During the summer 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey collected geologic and geotechnical data for two sites on coastal bluffs along the eastern shore of Puget Sound, Washington. The U.S. Geological Survey also installed hydrologic instrumentation at the sites and collected specimens for laboratory testing. The two sites are located on City of Mukilteo open-space land and are about 0.6 kilometers apart. The bluffs at each site are approximately 42 meters high, and rise steeply from the shoreline with 32–35° slopes. The more northerly of the two sites occupies an active landslide and is mostly unvegetated. The other site is forested, and although stable during the preparation of this report, shows evidence of historical and potential landslide activity. The slopes of the bluffs at both sites are mantled by a thin, nonuniform colluvium underlain by clay-rich glacial deposits and tills of the Whidbey Formation or Double Bluff Drift. Till consisting of sand, gravel, and cobbles caps the bluffs and rests on finer grained glacial deposits of sand, silt, and clay. These types of different glacial deposits are dense, vertically fractured, and generally have low permeability, but field observations indicate that locally the deposits are sufficiently permeable to allow lateral flow of water along fractures and subhorizontal boundaries between deposits of different texture. Laboratory tests indicate that many of the deposits are highly plastic, with low hydraulic conductivity, and moderate shear strength. Steep slopes combined with the strength and hydraulic characteristics of the deposits leave the bluffs prone to slope instability, particularly during the wet season when infiltrating rainfall changes moisture content, pore-water pressure, and effective stress within the hillslope. The instrumentation was designed to primarily observe rainfall variability and hydrologic changes in the subsurface that can affect stability of the bluffs, and also to compare the hydrologic response between areas where previous landslides have disturbed vegetation and areas where the bluff is apparently more stable and well vegetated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161082","collaboration":"Prepared as part of a Technical Assistance Agreement with Sound Transit","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B.B., Smith, J.B., Stark, Benjamin, Lewis, York, Michel, Abigail, and Baum, R.L., 2016, Assessing landslide potential on coastal bluffs near Mukilteo, Washington—Geologic site characterization for hydrologic monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1082, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161082.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p. HTML Document: Data Release","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075317","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438597,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H13033","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Lab tests for specimens from Mukilteo, WA, 2016"},{"id":324697,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1082/ofr20161082.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1082"},{"id":324696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1082/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":324698,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7H13033","text":"Laboratory Testing Results: Material strength and hydraulic properties for specimens collected from coastal bluffs near Mukilteo, Washington","description":"OFR 2016-1082 Data"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.66098022460939,\n 48.448333001219005\n ],\n [\n -122.68157958984375,\n 48.448333001219005\n ],\n [\n -122.68844604492186,\n 48.43193420325806\n ],\n [\n -122.67608642578126,\n 48.4164415885222\n ],\n [\n -122.67333984374999,\n 48.37632112598019\n ],\n [\n -122.77084350585938,\n 48.26034139584532\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 48.17158081783164\n ],\n [\n -122.91778564453125,\n 48.09275716032736\n ],\n [\n -122.90679931640624,\n 47.7476346002088\n ],\n [\n -122.90267944335938,\n 47.6441113460123\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 47.646886969413\n ],\n [\n -122.75024414062499,\n 47.666312203609145\n ],\n [\n -122.67745971679688,\n 47.585789182379905\n ],\n [\n -122.56759643554689,\n 47.304378285521565\n ],\n [\n -122.46734619140625,\n 47.280160670764744\n ],\n [\n -122.39730834960938,\n 47.26711582310954\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 47.352780247239586\n ],\n [\n -122.3272705078125,\n 47.525547335516556\n ],\n [\n -122.30804443359375,\n 47.78363463526376\n ],\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 47.989002568678686\n ],\n [\n -122.1844482421875,\n 48.060643120324514\n ],\n [\n -122.38632202148438,\n 48.31882083063846\n ],\n [\n -122.66098022460939,\n 48.448333001219005\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Probabilities of arsenic in groundwater at depths used for domestic and public supply in the Central Valley of California are predicted using weak-learner ensemble models (boosted regression trees, BRT) and more traditional linear models (logistic regression, LR). Both methods captured major processes that affect arsenic concentrations, such as the chemical evolution of groundwater, redox differences, and the influence of aquifer geochemistry. Inferred flow-path length was the most important variable but near-surface-aquifer geochemical data also were significant. A unique feature of this study was that previously predicted nitrate concentrations in three dimensions were themselves predictive of arsenic and indicated an important redox effect at >10 μg/L, indicating low arsenic where nitrate was high. Additionally, a variable representing three-dimensional aquifer texture from the Central Valley Hydrologic Model was an important predictor, indicating high arsenic associated with fine-grained aquifer sediment. BRT outperformed LR at the 5 μg/L threshold in all five predictive performance measures and at 10 μg/L in four out of five measures. BRT yielded higher prediction sensitivity (39%) than LR (18%) at the 10 μg/L threshold–a useful outcome because a major objective of the modeling was to improve our ability to predict high arsenic areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b01914","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J.D., Nolan, B.T., and Gronberg, J.M., 2016, Predicting arsenic in drinking water wells of the Central Valley, California: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 14, p. 7555-7563, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01914.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"7555","endPage":"7563","ipdsId":"IP-074943","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","volume":"50","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f6e4b014cc3a3ba4c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. 0000-0002-1892-2738 jayotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1892-2738","contributorId":149619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-4822-7434 jmgronbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-7434","contributorId":3548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","email":"jmgronbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186193,"text":"70186193 - 2016 - Hydrogeologic controls on groundwater discharge and nitrogen loads in a coastal watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:50:47","indexId":"70186193","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic controls on groundwater discharge and nitrogen loads in a coastal watershed","docAbstract":"Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a small portion of the global water budget, but a potentially large contributor to coastal nutrient budgets due to high concentrations relative to stream discharge. A numerical groundwater flow model of the Inland Bays Watershed, Delaware, USA, was developed to identify the primary hydrogeologic factors that affect groundwater discharge rates and transit times to streams and bays. The distribution of groundwater discharge between streams and bays is sensitive to the depth of the water table below land surface. Higher recharge and reduced hydraulic conductivity raised the water table and increased discharge to streams relative to bays compared to the Reference case (in which 66% of recharge is discharged to streams). Increases to either factor decreased transit times for discharge to both streams and bays compared to the Reference case (in which mean transit times are 56.5 and 94.3 years, respectively), though sensitivity to recharge is greater. Groundwater-borne nitrogen loads were calculated from nitrogen concentrations measured in discharging fresh groundwater and modeled SGD rates. These loads combined with long SGD transit times suggest groundwater-borne nitrogen reductions and estuarine water quality improvements will lag decades behind implementation of efforts to manage nutrient sources. This work enhances understanding of the hydrogeologic controls on and uncertainties in absolute and relative rates and transit times of groundwater discharge to streams and bays in coastal watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.013","usgsCitation":"Russoniello, C.J., Konikow, L.F., Kroeger, K.D., Fernandez, C., Andres, A., and Michael, H.A., 2016, Hydrogeologic controls on groundwater discharge and nitrogen loads in a coastal watershed: Journal of Hydrology, v. 538, p. 783-793, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"783","endPage":"793","ipdsId":"IP-071064","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8150","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"538","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac0e4b02ff32c6aea2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russoniello, Chrtopher J.","contributorId":190221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russoniello","given":"Chrtopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernandez, Cristina","contributorId":190222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andres, A. Scott","contributorId":64750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andres","given":"A. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michael, Holly A.","contributorId":190224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michael","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70186328,"text":"70186328 - 2016 - Actively heated high-resolution fiber-optic-distributed temperature sensing to quantify streambed flow dynamics in zones of strong groundwater upwelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:45:11","indexId":"70186328","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Actively heated high-resolution fiber-optic-distributed temperature sensing to quantify streambed flow dynamics in zones of strong groundwater upwelling","docAbstract":"Zones of strong groundwater upwelling to streams enhance thermal stability and moderate thermal extremes, which is particularly important to aquatic ecosystems in a warming climate. Passive thermal tracer methods used to quantify vertical upwelling rates rely on downward conduction of surface temperature signals. However, moderate to high groundwater flux rates (>−1.5 m d−1) restrict downward propagation of diurnal temperature signals, and therefore the applicability of several passive thermal methods. Active streambed heating from within high-resolution fiber-optic temperature sensors (A-HRTS) has the potential to define multidimensional fluid-flux patterns below the extinction depth of surface thermal signals, allowing better quantification and separation of local and regional groundwater discharge. To demonstrate this concept, nine A-HRTS were emplaced vertically into the streambed in a grid with ∼0.40 m lateral spacing at a stream with strong upward vertical flux in Mashpee, Massachusetts, USA. Long-term (8–9 h) heating events were performed to confirm the dominance of vertical flow to the 0.6 m depth, well below the extinction of ambient diurnal signals. To quantify vertical flux, short-term heating events (28 min) were performed at each A-HRTS, and heat-pulse decay over vertical profiles was numerically modeled in radial two dimension (2-D) using SUTRA. Modeled flux values are similar to those obtained with seepage meters, Darcy methods, and analytical modeling of shallow diurnal signals. We also observed repeatable differential heating patterns along the length of vertically oriented sensors that may indicate sediment layering and hyporheic exchange superimposed on regional groundwater discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015WR018219","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Buckley, S.F., Bagtzoglou, A.C., Werkema, D.D., and Lane, J.W., 2016, Actively heated high-resolution fiber-optic-distributed temperature sensing to quantify streambed flow dynamics in zones of strong groundwater upwelling: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 7, p. 5179-5194, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018219.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"5179","endPage":"5194","ipdsId":"IP-074563","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr018219","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b2e4b09da679997794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, Sean F. sbuckley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Sean","email":"sbuckley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.","contributorId":190400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bagtzoglou","given":"Amvrossios","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werkema, Dale D.","contributorId":190401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werkema","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":688342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70184483,"text":"70184483 - 2016 - Rapid response, monitoring, and mitigation of induced seismicity near Greeley, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T10:24:35","indexId":"70184483","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid response, monitoring, and mitigation of induced seismicity near Greeley, Colorado","docAbstract":"On 1 June 2014 (03:35 UTC), an Mw 3.2 earthquake occurred in Weld County, Colorado, a historically aseismic area of the Denver–Julesburg basin. Weld County is a prominent area of oil and gas development, including many high‐rate class II wastewater injection wells. In the days following the earthquake, the University of Colorado, with support from the U.S. Geological Survey and Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology–Portable Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere, rapidly deployed six seismic stations to characterize the seismicity associated with the 1 June earthquake (the Greeley sequence) and to investigate its possible connection to wastewater disposal. The spatial and temporal proximity of earthquakes to a high‐rate wastewater disposal well strongly suggests these earthquakes were induced. Scientific communication between the university, state agencies, and the energy industry led to rapid mitigation strategies to reduce the occurrence of further earthquakes. Mitigation efforts included implementing a temporary moratorium on injection at the well, cementing the bottom portion of the disposal well to minimize hydrologic connectivity between the disposal formation and the underlying crystalline basement, and subsequently allowing injection to resume at lower rates. Following the resumption of wastewater disposal, microseismicity was closely monitored for both increases in earthquake rate and magnitude. Following mitigation efforts, between 13 August 2014 and 29 December 2015, no earthquakes larger than M 1.5 occurred near the Greeley sequence. This study demonstrates that a detailed and rapid characterization of a seismic sequence in space and time relative to disposal, combined with collaboration and communication between scientists, regulators, and industry, can lead to objective and actionable mitigation efforts that potentially reduced the rate of earthquakes and the possible generation of larger earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220150275","usgsCitation":"Yeck, W.L., Sheehan, A., Benz, H.M., Weingarten, M., and Nakai, J., 2016, Rapid response, monitoring, and mitigation of induced seismicity near Greeley, Colorado: Seismological Research Letters, v. 87, no. 4, p. 837-847, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150275.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"837","endPage":"847","ipdsId":"IP-074049","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Greeley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.82536315917967,\n 40.35596325640413\n ],\n [\n -104.47792053222656,\n 40.35596325640413\n ],\n [\n -104.47792053222656,\n 40.531545551348394\n ],\n [\n -104.82536315917967,\n 40.531545551348394\n ],\n [\n -104.82536315917967,\n 40.35596325640413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c93de4b0f37a93ee9b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeck, William L. 0000-0002-2801-8873 wyeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-8873","contributorId":147558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeck","given":"William","email":"wyeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheehan, A.F","contributorId":187782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"A.F","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weingarten, Matthew","contributorId":138656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weingarten","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12481,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nakai, Jenny","contributorId":187783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakai","given":"Jenny","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":681668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70174036,"text":"70174036 - 2016 - Simulated effect of topography and soil properties on hydrologic response and landslide potential under variable rainfall conditions in the Oregon Coast Range, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-08T11:41:15","indexId":"70174036","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulated effect of topography and soil properties on hydrologic response and landslide potential under variable rainfall conditions in the Oregon Coast Range, USA","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides and engineered slopes. Experience, theory and practice Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"12th International Symposium on Landslides","conferenceDate":"June 12-19, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Napoli, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Associazione Geotecnica Italiana","publisherLocation":"Rome, Italy","doi":"10.1201/b21520-176","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B.B., Smith, J.B., Godt, J.W., Baum, R., and Coe, J.A., 2016, Simulated effect of topography and soil properties on hydrologic response and landslide potential under variable rainfall conditions in the Oregon Coast Range, USA, in Landslides and engineered slopes. Experience, theory and practice Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Landslides, Napoli, Italy, June 12-19, 2016, p. 1431-1439, https://doi.org/10.1201/b21520-176.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1431","endPage":"1439","ipdsId":"IP-072370","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28bafe4b0571647d0f944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X bbmirus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":4064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbmirus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Joel B. 0000-0001-7219-7875 jbsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-7875","contributorId":4925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joel","email":"jbsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187252,"text":"70187252 - 2016 - Validation of a stream and riparian habitat assessment protocol using stream salamanders in the southwest Virginia coalfields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-28T13:10:41","indexId":"70187252","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2526,"text":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of a stream and riparian habitat assessment protocol using stream salamanders in the southwest Virginia coalfields","docAbstract":"Within the central Appalachia Coalfields, the aquatic impacts of large-scale land uses, such as surface mining, are of particular ecological concern. Identification and quantification of land use impacts to aquatic ecosystems are a necessary first step to aid in mitigation of negative consequences to biota. However, quantifying physical environmental quality such as stream and riparian habitat often can be quite difficult, particularly when there is time or fiscal limitations. As such, standard protocols such as the U.S. EPA’s Stream Habitat Rapid Bioassessment Protocol have been established to be cost- and time-effective. This protocol estimates ten different stream and riparian conditions on a scale of 0 to 20. Unfortunately, using estimations can be problematic because of large potential variation in the scoring depending on differences in training, experience, and opinion of the personnel doing the estimations. In order to help negate these biases and provide a simplified process, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) developed a functional assessment for streams that measures 11 stream and riparian variables along with watershed land use to calculate three different scores, a hydrology score, biogeochemical score, and habitat score. In our study, we examined the correlation of stream salamander presence and abundance to the three USACE scores. In the summer of 2013, we visited 70 sites in the southwest Virginia Coalfields multiple times to collect salamanders and quantify stream and riparian microhabitat parameters. Using occupancy and abundance analyses, we found strong relationships among three Desmognathus spp. and the USACE Habitat FCI score. Accordingly, the Habitat FCI score provides a reasonable assessment of physical instream and riparian conditions that may serve as a surrogate for understanding the community composition and integrity of aquatic salamander in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":" American Society of Mining and Reclamation","doi":"10.21000/JASMR16010045","usgsCitation":"Sweeten, S.E., and Ford, W.M., 2016, Validation of a stream and riparian habitat assessment protocol using stream salamanders in the southwest Virginia coalfields: Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, v. 5, no. 1, p. 45-66, https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR16010045.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-064392","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.21000/jasmr16010045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590454a4e4b022cee40dc238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweeten, Sara E.","contributorId":191565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweeten","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179635,"text":"70179635 - 2016 - Finite-element modelling of physics-based hillslope hydrology, Keith Beven, and beyond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-09T11:35:22","indexId":"70179635","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Finite-element modelling of physics-based hillslope hydrology, Keith Beven, and beyond","docAbstract":"Keith Beven is a voice of reason on the intelligent use of models and the subsequent acknowledgement/assessment of the uncertainties associated with environmental simula-tion. With several books and hundreds of papers, Keith’s work is widespread, well known, and highly referenced. Four of Keith’s most notable contributions are the iconic TOPMODEL (Beven and Kirkby, 1979), classic papers on macropores and preferential flow (Beven and Germann, 1982, 2013), two editions of the rainfall-runoff modelling bible (Beven, 2000a, 2012), and the selection/commentary for the first volume from the Benchmark Papers in Hydrology series (Beven, 2006b). Remarkably, the thirty-one papers in his benchmark volume, entitled Streamflow Generation Processes, are not tales of modelling wizardry but describe measurements designed to better understand the dynamics of near-surface systems (quintessential Keith). The impetus for this commentary is Keith’sPhD research (Beven, 1975), where he developed a new finite-element model and conducted concept-development simu-lations based upon the processes identified by, for example, Richards (1931), Horton (1933), Hubbert (1940), Hewlett and Hibbert (1963), and Dunne and Black (1970a,b). Readers not familiar with the different mechanisms of streamflow generation are referred to Dunne (1978).","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10762","usgsCitation":"Loague, K., and Ebel, B.A., 2016, Finite-element modelling of physics-based hillslope hydrology, Keith Beven, and beyond: Hydrological Processes, v. 30, no. 14, p. 2432-2437, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10762.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2432","endPage":"2437","ipdsId":"IP-071061","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5874b0ade4b0a829a320bb69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loague, Keith","contributorId":178119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loague","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180261,"text":"70180261 - 2016 - Bayesian nitrate source apportionment to individual groundwater wells in the Central Valley by use of elemental and isotopic tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:34:01","indexId":"70180261","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian nitrate source apportionment to individual groundwater wells in the Central Valley by use of elemental and isotopic tracers","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality is a concern in alluvial aquifers that underlie agricultural areas, such as in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Shallow domestic wells (less than 150 m deep) in agricultural areas are often contaminated by nitrate. Agricultural and rural nitrate sources include dairy manure, synthetic fertilizers, and septic waste. Knowledge of the relative proportion that each of these sources contributes to nitrate concentration in individual wells can aid future regulatory and land management decisions. We show that nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate, boron isotopes, and iodine concentrations are a useful, novel combination of groundwater tracers to differentiate between manure, fertilizers, septic waste, and natural sources of nitrate. Furthermore, in this work, we develop a new Bayesian mixing model in which these isotopic and elemental tracers were used to estimate the probability distribution of the fractional contributions of manure, fertilizers, septic waste, and natural sources to the nitrate concentration found in an individual well. The approach was applied to 56 nitrate-impacted private domestic wells located in the San Joaquin Valley. Model analysis found that some domestic wells were clearly dominated by the manure source and suggests evidence for majority contributions from either the septic or fertilizer source for other wells. But, predictions of fractional contributions for septic and fertilizer sources were often of similar magnitude, perhaps because modeled uncertainty about the fraction of each was large. For validation of the Bayesian model, fractional estimates were compared to surrounding land use and estimated source contributions were broadly consistent with nearby land use types.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015WR018523","usgsCitation":"Ransom, K.M., Grote, M.N., Deinhart, A., Eppich, G., Kendall, C., Sanborn, M.E., Sounders, A.K., Wimpenny, J., Yin, Q., Young, M.B., and Harter, T., 2016, Bayesian nitrate source apportionment to individual groundwater wells in the Central Valley by use of elemental and isotopic tracers: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 7, p. 5577-5597, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018523.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"5577","endPage":"5597","ipdsId":"IP-076967","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr018523","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.52001953124999,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -121.39892578125,\n 37.57070524233116\n ],\n [\n -119.893798828125,\n 35.63051198300061\n ],\n [\n -118.6907958984375,\n 35.652832827451654\n ],\n [\n -119.08630371093749,\n 36.319551259461186\n ],\n [\n -119.55322265624999,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -120.52001953124999,\n 38.03078569382294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1977e4b0ad67323f97e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ransom, Katherine M","contributorId":178789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ransom","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grote, Mark N.","contributorId":178790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grote","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deinhart, Amanda","contributorId":178791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deinhart","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eppich, Gary","contributorId":178796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eppich","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanborn, Matthew E.","contributorId":178792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanborn","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sounders, A. 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This study compares the shallow groundwater quality (nutrients, pharmaceuticals, and hormones) downgradient of OWDS before and after Hurricane Sandy, where available, and establishes a baseline for wastewater influence on groundwater in coastal communities inundated by Hurricane Sandy. Nutrients and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) were detected in shallow groundwater downgradient of OWDS in two settings along the New Jersey and New York coastlines: 1) a single, centralized OWDS in a park; and 2) multiple OWDS (cesspools) in low-density residential and mixed-use/medium density residential areas. The most frequently detected pharmaceuticals were lidocaine (40%), carbamazepine (36%), and fexofenadine, bupropion, desvenlafaxine, meprobamate, and tramadol (24–32%). Increases in the number and total concentration of pharmaceuticals after Hurricane Sandy may reflect other factors (seasonality, usage) besides inundation, and demonstrate the importance of analyzing for a wide variety of CECs in regional studies.
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","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":644538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70174453,"text":"70174453 - 2016 - Comparison of wastewater-associated contaminants in the bed sediment of Hempstead Bay, New York, before and after Hurricane Sandy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:19:14","indexId":"70174453","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-30T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of wastewater-associated contaminants in the bed sediment of Hempstead Bay, New York, before and after Hurricane Sandy","docAbstract":"Changes in bed sediment chemistry of Hempstead Bay (HB) have been evaluated in the wake of Hurricane Sandy, which resulted in the release of billions of liters of poorly-treated sewage into tributaries and channels throughout the bay. Surficial grab samples (top 5 cm) collected before and (or) after Hurricane Sandy from sixteen sites in HB were analyzed for 74 wastewater tracers and steroid hormones, and total organic carbon. Data from pre- and post-storm comparisons of the most frequently detected wastewater tracers and ratios of steroid hormone and of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations indicate an increased sewage signal near outfalls and downstream of where raw sewage was discharged. Median concentration of wastewater tracers decreased after the storm at sites further from outfalls. Overall, changes in sediment quality probably resulted from a combination of additional sewage inputs, sediment redistribution, and stormwater runoff in the days to weeks following Hurricane Sandy.
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The flood-inundationmaps, which can be accessed through the International Joint Commission (IJC) Web site at http://www.ijc.org/en_/, depict estimates of the areal extent flooding correspondingto selected water levels (stages) at the USGS lake gage on the Richelieu River (Lake Champlain) at Rouses Point, N.Y. (station number 04295000). In this study, wind and seiche effects (standing oscillating wave with a long wavelength) were not taken into account and the flood-inundation mapsreflect 11 stages (elevations) for Lake Champlain that are static for the study length of the lake. Near-real-time stages at this lake gage, and others on Lake Champlain, may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at the Richelieu River (Lake Champlain) at Rouses Point.
Static flood boundary extents were determined for LakeChamplain in Addison, Chittenden, Franklin, and Grand Isle Counties in Vermont and northern Clinton County in New York using recently acquired (2013–2014) lidar (light detection and ranging) and may be referenced to any of the five USGS lake gages on Lake Champlain. Of these five lakgages, USGS lake gage 04295000, Richelieu River (Lake Champlain) at Rouses Point, N.Y., is the only USGS lake gage that is also a National Weather Service prediction location. Flood boundary extents for the Lake Champlain static flood-inundation map corresponding to the May 201 flood(103.2 feet [ft], National Geodetic Vertical Datum [NGVD] 29) were evaluated by comparing these boundary extents against the inundation area extents determined for the May 2011 flood (which incorporated documented high-water marksfrom the flood of May 201) (Bjerklie and others, 2014).
A digital elevation model (DEM) was created by USGS, within a geographic information system (GIS), from the recently flown and processed light detection and ranging(lidar) data (2013–2014) in Vermont and the lake shore area of northern Clinton County in New York. The lidar data have a vertical accuracy of 0.3 to 0.6-ft (9.6 to 18.0-centimeters [cm]) and a horizontal resolution of 2.3 to 4.6 ft (0.7 to 1.4 meters). This DEM was used in determining the floodboundary for 11 flood stages at 0.5-ft intervals from 100.0 to104.0 ft (NGVD 29) and 1-ft intervals from 104.0 to 106.0 ft (NGVD 29) as referenced to the USGS lake gage 04295000, Richelieu River (Lake Champlain) at Rouses Point, N.Y. In addition, the May 2011 flood-inundation area for elevation103.20 ft (NGVD 29) (102.77 ft, North American Vertical Datum [NAVD] 88) was determined from this DEM. The May 2011 flood is the highest recorded lake water level (stage)at the Rouses Point, N.Y., lake gage. Flood stages greater than 101.5 ft (NGVD 29) exceed the “major flood stage”as defined by the NationalWeather Service for USGS lake gage 04295000.
The availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS lake gage and forecasted high-flow stages from the NationalWeather Service, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood responseactivities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery eforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Joint Commission","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., and Hayes, Laura, 2016, Flood-inundation maps for Lake Champlain in Vermont and in northern Clinton County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5060, 11 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165060.","productDescription":"vi, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068359","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323821,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5060/sir20165060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5060"},{"id":323820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5060/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.4600830078125,\n 43.614205328810954\n ],\n [\n -73.4600830078125,\n 45.00753503123719\n ],\n [\n -73.11676025390625,\n 45.00753503123719\n ],\n [\n -73.11676025390625,\n 43.614205328810954\n ],\n [\n -73.4600830078125,\n 43.614205328810954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
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331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
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http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
Bed sediment samples from 79 coastal New York and New Jersey, USA sites were analyzed for 75 compounds including wastewater associated contaminants, PAHs, and other organic compounds to assess the post-Hurricane Sandy distribution of organic contaminants among six regions. These results provide the first assessment of wastewater compounds, hormones, and PAHs in bed sediment for this region. Concentrations of most wastewater contaminants and PAHs were highest in the most developed region (Upper Harbor/Newark Bay, UHNB) and reflected the wastewater inputs to this area. Although the lack of pre-Hurricane Sandy data for most of these compounds make it impossible to assess the effect of the storm on wastewater contaminant concentrations, PAH concentrations in the UHNB region reflect pre-Hurricane Sandy conditions in this region. Lower hormone concentrations than predicted by the total organic carbon relation occurred in UHNB samples, suggesting that hormones are being degraded in the UHNB region.
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","email":"ksmall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Romanok, Kristin M. 0000-0002-8472-8765 kromanok@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8472-8765","contributorId":169543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanok","given":"Kristin M. ","email":"kromanok@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Foreman, William T. 0000-0002-2530-3310 wforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2530-3310","contributorId":169108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T. ","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"ReVello, Rhiannon C. rcrevell@usgs.gov","contributorId":4128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ReVello","given":"Rhiannon C.","email":"rcrevell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jones, Daniel K. 0000-0003-0724-8001 dkjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-8001","contributorId":4959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Daniel","email":"dkjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70174026,"text":"ofr20161106 - 2016 - Updated logistic regression equations for the calculation of post-fire debris-flow likelihood in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-30T14:43:17","indexId":"ofr20161106","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-30T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1106","title":"Updated logistic regression equations for the calculation of post-fire debris-flow likelihood in the western United States","docAbstract":"Wildfire can significantly alter the hydrologic response of a watershed to the extent that even modest rainstorms can generate dangerous flash floods and debris flows. To reduce public exposure to hazard, the U.S. Geological Survey produces post-fire debris-flow hazard assessments for select fires in the western United States. We use publicly available geospatial data describing basin morphology, burn severity, soil properties, and rainfall characteristics to estimate the statistical likelihood that debris flows will occur in response to a storm of a given rainfall intensity. Using an empirical database and refined geospatial analysis methods, we defined new equations for the prediction of debris-flow likelihood using logistic regression methods. We showed that the new logistic regression model outperformed previous models used to predict debris-flow likelihood.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161106","usgsCitation":"Staley, D.M., Negri, J.A., Kean, J.W., Laber, J.M., Tillery, A.C., and Youberg, A.M., 2016, Updated logistic regression equations for the calculation of post-fire debris-flow likelihood in the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1106, 13 p., https://dx.doi.org/ofr20161106.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076051","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324673,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1106/ofr20161106.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1106 Report"},{"id":324672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1106/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":324675,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1106/ofr20161106_appx-1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"268 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1106 Appendix 1"}],"contact":"Center Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Effluent-impacted surface water has the potential to transport not only water, but wastewater-derived contaminants to shallow groundwater systems. To better understand the effects of effluent discharge on in-stream and near-stream hydrologic conditions in wastewater-impacted systems, water-level changes were monitored in hyporheic-zone and shallow-groundwater piezometers in a reach of Fourmile Creek adjacent to and downstream of the Ankeny (Iowa, USA) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Water-level changes were monitored from approximately 1.5 months before to 0.5 months after WWTP closure. Diurnal patterns in WWTP discharge were closely mirrored in stream and shallow-groundwater levels immediately upstream and up to 3 km downstream of the outfall, indicating that such discharge was the primary control on water levels before shutdown. The hydrologic response to WWTP shutdown was immediately observed throughout the study reach, verifying the far-reaching hydraulic connectivity and associated contaminant transport risk. The movement of WWTP effluent into alluvial aquifers has implications for potential WWTP-derived contamination of shallow groundwater far removed from the WWTP outfall.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/c6ew00128a","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, L.E., Keefe, S.H., Kolpin, D.W., Barber, L.B., Duris, J.W., Hutchinson, K.J., and Bradley, P.M., 2016, Understanding the hydrologic impacts of wastewater treatment plant discharge to shallow groundwater: Before and after plant shutdown: Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, v. 2, p. 864-874, https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ew00128a.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"864","endPage":"874","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073598","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RF5S3P","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Precipitation, surface-water discharge, and groundwater elevation data for Fourmile Creek, Ankeny, Iowa, USA during October 1, 2013 to November 30, 2013"},{"id":324665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Fourmile Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.7408447265625,\n 41.4684573556768\n ],\n [\n -93.7408447265625,\n 41.75184866809371\n ],\n [\n -93.43185424804688,\n 41.75184866809371\n ],\n [\n -93.43185424804688,\n 41.4684573556768\n ],\n [\n -93.7408447265625,\n 41.4684573556768\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5776349ee4b07dd077c829d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, Laura E. 0000-0003-3813-1500 lhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-1500","contributorId":4221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Laura","email":"lhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefe, Steffanie H. 0000-0002-3805-6101 shkeefe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-6101","contributorId":2843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"Steffanie","email":"shkeefe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":172426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hutchinson, Kasey J. khutchin@usgs.gov","contributorId":4223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Kasey","email":"khutchin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70173856,"text":"sir20165088 - 2016 - Completion summary for boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN‑2272 at Test Area North, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:34:45","indexId":"sir20165088","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5088","title":"Completion summary for boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN‑2272 at Test Area North, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, drilled and constructed boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272 for stratigraphic framework analyses and long-term groundwater monitoring of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory in southeast Idaho. Borehole TAN-2271 initially was cored to collect continuous geologic data, and then re-drilled to complete construction as a monitor well. Borehole TAN-2272 was partially cored between 210 and 282 feet (ft) below land surface (BLS) then drilled and constructed as a monitor well. Boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272 are separated by about 63 ft and have similar geologic layers and hydrologic characteristics based on geologic, geophysical, and aquifer test data collected. The final construction for boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272 required 10-inch (in.) diameter carbon-steel well casing and 9.9-in. diameter open-hole completion below the casing to total depths of 282 and 287 ft BLS, respectively. Depth to water is measured near 228 ft BLS in both boreholes. Following construction and data collection, temporary submersible pumps and water-level access lines were placed to allow for aquifer testing, for collecting periodic water samples, and for measuring water levels.
Borehole TAN-2271 was cored continuously, starting at the first basalt contact (about 33 ft BLS) to a depth of 284 ft BLS. Excluding surface sediment, recovery of basalt and sediment core at borehole TAN-2271 was better than 98 percent. Based on visual inspection of core and geophysical data, material examined from 33 to 211ft BLS primarily consists of two massive basalt flows that are about 78 and 50 ft in thickness and three sediment layers near 122, 197, and 201 ft BLS. Between 211 and 284 ft BLS, geophysical data and core material suggest a high occurrence of fractured and vesicular basalt. For the section of aquifer tested, there are two primary fractured aquifer intervals: the first between 235 and 255 ft BLS and the second between 272 and 282 ft BLS. Basalt texture for borehole TAN-2271 generally was described as aphanitic, phaneritic, and porphyritic. Sediment layers, starting near 122 ft BLS, generally were composed of fine-grained sand and silt with a lesser amount of clay. Basalt flows generally ranged in thickness from 2 to 78 ft and varied from highly fractured to dense with high to low vesiculation. Geophysical data and limited core material collected from TAN-2272 show similar lithologic sequences to those reported for TAN-2271.
Geophysical and borehole video logs were collected during certain stages of the drilling and construction process at boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272. Geophysical logs were examined synergistically with available core material to confirm geologic and hydrologic similarities and suggest possible fractured network interconnection between boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272. Natural gamma log measurements were used to assess the completeness of the vapor port lines behind 10-in. diameter well casing. Electromagnetic flow meter results were used to identify downward flow conditions that exist for boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272. Furthermore, gyroscopic deviation measurements were used to measure horizontal and vertical displacement at all depths in boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272.
After borehole construction was completed, single‑well aquifer tests were done within wells TAN-2271 and TAN‑2272 to provide estimates of transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. The transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity were estimated for the pumping well and observation well during the aquifer tests conducted on August 25 and August 27, 2015. Estimates for transmissivity range from 4.1 . 103 feet squared per day (ft2/d) to 8.1 . 103 ft2/d; estimates for hydraulic conductivity range from 5.8 to 11.5 feet per day (ft/d). Both TAN-2271 and TAN‑2272 show sustained pumping rates of about 30 gallons per minute (gal/min) with measured drawdown in the pumping well of 1.96 ft and 1.14 ft, respectively. The transmissivity estimates for wells tested were within the range of values determined from previous aquifer tests in other wells near Test Area North.
Groundwater samples were collected from both wells and were analyzed for cations, anions, metals, nutrients, volatile organic compounds, stable isotopes, and radionuclides. Groundwater samples for most of the inorganic constituents showed similar water chemistry in both wells. Groundwater samples for strontium-90, trichloroethene, and vinyl chloride exceeded maximum contaminant levels for public drinking water supplies in one or both wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165088","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22239Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
http://id.water.usgs.gov
Characterizing the impacts of hydrologic alterations, pollutants, and habitat degradation on macroinvertebrate species assemblages is of critical value for managers wishing to categorize stream ecosystem condition. A combination of approaches including trait-based metrics and traditional bioassessments provides greater information, particularly in anthropogenic stream ecosystems where traditional approaches can be confounded by variously interacting land use impacts. Macroinvertebrates were collected from two rural and three urban nested study sites in central Missouri, USA during the spring and fall seasons of 2011. Land use responses of conventional taxonomic and trait-based metrics were compared to streamflow indices, physical habitat metrics, and water quality indices. Results show that biotic index was significantly different (p < 0.05) between sites with differences detected in 54 % of trait-based metrics. The most consistent response to urbanization was observed in size metrics, with significantly (p < 0.05) fewer small bodied organisms. Increases in fine streambed sediment, decreased submerged woody rootmats, significantly higher winter Chloride concentrations, and decreased mean suspended sediment particle size in lower urban stream reaches also influenced macroinvertebrate assemblages. Riffle habitats in urban reaches contained 21 % more (p = 0.03) multivoltine organisms, which was positively correlated to the magnitude of peak flows (r2 = 0.91, p = 0.012) suggesting that high flow events may serve as a disturbance in those areas. Results support the use of macroinvertebrate assemblages and multiple stressors to characterize urban stream system condition and highlight the need to better understand the complex interactions of trait-based metrics and anthropogenic aquatic ecosystem stressors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11252-016-0534-4","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.W., Hubbart, J.A., and Poulton, B.C., 2016, Using macroinvertebrate assemblages and multiple stressors to infer urban stream system condition: A case study in the central US: Urban Ecosystems, v. 19, no. 2, p. 679-704, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-016-0534-4.","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"679","endPage":"704","ipdsId":"IP-081283","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri ","otherGeospatial":"Hinkson Creek Watershed ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.43450164794922,\n 38.872859384572244\n ],\n [\n -92.43450164794922,\n 39.00637903337455\n ],\n [\n -92.22335815429688,\n 39.00637903337455\n ],\n [\n -92.22335815429688,\n 38.872859384572244\n ],\n [\n -92.43450164794922,\n 38.872859384572244\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965b31ee4b0d1f9f05b380a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, John W.","contributorId":175334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubbart, Jason A.","contributorId":194439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubbart","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169891,"text":"70169891 - 2016 - Saharan dust nutrients promote Vibrio bloom formation in marine surface waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T10:24:20","indexId":"70169891","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-29T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Saharan dust nutrients promote Vibrio bloom formation in marine surface waters","title":"Saharan dust nutrients promote Vibrio bloom formation in marine surface waters","docAbstract":"Vibrio is a ubiquitous genus of marine bacteria, typically comprising a small fraction of the total microbial community in surface waters, but capable of becoming a dominant taxon in response to poorly characterized factors. Iron (Fe), often restricted by limited bioavailability and low external supply, is an essential micronutrient that can limit Vibrio growth. Vibrio species have robust metabolic capabilities and an array of Fe-acquisition mechanisms, and are able to respond rapidly to nutrient influx, yet Vibrio response to environmental pulses of Fe remains uncharacterized. Here we examined the population growth of Vibrioafter natural and simulated pulses of atmospherically transported Saharan dust, an important and episodic source of Fe to tropical marine waters. As a model for opportunistic bacterial heterotrophs, we demonstrated that Vibrio proliferate in response to a broad range of dust-Fe additions at rapid timescales. Within 24 h of exposure, strains of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio alginolyticus were able to directly use Saharan dust–Fe to support rapid growth. These findings were also confirmed with in situ field studies; arrival of Saharan dust in the Caribbean and subtropical Atlantic coincided with high levels of dissolved Fe, followed by up to a 30-fold increase of culturable Vibrio over background levels within 24 h. The relative abundance of Vibrio increased from ∼1 to ∼20% of the total microbial community. This study, to our knowledge, is the first to describe Vibrio response to Saharan dust nutrients, having implications at the intersection of marine ecology, Fe biogeochemistry, and both human and environmental health.
","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1518080113","usgsCitation":"Westrich, J.R., Ebling, A.M., Landing, W.M., Joyner, J.L., Kemp, K.M., Griffin, D.W., and Lipp, E.K., 2016, Saharan dust nutrients promote Vibrio bloom formation in marine surface waters: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 113, no. 21, p. 5964-5969, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518080113.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5964","endPage":"5969","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067140","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518080113","text":"External Repository"},{"id":324647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"21","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774e34ee4b07dd077c5fcef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westrich, Jason R.","contributorId":168327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westrich","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebling, Alina M.","contributorId":168328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebling","given":"Alina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landing, William M.","contributorId":151019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landing","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18104,"text":"Florida State University, Tallahassee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joyner, Jessica L.","contributorId":168329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joyner","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kemp, Keri M.","contributorId":168330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kemp","given":"Keri","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lipp, Erin K.","contributorId":73823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipp","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70160648,"text":"70160648 - 2016 - Ground motions at the outermost limits of seismically triggered landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-06T16:41:35","indexId":"70160648","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-29T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground motions at the outermost limits of seismically triggered landslides","docAbstract":"Over the last few decades, we and our colleagues have conducted field investigations in which we mapped the outermost limits of triggered landslides in four earthquakes: 1987 Whittier Narrows, California (M 5.9), 1987 Superstition Hills, California (M 6.5), 1994 Northridge, California (M 6.7), and 2011 Mineral, Virginia (M 5.8). In an additional two earthquakes, 1976 Guatemala (M 7.5) and 1983 Coalinga, California (M 6.5), we determined limits using high‐resolution aerial‐photographic interpretation in conjunction with more limited ground investigation. Limits in these earthquakes were defined by the locations of the very smallest failures (<1 m3) from the most susceptible slopes that can be identified positively as having been triggered by earthquake shaking. Because we and our colleagues conducted all of these investigations, consistent methodology and criteria were used in determining limits. In the six earthquakes examined, we correlated the outermost landslide limits with peak ground accelerations (PGAs) from ShakeMap models of each earthquake. For the four earthquakes studied by field investigation, the minimum PGA values associated with farthest landslide limits ranged from 0.02g to 0.08g. The range for the two earthquakes investigated using aerial‐photographic interpretations was 0.05–0.11g. Although PGA values at landslide limits depend on several factors, including material strength, topographic amplification, and hydrologic conditions, these values provide an empirically useful lower limiting range of PGA needed to trigger the smallest failures on very susceptible slopes. In a well‐recorded earthquake, this PGA range can be used to identify an outer boundary within which we might expect to find landsliding; in earthquakes that are not well recorded, mapping the outermost landslide limits provides a useful clue about ground‐motion levels at the mapped limits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150141","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R.W., and Harp, E.L., 2016, Ground motions at the outermost limits of seismically triggered landslides: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 2, p. 708-719, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150141.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"708","endPage":"719","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071276","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774e33be4b07dd077c5fc44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, Randall W. 0000-0003-3399-0875 jibson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-0875","contributorId":2985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Randall","email":"jibson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":583461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169890,"text":"70169890 - 2016 - Molecular detection of airborne Coccidioides in Tucson, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:02:47","indexId":"70169890","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-29T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5111,"text":"Medical Mycology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular detection of airborne Coccidioides in Tucson, Arizona","docAbstract":"Environmental surveillance of the soil-dwelling fungus Coccidioides is essential for the prevention of Valley fever, a disease primarily caused by inhalation of the arthroconidia. Methods for collecting and detectingCoccidioides in soil samples are currently in use by several laboratories; however, a method utilizing current air sampling technologies has not been formally demonstrated for the capture of airborne arthroconidia. In this study, we collected air/dust samples at two sites (Site A and Site B) in the endemic region of Tucson, Arizona, and tested a variety of air samplers and membrane matrices. We then employed a single-tube nested qPCR assay for molecular detection. At both sites, numerous soil samples (n = 10 at Site A and n = 24 at Site B) were collected and Coccidioides was detected in two samples (20%) at Site A and in eight samples (33%) at Site B. Of the 25 air/dust samples collected at both sites using five different air sampling methods, we detected Coccidioides in three samples from site B. All three samples were collected using a high-volume sampler with glass-fiber filters. In this report, we describe these methods and propose the use of these air sampling and molecular detection strategies for environmental surveillance of Coccidioides.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myw022","usgsCitation":"Chow, N.A., Griffin, D.W., Barker, B.M., Loparev, V.N., and Litvintseva, A.P., 2016, Molecular detection of airborne Coccidioides in Tucson, Arizona: Medical Mycology, v. 54, no. 6, p. 584-592, https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myw022.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"584","endPage":"592","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068272","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myw022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tucson","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.2200927734375,\n 32.01273389791075\n ],\n [\n -111.2200927734375,\n 32.45183828577544\n ],\n [\n -110.70098876953125,\n 32.45183828577544\n ],\n [\n -110.70098876953125,\n 32.01273389791075\n ],\n [\n -111.2200927734375,\n 32.01273389791075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774e347e4b07dd077c5fcba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chow, Nancy A.","contributorId":168323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chow","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25255,"text":"USCDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barker, Bridget M.","contributorId":168324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"Bridget","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25256,"text":"Translational Genomics Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loparev, Vladimir N.","contributorId":168325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loparev","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":25255,"text":"USCDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Litvintseva, Anastasia P.","contributorId":168326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Litvintseva","given":"Anastasia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":25255,"text":"USCDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70177751,"text":"70177751 - 2016 - The new Landsat 8 potential for remote sensing of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T10:25:00","indexId":"70177751","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The new Landsat 8 potential for remote sensing of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM)","docAbstract":"Due to a combination of factors, such as a new coastal/aerosol band and improved radiometric sensitivity of the Operational Land Imager aboard Landsat 8, the atmospherically-corrected Surface Reflectance product for Landsat data, and the growing availability of corrected fDOM data from U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations, moderate-resolution remote sensing of fDOM may now be achievable. This paper explores the background of previous efforts and shows preliminary examples of the remote sensing and data relationships between corrected fDOM and Landsat 8 reflectance values. Although preliminary results before and after Hurricane Sandy are encouraging, more research is needed to explore the full potential of Landsat 8 to continuously map fDOM in a number of water profiles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.076","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E.T., Jones, D.K., and Pellerin, B.A., 2016, The new Landsat 8 potential for remote sensing of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM): Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 107, no. 2, p. 518-527, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.076.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"518","endPage":"527","ipdsId":"IP-069654","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470815,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.076","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7125QQM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"CDOM/fDOM and Landsat 8 Comparisons"},{"id":330242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c4e4b0f497e78fca62","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.076","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.076","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Slonecker E. Terrence, Jones Daniel K., Pellerin Brian A.","journalName":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","publicationDate":"6/2016","auditedOn":"3/21/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"3/4/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, E. Terrence 0000-0002-5793-0503 tslonecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5793-0503","contributorId":168591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.","email":"tslonecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Terrence","affiliations":[{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Daniel K. 0000-0003-0724-8001 dkjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-8001","contributorId":4959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Daniel","email":"dkjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173894,"text":"70173894 - 2016 - Seasonal Variability in Vadose zone biodegradation at a crude oil pipeline rupture site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:03:11","indexId":"70173894","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-28T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal Variability in Vadose zone biodegradation at a crude oil pipeline rupture site","docAbstract":"Understanding seasonal changes in natural attenuation processes is critical for evaluating source-zone longevity and informing management decisions. The seasonal variations of natural attenuation were investigated through measurements of surficial CO2 effluxes, shallow soil CO2 radiocarbon contents, subsurface gas concentrations, soil temperature, and volumetric water contents during a 2-yr period. Surficial CO2 effluxes varied seasonally, with peak values of total soil respiration (TSR) occurring in the late spring and summer. Efflux and radiocarbon data indicated that the fractional contributions of natural soil respiration (NSR) and contaminant soil respiration (CSR) to TSR varied seasonally. The NSR dominated in the spring and summer, and CSR dominated in the fall and winter. Subsurface gas concentrations also varied seasonally, with peak values of CO2 and CH4 occurring in the fall and winter. Vadose zone temperatures and subsurface CO2 concentrations revealed a correlation between contaminant respiration and temperature. A time lag of 5 to 7 mo between peak subsurface CO2 concentrations and peak surface efflux is consistent with travel-time estimates for subsurface gas migration. Periods of frozen soils coincided with depressed surface CO2 effluxes and elevated CO2 concentrations, pointing to the temporary presence of an ice layer that inhibited gas transport. Quantitative reactive transport simulations demonstrated aspects of the conceptual model developed from field measurements. Overall, results indicated that source-zone natural attenuation (SZNA) rates and gas transport processes varied seasonally and that the average annual SZNA rate estimated from periodic surface efflux measurements is 60% lower than rates determined from measurements during the summer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Fitchburg, WI","doi":"10.2136/vzj2015.09.0125","usgsCitation":"Sihota, N.J., Trost, J.J., Bekins, B., Berg, A.M., Delin, G.N., Mason, B.E., Warren, E., and Mayer, K.U., 2016, Seasonal Variability in Vadose zone biodegradation at a crude oil pipeline rupture site: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 15, no. 5, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2015.09.0125.","productDescription":"14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057205","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577391a7e4b07657d1a88bd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sihota, Natasha J.","contributorId":46431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sihota","given":"Natasha","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trost, Jared J. 0000-0003-0431-2151 jtrost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-2151","contributorId":3749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trost","given":"Jared","email":"jtrost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":139407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berg, Andrew M. 0000-0001-9312-240X aberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9312-240X","contributorId":5642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"Andrew","email":"aberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Delin, Geoffrey N. 0000-0001-7991-6158 delin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-6158","contributorId":2610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"Geoffrey","email":"delin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":5063,"text":"Central Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mason, Brent E. bmason@usgs.gov","contributorId":5196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Brent","email":"bmason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Warren, Ean ewarren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Ean","email":"ewarren@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mayer, K. Ulrich","contributorId":151069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ulrich","affiliations":[{"id":18176,"text":"Department of Earth and Ocean Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70169031,"text":"70169031 - 2016 - The role of ocean tides on groundwater-surface water exchange in a mangrove-dominated estuary: Shark River Slough, Florida Coastal Everglades, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T16:48:37.177037","indexId":"70169031","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-28T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of ocean tides on groundwater-surface water exchange in a mangrove-dominated estuary: Shark River Slough, Florida Coastal Everglades, USA","docAbstract":"Low-relief environments like the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE) have complicated hydrologic systems where surface water and groundwater processes are intimately linked yet hard to separate. Fluid exchange within these lowhydraulic-gradient systems can occur across broad spatial and temporal scales, with variable contributions to material transport and transformation. Identifying and assessing the scales at which these processes operate is essential for accurate evaluations of how these systems contribute to global biogeochemical cycles. The distribution of 222Rn and 223,224,226Ra have complex spatial patterns along the Shark River Slough estuary (SRSE), Everglades, FL. High-resolution time-series measurements of 222Rn activity, salinity, and water level were used to quantify processes affecting radon fluxes out of the mangrove forest over a tidal cycle. Based on field data, tidal pumping through an extensive network of crab burrows in the lower FCE provides the best explanation for the high radon and fluid fluxes. Burrows are irrigated during rising tides when radon and other dissolved constituents are released from the mangrove soil. Flushing efficiency of the burrows—defined as the tidal volume divided by the volume of burrows— estimated for the creek drainage area vary seasonally from 25 (wet season) to 100 % (dry season) in this study. The tidal pumping of the mangrove forest soil acts as a significant vector for exchange between the forest and the estuary. Processes that enhance exchange of O2 and other materials across the sediment-water interface could have a profound impact on the environmental response to larger scale processes such as sea level rise and climate change. Compounding the material budgets of the SRSE are additional inputs from groundwater from the Biscayne Aquifer, which were identified using radium isotopes. Quantification of the deep groundwater component is not obtainable, but isotopic data suggest a more prevalent signal in the dry season. These findings highlight the important role that both tidal- and seasonal-scale forcings play on groundwater movement in low-gradient hydrologic systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-016-0079-z","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.G., Price, R.M., Swarzenski, P.W., and Stalker, J.C., 2016, The role of ocean tides on groundwater-surface water exchange in a mangrove-dominated estuary: Shark River Slough, Florida Coastal Everglades, USA: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1600-1616, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-016-0079-z.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1600","endPage":"1616","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067122","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.3482666015625,\n 25.175116531621764\n ],\n [\n -81.3482666015625,\n 25.76526690492097\n ],\n [\n -80.4364013671875,\n 25.76526690492097\n ],\n [\n -80.4364013671875,\n 25.175116531621764\n ],\n [\n -81.3482666015625,\n 25.175116531621764\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577391a8e4b07657d1a88bdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Rene M.","contributorId":52880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Rene","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stalker, Jeremy C.","contributorId":167541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stalker","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24739,"text":"Jacksonville State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170667,"text":"70170667 - 2016 - Characterizing supraglacial meltwater channel hydraulics on the Greenland Ice Sheet from in situ observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-09T10:11:38","indexId":"70170667","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-28T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing supraglacial meltwater channel hydraulics on the Greenland Ice Sheet from in situ observations","docAbstract":"Supraglacial rivers on the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) transport large volumes of surface meltwater toward the ocean, yet have received relatively little direct research. This study presents field observations of channel width, depth, velocity, and water surface slope for nine supraglacial channels on the southwestern GrIS collected between 23 July and 20 August, 2012. Field sites are located up to 74 km inland and span 494-1485 m elevation, and contain measured discharges larger than any previous in situ study: from 0.006 to 23.12 m3/s in channels 0.20 to 20.62 m wide. All channels were deeply incised with near vertical banks, and hydraulic geometry results indicate that supraglacial channels primarily accommodate greater discharges by increasing velocity. Smaller streams had steeper water surface slopes (0.74-8.83%) than typical in terrestrial settings, yielding correspondingly high velocities (0.40-2.60 m/s) and Froude numbers (0.45-3.11) with supercritical flow observed in 54% of measurements. Derived Manning's n values were larger and more variable than anticipated from channels of uniform substrate, ranging from 0.009 to 0.154 with a mean value of 0.035 +/- 0.027 despite the absence of sediment, debris, or other roughness elements. Ubiquitous micro-depressions in shallow sections of the channel bed may explain some of these roughness values. However, we find that other, unobserved sources of flow resistance likely contributed to these elevated n values: future work should explicitly consider additional sources of flow resistance beyond bed roughness in supraglacial channels. We conclude that hydraulic modelling for these channels must allow for both sub- and supercritical flow, and most importantly must refrain from assuming that all ice-substrate channels exhibit similar hydraulic behavior, especially for Froude numbers and Manning's n. Finally, this study highlights that further theoretical and empirical work on supraglacial channel hydraulics is necessary before broad scale understanding of ice sheet hydrology can be achieved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/esp.3977","usgsCitation":"Gleason, C.J., Smith, L., Chu, V.W., Legleiter, C.J., Pitcher, L.H., Overstreet, B.T., Rennermalm, A.K., Forster, R.R., and Yang, K., 2016, Characterizing supraglacial meltwater channel hydraulics on the Greenland Ice Sheet from in situ observations: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 41, no. 14, p. 2111-2122, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3977.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2111","endPage":"2122","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075253","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577391a2e4b07657d1a88bc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleason, Colin J.","contributorId":169003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gleason","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13022,"text":"Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Laurence C.","contributorId":169004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Laurence C.","affiliations":[{"id":13022,"text":"Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chu, Vena W.","contributorId":169005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chu","given":"Vena","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12626,"text":"Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Legleiter, Carl J. 0000-0003-0940-8013 cjl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-8013","contributorId":169002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legleiter","given":"Carl","email":"cjl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pitcher, Lincoln H.","contributorId":169006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitcher","given":"Lincoln","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13022,"text":"Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Overstreet, Brandon T. 0000-0001-7845-6671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-6671","contributorId":63257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overstreet","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rennermalm, Asa K.","contributorId":169007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rennermalm","given":"Asa","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":25395,"text":"Department of Geography, Rutgers University, New 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grassland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T16:30:53","indexId":"70174104","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-27T20:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-scale barriers mitigate desertification processes and enhance plant recruitment in a degraded semiarid grassland","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic desertification is a problem that plagues drylands globally; however, the factors which maintain degraded states are often unclear. In Canyonlands National Park on the Colorado Plateau of southeastern Utah, many degraded grasslands have not recovered structure and function >40 yr after release from livestock grazing pressure, necessitating active restoration. We hypothesized that multiple factors contribute to the persistent degraded state, including lack of seed availability, surficial soil-hydrological properties, and high levels of spatial connectivity (lack of perennial vegetation and other surface structure to retain water, litter, seed, and sediment). In combination with seeding and surface raking treatments, we tested the effect of small barrier structures (“ConMods”) designed to disrupt the loss of litter, seed and sediment in degraded soil patches within the park. Grass establishment was highest when all treatments (structures, seed addition, and soil disturbance) were combined, but only in the second year after installation, following favorable climatic conditions. We suggest that multiple limiting factors were ameliorated by treatments, including seed limitation and microsite availability, seed removal by harvester ants, and stressful abiotic conditions. Higher densities of grass seedlings on the north and east sides of barrier structures following the summer months suggest that structures may have functioned as artificial “nurse-plants”, sheltering seedlings from wind and radiation as well as accumulating wind-blown resources. Barrier structures increased the establishment of both native perennial grasses and exotic annuals, although there were species-specific differences in mortality related to spatial distribution of seedlings within barrier structures. The unique success of all treatments combined, and even then only under favorable climatic conditions and in certain soil patches, highlights that restoration success (and potentially, natural regeneration) often is contingent on many interacting factors.
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