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,{"id":70170284,"text":"70170284 - 2004 - Vital signs monitoring plan for the Klamath Network: Phase I report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T12:22:59","indexId":"70170284","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-10T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Vital signs monitoring plan for the Klamath Network: Phase I report","docAbstract":"<p><span>This report chronicles the Phase 1 stage of the vital signs monitoring program for the Klamath Network. It consists of two chapters and eleven appendixes. The purposes of Chapter One are to 1) describe the network administrative structure and approach to planning; 2) introduce the Klamath Network parks, their resources, and environmental settings; 3) explain the need for monitoring changes in resources and supporting environments; 4) identify key information gaps that limit understanding of how to best achieve these monitoring goals. The purpose of Chapter Two is to develop the descriptive information provided in Chapter One into a conceptual basis for vital signs monitoring and to present the Network&rsquo;s initial suite of conceptual models. The Report Appendices provide in-depth information on a variety of topics researched in preparation of the report, including: detailed natural resource profiles for each park, supporting policies and guidelines, regional fire regimes, vegetation types of the parks, exotic species threats, interagency monitoring programs, air issues, water quality (Phase 1 Report), Network vital signs (Scoping Summary Report), rare species, and rare habitats of the parks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Klamath Network-National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Ashland, OR","usgsCitation":"Sarr, D., Odion, D., Truitt, R.E., Beever, E.A., Shafer, S., Duff, A., Smith, S.B., Bunn, W., Rocchio, J., Sarnat, E., Alexander, J., and Jessup, S., 2004, Vital signs monitoring plan for the Klamath Network: Phase I report, 106 p.","productDescription":"106 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"106","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320077,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/627298"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571210bae4b0ef3b7ca6445b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarr, Daniel","contributorId":71148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarr","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odion, Dennis","contributorId":168618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Odion","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Truitt, Robert E.","contributorId":168619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truitt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah 0000-0003-3739-2637 sshafer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3739-2637","contributorId":149866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah","email":"sshafer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duff, Andrew","contributorId":168620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duff","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Sean B.","contributorId":168621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bunn, Windy","contributorId":168622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunn","given":"Windy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rocchio, Judy","contributorId":168624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rocchio","given":"Judy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sarnat, Eli","contributorId":168625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sarnat","given":"Eli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Alexander, John","contributorId":168626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jessup, Steve","contributorId":168627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessup","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70160020,"text":"70160020 - 2004 - Pattern detection in stream networks: Quantifying spatial variability in fish distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T17:51:37","indexId":"70160020","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Pattern detection in stream networks: Quantifying spatial variability in fish distribution","docAbstract":"<p>Biological and physical properties of rivers and streams are inherently difficult to sample and visualize at the resolution and extent necessary to detect fine-scale distributional patterns over large areas. Satellite imagery and broad-scale fish survey methods are effective for quantifying spatial variability in biological and physical variables over a range of scales in marine environments but are often too coarse in resolution to address conservation needs in inland fisheries management. We present methods for sampling and analyzing multiscale, spatially continuous patterns of stream fishes and physical habitat in small- to medium-size watersheds (500–1000 hectares). Geospatial tools, including geographic information system (GIS) software such as ArcInfo dynamic segmentation and ArcScene 3D analyst modules, were used to display complex biological and physical datasets. These tools also provided spatial referencing information (e.g. Cartesian and route-measure coordinates) necessary for&nbsp;conducting geostatistical analyses of spatial patterns (empirical semivariograms and wavelet analysis) in linear stream networks. Graphical depiction of fish distribution along a one-dimensional longitudinal profile and throughout the stream network (superimposed on a 10-metre digital elevation model) provided the spatial context necessary for describing and interpreting the relationship between landscape pattern and the distribution of coastal cutthroat trout (<i>Oncorhynchus clarki clarki</i>) in western Oregon, U.S.A. The distribution of coastal cutthroat trout was highly autocorrelated and exhibited a spherical semivariogram with a defined nugget, sill, and range. Wavelet analysis of the main-stem longitudinal profile revealed periodicity in trout distribution at three nested spatial scales corresponding ostensibly to landscape disturbances and the spacing of tributary junctions.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Second International Symposium on GIS/Spatial Analyses in Fishery and Aquatic Sciences","conferenceDate":"September 3-6, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Brighton, UK","language":"English","publisher":"Fishery/Aquatic GIS Research Group","usgsCitation":"Torgersen, C.E., Gresswell, R.E., and Bateman, D.S., 2004, Pattern detection in stream networks: Quantifying spatial variability in fish distribution, Second International Symposium on GIS/Spatial Analyses in Fishery and Aquatic Sciences, v. 2, Brighton, UK, September 3-6, 2002, p. 405-420.","productDescription":"16 p","startPage":"405","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science 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 \"}}]}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695edae4b08895842a1c93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torgersen, Christian E. 0000-0001-8325-2737 ctorgersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-2737","contributorId":3578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"Christian","email":"ctorgersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bateman, Douglas S. 0000-0002-5609-2085 doug_bateman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5609-2085","contributorId":4016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"Douglas","email":"doug_bateman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160022,"text":"70160022 - 2004 - Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: Annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-08T10:06:30","indexId":"70160022","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: Annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2003","docAbstract":"<p>The contents of this Annual Report summarize results of monitoring and research from the 2003 field season. The report also contains a summary of nuisance grizzly bear (<i>Ursus arctos horribilis</i>) management actions.</p>\n<p>The study team continues to work on issues associated with counts of unduplicated females with cubs-of-the-year (COY). These counts are used to establish a minimum population size, which is then used to establish mortality thresholds for the Recovery Plan (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS] 1993). A computer program that defines the rule set used by Knight et al. (1995) to differentiate unique family groups is currently under development. Once complete, we intend to use it to verify the accuracy of the rules using known bears and their telemetry locations in test runs. We hope to have this work complete by summer 2004.</p>\n<p>The grizzly bear recovery plan (USFWS 1993) established mortality quotas at 4% of the minimum population estimate derived from female with COY data and no more than 30% of the 4% (1.2%) could be female bears. Simulation modeling (Harris 1984) established sustainable mortality at around 6% of the population. We used the latest information on reproduction and survival to estimate population trajectory in the same simulation model originally used by Harris. A Wildlife Monograph has been drafted and submitted for consideration as a publication. We anticipate final word sometime during winter 2005.</p>\n<p>Our project addressing the potential application of stable isotopes and trace elements to quantify consumption rates of whitebark pine (<i>Pinus albicaulis</i>) and cutthroat trout (<i>Oncorhynchus clarki</i>) by grizzly bears was completed. Our manuscript on consumption rates of whitebark pine has been published (Canadian Journal of Zoology 81:763-770). A copy can be found on the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team (IGBST) website http://www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/research/igbst-home.htm. The manuscript on fish consumption is in final review and should be published in 2004.</p>\n<p>We began a new study in Grand Teton National Park evaluating habitat use both temporally and spatially between grizzly and black (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) bears. We will employ a new form of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology that incorporates a spread spectrum communication system. Spread spectrum allows for transfer of stored GPS locations from the collar to a remote receiving station. We tested 2 collars during the fall of 2003 and provide a summary of the results. We will attempt to deploy several of these collars during the 2004 field season.</p>\n<p>The annual reports of the IGBST summarize annual data collection. Because additional information can be obtained after publication, data summaries are subject to change. For that reason, data analyses and summaries presented in this report supersede all previously published data. The study area and sampling techniques are reported by Blanchard (1985), Mattson et al. (1991a), and Haroldson et al. (1998).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"2004, Yellowstone grizzly bear investigations: Annual report of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2003 (2003): Annual Report, 65 p.","productDescription":"65 p.","numberOfPages":"69","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/products/IGBST"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n     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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581616,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160040,"text":"70160040 - 2004 - Geospatial techniques for developing a sampling frame of watersheds across a region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:56:17","indexId":"70160040","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geospatial techniques for developing a sampling frame of watersheds across a region","docAbstract":"<p>Current land-management decisions that affect the persistence of native salmonids are often influenced by studies of individual sites that are selected based on judgment and convenience. Although this approach is useful for some purposes, extrapolating results to areas that were not sampled is statistically inappropriate because the sampling design is usually biased. Therefore, in recent investigations of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) located above natural barriers to anadromous salmonids, we used a methodology for extending the statistical scope of inference. The purpose of this paper is to apply geospatial tools to identify a population of watersheds and develop a probability-based sampling design for coastal cutthroat trout in western Oregon, USA. The population of mid-size watersheds (500-5800 ha) west&nbsp;of the Cascade Range divide was derived from watershed delineations based on digital elevation models. Because a database with locations of isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout did not exist, a sampling frame of isolated watersheds containing cutthroat trout had to be developed. After the sampling frame of watersheds was established, isolated watersheds with coastal cutthroat trout were stratified by ecoregion and erosion potential based on dominant bedrock lithology (i.e., sedimentary and igneous). A stratified random sample of 60 watersheds was selected with proportional allocation in each stratum. By comparing watershed drainage areas of streams in the general population to those in the sampling frame and the resulting sample (n = 60), we were able to evaluate the how representative the subset of watersheds was in relation to the population of watersheds. Geospatial tools provided a relatively inexpensive means to generate the information necessary to develop a statistically robust, probability-based sampling design.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Second International Symposium on GIS/Spatial Analyses in Fishery and Aquatic Sciences","conferenceDate":"September 3-6, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Brighton, UK","language":"English","publisher":"Fishery/Aquatic GIS Research Group","usgsCitation":"Gresswell, R.E., Bateman, D.S., Lienkaemper, G., and Guy, T., 2004, Geospatial techniques for developing a sampling frame of watersheds across a region, Second International Symposium on GIS/Spatial Analyses in Fishery and Aquatic Sciences, Brighton, UK, September 3-6, 2002, p. 515-528.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"528","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695ed3e4b08895842a1c84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bateman, Douglas S. 0000-0002-5609-2085 doug_bateman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5609-2085","contributorId":4016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"Douglas","email":"doug_bateman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lienkaemper, George","contributorId":106211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guy, T.J.","contributorId":38087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70160108,"text":"70160108 - 2004 - Integrating association data and disease dynamics: an illustration using African Buffalo in Kruger National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T11:34:48","indexId":"70160108","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-03T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":783,"text":"Annales Zoologici Fennici","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating association data and disease dynamics: an illustration using African Buffalo in Kruger National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recognition is a prerequisite for non-random association amongst individuals. We explore how non-random association patterns (i.e. who spends time with whom) affect disease dynamics. We estimated the amount of time individuals spent together per month using radio-tracking data from African buffalo and incorporated these data into a dynamic social network model. The dynamic nature of the network has a strong influence on simulated disease dynamics particularly for diseases with shorter infectious periods. Cluster analyses of the association data demonstrated that buffalo herds were not as well defined as previously thought. Associations were more tightly clustered in 2002 than 2003, perhaps due to drier conditions in 2003. As a result, diseases may spread faster during drought conditions due to increased population mixing. Association data are often collected but this is the first use of empirical data in a network disease model in a wildlife population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2004","usgsCitation":"Cross, P.C., Lloyd-Smith, J.O., Bowers, J.A., Hay, C.T., Hofmeyr, M., and Getz, W.M., 2004, Integrating association data and disease dynamics: an illustration using African Buffalo in Kruger National Park: Annales Zoologici Fennici, v. 41, no. 6, p. 879-892.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"879","endPage":"892","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":312161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/23736148?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents"}],"country":"South Africa","otherGeospatial":"Kruger National Park","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[31.521,-29.25739],[31.32556,-29.40198],[30.90176,-29.90996],[30.62281,-30.42378],[30.05572,-31.14027],[28.92555,-32.17204],[28.21976,-32.77195],[27.46461,-33.22696],[26.41945,-33.61495],[25.90966,-33.66704],[25.78063,-33.94465],[25.17286,-33.79685],[24.67785,-33.98718],[23.59404,-33.79447],[22.98819,-33.91643],[22.57416,-33.86408],[21.5428,-34.25884],[20.68905,-34.41718],[20.07126,-34.79514],[19.61641,-34.81917],[19.19328,-34.4626],[18.85531,-34.44431],[18.42464,-33.99787],[18.37741,-34.13652],[18.2445,-33.86775],[18.25008,-33.28143],[17.92519,-32.61129],[18.24791,-32.42913],[18.22176,-31.66163],[17.56692,-30.72572],[17.06442,-29.87864],[17.06292,-29.87595],[16.34498,-28.57671],[16.82402,-28.08216],[17.21893,-28.35594],[17.3875,-28.78351],[17.83615,-28.85638],[18.4649,-29.04546],[19.00213,-28.97244],[19.89473,-28.4611],[19.89577,-24.76779],[20.16573,-24.91796],[20.75861,-25.86814],[20.66647,-26.47745],[20.88961,-26.82854],[21.6059,-26.72653],[22.10597,-26.28026],[22.57953,-25.97945],[22.82427,-25.50046],[23.3121,-25.26869],[23.73357,-25.39013],[24.21127,-25.67022],[25.02517,-25.71967],[25.66467,-25.48682],[25.76585,-25.17485],[25.94165,-24.69637],[26.48575,-24.61633],[26.78641,-24.24069],[27.11941,-23.57432],[28.01724,-22.82775],[29.43219,-22.09131],[29.83904,-22.10222],[30.32288,-22.27161],[30.65987,-22.15157],[31.19141,-22.25151],[31.6704,-23.65897],[31.93059,-24.36942],[31.75241,-25.48428],[31.83778,-25.84333],[31.33316,-25.66019],[31.04408,-25.73145],[30.94967,-26.02265],[30.67661,-26.39808],[30.68596,-26.74385],[31.28277,-27.28588],[31.86806,-27.17793],[32.07167,-26.73382],[32.83012,-26.74219],[32.58026,-27.47016],[32.46213,-28.30101],[32.20339,-28.7524],[31.521,-29.25739]]],[[[28.5417,-28.6475],[28.97826,-28.9556],[29.32517,-29.25739],[29.01842,-29.74377],[28.8484,-30.07005],[28.29107,-30.22622],[28.1072,-30.54573],[27.7494,-30.64511],[26.99926,-29.87595],[27.53251,-29.24271],[28.07434,-28.85147],[28.5417,-28.6475]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"South Africa\"}}]}","volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566c01dae4b09cfe53ca5ad3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lloyd-Smith, James O.","contributorId":124537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lloyd-Smith","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5095,"text":"Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowers, Justin A.","contributorId":150504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowers","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, Craig T.","contributorId":150505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hay","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hofmeyr, Markus","contributorId":150506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofmeyr","given":"Markus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Getz, Wayne M.","contributorId":64563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getz","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70160025,"text":"70160025 - 2004 - Forecasting for natural avalanches during spring opening of Going-to-the-Sun Road, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T17:56:10","indexId":"70160025","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-06T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Forecasting for natural avalanches during spring opening of Going-to-the-Sun Road, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The annual spring opening of the Going-to-the-Sun Road in Glacier National Park presents a unique avalanche forecasting challenge. The highway traverses dozens of avalanche paths mid-track in a 23-kilometer section that crosses the Continental Divide. Workers removing seasonal snow and avalanche debris are exposed to paths that can produce avalanches of destructive class 4. The starting zones for most slide paths are within proposed Wilderness, and explosive testing or control are not currently used. Spring weather along the Divide is highly variable; rain-on-snow events are common, storms can bring several feet of new snow as late as June, and temperature swings can be dramatic. Natural avalanches - dry and wet slab, dry and wet loose, and glide avalanches - present a wide range of hazards and forecasting issues. This paper summarizes the forecasting program instituted in 2002 for the annual snow removal operations. It focuses on tools and techniques for forecasting natural wet snow avalanches by incorporating two case studies, including a widespread climax wet slab cycle in 2003. We examine weather and snowpack conditions conducive to wet snow avalanches, indicators for instability, and suggest a conceptual model for wet snow stability in a northern intermountain snow climate.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2004 International Snow Science Workshop, Jackson Hole, Wyoming","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The International Snow Science Workshop","conferenceDate":"September 19-24, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Jackson, WY","language":"English","publisher":"International Snow Science Workshop Canada","usgsCitation":"Reardon, B., and Lundy, C., 2004, Forecasting for natural avalanches during spring opening of Going-to-the-Sun Road, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2004 International Snow Science Workshop, Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Jackson, WY, September 19-24, 2004, p. 565-581.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"581","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":370139,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.issw.net/2004.php"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.76318359375,\n              48.111099041065366\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.0987548828125,\n              48.111099041065366\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.0987548828125,\n              48.99463598353405\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.76318359375,\n              48.99463598353405\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.76318359375,\n              48.111099041065366\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695ed2e4b08895842a1c82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reardon, Blase","contributorId":150198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"Blase","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lundy, Chris","contributorId":150424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lundy","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16272,"text":"National Park Service, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160035,"text":"70160035 - 2004 - Modeling survival: application of the Andersen-Gill model to Yellowstone grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-09T12:41:01","indexId":"70160035","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-06T04:15:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling survival: application of the Andersen-Gill model to Yellowstone grizzly bears","docAbstract":"<p>&nbsp;Wildlife ecologists often use the Kaplan-Meier procedure or Cox proportional hazards model to estimate survival rates, distributions, and magnitude of risk factors. The Andersen-Gill formulation (A-G) of the Cox proportional hazards model has seen limited application to mark-resight data but has a number of advantages, including the ability to accommodate left-censored data, time-varying covariates, multiple events, and discontinuous intervals of risks. We introduce the A-G model including structure of data, interpretation of results, and assessment of assumptions. We then apply the model to 22 years of radiotelemetry data for grizzly bears (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) of the Greater Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Recovery Zone in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming, USA. We used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC<sub><i>c</i></sub>) and multi-model inference to assess a number of potentially useful predictive models relative to explanatory covariates for demography, human disturbance, and habitat. Using the most parsimonious models, we generated risk ratios, hypothetical survival curves, and a map of the spatial distribution of high-risk areas across the recovery zone. Our results were in agreement with past studies of mortality factors for Yellowstone grizzly bears. Holding other covariates constant, mortality was highest for bears that were subjected to repeated management actions and inhabited areas with high road densities outside Yellowstone National Park. Hazard models developed with covariates descriptive of foraging habitats were not the most parsimonious, but they suggested that high-elevation areas offered lower risks of mortality when compared to agricultural areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0966:MSAOTA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.J., Boyce, M.S., Schwartz, C.C., and Haroldson, M.A., 2004, Modeling survival: application of the Andersen-Gill model to Yellowstone grizzly bears: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 4, p. 966-978, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0966:MSAOTA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"966","endPage":"978","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2193/0022-541X%282004%29068%5B0966:MSAOTA%5D2.0.CO;2/abstract"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695ed9e4b08895842a1c8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Christopher J. cjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Christopher","email":"cjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyce, Mark S.","contributorId":113205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyce","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70160041,"text":"70160041 - 2004 - What limits the Serengeti zebra population?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-09T13:53:26","indexId":"70160041","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-15T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What limits the Serengeti zebra population?","docAbstract":"<p>The populations of the ecologically dominant ungulates in the Serengeti ecosystem (zebra, wildebeest and buffalo) have shown markedly different trends since the 1960s: the two ruminants both irrupted after the elimination of rinderpest in 1960, while the zebras have remained stable. The ruminants are resource limited (though parts of the buffalo population have been limited by poaching since the 1980s). The zebras' resource acquisition tactics should allow them to outcompete the ruminants, but their greater spatial dispersion makes them more available to predators, and it has been suggested that this population is limited by predation. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the population dynamics of Serengeti zebra, we compared population dynamics among the three species using demographic models based on age-class-specific survival and fecundity. The only major difference between zebra and the two ruminants occurred in the first-year survival. We show that wildebeest have a higher reproductive potential than zebra (younger age at first breeding and shorter generation time). Nevertheless, these differences in reproduction cannot account for the observed differences in the population trends between the zebra and the ruminants. On the other hand, among-species differences in first-year survival are great enough to account for the constancy of zebra population size. We conclude that the very low first-year survival of zebra limits this population. We provide new data on predation in the Serengeti and show that, as in other ecosystems, predation rates on zebras are high, so predation could hold the population in a \"predator pit\". However, lion and hyena feed principally on adult zebras, and further work is required to discover the process involved in the high mortality of foals.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-004-1567-6","usgsCitation":"Grange, S., Duncan, P., Gaillard, J., Sinclair, A.R., Gogan, P.J., Packer, C., Hofer, H., and Marion, E., 2004, What limits the Serengeti zebra population?: Oecologia, v. 140, no. 3, p. 523-532, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1567-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"532","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer-journals/what-limits-the-serengeti-zebra-population-otBkDq5hIt"}],"country":"Kenya, Tanzania","otherGeospatial":"Serengeti","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[40.993,-0.85829],[41.58513,-1.68325],[40.88477,-2.08255],[40.63785,-2.49979],[40.26304,-2.57309],[40.12119,-3.27768],[39.80006,-3.68116],[39.60489,-4.34653],[39.20222,-4.67677],[38.74054,-5.90895],[38.79977,-6.47566],[39.44,-6.84],[39.47,-7.1],[39.19469,-7.7039],[39.25203,-8.00781],[39.18652,-8.48551],[39.53574,-9.11237],[39.9496,-10.0984],[40.31659,-10.3171],[39.521,-10.89688],[38.42756,-11.2852],[37.82764,-11.26879],[37.47129,-11.56876],[36.77515,-11.59454],[36.51408,-11.72094],[35.3124,-11.43915],[34.55999,-11.52002],[34.28,-10.16],[33.94084,-9.69367],[33.73972,-9.41715],[32.75938,-9.2306],[32.19186,-8.93036],[31.55635,-8.76205],[31.15775,-8.59458],[30.74,-8.34],[30.2,-7.08],[29.62,-6.52],[29.41999,-5.94],[29.51999,-5.41998],[29.34,-4.49998],[29.75351,-4.45239],[30.11632,-4.09012],[30.50554,-3.56858],[30.75224,-3.35931],[30.74301,-3.03431],[30.52766,-2.80762],[30.46967,-2.41383],[30.75831,-2.28725],[30.81613,-1.69891],[30.4191,-1.13466],[30.76986,-1.01455],[31.86617,-1.02736],[33.90371,-0.95],[33.89357,0.10981],[34.18,0.515],[34.6721,1.17694],[35.03599,1.90584],[34.59607,3.05374],[34.47913,3.5556],[34.005,4.24988],[34.6202,4.84712],[35.29801,5.506],[35.81745,5.33823],[35.81745,4.77697],[36.15908,4.44786],[36.85509,4.44786],[38.12091,3.59861],[38.43697,3.58851],[38.67114,3.61607],[38.89251,3.50074],[39.55938,3.42206],[39.85494,3.83879],[40.76848,4.25702],[41.1718,3.91909],[41.85508,3.91891],[40.98105,2.78452],[40.993,-0.85829]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kenya\"}}]}","volume":"140","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56695eebe4b08895842a1ca1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grange, Sophie","contributorId":150444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grange","given":"Sophie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncan, Patrick","contributorId":150445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duncan","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaillard, Jean-Michel","contributorId":150446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaillard","given":"Jean-Michel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sinclair, Anthony R.E.","contributorId":150447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinclair","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gogan, Peter J. 0000-0002-7821-133X peter_gogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-133X","contributorId":1771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"Peter","email":"peter_gogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Packer, Craig","contributorId":78592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packer","given":"Craig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hofer, Heribert","contributorId":150448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofer","given":"Heribert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marion, East","contributorId":150449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marion","given":"East","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70121218,"text":"70121218 - 2004 - Late Quaternary evolution of channel and lobe complexes of Monterey Fan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T09:10:27","indexId":"70121218","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-20T08:58:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary evolution of channel and lobe complexes of Monterey Fan","docAbstract":"The modern Monterey submarine fan, one of the largest deep-water deposits off the western US, is composed of two major turbidite systems: the Neogene Lower Turbidite System (LTS) and the late Quarternary Upper Turbidite System (UTS).  The areally extensive LTS is a distal deposit with low-relief, poorly defined channels, overbank, and lower-fan elements.  The younger UTS comprises almost half of the total fan volume and was initiated in the late Pleistocene from canyons in the Monterey Bay area.  Rapidly prograding high-relief, channel-levee complexes dominated deposition early in the UTS with periodic avulsion events.  In the last few 100 ka, much of the sediment bypassed the northern fan as a result of allocyclic controls, and deposition is simultaneously occuring on a sandy lobe with low-relief channels and on an adjacent detached muddier lobe built from reconfinement of overbank flow from the northern high-relief channels.  During the relatively short-lived UTS deposition, at least seven different channel types and two lobe types were formed.  This study provides a significant reinterpretation of the depositional history of  Monterey Fan by incorporating all available unpublished geophysical data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2004.03.001","usgsCitation":"Fildani, A., and Normark, W.R., 2004, Late Quaternary evolution of channel and lobe complexes of Monterey Fan: Marine Geology, v. 206, no. 1-4, p. 199-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.03.001.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"223","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292595,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.03.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Fan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.0,34.0 ], [ -127.0,36.0 ], [ -123.0,36.0 ], [ -123.0,34.0 ], [ -127.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"206","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b656e4b09d12e0e8e6f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fildani, Andrea","contributorId":45993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fildani","given":"Andrea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70120955,"text":"70120955 - 2004 - Holocene reef accretion: southwest Molokai, Hawaii, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T16:23:26","indexId":"70120955","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-18T16:14:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene reef accretion: southwest Molokai, Hawaii, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Two reef systems off south Molokai, Hale O Lono and Hikauhi (separated by only 10 km), show strong and fundamental differences in modern ecosystem structure and Holocene accretion history that reflect the influence of wave-induced near-bed shear stresses on reef development in Hawaii. Both sites are exposed to similar impacts from south, Kona, and trade-wind swell. However, the Hale O Lono site is exposed to north swell and the Hikuahi site is not. As a result, the reef at Hale O Lono records no late Holocene net accretion while the reef at Hikauhi records consistent and robust accretion over late Holocene time.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Analysis and dating of 24 cores from Hale O Lono and Hikauhi reveal the presence of five major lithofacies that reflect paleo-environmental conditions. In order of decreasing depositional energy they are: (1) coral-algal bindstone; (2) mixed skeletal rudstone; (3) massive coral framestone; (4) unconsolidated floatstone; and (5) branching coral framestone-bafflestone. At Hale O Lono, 10 cores document a backstepping reef ranging from ∼ 8,100 cal yr BP (offshore) to ∼ 4,800 cal yr BP (nearshore). A depauperate community of modern coral diminishes shoreward and seaward of ∼ 15 m depth due to wave energy, disrupted recruitment activities, and physical abrasion. Evidence suggests a change from conditions conducive to accretion during the early Holocene to conditions detrimental to accretion in the late Holocene.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Reef structure at Hikauhi, reconstructed from 14 cores, reveals a thick, rapidly accreting and young reef (maximum age ∼ 900 cal yr BP). Living coral cover on this reef increases seaward with distance from the reef crest but terminates at a depth of ∼ 20 m where the reef ends in a large sand field. The primary limitation on vertical reef growth is accommodation space under wave base, not recruitment activities or energy conditions.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Interpretations of cored lithofacies suggest that modern reef growth on the southwest corner of Molokai, and by extension across Hawaii in general, is controlled by wave-induced near-bed shear stress related to refracted North Pacific swell. Holocene accretion patterns here also reflect the long-term influence of wave-induced near-bed shear stress from north swell during late Holocene time. This finding is consistent with other studies (e.g., Grigg 1998; Cabioch et al. 1999) that reflect the dominance of swell energy and sea level in controlling modern and late Holocene accretion elsewhere in Hawaii and across the Pacific and Indian oceans. Notably, however, this result is refined and clarified for Hawaii in the hypothesis of Rooney et al. (2003) stating that enhancement of the El Niño Southern Oscillation beginning approximately 5000 years ago led to increased north swell energy and signaled the end to net accretion along exposed coastlines in Hawaii. The exposure of Hale O Lono to north swell and the age of sea floor there (ca. 4,800 cal yr BP), coupled with the lack of north swell incidence at Hikauhi and the continuous accretion that has occurred there over the last millennium, strongly supports the ENSO reef hypothesis as outlined by Rooney et al. (2003). Other factors controlling Holocene reef accretion at the study site are relative sea-level position and rate of rise, and wave sheltering by Laau Point. Habitat suitable for reef accretion on the southwest shore of Molokai has shrunk throughout the Holocene.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/073003740255","usgsCitation":"Engels, M.S., Fletcher, C.H., Field, M.E., Storlazzi, C., Grossman, E., Rooney, J.J., Conger, C.L., and Glenn, C., 2004, Holocene reef accretion: southwest Molokai, Hawaii, U.S.A.: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 74, no. 2, p. 255-269, https://doi.org/10.1306/073003740255.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"269","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292482,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292481,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/073003740255"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157.310619,21.046211 ], [ -157.310619,21.223832 ], [ -156.709675,21.223832 ], [ -156.709675,21.046211 ], [ -157.310619,21.046211 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f3134be4b0094694f9d850","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engels, Mary S.","contributorId":79813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engels","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Charles H. III","contributorId":30300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grossman, Eric E.","contributorId":40677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Eric E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rooney, John J.B.","contributorId":93403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rooney","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conger, Christopher L.","contributorId":41352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Glenn, Craig","contributorId":46020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Craig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70039142,"text":"70039142 - 2004 - The Colorado Plateau: cultural, biological, and physical research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T14:22:18","indexId":"70039142","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T20:55:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"The Colorado Plateau: cultural, biological, and physical research","docAbstract":"Stretching from the four corners of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah, the Colorado Plateau is a natural laboratory for a wide range of studies. This volume presents 23 original articles drawn from more than 100 research projects presented at the Sixth Biennial Conference of Research on the Colorado Plateau. This scientific gathering revolved around research, inventory, and monitoring of lands in the region. The book's contents cover management techniques for cultural, biological, and physical resources, representing collaborative efforts among federal, university, and private sector scientists and land managers. Chapters on cultural concerns cover benchmarks of modern southwestern anthropological knowledge, models of past human activity and impact of modern visitation at newly established national monuments, challenges in implementing the 1964 Wilderness Act, and opportunities for increased federal research on Native American lands. The section on biological resources comprises sixteen chapters, with coverage that ranges from mammalian biogeography to responses of elk at the urban-wildland interface. Additional biological studies include the effects of fire and grazing on vegetation; research on bald eagles at Grand Canyon and tracking wild turkeys using radio collars; and management of palentological resources. Two final chapters on physical resources consider a proposed rerouting of the Rio de Flag River in urban Flagstaff, Arizona, and an examination of past climate patterns over the Plateau, using stream flow records and tree ring data. In light of similarities in habitat and climate across the Colorado Plateau, techniques useful to particular management units have been found to be applicable in many locations. This volume highlights an abundance of research that will prove useful for all of those working in the region, as well as for others seeking comparative studies that integrate research into land management actions.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona Press","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","usgsCitation":"Cole, K.L., 2004, The Colorado Plateau: cultural, biological, and physical research, 279 p. : ill., maps ; 27 cm.","productDescription":"279 p. : ill., maps ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259043,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.uapress.arizona.edu/Books/bid1540.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah;Colorado;Arizona;New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6d9e4b08c986b3212be","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":509031,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Kenneth L.","contributorId":48533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006931,"text":"70006931 - 2004 - Overview: Cross-habitat flux of nutrients and detritus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-21T14:55:43","indexId":"70006931","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Overview: Cross-habitat flux of nutrients and detritus","docAbstract":"Ecologists have long known that all ecosystems receive considerable quantities of materials from outside their boundaries (e.g., Elton 1927), and quantifying the magnitude of such fluxes has long been a central tenet of ecosystem ecology (e.g., Odum 1971). Thus, one might think that the consequences of such fluxes for food webs would be well understood. However, food webs have traditionally been viewed as if they were isolated from surrounding habitats, a habit that has been particularly persistent in the modeling of food webs. When fluxes from the outside have been considered, they have largely been restricted to constant inputs directly affecting the base of the food web (e.g., solar energy or nutrients), and usually only such issues as their effects on equilibrium conditions have been considered (e.g., the well-known relationships between nutrient inputs and average densities of various food web members).","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Food Webs at the Landscape Level","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Vanni, M., DeAngelis, D., Schindler, D., and Huxel, G., 2004, Overview: Cross-habitat flux of nutrients and detritus, chap. <i>of</i> Food Webs at the Landscape Level, p. 3-11.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50ae0604e4b03b26ec4d383c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Polis, G.A.","contributorId":113804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polis","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508407,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, M.E.","contributorId":103994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508406,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huxel, G.R.","contributorId":35207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huxel","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508405,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Vanni, M.J.","contributorId":26061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanni","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schindler, D.E.","contributorId":20946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huxel, G.R.","contributorId":35207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huxel","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70209172,"text":"70209172 - 2004 - International heat flow commission celebrates 40 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-20T09:50:27","indexId":"70209172","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-20T09:43:57","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"International heat flow commission celebrates 40 years","docAbstract":"<p>The outflow of heat from the Earth's interior is, in terms of energy, the most impressive terrestrial phenomenon. Its present rate of about 1021 joules per year is order‐of‐magnitudes greater than the energy dissipation of earthquakes or heat loss from volcanic eruptions. The study of the Earth's internal heat plays an important role in understanding the Earth's origin, internal constitution, and plate tectonics.</p><p>The thermal structure of the Earth, generally referred to as the geothermics, or also as the (terrestrial) heat flow, has been studied for a long time. However, modern geothermics, one of the fundamental geophysical disciplines, is relatively young. The International Heat Flow Commission (IHFC), under which the academic geothermal research on the international scale is organized, was created only in 1963. The IHFC, operating under the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI), covers a broad scope of geophysical studies, and links the activities of other associations of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2004EO020002","usgsCitation":"Cermak, V., and Lee, W., 2004, International heat flow commission celebrates 40 years: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 85, no. 2, p. 13-19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004EO020002.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004eo020002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":373409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cermak, Vladimir","contributorId":223494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cermak","given":"Vladimir","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224404,"text":"5224404 - 2004 - Evaluating mallard adaptive management models with time series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T17:54:36.595337","indexId":"5224404","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating mallard adaptive management models with time series","docAbstract":"<p>Wildlife practitioners concerned with midcontinent mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) management in the United States have instituted a system of adaptive harvest management (AHM) as an objective format for setting harvest regulations. Under the AHM paradigm, predictions from a set of models that reflect key uncertainties about processes underlying population dynamics are used in coordination with optimization software to determine an optimal set of harvest decisions. Managers use comparisons of the predictive abilities of these models to gauge the relative truth of different hypotheses about density-dependent recruitment and survival, with better-predicting models giving more weight to the determination of harvest regulations. We tested the effectiveness of this strategy by examining convergence rates of 'predictor' models when the true model for population dynamics was known a priori. We generated time series for cases when the a priori model was 1 of the predictor models as well as for several cases when the a priori model was not in the model set. We further examined the addition of different levels of uncertainty into the variance structure of predictor models, reflecting different levels of confidence about estimated parameters. We showed that in certain situations, the model-selection process favors a predictor model that incorporates the hypotheses of additive harvest mortality and weakly density-dependent recruitment, even when the model is not used to generate data. Higher levels of predictor model variance led to decreased rates of convergence to the model that generated the data, but model weight trajectories were in general more stable. We suggest that predictive models should incorporate all sources of uncertainty about estimated parameters, that the variance structure should be similar for all predictor models, and that models with different functional forms for population dynamics should be considered for inclusion in predictor model sets. All of these suggestions should help lower the probability of erroneous learning in mallard ABM and adaptive management in general.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[1065:EMAMMW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Conn, P., and Kendall, W., 2004, Evaluating mallard adaptive management models with time series: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 4, p. 1065-1081, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[1065:EMAMMW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1065","endPage":"1081","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb052","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conn, P.B.","contributorId":73974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224396,"text":"5224396 - 2004 - Designation of the type species of Musaraneus Pomel, 1848 (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5224396","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Designation of the type species of Musaraneus Pomel, 1848 (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae)","docAbstract":"The genus name Musaraneus often is attributed to Brisson (1762), however, most of Brisson's names are unavailable.  Pomel (1848) subsequently made the name Musaraneus available, but did not designate a type species.  The 18 species that Pomel listed under Musaraneus currently are distributed among five modern genera, two of which (Cryptotis Pomel, 1848 and Diplomesodon Brandt, 1852) are predated by Musaraneus.  Because Cryptotis and Diplomesodon potentially could be considered junior synonyms of Musaraneus, I propose Sorex leucodon Hermann, 1780 (= Crocidura leucodon) as the type species for Musaraneus, thereby establishing Musaraneus as a junior synonym of Crocidura Wagler, 1832.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6271_Woodman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., 2004, Designation of the type species of Musaraneus Pomel, 1848 (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae): Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 117, no. 3, p. 266-270.","productDescription":"266-270","startPage":"266","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667d60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, N. 0000-0003-2689-7373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":104176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224387,"text":"5224387 - 2004 - Summer diet of the Peregrine Falcon in faunistically rich and poor zones of Arizona analyzed with capture-recapture modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-02T16:00:08.489687","indexId":"5224387","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer diet of the Peregrine Falcon in faunistically rich and poor zones of Arizona analyzed with capture-recapture modeling","docAbstract":"<p>We collected prey remains from 25 Peregrine Falcon (<i>Falco peregrinus</i>) territories across Arizona from 1977 to 1988 yielding 58 eyrie-years of data. Along with 793 individual birds (107 species and six additional genera), we found seven mammals and nine insects. In addition, two nestling peregrines were consumed. We found a larger dependence upon White-throated Swifts (<i>Aeronautes saxatalis</i>) and birds on migration in northern Arizona, while in southeastern and central Arizona average prey mass was greater and columbiforms formed the largest dietary component. In northern, central, and southeastern Arizona, 74, 66, and 56 avian prey taxa, respectively, were recorded. We used capture-recapture modeling to estimate totals of <span>111 ± 9.5, 113 ± 10.5, and 86 ± 7.9</span> (SE) avian taxa taken in these same three areas. These values are counterintuitive inasmuch as the southeast has the richest avifauna. For the entire study area, <span>156 ± 9.3</span> avian taxa were estimated to be taken by peregrines.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/106.4.873","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., Ellis, C.H., Sabo, B., Rea, A., Dawson, J., Fackler, J., LaRue, C., Grubb, T., Schmitt, J., Smith, D., and Kery, M., 2004, Summer diet of the Peregrine Falcon in faunistically rich and poor zones of Arizona analyzed with capture-recapture modeling: Condor, v. 106, no. 4, p. 873-886, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.4.873.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"873","endPage":"886","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.4.873","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":5224391,"text":"5224391 - 2004 - Nest-site selection and hatching success of waterbirds in coastal Virginia: Some results of habitat manipulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-02T12:05:50.013878","indexId":"5224391","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest-site selection and hatching success of waterbirds in coastal Virginia: Some results of habitat manipulation","docAbstract":"<p>Rising sea levels in the mid-Atlantic region pose a long-term threat to marshes and their avian inhabitants. The Gull-billed Tern (<i>Sterna nilotica</i>), Common Tern (<i>S</i>. <i>hirundo</i>), Black Skimmer (<i>Rynchops niger</i>), and American Oystercatcher (<i>Haematopus palliatus</i>), species of concern in Virginia, nest on low shelly perimeters of salt marsh islands on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Marsh shellpiles are free of mammalian predators, but subject to frequent floods that reduce reproductive success. In an attempt to examine nest-site selection, enhance habitat, and improve hatching success, small (<span>2 × 2 m</span>) plots on five island shellpiles were experimentally elevated, and nest-site selection and hatching success were monitored from 1 May to 1 August, 2002. In addition, location, elevation, and nesting performance of all other nests in the colonies were also monitored. No species selected the elevated experimental plots preferentially over adjacent control plots at any of the sites. When all nests were considered, Common Tern nests were located significantly lower than were random point elevations at two sites, as they tended to concentrate on low-lying wrack. At two other sites, however, Common Tern nests were significantly higher than were random points. Gull-billed Terns and American Oystercatchers showed a weak preference for higher elevations on bare shell at most sites. Hatching success was not improved on elevated plots, despite the protection they provided from flooding. Because of a 7 June flood, when 47% of all nests flooded, hatching success for all species was low. Nest elevation had the strongest impact on a nest's probability of hatching, followed by nest-initiation date. Predation rates were high at small colonies, and Ruddy Turnstones (<i>Arenaria interpres</i>) depredated 90% of early Gull-billed Tern nests at one shellpile. The importance of nest elevation and flooding on hatching success demonstrates the potential for management of certain waterbird nesting sites. Facing threats from predators on barrier islands and rising sea levels especially in the mid-Atlantic region, several species of nesting waterbirds may benefit dramatically with modest manipulation of even small habitat patches on isolated marsh islands.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-75.4.317","usgsCitation":"Rounds, R., Erwin, R., and Porter, J., 2004, Nest-site selection and hatching success of waterbirds in coastal Virginia: Some results of habitat manipulation: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 75, no. 4, p. 317-329, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-75.4.317.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"329","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.761474609375,\n              38.74551518488265\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.14599609375,\n              38.59970036588819\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.442626953125,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.113037109375,\n              36.53612263184686\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.35522460937499,\n              36.61552763134925\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.256103515625,\n              38.35027253825765\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.761474609375,\n              38.74551518488265\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697c9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rounds, R.A.","contributorId":69274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, J.H.","contributorId":53921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224428,"text":"5224428 - 2004 - Demographic estimation methods for plants with dormancy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:43:05","indexId":"5224428","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":771,"text":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic estimation methods for plants with dormancy","docAbstract":"<p><span>Demographic studies in plants appear simple because unlike animals, plants do not run away. Plant individuals can be marked with, e.g., plastic tags, but often the coordinates of an individual may be sufficient to identify it. Vascular plants in temperate latitudes have a pronounced seasonal life–cycle, so most plant demographers survey their study plots once a year often during or shortly after flowering. Life–states are pervasive in plants, hence the results of a demographic study for an individual can be summarized in a familiar encounter history, such as 0VFVVF000. A zero means that an individual was not seen in a year and a letter denotes its state for years when it was seen aboveground. V and F here stand for vegetative and flowering states, respectively. Probabilities of survival and state transitions can then be obtained by mere counting.</span><br><span>Problems arise when there is an unobservable dormant state, i.e., when plants may stay belowground for one or more growing seasons. Encounter histories such as 0VF00F000 may then occur where the meaning of zeroes becomes ambiguous. A zero can either mean a dead or a dormant plant. Various ad hoc methods in wide use among plant ecologists have made strong assumptions about when a zero should be equated to a dormant individual. These methods have never been compared among each other. In our talk and in Kéry et al. (submitted), we show that these ad hoc estimators provide spurious estimates of survival and should not be used.</span><br><span></span></p><p><span>In contrast, if detection probabilities for aboveground plants are known or can be estimated, capturerecapture (CR) models can be used to estimate probabilities of survival and state–transitions and the fraction of the population that is dormant. We have used this approach in two studies of terrestrial orchids, </span><i>Cleistes bifaria</i><span> (Kéry et al., submitted) and </span><i>Cypripedium reginae</i><span>(Kéry &amp; Gregg, submitted) in West Virginia, U.S.A. For Cleistes, our data comprised one population with a total of 620 marked ramets over 10 years, and for </span><i>Cypripedium</i><span>, two populations with 98 and 258 marked ramets over 11 years. We chose the ramet (= single stem or shoot) as the demographic unit of our study since there was no way distinguishing among genets (genet = genetical individual, i.e., the “individual” that animal ecologists are mostly concerned with). This will introduce some non–independence into the data, which can nevertheless be dealt with easily by correcting variances for overdispersion. Using ramets instead of genets has the further advantage that individuals can be assigned to a state such as flowering or vegetative in an unambiguous manner. This is not possible when genets are the demographic units. In all three populations, auxiliary data was available to show that detection probability of aboveground plants was m 0.995</span><br><span></span></p><p><span>We fitted multistate models in program MARK by specifying three states (D, V, F), even though the dormant state D does not occur in the encounter histories. Detection probability is fixed at 1 for the vegetative (V) and the flowering state (F) and at zero for the dormant state (D). Rates of survival and of state transitions as well as slopes of covariate relationships can be estimated and LRT or the AIC machinery be used to select among models. To estimate the fraction of the population in the unobservable</span><br><span>dormant state, the encounter histories are collapsed to 0 (plant not observed aboveground) and 1 (plant observed aboveground). The Cormack–Jolly–Seber model without constraints on detection probability is used to estimate detection probability, the complement of which is the estimated fraction of the population in the dormant state.</span><br><span>Parameter identifiability is an important issue in multi state models. We used the Catchpole–Morgan–Freeman approach to determine which parameters are estimable in principle in our multi state models. Most of 15 tested models were indeed estimable with the notable exception of the most general model, which has fully interactive state- and time-dependent survival and state transition rates. This model would become identifiable if at least some plants would be excavated in years when they do not show up aboveground.</span><br><span></span></p><p><span>Our analyses for three analyzed populations of Cleistes and Cypripedium yielded annual ramet survival rates ranging from 0.86–0.96. Estimates of the average fraction dormant ranged from 0.02–0.30, but with up to half a population in the dormant state in some years. Ultrastructural modeling enables interesting hypotheses to be tested about the relationships of demographic rates with climatic covariates for instance. Such covariate modeling makes the CR approach particularly interesting for evolutionary–ecological questions about, e.g., the adaptive significance of the dormant state.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., and Gregg, K., 2004, Demographic estimation methods for plants with dormancy: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 27, no. 1, p. 129-131.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://abc.museucienciesjournals.cat/volum-27-1-2004-abc/demographic-estimation-methods-for-plants-with-dormancy/?lang=en"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f7541","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregg, K.B.","contributorId":34224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224427,"text":"5224427 - 2004 - Coping with unobservable and mis-classified states in capture-recapture studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:52:02","indexId":"5224427","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":771,"text":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coping with unobservable and mis-classified states in capture-recapture studies","docAbstract":"Multistate mark-recapture methods provide an excellent conceptual framework for considering estimation in studies of marked animals.  Traditional methods include the assumptions that (1) each state an animal occupies is observable, and (2) state is assigned correctly at each point in time.  Failure of either of these assumptions can lead to biased estimates of demographic parameters.  I review design and analysis options for minimizing or eliminating these biases.  Unobservable states can be adjusted for by including them in the state space of the statistical model, with zero capture probability, and incorporating the robust design, or observing animals in the unobservable state through telemetry, tag recoveries, or incidental observations.  Mis-classification can be adjusted for by auxiliary data or incorporating the robust design, in order to estimate the probability of detecting the state an animal occupies.  For both unobservable and mis-classified states, the key feature of the robust design is the assumption that the state of the animal is static for at least two sampling occasions.","language":"English","publisher":"Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W., 2004, Coping with unobservable and mis-classified states in capture-recapture studies: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 27, no. 1, p. 97-107.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17605,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://abc.museucienciesjournals.cat/volum-27-1-2004-abc/coping-with-unobservable-and-mis-classified-states-in-capture-recapture-studies/?lang=en","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6848af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224352,"text":"5224352 - 2004 - Influence of weather extremes on the water levels of glaciated prairie wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224352","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of weather extremes on the water levels of glaciated prairie wetlands","docAbstract":"Orchid Meadows is a long-term wetland research and monitoring site on the Coteau des Prairie in extreme east-central South Dakota, USA.  It is a 65-ha Waterfowl Production Area with numerous temporary, seasonal, and semi-permanent wetlands.  Ground water and surface water have been monitored at the site from 1987 to 1989 and from 1993 to the present.  Vegetation has been monitored since 1993.  The monitoring record includes two nearly back-to-back weather extremes: a drought in the late 1980s and a deluge in the early- to mid-1990s.  Wetlands differed sharply in water levels between 3-yr dry and wet periods.  For example, the time of inundation ranged among semi-permanent wetlands from 13 to 71 percent during the dry years to 100 percent during the wet years, while for seasonal wetlands, it was 0-29 percent and 46-100 percent, respectively, during dry and wet periods.  Temporary wetlands had no surface water during the dry period but had standing water 0-67 percent of the time during the deluge years.  The highest ground-water levels during the dry period were lower than most levels during the wet period.  The difference in the water-table elevations of temporary wetlands between the periods was as much as 4 m.  Ground-water levels near semi-permanent wetlands were considerably more stable (annual range of 0.3-1.6 m) than those near temporary wetlands (1.3-2.5 m).  The results support the concept that weather extremes drive the wetland cover cycle and other key ecological processes in prairie wetlands.  The new data from Orchid Meadows, together with other long-term data sets from North Dakota and Saskatchewan, Canada, are useful for many research purposes, including the parameterization and testing of models that simulate the effects of climate variability and climate change on prairie wetland ecosystems. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6220_Johnson.pdf","usgsCitation":"Johnson, W., Boettcher, S., Poiani, K., and Guntenspergen, G., 2004, Influence of weather extremes on the water levels of glaciated prairie wetlands: Wetlands, v. 24, no. 2, p. 385-398.","productDescription":"385-398","startPage":"385","endPage":"398","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17541,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1672%2F0277-5212%282004%29024%5B0385%3AIOWEOT%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, W.C.","contributorId":68003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boettcher, S.E.","contributorId":53919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boettcher","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poiani, K.A.","contributorId":52690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poiani","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.","contributorId":88305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224358,"text":"5224358 - 2004 - Movement behavior, dispersal, and the potential for localized management of deer in a suburban environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-04T17:43:26.046779","indexId":"5224358","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement behavior, dispersal, and the potential for localized management of deer in a suburban environment","docAbstract":"<p>We examined the potential for localized management of white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) to be successful by measuring movements, testing site fidelity, and modeling the effects of dispersal. Fifty-nine females were radiomarked and tracked during 1997 through 2000 in Irondequoit, New York, USA, a suburb of Rochester. We constructed home ranges for those deer with A greater than or equal to 18 reclocations/season. Fifty percent minimum convex polygons (MCP) averaged 3.9 (SE = 0.53) ha in the summer and 5.3 (SE = 0.80) ha in the winter. Deer showed strong fidelity to both summer and winter home ranges, and 30 of 31 females showed overlap of summer and winter home ranges. Annual survival was 64%; the major cause of mortality was deer-automobile collisions. Average annual dispersal rates were &lt;15% for yearlings and adults. Using matrix population modeling, we explored the role of female dispersal in sustaining different management objectives in adjacent locales of approximately 1,000 ha. Modeling showed that if female dispersal was 8%, culling would have to reduce annual survival to 58% to maintain a population just under ecological carrying capacity and reduce survival to 42% to keel) the population at one-half carrying capacity. With the same dispersal, contraception Would need to be effective in 32% of females if the population is near carrying capacity and 68% if the population is at one-half of carrying capacity. Movement behavior data and modeling results lend support to the use of a localized approach to management of females that emphasizes neighborhood-scale manipulation of deer populations, but our research suggests that dispersal rates in females could be critical to long-term success.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0247:MBDATP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Porter, W., Underwood, H., and Woodard, J., 2004, Movement behavior, dispersal, and the potential for localized management of deer in a suburban environment: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 68, no. 2, p. 247-256, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0247:MBDATP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"256","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Monroe County","city":"Irondequoit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.60467529296875,\n              43.206176810164784\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5360107421875,\n              43.206176810164784\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5360107421875,\n              43.248203680382346\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.60467529296875,\n              43.248203680382346\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.60467529296875,\n              43.206176810164784\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, W.F.","contributorId":81597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Underwood, H.B. 0000-0002-2064-9128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9128","contributorId":90849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"H.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodard, J.L.","contributorId":36263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodard","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224360,"text":"5224360 - 2004 - How we can learn more about the Cerulean Warbler (<i>Dendroica cerulea</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:53:32","indexId":"5224360","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How we can learn more about the Cerulean Warbler (<i>Dendroica cerulea</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>A sense of urgency attends the study of species of concern, like the Cerulean Warbler (<i>Dendroica</i> <i>cerulea</i>). Sharpened by Robbins et al. (1992) and Hamel (1992), such concern prompted the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to commission a status assessment of the Cerulean Warbler (Hamel 2000a). Shortly after the status review was published, a petition (Ruley 2000) was delivered to the USFWS urging that the species be listed as “threatened” under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. The account of the Cerulean Warbler in the Birds of North America series also appeared that year (Hamel 2000b). Substantial attention is currently focused on the species, and the Cerulean Warbler Technical Group (CWTG) was formed in 2002 (see Appendix).</p><p>This overview consists of two parts. The first, prepared primarily by P.B.H., attempts to summarize current knowledge and suggest productive avenues to pursue in our efforts to understand the biology and conserve populations of Cerulean Warblers. The second, written by D.K.D. and P.D.K., is a summary of the structure and priorities of the CWTG, an organization that can spur and facilitate research and conservation action directed at this species and serve as a model for conservation of other forest birds (Appendix). Further information on Cerulean Warblers and activities of the Cerulean Warbler Technical Group can be found on the CWTG website (see Acknowledgments).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0007:HWCLMA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hamel, P., Dawson, D., and Keyser, P., 2004, How we can learn more about the Cerulean Warbler (<i>Dendroica cerulea</i>): The Auk, v. 121, no. 1, p. 7-14, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0007:HWCLMA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477985,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1642/0004-8038%282004%29121%5B0007%3AHWCLMA%5D2.0.CO%3B2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":196478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62be24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamel, P.B.","contributorId":88444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamel","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keyser, P.D.","contributorId":20857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keyser","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224346,"text":"5224346 - 2004 - Effects of rearing treatment on the behavior of captive whooping cranes (Grus americana)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224346","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":827,"text":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of rearing treatment on the behavior of captive whooping cranes (Grus americana)","docAbstract":"Small founder populations of whooping cranes are managed to maximize egg production for the purpose of reintroducing young to the wild.  This results in an excessive number of hatched chicks that cannot be naturally reared by parents. Hand-rearing techniques have been developed to raise the additional hatches.  However, hand rearing may affect the behavior of the birds and their chances of survival later in life.  The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of rearing practices on the behavior of whooping crane chicks.  The birds were reared under three commonly used rearing techniques: parent reared (PR), hand reared (HR), and hand reared with exercise (HRE).  Fifty-six whooping crane chicks were observed by focal animal sampling from hatch to 20 weeks of age.  During these observations, occurrences of comfort behavior, aggression, foraging, nonvigilance, sleep, vigilance, and other types of behavior were collected.  Data were analyzed using mixed models repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).  Behavior was affected by rearing treatment, age, and time of day.  PR birds spent more time being vigilant than HR and HRE birds.  An inverse correlation was found between percentage of time foraging and vigilant (r = -0.686, P < 0.0001). However, there were no differences in the behavior of birds reared in HR or HRE programs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2004.07.005","collaboration":"6214_Kreger.pdf","usgsCitation":"Kreger, M., Estevez, I., Hatfield, J., and Gee, G., 2004, Effects of rearing treatment on the behavior of captive whooping cranes (Grus americana): Applied Animal Behaviour Science, v. 89, no. 3-4, p. 243-261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.07.005.","productDescription":"243-261","startPage":"243","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17536,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.07.005","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"89","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611984","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreger, M.D.","contributorId":25664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreger","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estevez, I.","contributorId":98417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estevez","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224343,"text":"5224343 - 2004 - On the estimation of dispersal and movement of birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-02T16:19:51.330679","indexId":"5224343","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the estimation of dispersal and movement of birds","docAbstract":"The estimation of dispersal and movement is important to evolutionary and population ecologists, as well as to wildlife managers.  We review statistical methodology available to estimate movement probabilities.  We begin with cases where individual birds can be marked and their movements estimated with the use of multisite capture-recapture methods.  Movements can be monitored either directly, using telemetry, or by accounting for detection probability when conventional marks are used.  When one or more sites are unobservable, telemetry, band recoveries, incidental observations, a closed- or open-population robust design, or partial determinism in movements can be used to estimate movement.  When individuals cannot be marked, presence-absence data can be used to model changes in occupancy over time, providing indirect inferences about movement.  Where abundance estimates over time are available for multiple sites, potential coupling of their dynamics can be investigated using linear cross-correlation or nonlinear dynamic tools.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/106.4.720","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W., and Nichols, J., 2004, On the estimation of dispersal and movement of birds: Condor, v. 106, no. 4, p. 720-731, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.4.720.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"720","endPage":"731","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.4.720","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":198166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}