{"pageNumber":"1052","pageRowStart":"26275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":72429,"text":"ofr20051364 - 2005 - Science within the U.S. Geological Survey Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC): applications, integration, and new opportunities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"ofr20051364","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1364","title":"Science within the U.S. Geological Survey Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC): applications, integration, and new opportunities","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051364","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Science within the U.S. Geological Survey Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC): applications, integration, and new opportunities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1364, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051364.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7451,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1364/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd2af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72430,"text":"sir20055052 - 2005 - Hydrology and water quality of lakes and streams in Orange County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"sir20055052","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5052","title":"Hydrology and water quality of lakes and streams in Orange County, Florida","docAbstract":"Orange County, Florida, is continuing to experience a large growth in population. In 1920, the population of Orange County was less than 20,000; in 2000, the population was about 896,000. The amount of urban area around Orlando has increased considerably, especially in the northwest part of the County. The eastern one-third of the County, however, had relatively little increase in urbanization from 1977-97. The increase of population, tourism, and industry in Orange County and nearby areas changed land use; land that was once agricultural has become urban, industrial, and major recreation areas. These changes could impact surface-water resources that are important for wildlife habitat, for esthetic reasons, and potentially for public supply. Streamflow characteristics and water quality could be affected in various ways.\r\n\r\nAs a result of changing land use, changes in the hydrology and water quality of Orange County's lakes and streams could occur. Median runoff in 10 selected Orange County streams ranges from about 20 inches per year (in/yr) in the Wekiva River to about 1.1 in/yr in Cypress Creek. The runoff for the Wekiva River is significantly higher than other river basins because of the relatively constant spring discharge that sustains streamflow, even during drought conditions. The low runoff for the Cypress Creek basin results from a lack of sustained inflow from ground water and a relatively large area of lakes within the drainage basin.\r\n\r\nStreamflow characteristics for 13 stations were computed on an annual basis and examined for temporal trends. Results of the trend testing indicate changes in annual mean streamflow, 1-day high streamflow, or 7-day low streamflow at 8 of the 13 stations. However, changes in 7-day low streamflow are more common than changes in annual mean or 1-day high streamflow.\r\n\r\nThere is probably no single reason for the changes in 7-day low streamflows, and for most streams, it is difficult to determine definite reasons for the flow increases. Low flows in the Econlockhatchee River at Chuluota have increased because of discharge of treated wastewater since 1982. However, trends in increasing 7-day low streamflow are evident before 1982, which cannot be attributed to wastewater discharge.\r\n\r\nSome of the increases in 7-day low flows may be related to drainage changes resulting from increased development in Orange County. Development for most purposes, including those as diverse as cattle grazing and residential construction, may involve modification of surface drainage through stream channelization and construction of canals. These changes in land drainage can lower the water table, resulting in reductions of regional evapotranspiration rates and increased streamflow. Another possible cause of increasing low flows in streams is use of water from the Floridan aquifer system for irrigation. Runoff of irrigation water or increased seepage from irrigated areas to streams could increase base streamflow compared to natural conditions.\r\n\r\nWater-level data were analyzed to determine temporal trends from 83 lakes that had more than 15 years of record. There were significant temporal trends in 33 of the 83 lakes (40 percent) over the entire period of record. Of these 33 lakes, 14 had increasing water levels and 19 lakes had decreasing water levels. The downward trends in long-term lake levels could in part be due to high rainfall accumulation in 1960-1961, which included precipitation from Hurricane Donna (September 1960). The high rainfall resulted in historical high-water levels in many lakes in 1960 or 1961.\r\n\r\nA large range of water-quality conditions exists in lakes and streams of Orange County (2000-01). Specific conductance in lake samples ranged from 57 to 1,185 microsiemens per centimeter. Values of pH ranged from 3.2 to 8.7 in stream samples and 4.6 to 9.6 in lake samples. Total nitrogen concentrations ranged from less than 0.2 to 7.1 milligrams per liter (mg/L) as nitrogen in stream samples, and","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055052","usgsCitation":"German, E.R., and Adamski, J.C., 2005, Hydrology and water quality of lakes and streams in Orange County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5052, 109 p. : ill.; maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055052.","productDescription":"109 p. : ill.; maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7452,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5052/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604c05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"German, Edward R.","contributorId":85567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"German","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adamski, James C.","contributorId":20316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adamski","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72431,"text":"ofr20051321 - 2005 - Mercury concentrations in fishes from select water bodies in Trinity County, California, 2000-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"ofr20051321","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1321","title":"Mercury concentrations in fishes from select water bodies in Trinity County, California, 2000-2002","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051321","usgsCitation":"May, J., Hothem, R.L., and Alpers, C.N., 2005, Mercury concentrations in fishes from select water bodies in Trinity County, California, 2000-2002 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1321, 22 p. : ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051321.","productDescription":"22 p. : ill.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":7453,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1321/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624b79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72426,"text":"fs20053089 - 2005 - Pesticides in ground water - Converse County, Wyoming, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T16:45:02","indexId":"fs20053089","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3089","title":"Pesticides in ground water - Converse County, Wyoming, 2003-04","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053089","usgsCitation":"Eddy-Miller, C., and Remley, K., 2005, Pesticides in ground water - Converse County, Wyoming, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3089, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053089.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3089.jpg"},{"id":7448,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3089/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68826a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Remley, Kendra J.","contributorId":26753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remley","given":"Kendra J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72424,"text":"sir20055142 - 2005 - Potential for formation of disinfection by-products from storage of chlorinated surface water in the Basalt aquifer near Fallon, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"sir20055142","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5142","title":"Potential for formation of disinfection by-products from storage of chlorinated surface water in the Basalt aquifer near Fallon, Nevada","docAbstract":"Increased pumpage from a basalt aquifer near Fallon, Nevada, has caused its water levels to decline and has induced changes in the quality of water pumped from the basalt. The aquifer is the sole source of water for municipal supply to the city of Fallon, the Naval Air Station Fallon, and the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe. These changes may be mitigated by storage of surface water in the basalt for subsequent use. Because chlorination of the surface water may be required for storage, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe, made laboratory tests using laboratory carbon-organic-free water, surface-water, ground-water, and basaltic-rock samples to determine the potential for formation of disinfection by-products. \r\n\r\nExperiments with water samples only (no rock and no chlorine) indicated no change in dissolved-organic-carbon (DOC) concentrations over a 20-day reaction period; whereas, all experiments using rock, water, and no chlorine indicated an increase in DOC concentrations. The greatest increase in DOC concentrations for all three water samples occurred in experiments with the rock samples from outcrops on Rattlesnake Hill. Experiments with water only and chlorine yielded a total trihalomethane (THM) concentration of 97.4 ?g/L for the ground-water sample and 347 ?g/L for the surface-water sample. \r\n\r\nExperiments with mixtures of water, rocks, and chlorine indicated that reactions with the rock consumed chlorine and released significant amounts of organic carbon from the rock, increasing the DOC concentration in the water. The organic carbon in the rocks likely is associated with the secondary clay minerals that line vesicles and fractures in the rocks. THM concentrations were greatest, from 335 to 909 ?g/L, for surface water equilibrated with rock samples from Rattlesnake Hill. However, the concentration of chlorine required to produce these high THM concentrations ranged from 18 to 84 mg/L. \r\n\r\nThe results of the experiments suggest that the amount of organic carbon released from the rocks during successive cycles of recharge, storage, and recovery of chlorinated surface water may be relatively small. The chlorine demand of the rocks is so large that all of the free chlorine in the entire volume of recharged water likely would be consumed by only a very small volume of the aquifer surrounding an injection well, or beneath an infiltration bed. The majority of the volume of the aquifer filled by the stored water likely would never come in contact with free chlorine, and the increases in concentration of DOC observed in these experiments likely would occur in a very small volume of the stored water. For this reason, increases in concentration of THMs for the entire volume of water stored also likely would be considerably less than those measured in these experiments. To test this hypothesis, additional laboratory experiments using varying levels of chlorination, varying lengths of reaction periods, and repeated cycles of chlorination would be useful. A field experiment made at a small scale in an isolated part of the basalt aquifer would aid in the design of an operational system.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055142","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., Maurer, D.K., and Lico, M.S., 2005, Potential for formation of disinfection by-products from storage of chlorinated surface water in the Basalt aquifer near Fallon, Nevada (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5142, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055142.","productDescription":"30 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7447,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5142/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6836c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":285630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lico, Michael S.","contributorId":75897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lico","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72423,"text":"sir20055175 - 2005 - Analysis of ground-water levels and associated trends in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1951-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"sir20055175","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5175","title":"Analysis of ground-water levels and associated trends in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1951-2003","docAbstract":"Almost 4,000 water-level measurements in 216 wells in the Yucca Flat area from 1951 to 2003 were quality assured and analyzed. An interpretative database was developed that describes water-level conditions for each water level measured in Yucca Flat. Multiple attributes were assigned to each water-level measurement in the database to describe the hydrologic conditions at the time of measurement. General quality, temporal variability, regional significance, and hydrologic conditions are attributed for each water-level measurement. The database also includes narratives that discuss the water-level history of each well.\r\n\r\nWater levels in 34 wells were analyzed for variability and for statistically significant trends. An attempt was made to identify the cause of many of the water-level fluctuations or trends. Potential causes include equilibration following well construction or development, pumping in the monitoring well, withdrawals from a nearby supply well, recharge from precipitation, earthquakes, underground nuclear tests, land subsidence, barometric pressure, and Earth tides. \r\n\r\nSome of the naturally occurring fluctuations in water levels may result from variations in recharge. The magnitude of the overall water-level change for these fluctuations generally is less than 2 feet. Long-term steady-state hydrographs for most of the wells open to carbonate rock have a very similar pattern. Carbonate-rock wells without the characteristic pattern are directly west of the Yucca and Topgallant faults in the southwestern part of Yucca Flat. Long-term steady-state hydrographs from wells open to volcanic tuffs or the Eleana confining unit have a distinctly different pattern from the general water-level pattern of the carbonate-rock aquifers.\r\n\r\nAnthropogenic water-level fluctuations were caused primarily by water withdrawals and nuclear testing. Nuclear tests affected water levels in many wells. Trends in these wells are attributed to test-cavity infilling or the effects of depressurization following nuclear testing. The magnitude of the overall water-level change for wells with anthropogenic trends can be large, ranging from several feet to hundreds of feet.\r\n\r\nVertical water-level differences at 27 sites in Yucca Flat with multiple open intervals were compared. Large vertical differences were noted in volcanic rocks and in boreholes where water levels were affected by nuclear tests. Small vertical differences were noted within the carbonate-rock and valley-fill aquifers. Vertical hydraulic gradients generally are downward in volcanic rocks and from pre-Tertiary clastic rocks toward volcanic- or carbonate-rock units.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055175","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J.M., 2005, Analysis of ground-water levels and associated trends in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1951-2003 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5175, 97 p. [some 11 x 17 in.] : ill.; online databases; maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055175.","productDescription":"97 p. [some 11 x 17 in.] : ill.; online databases; maps","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":7446,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6803f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenelon, Joseph M. 0000-0003-4449-245X jfenelon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-245X","contributorId":2355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"Joseph","email":"jfenelon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72422,"text":"fs20053051 - 2005 - Estimated use of water in the United States in 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:35","indexId":"fs20053051","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3051","title":"Estimated use of water in the United States in 2000","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053051","usgsCitation":"Lumia, D.S., Linsey, K.S., and Barber, N.L., 2005, Estimated use of water in the United States in 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3051, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053051.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3051.jpg"},{"id":7445,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -172.33333333333334,18 ], [ -172.33333333333334,71.83333333333333 ], [ -64.83333333333333,71.83333333333333 ], [ -64.83333333333333,18 ], [ -172.33333333333334,18 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcc8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumia, Deborah S.","contributorId":19627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linsey, Kristin S. 0000-0001-6492-7639 kslinsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6492-7639","contributorId":3678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linsey","given":"Kristin","email":"kslinsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, Nancy L. 0000-0002-2952-5017 nlbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2952-5017","contributorId":3679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Nancy","email":"nlbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72417,"text":"sir20055182 - 2005 - Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Sturgeon Lake, Goodhue County, Minnesota, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T09:33:04","indexId":"sir20055182","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5182","title":"Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Sturgeon Lake, Goodhue County, Minnesota, 2003-04","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Prairie Island Indian Community and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, conducted a study of Sturgeon Lake (a backwater lake in Navigation Pool 3 of the Mississippi River) during 2003-04 to describe the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the lake. Riparian and shoreline areas surrounding Sturgeon Lake consist primarily of deciduous tree and shrub cover with minimal amounts of commercial or residential land use. Woody debris and aquatic vegetation are the major types of physical habitat suitable for fish and invertebrates. Among 10 bottom-sediment sampling sites, 24 organic wastewater compounds, 1 organochlorine pesticide metabolite (p,p’DDE), and total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected in the bottom sediments of Sturgeon Lake. The most prevalent class of compounds detected were polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Other classes of compounds detected include sterols, disinfectants, plastic components, alkylphenols, and fragrances. Three compounds detected (bisphenol A, benzo[a]pyrene, and triclosan) are considered endocrine disrupting compounds. Twenty-one and 49 invertebrate taxa were identified from 10 bottom-sediment and 6 woody-debris/vegetation samples, respectively. Most of the taxa were Diptera in the family Chironomidae. The most common invertebrate in terms of density in bottom-sediment samples was the burrowing mayfly (Hexagenia sp.). Trichoptera in the families Hydropsychidae or Polycentropodidae were common in most of the woody-debris samples. The presence of the Hexagenia larvae in samples indicates that the bottom sediments are stable and that dissolved oxygen concentrations in the lake do not drop to acute or sub-lethal anoxic conditions. Backwater lakes such as Sturgeon Lake are important areas of habitat for aquatic organisms along the Mississippi River, and this report provides baseline physical, chemical, and biological information that resource managers can compare with future investigations.

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movement and nitrate in ground water, East Erda area, Tooele County, Utah, 1997-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T13:44:33","indexId":"sir20055096","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5096","title":"Ground-water movement and nitrate in ground water, East Erda area, Tooele County, Utah, 1997-2000","docAbstract":"Nitrate was discovered in ground water in the east Erda area of Tooele County, Utah, in 1994. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Tooele County, investigated the ground-water flow system and water quality in the eastern part of Tooele Valley to determine (1) the vertical and horizontal distribution of nitrate, (2) the direction of movement of the nitrate contamination, and (3) the source of the nitrate. The potentiometric surface of the upper part of the basin-fill aquifer indicates that the general direction of ground-water flow is to the northwest, the flow system is complex, and there is a ground-water mound probably associated with springs. The spatial distribution of nitrate reflects the flow system with the nitrate contamination split into a north and south part by the ground-water mound. The distribution of dissolved solids and sulfate in ground water varies spatially. Vertical profiles of nitrate in water from selected wells indicate that nitrate contamination generally is in the upper part of the saturated zone and in some wells has moved downward. Septic systems, mining and smelting, agriculture, and natural sources were considered to be possible sources of nitrate contamination in the east Erda area. Septic systems are not the source of nitrate because water from wells drilled upgradient of all septic systems in the area had elevated nitrate concentrations. Mining and smelting activity are a possible source of nitrate contamination but few data are available to link nitrate contamination with mining sites. Natural and agricultural sources of nitrate are present east of the Erda area but few data are available about these sources. The source(s) of nitrate in the east Erda area could not be clearly delineated in spite of considerable effort and expenditure of resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Tooele County","usgsCitation":"Susong, D., 2005, Ground-water movement and nitrate in ground water, East Erda area, Tooele County, Utah, 1997-2000 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5096, 4 sheets: 40.00 x 36.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055096.","productDescription":"4 sheets: 40.00 x 36.00 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334244,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5096/PDF/SIR2005_5096_sheet1.pdf","text":"First part of report","size":"3.5 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only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Susong, D. D.","contributorId":12868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72394,"text":"fs20053106 - 2005 - Southern California — Wildfires and debris flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T19:48:23.712313","indexId":"fs20053106","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3106","title":"Southern California — Wildfires and debris flows","docAbstract":"

Wildland fires are inevitable in the western United States. Expansion of man-made developments into fire-prone wildlands has created situations where wildfires can destroy lives and property, as can the flooding and debris flows that are common in the aftermath of the fires. Fast-moving, highly destructive debris flows triggered by intense rainfall are one of the most dangerous post-fire hazards. Such debris flows are particularly dangerous because they tend to occur with little warning. Their mass and speed make them particularly destructive: debris flows can strip vegetation, block drainages, damage structures, and endanger human life.

The U.S. Geological Survey’s Landslide Hazards Program is participating in a multi-agency cooperative effort to investigate debris flows in burned areas of southern California and other parts of the western United States. Participating agencies are the USDA Forest Service, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the California, Colorado, and Montana Geological Surveys. The objective of this project is to develop methods needed to estimate the locations, probability of occurrence, and size of potentially destructive debris flows. Public officials can use this information to plan and execute emergency response and post-fire rehabilitation.

Analysis of data collected from studies of debris flows following wildfires can answer many of the questions fundamental to post-fire hazard assessments— what and why, where, when, how big, and how often?

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20053106","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Southern California — Wildfires and debris flows (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3106, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053106.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3106.jpg"},{"id":394899,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73917.htm"},{"id":7396,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.80639648437499,\n 34.18454183141725\n ],\n [\n -116.8341064453125,\n 34.18454183141725\n ],\n [\n -116.8341064453125,\n 34.44315867450577\n ],\n [\n -117.80639648437499,\n 34.44315867450577\n ],\n [\n -117.80639648437499,\n 34.18454183141725\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e72fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72393,"text":"sir20055006 - 2005 - Questa baseline and premining ground-water quality investigation. 8. Lake-sediment geochemical record from 1960 to 2002, Eagle Rock and Fawn Lakes, Taos County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T20:13:26.042792","indexId":"sir20055006","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5006","title":"Questa baseline and premining ground-water quality investigation. 8. Lake-sediment geochemical record from 1960 to 2002, Eagle Rock and Fawn Lakes, Taos County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"

Geochemical studies of lake sediment from Eagle Rock Lake and upper Fawn Lake were conducted to evaluate the effect of mining at the Molycorp Questa porphyry molybdenum deposit located immediately north of the Red River. Two cores were taken, one from each lake near the outlet where the sediment was thinnest, and they were sampled at 1-cm intervals to provide geochemical data at less than 1-year resolution. Samples from the core intervals were digested and analyzed for 34 elements using ICP–AES (inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry). The activity of 137Cs has been used to establish the beginning of sedimentation in the two lakes. Correlation of the geochemistry of heavy-mineral suites in the cores from both Fawn and Eagle Rock Lakes has been used to develop a sedimentation model to date the intervals sampled. The core from upper Fawn Lake, located upstream of the deposit, provided an annual sedimentary record of the geochemical baseline for material being transported in the Red River, whereas the core from Eagle Rock Lake, located downstream of the deposit, provided an annual record of the effect of mining at the Questa mine on the sediment in the Red River. Abrupt changes in the concentrations of many lithophile and deposit-related metals occur in the middle of the Eagle Rock Lake core, which we correlate with the major flood-of-record recorded at the Questa gage at Eagle Rock Lake in 1979. Sediment from the Red River collected at low flow in 2002 is a poor match for the geochemical data from the sediment core in Eagle Rock Lake. The change in sediment geochemistry in Eagle Rock Lake in the post-1979 interval is dramatic and requires that a new source of sediment be identified that has substantially different geochemistry from that in the pre-1979 core interval. Loss of mill tailings from pipeline breaks are most likely responsible for some of the spikes in trace-element concentrations in the Eagle Rock Lake core. Enrichment of Al2O3, Cu, and Zn occurred as a result of chemical precipitation of these metals from ground water upstream in the Red River. Comparisons of the geochemistry of the post-1979 sediment core with both mine wastes and with premining sediment from the vicinity of the Questa mine indicate that both are possible sources for this new component of sediment. Existing data have not resolved this enigma.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055006","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., Fey, D., and Marot, M.E., 2005, Questa baseline and premining ground-water quality investigation. 8. Lake-sediment geochemical record from 1960 to 2002, Eagle Rock and Fawn Lakes, Taos County, New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5006, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055006.","productDescription":"47 p.","temporalStart":"1960-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402636,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73907.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7395,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Taos County","otherGeospatial":"Eagle Rock and Fawn Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.58547973632812,\n 36.6959520787169\n ],\n [\n -105.42823791503906,\n 36.6959520787169\n ],\n [\n -105.42823791503906,\n 36.72842852891896\n ],\n [\n -105.58547973632812,\n 36.72842852891896\n ],\n [\n -105.58547973632812,\n 36.6959520787169\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a06c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fey, D.L.","contributorId":44537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marot, M. E.","contributorId":7733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72392,"text":"sir20055066 - 2005 - Reconnaissance of surface-water and ground-water quality at the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial near Lincoln City, Indiana, 2001-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:53:37","indexId":"sir20055066","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5066","title":"Reconnaissance of surface-water and ground-water quality at the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial near Lincoln City, Indiana, 2001-02","docAbstract":"

In cooperation with the National Park Service, the U.S. Geological Survey investigated water quality of key water bodies at the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial near Lincoln City in southwestern Indiana. The key water bodies were a stock pond, representing possible nonpoint agricultural effects on water quality; an ephemeral stream, representing the water quality of drainage from forested areas of the park; parking-lot runoff, representing water quality related to roads and parking lots; an unnamed ditch below the parking lot, representing the water quality of drainage from the parking lot and from an adjacent railroad track; and Lincoln Spring, a historical ground-water source representing ground-water conditions near a former diesel-fuel-spill site along a rail line. Water samples were analyzed for pH, temperature, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen and for concentrations of selected major ions and trace metals, nutrients, organic constituents, and Escherichia coli bacteria. Surface-water-quality data of water samples from the park represent baseline conditions for the area in relation to the data available from previous studies of area streams. Specific-conductance values and concentrations of most major ions and various nutrients in surface-water samples from the park were smaller than those reported for samples collected in other USGS studies in areas adjacent to the park. Water-quality-management issues identified by this investigation include potentially impaired water quality from parking-lot runoff, unknown effects on surface-water quality from adjacent railroads, and the potential impairment of water quality in Lincoln Spring from human influences. Parking-lot runoff is a source of calcium, alkalinity, iron, lead, and organic carbon in the water samples from the unnamed ditch. Detection of small concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in water from Lincoln Spring could indicate residual contamination from a 1995 diesel-fuel spill and cleanup. The concentration of nitrite plus nitrate in water from Lincoln Spring was 16.5 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, greater than the State of Indiana standard for nitrate in drinking water (10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen). Lead concentrations in samples from the stock pond, parking-lot runoff, and the unnamed ditch exceeded the Indiana chronic aquatic criteria.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055066","usgsCitation":"Buszka, P.M., and Fowler, K.K., 2005, Reconnaissance of surface-water and ground-water quality at the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial near Lincoln City, Indiana, 2001-02: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5066, 57 p.: ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055066.","productDescription":"57 p.: ill.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":7394,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5066/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055066.GIF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Dubois, Spencer, Warrick","otherGeospatial":"Lincoln Boyhood National 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Paul M. 0000-0001-8218-826X pmbuszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-826X","contributorId":1786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buszka","given":"Paul","email":"pmbuszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203380,"text":"70203380 - 2005 - Hydrothermal vent fluids, siliceous hydrothermal deposits, and hydrothermally altered sediments in Yellowstone Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-13T11:48:34","indexId":"70203380","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-01T14:57:51","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrothermal vent fluids, siliceous hydrothermal deposits, and hydrothermally altered sediments in Yellowstone Lake","docAbstract":"

Stable isotopic (dD and d18O) data indicate about 13% total evaporative concentration has occurred in Yellowstone Lake, yet lake waters are enriched in dissolved As, B, Cl, Cs, Ge, Li, Mo, Sb, and W by at least an order-of-magnitude relative to the flow-weighted composition of inflowing streams. We conclude that lake water is a mixture of inflowing surface water and hydrothermal source fluid that is strongly enriched in Cl and other elements. We estimate that ~10% of the total hydrothermal flux in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) occurs in Yellowstone Lake. Geochemical and mineralogical studies of hydrothermal deposits and hydrothermally altered lake sediments (vent muds) from the active or recently active vent sites on the floor of Yellowstone Lake indicate that their formation is due to hydrothermal fluid quenching during flow through shallow conduits, or to mixing upon egress into cold bottom waters. Siliceous precipitates form conduits within the uppermost sediments, tabular deposits along sedimentary layers, and spires up to 8 m tall. These deposits are enriched in As, Cs, Hg, Mo, Sb, Tl and W. Spires, vent deposits, and conduits contain filamentous microstructures that probably represent silicified bacteria. Partly recrystallized and silicified diatoms are abundant in deposits below the sediment-water interface. Vent muds and some outer conduit walls show pervasive leaching of silica, which explains the occurrence of most sublacustrine vents in craters. Systematics of dD and Cl variations, as well as silica and cation geothermometry for hydrothermal fluids, suggest that ascending fluids boil due to depressurization to a temperature of ~220°C and then mix with pore waters prior to venting on the lake bottom. Depositional temperatures for sublacustrine silica deposits, calculated using oxygen isotope fractionation, range from 78°C to 164°C. The amorphous silica-saturated vent fluids precipitate silica to form spires or conduits largely by conductive cooling. Bacterial accumulations may have inhibited the mixing of vent fluids and bottom waters, and provided a site for silica deposition.

","conferenceTitle":"Thermal Biology Institute Workshop","conferenceDate":"October 2005","conferenceLocation":"Yellowstone National Park, WY","language":"English","publisher":"Montana State University","usgsCitation":"Shanks, W.C., Morgan, L., Balistrieri, L.S., and Alt, J.C., 2005, Hydrothermal vent fluids, siliceous hydrothermal deposits, and hydrothermally altered sediments in Yellowstone Lake, Thermal Biology Institute Workshop, Yellowstone National Park, WY, October 2005, p. 53-72.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.rcn.montana.edu/Publications/Pdf/2005/1_3Shanks.pdf"},{"id":363604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.8740234375,\n 44.19402066387343\n ],\n [\n -110.10223388671875,\n 44.19402066387343\n ],\n [\n -110.10223388671875,\n 44.69404054463804\n ],\n [\n -110.8740234375,\n 44.69404054463804\n ],\n [\n -110.8740234375,\n 44.19402066387343\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanks, W. C. Pat pshanks@usgs.gov","contributorId":193431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"W.","email":"pshanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C. Pat","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":762406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, Lisa","contributorId":57751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":762407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alt, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":70213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alt","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184386,"text":"70184386 - 2005 - The U-tube: A novel system for acquiring borehole fluid samples from a deep geologic CO2 sequestration experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-06T16:42:09.667272","indexId":"70184386","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The U-tube: A novel system for acquiring borehole fluid samples from a deep geologic CO2 sequestration experiment","docAbstract":"

A novel system has been deployed to obtain geochemical samples of water and gas, at in situ pressure, during a geologic CO2 sequestration experiment conducted in the Frio brine aquifer in Liberty County, Texas. Project goals required high-frequency recovery of representative and uncontaminated aliquots of a rapidly changing two-phase fluid (supercritical CO2 and brine) fluid from 1.5 km depth. The data sets collected, using both the liquid and gas portions of the downhole samples, provide insights into the coupled hydrogeochemical issues affecting CO2sequestration in brine-filled formations. While the basic premise underlying the U-tube sampler is not new, the system is unique because careful consideration was given to the processing of the recovered two-phase fluids. In particular, strain gauges mounted beneath the high-pressure surface sample cylinders measured the ratio of recovered brine to supercritical CO2. A quadrupole mass spectrometer provided real-time gas analysis for perfluorocarbon and noble gas tracers that were injected along with the CO2. The U-tube successfully acquired frequent samples, facilitating accurate delineation of the arrival of the CO2 plume, and on-site analysis revealed rapid changes in geochemical conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003735","usgsCitation":"Freifeild, B.M., Trautz, R.C., Kharaka, Y.K., Phelps, T.J., Myer, L.R., Hovorka, S.D., and Collins, D.J., 2005, The U-tube: A novel system for acquiring borehole fluid samples from a deep geologic CO2 sequestration experiment: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 110, no. B10, B10203, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003735.","productDescription":"B10203, 10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477651,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003735","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263ee4b014cc3a3d34b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freifeild, Barry M.","contributorId":42444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freifeild","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trautz, Robert C.","contributorId":171754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trautz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":26941,"text":"Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phelps, Tommy J.","contributorId":175588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phelps","given":"Tommy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Myer, Larry R.","contributorId":177239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myer","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hovorka, Susan D.","contributorId":175572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hovorka","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Collins, Daniel J.","contributorId":177241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":72373,"text":"fs20053107 - 2005 - Southern California landslides-an overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-17T11:14:12","indexId":"fs20053107","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3107","title":"Southern California landslides-an overview","docAbstract":"

Southern California lies astride a major tectonic plate boundary defined by the San Andreas Fault and numerous related faults that are spread across a broad region. This dynamic tectonic environment has created a spectacular landscape of rugged mountains and steep-walled valleys that compose much of the region’s scenic beauty. Unfortunately, this extraordinary landscape also presents serious geologic hazards. Just as tectonic forces are steadily pushing the landscape upward, gravity is relentlessly tugging it downward. When gravity prevails, landslides can occur.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20053107","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Southern California landslides-an overview (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3107, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053107.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3107.jpg"},{"id":7335,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3107/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":311420,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3107/pdf/FS-3107.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e723b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72375,"text":"sir20055102 - 2005 - Characterization of surface-water quality in the S-Line Canal and potential geochemical reactions from storage of surface water in the Basalt aquifer near Fallon, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-18T11:14:33.586602","indexId":"sir20055102","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5102","title":"Characterization of surface-water quality in the S-Line Canal and potential geochemical reactions from storage of surface water in the Basalt aquifer near Fallon, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Fallon basalt aquifer serves as the sole source of municipal water supply for the Lahontan Valley in west-central Nevada. Principal users include the City of Fallon, Naval Air Station Fallon, and the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe. Pumpage from the aquifer increased from about 1,700 acre-feet per year in the early 1970's to more than 3,000 acre-feet per year in the late 1990's, and has been accompanied by declines in water levels and changes in water quality. Storage of surface water in the basalt may mitigate the effects of pumpage, but may cause undesirable changes in water chemistry. In May 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study, in cooperation with the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe, to characterize the surface-water quality of the S-Line Canal, a likely source of water for augmenting recharge. Because arsenic concentrations in ground water of the basalt aquifer exceed drinking water standards, the potential for arsenic release to artificial recharge was explored by using geochemical modeling. Model results suggest that arsenic release may increase concentrations to levels that could limit the use of artificial recharge. Field-based experiments are needed to evaluate the underlying model assumptions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055102","usgsCitation":"Welch, A., Maurer, D.K., Lico, M.S., and McCormack, J.K., 2005, Characterization of surface-water quality in the S-Line Canal and potential geochemical reactions from storage of surface water in the Basalt aquifer near Fallon, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5102, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055102.","productDescription":"52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7337,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":285518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lico, Michael S.","contributorId":75897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lico","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCormack, John K.","contributorId":39078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormack","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72372,"text":"fs20053100 - 2005 - A simple field leach test to assess potential leaching of soluble constituents from mine wastes, soils, and other geologic materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:02","indexId":"fs20053100","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3100","title":"A simple field leach test to assess potential leaching of soluble constituents from mine wastes, soils, and other geologic materials","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053100","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, A simple field leach test to assess potential leaching of soluble constituents from mine wastes, soils, and other geologic materials (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3100, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053100.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3100.jpg"},{"id":7334,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6504","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72369,"text":"sir20055167 - 2005 - Effects of emission reductions at the Hayden powerplant on precipitation, snowpack, and surface-water chemistry in the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area, Colorado, 1995-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T20:17:31.795702","indexId":"sir20055167","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5167","title":"Effects of emission reductions at the Hayden powerplant on precipitation, snowpack, and surface-water chemistry in the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area, Colorado, 1995-2003","docAbstract":"

Precipitation, snowpack, and surface-water samples collected during 1995-2003 were analyzed to evaluate the effects of emission reductions at the Hayden powerplant on water chemistry in the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area. The Hayden powerplant, one of two large coal-fired powerplants in the Yampa Valley, was retrofitted with control systems during late 1998 and 1999 to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide--the primary precursors of haze and acidic precipitation. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, evaluated three water-chemistry data sets: wet-only precipitation chemistry from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program, snowpack chemistry from the Rocky Mountain snowpack network, and surface-water chemistry from a U.S. Geological Survey long-term lakes monitoring program. Concentrations and deposition rates of selected constituents were compared for the periods before and after emission reductions at the Hayden powerplant. Data collected during 1995-98 were used to represent the pre-control period, and data collected during 2000-2003 were used to represent the post-control period.

Ten stations in the National Atmospheric Deposition Program were evaluated including two that were directly downwind from the Hayden powerplant (Dry Lake and Buffalo Pass) and eight that were upwind or more distant (more than 100 kilometers) from the powerplant. Precipitation amount at all 10 precipitation stations was lower in the post-control period than the pre-control period as a result of a regional drought that persisted during the post-control period. In contrast to precipitation amount, there was no consistent pattern of change in sulfate concentrations between periods, indicating that the drought did not have a concentrating effect on sulfate or that trends in regional sulfur dioxide emissions masked its influence. Sulfate concentrations increased at three stations between periods, remained the same at three stations, and decreased at four stations. The largest change in average annual sulfate concentrations occurred at the two precipitation stations downwind from the Hayden powerplant, decreasing by 3.3 microequivalents per liter at Dry Lake and by 2.2 microequivalents per liter at Buffalo Pass. Declines in annual sulfate deposition also were greater at Dry Lake (3.4 kilograms per hectare) and Buffalo Pass (3.3 kilograms per hectare) than at the other stations, which ranged from 0.2 to 1.7 kilograms per hectare. These results indicate that emission reductions at the Hayden powerplant have been a factor in declines in atmospheric deposition of sulfate downwind from the powerplant. Nitrate, ammonium, and base-cation concentrations, in contrast to sulfate, were higher in the post-control period than the pre-control period at all 10 stations, most likely due to a concentrating effect of the drought.

Twenty-two snowpack sites in the Rocky Mountain snowpack network were evaluated including 4 sites that were located directly downwind from the Hayden powerplant and 18 sites that were upwind or more distant (as much as 200 kilometers) from the powerplant. The water content of the snowpack at maximum accumulation was lower in the post-control period than the pre-control period, reflecting the regional drought. Although there were small declines in snowpack sulfate concentrations at the downwind stations between the pre- and post-control periods, the difference was not statistically significant, indicating emission reductions had a weaker effect on snowpack chemistry than precipitation chemistry. Sulfate deposition decreased at all four downwind sites in the post-control period, primarily reflecting both lower water content and concentrations in the snowpack. As observed at the precipitation stations, nitrate, ammonium, and base-cation concentrations at all 22 sites were significantly higher in the post-control period than the pre-control period, reflecting drier conditions caused by drought.

The chemistry at six surface-water sites in and near the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area and five control sites in the Flat Tops Wilderness Area was examined. No response to emission reductions was detectable in chemistry of the surface water in the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area. Detection of a response to changes in emissions and deposition in the lake-chemistry data may have been confounded by drought conditions during the period after emission reductions occurred. The magnitude of reduced sulfate in atmospheric deposition indicates that at some time in the future, a reduction in lake sulfate attributable to Yampa Valley emission reduction should be detectable. The trend of decreasing sulfur dioxide emissions throughout western North America over the past 20 years is reflected in reduced concentrations of sulfate in lakes that were part of this study, as well as other lakes in the Rocky Mountains. However, detection of the surface-water response to changes in deposition requires a sufficiently long record to minimize effects of climate variability and to allow for lag time as sulfate moves through storage in soil, ground water, and lake reservoirs.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055167","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., Campbell, D.H., and Ingersoll, G.P., 2005, Effects of emission reductions at the Hayden powerplant on precipitation, snowpack, and surface-water chemistry in the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area, Colorado, 1995-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5167, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055167.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193102,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411373,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73819.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7331,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5167/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.8389,\n 40.9711\n ],\n [\n -106.8389,\n 40.5583\n ],\n [\n -106.5678,\n 40.5583\n ],\n [\n -106.5678,\n 40.9711\n ],\n [\n -106.8389,\n 40.9711\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6159e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":285500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, George P. gpingers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"George","email":"gpingers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72368,"text":"sir20055174 - 2005 - Historical perspective of statewide streamflows during the 2002 and 1977 droughts in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"sir20055174","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5174","title":"Historical perspective of statewide streamflows during the 2002 and 1977 droughts in Colorado","docAbstract":"Since 1890, Colorado has experienced a number of widespread drought periods; the most recent statewide drought began during 1999 and includes 2002, a year characterized by precipitation, snowpack accumulation, and streamflows that were much lower than normal. Because the drought of 2002 had a substantial effect on streamflows in Colorado, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, began a study in 2004 to analyze statewide streamflows during 2002 and develop a historical perspective of those streamflows. The purpose of this report is to describe an analysis of streamflows recorded throughout Colorado during the drought of 2002, as well as other drought years such as 1977, and to provide some historical perspective of drought-diminished streamflows in Colorado. \r\n\r\nBecause most streamflows in Colorado are derived from melting of mountain snowpacks during April through July, streamflows primarily were analyzed for the snowmelt (high-flow) period, but streamflows also were analyzed for the winter (low-flow) period. The snowmelt period is defined as April 1 through September 30 and the winter period is defined as October 1 through March 31. Historical daily average streamflows were analyzed on the basis of 7, 30, 90, and 180 consecutive-day periods (N-day) for 154 selected stations in Colorado. Methods used for analysis of the N-day snowmelt and winter streamflows include evaluation of trends in the historical streamflow records, computation of the rank of each annual N-day streamflow value for each station, analysis for years other than 2002 and 1977 with drought-diminished streamflows, and frequency analysis (on the basis of nonexceedance probability) of the 180-day streamflows. \r\n\r\nRanking analyses for the N-day snowmelt streamflows indicated that streamflows during 2002 were ranked as the lowest or second lowest historical values at 114-123 stations, or about 74-80 percent of the stations; by comparison, the N-day snowmelt streamflows during 1977 were ranked as the lowest or second lowest historical values at 69-87 stations, or about 47-59 percent of the stations. Many of the stations in the mountainous headwaters where snowmelt streamflows were ranked lowest during 2002 were ranked second lowest during 1977. These results indicate that snowmelt streamflows during 2002 were considerably more diminished than those during 1977. \r\n\r\nThe 180-day snowmelt streamflows were ranked among the five lowest historical values at about 90 percent of the stations during 2002 and were ranked among the five lowest historical values at about 77 percent of the stations during 1977. Other years during which the 180-day snowmelt streamflows were ranked among the five lowest values at a substantial percentage of stations include 1934, 1954, 1963, and 1981, but the percentages of stations with 180-day snowmelt streamflows ranked among the five lowest values were smaller during those years than during 2002 and 1977.\r\n\r\nFrequency analysis of snowmelt streamflows indicated that recurrence intervals for the 180-day snowmelt streamflows during 2002 were greater than 50 years for about 57 percent of the stations and were more than 100 years for about 14 percent of the stations. By comparison, recurrence intervals for the 180-day snowmelt streamflows during 1977 were greater than 50 years only for about 15 percent of the stations and were more than 100 years only for about 1 percent of the stations. Generally, snowmelt streamflows during 2002 were more diminished and have higher recurrence intervals than snowmelt streamflows during 1977. \r\n\r\nThe N-day winter streamflows during 2002 and 1977 were not ranked among the five lowest historical values at about 86-103 stations, or about 58-70 percent of the stations, compared to about 10-27 percent of the stations for the N-day snowmelt streamflows. These results indicate that winter streamflows during the 2002 and 1977 droughts were diminished to a lesser extent than t","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055174","usgsCitation":"Kuhn, G., 2005, Historical perspective of statewide streamflows during the 2002 and 1977 droughts in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5174, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055174.","productDescription":"90 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7330,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5174/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6884df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuhn, Gerhard","contributorId":102080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70203528,"text":"70203528 - 2005 - Historical subsidence and wetland loss in the Mississippi delta plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T10:53:49","indexId":"70203528","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-27T10:43:33","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Historical subsidence and wetland loss in the Mississippi delta plain","docAbstract":"

Five representative areas of the Mississippi River delta plain were investigated using remote images, marsh elevations, water depths, sediment cores, and radiocarbon dates to estimate the timing, magnitudes, and relative rates of marsh erosion and land subsidence at geological and historical time scales. In the Terrebonne-Lafourche region of rapid interior-wetland loss, former marshes are now submerged beneath water that averages 0.5 to 1.0 m deep. Most of the permanent historical flooding was caused by rapid subsidence and collapse of the delta plain that occurred during the late 1960s and 1970s. Subsequent erosion of the submerged delta-plain marsh was relatively minor at most of the coring sites.

Widespread nearly simultaneous collapse of marshes across the Mississippi delta plain appears to be unprecedented and not repeated in the geological record of the past 1,000 years. Surface and subsurface data strongly indicate that the rapid subsidence and associated wetland loss were largely induced by extraction of hydrocarbons and associated formation water. Average historical rates of subsidence between 1965 and 1993 were about 8 to 12 mm/yr, whereas average geological rates of subsidence for the past 5,000 years were about 1 to 5 mm/yr. Natural processes such as deep-seated salt migration and fault movement cannot be discounted entirely, but there is no compelling evidence that these processes were responsible for the observed historical changes. Results of this study provide a basis for determining the relative importance of subsidence and shoreline erosion as causes of past wetland loss and for predicting sites and probable mechanisms of future wetland loss. This information should improve the selection of project sites and designs for wetland-loss mitigation and coastal restoration in south Louisiana.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies 55th Annual Convention","conferenceDate":"September 25-27, 2005","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, Louisiana","language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Bernier, J., Barras, J.A., and Ferina, N.F., 2005, Historical subsidence and wetland loss in the Mississippi delta plain, in Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 55, New Orleans, Louisiana, September 25-27, 2005, p. 555-571.","productDescription":"17 p.; CD-ROM","startPage":"555","endPage":"571","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":364007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://store.beg.utexas.edu/gcags/1722-gcags055.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 28.9600886880068\n ],\n [\n -90.02197265625,\n 28.9600886880068\n ],\n [\n -90.02197265625,\n 29.7453016622136\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 29.7453016622136\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 28.9600886880068\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernier, Julie 0000-0002-9918-5353 jbernier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-5353","contributorId":3549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernier","given":"Julie","email":"jbernier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barras, John A. jbarras@usgs.gov","contributorId":149332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"John","email":"jbarras@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":763019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferina, Nicholas F.","contributorId":14047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferina","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72365,"text":"fs20053071 - 2005 - Nevada water resources data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"fs20053071","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3071","title":"Nevada water resources data","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053071","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Nevada water resources data: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3071, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053071.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":7328,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3071.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6979d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72364,"text":"fs20053079 - 2005 - Water use for irrigation in Michigan, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T11:06:21","indexId":"fs20053079","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3079","title":"Water use for irrigation in Michigan, 2001","docAbstract":"

Each year, water-use data for Michigan are compiled or estimated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), working in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). The resulting information provides a category-by-category profile of over 4,200 facilities throughout the State. The data are reported in the Michigan Water Use Reporting Program, which provides needed information for water-resources planning and enhances public understanding of the value of sustaining water resources within the Great Lakes Basin. The primary goal of the program is to inventory, analyze, and report baseline data for major water uses.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20053079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Morenz, M.L., Van Til, R.L., and Luukkonen, C.L., 2005, Water use for irrigation in Michigan, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3079, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053079.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3079.jpg"},{"id":7327,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3079/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0030","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morenz, Michele L.","contributorId":44244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morenz","given":"Michele","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Til, Ron L.","contributorId":42307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Til","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luukkonen, Carol L. clluukko@usgs.gov","contributorId":3489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"Carol","email":"clluukko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72363,"text":"sir20055165 - 2005 - Estimation of constituent concentrations, densities, loads, and yields in lower Kansas River, northeast Kansas, using regression models and continuous water-quality monitoring, January 2000 through December 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"sir20055165","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5165","title":"Estimation of constituent concentrations, densities, loads, and yields in lower Kansas River, northeast Kansas, using regression models and continuous water-quality monitoring, January 2000 through December 2003","docAbstract":"The lower Kansas River is an important source of drinking water for hundreds of thousands of people in northeast Kansas. Constituents of concern identified by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) for streams in the lower Kansas River Basin include sulfate, chloride, nutrients, atrazine, bacteria, and sediment. Real-time continuous water-quality monitors were operated at three locations along the lower Kansas River from July 1999 through September 2004 to provide in-stream measurements of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen and to estimate concentrations for constituents of concern. Estimates of concentration and densities were combined with streamflow to calculate constituent loads and yields from January 2000 through December 2003. The Wamego monitoring site is located 44 river miles upstream from the Topeka monitoring site, which is 65 river miles upstream from the DeSoto monitoring site, which is 18 river miles upstream from where the Kansas River flows into the Missouri River. Land use in the Kansas River Basin is dominated by grassland and cropland, and streamflow is affected substantially by reservoirs.\r\n\r\nWater quality at the three monitoring sites varied with hydrologic conditions, season, and proximity to constituent sources. Nutrient and sediment concentrations and bacteria densities were substantially larger during periods of increased streamflow, indicating important contributions from nonpoint sources in the drainage basin. \r\n\r\nDuring the study period, pH remained well above the KDHE lower criterion of 6.5 standard units at all sites in all years, but exceeded the upper criterion of 8.5 standard units annually between 2 percent of the time (Wamego in 2001) and 65 percent of the time (DeSoto in 2003). The dissolved oxygen concentration was less than the minimum aquatic-life-support criterion of 5.0 milligrams per liter less than 1 percent of the time at all sites.\r\n\r\nDissolved solids, a measure of the dissolved material in water, exceeded 500 milligrams per liter about one-half of the time at the three Kansas River sites. Larger dissolved-solids concentrations upstream likely were a result of water inflow from the highly mineralized Smoky Hill River that is diluted by tributary flow as it moves downstream.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus at the three monitoring sites exceeded the ecoregion water-quality criteria suggested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency during the entire study period. Median nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were similar at all three sites, and nutrient load increased moving from the upstream to downstream sites. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus yields were nearly the same from site to site indicating that nutrient sources were evenly distributed throughout the lower Kansas River Basin. About 11 percent of the total nitrogen load and 12 percent of the total phosphorus load at DeSoto during 2000-03 originated from wastewater-treatment facilities. \r\n\r\nEscherichia coli bacteria densities were largest at the middle site, Topeka. On average, 83 percent of the annual bacteria load at DeSoto during 2000-03 occurred during 10 percent of the time, primarily in conjunction with runoff.\r\n\r\nThe average annual sediment loads at the middle and downstream monitoring sites (Topeka and DeSoto) were nearly double those at the upstream site (Wamego). The average annual sediment yield was largest at Topeka. On average, 64 percent of the annual suspended-sediment load at DeSoto during 2000-03 occurred during 10 percent of the time. Trapping of sediment by reservoirs located on contributing tributaries decreases transport of sediment and sediment-related constituents. \r\n\r\nThe average annual suspended-sediment load in the Kansas River at DeSoto during 2000-03 was estimated at 1.66 million tons. An estimated 13 percent of this load consisted of sand-size particles, so approximately 216,000 tons of sand were transported ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055165","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, T.J., Ziegler, A., and Rasmussen, P.P., 2005, Estimation of constituent concentrations, densities, loads, and yields in lower Kansas River, northeast Kansas, using regression models and continuous water-quality monitoring, January 2000 through December 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5165, 126 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055165.","productDescription":"126 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7326,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":285489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rasmussen, Patrick P. 0000-0002-3287-6010 pras@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-6010","contributorId":3530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Patrick","email":"pras@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72362,"text":"sir20055170 - 2005 - Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in Cedar Valley, Iron County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T13:58:41","indexId":"sir20055170","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5170","title":"Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in Cedar Valley, Iron County, Utah","docAbstract":"

Cedar Valley, located in the eastern part of Iron County in southwestern Utah, is experiencing rapid population growth. Cedar Valley traditionally has supported agriculture, but the growing population needs a larger share of the available water resources. Water withdrawn from the unconsolidated basin fill is the primary source for public supply and is a major source of water for irrigation. Water managers are concerned about increasing demands on the water supply and need hydrologic information to manage this limited water resource and minimize flow of water unsuitable for domestic use toward present and future public-supply sources.

Surface water in the study area is derived primarily from snowmelt at higher altitudes east of the study area or from occasional large thunderstorms during the summer. Coal Creek, a perennial stream with an average annual discharge of 24,200 acre-feet per year, is the largest stream in Cedar Valley. Typically, all of the water in Coal Creek is diverted for irrigation during the summer months. All surface water is consumed within the basin by irrigated crops, evapotranspiration, or recharge to the ground-water system.

Ground water in Cedar Valley generally moves from primary recharge areas along the eastern margin of the basin where Coal Creek enters, to areas of discharge or subsurface outflow. Recharge to the unconsolidated basin-fill aquifer is by seepage of unconsumed irrigation water, streams, direct precipitation on the unconsolidated basin fill, and subsurface inflow from consolidated rock and Parowan Valley and is estimated to be about 42,000 acre-feet per year. Stable-isotope data indicate that recharge is primarily from winter precipitation. The chloride mass-balance method indicates that recharge may be less than 42,000 acre-feet per year, but is considered a rough approximation because of limited chloride concentration data for precipitation and Coal Creek. Continued declining water levels indicate that recharge is not sufficient to meet demand. Water levels in many areas are at or close to historic lows.

In 2000, withdrawal from wells was estimated to be 36,000 acre-feet per year. About 4,000 acre-feet per year are estimated to discharge to evapotranspiration or as subsurface outflow. Prior to large-scale ground-water development, ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration and discharge to springs was much larger.

Ground water along the eastern margin of the valley between Cedar City and Enoch is unsuitable for domestic use because of high dissolved-solids and nitrate concentrations. The predominant ions of Ca and SO4 in this area indicate dissolution of gypsum in the Markagunt Plateau to the east. Data collected during this study were compared to historic data; there is no evidence to indicate deterioration in ground-water quality. The spatial distribution of ground water with high nitrate concentration does not appear to be migrating beyond its previously known extent.
No single source can be identified as the cause for elevated nitrate concentrations in ground water. Low nitrogen-15 values north of Cedar City indicate a natural geologic source. Higher nitrogen-15 values toward the center of the basin and associated hydrologic data indicate probable recharge from waste-water effluent. Excess dissolved nitrogen gas and low nitrate concentrations in shallow ground water indicate that denitrification is occurring in some areas.

A computer ground-water flow model was developed to simulate flow in the unconsolidated basin fill. The method of determining recharge from irrigation was changed during the calibration process to incorporate more areal and temporal variability. In general, the model accurately simulates water levels and water-level fluctuations and can be considered an adequate tool to help determine the valley-wide effects on water levels of additional ground-water withdrawals and changes in water use. The model was used to simulated water-level changes caused by projecting current withdrawal rates, increased withdrawal rates, and a 10-year drought. Water levels declined 20 to 275 feet in the southern and central parts of the valley and less than 20 feet north of Enoch

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/sir20055170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Iron County Water Conservancy District; Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources; Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality; Cedar City, and City of Enoch","usgsCitation":"Brooks, L.E., and Mason, J.L., 2005, Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in Cedar Valley, Iron County, Utah (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5170, x, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055170.","productDescription":"x, 114 p.","numberOfPages":"127","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7325,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T09:22:06","indexId":"sir20055136","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5136","title":"Influence of geologic setting on ground-water availability in the Lawrenceville area, Gwinnett County, Georgia","docAbstract":"Obtaining large quantities of ground water needed for municipal and industrial supply in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge physiographic provinces can be challenging because of the complex geology and the typically low primary permeability of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Areas of enhanced secondary permeability in the bedrock do occur, however, and 'high-yield' wells are not uncommon, particularly where careful site-selection techniques are used prior to test drilling. The U.S. Geological Survey - in cooperation with the City of Lawrenceville, Georgia - conducted this study from 2000 to 2002 to learn more about how different geologic settings influence the availability of ground water in igneous and metamorphic bedrock with the expectation that this knowledge could be used to help identify additional water resources in the area. \r\n\r\nIn compositionally layered-rock settings, wells derive water almost exclusively from lithologically and structurally controlled water-bearing zones formed parallel to foliation and compositional layering. These high-permeability, water-bearing zones - termed foliation-parallel parting systems -combined with high-angle joint systems, are the primary control for the high-yield wells drilled in the Lawrenceville area; yields range from 100 to several hundred gallons per minute (gal/min). Near Lawrenceville, areas with high ground-water yield are present in sequences of amphibolite, biotite gneiss, and button schist where the structural attitude of the rocks is gently dipping, in areas characterized by abundant jointing, and in topographic settings with a continuous source of recharge along these structures.\r\n\r\nIn massive-rock settings, wells derive water mostly from joint systems, although foliation-parallel parting systems also may be important. Wells deriving water primarily from steeply-dipping joint systems typically have low yields ranging from 1 to 5 gal/min. Joint systems in massive-rock settings can be identified and characterized by using many of the methods described in this report. Geologic mapping was the primary method used to determine the distribution, variability, and relative concentrations (intensity) of joint systems. In the subsurface, joints were characterized by taking orientation measurements in the open boreholes of wells using acoustic and/or optical televiewers. \r\n\r\nIn this investigation, the only practical approach found for locating areas of high ground-water potential was first through detailed geologic mapping followed by test drilling, borehole geophysical logging, and aquifer testing. Geologic methods help characterize both large- and small-scale structures and other lithologic and stratigraphic features that influence development of increased secondary permeability in the bedrock. The rock types, discontinuities, depth of weathering, topographic position, and recharge potential - which were the principal factors assessed through detailed geologic mapping - must be evaluated carefully, in relation to one another, to assess the ground-water potential in a given area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055136","usgsCitation":"Williams, L.J., Kath, R.L., Crawford, T.J., and Chapman, M.J., 2005, Influence of geologic setting on ground-water availability in the Lawrenceville area, Gwinnett County, Georgia (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5136, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055136.","productDescription":"43 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7324,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Gwinnett County, ","city":"Lawrenceville","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84,34.583333333333336 ], [ -84,34 ], [ -84.55,34 ], [ -84.55,34.583333333333336 ], [ -84,34.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Lester J. lesterw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Lester","email":"lesterw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":285484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kath, Randy L.","contributorId":49879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kath","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, Thomas J.","contributorId":73640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}