The Florida Keys reef tract (FKRT) is the largest coral-reef ecosystem in the continental United States. The modern FKRT extends for 362 kilometers along the coast of South Florida from Dry Tortugas National Park in the southwest, through the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), to Fowey Rocks reef in Biscayne National Park in the northeast. Most reefs along the FKRT are sheltered by the exposed islands of the Florida Keys; however, large channels are located between the islands of the Middle Keys. These openings allow for tidal transport of water from Florida Bay onto reefs in the area. The characteristics of the water masses coming from Florida Bay, which can experience broad swings in temperature, salinity, nutrients, and turbidity over short periods of time, are generally unfavorable or “inimical” to coral growth and reef development.
Although reef habitats are ubiquitous throughout most of the Upper and Lower Keys, relatively few modern reefs exist in the Middle Keys most likely because of the impacts of inimical waters from Florida Bay. The reefs that are present in the Middle Keys generally are poorly developed compared with reefs elsewhere in the region. For example, Acropora palmata has been the dominant coral on shallow-water reefs in the Caribbean over the last 1.5 million years until populations of the coral declined throughout the region in recent decades. Although A. palmata was historically abundant in the Florida Keys, it was conspicuously absent from reefs in the Middle Keys. Instead, contemporary reefs in the Middle Keys have been dominated by occasional massive (that is, boulder or head) corals and, more often, small, non-reef-building corals.
Holocene reef cores have been collected from many locations along the FKRT; however, despite the potential importance of the history of reefs in the Middle Florida Keys to our understanding of the environmental controls on reef development throughout the FKRT, there are currently no published records of the Holocene history of reefs in the region. The objectives of the present study were to (1) provide general descriptions of unpublished core records from Alligator Reef and (2) collect and describe new Holocene reef cores from two additional locations in the Middle Keys: Sombrero and Tennessee Reefs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161074","usgsCitation":"Toth, L.T., Stathakopoulos, Anastasios, and Kuffner, I.B., 2016, The structure and composition of Holocene coral reefs in the Middle Florida Keys: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1074, 27 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161074.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074381","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325513,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1074/ofr20161074.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1074"},{"id":325512,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1074/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 24.58459276519208\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 25.013439812256372\n ],\n [\n -80.43365478515625,\n 25.013439812256372\n ],\n [\n -80.43365478515625,\n 24.58459276519208\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 24.58459276519208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502-8068
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
Survival of out-migrating juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River delta, California, USA, varies by migration route. Survival of salmonids that enter the interior and southern Delta can be as low as half that of salmonids that remain in the main-stem Sacramento River. Reducing entrainment into the higher-mortality routes, such as Georgiana Slough, should increase overall survival. In spring 2014, a floating fish-guidance structure (FFGS) designed to reduce entrainment into Georgiana Slough was deployed just upstream of the Georgiana Slough divergence. We used acoustic telemetry to evaluate the effect of the FFGS on Chinook entrainment to Georgiana Slough. At intermediate discharge (200–400 m3 s–1), entrainment into Georgiana Slough was five percentage points lower when the FFGS was in the on state (19.1% on; 23.9% off). At higher discharge (>400 m3 s–1), entrainment was higher when the FFGS was in the on state (19.3% on; 9.7% off), and at lower discharge (0–200 m3 s–1) entrainment was lower when the FFGS was in the on state (43.7% on; 47.3% off). We found that discharge, cross-stream fish position, time of day, and proportion of flow remaining in the Sacramento River contributed to the probability of being entrained to Georgiana Slough.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/MF15285","usgsCitation":"Romine, J.G., Perry, R.W., Pope, A.C., Stumpner, P., Liedtke, T.L., Kumagai, K.K., and Reeves, R., 2016, Evaluation of a floating fish guidance structure at a hydrodynamically complex river junction in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA: Marine and Freshwater Research, v. 68, no. 5, p. 878-888, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15285.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"878","endPage":"888","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069658","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River delta","volume":"68","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db4de4b0589fa1c7e87d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romine, Jason G. 0000-0002-6938-1185 jromine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-1185","contributorId":2823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romine","given":"Jason","email":"jromine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pope, Adam C. 0000-0002-7253-2247 apope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-2247","contributorId":5664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Adam","email":"apope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":643499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stumpner, Paul 0000-0002-0933-7895 pstump@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-7895","contributorId":5667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpner","given":"Paul","email":"pstump@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kumagai, Kevin K.","contributorId":173161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumagai","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":27168,"text":"Hydroacoustic Technology, Inc., Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reeves, Ryan L.","contributorId":173162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"Ryan L.","affiliations":[{"id":27169,"text":"California Department of Water Resources, Bay-Delta Office, Sacramento, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70173914,"text":"70173914 - 2016 - Characterization of mean transit time at large springs in the Upper Colorado River Basin, USA: A tool for assessing groundwater discharge vulnerability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T16:26:20","indexId":"70173914","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-20T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of mean transit time at large springs in the Upper Colorado River Basin, USA: A tool for assessing groundwater discharge vulnerability","docAbstract":"Environmental tracers (noble gases, tritium, industrial gases, stable isotopes, and radio-carbon) and hydrogeology were interpreted to determine groundwater transit-time distribution and calculate mean transit time (MTT) with lumped parameter modeling at 19 large springs distributed throughout the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), USA. The predictive value of the MTT to evaluate the pattern and timing of groundwater response to hydraulic stress (i.e., vulnerability) is examined by a statistical analysis of MTT, historical spring discharge records, and the Palmer Hydrological Drought Index. MTTs of the springs range from 10 to 15,000 years and 90 % of the cumulative discharge-weighted travel-time distribution falls within the range of 2−10,000 years. Historical variability in discharge was assessed as the ratio of 10–90 % flow-exceedance (R 10/90%) and ranged from 2.8 to 1.1 for select springs with available discharge data. The lag-time (i.e., delay in discharge response to drought conditions) was determined by cross-correlation analysis and ranged from 0.5 to 6 years for the same select springs. Springs with shorter MTTs (<80 years) statistically correlate with larger discharge variations and faster responses to drought, indicating MTT can be used for estimating the relative magnitude and timing of groundwater response. Results indicate that groundwater discharge to streams in the UCRB will likely respond on the order of years to climate variation and increasing groundwater withdrawals.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrogeologists","doi":"10.1007/s10040-016-1440-9","usgsCitation":"Solder, J.E., Stolp, B.J., Heilweil, V.M., and Susong, D.D., 2016, Characterization of mean transit time at large springs in the Upper Colorado River Basin, USA: A tool for assessing groundwater discharge vulnerability: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 24, no. 8, p. 2017-2033, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1440-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2017","endPage":"2033","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075897","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","volume":"24","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42de4b006cb45552bfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solder, John E. 0000-0002-0660-3326 jsolder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0660-3326","contributorId":171916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solder","given":"John","email":"jsolder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497 bjstolp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard","email":"bjstolp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174856,"text":"70174856 - 2016 - Setting priorities for private land conservation in fire-prone landscapes: Are fire risk reduction and biodiversity conservation competing or compatible objectives?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-04T15:13:58","indexId":"70174856","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-20T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1468,"text":"Ecology and Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Setting priorities for private land conservation in fire-prone landscapes: Are fire risk reduction and biodiversity conservation competing or compatible objectives?","docAbstract":"Although wildfire plays an important role in maintaining biodiversity in many ecosystems, fire management to protect human assets is often carried out by different agencies than those tasked for conserving biodiversity. In fact, fire risk reduction and biodiversity conservation are often viewed as competing objectives. Here we explored the role of management through private land conservation and asked whether we could identify private land acquisition strategies that fulfill the mutual objectives of biodiversity conservation and fire risk reduction, or whether the maximization of one objective comes at a detriment to the other. Using a fixed budget and number of homes slated for development, we simulated 20 years of housing growth under alternative conservation selection strategies, and then projected the mean risk of fires destroying structures and the area and configuration of important habitat types in San Diego County, California, USA. We found clear differences in both fire risk projections and biodiversity impacts based on the way conservation lands are prioritized for selection, but these differences were split between two distinct groupings. If no conservation lands were purchased, or if purchases were prioritized based on cost or likelihood of development, both the projected fire risk and biodiversity impacts were much higher than if conservation lands were purchased in areas with high fire hazard or high species richness. Thus, conserving land focused on either of the two objectives resulted in nearly equivalent mutual benefits for both. These benefits not only resulted from preventing development in sensitive areas, but they were also due to the different housing patterns and arrangements that occurred as development was displaced from those areas. Although biodiversity conflicts may still arise using other fire management strategies, this study shows that mutual objectives can be attained through land-use planning in this region. These results likely generalize to any place where high species richness overlaps with hazardous wildland vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Resilience Alliance","doi":"10.5751/ES-08410-210302","usgsCitation":"Syphard, A.D., Butsic, V., Bar-Massada, A., Keeley, J.E., Tracey, J.A., and Fisher, R.N., 2016, Setting priorities for private land conservation in fire-prone landscapes: Are fire risk reduction and biodiversity conservation competing or compatible objectives?: Ecology and Society, v. 21, no. 3, Article 2; 11 p, https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08410-210302.","productDescription":"Article 2; 11 p","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071415","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/es-08410-210302","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70174821,"text":"sir20165100 - 2016 - Water-quality trends and constituent-transport analysis for selected sampling sites in the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996–2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-20T11:54:23","indexId":"sir20165100","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5100","title":"Water-quality trends and constituent-transport analysis for selected sampling sites in the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996–2015","docAbstract":"During the extended history of mining in the upper Clark Fork Basin in Montana, large amounts of waste materials enriched with metallic contaminants (cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc) and the metalloid trace element arsenic were generated from mining operations near Butte and milling and smelting operations near Anaconda. Extensive deposition of mining wastes in the Silver Bow Creek and Clark Fork channels and flood plains had substantial effects on water quality. Federal Superfund remediation activities in the upper Clark Fork Basin began in 1983 and have included substantial remediation near Butte and removal of the former Milltown Dam near Missoula. To aid in evaluating the effects of remediation activities on water quality, the U.S. Geological Survey began collecting streamflow and water-quality data in the upper Clark Fork Basin in the 1980s.
Trend analysis was done on specific conductance, selected trace elements (arsenic, copper, and zinc), and suspended sediment for seven sampling sites in the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site for water years 1996–2015. The most upstream site included in trend analysis is Silver Bow Creek at Warm Springs, Montana (sampling site 8), and the most downstream site is Clark Fork above Missoula, Montana (sampling site 22), which is just downstream from the former Milltown Dam. Water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30 and is designated by the year in which it ends. Trend analysis was done by using a joint time-series model for concentration and streamflow. To provide temporal resolution of changes in water quality, trend analysis was conducted for four sequential 5-year periods: period 1 (water years 1996–2000), period 2 (water years 2001–5), period 3 (water years 2006–10), and period 4 (water years 2011–15). Because of the substantial effect of the intentional breach of Milltown Dam on March 28, 2008, period 3 was subdivided into period 3A (October 1, 2005–March 27, 2008) and period 3B (March 28, 2008–September 30, 2010) for the Clark Fork above Missoula (sampling site 22). Trend results were considered statistically significant when the statistical probability level was less than 0.01.
In conjunction with the trend analysis, estimated normalized constituent loads (hereinafter referred to as “loads”) were calculated and presented within the framework of a constituent-transport analysis to assess the temporal trends in flow-adjusted concentrations (FACs) in the context of sources and transport. The transport analysis allows assessment of temporal changes in relative contributions from upstream source areas to loads transported past each reach outflow.
Trend results indicate that FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper decreased at the sampling sites from the start of period 1 through the end of period 4; the decreases ranged from large for one sampling site (Silver Bow Creek at Warm Springs [sampling site 8]) to moderate for two sampling sites (Clark Fork near Galen, Montana [sampling site 11] and Clark Fork above Missoula [sampling site 22]) to small for four sampling sites (Clark Fork at Deer Lodge, Montana [sampling site 14], Clark Fork at Goldcreek, Montana [sampling site 16], Clark Fork near Drummond, Montana [sampling site 18], and Clark Fork at Turah Bridge near Bonner, Montana [sampling site 20]). For period 4 (water years 2011–15), the most notable changes indicated for the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site were statistically significant decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable copper for sampling sites 8 and 22. The period 4 changes in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper for all other sampling sites were not statistically significant.
Trend results indicate that FACs of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic decreased at the sampling sites from period 1 through period 4 (water years 1996–2015); the decreases ranged from minor (sampling sites 8–20) to small (sampling site 22). For period 4 (water years 2011–15), the most notable changes indicated for the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site were statistically significant decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic for sampling site 8 and near statistically significant decreases for sampling site 22. The period 4 changes in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic for all other sampling sites were not statistically significant.
Trend results indicate that FACs of suspended sediment decreased at the sampling sites from period 1 through period 4 (water years 1996–2015); the decreases ranged from moderate (sampling site 8) to small (sampling sites 11–22). For period 4 (water years 2011–15), the changes in FACs of suspended sediment were not statistically significant for any sampling sites.
The reach of the Clark Fork from Galen to Deer Lodge is a large source of metallic contaminants and suspended sediment, which strongly affects downstream transport of those constituents. Mobilization of copper and suspended sediment from flood-plain tailings and the streambed of the Clark Fork and its tributaries within the reach results in a contribution of those constituents that is proportionally much larger than the contribution of streamflow from within the reach. Within the reach from Galen to Deer Lodge, unfiltered-recoverable copper loads increased by a factor of about 4 and suspended-sediment loads increased by a factor of about 5, whereas streamflow increased by a factor of slightly less than 2. For period 4 (water years 2011–15), unfiltered-recoverable copper and suspended-sediment loads sourced from within the reach accounted for about 41 and 14 percent, respectively, of the loads at Clark Fork above Missoula (sampling site 22), whereas streamflow sourced from within the reach accounted for about 4 percent of the streamflow at sampling site 22. During water years 1996–2015, decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable copper and suspended sediment for the reach generally were proportionally smaller than for most other reaches.
Unfiltered-recoverable copper loads sourced within the reaches of the Clark Fork between Deer Lodge and Turah Bridge near Bonner (just upstream from the former Milltown Dam) were proportionally smaller than contributions of streamflow sourced from within the reaches; these reaches contributed proportionally much less to copper loading in the Clark Fork than the reach between Galen and Deer Lodge. Although substantial decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable copper and suspended sediment were indicated for Silver Bow Creek at Warm Springs (sampling site 8), those substantial decreases were not translated to downstream reaches between Deer Lodge and Turah Bridge near Bonner. The effect of the reach of the Clark Fork from Galen to Deer Lodge as a large source of copper and suspended sediment, in combination with little temporal change in those constituents for the reach, contributes to this pattern.
With the removal of the former Milltown Dam in 2008, substantial amounts of contaminated sediments that remained in the Clark Fork channel and flood plain in reach 9 (downstream from Turah Bridge near Bonner) became more available for mobilization and transport than before the dam removal. After the removal of the former Milltown Dam, the Clark Fork above Missoula (sampling site 22) had statistically significant decreases in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper in period 3B (March 28, 2008, through water year 2010) that continued in period 4 (water years 2011–15). Also, decreases in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic and suspended sediment were indicated for period 4 at this site. The decrease in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper for sampling site 22 during period 4 was proportionally much larger than the decrease for the Clark Fork at Turah Bridge near Bonner (sampling site 20). Net mobilization of unfiltered-recoverable copper and arsenic from sources within reach 9 are smaller for period 4 than for period 1 when the former Milltown Dam was in place, providing evidence that contaminant source materials have been substantially reduced in reach 9.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., and Vecchia, A.V., 2016, Water-quality trends and constituent-transport analysis for selected sampling sites in the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996–2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5100, 82 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165100.","productDescription":"viii, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1996-10-01","ipdsId":"IP-074218","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5100/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325352,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5100/sir20165100.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.84 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5100"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -112.225341796875,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -112.225341796875,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Ave
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The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of southern Texas is located on the United States-Mexico borderland and represents a 240-kilometer (150-mile) linear stretch that ends at the Gulf of Mexico. The LRGV represents a unique transition between temperate and tropical conditions and, as such, sustains an exceptionally high diversity of plants and animals—some of them found in few, or no other, places in the United States. Examples include Leopardus pardalis albescens (northern ocelot) and Falco femoralis septentrionalis (northern aplomado falcon)—both endangered in the United States and emblematic of the LRGV. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) manages three national wildlife refuges (Santa Ana, Lower Rio Grande Valley, and Laguna Atascosa) that together make up the South Texas Refuge Complex, which actively conserves biodiversity in about 76,006 hectares (187,815.5 acres) of native riparian and upland habitats in the LRGV. These diminished habitats harbor many rare, threatened, and endangered species. This report updates the widely used 1988 USFWS biological report titled “Tamaulipan Brushland of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas: Description, Human Impacts, and Management Options” by synthesizing nearly 400 peer-reviewed scientific publications that have resulted from biological and sociological research conducted specifically in the four Texas counties of the LRGV in the past nearly 30 years. This report has three goals: (1) synthesize scientific insights gained since 1988 related to the biology and management of the LRGV and its unique biota, focusing on flora and fauna of greatest conservation concern; (2) update ongoing challenges facing Federal and State agencies and organizations that focus on conservation or key natural resources in the LRGV; and (3) redefine conservation opportunities and land-acquisition strategies that are feasible and appropriate today, given the many new and expanding constraints that challenge conservation activities in the LRGV. The LRGV faces every contemporary conservation challenge of the 21st century, but ongoing human population growth and its associated demands, international border issues, and oil, gas, and alternative energy development dominate impacts that affect conservation in the LRGV. Continued careful syntheses of existing and future information collected in the LRGV are needed on many biological and sociological topics to guide conservation activities. Quick response will no doubt be necessary to face contemporary and difficult-to-predict challenges such as climate change, diminished water availability and quality, spread of invasive species, and habitat loss and fragmentation. Complexities of a guarded international borderland add pressure to small patches of native habitat that remain in many places of the LRGV, particularly along the Rio Grande. Large connected corridors of restored native habitat could be the best option to maintain, and even enhance, the exceptional biodiversity of the LRGV in the face of exceptional human demand.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Oklahoma State University","usgsCitation":"Leslie, D.M., Jr., 2016, An international borderland of concern—Conservation of biodiversity in the Lower Rio Grande Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5078, 120 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165078.","productDescription":"xii, 120 p.","numberOfPages":"136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071193","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325377,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5078/sir20165078.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.31 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5078"},{"id":325376,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5078/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Cameron County, Hidalgo County, Starr County, Willacy County","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.44873046875,\n 26.635183800721723\n ],\n [\n -99.19281005859375,\n 26.63763888664592\n ],\n [\n -99.17633056640625,\n 26.58852714730864\n ],\n [\n -99.17289733886717,\n 26.53570851865494\n ],\n [\n -99.129638671875,\n 26.527107834031526\n ],\n [\n -99.09393310546875,\n 26.477948705162902\n ],\n [\n -99.11727905273438,\n 26.42815367369253\n ],\n [\n -99.08294677734375,\n 26.396790205102665\n ],\n [\n -99.05067443847656,\n 26.396175149904938\n ],\n [\n -98.8824462890625,\n 26.352497858154\n ],\n [\n -98.76434326171875,\n 26.301417571540153\n ],\n [\n -98.65997314453125,\n 26.2318383390133\n ],\n [\n -98.57002258300781,\n 26.220751072791945\n ],\n [\n -98.48419189453125,\n 26.199805575765804\n ],\n [\n -98.4375,\n 26.199805575765804\n ],\n [\n -98.23699951171874,\n 26.069119321860896\n ],\n [\n -98.16352844238281,\n 26.040743577081134\n ],\n [\n -98.074951171875,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -97.82501220703125,\n 26.04197744797015\n ],\n [\n -97.6629638671875,\n 26.022233955989027\n ],\n [\n -97.56683349609374,\n 25.933347157371625\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 25.874051998991952\n ],\n [\n -97.4102783203125,\n 25.834505347339903\n ],\n [\n -97.37045288085938,\n 25.8382134077492\n ],\n [\n -97.35809326171875,\n 25.87158072084242\n ],\n [\n -97.3663330078125,\n 25.90617390922084\n ],\n [\n -97.31346130371094,\n 25.92037888840585\n ],\n [\n -97.26333618164061,\n 25.941991877144947\n ],\n [\n -97.13836669921874,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -97.23175048828124,\n 26.473031635843395\n ],\n [\n -97.29766845703125,\n 26.642548900196076\n ],\n [\n -97.44873046875,\n 26.635183800721723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"The sulfur isotopic fractionation associated with the formation of organic sulfur compounds (OSCs) during thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) was studied using gold-tube pyrolysis experiments to simulate TSR. The reactants used included n-hexadecane (n-C16) as a model organic compound with sulfate, sulfite, or elemental sulfur as the sulfur source. At the end of each experiment, the S-isotopic composition and concentration of remaining sulfate, H2S, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, and 2-phenylthiophene (PT) were measured. The observed S-isotopic fractionations between sulfate and BT, DBT, and H2S in experimental simulations of TSR correlate well with a multi-stage model of the overall TSR process. Large kinetic isotope fractionations occur during the first, uncatalyzed stage of TSR, 12.4‰ for H2S and as much as 22.2‰ for BT. The fractionations decrease as the H2S concentration increases and the reaction enters the second, catalyzed stage. Once all of the oxidizable hydrocarbons have been consumed, sulfate reduction ceases and equilibrium partitioning then dictates the fractionation between H2S and sulfate (∼17‰).
\nExperiments involving sparingly soluble CaSO4 show that during the second catalytic phase of TSR the rate of sulfate reduction exceeds that of sulfate dissolution. In this case, there is no apparent isotopic fractionation between source sulfate and generated H2S, as all of the available sulfate is effectively reduced at all reaction times. When CaSO4 is replaced with fully soluble Na2SO4, sulfate dissolution is no longer rate limiting and significant S-isotopic fractionation is observed. This supports the notion that CaSO4dissolution can lead to the apparent lack of fractionation between H2S and sulfate produced by TSR in nature. The S-isotopic composition of individual OSCs record information related to geochemical reactions that cannot be discerned from the δ34S values obtained from bulk phases such as H2S, oil, and sulfate minerals, and provide important mechanistic details about the overall TSR process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.026","usgsCitation":"Meshoulam, A., Ellis, G.S., Ahmad, W.S., Deev, A., Sessions, A.L., Tang, Y., Adkins, J.F., Liu, J., Gilhooly, W.P., Aizenshtat, Z., and Amrani, A., 2016, Study of thermochemical sulfate reduction mechanism using compound specific sulfur isotope analysis: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 188, p. 73-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.026.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"92","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070994","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"188","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5790a191e4b030378fb47463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meshoulam, Alexander","contributorId":172977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meshoulam","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27131,"text":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem Israel","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahmad, Ward Said","contributorId":172978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahmad","given":"Ward","email":"","middleInitial":"Said","affiliations":[{"id":27131,"text":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem Israel","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deev, Andrei","contributorId":17124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deev","given":"Andrei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sessions, Alex L.","contributorId":172980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sessions","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27133,"text":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tang, Yongchun","contributorId":103166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Yongchun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adkins, Jess F.","contributorId":7639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adkins","given":"Jess","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liu, Jinzhong","contributorId":66155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinzhong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gilhooly, William P. III","contributorId":35603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilhooly","given":"William","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aizenshtat, Zeev","contributorId":21747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aizenshtat","given":"Zeev","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Amrani, Alon","contributorId":49258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amrani","given":"Alon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70174879,"text":"70174879 - 2016 - Spatial and temporal variability in estuary habitat use by American alligators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T10:06:55","indexId":"70174879","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-19T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variability in estuary habitat use by American alligators","docAbstract":"Estuarine habitat occupied by Alligator mississippiensis, a primarily freshwater species, is spatially and temporally heterogeneous largely due to a salinity gradient that fluctuates. Using long-term night light survey data, we examined seasonal patterns in alligators’ habitat use by size classes in midstream and downstream estuary zones of Shark River, Everglades National Park, in southern Florida. We observed predominantly large-sized alligators (total length ≥ 1.75 m); observations of alligators in the small size classes (0.5 m ≤ total length < 1.25 m) were rare especially in the higher-salinity downstream zone. The density of alligators in the downstream zone was lower than that of the midstream zone during the dry season when salinity increases due to reduced precipitation. Conversely, the density of the large size alligators was higher in the downstream zone than in the midstream zone during the wet season, likely because of reduced salinity. We also found a significant declining trend over time in the number of alligators in the dry season, which coincides with the reported decline in alligator relative density in southern Florida freshwater wetlands. Our results indicated high adaptability of alligators to the fluctuating habitat conditions. Use of estuaries by alligators is likely driven in part by physiology and possibly by reproductive cycle, and our results supported their opportunistic use of estuary habitat and ontogenetic niche shifts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-016-0084-2","usgsCitation":"Fujisaki, I., Hart, K.M., Cherkiss, M.S., Mazzotti, F., Beauchamp, J.S., Jeffery, B.M., and Brandt, L., 2016, Spatial and temporal variability in estuary habitat use by American alligators: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 39, no. 5, p. 1561-1569, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-016-0084-2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1561","endPage":"1569","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060689","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park, Shark River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n 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sediments throughout the western basin of Lake Erie. The flux was quantified from both aerobic and anaerobic incubations of whole cores; by monitoring the water encapsulated in bottom chambers; from pore water concentration profiles measured with a phosphate microelectrode, a diffusive equilibrium in thin films (DET) hydrogel, and expressed pore waters; and from mass balance and biogeochemical diagenetic models. Fluxes under aerobic conditions at summertime temperatures averaged 1.35 mg P/m2/day and displayed spatial variability on scales as small as a centimeter. Using two different temperature correction factors, the flux was adjusted to mean annual temperature yielding average annual fluxes of 0.43–0.91 mg P/m2/day and a western basin-wide total of 378–808 Mg P/year as the diffusive flux from sediments. This is 3–7% of the 11,000 Mg P/year International Joint Commission (IJC) target load for phosphorus delivery to Lake Erie from external sources. Using these average aerobic fluxes, the sediment contributes 3.0–6.3 μg P/L as a background internal contribution that represents 20–42% of the IJC Target Concentration of 15 μg P/L for the western basin. The implication is that this internal diffusive recycling of P is unlikely to trigger cyanobacterial blooms by itself but is sufficiently large to cause blooms when combined with external loads. This background flux may be also responsible for delayed response of the lake to any decrease in the external loading.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2016.04.004","usgsCitation":"Matisoff, G., Kaltenberg, E.M., Steely, R.L., Hummel, S.K., Seo, J., Gibbons, K.J., Bridgeman, T., Seo, Y., Behbahani, M., James, W., Johnson, L., Doan, P., Dittrich, M., Evans, M.A., and Chaffin, J.D., 2016, Internal loading of phosphorus in western Lake Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 42, no. 4, p. 775-788, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.04.004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"788","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067855","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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Adult individuals have been found in all of the Great Lakes except Lake Superior, but no self-sustaining populations have yet been identified in Great Lakes tributaries. In 2012, a commercial fisherman caught four juvenile diploid grass carp in the Sandusky River, a major tributary to Lake Erie. Otolith microchemistry and the capture location of these fish permitted the conclusion that they were most likely produced in the Sandusky River. Due to this finding, we sampled ichthyoplankton using paired bongo net tows and larval light traps during June–August of 2014 and 2015 to determine if grass carp are spawning in the Sandusky River. From the samples collected in 2015, we identified and staged eight eggs that were morphologically consistent with grass carp. Five eggs were confirmed as grass carp using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for a grass carp-specific marker, while the remaining three were retained for future analysis. Our finding confirms that grass carp are naturally spawning in this Great Lakes tributary. All eggs were collected during high-flow events, either on the day of peak flow or 1–2 days following peak flow, supporting an earlier suggestion that high flow conditions favor grass carp spawning. The next principal goal is to identify the spawning and hatch location(s) for the Sandusky River. Predicting locations and conditions where grass carp spawning is most probable may aid targeted management efforts.
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With advances in telemetry capabilities, animal movement models are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Despite a need for population-level inference, animal movement models are still predominantly developed for individual-level inference. Most efforts to upscale the inference to the population level are either post hoc or complicated enough that only the developer can implement the model. Hierarchical Bayesian models provide an ideal platform for the development of population-level animal movement models but can be challenging to fit due to computational limitations or extensive tuning required. We propose a two-stage procedure for fitting hierarchical animal movement models to telemetry data. The two-stage approach is statistically rigorous and allows one to fit individual-level movement models separately, then resample them using a secondary MCMC algorithm. The primary advantages of the two-stage approach are that the first stage is easily parallelizable and the second stage is completely unsupervised, allowing for an automated fitting procedure in many cases. We demonstrate the two-stage procedure with two applications of animal movement models. The first application involves a spatial point process approach to modeling telemetry data, and the second involves a more complicated continuous-time discrete-space animal movement model. We fit these models to simulated data and real telemetry data arising from a population of monitored Canada lynx in Colorado, USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell ","doi":"10.1002/env.2402","usgsCitation":"Hooten, M., Buderman, F.E., Brost, B.M., Hanks, E., and Ivans, J.S., 2016, Hierarchical animal movement models for population-level inference: Environmetrics , v. 27, no. 6, p. 322-333, https://doi.org/10.1002/env.2402.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"333","ipdsId":"IP-076019","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.09585","text":"External Repository"},{"id":331665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58492df2e4b06d80b7b093a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buderman, Frances E.","contributorId":171634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buderman","given":"Frances","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brost, Brian M.","contributorId":171484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brost","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanks, Ephraim M.","contributorId":104630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Ephraim M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ivans, Jacob S.","contributorId":177286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivans","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16861,"text":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176135,"text":"70176135 - 2016 - Island characteristics within wetlands influence waterbird nest success and abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T09:44:20","indexId":"70176135","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Island characteristics within wetlands influence waterbird nest success and abundance","docAbstract":"Coastal waterbird populations are threatened by habitat loss and degradation from urban and agricultural development and forecasted sea level rise associated with climate change. Remaining wetlands often must be managed to ensure that waterbird habitat needs, and other ecosystem functions, are met. For many waterbirds, the availability of island nesting habitat is important for conserving breeding populations. We used linear mixed models to investigate the influence of pond and island landscape characteristics on nest abundance and nest success of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), and Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, based on a 9-year dataset that included >9,000 nests. Nest abundance and nest success were greatest within ponds and on individual islands located either <1 km or >4 km from San Francisco Bay. Further, nest abundance was greater within ponds with relatively few islands, and on linear-shaped, highly elongated islands compared to more rounded islands. Nest success was greater on islands located away from the nearest surrounding pond levee. Compared to more rounded islands, linear islands contained more near-water habitat preferred by many nesting waterbirds. Islands located away from pond levees may provide greater protection from terrestrial egg and chick predators. Our results indicate that creating and maintaining a few, relatively small, highly elongated and narrow islands away from mainland levees, in as many wetland ponds as possible would be effective at providing waterbirds with preferred nesting habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21120","usgsCitation":"Hartman, C.A., Ackerman, J., and Herzog, M.P., 2016, Island characteristics within wetlands influence waterbird nest success and abundance: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 7, p. 1177-1188, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21120.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1177","endPage":"1188","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075274","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.22290039062499,\n 38.07187927827001\n ],\n [\n -122.30804443359375,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -122.53051757812499,\n 38.10646650598286\n ],\n [\n -122.57171630859375,\n 38.01131226070673\n ],\n [\n -122.64038085937499,\n 37.896530447543\n ],\n [\n -122.62664794921874,\n 37.78156937014928\n ],\n [\n -122.58270263671876,\n 37.65773212628274\n ],\n [\n -122.53601074218751,\n 37.61423141542417\n ],\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 37.43343148473673\n ],\n [\n -122.44262695312501,\n 37.34832607355296\n ],\n [\n -122.08282470703124,\n 37.36797435878155\n ],\n [\n -121.88232421875,\n 37.39416407012379\n ],\n [\n -121.80816650390625,\n 37.446516047833484\n ],\n [\n -121.77520751953125,\n 37.62075814551956\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 37.75551557687061\n ],\n [\n -121.7120361328125,\n 37.85316995894978\n ],\n [\n -121.91253662109376,\n 37.98317483351337\n ],\n [\n -121.9921875,\n 38.02862223458794\n ],\n [\n -122.22290039062499,\n 38.07187927827001\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b091e4b0f2f0cebe5e77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, C. Alex 0000-0002-7222-1633 chartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-1633","contributorId":131157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"C.","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. 0000-0002-5203-2835 mherzog@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-2835","contributorId":131158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174834,"text":"70174834 - 2016 - Effects of haying on breeding birds in CRP grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-26T14:17:24","indexId":"70174834","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of haying on breeding birds in CRP grasslands","docAbstract":"The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a voluntary program that is available to agricultural producers to help protect environmentally sensitive or highly erodible land. Management disturbances of CRP grasslands generally are not allowed unless authorized to provide relief to livestock producers during severe drought or a similar natural disaster (i.e., emergency haying and grazing) or to improve the quality and performance of the CRP cover (i.e., managed haying and grazing). Although CRP grasslands may not be hayed or grazed during the primary bird-nesting season, these disturbances may have short-term (1 yr after disturbance) and long-term (≥2 yr after disturbance) effects on grassland bird populations. We assessed the effects of haying on 20 grassland bird species in 483 CRP grasslands in 9 counties of 4 states in the northern Great Plains, USA between 1993 and 2008. We compared breeding bird densities (as determined by total-area counts) in idle and hayed fields to evaluate changes 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after haying. Haying of CRP grasslands had either positive or negative effects on grassland birds, depending on the species, the county, and the number of years after the initial disturbance. Some species (e.g., horned lark [Eremophila alpestris], bobolink [Dolichonyx oryzivorus]) responded positively after haying, and others (e.g., song sparrow [Melospiza melodia]) responded negatively. The responses of some species changed direction as the fields recovered from haying. For example, densities for common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), sedge wren (Cistothorus platensis), and clay-colored sparrow (Spizella pallida) declined the first year after haying but increased in the subsequent 3 years. Ten species showed treatment × county interactions, indicating that the effects of haying varied geographically. This long-term evaluation on the effects of haying on breeding birds provides important information on the strength and direction of changes in bird populations following a disturbance. Results from this study can help guide management of CRP and other grasslands and inform future agricultural programs that address biomass energy production. © 2016 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21119","usgsCitation":"Igl, L.D., and Johnson, D.H., 2016, Effects of haying on breeding birds in CRP grasslands: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 7, p. 1189-1204, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21119.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1189","endPage":"1204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059917","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Butte County, Eddy County, Fallon County, Day County, Grant County, Hettlinger County, Kidder County, McPherson County, Sheridan County","volume":"80","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578defa2e4b0f1bea0e03bc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174157,"text":"70174157 - 2016 - Evaluating habitat associations of a fish assemblage at multiple spatial scales in a minimally disturbed stream using low‐cost remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T13:12:27.644533","indexId":"70174157","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating habitat associations of a fish assemblage at multiple spatial scales in a minimally disturbed stream using low‐cost remote sensing","docAbstract":"Oncorhynchus mykiss exhibits a vast array of life histories, which increases its likelihood of persistence by spreading risk of extirpation among different pathways. The Klamath River basin (California–Oregon) provides a particularly interesting backdrop for the study of life history diversity in O. mykiss, in part because the river is slated for a historic and potentially influential dam removal and habitat recolonization project. We used scale and otolith strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) analyses to characterize life history diversity in wildO. mykiss from the lower Klamath River basin. We also determined maternal origin (anadromous or nonanadromous) and migratory history (anadromous or nonanadromous) of O. mykiss and compared length and fecundity at age between anadromous (steelhead) and nonanadromous (Rainbow Trout) phenotypes of O. mykiss. We identified a total of 38 life history categories at maturity, which differed in duration of freshwater and ocean rearing, age at maturation, and incidence of repeat spawning. Approximately 10% of adult fish sampled were nonanadromous. Rainbow Trout generally grew faster in freshwater than juvenile steelhead; however, ocean growth afforded adult steelhead greater length and fecundity than adult Rainbow Trout. Although 75% of individuals followed the migratory path of their mother, steelhead produced nonanadromous progeny and Rainbow Trout produced anadromous progeny. Overall, we observed a highly diverse array of life histories among Klamath River O. mykiss. While this diversity should increase population resilience, recent declines in the abundance of Klamath River steelhead suggest that life history diversity alone is not sufficient to stabilize a population. Our finding that steelhead and Rainbow Trout give rise to progeny of the alternate form (1) suggests that dam removal might lead to a facultatively anadromous O. mykiss population in the upper basin and (2) raises the question of whether both forms of O. mykiss in the Klamath River should be managed under the same strategy.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1111257","usgsCitation":"Hodge, B.W., Wilzbach, P., Duffy, W.G., Quinones, R.M., and Hobbs, J.A., 2016, Life history diversity in Klamath River steelhead: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 145, no. 2, p. 227-238, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1111257.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"238","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066438","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 43.06086137134326\n ],\n [\n -121.13525390625,\n 42.706659563510385\n ],\n [\n -120.750732421875,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -121.761474609375,\n 41.492120839687786\n ],\n [\n -122.58544921875,\n 41.3025710943056\n ],\n [\n -123.50830078125,\n 40.48873742102282\n ],\n [\n -124.288330078125,\n 40.85537053192496\n ],\n [\n -123.870849609375,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -123.431396484375,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -123.277587890625,\n 42.04113400940809\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 43.06086137134326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"145","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578defa3e4b0f1bea0e03bcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodge, Brian W.","contributorId":172966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodge","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilzbach, Peggy 0000-0002-3559-3630 paw7002@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3559-3630","contributorId":3908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilzbach","given":"Peggy","email":"paw7002@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duffy, Walter G. wgd7001@usgs.gov","contributorId":2491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Walter","email":"wgd7001@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinones, Rebecca M.","contributorId":172968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinones","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hobbs, James A.","contributorId":171638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobbs","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70174826,"text":"70174826 - 2016 - Mining-related sediment and soil contamination in a large Superfund site: Characterization, habitat implications, and remediation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T16:39:55","indexId":"70174826","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mining-related sediment and soil contamination in a large Superfund site: Characterization, habitat implications, and remediation","docAbstract":"Historical mining activity (1850–1970) in the now inactive Tri-State Mining District provided an ongoing source of lead and zinc to the environment including the US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site located in Cherokee County, southeast Kansas, USA. The resultant contamination adversely affected biota and caused human health problems and risks. Remediation in the Superfund site requires an understanding of the magnitude and extent of contamination. To provide some of the required information, a series of sediment and soil investigations were conducted in and near the Superfund site to characterize lead and zinc contamination in the aquatic and floodplain environments along the main-stem Spring River and its major tributaries. In the Superfund site, the most pronounced lead and zinc contamination, with concentrations that far exceed sediment quality guidelines associated with potential adverse biological effects, was measured for streambed sediments and floodplain soils located within or downstream from the most intensive mining-affected areas. Tributary streambeds and floodplains in affected areas are heavily contaminated with some sites having lead and zinc concentrations that are an order of magnitude (or more) greater than the sediment quality guidelines. For the main-stem Spring River, the streambed is contaminated but the floodplain is mostly uncontaminated. Measured lead and zinc concentrations in streambed sediments, lakebed sediments, and floodplain soils documented a persistence of the post-mining contamination on a decadal timescale. These results provide a basis for the prioritization, development, and implementation of plans to remediate contamination in the affected aquatic and floodplain environments within the Superfund site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-016-0729-8","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Drake, K.D., 2016, Mining-related sediment and soil contamination in a large Superfund site: Characterization, habitat implications, and remediation: Environmental Management, v. 58, no. 4, p. 721-740, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0729-8.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"740","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071176","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Cherokee County","otherGeospatial":"Spring River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.93698120117188,\n 37.00035919622158\n ],\n [\n -94.93698120117188,\n 37.323212446730174\n ],\n [\n -94.61975097656249,\n 37.323212446730174\n ],\n [\n -94.61975097656249,\n 37.00035919622158\n ],\n [\n -94.93698120117188,\n 37.00035919622158\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578defa4e4b0f1bea0e03bd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, K. D.","contributorId":172945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drake","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174830,"text":"70174830 - 2016 - Time-varying land subsidence detected by radar altimetry: California, Taiwan and north China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-09T09:33:20","indexId":"70174830","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-varying land subsidence detected by radar altimetry: California, Taiwan and north China","docAbstract":"Contemporary applications of radar altimetry include sea-level rise, ocean circulation, marine gravity, and ice sheet elevation change. Unlike InSAR and GNSS, which are widely used to map surface deformation, altimetry is neither reliant on highly temporally-correlated ground features nor as limited by the available spatial coverage, and can provide long-term temporal subsidence monitoring capability. Here we use multi-mission radar altimetry with an approximately 23 year data-span to quantify land subsidence in cropland areas. Subsidence rates from TOPEX/POSEIDON, JASON-1, ENVISAT, and JASON-2 during 1992–2015 show time-varying trends with respect to displacement over time in California’s San Joaquin Valley and central Taiwan, possibly related to changes in land use, climatic conditions (drought) and regulatory measures affecting groundwater use. Near Hanford, California, subsidence rates reach 18 cm/yr with a cumulative subsidence of 206 cm, which potentially could adversely affect operations of the planned California High-Speed Rail. The maximum subsidence rate in central Taiwan is 8 cm/yr. Radar altimetry also reveals time-varying subsidence in the North China Plain consistent with the declines of groundwater storage and existing water infrastructure detected by the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, with rates reaching 20 cm/yr and cumulative subsidence as much as 155 cm.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/srep28160","usgsCitation":"Hwang, C., Yang, Y., Kao, R., Han, J., Shum, C., Galloway, D.L., Sneed, M., Hung, W., Cheng, Y., and Li, F., 2016, Time-varying land subsidence detected by radar altimetry: California, Taiwan and north China: Scientific Reports, v. 6, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28160.","productDescription":"Article 28160; 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066742","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28160","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China, Taiwan, United States","state":"California","volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578defa4e4b0f1bea0e03bd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hwang, Cheinway 0000-0002-3322-353X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3322-353X","contributorId":172932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hwang","given":"Cheinway","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27120,"text":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, Yuande","contributorId":172933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Yuande","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27121,"text":"Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kao, Ricky","contributorId":172934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kao","given":"Ricky","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27120,"text":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Han, Jiancheng","contributorId":172935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Han","given":"Jiancheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27120,"text":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shum, C.K.","contributorId":172936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shum","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27122,"text":"Division of Geodetic Science, School of Earth Science, the Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sneed, Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hung, Wei-Chia","contributorId":172937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hung","given":"Wei-Chia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27123,"text":"Green Environmental Engineering Consultant Co. LTD, Hsinchu, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cheng, Yung-Sheng","contributorId":172938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"Yung-Sheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27120,"text":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Li, Fei","contributorId":172939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Fei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27121,"text":"Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70174832,"text":"70174832 - 2016 - Estimating carbon sequestration in the piedmont ecoregion of the United States from 1971 to 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T13:54:11","indexId":"70174832","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1183,"text":"Carbon Balance and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating carbon sequestration in the piedmont ecoregion of the United States from 1971 to 2010","docAbstract":"Background: Human activities have diverse and profound impacts on ecosystem carbon cycles. The Piedmont ecoregion in the eastern United States has undergone significant land use and land cover change in the past few decades. The purpose of this study was to use newly available land use and land cover change data to quantify carbon changes within the ecoregion. Land use and land cover change data (60-m spatial resolution) derived from sequential remotely sensed Landsat imagery were used to generate 960-m resolution land cover change maps for the Piedmont ecoregion. These maps were used in the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) to simulate ecosystem carbon stock and flux changes from 1971 to 2010. Results: Results show that land use change, especially urbanization and forest harvest had significant impacts on carbon sources and sinks. From 1971 to 2010, forest ecosystems sequestered 0.25 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, while agricultural ecosystems sequestered 0.03 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. The total ecosystem C stock increased from 2271 Tg C in 1971 to 2402 Tg C in 2010, with an annual average increase of 3.3 Tg C yr−1. Conclusions: Terrestrial lands in the Piedmont ecoregion were estimated to be weak net carbon sink during the study period. The major factors contributing to the carbon sink were forest growth and afforestation; the major factors contributing to terrestrial emissions were human induced land cover change, especially urbanization and forest harvest. An additional amount of carbon continues to be stored in harvested wood products. If this pool were included the carbon sink would be stronger. Keywords: Land-use change, Carbon change, Piedmont ecoregion, IBIS model
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s13021-016-0052-y","usgsCitation":"Liu, J., Sleeter, B.M., Zhu, Z., Heath, L., Tan, Z., Wilson, T., Sherba, J.T., and Zhou, D., 2016, Estimating carbon sequestration in the piedmont ecoregion of the United States from 1971 to 2010: Carbon Balance and Management, v. 11, no. 10, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-016-0052-y.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075244","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-016-0052-y","text":"Publisher Index 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jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heath, Linda S.","contributorId":84207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heath","given":"Linda S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tan, Zhengxi 0000-0002-4136-0921 ztan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-0921","contributorId":2945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Zhengxi","email":"ztan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Tamara 0000-0001-7399-7532 tswilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-7532","contributorId":2975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tamara","email":"tswilson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sherba, Jason T. jsherba@usgs.gov","contributorId":5972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherba","given":"Jason","email":"jsherba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhou, Decheng","contributorId":172941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Decheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27124,"text":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70174831,"text":"70174831 - 2016 - Fifty-seventh supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T15:18:19","indexId":"70174831","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fifty-seventh supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds","docAbstract":"This is the 16th supplement since publication of the 7th edition of the Check-list of North American Birds (American Ornithologists' Union [AOU] 1998). It summarizes decisions made between April 15, 2015, and April 15, 2016, by the AOU's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature—North and Middle America. The Committee has continued to operate in the manner outlined in the 42nd Supplement (AOU 2000).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-16-77.1","usgsCitation":"Chesser, R., Burns, K., Cicero, C., Dunn, J.L., Kratter, A.W., Lovette, I.J., Rasmussen, P.C., Remsen, J., Rising, J.D., Stotz, D.F., and Winker, K., 2016, Fifty-seventh supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds: The Auk, v. 133, no. 3, p. 544-560, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-16-77.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"544","endPage":"560","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077028","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-16-77.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578defa3e4b0f1bea0e03bcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chesser, R. Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092 tchesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"R. Terry","email":"tchesser@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Kevin J","contributorId":145564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"Kevin J","affiliations":[{"id":5088,"text":"SDSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cicero, Carla","contributorId":145565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cicero","given":"Carla","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunn, Jon L.","contributorId":145566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kratter, Andrew W.","contributorId":145567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kratter","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16151,"text":"Univ Fla","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovette, Irby J.","contributorId":145573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovette","given":"Irby","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rasmussen, Pamela C.","contributorId":145569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16153,"text":"Mich St Univ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Remsen, J.V. Jr.","contributorId":82258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remsen","given":"J.V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rising, James D.","contributorId":145571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rising","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16155,"text":"Univ Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stotz, Douglas F.","contributorId":145572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stotz","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":16156,"text":"FMNH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Winker, Kevin","contributorId":140814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winker","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13586,"text":"University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70174021,"text":"ofr20161108 - 2016 - Pacific walrus coastal haulout database, 1852-2016— Background report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:47:52","indexId":"ofr20161108","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1108","title":"Pacific walrus coastal haulout database, 1852-2016— Background report","docAbstract":"Walruses are large benthic predators that rest out of water between foraging bouts. Coastal “haulouts” (places where walruses rest) are formed by adult males in summer and sometimes by females and young when sea ice is absent, and are often used repeatedly across seasons and years. Understanding the geography and historical use of haulouts provides a context for conservation efforts. We summarize information on Pacific walrus haulouts from available reports (n =151), interviews with coastal residents and aviators, and personal observations of the authors. We provide this in the form of a georeferenced database that can be queried and displayed with standard geographic information system and database management software. The database contains 150 records of Pacific walrus haulouts, with a summary of basic characteristics on maximum haulout aggregation size, age-sex composition, season of use, and decade of most recent use. Citations to reports are provided in the appendix and as a bibliographic database. Haulouts were distributed across the coasts of the Pacific walrus range; however, the largest (maximum >10,000 walruses) of the haulouts reported in the recent 4 decades (n=19) were concentrated on the Russian shores in regions near the Bering Strait and northward into the western Chukchi Sea (n=17). Haulouts of adult female and young walruses primarily occurred in the Bering Strait region and areas northward, with others occurring in the central Bering Sea, Gulf of Anadyr, and Saint Lawrence Island regions. The Gulf of Anadyr was the only region to contain female and young walrus haulouts, which formed after the northward spring migration and prior to autumn ice formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Chukot-TINRO and Institute of Biological Problems of the North Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Fischbach, A.S., Kochnev, A.A., Garlich-Miller, J.L., and Jay, C.V., 2016, Pacific walrus coastal haulout database, 1852-2016— Background report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1108, Report: iv, 27 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161108.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 27 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076335","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325339,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7RX994P","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Pacific Walrus Coastal Haulout Database, 1852-2016"},{"id":438584,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VD6WK5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"ArcGIS Mapping Service for Pacific Walrus Coastal Haulouts"},{"id":438583,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RX994P","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Pacific Walrus Coastal Haulout Database 1852-2016"},{"id":325338,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1108/ofr20161108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1108 Report PDF"},{"id":325337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1108/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -203.642578125,\n 50.12057809796008\n ],\n [\n -203.642578125,\n 72.18180355624855\n ],\n [\n -149.765625,\n 72.18180355624855\n ],\n [\n -149.765625,\n 50.12057809796008\n ],\n [\n -203.642578125,\n 50.12057809796008\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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The authors developed a package, LW1949, for use with the statistical software R to automatically carry out the manual steps of Litchfield and Wilcoxon's method of evaluating dose–effect experiments. The LW1949 package consistently finds the best fitting dose–effect relation by minimizing the chi-squared statistic of the observed and expected number of affected individuals and substantially speeds up the line-fitting process and other calculations that Litchfield and Wilcoxon originally carried out by hand. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;9999:1–4. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1002/etc.3490","usgsCitation":"Adams, J.V., Slaght, K., and Boogaard, M.A., 2016, An automated approach to Litchfield and Wilcoxon's evaluation of dose–effect experiments using the R package LW1949: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 35, no. 12, p. 3058-3061, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3490.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3058","endPage":"3061","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071112","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315bae4b006cb45558a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slaght, Karen kslaght@usgs.gov","contributorId":173404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slaght","given":"Karen","email":"kslaght@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boogaard, Michael A. 0000-0002-5192-8437 mboogaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-8437","contributorId":865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boogaard","given":"Michael","email":"mboogaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175240,"text":"70175240 - 2016 - Arctic sea ice decline contributes to thinning lake ice trend in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T09:43:31","indexId":"70175240","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arctic sea ice decline contributes to thinning lake ice trend in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Field measurements, satellite observations, and models document a thinning trend in seasonal Arctic lake ice growth, causing a shift from bedfast to floating ice conditions. September sea ice concentrations in the Arctic Ocean since 1991 correlate well (r = +0.69,p < 0.001) to this lake regime shift. To understand how and to what extent sea ice affects lakes, we conducted model experiments to simulate winters with years of high (1991/92) and low (2007/08) sea ice extent for which we also had field measurements and satellite imagery characterizing lake ice conditions. A lake ice growth model forced with Weather Research and Forecasting model output produced a 7% decrease in lake ice growth when 2007/08 sea ice was imposed on 1991/92 climatology and a 9% increase in lake ice growth for the opposing experiment. Here, we clearly link early winter 'ocean-effect' snowfall and warming to reduced lake ice growth. Future reductions in sea ice extent will alter hydrological, biogeochemical, and habitat functioning of Arctic lakes and cause sub-lake permafrost thaw.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Physics","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074022","usgsCitation":"Alexeev, V., Arp, C.D., Jones, B.M., and Cai, L., 2016, Arctic sea ice decline contributes to thinning lake ice trend in northern Alaska: Environmental Research Letters, v. 11, no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074022.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071294","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":326013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"11","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315bbe4b006cb45558a2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexeev, Vladimir","contributorId":173393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexeev","given":"Vladimir","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cai, Lei","contributorId":173394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cai","given":"Lei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170068,"text":"sir20165042 - 2016 - Effects of aquifer storage and recovery activities on water quality in the Little Arkansas River and Equus Beds Aquifer, south-central Kansas, 2011–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T07:42:28","indexId":"sir20165042","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5042","title":"Effects of aquifer storage and recovery activities on water quality in the Little Arkansas River and Equus Beds Aquifer, south-central Kansas, 2011–14","docAbstract":"The Equus Beds aquifer in south-central Kansas is aprimary water source for the city of Wichita. The Equus Beds aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) project was developed to help the city of Wichita meet increasing current (2016) and future water demands. The Equus Beds ASR project pumps water out of the Little Arkansas River during above-base flow conditions, treats it using drinking-water quality standards as a guideline, and recharges it into the Equus Beds aquifer for later use. Phase II of the Equus Beds ASR project currently (2016) includes a river intake facility and a surface-water treatment facility with a 30 million gallon per day capacity. Water diverted from the Little Arkansas River is delivered to an adjacent presedimentation basin for solids removal. Subsequently, waste from the surface-water treatment facility and the presedimentation basin is returned to the Little Arkansas River through a residuals return line. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Wichita, developed and implemented a hydrobiological monitoring program as part of the ASR project to characterize and quantify the effects of aquifer storage and recovery activities on the Little Arkansas River and Equus Beds aquifer water quality.
Data were collected from 2 surface-water sites (one upstream and one downstream from the residuals return line), 1 residuals return line site, and 2 groundwater well sites (each having a shallow and deep part): the Little Arkansas River upstream from the ASR facility near Sedgwick, Kansas (upstream surface-water site 375350097262800), about 0.03 mile (mi) upstream from the residuals return line site; the Little Arkansas River near Sedgwick, Kans. (downstream surface-water site 07144100), about 1.68 mi downstream from the residuals return line site; discharge from the Little Arkansas River ASR facility near Sedgwick, Kansas (residuals return line site 375348097262800); 25S 01 W 07BCCC01 SMW–S11 near CW36 (MW–7 shallow groundwater well site 375327097285401); 25S01 W 07BCCC02 DMW–S10 near CW36 (MW–7 deep groundwater well site 375327097285402); 25S 01W 07BCCA01 SMW–S13 near CW36 (MW–8 shallow groundwater well site 375332097284801); and 25S 01W 07BCCA02 DMW–S14 near CW36 (MW–8 deep groundwater well site 375332097284802). The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Wichita, assessed the effects of the ASR Phase II facility residuals return line discharges on stream quality of the Little Arkansas River by measuring continuous physicochemical properties and collecting discrete water-quality and sediment samples for about 2 years pre- (January 2011 through April 2013) and post-ASR (May 2013 through December 2014) Phase II facility operation upstream and downstream from the ASR Phase II facility. Additionally, habitat variables were quantified and macroinvertebrate and fish communities were sampled upstream and downstream from the ASR Phase II facility during the study period. To assess the effects of aquifer recharge on Equus Beds groundwater quality, continuous physicochemical properties were measured and discrete water-quality samples were collected before and during the onset of Phase II aquifer recharge in two (shallow and deep) groundwater wells.
Little Arkansas River streamflow was about 10 times larger after the facility began operating because of greater rainfall. Residuals return line release volumes were a very minimal proportion (0.06 percent) of downstream streamflow volume during the months the ASR facility was operating. Upstream and downstream continuously measured water temperature and dissolved oxygen median differences were smaller post-ASR than pre-ASR. Turbidity generally was smaller at the downstream site throughout the study period and decreased at both sites after the ASR Phase II facility began discharging despite a median residuals return line turbidity that was about an order of magnitude larger than the median turbidity at the downstream site. Upstream and downstream continuously measured turbidity median differences were larger post-ASR than pre-ASR. Median post-ASR continuously measured nitrite plus nitrate and continuously computed total suspended solids and suspended-sediment concentrations were smaller than pre-ASR likely because of higher streamflows and dilution; whereas, median continuously computed dissolved and total organic carbon concentrations were larger likely because of higher streamflows and runoff conditions.
None of the discretely measured water-quality constituents (dissolved and suspended solids, primary ions, suspended sediment, nutrients, carbon, trace elements, viral and bacterial indicators, and pesticides) in surface water were significantly different between the upstream and downstream sites after the ASR Phase II facility began discharging; however, pre-ASR calcium, sodium, hardness, manganese, and arsenate concentrations were significantly larger at the upstream site, which indicates that some water-quality conditions at the upstream and downstream sites were more similar post-ASR. Most of the primary constituents that make up dissolved solids decreased at both sites after the ASR Phase II facility began operation. Discretely collected total suspended solids concentrations were similar between the upstream and downstream sites before the facility began operating but were about 27 percent smaller at the downstream site after the facility began operating, despite the total suspended solids concentrations in the residuals return line being 15 times larger than the downstream site.
Overall habitat scores were indicative of suboptimal conditions upstream and downstream from the ASR Phase II facility throughout the study period. Substrate fouling and sediment deposition mean scores indicated marginal conditions at the upstream and downstream sites during the study period, demonstrating that sediment deposition was evident pre- and post-ASR and no substantial changes in these habitat characteristics were noted after the ASR Phase II facility began discharging. Macroinvertebrate community composition (evaluated using functional feeding, behavioral, and tolerance metrics) generally was similar between sites during the study period. Fewer macroinvertebrate metrics were significant between the upstream and downstream sites post-ASR (6) than pre-ASR (14), which suggests that macroinvertebate communities were more similar after the ASR facility began discharging. Upstream-downstream comparisons in macroinvertebrate aquatic-life-support metrics had no significant differences for the post-ASR time period and neither site was fully supporting for any of the Kansas Department of Health and Environment aquatic-life-support metrics (Macroinvertebrate Biotic Index; Kansas Biotic Index with tolerances for nutrients and oxygen-demanding substances; Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera [EPT] richness; and percentage of EPT species). Overall, using macroinvertebrate aquatic life-support criteria from the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, upstream and downstream sites were classified as partially supporting before and after the onset of ASR facility operations. Fish community trophic status and tolerance groups generally were similar among sites during the study period. Fish community Little Arkansas River Basin Index of Biotic Integrity scores at the upstream and downstream sites were indicative of fair-to-good conditions before the facility began operating and decreased to fair conditions after the facility began operating.
Groundwater physicochemical changes concurrent with the beginning of recharge operations at the Sedgwick basin were more pronounced in shallow groundwater. No constituent concentrations in the pre-recharge period in comparison to the post-recharge period increased to concentrations exceeding drinking water regulations; however, nitrate decreased significantly from a pre-recharge exceedance of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level to a post recharge nonexceedance. Shallow groundwater chemical concentrations or rates of detection increased after artificial recharge began for the ions potassium, chloride, and fluoride; phosphorus and organic carbon species; trace elements barium, manganese, nickel, arsenate, arsenic, and boron; agricultural pesticides atrazine, metolachlor, metribuzin, and simazine; organic disinfection byproducts bromodichloromethane and trichloromethane; and gross beta levels. Additionally, water temperature, and pH were larger after recharge began; and total solids and slime-forming bacteria concentrations and densities were smaller. Total solids, nitrate, and selenium significantly decreased; and potassium, chloride, nickel, arsenic, fluoride, phosphorus and carbon species, and gross beta levels significantly increased in shallow groundwater after artificial recharge. Results of biological activity reaction tests indicated that water quality microbiology was different before and after artificial recharge began; at times, these differences may lead to changes in dominant bacterial populations that, in turn, may lead to formation and expansion in populations that may cause bioplugging and other unwanted effects. Calcite, iron (II) hydroxide, hydroxyapatite, and similar minerals, had shifts in saturation indices that generally were from undersaturation toward equilibrium and, in some cases, toward oversaturation. These shifts toward neutral saturation indices might suggest reduced weathering of the minerals present in the Equus Beds aquifer. Chemical weathering in the shallow parts of the aquifer may be accelerated because of the increased water temperatures and the system is more vulnerable to clogged pores and mineral dissolution as the equilibrium state is affected by recharge and withdrawal. When oversaturation is indicated for iron minerals, plugging of aquifer materials may happen.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Stone, M.L., Garrett, J.D., Poulton, B.C., and Ziegler, A.C., 2016, Effects of aquifer storage and recovery activities on water quality in the Little Arkansas River and Equus Beds aquifer, south-central Kansas, 2011–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5024, 88 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165042.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 88 p.; Appendix Files","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068666","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325362,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5042/sir20165042.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5024"},{"id":325361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5042/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325363,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5042/sir20165042_appendixtables.xlsx","text":"Appendix Files","size":"199 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5024 Appendix Files"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.70416259765625,\n 38.10106333042556\n ],\n [\n -97.57232666015625,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -97.57781982421875,\n 38.08160859009049\n ],\n [\n -97.55035400390625,\n 38.0545795282119\n ],\n [\n -97.525634765625,\n 38.019967758742766\n ],\n [\n -97.48580932617188,\n 38.01239425385966\n ],\n [\n -97.43499755859374,\n 37.94203148678865\n ],\n [\n -97.42813110351562,\n 37.90845010709064\n ],\n [\n -97.36221313476562,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -97.46520996093749,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -97.47894287109375,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -97.50640869140625,\n 37.820632846207864\n ],\n [\n -97.52838134765624,\n 37.83473402375478\n ],\n [\n -97.57095336914062,\n 37.85859141570558\n ],\n [\n -97.61764526367188,\n 37.87702138607635\n ],\n [\n -97.67120361328125,\n 37.88677656291023\n ],\n [\n -97.70278930664062,\n 37.898697801966094\n ],\n [\n -97.70416259765625,\n 38.10106333042556\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place Lawrence, KS 66049