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Oxygen consumption rates of adult spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha increased with swim speed and, depending on temperature and fish mass, ranged from 609 mg O2 h-1 at 30 cm s-1 (c. 0.5 BLs-1) to 3347 mg O2 h-1 at 170 cm s -1 (c. 2.3 BLs-1). Corrected for fish mass, these values ranged from 122 to 670 mg O2 kg-1 h-1, and were similar to other Oncorhynchus species. At all temperatures (8, 12.5 and 17??C), maximum oxygen consumption values levelled off and slightly declined with increasing swim speed >170 cm s-1, and a third-order polynomial regression model fitted the data best. The upper critical swim speed (Ucrit) of fish tested at two laboratories averaged 155 cm s -1 (2.1 BLs-1), but Ucrit of fish tested at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory were significantly higher (mean 165 cm s-1) than those from fish tested at the Columbia River Research Laboratory (mean 140 cm s-1). Swim trials using fish that had electromyogram (EMG) transmitters implanted in them suggested that at a swim speed of c. 135 cm s-1, red muscle EMG pulse rates slowed and white muscle EMG pulse rates increased. Although there was significant variation between individual fish, this swim speed was c. 80% of the Ucrit for the fish used in the EMG trials (mean Ucrit 168.2 cm s-1). Bioenergetic modelling of the upstream migration of adult chinook salmon should consider incorporating an anaerobic fraction of the energy budget when swim speeds are ???80% of the Ucrit. ?? 2003 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00217.x","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Geist, D., Brown, R., Cullinan, V., Mesa, M., VanderKooi, S.P., and McKinstry, C., 2003, Relationships between metabolic rate, muscle electromyograms and swim performance of adult chinook salmon: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 63, no. 4, p. 970-989, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00217.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"970","endPage":"989","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209448,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00217.x"}],"volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a7a8e4b0e8fec6cdc52c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, D.R.","contributorId":45091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R.S.","contributorId":68084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cullinan, V.I.","contributorId":51078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullinan","given":"V.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mesa, M.G.","contributorId":17386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"VanderKooi, S. P.","contributorId":12587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKooi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McKinstry, C.A.","contributorId":90093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinstry","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025818,"text":"70025818 - 2003 - Utility of high-altitude infrared spectral data in mineral exploration: Application to Northern Patagonia Mountains, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T18:20:55.676332","indexId":"70025818","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utility of high-altitude infrared spectral data in mineral exploration: Application to Northern Patagonia Mountains, Arizona","docAbstract":"

Synoptic views of hydrothermal alteration assemblages are of considerable utility in regional-scale minerals exploration. Recent advances in data acquisition and analysis technologies have greatly enhanced the usefulness of remotely sensed imaging spectroscopy for reliable alteration mineral assemblages mapping. Using NASA's Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) sensor, this study mapped large areas of advanced argillic and phyllic-argillic alteration assemblages in the southeastern Santa Rita and northern Patagonia mountains, Arizona. Two concealed porphyry copper deposits have been identified during past exploration, the Red Mountain and Sunnyside deposits, and related published hydrothermal alteration zoning studies allow the comparison of the results obtained from AVIRIS data to the more traditional field mapping approaches. The AVIRIS mapping compares favorably with field-based studies. An analysis of iron-bearing oxide minerals above a concealed supergene chalcocite deposit at Red Mountain also indicates that remotely sensed data can be of value in the interpretation of leached caps above porphyry copper deposits. In conjunction with other types of geophysical data, AVIRIS mineral maps can be used to discriminate different exploration targets within a region.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.5.1003","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Berger, B.R., King, T.V., Morath, L., and Phillips, J., 2003, Utility of high-altitude infrared spectral data in mineral exploration: Application to Northern Patagonia Mountains, Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 5, p. 1003-1018, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.5.1003.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1003","endPage":"1018","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0cee4b08c986b32a324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, B. R.","contributorId":77914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, T. V. V.","contributorId":6192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"V. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morath, L.C.","contributorId":62094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morath","given":"L.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025536,"text":"70025536 - 2003 - Structure and mechanics of the Hayward-Rodgers Creek Fault step-over, San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T14:15:06.716598","indexId":"70025536","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and mechanics of the Hayward-Rodgers Creek Fault step-over, San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"

A dilatational step-over between the right-lateral Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults lies beneath San Pablo Bay in the San Francisco Bay area. A key seismic hazard issue is whether an earthquake on one of the faults could rupture through the step-over, enhancing its maximum possible magnitude. If ruptures are terminated at the step-over, then another important issue is how strain transfers through the step. We developed a combined seismic reflection and refraction cross section across south San Pablo Bay and found that the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults converge to within 4 km of one another near the surface, about 2 km closer than previously thought. Interpretation of potential field data from San Pablo Bay indicated a low likelihood of strike-slip transfer faults connecting the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults. Numerical simulations suggest that it is possible for a rupture to jump across a 4-km fault gap, although special stressing conditions are probably required (e.g., Harris and Day, 1993, 1999). Slip on the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults is building an extensional pull-apart basin that could contain hazardous normal faults. We investigated strain in the pull-apart using a finite-element model and calculated a ∼0.02-MPa/yr differential stressing rate in the step-over on a least-principal-stress orientation nearly parallel to the strike-slip faults where they overlap. A 1- to 10-MPa stress-drop extensional earthquake is expected on normal faults oriented perpendicular to the strike-slip faults every 50-500 years. The last such earthquake might have been the 1898 M 6.0-6.5 shock in San Pablo Bay that apparently produced a small tsunami. Historical hydrographic surveys gathered before and after 1898 indicate abnormal subsidence of the bay floor within the step-over, possibly related to the earthquake. We used a hydrodynamic model to show that a dip-slip mechanism in north San Pablo Bay is the most likely 1898 rupture scenario to have caused the tsunami. While we find no strike-slip transfer fault between the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults, a normal-fault link could enable through-going segmented rupture of both strike-slip faults and may pose an independent hazard of M ∼6 earthquakes like the 1898 event.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020228","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., Sliter, R., Geist, E., Jachens, R., Jaffe, B.E., Foxgrover, A., Hart, P., and McCarthy, J., 2003, Structure and mechanics of the Hayward-Rodgers Creek Fault step-over, San Francisco Bay, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 5, p. 2187-2200, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020228.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2187","endPage":"2200","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 37.10776507118514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c14e4b08c986b31d27a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sliter, R.","contributorId":66311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaffe, B. E.","contributorId":88327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foxgrover, A.","contributorId":80477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxgrover","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCarthy, J.","contributorId":50290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70025534,"text":"70025534 - 2003 - The mechanics of unrest at Long Valley caldera, California. 2. Constraining the nature of the source using geodetic and micro-gravity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70025534","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mechanics of unrest at Long Valley caldera, California. 2. Constraining the nature of the source using geodetic and micro-gravity data","docAbstract":"We model the source of inflation of Long Valley caldera by combining geodetic and micro-gravity data. Uplift from GPS and leveling, two-color EDM measurements, and residual gravity change determinations are used to estimate the intrusion geometry, assuming a vertical prolate ellipsoidal source. The U.S. Geological Survey occupied the Long Valley gravity network six times from 1980 to 1985. We reoccupied this network twice, in the summer of 1998 (33 stations), and the summer of 1999 (37 stations). Before gravity data can be used to estimate the density of the intrusion, they must be corrected for the effect of vertical deformation (the free-air effect) and changes in the water table. We use geostatistical techniques to interpolate uplift and water table changes at the gravity stations. The inflation source (a vertical prolate ellipsoid) is located 5.9 km beneath the resurgent dome with an aspect ratio equal to 0.475, a volume change from 1982 to 1999 of 0.136 km3 and a density of around 1700 kg/m3. A bootstrap method was employed to estimate 95% confidence bounds for the parameters of the inflation model. We obtained a range of 0.105-0.187 km3 for the volume change, and 1180-2330 kg/m3 for the density. Our results do not support hydrothermal fluid intrusion as the primary cause of unrest, and confirm the intrusion of silicic magma beneath Long Valley caldera. Failure to account for the ellipsoidal nature of the source biases the estimated source depth by 2.9 km (a 33% increase), the volume change by 0.019 km3 (a 14% increase) and the density by about 1200 kg/m3 (a 40% increase). ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00171-9","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Battaglia, M., Segall, P., and Roberts, C., 2003, The mechanics of unrest at Long Valley caldera, California. 2. Constraining the nature of the source using geodetic and micro-gravity data: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 127, no. 3-4, p. 219-245, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00171-9.","startPage":"219","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209431,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00171-9"},{"id":235866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badc5e4b08c986b323ddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio","contributorId":32602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, C.","contributorId":28210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025519,"text":"70025519 - 2003 - Competitive interactions between age-0 bighead carp and paddlefish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T12:48:11","indexId":"70025519","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Competitive interactions between age-0 bighead carp and paddlefish","docAbstract":"

The effects of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis on native planktivores in the USA is unknown. The objectives of this study were to experimentally test for competitive interactions between age-0 bighead carp and age-0 paddlefish Polyodon spathula. Differences among water chemistry variables, invertebrate densities, and relative growth of fish were assessed in mesocosms. Water chemistry variables were similar among treatments throughout the experiment and only exhibited a temporal effect. Zooplankton density declined in mesocosms after fish were introduced. In general, zooplankton densities did not differ among treatments but did differ from the control. The relative growth of paddlefish was negative in the paddlefish and paddlefish–bighead carp treatments. The relative growth of bighead carp was negative in the bighead carp treatment but positive in the paddlefish–bighead carp treatment. Age-0 paddlefish exhibited the greatest decrease in relative growth in mesocosms with bighead carp. Bighead carp exhibited the greatest increase in relative growth in mesocosms with paddlefish. These data suggest that bighead carp have the potential to negatively affect the growth of paddlefish when food resources are limited.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T02-071","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Schrank, S., Guy, C., and Fairchild, J., 2003, Competitive interactions between age-0 bighead carp and paddlefish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 6, p. 1222-1228, https://doi.org/10.1577/T02-071.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1222","endPage":"1228","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209594,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T02-071"}],"volume":"132","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8cde4b0c8380cd4d2df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrank, S.J.","contributorId":76499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrank","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025518,"text":"70025518 - 2003 - Elevation effects in volcano applications of the COSPEC","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025518","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevation effects in volcano applications of the COSPEC","docAbstract":"Volcano applications commonly involve sizeable departures from the reference pressure and temperature of COSPEC calibration cells. Analysis shows that COSPEC SO2 column abundances and derived mass emission rates are independent of pressure and temperature, and thus unaffected by elevation effects related to deviations from calibration cell reference state. However, path-length concentrations are pressure and temperature dependent. Since COSPEC path-length concentration data assume the reference pressure and temperature of calibration cells, they can lead to large errors when used to calculate SO2 mixing ratios of volcanic plumes. Correction factors for COSPEC path-length concentrations become significant (c.10%) at elevations of about 1 km (e.g. Kilauea volcano) and rise rapidly to c.80% at 6 km (e.g. Cotopaxi volcano). Calculating SO2 mixing ratios for volcanic plumes directly from COSPEC path-length concentrations always gives low results. Corrections can substantially increase mixing ratios; for example, corrections increase SO2 ppm concentrations reported for the Mount St Helens, Colima, and Erebus plumes by 25-50%. Several arguments suggest it would be advantageous to calibrate COSPEC measurements in column abundance units rather than path-length concentration units.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Gerlach, T., 2003, Elevation effects in volcano applications of the COSPEC: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 213, p. 169-175.","startPage":"169","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"213","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08cce4b0c8380cd51c9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025444,"text":"70025444 - 2003 - Global forest cover mapping for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization forest resources assessment 2000 program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:24:20","indexId":"70025444","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global forest cover mapping for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization forest resources assessment 2000 program","docAbstract":"Many countries periodically produce national reports on the status and changes of forest resources, using statistical surveys and spatial mapping of remotely sensed data. At the global level, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has conducted a Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) program every 10 yr since 1980, producing statistics and analysis that give a global synopsis of forest resources in the world. For the year 2000 of the FRA program (FRA2000), a global forest cover map was produced to provide spatial context to the extensive survey. The forest cover map, produced at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC), has five classes: closed forest, open or fragmented forest, other wooded land, other land cover, and water. The first two forested classes at the global scale were delineated using combinations of temporal compositing, modified mixture analysis, geographic stratification, and other classification techniques. The remaining three FAO classes were derived primarily from the USGS global land cover characteristics database (Loveland et al. 1999). Validated on the basis of existing reference data sets, the map is estimated to be 77% accurate for the first four classes (no reference data were available for water), and 86% accurate for the forest and nonforest classification. The final map will be published as an insert to the FAO FRA2000 report.","language":"English","issn":"0015749X","usgsCitation":"Zhu, Z., and Waller, E., 2003, Global forest cover mapping for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization forest resources assessment 2000 program: Forest Science, v. 49, no. 3, p. 369-380.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"380","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2946e4b0c8380cd5a800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waller, E.","contributorId":54389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007925,"text":"1007925 - 2003 - Current versus future reproduction: an experimental test of parental investment decisions using nest desertion by mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-29T18:25:19.086957","indexId":"1007925","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":982,"text":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Current versus future reproduction: an experimental test of parental investment decisions using nest desertion by mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)","title":"Current versus future reproduction: an experimental test of parental investment decisions using nest desertion by mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)","docAbstract":"

Past investment in offspring may be important in determining a parent's ability to reproduce in the future and, hence, should affect the relative value of current offspring. However, there have been surprisingly few clear tests of whether animals actually adjust parental care in response to diminished opportunities for future reproduction. We modified the experimental protocol of Sargent and Gross [Behav Ecol Sociobiol (1985) 17:43–45] to examine offspring desertion by mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and decoupled the influence of past investment from expected current benefits by controlling for the effect of offspring age on clutch value. Using 9 years of nest mortality data, we accounted for the increasing prospects of egg survival with clutch age by calculating clutch sizes throughout incubation with equivalent expected benefits. Applying this approach, we experimentally reduced 203 clutches at two different incubation stages such that they had equivalent expected benefits but differed in the amount of past investment. Nest desertion rates did not differ between early- and late-incubated clutches that had equivalent expected benefits. Rather, the probability of desertion increased with the severity of the clutch reduction treatment. These results suggest that female mallards adjust parental care according to the expected benefits of current offspring, rather than to diminished prospects for future reproduction due to past investment. We further examined whether females assessed expected benefits on the basis of clutch size alone or clutch size adjusted for the age of the clutch. Using Akaike's Information Criterion, the most parsimonious model to explain the probability of deserting an experimentally reduced clutch included both the proportion of the clutch remaining and clutch age. Thus, female mallards appear to fine-tune their level of parental care not only according to the relative number of offspring in the clutch, but also to the increased prospects for offspring survival as they age.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00265-003-0628-x","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., and Eadie, J., 2003, Current versus future reproduction: an experimental test of parental investment decisions using nest desertion by mallards (Anas platyrhynchos): Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, v. 54, no. 3, p. 264-273, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-003-0628-x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"273","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ebfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eadie, J.M.","contributorId":8034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eadie","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025439,"text":"70025439 - 2003 - Mapping hydrothermally altered rocks at Cuprite, Nevada, using the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (Aster), a new satellite-imaging system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025439","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping hydrothermally altered rocks at Cuprite, Nevada, using the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (Aster), a new satellite-imaging system","docAbstract":"The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a 14-band multispectral instrument on board the Earth Observing System (EOS), TERRA. The three bands between 0.52 and 0.86 ??m and the six bands from 1.60 and 2.43 ??m, which have 15- and 30-m spatial resolution, respectively, were selected primarily for making remote mineralogical determinations. The Cuprite, Nevada, mining district comprises two hydrothermal alteration centers where Tertiary volcanic rocks have been hydrothermally altered mainly to bleached silicified rocks and opalized rocks, with a marginal zone of limonitic argilized rocks. Country rocks are mainly Cambrian phyllitic siltstone and limestone. Evaluation of an ASTER image of the Cuprite district shows that spectral reflectance differences in the nine bands in the 0.52 to 2.43 ??m region provide a basis for identifying and mapping mineralogical components which characterize the main hydrothermal alteration zones: opal is the spectrally dominant mineral in the silicified zone; whereas, alunite and kaolinite are dominant in the opalized zone. In addition, the distribution of unaltered country rocks was mapped because of the presence of spectrally dominant muscovite in the siltstone and calcite in limestone, and the tuffaceous rocks and playa deposits were distinguishable due to their relatively flat spectra and weak absorption features at 2.33 and 2.20 ??m, respectively. An Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) image of the study area was processed using a similar methodology used with the ASTER data. Comparison of the ASTER and AVIRIS results shows that the results are generally similar, but the higher spectral resolution of AVIRIS (224 bands) permits identification of more individual minerals, including certain polymorphs. However, ASTER has recorded images of more than 90 percent of the Earth's land surface with less than 20 percent cloud cover, and these data are available at nominal or no cost. Landsat TM images have a similar spatial resolution to ASTER images, but TM has fewer bands, which limits its usefulness for making mineral determinations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Hook, S., Abrams, M.J., and Mars, J., 2003, Mapping hydrothermally altered rocks at Cuprite, Nevada, using the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (Aster), a new satellite-imaging system: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 5, p. 1019-1027.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1027","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5059e4b0c8380cd6b629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hook, S.J.","contributorId":21711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abrams, M. J.","contributorId":29859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mars, J.C.","contributorId":74833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025438,"text":"70025438 - 2003 - Potential effects on grassland birds of converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025438","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1035,"text":"Biomass and Bioenergy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects on grassland birds of converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass production","docAbstract":"Habitat loss is a major reason for the decline of grassland birds in North America. Five habitats (pastures, hayfields, rowcrop fields, small-grain fields, Conservation Reserve Program fields) compose most of the habitat used by grassland birds in the Midwest United States. Growing and harvesting switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) as a biomass fuel would create another habitat for grassland birds. Bird abundance information from studies conducted in Iowa and adjacent states and land-use data for the Rathbun Lake Watershed in southern Iowa were used in a Geographic Information System to model the potential effects on bird abundances of converting rowcrop fields to biomass production. Abundances of bird species that are management priorities increased in both biomass scenarios. Common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) abundance in the watershed also increased greatly in both scenarios. Other species (e.g., homed lark [Eremophila alpestris], killdeer [Charadrius vociferous]) were more abundant in the existing land use than in the biomass scenarios, and conversion of fields from rowcrop to biomass production could be detrimental to these species. In general, biomass fields will provide habitat for grassland birds that are management priorities, but future monitoring of birds in such fields is needed as conversion of rowcrop fields to biomass production continues. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biomass and Bioenergy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00187-3","issn":"09619534","usgsCitation":"Murray, L., Best, L.B., Jacobsen, T., and Braster, M., 2003, Potential effects on grassland birds of converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass production: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 25, no. 2, p. 167-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00187-3.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209541,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00187-3"},{"id":236116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ef2e4b0c8380cd7a826","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, L.D.","contributorId":70976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Best, Louis B.","contributorId":52525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobsen, T.J.","contributorId":98519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braster, M.L.","contributorId":62390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braster","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026096,"text":"70026096 - 2003 - Breeding ecology of Horned Puffins (Fratercula corniculata) in Alaska: annual variation and effects of El Niño","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:31:11","indexId":"70026096","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding ecology of Horned Puffins (Fratercula corniculata) in Alaska: annual variation and effects of El Niño","docAbstract":"

Both within and among seabird species, different aspects of breeding biology may respond to changes in prey availability in distinct ways, and the identification of species-specific breeding parameters that are sensitive to food availability is useful for monitoring purposes. We present data from a 5-year study (1995–1999) of the breeding ecology of Horned Puffins (Fratercula corniculata) in Alaska. The El Niño – Southern Oscillation event of 1997–1998 provided an opportunity to examine the sensitivity of various breeding parameters to a reduction in prey availability caused by the anomalous oceanographic conditions of 1998. Horned Puffins were able to maintain high fledging success (83–97%) over the 5 years of the study, despite the poor local feeding conditions in 1998. The rate of increase in chick mass was lowest in 1998, and evidence suggests that chicks also fledged at the youngest ages in that year. The impacts of reduced food availability on growth varied among body structures, suggesting differential allocation of energy and nutrients. There was no variation among years in either chick diet or the mass of food loads delivered by adults. We suggest that rates of chick growth, specifically mass increase, may be a good parameter to measure for use in monitoring Horned Puffins.

","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z03-075","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Harding, A., Piatt, J.F., and Hamer, K.C., 2003, Breeding ecology of Horned Puffins (Fratercula corniculata) in Alaska: annual variation and effects of El Niño: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 81, no. 6, p. 1004-1013, https://doi.org/10.1139/z03-075.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1004","endPage":"1013","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208924,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-075"}],"volume":"81","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f26de4b0c8380cd4b184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harding, A.M.A.","contributorId":29088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"A.M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamer, Keith C.","contributorId":51960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamer","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025890,"text":"70025890 - 2003 - Lower survival probabilities for adult Florida manatees in years with intense coastal storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T14:29:13.702719","indexId":"70025890","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lower survival probabilities for adult Florida manatees in years with intense coastal storms","docAbstract":"

The endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) inhabits the subtropical waters of the southeastern United States, where hurricanes are a regular occurrence. Using mark-resighting statistical models, we analyzed 19 years of photo-identification data and detected significant annual variation in adult survival for a subpopulation in northwest Florida where human impact is low. That variation coincided with years when intense hurricanes (Category 3 or greater on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale) and a major winter storm occurred in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Mean survival probability during years with no or low intensity storms was 0.972 (approximate 95% confidence interval = 0.961-0.980) but dropped to 0.936 (0.864-0.971) in 1985 with Hurricanes Elena, Kate, and Juan; to 0.909 (0.837-0.951) in 1993 with the March \"Storm of the Century\"; and to 0.817 (0.735-0.878) in 1995 with Hurricanes Opal, Erin, and Allison. These drops in survival probability were not catastrophic in magnitude and were detected because of the use of state-of-the-art statistical techniques and the quality of the data. Because individuals of this small population range extensively along the north Gulf coast of Florida, it was possible to resolve storm effects on a regional scale rather than the site-specific local scale common to studies of more sedentary species. This is the first empirical evidence in support of storm effects on manatee survival and suggests a cause-effect relationship. The decreases in survival could be due to direct mortality, indirect mortality, and/or emigration from the region as a consequence of storms. Future impacts to the population by a single catastrophic hurricane, or series of smaller hurricanes, could increase the probability of extinction. With the advent in 1995 of a new 25- to 50-yr cycle of greater hurricane activity, and longer term change possible with global climate change, it becomes all the more important to reduce mortality and injury from boats and other human causes and control the loss of foraging habitat to coastal development.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0257:LSPFAF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Langtimm, C., and Beck, C., 2003, Lower survival probabilities for adult Florida manatees in years with intense coastal storms: Ecological Applications, v. 13, no. 1, p. 257-268, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0257:LSPFAF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"268","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0257:lspfaf]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.0888671875,\n 26.45090222367262\n ],\n [\n -82.342529296875,\n 26.45090222367262\n ],\n [\n -82.342529296875,\n 30.363396239603716\n ],\n [\n -86.0888671875,\n 30.363396239603716\n ],\n [\n -86.0888671875,\n 26.45090222367262\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a7de4b0c8380cd68dec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langtimm, C.A. 0000-0001-8499-5743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":71133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langtimm","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, C.A. 0000-0002-5388-5418","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":78674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025971,"text":"70025971 - 2003 - Signatures of the seismic source in EMD-based characterization of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake recordings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T15:55:11","indexId":"70025971","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Signatures of the seismic source in EMD-based characterization of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake recordings","docAbstract":"

In this article we use empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to characterize the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake records and investigate the signatures carried over from the source rupture process. Comparison of the current study results with existing source inverse solutions that use traditional data processing suggests that the EMD-based characterization contains information that sheds light on aspects of the earthquake rupture process. We first summarize the fundamentals of the EMD and illustrate its features through the analysis of a hypothetical and a real record. Typically, the Northridge strong-motion records are decomposed into eight or nine intrinsic mode functions (IMF's), each of which emphasizes a different oscillation mode with different amplitude and frequency content. The first IMF has the highest-frequency content; frequency content decreases with an increase in IMF component. With the aid of a finite-fault inversion method, we then examine aspects of the source of the 1994 Northridge earthquake that are reflected in the second to fifth IMF components. This study shows that the second IMF is predominantly wave motion generated near the hypocenter, with high-frequency content that might be related to a large stress drop associated with the initiation of the earthquake. As one progresses from the second to the fifth IMF component, there is a general migration of the source region away from the hypocenter with associated longer-period signals as the rupture propagates. This study suggests that the different IMF components carry information on the earthquake rupture process that is expressed in their different frequency bands.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120010285","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Zhang, R., Ma, S., and Hartzell, S., 2003, Signatures of the seismic source in EMD-based characterization of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake recordings: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 501-518, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010285.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"518","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.20602416992188,\n 34.36894463006109\n ],\n [\n -118.28224182128906,\n 34.371211682026164\n ],\n [\n -118.38729858398436,\n 34.35193978491414\n ],\n [\n -118.40309143066405,\n 34.18738185995052\n ],\n [\n -118.22937011718749,\n 34.14306652783193\n ],\n [\n -118.13323974609374,\n 34.17431693701009\n ],\n [\n -118.11538696289062,\n 34.275375297643876\n ],\n [\n -118.17649841308594,\n 34.35023911062779\n ],\n [\n -118.20602416992188,\n 34.36894463006109\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f10e4b08c986b318ce3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, R.R.","contributorId":18942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ma, S.","contributorId":59189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025434,"text":"70025434 - 2003 - Long-term, high-frequency current and temperature measurements along central California: Insights into upwelling/relaxation and internal waves on the inner shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025434","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term, high-frequency current and temperature measurements along central California: Insights into upwelling/relaxation and internal waves on the inner shelf","docAbstract":"Thermistor chains and acoustic Doppler current profilers were deployed at the northern and southern ends of Monterey Bay to examine the thermal and hydrodynamic structure of the inner (h ??? 20 m) shelf of central California. These instruments sampled temperature and current velocity at 2-min intervals over a 13-month period from June 2000 to July 2001. Time series of these data, in conjunction with SST imagery and CODAR sea surface current maps, helped to establish the basic hydrography for Monterey Bay. Analysis of time series data revealed that depth integrated flow at both sites was shore parallel (northwest-southeast) with net flows out of the Bay (northwest). The current and temperature records were dominated by semi-diurnal and diurnal tidal signals that lagged the surface tides by 3 h on average. Over the course of an internal tidal cycle these flows were asymmetric, with the flow during the flooding internal tide to the southeast typically lasting only one-third as long as the flow to the northwest during the ebbing internal tide. The transitions from ebb to flood were rapid and bore-like in nature; they were also marked by rapid increases in temperature and high shear. During the spring and summer, when thermal stratification was high, we observed almost 2000 high-frequency (Tp ??? 4-20 min) internal waves in packets of 8-10 following the heads of these bore-like features. Previous studies along the West Coast of the US have concluded that warm water bores and high-frequency internal waves may play a significant role in the onshore transport of larvae.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00045-1","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., McManus, M., and Figurski, J., 2003, Long-term, high-frequency current and temperature measurements along central California: Insights into upwelling/relaxation and internal waves on the inner shelf: Continental Shelf Research, v. 23, no. 9, p. 901-918, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00045-1.","startPage":"901","endPage":"918","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00045-1"},{"id":236044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49b4e4b0c8380cd6880b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McManus, M.A.","contributorId":73390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Figurski, J.D.","contributorId":80853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figurski","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025976,"text":"70025976 - 2003 - Lithologic mapping in the Mountain Pass, California area using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025976","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithologic mapping in the Mountain Pass, California area using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data","docAbstract":"Evaluation of an Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) image of the Mountain Pass, California area indicates that several important lithologic groups can be mapped in areas with good exposure by using spectral-matching techniques. The three visible and six near-infrared bands, which have 15-m and 30-m resolution, respectively, were calibrated by using in situ measurements of spectral reflectance. Calcitic rocks were distinguished from dolomitic rocks by using matched-filter processing in which image spectra were used as references for selected spectral categories. Skarn deposits and associated bright coarse marble were mapped in contact metamorphic zones related to intrusion of Mesozoic and Tertiary granodioritic rocks. Fe-muscovite, which is common in these intrusive rocks, was distinguished from Al-muscovite present in granitic gneisses and Mesozoic granite. Quartzose rocks were readily discriminated, and carbonate rocks were mapped as a single broad unit through analysis of the 90-m resolution, five-band surface emissivity data, which is produced as a standard product at the EROS Data Center. Three additional classes resulting from spectral-angle mapper processing ranged from (1) a broad granitic rock class (2) to predominately granodioritic rocks and (3) a more mafic class consisting mainly of mafic gneiss, amphibolite and variable mixtures of carbonate rocks and silicate rocks. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00127-X","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., and Mars, J., 2003, Lithologic mapping in the Mountain Pass, California area using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 84, no. 3, p. 350-366, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00127-X.","startPage":"350","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208755,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00127-X"},{"id":234724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4874e4b0c8380cd67ea3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mars, J.C.","contributorId":74833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025983,"text":"70025983 - 2003 - Mapping mine wastes and analyzing areas affected by selenium-rich water runoff in southeast Idaho using AVIRIS imagery and digital elevation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70025983","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping mine wastes and analyzing areas affected by selenium-rich water runoff in southeast Idaho using AVIRIS imagery and digital elevation data","docAbstract":"Remotely sensed hyperspectral and digital elevation data from southeastern Idaho are combined in a new method to assess mine waste contamination. Waste rock from phosphorite mining in the area contains selenium, cadmium, vanadium, and other metals. Toxic concentrations of selenium have been found in plants and soils near some mine waste dumps. Eighteen mine waste dumps and five vegetation cover types in the southeast Idaho phosphate district were mapped by using Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) imagery and field data. The interaction of surface water runoff with mine waste was assessed by registering the AVIRIS results to digital elevation data, enabling determinations of (1) mine dump morphologies, (2) catchment watershed areas above each mine dump, (3) flow directions from the dumps, (4) stream gradients, and (5) the extent of downstream wetlands available for selenium absorption. Watersheds with the most severe selenium contamination, such as the South Maybe Canyon watershed, are associated with mine dumps that have large catchment watershed areas, high stream gradients, a paucity of downstream wetlands, and dump forms that tend to obstruct stream flow. Watersheds associated with low concentrations of dissolved selenium, such as Angus Creek, have mine dumps with small catchment watershed areas, low stream gradients, abundant wetlands vegetation, and less obstructing dump morphologies. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00132-3","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Mars, J., and Crowley, J., 2003, Mapping mine wastes and analyzing areas affected by selenium-rich water runoff in southeast Idaho using AVIRIS imagery and digital elevation data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 84, no. 3, p. 422-436, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00132-3.","startPage":"422","endPage":"436","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208818,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00132-3"},{"id":234838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5060e4b0c8380cd6b65e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mars, J.C.","contributorId":74833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowley, J.K.","contributorId":103690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85404,"text":"85404 - 2003 - Wolf population dynamics","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85404,"text":"85404 - 2003 - Wolf population dynamics","indexId":"85404","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"6","title":"Wolf population dynamics"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":93844,"text":"93844 - 2003 - Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation","indexId":"93844","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":93844,"text":"93844 - 2003 - Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation","indexId":"93844","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T11:18:41","indexId":"85404","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Wolf population dynamics","docAbstract":"

A large, dark wolf poked his nose out of the pines in Yellowstone National Park as he thrust a broad foot deep into the snow and plowed ahead. Soon a second animal appeared, then another, and a fourth. A few minutes later, a pack of thirteen lanky wolves had filed out of the pines and onto the open hillside.

Wolf packs are the main social units of a wolf population. As numbers of wolves in packs change, so too, then, does the wolf population (Rausch 1967). Trying to understand the factors and mechanisms that affect these changes is what the field of wolf population dynamics is all about. In this chapter, we will explore this topic using two main approaches: (1) meta-analysis using data from studies from many areas and periods, and (2) case histories of key long-term studies. The combination presents a good picture – a picture, however, that is still incomplete. We also caution that the data sets summarized in the analyses represent snapshots of wolf population dynamics under widely varying conditions and population trends, and that the figures used are usually composites or averages. Nevertheless, they should allow generalizations that provide important insight into wolf population dynamics.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","isbn":"9780226516974","usgsCitation":"Fuller, T.K., Mech, L.D., and Cochrane, J.F., 2003, Wolf population dynamics, chap. 6 of Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation, p. 161-191.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"191","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/W/bo3641392.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfa98","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504507,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boitani, Luigi","contributorId":32454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boitani","given":"Luigi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504506,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Todd K.","contributorId":35700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochrane, Jean Fitts","contributorId":92416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"Fitts","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179880,"text":"70179880 - 2003 - Identification of larval Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata), river lampreys (L. ayresi), and western brook lampreys (L. richardsoni) and thermal requirements of early life history stages of lampreys. Annual report 2002-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T13:49:13","indexId":"70179880","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Identification of larval Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata), river lampreys (L. ayresi), and western brook lampreys (L. richardsoni) and thermal requirements of early life history stages of lampreys. Annual report 2002-2003","docAbstract":"

Two fundamental aspects of lamprey biology were examined to provide tools for population assessment and determination of critical habitat needs of Columbia River Basin (CRB) lampreys (the Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, and the western brook lamprey, L. richardsoni). We evaluated the usefulness of current diagnostic characteristics for identification of larval lampreys (i.e., pigment patterns) and collected material for development of meristic and morphometric descriptions of early life stage CRB lampreys, and we determined the effects of temperature on survival and development of early life stage CRB lampreys. Thirty-one larval lampreys were collected from locations throughout the CRB and transported to the Columbia River Research Laboratory. Lampreys were sampled at six-week intervals at which time they were identified to the species level based on current diagnostic characteristics. Sampling was repeated until lampreys metamorphosed, at which time species identification was validated based on dentition, or until they died, at which time they were preserved for genetic examination. These lampreys were sampled 30 times with two individuals metamorphosing, both of which were consistently identified, and subsequently validated, as Pacific lampreys. Of the remaining lampreys, only one was inconsistently identified (Pacific lamprey in 83% of the sampling events and western brook lamprey in 17% of the sampling events). These data suggest that pigmentation patterns do not change appreciably through time. In 2001 and 2002 we artificially spawned Pacific and western brook lampreys in the laboratory to provide material for meristic and morphometric descriptions. We collected, digitized, preserved, and measured the mean chorion diameter of Pacific and western brook lamprey embryos. Embryos ranged in development from 1 d post fertilization to just prior to hatch, and were incubated at 14 C. Mean chorion diameter was greater and more variable for Pacific lampreys (mean {+-} SD; 1.468 {+-} 0.107 mm, N = 320) than for western brook lampreys (1.237 {+-} 0.064 mm, N = 280). An unpaired t-test showed that the difference in mean chorion diameter between species was highly significant (t = 32.788, df = 528.62, P < 0.0001). For larvae, we collected, digitized, and preserved 156 individuals from each species. Eight homologous landmarks defining a two-cell truss network with two appended triangles were selected for morphometric analyses and species discrimination. A full model discriminant analysis correctly classified 92% of the Pacific lampreys and 93% of the western brook lampreys in a classification data set. When applied to a test data set, the classification functions correctly classified 91% of the Pacific lampreys and 85% of the western brook lampreys. A backward elimination discriminant analysis removed four variables from the full model, and the reduced model correctly classified 91% of the Pacific lampreys and 93% of the western brook lampreys in a classification data set. The reduced model classification functions correctly classified 91% of the Pacific lampreys and 85% of the western brook lampreys in a test data set. In 2001 and 2002 Pacific and western brook lampreys were artificially spawned and resulting progeny were reared in the laboratory at 10 C, 14 C, 18 C, and 22 C. The estimated temperature for zero development was 4.85 C for Pacific and 4.97 C for western brook lampreys. Survival was greatest at 18 C followed by 14 C, 10 C, and 22 C, with significant differences observed between 22 C and other temperatures. Overall survival was significantly greater for western brook than for Pacific lampreys, although the difference in proportion of individuals surviving was only 0.02. Survival to hatch was significantly greater than survival to the larval stage with a difference of only 0.03. The proportion of individuals exhibiting abnormalities at the larval stage was greatest at 22 C followed by 18 C, 10 C, and 14 C, with significant differences observed between 22 C and other temperatures.

","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","doi":"10.2172/963076","usgsCitation":"Meeuwig, M., Bayer, J., Seelye, J., and Reiche, R., 2003, Identification of larval Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata), river lampreys (L. ayresi), and western brook lampreys (L. richardsoni) and thermal requirements of early life history stages of lampreys. Annual report 2002-2003, https://doi.org/10.2172/963076.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/963076","text":"External Repository"},{"id":333470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dedee4b01192927d9fa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meeuwig, M.H.","contributorId":24741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeuwig","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reiche, R.A.","contributorId":68107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiche","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70181813,"text":"70181813 - 2003 - Western crevice and cavity-roosting bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T13:59:59","indexId":"70181813","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Western crevice and cavity-roosting bats","docAbstract":"

Among the 45 species of bats that occur in the United States (U.S.), 34 species regularly occur in western regions of the country. Many of these “western” species choose roost sites in crevices or cavities. Herein we provide an introduction to the biology of bats that roost in cavities and crevices and assess the challenges and opportunities associated with monitoring their populations. We reviewed recent studies and examined the U.S. Geological Survey Bat Population Database (BPD) for records of western bats using crevice and cavity roosts. We found records of 25 species of western bats that use crevice or cavity roosts for at least part of their annual cycle. There were relatively few (n = 92) observations or counts for these species in the BPD, representing only 6% of the observations in the database. This paucity of records likely reflects the difficulty of observing bats in such situations rather than actual use. We found no long-term data adequate for population trend analysis among this group of bats. Since the development of miniaturized radio transmitters, our knowledge about bats that roost in cavities and crevices has increased. Future challenges associated with monitoring these species will include understanding variability in the types of roosts used as well as the roost-switching behavior exhibited by many species.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monitoring trends in bat populations of the United States and territories: Problems and prospects (Information and Technology Report 2003-0003)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Bogan, M., Cryan, P.M., Valdez, E.W., Ellison, L.E., and O’Shea, T.J., 2003, Western crevice and cavity-roosting bats, chap. of Monitoring trends in bat populations of the United States and territories: Problems and prospects (Information and Technology Report 2003-0003), p. 69-77.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/2003/0003/report.pdf#page=79"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42537e4b0c825128ad447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bogan, Michael A.","contributorId":27128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"Michael A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valdez, Ernest W. 0000-0002-7262-3069 ernie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-3069","contributorId":3600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"Ernest","email":"ernie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. osheat@usgs.gov","contributorId":2327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"osheat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":668697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015289,"text":"1015289 - 2003 - The effects of bird use on nutrient removal in a constructed wastewater-treatment wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T10:29:55","indexId":"1015289","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of bird use on nutrient removal in a constructed wastewater-treatment wetland","docAbstract":"

A 9.9-ha constructed wetland designed to reduce nitrogen in municipal wastewater following conventional secondary treatment began operating in southern California's San Jacinto Valley in September 1994. The wetland incorporated zones of bulrush (Schoenoplectus acutus and S. californicus) for effluent treatment, plus areas of 1.8-m deep open water and other features to benefit wintering waterfowl. A one-year long program to monitor bird use and evaluate their contribution to loadings of nitrogen and phosphorus was initiated seven months later and a second, four-month long period of monitoring was initiated after a 20-month hiatus. Daily bird use peaked at nearly 12,000 individuals during the second period. Estimates of maximum daily nitrogen and phosphorus input by birds were 139 g N ha−1 day−1 and 56 g P ha−1 day−1. Following a reconfiguration of the wetland that increased the area of open water, a third year-long period of monitoring was initiated in September 2000. Estimated maximum daily loading attributable to birds during this period reached 312 g N ha−1 day−1 and 124 g P ha−1 day−1. These levels represent only 2.6% and 7.0%, respectively, of the mean daily loads of N and P in inflow water from the wastewater-treatment plant. Wintering waterfowl contributed the most to nutrient loading, but the numerically dominant species was the colonial Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus). The wetland's nutrient-removal efficiency was negatively correlated to bird loading. However, the greatest bird loading occurred during November to March, when winter conditions would reduce microbial nutrient-removal processes and plant uptake in the wetland. Multiple regression analysis indicated that variation in nutrient removal efficiency over a one-year period was best explained by wetland water temperature (R2 = 0.21) and that little additional insight was gained by adding bird loading and inflow nutrient load data (R2 = 0.22). This case study supports the concept that a constructed wetland can be designed both to reduce nutrients in municipal wastewater and to provide habitat for wetland birds.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/17-20","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., Sartoris, J., Thullen, J., and Reusch, P., 2003, The effects of bird use on nutrient removal in a constructed wastewater-treatment wetland: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 2, p. 423-435, https://doi.org/10.1672/17-20.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"435","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sartoris, J.J.","contributorId":84310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartoris","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thullen, J.S.","contributorId":16361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thullen","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reusch, P.G.","contributorId":25901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reusch","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":87332,"text":"87332 - 2003 - Introduction to fire danger rating and remote sensing - Will remote sensing enhance wildland fire danger prediction?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T12:34:44","indexId":"87332","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5391,"text":"Series in Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"4","chapter":"1","title":"Introduction to fire danger rating and remote sensing - Will remote sensing enhance wildland fire danger prediction?","docAbstract":"

While ‘Fire Danger’ per se cannot be measured, the physical properties of the biotic and abiotic world that relate to fire occurrence and fire behavior can. Today, increasingly sophisticated Remote Sensing methods are being developed to more accurately detect fuel properties such as species composition (fuel types), vegetation structure or plant water content - to name a few. Based on meteorological input data and physical, semi-physical or empirical model calculations, Wildland Fire Danger Rating Systems provide ‘indirect values’ - numerical indices - at different temporal scales (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly) denoting the physical conditions that may lead to fire ignition and support fire propagation. The results can be expressed as fire danger levels, ranging from ‘low’ to ‘very high’, and are commonly used in operational wildland fire management (e.g., the Canadian Fire Weather Index [FWI] System, the Russian Nesterov Index, or the U.S. National Fire Danger Rating System [NFDRS]). Today, fire danger levels are often turned into broad scale maps with the help of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) showing the areas with the different fire danger levels, and are distributed via the World Wide Web.

In this chapter we will outline some key issues dealing with Remote Sensing and GIS techniques that are covered in the following chapters, and elaborate how the Fire Danger Rating concepts could be integrated into a framework that enables comprehensive and sustainable wildland fire risk assessment. To do so, we will first raise some general thoughts about wildland fires and suggest how to approach this extremely complex phenomenon. Second, we will outline a possible fire risk analysis framework and third we will give a short overview on existing Fire Danger Rating Systems and the principles behind them.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildland fire danger estimation and mapping: The role of remote sensing data (Series in Remote Sensing volume 4)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789812791177_0001","isbn":"978-981-238-569-7 ","usgsCitation":"Allgower, B., Carlson, J., and Van Wagtendonk, J.W., 2003, Introduction to fire danger rating and remote sensing - Will remote sensing enhance wildland fire danger prediction?, chap. 1 of Wildland fire danger estimation and mapping: The role of remote sensing data (Series in Remote Sensing volume 4): Series in Remote Sensing, v. 4, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812791177_0001.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bee4b07f02db5d13d0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chuvieco, Emilio","contributorId":80192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chuvieco","given":"Emilio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505013,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Allgower, Britta","contributorId":93421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allgower","given":"Britta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, J.D.","contributorId":103983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Wagtendonk, Jan W. jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","contributorId":2648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wagtendonk","given":"Jan","email":"jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179865,"text":"70179865 - 2003 - Gas bubble disease in resident fish below Grand Coulee Dam: final report of research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T11:46:48","indexId":"70179865","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Gas bubble disease in resident fish below Grand Coulee Dam: final report of research","docAbstract":"

Fish kills have occurred in the reservoir below Grand Coulee Dam possibly due to total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS), which occurs when water cascades over a dam or waterfall. The highest TDGS below Grand Coulee Dam has occurred after spilling water via the outlet tubes, though TDGS from upstream sources has also been recorded. Exposure to TDGS can cause gas bubble disease in aquatic organisms. This disease, analogous to ‘the bends’ in human divers, can range from mild to fatal depending on the level of supersaturation, species, life cycle stage, condition of the fish, fish depth, and the water temperature. The USGS, Western Fisheries Research Center’s Columbia River Research Laboratory conducted field and laboratory experiments to determine the relative risks of TDGS to various species of fish in the reservoir below the dam (Rufus Woods Lake). Field work included examination of over 8000 resident fish for signs of gas bubble disease, examination of the annual growth increments of several species relative to ambient TDGS, and recording the in-situ depths and temperatures of several species using miniature recorders surgically implanted in both resident fish and triploid steelhead reared in commercial net pens. Laboratory experiments included bioassays of the progression of signs and mortality of several species at various TDGS levels. The overarching objective of these studies was to provide data to enable sound management decisions regarding the effects of TDGS in the reservoir below Grand Coulee Dam, though the data may also be applicable to other locations.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","publisherLocation":"Boise, ID","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J., Venditti, D., Morris, R., Gadomski, D., Adams, B., Vanderkooi, S., Robinson, T., and Maule, A., 2003, Gas bubble disease in resident fish below Grand Coulee Dam: final report of research, iv., 159 p. .","productDescription":"iv., 159 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wfrc.usgs.gov/publications/reportpdf/usgsfrgbdgrandcouleedam.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Grand Coulee Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.9984130859375,\n 47.980959756525635\n ],\n [\n -118.95996093749999,\n 47.9839472330482\n ],\n [\n -118.93043518066405,\n 47.952685075446546\n ],\n [\n -118.91258239746092,\n 47.958663127446556\n ],\n [\n -118.90331268310547,\n 47.93543681942298\n ],\n [\n -118.94451141357422,\n 47.92071375635142\n ],\n [\n -119.00081634521483,\n 47.93934692855592\n ],\n [\n -118.99772644042969,\n 47.94969579007753\n ],\n [\n -118.99532318115234,\n 47.97613346768237\n ],\n [\n -118.9984130859375,\n 47.980959756525635\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dee2e4b01192927d9fbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Venditti, D.A.","contributorId":74536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venditti","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, R.G.","contributorId":24242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gadomski, D.M.","contributorId":37101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadomski","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, B.J.","contributorId":178459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vanderkooi, S.J.","contributorId":178460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vanderkooi","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robinson, T.C.","contributorId":178452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70180940,"text":"70180940 - 2003 - Improving size estimates of open animal populations by incorporating information on age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:18:11","indexId":"70180940","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving size estimates of open animal populations by incorporating information on age","docAbstract":"

Around the world, a great deal of effort is expended each year to estimate the sizes of wild animal populations. Unfortunately, population size has proven to be one of the most intractable parameters to estimate. The capture-recapture estimation models most commonly used (of the Jolly-Seber type) are complicated and require numerous, sometimes questionable, assumptions. The derived estimates usually have large variances and lack consistency over time. In capture–recapture studies of long-lived animals, the ages of captured animals can often be determined with great accuracy and relative ease. We show how to incorporate age information into size estimates for open populations, where the size changes through births, deaths, immigration, and emigration. The proposed method allows more precise estimates of population size than the usual models, and it can provide these estimates from two sample occasions rather than the three usually required. Moreover, this method does not require specialized programs for capture-recapture data; researchers can derive their estimates using the logistic regression module in any standard statistical package.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0666:ISEOOA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Manly, B.F., McDonald, T.L., Amstrup, S.C., and Regehr, E.V., 2003, Improving size estimates of open animal populations by incorporating information on age: BioScience, v. 53, no. 7, p. 666-669, https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0666:ISEOOA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"666","endPage":"669","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c40e4b0efcedb741088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Trent L.","contributorId":92193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026138,"text":"70026138 - 2003 - Initial river test of a monostatic RiverSonde streamflow measurement system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T18:39:27.205922","indexId":"70026138","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Initial river test of a monostatic RiverSonde streamflow measurement system","docAbstract":"A field experiment was conducted on May 7-8, 2002 using a CODAR RiverSonde UHF radar system at Vernalis, California on the San Joaquin River. The monostatic radar configuration on one bank of the river, with the antennas looking both upriver and downriver, provided very high-quality data. Estimates of both along-river and cross-river surface current were generated using several models, including one based on normal-mode analysis. Along-river surface velocities ranged from about 0.6 m/s at the river banks to about 1.0 m/s near the middle of the river. Average cross-river surface velocities were 0.02 m/s or less.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Seventh Working Conference on Current Measurement; Current and Wave Monitoring and Emerging Technologies","conferenceDate":"March 13-15, 2003","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, California, United States","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/CCM.2003.1194281","usgsCitation":"Teague, C., Barrick, D., Lilleboe, P., and Cheng, R.T., 2003, Initial river test of a monostatic RiverSonde streamflow measurement system, in Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement, San Diego, California, United States, March 13-15, 2003, p. 46-50, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCM.2003.1194281.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Vernalis","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.34306105965155,\n 37.70722574782812\n ],\n [\n -121.34306105965155,\n 37.564761014880446\n ],\n [\n -121.14427718513983,\n 37.564761014880446\n ],\n [\n -121.14427718513983,\n 37.70722574782812\n ],\n [\n -121.34306105965155,\n 37.70722574782812\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3beae4b0c8380cd62927","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rizoli J.A.","contributorId":128304,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Rizoli J.A.","id":536577,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Teague, C.C.","contributorId":17758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrick, D.E.","contributorId":86483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrick","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lilleboe, P.M.","contributorId":25284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilleboe","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026283,"text":"70026283 - 2003 - Volcano seismology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-05T13:01:06","indexId":"70026283","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano seismology","docAbstract":"

A fundamental goal of volcano seismology is to understand active magmatic systems, to characterize the configuration of such systems, and to determine the extent and evolution of source regions of magmatic energy. Such understanding is critical to our assessment of eruptive behavior and its hazardous impacts. With the emergence of portable broadband seismic instrumentation, availability of digital networks with wide dynamic range, and development of new powerful analysis techniques, rapid progress is being made toward a synthesis of high-quality seismic data to develop a coherent model of eruption mechanics. Examples of recent advances are: (1) high-resolution tomography to image subsurface volcanic structures at scales of a few hundred meters; (2) use of small-aperture seismic antennas to map the spatio-temporal properties of long-period (LP) seismicity; (3) moment tensor inversions of very-long-period (VLP) data to derive the source geometry and mass-transport budget of magmatic fluids; (4) spectral analyses of LP events to determine the acoustic properties of magmatic and associated hydrothermal fluids; and (5) experimental modeling of the source dynamics of volcanic tremor. These promising advances provide new insights into the mechanical properties of volcanic fluids and subvolcanic mass-transport dynamics. As new seismic methods refine our understanding of seismic sources, and geochemical methods better constrain mass balance and magma behavior, we face new challenges in elucidating the physico-chemical processes that cause volcanic unrest and its seismic and gas-discharge manifestations. Much work remains to be done toward a synthesis of seismological, geochemical, and petrological observations into an integrated model of volcanic behavior. Future important goals must include: (1) interpreting the key types of magma movement, degassing and boiling events that produce characteristic seismic phenomena; (2) characterizing multiphase fluids in subvolcanic regimes and determining their physical and chemical properties; and (3) quantitatively understanding multiphase fluid flow behavior under dynamic volcanic conditions. To realize these goals, not only must we learn how to translate seismic observations into quantitative information about fluid dynamics, but we also must determine the underlying physics that governs vesiculation, fragmentation, and the collapse of bubble-rich suspensions to form separate melt and vapor. Refined understanding of such processes—essential for quantitative short-term eruption forecasts—will require multidisciplinary research involving detailed field measurements, laboratory experiments, and numerical modeling.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/PL00012556","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B., 2003, Volcano seismology: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 160, no. 3-4, p. 739-788, https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012556.","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"788","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"160","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc335e4b08c986b32b00b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}