{"pageNumber":"1052","pageRowStart":"26275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46735,"records":[{"id":87332,"text":"87332 - 2003 - Introduction to fire danger rating and remote sensing - Will remote sensing enhance wildland fire danger prediction?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T12:34:44","indexId":"87332","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5391,"text":"Series in Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"4","chapter":"1","title":"Introduction to fire danger rating and remote sensing - Will remote sensing enhance wildland fire danger prediction?","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_body\"><div class=\"NLM_book-part\"><div class=\"NLM_book-part-meta\"><div class=\"NLM_abstract\"><p>While ‘Fire Danger’ <i>per se</i> cannot be measured, the physical properties of the biotic and abiotic world that relate to fire occurrence and fire behavior can. Today, increasingly sophisticated Remote Sensing methods are being developed to more accurately detect fuel properties such as species composition (fuel types), vegetation structure or plant water content - to name a few. Based on meteorological input data and physical, semi-physical or empirical model calculations, Wildland Fire Danger Rating Systems provide ‘indirect values’ - numerical indices - at different temporal scales (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly) denoting the physical conditions that may lead to fire ignition and support fire propagation. The results can be expressed as fire danger levels, ranging from ‘low’ to ‘very high’, and are commonly used in operational wildland fire management (e.g., the Canadian Fire Weather Index [FWI] System, the Russian Nesterov Index, or the U.S. National Fire Danger Rating System [NFDRS]). Today, fire danger levels are often turned into broad scale maps with the help of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) showing the areas with the different fire danger levels, and are distributed via the World Wide Web.</p><p>In this chapter we will outline some key issues dealing with Remote Sensing and GIS techniques that are covered in the following chapters, and elaborate how the Fire Danger Rating concepts could be integrated into a framework that enables comprehensive and sustainable wildland fire risk assessment. To do so, we will first raise some general thoughts about wildland fires and suggest how to approach this extremely complex phenomenon. Second, we will outline a possible fire risk analysis framework and third we will give a short overview on existing Fire Danger Rating Systems and the principles behind them.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"citedBySection\" class=\"citedBySection\"><strong></strong></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildland fire danger estimation and mapping: The role of remote sensing data (Series in Remote Sensing volume 4)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789812791177_0001","isbn":"978-981-238-569-7 ","usgsCitation":"Allgower, B., Carlson, J., and Van Wagtendonk, J.W., 2003, Introduction to fire danger rating and remote sensing - Will remote sensing enhance wildland fire danger prediction?, chap. 1 <i>of</i> Wildland fire danger estimation and mapping: The role of remote sensing data (Series in Remote Sensing volume 4): Series in Remote Sensing, v. 4, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812791177_0001.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bee4b07f02db5d13d0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chuvieco, Emilio","contributorId":80192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chuvieco","given":"Emilio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505013,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Allgower, Britta","contributorId":93421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allgower","given":"Britta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, J.D.","contributorId":103983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Wagtendonk, Jan W. jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","contributorId":2648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wagtendonk","given":"Jan","email":"jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70181813,"text":"70181813 - 2003 - Western crevice and cavity-roosting bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T13:59:59","indexId":"70181813","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Western crevice and cavity-roosting bats","docAbstract":"<p> Among the 45 species of bats that occur in the United States (U.S.), 34 species regularly occur in western regions of the country. Many of these “western” species choose roost sites in crevices or cavities. Herein we provide an introduction to the biology of bats that roost in cavities and crevices and assess the challenges and opportunities associated with monitoring their populations. We reviewed recent studies and examined the U.S. Geological Survey Bat Population Database (BPD) for records of western bats using crevice and cavity roosts. We found records of 25 species of western bats that use crevice or cavity roosts for at least part of their annual cycle. There were relatively few (n = 92) observations or counts for these species in the BPD, representing only 6% of the observations in the database. This paucity of records likely reflects the difficulty of observing bats in such situations rather than actual use. We found no long-term data adequate for population trend analysis among this group of bats. Since the development of miniaturized radio transmitters, our knowledge about bats that roost in cavities and crevices has increased. Future challenges associated with monitoring these species will include understanding variability in the types of roosts used as well as the roost-switching behavior exhibited by many species. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monitoring trends in bat populations of the United States and territories: Problems and prospects (Information and Technology Report 2003-0003)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Bogan, M., Cryan, P.M., Valdez, E.W., Ellison, L.E., and O’Shea, T.J., 2003, Western crevice and cavity-roosting bats, chap. <i>of</i> Monitoring trends in bat populations of the United States and territories: Problems and prospects (Information and Technology Report 2003-0003), p. 69-77.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/2003/0003/report.pdf#page=79"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42537e4b0c825128ad447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bogan, Michael A.","contributorId":27128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"Michael A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valdez, Ernest W. 0000-0002-7262-3069 ernie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-3069","contributorId":3600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"Ernest","email":"ernie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. osheat@usgs.gov","contributorId":2327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"osheat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":668697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70180874,"text":"70180874 - 2003 - Western crevice and cavity-roosting bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T10:58:58","indexId":"70180874","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Western crevice and cavity-roosting bats","docAbstract":"<p>Among the 45 species of bats that occur in the United States (U.S.), 34 species regularly occur in western regions of the country. Many of these “western” species choose roost sites in crevices or cavities. Herein we provide an introduction to the biology of bats that roost in cavities and crevices and assess the challenges and opportunities associated with monitoring their populations. We reviewed recent studies and examined the U.S. Geological Survey Bat Population Database (BPD) for records of western bats using crevice and cavity roosts. We found records of 25 species of western bats that use crevice or cavity roosts for at least part of their annual cycle. There were relatively few (n = 92) observations or counts for these species in the BPD, representing only 6% of the observations in the database. This paucity of records likely reflects the difficulty of observing bats in such situations rather than actual use. We found no long-term data adequate for population trend analysis among this group of bats. Since the development of miniaturized radio transmitters, our knowledge about bats that roost in cavities and crevices has increased. Future challenges associated with monitoring these species will include understanding variability in the types of roosts used as well as the roost-switching behavior exhibited by many species. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monitoring trends in bat populations of the United States and territories: Problems and prospects (Information and Technology Report 2003-0003)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Bogan, M., Cryan, P.M., Valdez, E.W., Ellison, L.E., and O’Shea, T.J., 2003, Western crevice and cavity-roosting bats, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334812,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/2003/0003/report.pdf#page=79"},{"id":334813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58999945e4b0efcedb71a0bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bogan, Michael A.","contributorId":27128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"Michael A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valdez, Ernest W. 0000-0002-7262-3069 ernie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-3069","contributorId":3600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"Ernest","email":"ernie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. osheat@usgs.gov","contributorId":2327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"osheat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1015289,"text":"1015289 - 2003 - The effects of bird use on nutrient removal in a constructed wastewater-treatment wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T10:29:55","indexId":"1015289","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of bird use on nutrient removal in a constructed wastewater-treatment wetland","docAbstract":"<p>A 9.9-ha constructed wetland designed to reduce nitrogen in municipal wastewater following conventional secondary treatment began operating in southern California's San Jacinto Valley in September 1994. The wetland incorporated zones of bulrush (<i>Schoenoplectus acutus</i> and <i>S. californicus</i>) for effluent treatment, plus areas of 1.8-m deep open water and other features to benefit wintering waterfowl. A one-year long program to monitor bird use and evaluate their contribution to loadings of nitrogen and phosphorus was initiated seven months later and a second, four-month long period of monitoring was initiated after a 20-month hiatus. Daily bird use peaked at nearly 12,000 individuals during the second period. Estimates of maximum daily nitrogen and phosphorus input by birds were 139 g N ha<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> and 56 g P ha<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>. Following a reconfiguration of the wetland that increased the area of open water, a third year-long period of monitoring was initiated in September 2000. Estimated maximum daily loading attributable to birds during this period reached 312 g N ha<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> and 124 g P ha<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>. These levels represent only 2.6% and 7.0%, respectively, of the mean daily loads of N and P in inflow water from the wastewater-treatment plant. Wintering waterfowl contributed the most to nutrient loading, but the numerically dominant species was the colonial Red-winged Blackbird (<i>Agelaius phoeniceus</i>). The wetland's nutrient-removal efficiency was negatively correlated to bird loading. However, the greatest bird loading occurred during November to March, when winter conditions would reduce microbial nutrient-removal processes and plant uptake in the wetland. Multiple regression analysis indicated that variation in nutrient removal efficiency over a one-year period was best explained by wetland water temperature (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.21) and that little additional insight was gained by adding bird loading and inflow nutrient load data (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.22). This case study supports the concept that a constructed wetland can be designed both to reduce nutrients in municipal wastewater and to provide habitat for wetland birds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/17-20","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., Sartoris, J., Thullen, J., and Reusch, P., 2003, The effects of bird use on nutrient removal in a constructed wastewater-treatment wetland: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 2, p. 423-435, https://doi.org/10.1672/17-20.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"435","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sartoris, J.J.","contributorId":84310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartoris","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thullen, J.S.","contributorId":16361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thullen","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reusch, P.G.","contributorId":25901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reusch","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1000852,"text":"1000852 - 2003 - Estimating parasitic sea lamprey abundance in Lake Huron from heterogenous data sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T13:42:08","indexId":"1000852","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating parasitic sea lamprey abundance in Lake Huron from heterogenous data sources","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Great Lakes Fishery Commission uses time series of transformer, parasitic, and spawning population estimates to evaluate the effectiveness of its sea lamprey (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) control program. This study used an inverse variance weighting method to integrate Lake Huron sea lamprey population estimates derived from two estimation procedures: 1) prediction of the lake-wide spawning population from a regression model based on stream size and, 2) whole-lake mark and recapture estimates. In addition, we used a re-sampling procedure to evaluate the effect of trading off sampling effort between the regression and mark-recapture models. Population estimates derived from the regression model ranged from 132,000 to 377,000 while mark-recapture estimates of marked recently metamorphosed juveniles and parasitic sea lampreys ranged from 536,000 to 634,000 and 484,000 to 1,608,000, respectively. The precision of the estimates varied greatly among estimation procedures and years. The integrated estimate of the mark-recapture and spawner regression procedures ranged from 252,000 to 702,000 transformers. The re-sampling procedure indicated that the regression model is more sensitive to reduction in sampling effort than the mark-recapture model. Reliance on either the regression or mark-recapture model alone could produce misleading estimates of abundance of sea lampreys and the effect of the control program on sea lamprey abundance. These analyses indicate that the precision of the lakewide population estimate can be maximized by re-allocating sampling effort from marking sea lampreys to trapping additional streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70490-0","usgsCitation":"Young, R.J., Jones, M., Bence, J., McDonald, R., Mullett, K.M., and Bergstedt, R.A., 2003, Estimating parasitic sea lamprey abundance in Lake Huron from heterogenous data sources: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 214-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70490-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"225","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc8ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bence, James R.","contributorId":95026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bence","given":"James R.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, Rodney B.","contributorId":105678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Rodney B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mullett, Katherine M.","contributorId":70733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullett","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70179865,"text":"70179865 - 2003 - Gas bubble disease in resident fish below Grand Coulee Dam: final report of research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T11:46:48","indexId":"70179865","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Gas bubble disease in resident fish below Grand Coulee Dam: final report of research","docAbstract":"<p>Fish kills have occurred in the reservoir below Grand Coulee Dam possibly due to total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS), which occurs when water cascades over a dam or waterfall. The highest TDGS below Grand Coulee Dam has occurred after spilling water via the outlet tubes, though TDGS from upstream sources has also been recorded. Exposure to TDGS can cause gas bubble disease in aquatic organisms. This disease, analogous to ‘the bends’ in human divers, can range from mild to fatal depending on the level of supersaturation, species, life cycle stage, condition of the fish, fish depth, and the water temperature. The USGS, Western Fisheries Research Center’s Columbia River Research Laboratory conducted field and laboratory experiments to determine the relative risks of TDGS to various species of fish in the reservoir below the dam (Rufus Woods Lake). Field work included examination of over 8000 resident fish for signs of gas bubble disease, examination of the annual growth increments of several species relative to ambient TDGS, and recording the in-situ depths and temperatures of several species using miniature recorders surgically implanted in both resident fish and triploid steelhead reared in commercial net pens. Laboratory experiments included bioassays of the progression of signs and mortality of several species at various TDGS levels. The overarching objective of these studies was to provide data to enable sound management decisions regarding the effects of TDGS in the reservoir below Grand Coulee Dam, though the data may also be applicable to other locations. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","publisherLocation":"Boise, ID","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J., Venditti, D., Morris, R., Gadomski, D., Adams, B., Vanderkooi, S., Robinson, T., and Maule, A., 2003, Gas bubble disease in resident fish below Grand Coulee Dam: final report of research, iv., 159 p. .","productDescription":"iv., 159 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wfrc.usgs.gov/publications/reportpdf/usgsfrgbdgrandcouleedam.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Grand Coulee Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.9984130859375,\n              47.980959756525635\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.95996093749999,\n              47.9839472330482\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.93043518066405,\n              47.952685075446546\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91258239746092,\n              47.958663127446556\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.90331268310547,\n              47.93543681942298\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.94451141357422,\n              47.92071375635142\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00081634521483,\n              47.93934692855592\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.99772644042969,\n              47.94969579007753\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.99532318115234,\n              47.97613346768237\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.9984130859375,\n              47.980959756525635\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dee2e4b01192927d9fbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Venditti, D.A.","contributorId":74536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venditti","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, R.G.","contributorId":24242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gadomski, D.M.","contributorId":37101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadomski","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, B.J.","contributorId":178459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vanderkooi, S.J.","contributorId":178460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vanderkooi","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robinson, T.C.","contributorId":178452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1001018,"text":"1001018 - 2003 - Comparison of spring measures of length, weight, and condition factor for predicting metamorphosis in two populations of sea lampreys (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T16:48:31","indexId":"1001018","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of spring measures of length, weight, and condition factor for predicting metamorphosis in two populations of sea lampreys (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) larvae","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ability to predict when sea lampreys (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) will metamorphose from the larval phase to the parasitic phase is essential to the operation of the sea lamprey control program. During the spring of 1994, two populations of sea lamprey larvae from two rivers were captured, measured, weighed, implanted with coded wire tags, and returned to the same sites in the streams from which they were taken. Sea lampreys were recovered in the fall, after metamorphosis would have occurred, and checked for the presence of a tag. When the spring data were compared to the fall data it was found that the minimum requirements (length &ge; 120 mm, weight &ge; 3 g, and condition factor &ge; 1.50) suggested for metamorphosis did define a pool of larvae capable of metamorphosing. However, logistic regressions that relate the probability of metamorphosis to size are necessary to predict metamorphosis in a population. The data indicated, based on cross-validation, that weight measurements alone predicted metamorphosis with greater precision than length or condition factor in both the Marengo and Amnicon rivers. Based on the Akaike Information Criterion, weight alone was a better predictor in the Amnicon River, but length and condition factor combined predicted metamorphosis better in the Marengo River. There would be no additional cost if weight alone were used instead of length. However, if length and weight were measured the gain in predictive power would not be enough to justify the additional cost.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70489-4","usgsCitation":"Henson, M.P., Bergstedt, R.A., and Adams, J.V., 2003, Comparison of spring measures of length, weight, and condition factor for predicting metamorphosis in two populations of sea lampreys (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) larvae: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 204-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70489-4.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"213","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henson, Mary P.","contributorId":74724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187946,"text":"70187946 - 2003 - USGS Alaska Tissue Archival Projects: An update on FY02 activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T16:55:20","indexId":"70187946","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS Alaska Tissue Archival Projects: An update on FY02 activities","docAbstract":"<p>The banking of environmental specimens under cryogenic conditions for future retrospective analysis has been recognized for many years as an important part of environmental monitoring programs. Since 1987, the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) has been collecting tissue samples from marine mammals for archival in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank (NBSB) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. The USGS, Alaska Biological Science Center (ABSC), the NOAA Fisheries, Office of Protected Resources (NMFS), and the NIST conduct this partnership project, which began under the Mineral Management Service (MMS) Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program. MMS remains the primary client agency for the AMMTAP providing programmatic guidance and review. The purpose of the project is to collect tissue samples from Alaska marine mammals and to store these specimens under the best conditions so that they can be analyzed for environmental contaminants and other constituents. A substantial part of the sample collection is from Arctic species and, since most of the animals sampled are from Alaska Native subsistence harvests, the project relies on cooperation and collaboration with several Alaska Native organizations and local governmental agencies. </p><p>Although a substantial amount of recent research has been conducted on contaminants in Alaskan marine mammals, few data exists on colonial seabirds nesting in Alaska. Like marine mammals, seabirds are an important group of upper trophic level marine organisms with a potential for accumulating lipophilic contaminants and are identified by MMS as species of interest for monitoring activities. More than 95% of the seabirds breeding in the continental United States nest at colonies in the Bering and Chukchi seas and Gulf of Alaska (see USFWS 1992). Realizing the value of colonial seabirds in environmental monitoring and the lack of recent data from Alaskan seabird colonies, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS-AMNWR), the U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division (USGS-BRD), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) initiated the Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) in 1998. The project was designed as a 100-year-long program to monitor long-term trends in environmental quality by collecting eggs at nesting colonies using standardized protocols, banking the egg contents under conditions that ensure chemical stability during long-term (decadal) storage, and analyzing subsamples of the stored material to establish baseline levels for persistent bioaccumulative contaminants (e.g., chlorinated pesticides, PCBs, mercury).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ninth information transfer meeting and Barrow information update meeting: Final proceedings (MMS 2003-042)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Ninth Information Transfer Meeting and Barrow Information Update Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 10-12, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Minerals Management Service","usgsCitation":"Weston-York, G., 2003, USGS Alaska Tissue Archival Projects: An update on FY02 activities, <i>in</i> Ninth information transfer meeting and Barrow information update meeting: Final proceedings (MMS 2003-042), Anchorage, AK, March 10-12, 2003, p. 63-65.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"65","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341735,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.boem.gov/Alaska-Reports-2003/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb9e4b0b7ff9fb4897f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weston-York, Geoff","contributorId":139571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weston-York","given":"Geoff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185121,"text":"70185121 - 2003 - Immobilization of cobalt by sulfate-reducing bacteria in subsurface sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:45:19","indexId":"70185121","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1800,"text":"Geomicrobiology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immobilization of cobalt by sulfate-reducing bacteria in subsurface sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigated the impact of sulfate-reduction on immobilization of metals in subsurface aquifers. Co 2+ was used as a model for heavy metals. Factors limiting sulfate-reduction dependent Co 2+ immobilization were tested on pure cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria, and in sediment columns from a landfill leachate contaminated aquifer. In the presence of 1 mM Co 2+ , the growth of pure cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria was not impacted. Cultures of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Desulfotomaculum gibsoniae , and Desulfomicrobium hypogeia removed greater than 99.99% of the soluble Co 2+ when CoCl 2 was used with no chelators. The above cultures and Desulfoarcula baarsi removed 98-99.94% of the soluble Co(II) when the metal was complexed with the model ligand nitrilotriacetate (Co-NTA). Factors controlling the rate of sulfate-reduction based Co 2+ precipitation were investigated in sediment-cobalt mixtures. Several electron donors were tested and all but toluene accelerated soluble Co 2+ loss. Ethanol and formate showed the greatest stimulation. All complex nitrogen sources tested slowed and decreased the extent of Co 2+ removal from solution relative to formate-amended sediment incubations. A range of pH values were tested (6.35-7.81), with the more alkaline incubations exhibiting the largest precipitation of Co 2+ . The immobilization of Co 2+ in sediments was also investigated with cores to monitor the flow of Co 2+ through undisturbed sediments. An increase in the amount of Co 2+ immobilized as CoS was observed as sulfate reduction activity was stimulated in flow through columns. Both pure culture and sediment incubation data indicate that stimulation of sulfate reduction is a viable strategy in the immobilization of contaminating metals in subsurface systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01490450303892","usgsCitation":"Krumholz, L.R., Elias, D.A., and Suflita, J.M., 2003, Immobilization of cobalt by sulfate-reducing bacteria in subsurface sediments: Geomicrobiology Journal, v. 20, no. 1, p. 61-72, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450303892.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d3e4b0849ce97c86e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krumholz, Lee R.","contributorId":187679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krumholz","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elias, Dwayne A.","contributorId":189299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elias","given":"Dwayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suflita, Joseph M.","contributorId":187604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suflita","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025899,"text":"70025899 - 2003 - Variance in prey abundance influences time budgets of breeding seabirds: Evidence from pigeon guillemots Cepphus columba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:35:22","indexId":"70025899","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variance in prey abundance influences time budgets of breeding seabirds: Evidence from pigeon guillemots Cepphus columba","docAbstract":"We use data on pigeon guillemots Cepphus columba to test the hypothesis that discretionary time in breeding seabirds is correlated with variance in prey abundance. We measured the amount of time that guillemots spent at the colony before delivering fish to chicks (\"resting time\") in relation to fish abundance as measured by beach seines and bottom trawls. Radio telemetry showed that resting time was inversely correlated with time spent diving for fish during foraging trips (r = -0.95). Pigeon guillemots fed their chicks either Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus, a schooling midwater fish, which exhibited high interannual variance in abundance (CV = 181%), or a variety of non-schooling demersal fishes, which were less variable in abundance (average CV = 111%). Average resting times were 46% higher at colonies where schooling prey dominated the diet. Individuals at these colonies reduced resting times 32% during years of low food abundance, but did not reduce meal delivery rates. In contrast, individuals feeding on non-schooling fishes did not reduce resting times during low food years, but did reduce meal delivery rates by 27%. Interannual variance in resting times was greater for the schooling group than for the non-schooling group. We conclude from these differences that time allocation in pigeon guillemots is more flexible when variable schooling prey dominate diets. Resting times were also 27% lower for individuals feeding two-chick rather than one-chick broods. The combined effects of diet and brood size on adult time budgets may help to explain higher rates of brood reduction for pigeon guillemot chicks fed non-schooling fishes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.02995.x","issn":"09088857","usgsCitation":"Litzow, M.A., and Piatt, J.F., 2003, Variance in prey abundance influences time budgets of breeding seabirds: Evidence from pigeon guillemots Cepphus columba: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 54-64, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.02995.x.","startPage":"54","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208751,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.02995.x"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc14ce4b08c986b32a4fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litzow, Michael A.","contributorId":8789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litzow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001794,"text":"1001794 - 2003 - Sampling designs for carnivore scent-station surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:58:22.934155","indexId":"1001794","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling designs for carnivore scent-station surveys","docAbstract":"<p>Scent<span>&nbsp;stations usually are deployed in clusters to expedite data collection and increase the number of stations that can be operated for a given cost. Presumed benefits of cluster&nbsp;</span>sampling<span>&nbsp;may not be realized, however, unless cluster sizes are chosen with respect to&nbsp;</span>sampling<span>&nbsp;variation within and among clusters. To encourage and facilitate the use of efficient&nbsp;</span>designs<span>&nbsp;and reporting standards, we used data collected in Minnesota, USA, during 1986-1991 to (1) compare the performance of&nbsp;</span>survey<span>&nbsp;</span>designs<span>&nbsp;with various numbers of stations/cluster; (2) estimate relations between required sample sizes and visitation rates, changes in visitation rates, and error rates; and (3) compare 2 measures of&nbsp;</span>carnivore<span>&nbsp;response: proportions of&nbsp;</span>scent<span>&nbsp;stations (</span>station<span>&nbsp;index) and proportions of clusters (line index) visited by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Despite broad ecological differences between the species, results were similar for foxes and skunks. Foxes visited 2-21% of stations and 15-84% of lines. Skunks visited 1-16% of stations and 3-54% of lines.&nbsp;</span>Station<span>&nbsp;and line indices were closely related (r</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;&gt; 0.86) and were similarly sensitive indicators of change in visitation rates. Low visitation rates greatly limited the potential usefulness of&nbsp;</span>scent<span>-</span>station<span>&nbsp;</span>surveys<span>&nbsp;because required minimum sample sizes increased exponentially as visitation rates decreased. For visitation rates below 5-10%, required minimum sample sizes were very large and difficult to anticipate. Relative to single-stage&nbsp;</span>sampling<span>, cluster&nbsp;</span>sampling<span>&nbsp;with 10 stations/cluster inflated sample variances, hence sample sizes required to achieve a fixed level of precision, by a factor of 1.6-2.2. Cluster&nbsp;</span>sampling<span>&nbsp;is advantageous only when cost savings permit increases in sample sizes that outweigh concomitant increases in&nbsp;</span>sampling<span>&nbsp;variability. Costs and&nbsp;</span>sampling<span>&nbsp;variation both should be considered when choosing&nbsp;</span>survey<span>&nbsp;</span>designs<span>, and&nbsp;</span>designs<span>&nbsp;should be evaluated and refined as data accumulate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802770","usgsCitation":"Sargeant, G., Johnson, D.H., and Berg, W.E., 2003, Sampling designs for carnivore scent-station surveys: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 67, no. 2, p. 289-299, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802770.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"299","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.62646484375,\n              48.019324184801185\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.98876953125,\n              48.25394114463431\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.57080078125,\n              48.472921272487824\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.85595703125,\n              49.33944093715546\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.11962890625,\n              49.410973199695846\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.20751953125,\n              48.96579381461063\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.27294921875,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9873046875,\n              47.78363463526376\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8115234375,\n              46.84516443029276\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5478515625,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8994140625,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.416015625,\n              45.30580259943578\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.43798828125,\n              43.54854811091286\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.318359375,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.29638671875,\n              43.91372326852401\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.14208984375,\n              44.933696389694674\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.59277343749999,\n              45.47554027158593\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.8564453125,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.2412109375,\n              46.195042108660154\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.08740234375,\n              46.830133640447386\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.62646484375,\n              48.019324184801185\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fde1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargeant, G.A.","contributorId":51681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berg, W. E.","contributorId":102424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70159628,"text":"70159628 - 2003 - The collaborative historical African rainfall model: description and evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:13:17","indexId":"70159628","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The collaborative historical African rainfall model: description and evaluation","docAbstract":"<div class=\"para\">\n<p>In Africa the variability of rainfall in space and time is high, and the general availability of historical gauge data is low. This makes many food security and hydrologic preparedness activities difficult. In order to help overcome this limitation, we have created the Collaborative Historical African Rainfall Model (CHARM). CHARM combines three sources of information: climatologically aided interpolated (CAI) rainfall grids (monthly/0.5&deg; ), National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis precipitation fields (daily/1.875&deg; ) and orographic enhancement estimates (daily/0.1&deg; ). The first set of weights scales the daily reanalysis precipitation fields to match the gridded CAI monthly rainfall time series. This produces data with a daily/0.5&deg; resolution. A diagnostic model of orographic precipitation, VDELB&mdash;based on the dot-product of the surface wind&nbsp;<i>V</i>&nbsp;and terrain gradient (DEL) and atmospheric buoyancy&nbsp;<i>B</i>&mdash;is then used to estimate the precipitation enhancement produced by complex terrain. Although the data are produced on 0.1&deg; grids to facilitate integration with satellite-based rainfall estimates, the &lsquo;true&rsquo; resolution of the data will be less than this value, and varies with station density, topography, and precipitation dynamics. The CHARM is best suited, therefore, to applications that integrate rainfall or rainfall-driven model results over large regions.</p>\n</div>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>The CHARM time series is compared with three independent datasets: dekadal satellite-based rainfall estimates across the continent, dekadal interpolated gauge data in Mali, and daily interpolated gauge data in western Kenya. These comparisons suggest reasonable accuracies (standard errors of about half a standard deviation) when data are aggregated to regional scales, even at daily time steps. Thus constrained, numerical weather prediction precipitation fields do a reasonable job of representing large-scale diurnal variations.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/joc.866","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., Michaelsen, J.C., Verdin, J.P., Artan, G.A., Husak, G., Senay, G.B., Gadain, H., and Magadazire, T., 2003, The collaborative historical African rainfall model: description and evaluation: International Journal of Climatology, v. 23, no. 1, p. 47-66, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.866.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717e3e4b0e2669b313133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michaelsen, Joel C.","contributorId":91790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelsen","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Husak, Gregory","contributorId":145811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Husak","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gadain, Hussein","contributorId":6255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadain","given":"Hussein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Magadazire, Tamuka","contributorId":149842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magadazire","given":"Tamuka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1000996,"text":"1000996 - 2003 - Planning and executing a lampricide treatment of the St. Marys River using georeferenced data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:45","indexId":"1000996","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planning and executing a lampricide treatment of the St. Marys River using georeferenced data","docAbstract":"The St. Marys River is believed to be the primary source of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in Lake Huron. Planning or evaluating lampricide treatments required knowing where lampricides could effectively be placed and where larvae were located. Accurate maps of larval density were therefore critical to formulating or evaluating management strategies using lampricides. Larval abundance was systematically assessed with a deepwater electrofishing device at 12,000 georeferenced locations during 1993 to 1996. Maps were produced from catches at those locations, providing georeferenced detail previously unavailable. Catches were processed with a geographic information system (GIS), to create a map of larval density. Whole-river treatment scenarios using TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) were evaluated by combining the map with one of lethal conditions predicted by a lampricide-transport model. The map was also used to evaluate spot treatment scenarios with a granular, bottom-release formulation of another lampricide, Bayluscide (2',5-dichloro-4'-nitro-salicylanilide). Potential high-density plots for Bayluscide treatment were selected from the map and estimates of area, cost, and larval population were developed using the GIS. Plots were ranked by the cost per larva killed. Spot treatments were found to be more cost effective than a conventional TFM treatment and Bayluscide was applied to 82 ha in 1998 and 759 ha in 1999. Effectiveness was estimated with stratified-random sampling before and after treatment in 1999 at 35%. Ten percent already had been removed in 1998, for a total reduction of 45% percent. This marked a change in how research and planning were combined in sea lamprey management to minimize treatment costs and evaluate success.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Fodale, M.F., Bergstedt, R.A., Cuddy, D.W., Adams, J.V., and Stolyarenko, D.A., 2003, Planning and executing a lampricide treatment of the St. Marys River using georeferenced data: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 706-716.","productDescription":"p. 706-716","startPage":"706","endPage":"716","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68521e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fodale, Michael F.","contributorId":18309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodale","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuddy, Douglas W.","contributorId":77474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuddy","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stolyarenko, Dimitri A.","contributorId":8813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolyarenko","given":"Dimitri","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024857,"text":"70024857 - 2003 - Fracture network of the Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale, east-central Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024857","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fracture network of the Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale, east-central Utah, USA","docAbstract":"The fracture network at the outcrop of the Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale was studied to gain an understanding of the tectonic history of the region and to contribute data to studies of gas and water transmissivity related to the occurrence and production of coal-bed methane. About 1900 fracture readings were made at 40 coal outcrops and 62 sandstone outcrops in the area from Willow Springs Wash in the south to Farnham dome in the north of the study area in east-central Utah.Two sets of regional, vertical to nearly vertical, systematic face cleats were identified in Ferron coals. A northwest-striking set trends at a mean azimuth of 321??, and a northeast-striking set has a mean azimuth of 55??. Cleats were observed in all coal outcrops examined and are closely spaced and commonly coated with thin films of iron oxide.Two sets of regional, systematic joint sets in sandstone were also identified and have mean azimuths of 321?? and 34??. The joints of each set are planar, long, and extend vertically to nearly vertically through multiple beds; the northeast-striking set is more prevalent than the northwest-striking set. In some places, joints of the northeast-striking set occur in closely spaced clusters, or joint zones, flanked by unjointed rock. Both sets are mineralized with iron oxide and calcite, and the northwest-striking set is commonly tightly cemented, which allowed the northeast-striking set to propagate across it. All cleats and joints of these sets are interpreted as opening-mode (mode I) fractures. Abutting relations indicate that the northwest-striking cleats and joints formed first and were later overprinted by the northeast-striking cleats and joints. Burial curves constructed for the Ferron indicate rapid initial burial after deposition. The Ferron reached a depth of 3000 ft (1000 m) within 5.2 million years (m.y.), and this is considered a minimum depth and time for development of cleats and joints. The Sevier orogeny produced southeast-directed compressional stress at this time and is thought to be the likely mechanism for the northwest-striking systematic cleats and joints. The onset of the Laramide orogeny occurred at about 75 Ma, within 13.7 m.y. of burial, and is thought to be the probable mechanism for development of the northeast-striking systematic cleats and joints. Uplift of the Ferron in the late Tertiary contributed to development of butt cleats and secondary cross-joints and probably enhanced previously formed fracture sets. Using a study of the younger Blackhawk Formation as an analogy, the fracture pattern of the Ferron in the subsurface is probably similar to that at the surface, at least as far west as the Paradise fault and Joe's Valley graben. Farther to the west, on the Wasatch Plateau, the orientations of Ferron fractures may diverge from those measured at the outcrop. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00080-6","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Condon, S.M., 2003, Fracture network of the Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale, east-central Utah, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 56, no. 1-2, p. 111-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00080-6.","startPage":"111","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207859,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00080-6"},{"id":233107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13b2e4b0c8380cd5474a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Condon, S. M.","contributorId":107688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024954,"text":"70024954 - 2003 - Bottom-current and wind-pattern changes as indicated by Late Glacial and Holocene sediments from western Lake Geneva (Switzerland)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024954","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1448,"text":"Ecologae Geologicae Helvetiae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bottom-current and wind-pattern changes as indicated by Late Glacial and Holocene sediments from western Lake Geneva (Switzerland)","docAbstract":"The Late-Glacial and Holocene sedimentary history of the Hauts-Monts area (western Lake Geneva, Switzerland) is reconstructed combining high resolution seismic stratigraphy and well-dated sedimentary cores. Six reflections and seismic units are defined and represented by individual isopach maps, which are further combined to obtain a three-dimensional age-depth model. Slumps, blank areas and various geometries are identified using these seismic data. The sediment depositional areas have substantially changed throughout the lake during the end of the Late-Glacial and the Holocene. These changes are interpreted as the result of variations in the intensity of deep lake currents and the frequency of strong winds determining the distribution of sediment input from the Versoix River and from reworking of previously deposited sediments within the lacustrine basin. The identified changes in sediment distribution allowed us to reconstruct the lake's deep-current history and the evolution of dominant strong wind regimes from the Preboreal to present times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecologae Geologicae Helvetiae","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"German","issn":"00129402","usgsCitation":"Girardclos, S., Baster, I., Wildi, W., Pugin, A., and Rachoud-Schneider, A.#., 2003, Bottom-current and wind-pattern changes as indicated by Late Glacial and Holocene sediments from western Lake Geneva (Switzerland): Ecologae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 96, no. SPEC.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"SPEC","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f22ee4b0c8380cd4b056","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Girardclos, S.","contributorId":85365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girardclos","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baster, I.","contributorId":78508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baster","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wildi, W.","contributorId":45081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildi","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pugin, A.","contributorId":10953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugin","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rachoud-Schneider, A. #NAME?","contributorId":19335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rachoud-Schneider","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025549,"text":"70025549 - 2003 - Simulation of unsteady flow and solute transport in a tidal river network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-28T16:12:29.677132","indexId":"70025549","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1515,"text":"Engineering Computations (Swansea, Wales)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of unsteady flow and solute transport in a tidal river network","docAbstract":"A mathematical model and numerical method for water flow and solute transport in a tidal river network is presented. The tidal river network is defined as a system of open channels of rivers with junctions and cross sections. As an example, the Pearl River in China is represented by a network of 104 channels, 62 nodes, and a total of 330 cross sections with 11 boundary section for one of the applications. The simulations are performed with a supercomputer for seven scenarios of water flow and/or solute transport in the Pearl River, China, with different hydrological and weather conditions. Comparisons with available data are shown. The intention of this study is to summarize previous works and to provide a useful tool for water environmental management in a tidal river network, particularly for the Pearl River, China.","language":"English","publisher":"MCB UP","doi":"10.1108/02644400310488853","issn":"02644401","usgsCitation":"Zhan, X., 2003, Simulation of unsteady flow and solute transport in a tidal river network: Engineering Computations (Swansea, Wales), v. 20, no. 5-6, p. 754-767, https://doi.org/10.1108/02644400310488853.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"754","endPage":"767","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90b3e4b08c986b319638","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhan, X.","contributorId":26477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000853,"text":"1000853 - 2003 - Selecting Great Lakes streams for lampricide treatment based on larval sea lamprey surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T12:52:08","indexId":"1000853","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selecting Great Lakes streams for lampricide treatment based on larval sea lamprey surveys","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Empiric Stream Treatment Ranking (ESTR) system is a data-driven, model-based, decision tool for selecting Great Lakes streams for treatment with lampricide, based on estimates from larval sea lamprey (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) surveys conducted throughout the basin. The 2000 ESTR system was described and applied to larval assessment surveys conducted from 1996 to 1999. A comparative analysis of stream survey and selection data was conducted and improvements to the stream selection process were recommended. Streams were selected for treatment based on treatment cost, predicted treatment effectiveness, and the projected number of juvenile sea lampreys produced. On average, lampricide treatments were applied annually to 49 streams with 1,075 ha of larval habitat, killing 15 million larval and 514,000 juvenile sea lampreys at a total cost of $5.3 million, and marginal and mean costs of $85 and $10 per juvenile killed. The numbers of juvenile sea lampreys killed for given treatment costs showed a pattern of diminishing returns with increasing investment. Of the streams selected for treatment, those with &gt; 14 ha of larval habitat targeted 73% of the juvenile sea lampreys for 60% of the treatment cost. Suggested improvements to the ESTR system were to improve accuracy and precision of model estimates, account for uncertainty in estimates, include all potentially productive streams in the process (not just those surveyed in the current year), consider the value of all larvae killed during treatment (not just those predicted to metamorphose the following year), use lake-specific estimates of damage, and establish formal suppression targets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70484-5","usgsCitation":"Christie, G.C., Adams, J.V., Steeves, T., Slade, J., Cuddy, D.W., Fodale, M.F., Young, R.J., Kuc, M., and Jones, M., 2003, Selecting Great Lakes streams for lampricide treatment based on larval sea lamprey surveys: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 152-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70484-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"160","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0599","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christie, Gavin C.","contributorId":13937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christie","given":"Gavin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steeves, Todd B.","contributorId":62564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeves","given":"Todd B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slade, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":44890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Jeffrey W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cuddy, Douglas W.","contributorId":77474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuddy","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fodale, Michael F.","contributorId":18309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodale","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kuc, Miroslaw","contributorId":11573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuc","given":"Miroslaw","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70025296,"text":"70025296 - 2003 - New signatures of underground nuclear tests revealed by satellite radar interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T13:11:30","indexId":"70025296","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New signatures of underground nuclear tests revealed by satellite radar interferometry","docAbstract":"New observations of surface displacement caused by past underground nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) are presented using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). The InSAR data reveal both coseismic and postseismic subsidence signals that extend one kilometer or more across regardless of whether or not a surface crater was formed from each test. While surface craters and other coseismic surface effects (ground cracks, etc.) may be detectable using high resolution optical or other remote sensing techniques, these broader, more subtle subsidence signals (one to several centimeters distributed over an area 1-2 kilometers across) are not detectable using other methods [Barker et al., 1998]. A time series of interferograms reveal that the postseismic signals develop and persist for months to years after the tests and that different rates and styles of deformation occur depending on the geologic and hydrologic setting and conditions of the local test area.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018179","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Vincent, P., Larsen, S., Galloway, D., Laczniak, R.J., Walter, W., Foxall, W., and Zucca, J., 2003, New signatures of underground nuclear tests revealed by satellite radar interferometry: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 22, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018179.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6611e4b0c8380cd72cf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vincent, P.","contributorId":96465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, S.","contributorId":37087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, D. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":7895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laczniak, R. J.","contributorId":46104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walter, W.R.","contributorId":33089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foxall, W.","contributorId":31559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxall","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zucca, J.J.","contributorId":104914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zucca","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1002925,"text":"1002925 - 2003 - Environmental fate and effects of the lampricide TFM: a review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:22","indexId":"1002925","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental fate and effects of the lampricide TFM: a review","docAbstract":"Use of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is limited geographically to the Great Lakes basin where it is the principal agent used in control of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). It is clear from available data that TFM has effects on the environment, but the effects reported are transient. Individual organisms and aquatic communities return to pretreatment conditions after lampricide treatments have concluded. TFM is not persistent, is detoxified, and presents minimal long-term toxicological risk. TFM is relatively nontoxic to mammals. Treatment levels do not pose a threat to wildlife. However, TFM is an estrogen agonist and additional testing to define the nature and magnitude of this effect will likely be required. Because stream treatments are done on 3 to 5 year cycles, and exposures are limited to approximately 12 h, minimal risk to aquatic organisms is expected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hubert, T., 2003, Environmental fate and effects of the lampricide TFM: a review: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 456-474.","productDescription":"pp. 456-474","startPage":"456","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6023a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubert, T.D.","contributorId":108066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024914,"text":"70024914 - 2003 - Evaluation of undiscovered natural gas in the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Coal/Wasatch Plateau Total Petroleum System, Wasatch Plateau and Castle Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024914","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of undiscovered natural gas in the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Coal/Wasatch Plateau Total Petroleum System, Wasatch Plateau and Castle Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"The Total Petroleum System approach was used to estimate undiscovered gas potential of the Wasatch Plateau and Castle Valley, central Utah. The Ferron Coal/Wasatch Plateau Total Petroleum System was geologically defined and subdivided into seven assessment units, six of which were formally evaluated. Geologic data considered in defining the assessment unit boundaries included thermal maturity, coal presence and thickness, overburden thickness, and faulting intensity. Historical production data were also used to estimate volumes of gas from undrilled areas. The one conventional assessment unit includes almost the entire area of the petroleum system and is characterized by known accumulations that occur in structural or combination traps in sandstone reservoirs. The estimated undiscovered conventional producible gas that may be added to reserves of this unit ranges from a low (F95) of 14.8 billion cubic feet (BCFG) [419 million cubic meters (Mm3)] of gas to a high (F5) of 82 BCFG [2321 Mm3] and a mean value of 39.9 BCFG [1130 Mm3]. Continuous gas accumulations are those in which the entire assessment unit is considered to be gas-charged. Within these assessment units, there may be wells drilled that are not economic successes but all are expected to contain gas. Coalbed gas is in this continuous category. Mean estimates of undiscovered gas for the five continuous assessment units are: (1) Northern Coal Fairway/Drunkards Wash-752.3 BCFG [21,323 Mm3]; (2) Central Coal Fairway/Buzzard Bench-536.7 BCFG [15,194 Mm3]; (3) Southern Coal Fairway-152.6 BCFG [4320 Mm3]; (4) Deep (6000 feet plus) Coal and Sandstone-59.1 BCFG [1673 Mm3]; (5) Southern Coal Outcrop-10.6 BCFG [300 Mm3]; and Joes Valley and Musinia Grabens-not assessed.The mean estimate of undiscovered gas for the entire TPS is 1551.2 BCFG [43,914 Mm3]. There is a 95% chance that at least 855.7 BCFG [24,225 Mm3] and a 5% chance that at least 2504 BCFG [70,888 Mm3] of undiscovered producible gas remain in the TPS. ?? 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00073-9","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Henry, M.E., and Finn, T., 2003, Evaluation of undiscovered natural gas in the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Coal/Wasatch Plateau Total Petroleum System, Wasatch Plateau and Castle Valley, Utah: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 56, no. 1-2, p. 3-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00073-9.","startPage":"3","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207703,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00073-9"},{"id":232863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d02e4b0c8380cd52daf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, M. E.","contributorId":103734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, T.M. 0000-0001-6396-9351","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-9351","contributorId":65495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026087,"text":"70026087 - 2003 - Seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic coast of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T17:33:47.03821","indexId":"70026087","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic coast of the United States","docAbstract":"<p>The West Indian manatee (<i>Trichechus manatus</i>) is endangered by human activities throughout its range, including the U.S. Atlantic coast where habitat degradation from coastal development and manatee deaths from watercraft collisions have been particularly severe. We radio-tagged and tracked 78 manatees along the east coast of Florida and Georgia over a 12-year period (1986-1998). Our goals were to characterize the seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of manatees in this region in order to provide information for the development of effective conservation strategies. Most study animals were tracked remotely with the Argos satellite system, which yielded a mean (SD) of 3.7 (1.6) locations per day; all were regularly tracked in the field using conventional radiotelemetry methods. The combined data collection effort yielded &gt;93,000 locations over nearly 32,000 tag-days. The median duration of tracking was 8.3 months per individual, but numerous manatees were tracked over multiple years (max = 6.8 years). Most manatees migrated seasonally over large distances between a northerly warm-season range and a southerly winter range (median one-way distance = 280 km, max = 830 km), but 12% of individuals were resident in a relatively small area (&lt;50 km) year-round. The movements of one adult male spanned &gt;2,300 km of coastline between southeastern Florida and Rhode Island. No study animals journeyed to the Gulf coast of Florida. Regions heavily utilized by tagged manatees included: Fernandina Beach, FL to Brunswick, GA in the warm season; northern Biscayne Bay to Port Everglades, FL in the winter; and central coastal Florida, especially the Banana River and northern Indian River lagoons, in all seasons. Daily travel rate, defined as the distance between successive mean daily locations, averaged 2.5 km (SD = 1.7), but this varied with season, migratory pattern, and sex. Adult males traveled a significantly greater distance per day than did adult females for most of the warm season, which corresponded closely with the principal period of breeding activity, but there was no difference between the sexes in daily travel rate during the winter. The timing of seasonal migrations differed markedly between geographic regions. Most long-distance movements in the southern half of the study area occurred between November and March in response to changing temperatures, whereas most migrations in the northern region took place during the warmer, non-winter months. Manatees left their warm-season range in central Florida in response to cold fronts that dropped water temperatures by an average of 2.0??C over the 24-hr period preceding departure. Water temperature at departure from the warm-season range averaged 19??C, but varied among individuals (16-22??C) and was not related to body size or female reproductive status. The presence of industrial warm-water effluents permitted many manatees to overwinter north of their historic winter range, and for some migrants this delayed autumn migrations and facilitated earlier spring migrations. Southward autumn and northward spring migrations lasted an average of 10 and 15 days at mean rates of 33.5 (SD = 7.6) and 27.3 (SD = 10.5) km/day, respectively. The highest rate of travel during migration was 87 km/day (3.6 km/hr) during winter. Manatees overwintering in southeastern Florida often traveled north during mild weather - sometimes reaching their warm-season range - only to return south again with the next major cold front. Manatees were consistent in their seasonal movement patterns across years and showed strong fidelity, to warm-season and winter ranges. Within a season, individuals usually occupied only 1 or 2 core use areas that encompassed about 90% of daily locations. Most manatees returned faithfully to the same seasonal ranges year after year (median distance between range centers was &lt;5 km between years). Seasonal movements of 4 immature manatees tracked as calves with their mothers</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Deutsch, C.J., Reid, J., Bonde, R., Easton, D.E., Kochman, H., and O'Shea, T., 2003, Seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic coast of the United States: Wildlife Monographs, v. 151, p. 1-77.","productDescription":"77 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"77","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.0791015625,\n              32.10118973232094\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.001953125,\n              30.524413269923986\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6396484375,\n              26.509904531413927\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4638671875,\n              25.363882272740256\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.265625,\n              28.92163128242129\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1005859375,\n              28.07198030177986\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8154296875,\n              24.607069137709683\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6728515625,\n              26.115985925333536\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9365234375,\n              28.14950321154457\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              30.334953881988564\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.0791015625,\n              32.10118973232094\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"151","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88c4e4b08c986b316b69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deutsch, C. J.","contributorId":79826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deutsch","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, J.P. 0000-0002-8497-1132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":59372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Easton, Dean E.","contributorId":57784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easton","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kochman, H. I.","contributorId":88296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochman","given":"H. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025944,"text":"70025944 - 2003 - Orbital control of low-latitude seasonality during the Eemian","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T13:53:25","indexId":"70025944","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orbital control of low-latitude seasonality during the Eemian","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used Sr/Ca and stable isotope data from well dated and preserved corals from the northeastern Caribbean to determine the seasonal environmental conditions for four continuous years during the Eemian, the last time the Earth was in a prolonged warm phase. We determined that the seasonal range in SST during the Eemian was 25°–30° C. This is ∼1–2° larger than at present and caused primarily by winter cooling and, only to a small degree, by summer warming. As climate modeling studies indicate, the bias towards colder winters can be explained by changes in low latitude insolation induced by altered orbital parameters, modulated by atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> levels that were lower than today. Milankovitch forcing at higher latitudes was probably less important.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publicatications","doi":"10.1029/2002GL016275","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Winter, A., Paul, A., Nyberg, J., Oba, T., Lundberg, J., Schrag, D., and Taggart, B.E., 2003, Orbital control of low-latitude seasonality during the Eemian: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 4, p. 12-1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016275.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478539,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl016275","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f2de4b0c8380cd7599a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Amos","contributorId":72271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Amos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paul, A.","contributorId":21039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nyberg, J.","contributorId":40095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oba, T.","contributorId":91762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oba","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lundberg, J.","contributorId":78908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schrag, D.","contributorId":15084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrag","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taggart, Bruce E. btaggart@usgs.gov","contributorId":144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"Bruce","email":"btaggart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":407197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1000997,"text":"1000997 - 2003 - Techniques and methods for estimating abundance of larval and metamorphosed sea lampreys in Great Lakes tributaries, 1995 to 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T09:11:16","indexId":"1000997","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Techniques and methods for estimating abundance of larval and metamorphosed sea lampreys in Great Lakes tributaries, 1995 to 2001","docAbstract":"<p>Before 1995, Great Lakes streams were selected for lampricide treatment based primarily on qualitative measures of the relative abundance of larval sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus. New integrated pest management approaches required standardized quantitative measures of sea lamprey. This paper evaluates historical larval assessment techniques and data and describes how new standardized methods for estimating abundance of larval and metamorphosed sea lampreys were developed and implemented. These new methods have been used to estimate larval and metamorphosed sea lamprey abundance in about 100 Great Lakes streams annually and to rank them for lampricide treatment since 1995. Implementation of these methods has provided a quantitative means of selecting streams for treatment based on treatment cost and estimated production of metamorphosed sea lampreys, provided managers with a tool to estimate potential recruitment of sea lampreys to the Great Lakes and the ability to measure the potential consequences of not treating streams, resulting in a more justifiable allocation of resources. The empirical data produced can also be used to simulate the impacts of various control scenarios.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70483-3","usgsCitation":"Slade, J., Adams, J.V., Christie, G.C., Cuddy, D.W., Fodale, M.F., Heinrich, J.W., Quinlan, H., Weise, J.G., Weisser, J.W., and Young, R.J., 2003, Techniques and methods for estimating abundance of larval and metamorphosed sea lampreys in Great Lakes tributaries, 1995 to 2001: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, no. Supplement 1, p. 137-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70483-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"151","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6861c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":44890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Jeffrey W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christie, Gavin C.","contributorId":13937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christie","given":"Gavin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cuddy, Douglas W.","contributorId":77474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuddy","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fodale, Michael F.","contributorId":18309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodale","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heinrich, John W.","contributorId":63754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Quinlan, Henry R.","contributorId":93447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinlan","given":"Henry R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weise, Jerry G.","contributorId":94269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weise","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weisser, John W.","contributorId":95423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisser","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70025291,"text":"70025291 - 2003 - Salton Trough regional deformation estimated from combined trilateration and survey-mode GPS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:41:30.65017","indexId":"70025291","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salton Trough regional deformation estimated from combined trilateration and survey-mode GPS data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span>Salton<span>&nbsp;</span>Trough<span>&nbsp;in southeastern California, United States, has one of the highest seismicity and&nbsp;</span>deformation<span>&nbsp;rates in southern California, including 20 earthquakes M 6 or larger since 1892. From 1972 through 1987, the U.S. Geological&nbsp;</span>Survey<span>&nbsp;(USGS) measured a 41-station&nbsp;</span>trilateration<span>&nbsp;network in this region. We remeasured 37 of the USGS baselines using&nbsp;</span>survey<span>-</span>mode<span>&nbsp;Global Positioning System methods from 1995 through 1999. We estimate the&nbsp;</span>Salton<span>&nbsp;</span>Trough<span>&nbsp;</span>deformation<span>&nbsp;field over a nearly 30-year period through&nbsp;</span>combined<span>&nbsp;analysis of baseline length time series from these two datasets. Our primary result is that strain accumulation has been steady over our observation span, at a resolution of about 0.05 μstrain/yr at 95% confidence, with no evidence for significant long-term strain transients despite the occurrence of seven large&nbsp;</span>regional<span>&nbsp;earthquakes during our observation period. Similar to earlier studies, we find that the&nbsp;</span>regional<span>&nbsp;strain field is consistent with 0.5 ± 0.03 μstrain/yr total engineering shear strain along an axis oriented 311.6° ± 23° east of north, approximately parallel to the strike of the major&nbsp;</span>regional<span>&nbsp;faults, the San Andreas and San Jacinto (all uncertainties in the text and tables are standard deviations unless otherwise noted). We also find that (1) the shear strain rate near the San Jacinto fault is at least as high as it is near the San Andreas fault, (2) the areal dilatation near the southeastern&nbsp;</span>Salton<span>&nbsp;Sea is significant, and (3) one station near the southeastern&nbsp;</span>Salton<span>&nbsp;Sea moved anomalously during the period 1987.95-1995.11.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120030014","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G., Agnew, D., and Johnson, H., 2003, Salton Trough regional deformation estimated from combined trilateration and survey-mode GPS data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 6, p. 2402-2414, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2402","endPage":"2414","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southeast California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.72949218749999,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.345703125,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.345703125,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.72949218749999,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.72949218749999,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab03ae4b0c8380cd879cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, G.","contributorId":26490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agnew, D.C.","contributorId":32186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, H.O.","contributorId":13796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70174256,"text":"70174256 - 2003 - Specific-conductance, water-temperature, and water-level data, San Francisco Bay, California, for water years 2001-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:26:36","indexId":"70174256","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Specific-conductance, water-temperature, and water-level data, San Francisco Bay, California, for water years 2001-2002","docAbstract":"<p>This article presents time-series plots of specific-conductance, water-temperature, and water-level data collected in San Francisco Bay during water years 2001 and 2002 (October 1, 2000, through September 30, 2002). Specific-conductance and water-temperature data were recorded at 15-minute intervals at the following US Geological Survey (USGS) locations (Figure 1): &bull; Suisun Bay at Benicia Bridge, near Benicia, California (BEN) (site # 11455780) &bull; Carquinez Strait at Carquinez Bridge, near Crockett, California (CARQ) (site # 11455820) &bull; Napa River at Mare Island Causeway, near Vallejo, California (NAP) (site # 11458370) &bull; San Pablo Strait at Point San Pablo, California (PSP) (site # 11181360) &bull; San Pablo Bay at Petaluma River Channel Marker 9, California (SPB) (site # 380519122262901) &bull; San Francisco Bay at Presidio Military Reservation, California (PRES) (site # 11162690) &bull; San Francisco Bay at Pier 24, at San Francisco, California (P24) (site # 11162700) &bull; San Francisco Bay at San Mateo Bridge, near Foster City, California (SMB) (site # 11162765). Water-level data were recorded only at PSP through January 1, 2001. Suspended-sediment concentration data also were collected at most of these sites and were published by Buchanan and Ganju (2003). The data from PSP, PRES, P24, and SMB were recorded by the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) before 1988, by the USGS National Research Program from 1988 to 1989, and by the USGSDWR cooperative program since 1990. BEN, CARQ, NAP, and SPB were established in 1998 by the USGS.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, P., 2003, Specific-conductance, water-temperature, and water-level data, San Francisco Bay, California, for water years 2001-2002: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 16, no. 4, p. 25-30.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324773,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324772,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/iep/newsletters/2003/IEPNewsletter_fall2003_mar23.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.41241455078125,\n              38.15723682167875\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.50167846679686,\n              38.120512892298976\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.508544921875,\n              38.04917251752295\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4810791015625,\n              37.98100996893789\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.50717163085938,\n              37.95286091815649\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51678466796874,\n              37.923617790524716\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.50167846679686,\n              37.859675659210005\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.46322631835938,\n              37.78156937014928\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40554809570311,\n              37.79784832917947\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39044189453124,\n              37.76202988573211\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3876953125,\n              37.71750400999666\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39318847656249,\n              37.66099365286694\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.36709594726562,\n              37.590295170521955\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.26547241210936,\n              37.55111016010861\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16796875,\n              37.48684571271661\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09930419921876,\n              37.425797766419976\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02239990234375,\n              37.41816326969145\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.93450927734375,\n              37.42688834526727\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.91253662109376,\n              37.45632796865522\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0416259765625,\n              37.51626173528878\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13912963867188,\n              37.609879943747146\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.20504760742186,\n              37.73053874574077\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.30392456054688,\n              37.860759886765194\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.31628417968749,\n              37.91603433975963\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39456176757811,\n              37.94311450175187\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34924316406251,\n              37.990751356571195\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.21466064453125,\n              38.05782354290831\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.24212646484375,\n              38.09241741843045\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39044189453124,\n              38.155077102180655\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.41241455078125,\n              38.15723682167875\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577e2bb2e4b0ef4d2f445a56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, P.A. 0000-0002-4796-4734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4734","contributorId":48997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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