\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -96.43798828125,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -91.318359375,\n 43.43696596521823\n ],\n [\n -91.29638671875,\n 43.91372326852401\n ],\n [\n -93.14208984375,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -92.59277343749999,\n 45.47554027158593\n ],\n [\n -92.8564453125,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -92.08740234375,\n 46.830133640447386\n ],\n [\n -89.62646484375,\n 48.019324184801185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fde1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargeant, G.A.","contributorId":51681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berg, W. E.","contributorId":102424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024911,"text":"70024911 - 2003 - Influence of elk grazing on soil properties in Rocky Mountain National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024911","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of elk grazing on soil properties in Rocky Mountain National Park","docAbstract":"We used three 35-year exclosures to examine the effects of high elk populations on a variety of soil properties in three vegetation types: upland sagebrush, aspen, and meadow. Grazing and hoof action by elk significantly increased bulk density (from 0.87 kg/l ungrazed to 0.94 kg/l grazed), with greater effects on soils with fewer rocks. Grazing substantially reduced extractable calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus in the sagebrush type, but not in the aspen or meadow types. The only grazing effect on pH came in aspen types, where grazing prevented aspen establishment, and kept soil pH about 0.7 units higher than under aspen inside the exclosures. Grazing had no overall effect on total soil C and N across all exclosures and vegetation types. The availability of soil nitrogen, indexed by in-field resin bags and net mineralization in soil cores, showed little overall effect of grazing. Limited data on soil leaching indicated a possibility of strong increases in nitrate leaching with grazing for an aspen vegetation type at one exclosure. Although we found little effect of grazing on soil N supply, we note that N fertilization doubled the production of grasses and shrubs; if grazing eventually led to changes in soil N supply, species composition and growth would likely change. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00162-2","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Binkley, D., Singer, F., Kaye, M., and Rochelle, R., 2003, Influence of elk grazing on soil properties in Rocky Mountain National Park: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 185, no. 3, p. 239-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00162-2.","startPage":"239","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00162-2"},{"id":232829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"185","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b2ee4b0c8380cd622cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Binkley, Dan","contributorId":102419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binkley","given":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, F.","contributorId":52753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaye, M.","contributorId":85364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaye","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rochelle, R.","contributorId":21729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochelle","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025265,"text":"70025265 - 2003 - Aspen structure and variability in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025265","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspen structure and variability in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Elk, fire and climate have influenced aspen populations in the Rocky Mountains, but mostly subjective studies have characterized these factors. A broad-scale perspective may shed new light on the status of aspen in the region. We collected field measurements of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) patches encountered within 36 randomly located belt transects in 340 km2 of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, to quantify the aspen population. Aspen covered 5.6% of the area in the transects, much more than expected based on previously collected remotely sensed data. The distribution and structure of aspen patches were highly heterogeneous throughout the study area. Of the 123 aspen patches encountered in the 238 ha surveyed, all but one showed signs of elk browsing or had conifer species mixed with the aspen stems. No significant difference occurred in aspen basal area, density, regeneration, browsing of regeneration and patch size, between areas of concentrated elk use (elk winter range) and areas of dispersed elk use (elk summer range). Two-thirds of the aspen patches were mixed with conifer species. We concluded that the population of aspen in our study area is highly variable in structure and that, at a landscape-scale, evidence of elk browsing is widespread but evidence of aspen decline is not.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1026065826336","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Kaye, M., Stohlgren, T., and Binkley, D., 2003, Aspen structure and variability in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA: Landscape Ecology, v. 18, no. 6, p. 591-603, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026065826336.","startPage":"591","endPage":"603","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026065826336"},{"id":235849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edc1e4b0c8380cd499b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaye, Margot W.","contributorId":102031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaye","given":"Margot W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Binkley, Dan","contributorId":102419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binkley","given":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025861,"text":"70025861 - 2003 - Photographic techniques for characterizing streambed particle sizes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:17:39","indexId":"70025861","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photographic techniques for characterizing streambed particle sizes","docAbstract":"We developed photographic techniques to characterize coarse (>2-mm) and fine (≤2-mm) streambed particle sizes in 12 streams in Anchorage, Alaska. Results were compared with current sampling techniques to assess which provided greater sampling efficiency and accuracy. The streams sampled were wadeable and contained gravel—cobble streambeds. Gradients ranged from about 5% at the upstream sites to about 0.25% at the downstream sites. Mean particle sizes and size-frequency distributions resulting from digitized photographs differed significantly from those resulting from Wolman pebble counts for five sites in the analysis. Wolman counts were biased toward selecting larger particles. Photographic analysis also yielded a greater number of measured particles (mean = 989) than did the Wolman counts (mean = 328). Stream embeddedness ratings assigned from field and photographic observations were significantly different at 5 of the 12 sites, although both types of ratings showed a positive relationship with digitized surface fines. Visual estimates of embeddedness and digitized surface fines may both be useful indicators of benthic conditions, but digitizing surface fines produces quantitative rather than qualitative data. Benefits of the photographic techniques include reduced field time, minimal streambed disturbance, convenience of postfield processing, easy sample archiving, and improved accuracy and replication potential.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0605:PTFCSP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Whitman, M.S., Moran, E.H., and Ourso, R.T., 2003, Photographic techniques for characterizing streambed particle sizes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 3, p. 605-610, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0605:PTFCSP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"605","endPage":"610","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a22e4b0c8380cd78d55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitman, Matthew S.","contributorId":67961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, Edward H. emoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":5445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Edward","email":"emoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ourso, Robert T. 0000-0002-5952-8681 rtourso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5952-8681","contributorId":203207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ourso","given":"Robert","email":"rtourso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025176,"text":"70025176 - 2003 - Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-06T17:02:18.291394","indexId":"70025176","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR","title":"Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR","docAbstract":"The 23 October 2002 Nenana Mountain Earthquake (Mw ∼ 6.7) occurred on the Denali Fault (Alaska), to the west of the Mw ∼ 7.9 Denali Earthquake that ruptured the same fault 11 days later. We used 6 interferograms, constructed using radar images from the Canadian Radarsat-1 and European ERS-2 satellites, to determine the coseismic surface deformation and a source model. Data were acquired on ascending and descending satellite passes, with incidence angles between 23 and 45 degrees, and time intervals of 72 days or less. Modeling the event as dislocations in an elastic half space suggests that there was nearly 0.9 m of right-lateral strike-slip motion at depth, on a near-vertical fault, and that the maximum slip in the top 4 km of crust was less than 0.2 m. The Nenana Mountain Earthquake increased the Coulomb stress at the future hypocenter of the 3 November 2002, Denali Earthquake by 30–60 kPa.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018014","usgsCitation":"Wright, T.J., Lu, Z., and Wicks, C., 2003, Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 18, p. 12-1-12-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018014.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"12-1","endPage":"12-4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478411,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali fault, Nenana Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 62\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9330e4b08c986b31a34b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Tim J.","contributorId":84959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025192,"text":"70025192 - 2003 - Interannual growth dynamics of vegetation in the Kuparuk River watershed, Alaska based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:59:50","indexId":"70025192","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual growth dynamics of vegetation in the Kuparuk River watershed, Alaska based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","docAbstract":"Interannual above-ground production patterns are characterized for three tundra ecosystems in the Kuparuk River watershed of Alaska using NOAA-AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. NDVI values integrated over each growing season (SINDVI) were used to represent seasonal production patterns between 1989 and 1996. Spatial differences in ecosystem production were expected to follow north-south climatic and soil gradients, while interannual differences in production were expected to vary with variations in seasonal precipitation and temperature. It was hypothesized that the increased vegetation growth in high latitudes between 1981 and 1991 previously reported would continue through the period of investigation for the study watershed. Zonal differences in vegetation production were confirmed but interannual variations did not covary with seasonal precipitation or temperature totals. A sharp reduction in the SINDVI in 1992 followed by a consistent increase up to 1996 led to a further hypothesis that the interannual variations in SINDVI were associated with variations in stratospheric optical depth. Using published stratospheric optical depth values derived from the SAGE and SAGE-II satellites, it is demonstrated that variations in these depths are likely the primary cause of SINDVI interannual variability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/0143116021000021170","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Hope, A., Boynton, W., Stow, D., and Douglas, D., 2003, Interannual growth dynamics of vegetation in the Kuparuk River watershed, Alaska based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 24, no. 17, p. 3413-3425, https://doi.org/10.1080/0143116021000021170.","startPage":"3413","endPage":"3425","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209388,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0143116021000021170"}],"volume":"24","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ce6e4b0c8380cd63136","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hope, A.S.","contributorId":51076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hope","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boynton, W.L.","contributorId":7062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boynton","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stow, D.A.","contributorId":44336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025060,"text":"70025060 - 2003 - High-resolution topomapping of candidate MER landing sites with Mars Orbiter Camera narrow-angle images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:50:49","indexId":"70025060","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution topomapping of candidate MER landing sites with Mars Orbiter Camera narrow-angle images","docAbstract":"We analyzed narrow‐angle Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC‐NA) images to produce high‐resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) in order to provide topographic and slope information needed to assess the safety of candidate landing sites for the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) and to assess the accuracy of our results by a variety of tests. The mapping techniques developed also support geoscientific studies and can be used with all present and planned Mars‐orbiting scanner cameras. Photogrammetric analysis of MOC stereopairs yields DEMs with 3‐pixel (typically 10 m) horizontal resolution, vertical precision consistent with ∼0.22 pixel matching errors (typically a few meters), and slope errors of 1–3°. These DEMs are controlled to the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) global data set and consistent with it at the limits of resolution. Photoclinometry yields DEMs with single‐pixel (typically ∼3 m) horizontal resolution and submeter vertical precision. Where the surface albedo is uniform, the dominant error is 10–20% relative uncertainty in the amplitude of topography and slopes after “calibrating” photoclinometry against a stereo DEM to account for the influence of atmospheric haze. We mapped portions of seven candidate MER sites and the Mars Pathfinder site. Safety of the final four sites (Elysium, Gusev, Isidis, and Meridiani) was assessed by mission engineers by simulating landings on our DEMs of “hazard units” mapped in the sites, with results weighted by the probability of landing on those units; summary slope statistics show that most hazard units are smooth, with only small areas of etched terrain in Gusev crater posing a slope hazard.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2003JE002131","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., Howington-Kraus, E., Redding, B.L., Galuszka, D.M., Hare, T.M., Archinal, B.A., Soderblom, L.A., and Barrett, J.M., 2003, High-resolution topomapping of candidate MER landing sites with Mars Orbiter Camera narrow-angle images: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. 12, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JE002131.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478417,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003je002131","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev crater; Mars","volume":"108","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a313be4b0c8380cd5dd4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howington-Kraus, Elpitha 0000-0001-5787-6554 ahowington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-6554","contributorId":2815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howington-Kraus","given":"Elpitha","email":"ahowington@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redding, Bonnie L. 0000-0001-8178-1467 bredding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-1467","contributorId":4798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redding","given":"Bonnie","email":"bredding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galuszka, Donna M. 0000-0003-1870-1182 dgaluszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-1182","contributorId":3186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galuszka","given":"Donna","email":"dgaluszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barrett, Janet M. jbarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":5054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Janet","email":"jbarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70025484,"text":"70025484 - 2003 - Variable near-surface deformation along the Commerce segment of the Commerce geophysical lineament, southeast Missouri to southern Illinois, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025484","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variable near-surface deformation along the Commerce segment of the Commerce geophysical lineament, southeast Missouri to southern Illinois, USA","docAbstract":"Recent studies have demonstrated a plausible link between surface and near-surface tectonic features and the vertical projection of the Commerce geophysical lineament (CGL). The CGL is a 5- to 10-km-wide zone of basement magnetic and gravity anomalies traceable for more than 600 km, extending from Arkansas through southeast Missouri and southern Illinois and into Indiana. Twelve kilometers of high-resolution seismic reflection data, collected at four sites along a 175-km segment of the CGL projection, are interpreted to show varying amounts of deformation involving Tertiary and some Quaternary sediments. Some of the locally anomalous geomorphic features in the northern Mississippi embayment region (i.e., paleoliquefaction features, anomalous directional changes in stream channels, and areas of linear bluff escarpments) overlying the CGL can be correlated with specific faults and/or narrow zones of deformed (faulted and folded) strata that are imaged on high-resolution seismic reflection data. There is an observable change in near-surface deformation style and complexity progressing from the southwest to the northeast along the trace of the CGL. The seismic reflection data collaborate mapping evidence which suggests that this region has undergone a complex history of deformation, some of which is documented to be as young as Quaternary, during multiple episodes of reactivation under varying stress fields. This work, along with that of other studies presented in this volume, points to the existence of at least one major crustal feature outside the currently defined zone of seismic activity (New Madrid Seismic Zone) that should be considered as a significant potential source zone for seismogenic activity within the midcontinent region of the United States. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00156-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Odum, J.K., Stephenson, W.J., and Williams, R.A., 2003, Variable near-surface deformation along the Commerce segment of the Commerce geophysical lineament, southeast Missouri to southern Illinois, USA: Tectonophysics, v. 368, no. 1-4, p. 155-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00156-2.","startPage":"155","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209593,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00156-2"},{"id":236233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"368","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc143e4b08c986b32a4df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025139,"text":"70025139 - 2003 - Oxygen isotopes in nitrate: New reference materials for 18O:17O:16O measurements and observations on nitrate-water equilibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-06T22:40:48.761812","indexId":"70025139","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Oxygen isotopes in nitrate: New reference materials for 18O:17O:16O measurements and observations on nitrate-water equilibration","title":"Oxygen isotopes in nitrate: New reference materials for 18O:17O:16O measurements and observations on nitrate-water equilibration","docAbstract":"Despite a rapidly growing literature on analytical methods and field applications of O isotope-ratio measurements of NO3− in environmental studies, there is evidence that the reported data may not be comparable because reference materials with widely varying δ18O values have not been readily available. To address this problem, we prepared large quantities of two nitrate salts with contrasting O isotopic compositions for distribution as reference materials for O isotope-ratio measurements: USGS34 (KNO3) with low δ18O and USGS35 (NaNO3) with high δ18O and ‘mass-independent’ δ17O. The procedure used to produce USGS34 involved equilibration of HNO3 with 18O-depleted meteoric water. Nitric acid equilibration is proposed as a simple method for producing laboratory NO3− reference materials with a range of δ18O values and normal (mass-dependent) 18O:17O:16O variation. Preliminary data indicate that the equilibrium O isotope-fractionation factor (α) between [NO3−] and H2O decreases with increasing temperature from 1.0215 at 22°C to 1.0131 at 100°C. USGS35 was purified from the nitrate ore deposits of the Atacama Desert in Chile and has a high 17O:18O ratio owing to its atmospheric origin. These new reference materials, combined with previously distributed NO3− isotopic reference materials IAEA-N3 (=IAEA-NO-3) and USGS32, can be used to calibrate local laboratory reference materials for determining offset values, scale factors, and mass-independent effects on N and O isotope-ratio measurements in a wide variety of environmental NO3− samples. Preliminary analyses yield the following results (normalized with respect to VSMOW and SLAP, with reproducibilities of ±0.2–0.3‰, 1σ): IAEA-N3 has δ18O = +25.6‰ and δ17O = +13.2‰; USGS32 has δ18O = +25.7‰; USGS34 has δ18O = −27.9‰ and δ17O = −14.8‰; and USGS35 has δ18O = +57.5‰ and δ17O = +51.5‰.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.1123","issn":"09514198","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., Mroczkowski, S., and Coplen, T., 2003, Oxygen isotopes in nitrate: New reference materials for 18O:17O:16O measurements and observations on nitrate-water equilibration: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 17, no. 16, p. 1835-1846, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1123.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1835","endPage":"1846","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a72b1e4b0c8380cd76c41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mroczkowski, S.J.","contributorId":58673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mroczkowski","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024896,"text":"70024896 - 2003 - Imaging the Ferron Member of the Mancos Shale formation using reprocessed high-resolution 2-D seismic reflection data: Emery County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024896","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging the Ferron Member of the Mancos Shale formation using reprocessed high-resolution 2-D seismic reflection data: Emery County, Utah","docAbstract":"Late in 1982 and early in 1983, Arco Exploration contracted with Rocky Mountain Geophysical to acquired four high-resolution 2-D multichannel seismic reflection lines in Emery County, Utah. The primary goal in acquiring this data was an attempt to image the Ferron Member of the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale. Design of the high-resolution 2-D seismic reflection data acquisition used both a short geophone group interval and a short sample interval. An explosive energy source was used which provided an input pulse with broad frequency content and higher frequencies than typical non-explosive Vibroseis?? sources. Reflections produced by using this high-frequency energy source when sampled at a short interval are usually able to resolve shallow horizons that are relatively thin compared to those that can be resolved using more typical oil and gas exploration seismic reflection methods.The U.S. Geological Survey-Energy Resources Program, Geophysical Processing Group used the processing sequence originally applied by Arco in 1984 as a guide and experimented with processing steps applied in a different order using slightly different parameters in an effort to improve imaging the Ferron Member horizon. As with the Arco processed data there are sections along all four seismic lines where the data quality cannot be improved upon, and in fact the data quality is so poor that the Ferron horizon cannot be imaged at all.Interpretation of the seismic and core hole data indicates that the Ferron Member in the study area represent a deltaic sequence including delta front, lower delta plain, and upper delta plain environments. Correlating the depositional environments for the Ferron Member as indicated in the core holes with the thickness of Ferron Member suggests the presence of a delta lobe running from the northwest to the southeast through the study area. The presence of a deltaic channel system within the delta lobe complex might prove to be an interesting conventional exploration target along with the coal-bed methane production already proven in the area. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2003.09.001","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Taylor, D.J., 2003, Imaging the Ferron Member of the Mancos Shale formation using reprocessed high-resolution 2-D seismic reflection data: Emery County, Utah: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 56, no. 1-2, p. 171-201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2003.09.001.","startPage":"171","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207900,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2003.09.001"},{"id":233182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3886e4b0c8380cd615d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, D. J.","contributorId":50849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}