Ground water is the sole source of freshwater on the North Fork of Long Island. Future demands for the limited freshwater supply during a prolonged drought could cause drawdowns that induce saltwater intrusion and render the supply unusable. The freshwater system on the North Fork contains several localized, hydraulically isolated aquifers bounded by salty water. The need for information on the ability of these aquifers to meet future demands prompted a 4-year study to develop a ground-water flow model to simulate several proposed pumping scenarios under long-term average conditions and during a hypothetical drought, and to delineate the resulting ground-water levels and movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface. The model code selected was SHARP, a quasi-three-dimensional finite-difference method of simulating freshwater and saltwater flow simultaneously.
Two sets of four proposed pumping scenarios were evaluated. The first represented average recharge from precipitation during 2006-20; the second represented the same period and conditions except for a 5-year period of drought conditions. The average-recharge simulations used the long-term (1959-99) rate of recharge; the drought simulations applied a 20-percent reduction in recharge rate and a 20-percent increase in the 1999 rate of agricultural pumpage during 2011–15.
The simulated movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface in future withdrawal and recharge scenarios indicates that the interface may rise beneath pumped wells at Inlet Drive, Brecknock Hall, Main Bayview Road, Islands End, North Road, and Alvah's Lane. Either (1) movement of the interface to within 50 feet of the well screen, (2) a large percent change in the distance between the interface and the well screen, or (3) movement of the interface through a clay layer is a cause for concern. Wellfields in which saltwater intrusion does not appear to be a cause for concern were those at Ackerly Pond, Kenney's Road, Middle Road, Rocky Point Road, and hypothetical sites where future wellfields have been proposed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034184","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Suffolk County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Misut, P.E., Schubert, C., Bova, R.G., and Colabufo, S.R., 2004, Simulated effects of pumping and drought on ground-water levels and the freshwater-saltwater interface on the north fork of Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4184, vi, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034184.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4184/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":6972,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4184/wri20034184.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2003-4184"}],"contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
A new numerical ground-water-flow model (Edwards aquifer model) that incorporates important components of the latest information and plausible conceptualization of the Edwards aquifer was developed. The model includes both the San Antonio and Barton Springs segments of the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio region, Texas, and was calibrated for steady-state (1939–46) and transient (1947–2000) conditions, excluding Travis County. Transient simulations were conducted using monthly recharge and pumpage (withdrawal) data. The model incorporates conduits simulated as continuously connected (other than being separated in eastern Uvalde and southwestern Medina Counties), one-cell-wide (1,320 feet) zones with very large hydraulic-conductivity values (as much as 300,000 feet per day). The locations of the conduits were based on a number of factors, including major potentiometric-surface troughs in the aquifer, the presence of sinking streams, geochemical information, and geologic structures (for example, faults and grabens). The simulated directions of flow in the Edwards aquifer model are most strongly influenced by the presence of simulated conduits and barrier faults. The simulated flow in the Edwards aquifer is influenced by the locations of the simulated conduits, which tend to facilitate flow.
The simulated subregional flow directions generally are toward the nearest conduit and subsequently along the conduits from the recharge zone into the confined zone and toward the major springs. Structures simulated in the Edwards aquifer model influencing groundwater flow that tend to restrict flow are barrier faults. The influence of simulated barrier faults on flow directions is most evident in northern Medina County.
A water budget is an accounting of inflow to, outflow from, and storage change in the aquifer. For the Edwards aquifer model steady-state simulation, recharge (from seepage losses from streams and infiltration of rainfall) accounts for 93.5 percent of the sources of water to the Edwards aquifer, and inflow through the northern and northwestern model boundaries contributes 6.5 percent. The largest discharges are springflow (73.7 percent) and ground-water withdrawals by wells (25.7 percent).
The principal source of water to the Edwards aquifer for the Edwards aquifer model transient simulation was recharge, constituting about 60 percent of the sources of water (excluding change in storage) to the Edwards aquifer during 1956, a drought period, and about 97 percent of the sources (excluding change in storage) during 1975, a period of above-normal rainfall and recharge. The principal discharges from the Edwards aquifer for the transient simulation were springflow and withdrawals by wells. During 1956, representing drought conditions, the change in storage (net water released from storage) was much greater than recharge, accounting for 75.9 percent of the total flow compared to 14.5 percent for recharge. Conversely, during 1975, representing above-normal rainfall and recharge conditions, recharge constituted 79.9 percent of the total flow, compared to 7.1 percent for the change in storage (net water added to storage).
A series of sensitivity tests was made to ascertain how the model results were affected by variations greater than and less than the calibrated values of input data. Simulated hydraulic heads in the Edwards aquifer model were most sensitive to recharge, withdrawals, hydraulic conductivity of the conduit segments, and specific yield and were comparatively insensitive to spring-orifice conductance, northern boundary inflow, and specific storage. Simulated springflow in the Edwards aquifer model was most sensitive to recharge, withdrawals, hydraulic conductivity of the conduit segments, specific yield, and increases in northern boundary inflow and was comparatively insensitive to spring-orifice conductance and specific storage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045277","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense and Edwards Aquifer Authority","usgsCitation":"Lindgren, R.J., Dutton, A., Hovorka, S., Worthington, S., and Painter, S., 2004, Conceptualization and simulation of the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5277, Report: viii, 143 p.; 7 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045277.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 143 p.; 7 plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6977,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045277/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.5,28.5 ], [ -100.5,30.5 ], [ -97.5,30.5 ], [ -97.5,28.5 ], [ -100.5,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a47df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindgren, Richard J. lindgren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Richard","email":"lindgren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dutton, A.R.","contributorId":93976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hovorka, S.D.","contributorId":71259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hovorka","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Worthington, S.R.H.","contributorId":55522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worthington","given":"S.R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Painter, Scott","contributorId":93574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70267,"text":"i2600E - 2004 - Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Eights Coast area, Antarctica, 1972-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:31","indexId":"i2600E","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2600","chapter":"E","title":"Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Eights Coast area, Antarctica, 1972-2001","docAbstract":"Changes in the area and volume of polar ice sheets are intricately linked to changes in global climate, and the resulting changes in sea level may severely impact the densely populated coastal regions on Earth. Melting of the West Antarctic part alone of the Antarctic ice sheet could cause a sea-level rise of approximately 6 meters (m). The potential sea-level rise after melting of the entire Antarctic ice sheet is estimated to be 65 m (Lythe and others, 2001) to 73 m (Williams and Hall, 1993). In spite of its importance, the mass balance (the net volumetric gain or loss) of the Antarctic ice sheet is poorly known; it is not known for certain whether the ice sheet is growing or shrinking. In a review paper, Rignot and Thomas (2002) concluded that the West Antarctic part of the Antarctic ice sheet is probably becoming thinner overall; although the western part is thickening, the northern part is thinning. Joughin and Tulaczyk (2002), based on analysis of ice-flow velocities derived from synthetic aperture radar, concluded that most of the Ross ice streams (ice streams on the east side of the Ross Ice Shelf) have a positive mass balance. The mass balance of the East Antarctic is unknown, but thought to be in near equilibrium.\r\n\r\nMeasurement of changes in area and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet was given a very high priority in recommendations by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (1986), in subsequent recommendations by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (1989, 1993), and by the National Science Foundation's (1990) Division of Polar Programs. On the basis of these recommendations, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) decided that the archive of early 1970s Landsat 1, 2, and 3 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images of Antarctica and the subsequent repeat coverage made possible with Landsat and other satellite images provided an excellent means of documenting changes in the coastline of Antarctica (Ferrigno and Gould, 1987). The availability of this information provided the impetus for carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the glaciological features of the coastal regions and changes in ice fronts of Antarctica (Swithinbank, 1988; Williams and Ferrigno, 1988). The project was later modified to include Landsat 4 and 5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) (and in some areas Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)), RADARSAT images, and other data where available, to compare changes over a 20- to 25- or 30-year time interval (or longer where data were available, as in the Antarctic Peninsula). The results of the analysis are being used to produce a digital database and a series of USGS Geologic Investigations Series Maps consisting of 24 maps at 1:1,000,000 scale and 1 map at 1:5,000,000 scale, in both paper and digital format (Williams and others, 1995; Williams and Ferrigno, 1998; and Ferrigno and others, 2002).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal-change and glaciological maps of Antarctica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2600E","isbn":"0607975482","usgsCitation":"Swithinbank, C., Williams, R., Ferrigno, J.G., Foley, K.M., Rosanova, C.E., and Dailide, L.M., 2004, Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Eights Coast area, Antarctica, 1972-2001 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2600, 11 p. pamphlet and 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2600E.","productDescription":"11 p. pamphlet and 1 sheet","temporalStart":"1972-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6960,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2600/E/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Polar stereographic, MSL","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,-76 ], [ -104,-71 ], [ -80,-71 ], [ -80,-76 ], [ -104,-76 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":26368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosanova, Christine E.","contributorId":77239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosanova","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dailide, Lina M.","contributorId":6134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dailide","given":"Lina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70245,"text":"sir20045215 - 2004 - Simulation of ground-water flow, contributing recharge areas, and ground-water travel time in the Missouri River alluvial aquifer near Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"sir20045215","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5215","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow, contributing recharge areas, and ground-water travel time in the Missouri River alluvial aquifer near Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas","docAbstract":"The Missouri River alluvial aquifer near Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, supplies all or part of the drinking water for Ft. Leavenworth; Leavenworth, Kansas; Weston, Missouri; and cooling water for the Kansas City Power and Light, Iatan Power Plant. Ground water at three sites within the alluvial aquifer near the Ft. Leavenworth well field is contaminated with trace metals and organic compounds and concerns have been raised about the potential contamination of drinking-water supplies. In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Army began a study of ground-water flow in the Missouri River alluvial aquifer near Ft. Leavenworth.\r\n\r\nHydrogeologic data from 173 locations in the study area was used to construct a ground-water flow model (MODFLOW-2000) and particle-tracking program (MODPATH) to determine the direction and travel time of ground-water flow and contributing recharge areas for water-supply well fields within the alluvial aquifer. The modeled area is 28.6 kilometers by 32.6 kilometers and contains the entire study area. The model uses a uniform grid size of 100 meters by 100 meters and contains 372,944 cells in 4 layers, 286 columns, and 326 rows. The model represents the alluvial aquifer using four layers of variable thickness with no intervening confining layers.\r\n\r\nThe model was calibrated to both quasi-steady-state and transient hydraulic head data collected during the study and ground-water flow was simulated for five well-pumping/river-stage scenarios. The model accuracy was calculated using the root mean square error between actual measurements of hydraulic head and model generated hydraulic head at the end of each model run. The accepted error for the model calibrations were below the maximum measurement errors. The error for the quasi-steady-state calibration was 0.82 meter; for the transient calibration it was 0.33 meter.\r\n\r\nThe shape, size, and ground-water travel time within the contributing recharge area for each well or well field is affected by changes in river stage and pumping rates and by the location of the well or well field with respect to the major rivers, alluvial valley walls, and other pumping wells. The shapes of the simulated contributing recharge areas for the well fields in the study area are elongated in the upstream direction for all well-pumping/river-stage scenarios. The capture of ground water by the pumping wells as it moved downgradient toward the Missouri River caused the long up-valley extent of the contributing recharge areas. Recharge to the Iatan and Weston well fields primarily is from precipitation and surface runoff from the surrounding uplands because the contributing recharge area does not intersect the Missouri River for any well-pumping/river-stage scenarios. Recharge to the Leavenworth and Ft. Leavenworth well fields is from precipitation, surface runoff from the surrounding uplands, and the Missouri River because the contributing recharge area intersects these boundaries for all well-pumping/river-stage scenarios.\r\n\r\nParticle tracking analysis indicated ground water from the three contaminated sites was captured by the Ft. Leavenworth well field for all well-pumping/river-stage scenarios. Ground-water travel times to the Ft. Leavenworth well field for average well-pumping/river-stage scenario ranged from about 33 years for the closest contamination site to about 71 years for the farthest contamination site. Ground-water flow was induced below the Missouri River by the Ft. Leavenworth and Leavenworth well fields for all well-pumping/river-stage scenarios.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045215","usgsCitation":"Kelly, B.P., 2004, Simulation of ground-water flow, contributing recharge areas, and ground-water travel time in the Missouri River alluvial aquifer near Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5215, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045215.","productDescription":"76 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6953,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6979ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Brian P. 0000-0001-6378-2837 bkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-2837","contributorId":897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Brian","email":"bkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70236,"text":"wri20034312 - 2004 - Hydrogeology and simulation of regional ground-water-level declines in Monroe County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T11:01:48","indexId":"wri20034312","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4312","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of regional ground-water-level declines in Monroe County, Michigan","docAbstract":"Observed ground-water-level declines from 1991 to 2003 in northern Monroe County, Michigan, are consistent with increased ground-water demands in the region. In 1991, the estimated ground-water use in the county was 20 million gallons per day, and 80 percent of this total was from quarry dewatering. In 2001, the estimated ground-water use in the county was 30 million gallons per day, and 75 percent of this total was from quarry dewatering.
Prior to approximately 1990, the ground-water demands were met by capturing natural discharge from the area and by inducing leakage through glacial deposits that cover the bedrock aquifer. Increased ground-water demand after 1990 led to declines in ground-water level as the system moves toward a new steady-state. Much of the available natural discharge from the bedrock aquifer had been captured by the 1991 conditions, and the response to additional withdrawals resulted in the observed widespread decline in water levels.
The causes of the observed declines were explored through the use of a regional ground-water-flow model. The model area includes portions of Lenawee, Monroe, Washtenaw, and Wayne Counties in Michigan, and portions of Fulton, Henry, and Lucas Counties in Ohio. Factors, including lowered water-table elevations because of below average precipitation during the time period (1991 - 2001) and reduction in water supply to the bedrock aquifer because of land-use changes, were found to affect the regional system, but these factors did not explain the regional decline. Potential ground-water capture for the bedrock aquifer in Monroe County is limited by the low hydraulic conductivity of the overlying glacial deposits and shales and the presence of dense saline water within the bedrock as it dips into the Michigan Basin to the west and north of the county. Hydrogeologic features of the bedrock and the overlying glacial deposits were included in the model design. An important step of characterizing the bedrock aquifer was the determination of inputs and outputs of water—leakage from glacial deposits and flows across model boundaries. The imposed demands on the groundwater system create additional discharge from the bedrock aquifer, and this discharge is documented by records and estimates of water use including: residential and industrial use, irrigation, and quarry dewatering.
Hydrologic characterization of Monroe County and surrounding areas was used to determine the model boundaries and inputs within the ground-water model. MODFLOW-2000 was the computer model used to simulate ground-water flow. Predevelopment, 1991, and 2001 conditions were simulated with the model. The predevelopment model did not include modern water use and was compared to information from early settlement of the county. The 1991 steady-state model included modern demands on the ground-water system and was based on a significant amount of data collected for this and previous studies. The predevelopment and 1991 simulations were used to calibrate the numerical model. The simulation of 2001 conditions was based on recent data and explored the potential ground-water levels if the current conditions persist. Model results indicate that the ground-water level will stabilize in the county near current levels if the demands imposed during 2001 are held constant.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri20034312","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Reeves, H.W., Wright, K.V., and Nicholas, J., 2004, Hydrogeology and simulation of regional ground-water-level declines in Monroe County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4312, Overall Report: 124 p.; Report: viii, 72 p.; 3 Appendices: Appendix A: 20 p., Appendix B: 4 p., Appendix C: 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20034312.","productDescription":"Overall Report: 124 p.; Report: viii, 72 p.; 3 Appendices: Appendix A: 20 p., Appendix B: 4 p., Appendix C: 19 p.","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9783,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4312/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Monroe 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Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Kirsten V.","contributorId":98822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Kirsten","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicholas, J.R.","contributorId":26673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholas","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70231,"text":"fs20043076 - 2004 - Summary of hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T15:18:44","indexId":"fs20043076","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3076","title":"Summary of hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Texas","docAbstract":"The northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system in Texas, which includes the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, supplies most of the water used for industrial, municipal, agricultural, and commercial purposes for an approximately 25,000- square-mile (mi2) area that includes the Beaumont and Houston metropolitan areas. The area has an abundant amount of potable ground water, but withdrawals of large quantities of ground water have resulted in potentiometric-surface declines in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and land-surface subsidence from depressurization and compaction of clay layers interbedded in the aquifer sediments. This fact sheet summarizes a study done in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) and the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District (HGCSD) as a part of the TWDB Ground-Water Availability Modeling (or Model) (GAM) program. The study was designed to develop and test a ground-water-flow model of the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system in the GAM area (fig. 1) that waterresource managers can use as a tool to address future groundwater- availability issues.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20043076","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board and the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., and Robinson, J.L., 2004, Summary of hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the northern part of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3076, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043076.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3076/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":90501,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3076/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.02099609374999,\n 31.998759371947294\n ],\n [\n -94.23522949218749,\n 31.910204597744382\n ],\n [\n -94.9932861328125,\n 31.503629305773003\n ],\n [\n -95.63049316406249,\n 31.08586989620833\n ],\n [\n -96.13037109375,\n 30.779598396611537\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 30.49128445210015\n ],\n [\n -96.98181152343749,\n 30.268556249047702\n ],\n [\n -97.20153808593749,\n 30.102365696412395\n ],\n [\n -97.32238769531249,\n 30.0405664305846\n ],\n [\n -97.41577148437499,\n 29.94541533710443\n ],\n [\n -97.37731933593749,\n 29.82158272057499\n ],\n [\n -97.26745605468749,\n 29.69759650228319\n ],\n [\n -97.152099609375,\n 29.506549442788593\n ],\n [\n -97.1026611328125,\n 29.36302703778376\n ],\n [\n -96.95983886718749,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -96.82800292968749,\n 29.04656562272882\n ],\n [\n -96.6741943359375,\n 28.839861937967964\n ],\n [\n -96.62475585937499,\n 28.680949728554964\n ],\n [\n -96.55334472656249,\n 28.5266224186481\n ],\n [\n -96.427001953125,\n 28.36240173523821\n ],\n [\n -96.28967285156249,\n 28.386567819657188\n ],\n [\n -96.16882324218749,\n 28.46386226886912\n ],\n [\n -95.833740234375,\n 28.6038144078413\n ],\n [\n -95.19104003906249,\n 28.945668833650483\n ],\n [\n -94.72961425781249,\n 29.27681632836857\n ],\n [\n -94.69116210937499,\n 29.372601506681402\n ],\n [\n -94.1583251953125,\n 29.60211821164731\n ],\n [\n -93.94958496093749,\n 29.630771207229\n ],\n [\n -93.8287353515625,\n 29.664189403696138\n ],\n [\n -93.84521484375,\n 29.778681776917633\n ],\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 29.807284450222504\n ],\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 29.87875534603795\n ],\n [\n -93.79577636718749,\n 29.97397024051659\n ],\n [\n -93.74633789062499,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 30.11662158281935\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 30.168875561169063\n ],\n [\n -93.68591308593749,\n 30.273300428069934\n ],\n [\n -93.72436523437499,\n 30.30650325984881\n ],\n [\n -93.74084472656249,\n 30.344435586368437\n ],\n [\n -93.73535156249999,\n 30.391830328088137\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 30.472348632640834\n ],\n [\n -93.7188720703125,\n 30.552800413453546\n ],\n [\n -93.680419921875,\n 30.595365565588065\n ],\n [\n -93.6199951171875,\n 30.694611546632277\n ],\n [\n -93.5430908203125,\n 30.831497881307918\n ],\n [\n -93.5321044921875,\n 30.939924331023445\n ],\n [\n -93.526611328125,\n 31.015278981711266\n ],\n [\n -93.53759765624999,\n 31.090574094954167\n ],\n [\n -93.58154296875,\n 31.179909598664118\n ],\n [\n -93.6199951171875,\n 31.264465555752807\n ],\n [\n -93.65844726562499,\n 31.353636941500962\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 31.447410291428696\n ],\n [\n -93.79577636718749,\n 31.550452675471472\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 31.732839253650067\n ],\n [\n -94.02099609374999,\n 31.998759371947294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6991b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, James L.","contributorId":82284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70183,"text":"sir20045281 - 2004 - Characterization of water quality in Government Highline Canal at Camp 7 Diversion and Highline Lake, Mesa County, Colorado, July 2000 through September 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"sir20045281","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5281","title":"Characterization of water quality in Government Highline Canal at Camp 7 Diversion and Highline Lake, Mesa County, Colorado, July 2000 through September 2003","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Division of Parks and Recreation, collected and analyzed water-quality data for the Government Highline Canal and Highline Lake from July 2000 through September 2003. Implementation of modernization strategies for the canal, which supplies most of the water to the lake, would decrease the amount of water spilled to Highline Lake from August through October. A reduction in spill water into Highline Lake could adversely affect the recreational uses of the lake. To address this concern and to characterize the water quality in the Government Highline Canal and Highline Lake, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study to evaluate limnological conditions prior to implementation of the modernization strategies.\r\n\r\nThis report characterizes the water quality of inflow from the Government Canal and in Highline Lake prior to implementation of modernization strategies in the Government Canal. Flow entering the lake from the Government Canal was characterized using field properties and available chemical, sediment, and bacteria concentrations. Data collected at Highline Lake were used to characterize the seasonal stratification patterns, water-quality chemistry, bacteria populations, and phytoplankton community structure in the lake. Data used for this report were collected at one inflow site to the lake and four sites in Highline Lake.\r\n\r\nHighline Lake is a mesotrophic/eutrophic lake that has dimictic thermal stratification patterns. Samples collected in the photic zone indicated that there was little physical, chemical, or biological variability at this depth at any of the sampled sites in Highline Lake. Strong thermal and dissolved-oxygen stratification\r\npatterns were observed during summer. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations of less than 1 milligram per liter were observed during the summer. Ammonia likely was released from the bottom sediments of Highline Lake. The limiting nutrient in Highline Lake could be nitrogen or phosphorus.\r\n\r\nIn general, the seasonal succession of phytoplankton was similar to that of other lakes in the temperate zone. Several types of algae associated with taste and odor issues were identified in samples, but critical concentrations were not exceeded for any listed algal group with the exception of the diatom genus Cyclotella in one sample. \r\n\r\nBacteria concentrations were determined at the public swim beach at Highline Lake. E. coli samples were collected periodically by the USGS and weekly by the Colorado Division of Parks and Recreation. During the study period, no reported E. coli concentration exceeded the standard for natural swimming areas.\r\n\r\nInflow water quality was characterized by samples collected at the Camp 7 check structure on the Government Canal. Inflow water temperatures reflected the seasonal patterns of the source water in the Colorado River. The water was well oxygenated. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were low, and concentrations did not differ substantially from year to year or seasonally within a year. All samples had reportable numbers of fecal streptococcus. The maximum reported concentration of E. coli was reported at 77 colonies per 100 milliliters of sample. Suspended-sediment concentrations were relatively low.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045281","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, R.F., 2004, Characterization of water quality in Government Highline Canal at Camp 7 Diversion and Highline Lake, Mesa County, Colorado, July 2000 through September 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5281, 37 p.; 3 appendices online, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045281.","productDescription":"37 p.; 3 appendices online","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6886,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5281/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, Roderick F. rfortiz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"Roderick","email":"rfortiz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70165,"text":"sir20045265 - 2004 - Evaluation of ground-water contribution to streamflow in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of Florida and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T13:05:58","indexId":"sir20045265","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5265","title":"Evaluation of ground-water contribution to streamflow in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of Florida and South Carolina","docAbstract":"Stream-aquifer relations in the coastal area of Georgia and adjacent parts of Florida and South Carolina were evaluated as part of the Coastal Georgia Sound Science Initiative, the Georgia Environmental Protection Division's strategy to protect the Upper Floridan aquifer from saltwater intrusion. Ground-water discharge to streams was estimated using three methods: hydrograph separation, drought-streamflow measurements, and linear-regression analysis of streamflow duration. Ground-water discharge during the drought years of 1954, 1981, and 2000 was analyzed for minimum ground-water contribution to streamflow. Hydrograph separation was used to estimate baseflow at eight streamflow gaging stations during the 31-year period 1971?2001. Six additional streamflow gaging stations were evaluated using linear-regression analysis of flow duration to determine mean annual baseflow. The study area centers on three major river systems ? the Salkehatchie?Savannah?Ogeechee, Altamaha?Satilla?St Marys, and Suwannee ? that interact with the underlying ground-water system to varying degrees, largely based on the degree of incision of the river into the aquifer and on the topography. Results presented in this report are being used to calibrate a regional ground-water flow model to evaluate ground-water flow and stream-aquifer relations of the Upper Floridan aquifer. \r\n\r\nHydrograph separation indicated decreased baseflow to streams during drought periods as water levels declined in the aquifer. Average mean annual baseflow ranged from 39 to 74 percent of mean annual streamflow, with a mean contribution of 58 percent for the period 1971?2001. In a wet year (1997), baseflow composed from 33 to 70 percent of mean annual streamflow. Drought-streamflow analysis estimated baseflow contribution to streamflow ranged from 0 to 24 percent of mean annual streamflow. Linear-regression analysis of streamflow duration estimated the Q35 (flow that is equaled or exceeded 35 percent of the time) as the most reasonable estimate of baseflow. The Q35, when compared to mean annual streamflow, estimated a baseflow contribution ranging from 65 to 102 percent of streamflow. The Q35 estimate tends to overestimate baseflow as evidenced by the baseflow contribution greater than 100 percent. Ground-water contributions to streamflow are greatest during winter when evapotranspiration is low, and least during summer when evapotranspiration is high. Baseflow accounted for a larger percentage of streamflow at gaging stations in the Salkehatchie?Savannah?Ogeechee River Basin than in the other two basins. This difference is due largely to the availability of data, proximity to the Piedmont physiographic province where the major rivers originate and are by supplied ground water, and proximity to the upper Coastal Plain where there is greater topographic relief and interconnection between streams and aquifers.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045265","usgsCitation":"Priest, S., 2004, Evaluation of ground-water contribution to streamflow in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of Florida and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5265, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045265.","productDescription":"50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6879,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5265/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.507568359375,\n 30.670990790779168\n ],\n [\n -81.595458984375,\n 30.70878122625409\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 30.784317689718897\n ],\n [\n -82.034912109375,\n 30.70878122625409\n ],\n [\n -81.97998046875,\n 30.642638258763263\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 30.510216587229984\n ],\n [\n -82.012939453125,\n 30.396568538569365\n ],\n [\n -82.166748046875,\n 30.36813582872057\n ],\n [\n -82.2216796875,\n 30.462879341709886\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 30.54806979910353\n ],\n [\n -84.18823242187499,\n 30.68988785772121\n ],\n [\n -84.67163085937499,\n 32.838058359277056\n ],\n [\n -83.73779296875,\n 34.175453097578526\n ],\n [\n -81.01318359375,\n 34.266296360583546\n ],\n [\n -80.386962890625,\n 33.81110228864701\n ],\n [\n -79.815673828125,\n 32.676372772089834\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 32.43097672054704\n ],\n [\n -80.44189453125,\n 32.324275588876525\n ],\n [\n -80.518798828125,\n 32.2778445149827\n ],\n [\n -80.6781005859375,\n 32.15236189465577\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625001,\n 31.91953017247695\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 31.62064369245056\n ],\n [\n -81.23291015625,\n 31.367708915120826\n ],\n [\n -81.309814453125,\n 31.208103321325254\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 31.08586989620833\n ],\n [\n -81.419677734375,\n 30.850363469502337\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 30.68988785772121\n ],\n [\n -81.507568359375,\n 30.670990790779168\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f48b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Priest, Sherlyn","contributorId":23994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"Sherlyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70146,"text":"sir20045195 - 2004 - A method for simulating transient ground-water recharge in deep water-table settings in central Florida by using a simple water-balance/transfer-function model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:44","indexId":"sir20045195","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5195","title":"A method for simulating transient ground-water recharge in deep water-table settings in central Florida by using a simple water-balance/transfer-function model","docAbstract":"A relatively simple method is needed that provides estimates of transient ground-water recharge in deep water-table settings that can be incorporated into other hydrologic models. Deep water-table settings are areas where the water table is below the reach of plant roots and virtually all water that is not lost to surface runoff, evaporation at land surface, or evapotranspiration in the root zone eventually becomes ground-water recharge. Areas in central Florida with a deep water table generally are high recharge areas; consequently, simulation of recharge in these areas is of particular interest to water-resource managers. Yet the complexities of meteorological variations and unsaturated flow processes make it difficult to estimate short-term recharge rates, thereby confounding calibration and predictive use of transient hydrologic models.\r\n\r\nA simple water-balance/transfer-function (WBTF) model was developed for simulating transient ground-water recharge in deep water-table settings. The WBTF model represents a one-dimensional column from the top of the vegetative canopy to the water table and consists of two components: (1) a water-balance module that simulates the water storage capacity of the vegetative canopy and root zone; and (2) a transfer-function module that simulates the traveltime of water as it percolates from the bottom of the root zone to the water table. Data requirements include two time series for the period of interest?precipitation (or precipitation minus surface runoff, if surface runoff is not negligible) and evapotranspiration?and values for five parameters that represent water storage capacity or soil-drainage characteristics.\r\n\r\nA limiting assumption of the WBTF model is that the percolation of water below the root zone is a linear process. That is, percolating water is assumed to have the same traveltime characteristics, experiencing the same delay and attenuation, as it moves through the unsaturated zone. This assumption is more accurate if the moisture content, and consequently the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, below the root zone does not vary substantially with time.\r\n\r\nResults of the WBTF model were compared to those of the U.S. Geological Survey variably saturated flow model, VS2DT, and to field-based estimates of recharge to demonstrate the applicability of the WBTF model for a range of conditions relevant to deep water-table settings in central Florida. The WBTF model reproduced independently obtained estimates of recharge reasonably well for different soil types and water-table depths.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045195","usgsCitation":"O’Reilly, A.M., 2004, A method for simulating transient ground-water recharge in deep water-table settings in central Florida by using a simple water-balance/transfer-function model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5195, 3 p. online; 1 model program; 12 ancillary files; 49 p. report, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045195.","productDescription":"3 p. online; 1 model program; 12 ancillary files; 49 p. report","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6866,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2004_5195.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70147,"text":"sir20045025 - 2004 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Pennsauken Township and vicinity, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:44","indexId":"sir20045025","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5025","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Pennsauken Township and vicinity, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system is one of the primary sources of potable water in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey, particularly in heavily developed areas along the Delaware River. In Pennsauken Township, Camden County, local drinking-water supplies from this aquifer system have been contaminated by hexavalent chromium at concentrations that exceed the New Jersey maximum contaminant level. In particular, ground water at the Puchack well field has been adversely affected to the point where, since 1984, water is no longer withdrawn from this well field for public supply. The area that contains the Puchack well field was added to the National Priorities List in 1998 as a Superfund site.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a reconnaissance study from 1996 to 1998 during which hydrogeologic and water-quality data were collected and a ground-water-flow model was developed to describe the conditions in the aquifer system in the Pennsauken Township area. The current investigation by the USGS, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), is an extension of the previous study. Results of the current study can be applied to a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study conducted at the Puchack well field Superfund site.\r\n\r\nThe USGS study collected additional data on the hydrogeology and water-quality in the area. These data were incorporated into a refined model of the ground-water-flow system in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system. A finite-difference model was developed to simulate ground-water flow and the advective transport of chromium-contaminated ground water in the aquifers of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in the Pennsauken Township area. An 11-layer model was used to represent the complex hydrogeologic framework. The model was calibrated using steady-state water-level data from March 1998, April 1998, and April 2001. Water-level recovery during the shutdown of Puchack 1 during March to April 1998 was simulated to evaluate model performance in relation to changing stresses. The Delaware River contributes appreciable-flow to the ground-water system from areas where the Middle and Lower aquifers crop out beneath the river. A transient simulation of an aquifer test near the Delaware River was run to help characterize the hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed sediments represented in the model. Vertical flow across confining units between the aquifers is highly variable and is important in the movement of water and associated contaminants through the flow system. The model was imbedded within a regional model of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in Camden County.\r\n\r\nIn general, a simulation of baseline conditions, which can provide a representation on which simulations of various alternatives can be based for the feasibility study, incorporated average conditions from 1998 to 2000. Ground-water withdrawals within the model area during this period averaged about 14 Mgal/d. Regional ground-water flow is from recharge areas and from the Delaware River to downgradient pumped wells located just east of the model area in central Camden County. Simulation results show an important connection between the Intermediate sand and the Lower aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in the vicinity of the chromium-contaminated area. The Delaware River contributes nearly 10 Mgal/d to the flow system, whereas recharge contributes about 6 Mgal/d. Ground-water withdrawals within the model area account for nearly 14 Mgal/d (mostly from the Lower aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045025","usgsCitation":"Pope, D.A., and Watt, M.K., 2004, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Pennsauken Township and vicinity, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5025, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045025.","productDescription":"69 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6867,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69811c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Daryll A. dpope@usgs.gov","contributorId":3796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Daryll","email":"dpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watt, Martha K. 0000-0001-5651-3428 mwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-3428","contributorId":3275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Martha","email":"mwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140,"text":"ds74_v2 - 2004 - Long-Term Oceanographic Observations in Western Massachusetts Bay Offshore of Boston, Massachusetts: Data Report for 1989-2002","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70140,"text":"ds74_v2 - 2004 - Long-Term Oceanographic Observations in Western Massachusetts Bay Offshore of Boston, Massachusetts: Data Report for 1989-2002","indexId":"ds74_v2","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Long-Term Oceanographic Observations in Western Massachusetts Bay Offshore of Boston, Massachusetts: Data Report for 1989-2002"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97319,"text":"ds74 - 2009 - Long-term oceanographic observations in Massachusetts Bay, 1989-2006","indexId":"ds74","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Long-term oceanographic observations in Massachusetts Bay, 1989-2006"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":97319,"text":"ds74 - 2009 - Long-term oceanographic observations in Massachusetts Bay, 1989-2006","indexId":"ds74","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Long-term oceanographic observations in Massachusetts Bay, 1989-2006"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T08:21:55","indexId":"ds74_v2","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74","title":"Long-Term Oceanographic Observations in Western Massachusetts Bay Offshore of Boston, Massachusetts: Data Report for 1989-2002","docAbstract":"This data report presents long-term oceanographic observations made in western Massachusetts Bay at two locations: (1) 42 deg 22.6' N., 70 deg 47.0' W. (Site A, 33 m water depth) from December 1989 through December 2002 (figure 1), and (2) 42 deg 9.8' N., 70 deg 38.4' W. (Site B, 21 m water depth) from October 1997 through December 2002. Site A is approximately 1 km south of the new ocean outfall that began discharging treated sewage effluent from the Boston metropolitan area into Massachusetts Bay on September 6, 2000. These long-term oceanographic observations have been collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) and with logistical support from the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG - http://www.uscg.mil). This report presents time series data through December 2002, updating a similar report that presented data through December 2000 (Butman and others, 2002). In addition, the Statistics and Mean Flow sections include some new plots and tables and the format of the report has been streamlined by combining yearly figures into single .pdfs.\r\n \r\nFigure 1 (PDF format)\r\n\r\nThe long-term measurements are planned to continue at least through 2005. The long-term oceanographic observations at Sites A and B are part of a USGS study designed to understand the transport and long-term fate of sediments and associated contaminants in the Massachusetts bays. (See http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/bostonharbor/ and Butman and Bothner, 1997.) The long-term observations document seasonal and inter-annual changes in currents, hydrography, and suspended-matter concentration in western Massachusetts Bay, and the importance of infrequent catastrophic events, such as major storms or hurricanes, in sediment resuspension and transport. They also provide observations for testing numerical models of circulation.\r\n\r\nThis data report presents a description of the field program and instrumentation, an overview of the data through summary plots and statistics, and the data in NetCDF and ASCII format for the period December 1989 through December 2002 for Site A and October 1997 through December 2002 for Site B. The objective of this report is to make the data available in digital form and to provide summary plots and statistics to facilitate browsing of the long-term data set.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds74_v2","isbn":"0607928514","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., Bothner, M., Alexander, P., Lightsom, F.L., Martini, M.A., Gutierrez, B.T., and Strahle, W.S., 2004, Long-Term Oceanographic Observations in Western Massachusetts Bay Offshore of Boston, Massachusetts: Data Report for 1989-2002 (Version 2.0, Superseded by Version 3.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 74, Available online and on DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds74_v2.","productDescription":"Available online and on DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6839,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds74/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","edition":"Version 2.0, Superseded by Version 3.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63ed05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, P. Soupy sdalyander@usgs.gov","contributorId":82780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"P. Soupy","email":"sdalyander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lightsom, Frances L. 0000-0003-4043-3639 flightsom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-3639","contributorId":1535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"Frances","email":"flightsom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gutierrez, Benjamin T.","contributorId":58670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Strahle, William S.","contributorId":27920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strahle","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70129,"text":"wri034217 - 2004 - Tree-regeneration and mortality patterns and hydrologic change in a forested karst wetland--Sinking Pond, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"wri034217","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4217","title":"Tree-regeneration and mortality patterns and hydrologic change in a forested karst wetland--Sinking Pond, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Multiple lines of evidence point to climate change as the driving factor suppressing tree regeneration since 1970 in Sinking Pond, a 35-hectare seasonally flooded karst depression located on Arnold Air Force Base near Manchester, Tennessee. Annual censuses of 162-193 seedling plots from 1997 through 2001 demonstrate that the critical stage for tree survival is the transition from seedling to sapling and that this transition is limited to shallow (less than 0.5 meters) ponding depths. Recruitment of saplings to the small adult class also was restricted to shallow areas. Analysis of the spatial and elevation distribution of tree-size classes in a representative 2.3-hectare area of Sinking Pond showed a general absence of overcup oak saplings and young adults in deep (ponding depth greater than 1 meter) and intermediate (ponding depth 0.5-1 meter) areas, even though overcup oak seedlings and mature trees are concentrated in these areas. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of tree rings from 45 trees sampled in a 2.3-hectare spatial-analysis plot showed an even distribution of tree ages across ponding-depth classes from the 1800s through 1970, followed by complete suppression of recruitment in deep and intermediate areas after 1970. Trees younger than 30 years were spatially and vertically concentrated in a small area with shallow ponding depth, about 0.5 meter below the spillway elevation. Results of hydrologic modeling, based on rainfall and temperature records covering the period January 1854 through September 2002, show ponding durations after 1970 considerably longer than historical norms, across ponding-depth classes. This increase in ponding duration corresponds closely with similar increases documented in published analyses of streamflow and precipitation in the eastern United States and with the suppression of tree regeneration at ponding depths greater than 0.5 meter indicated by tree-ring analysis. Comparison of the simulated stage record for Sinking Pond with the ages and elevations of sampled trees shows that prolonged (200 days or more per year) inundation in more than 2 of the first 5 years after germination is inversely related to successful tree recruitment and that such inundation was rare before 1970 and common afterwards.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034217","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, W., Evans, J.P., McCarthy, S., Gain, W.S., and Bryan, B.A., 2004, Tree-regeneration and mortality patterns and hydrologic change in a forested karst wetland--Sinking Pond, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4217, 62 p., glossary, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034217.","productDescription":"62 p., glossary","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6836,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri03-4217/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William J.","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Jonathan P.","contributorId":66962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarthy, Sarah","contributorId":13097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gain, W. Scott wsgain@usgs.gov","contributorId":346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W.","email":"wsgain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":281916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bryan, Bradley A.","contributorId":84093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70112,"text":"sir20045235 - 2004 - Phosphorus and suspended sediment load estimates for the Lower Boise River, Idaho, 1994-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"sir20045235","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5235","title":"Phosphorus and suspended sediment load estimates for the Lower Boise River, Idaho, 1994-2002","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey used LOADEST, newly developed load estimation software, to develop regression equations and estimate loads of total phosphorus (TP), dissolved orthophosphorus (OP), and suspended sediment (SS) from January 1994 through September 2002 at four sites on the lower Boise River: Boise River below Diversion Dam near Boise, Boise River at Glenwood Bridge at Boise, Boise River near Middleton, and Boise River near Parma. The objective was to help the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality develop and implement total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) by providing spatial and temporal resolution for phosphorus and sediment loads and enabling load estimates made by mass balance calculations to be refined and validated. \r\n\r\nRegression models for TP and OP generally were well fit on the basis of regression coefficients of determination (R2), but results varied in quality from site to site. The TP and OP results for Glenwood probably were affected by the upstream wastewater-treatment plant outlet, which provides a variable phosphorus input that is unrelated to river discharge. Regression models for SS generally were statistically well fit. Regression models for Middleton for all constituents, although statistically acceptable, were of limited usefulness because sparse and intermittent discharge data at that site caused many gaps in the resulting estimates.\r\n\r\nAlthough the models successfully simulated measured loads under predominant flow conditions, errors in TP and SS estimates at Middleton and in TP estimates at Parma were larger during high- and low-flow conditions. This shortcoming might be improved if additional concentration data for a wider range of flow conditions were available for calibrating the model. \r\n\r\nThe average estimated daily TP load ranged from less than 250 pounds per day (lb/d) at Diversion to nearly 2,200 lb/d at Parma. Estimated TP loads at all four sites displayed cyclical variations coinciding with seasonal fluctuations in discharge. Estimated annual loads of TP ranged from less than 8 tons at Diversion to 570 tons at Parma. Annual loads of dissolved OP peaked in 1997 at all sites and were consistently higher at Parma than at the other sites.\r\n\r\nThe ratio of OP to TP varied considerably throughout the year at all sites. Peaks in the OP:TP ratio occurred primarily when flows were at their lowest annual stages; estimated seasonal OP:TP ratios were highest in autumn at all sites. Conversely, when flows were high, the ratio was low, reflecting increased TP associated with particulate matter during high flows. Parma exhibited the highest OP:TP ratio during all seasons, at least 0.60 in spring and nearly 0.90 in autumn. Similar OP:TP ratios were estimated at Glenwood. Whereas the OP:TP ratio for Parma and Glenwood peaked in November or December, decreased from January through May, and increased again after June, estimates for Diversion showed nearly the opposite pattern ? ratios were highest in July and lowest in January and February. This difference might reflect complex biological and geochemical processes involving nutrient cycling in Lucky Peak Lake, but further data are needed to substantiate this hypothesis. \r\n\r\nEstimated monthly average SS loads were highest at Diversion, about 400 tons per day (ton/d). Average annual loads from 1994 through 2002 were 144,000 tons at Diversion, 33,000 tons at Glenwood, and 88,000 tons at Parma. Estimated SS loads peaked in the spring at all sites, coinciding with high flows. \r\n\r\nIncreases in TP in the reach from Diversion to Glenwood ranged from 200 to 350 lb/d. Decreases in TP were small in this reach only during high flows in January and February 1997. Decreases in SS, were large during high-flow conditions indicating sediment deposition in the reach. Intermittent data at Middleton indicated that increases and decreases in TP in the reach from Glenwood to Middleton were during low- and high-flow conditions, respectively. All constituents increased in the r","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045235","usgsCitation":"Donato, M.M., and MacCoy, D.E., 2004, Phosphorus and suspended sediment load estimates for the Lower Boise River, Idaho, 1994-2002 (Online only, Version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5235, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045235.","productDescription":"30 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6795,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","edition":"Online only, Version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donato, Mary M.","contributorId":30962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donato","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacCoy, Dorene E. 0000-0001-6810-4728 demaccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6810-4728","contributorId":948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"Dorene","email":"demaccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70120,"text":"sir20045054 - 2004 - Simulation of the ground-water-flow system in the Kalamazoo County area, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-17T20:19:07.726868","indexId":"sir20045054","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5054","title":"Simulation of the ground-water-flow system in the Kalamazoo County area, Michigan","docAbstract":"A ground-water-flow model was developed to investigate the ground-water resources of Kalamazoo County. Ground water is widely used as a source of water for drinking and industry in Kalamazoo County and the surrounding area. Additionally, lakes and streams are valued for their recreational and aesthetic uses. Stresses on the ground-water system, both natural and human-induced, have raised concerns about the long-term availability of ground water for people to use and for replenishment of lakes and streams. Potential changes in these stresses, including withdrawals and recharge, were simulated using a ground-water-flow model.
Simulations included steady-state conditions (in which stresses remained constant and changes in storage were not included) and transient conditions (in which stresses changed in seasonal and monthly time scales and storage within the system was included). Steady-state simulations were used to investigate the long-term effects on water levels and streamflow of a reduction in recharge or an increase in pumping to projected 2010 withdrawal rates, withdrawal and application of water for irrigation, and a reduction in recharge in urban areas caused by impervious surfaces. Transient simulations were used to investigate changes in withdrawals to match seasonal and monthly patterns under various recharge conditions, and the potential effects of the use of water for irrigation over the summer months.
With a reduction in recharge, simulated water levels declined over most of the model area in Kalamazoo County; with an increase in pumping, water levels declined primarily near pumping centers. Because withdrawals by wells intercept water that would have discharged possibly to a stream or lake, model simulations indicated that streamflow was reduced with increased withdrawals. With withdrawal and consumption of water for irrigation, simulated water levels declined. Assuming a reduction in recharge due to urbanization, water levels declined and flow to streams was reduced based on steady-state simulation results. Transient results indicated a reduction of water levels with the simulated use of water for irrigation over the summer months. Generally the transient simulation with recharge only in the winter provided the best fit to observed water levels collected during synoptic water-level measurements in some wells and to the trends observed in water levels for other wells.
Analysis of the regional hydrologic budgets provides an increased understanding of water movement within the ground-water-flow system in Kalamazoo County. Budgets for the steady-state simulations indicated that with reduced recharge, less water was available for streamflow and less water left the model area through the model boundaries. Similarly, with an increase in pumping rates, less water was available to enter streams and become streamflow. When recharge was assumed to remain constant and when it was allowed to vary throughout the year, the amount of water that entered storage was greater than that which left storage. However, when recharge was distributed through October?May only or when recharge rates were reduced from October to May, the amount of water that entered storage was less than that which left storage. Thus, on the basis of model simulations, with reduced recharge or increased withdrawals, water must come from storage, rivers, or from ground-flow-system boundaries to meet withdrawal demands.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Kalamazoo, city of Portage, Kalamazoo County Human Services Department, and Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Luukkonen, C.L., Blumer, S.P., Weaver, T.L., and Jean, J., 2004, Simulation of the ground-water-flow system in the Kalamazoo County area, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5054, vii, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045054.","productDescription":"vii, 65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6832,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":352751,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5054/SIR2004-5054.pdf"},{"id":191592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20045054.JPG"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Kalamazoo County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86,\n 42.616667\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 41.866667\n ],\n [\n -85,\n 41.866667\n ],\n [\n -85,\n 42.616667\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 42.616667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6974e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luukkonen, Carol L. clluukko@usgs.gov","contributorId":3489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"Carol","email":"clluukko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blumer, Stephen P. spblumer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumer","given":"Stephen","email":"spblumer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":281902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, T. L.","contributorId":24339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jean, Julie","contributorId":75640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jean","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70107,"text":"sir20045207 - 2004 - Assessment of soil and water contaminants from selected locations in and near the Idaho Army National Guard Orchard Training Area, Ada County, Idaho, 2001-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"sir20045207","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5207","title":"Assessment of soil and water contaminants from selected locations in and near the Idaho Army National Guard Orchard Training Area, Ada County, Idaho, 2001-2003","docAbstract":"In 2001, the National Guard Bureau and the U.S. Geological Survey began a project to compile hydrogeologic data and determine presence or absence of soil, surface-water, and ground-water contamination at the Idaho Army National Guard Orchard Training Area in southwestern Idaho. Between June 2002 and April 2003, a total of 114 soil, surface-water, ground-water, precipitation, or dust samples were collected from 68 sample sites (65 different locations) in the Orchard Training Area (OTA) or along the vehicle corridor to the OTA. Soil and water samples were analyzed for concentrations of selected total trace metals, major ions, nutrients, explosive compounds, semivolatile organics, and petroleum hydrocarbons. Water samples also were analyzed for concentrations of selected dissolved trace metals and major ions.\r\n\r\nDistinguishing naturally occurring large concentrations of trace metals, major ions, and nutrients from contamination related to land and water uses at the OTA was difficult. There were no historical analyses for this area to compare with modern data, and although samples were collected from 65 locations in and near the OTA, sampled areas represented only a small part of the complex OTA land-use areas and soil types. For naturally occurring compounds, several assumptions were made?anomalously large concentrations, when tied to known land uses, may indicate presence of contamination; naturally occurring concentrations cannot be separated from contamination concentrations in mid- and lower ranges of data; and smallest concentrations may represent the lowest naturally occurring range of concentrations and (or) the absence of contaminants related to land and water uses. Presence of explosive, semivolatile organic (SVOC), and petroleum hydrocarbon compounds in samples indicates contamination from land and water uses.\r\n\r\nIn areas along the vehicle corridor and major access roads within the OTA, most trace metal, major ion, and nutrient concentrations in soil samples were not in the upper 10th percentile of data, but concentrations of 25 metals, ions, or nutrients were in the upper 10th percentile in a puddle sample near the heavy equipment maneuvering area, MPRC-H. The largest concentrations of tin, ammonia, and nitrite plus nitrate (as nitrogen) in water from the OTA were detected in a sample from this puddle. Petroleum hydrocarbons were the most common contaminant, detected in all soil and surface-water samples. An SVOC, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a plasticizer, was detected at a site along the vehicle corridor.\r\n\r\nIn Maneuver Areas within the OTA, many soil samples contained at least one trace metal, major ion, or nutrient in the upper 10th percentile of data, and the largest concentrations of cobalt, iron, mercury, titanium, sodium, ammonia, or total phosphorus were detected in 6 of 13 soil samples outside the Tadpole Lake area. The largest concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, beryllium, nickel, selenium, silver, strontium, thallium, vanadium, chloride, potassium, sulfate, and nitrite plus nitrate were detected in soil samples from the Tadpole Lake area. Water from Tadpole Lake contained the largest total concentrations of 19 trace metals, 4 major ions, and 1 nutrient. Petroleum hydrocarbons were detected in 5 soil samples and water from Tadpole Lake. SVOCs related to combustion of fuel or plasticizers were detected in 1 soil sample. Explosive compounds were detected in 1 precipitation sample.In the \r\n\r\nImpact Area within the OTA, most soil samples contained at least one trace metal, major ion, or nutrient in the upper 10th percentile of data, and the largest concentrations of barium, chromium, copper, manganese, lead, or orthophosphate were detected in 6 of the 18 soil samples. Petroleum hydrocarbons were detected in 4 soil samples, SVOCs in 6 samples, and explosive compounds in 4 samples.\r\n\r\nIn the mobilization and training equipment site (MATES) compound adjacent to the OTA, all soil and water samples contained at lea","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045207","usgsCitation":"Parliman, D., 2004, Assessment of soil and water contaminants from selected locations in and near the Idaho Army National Guard Orchard Training Area, Ada County, Idaho, 2001-2003 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5207, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045207.","productDescription":"78 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6793,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parliman, D. J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70072,"text":"sir20045214 - 2004 - Water resources of Sweetwater County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"sir20045214","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5214","title":"Water resources of Sweetwater County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Sweetwater County is located in the southwestern part of Wyoming and is the largest county in the State. A study to quantify the availability and describe the chemical quality of surface-water and ground-water resources in Sweetwater County was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer\u0019s Office. Most of the county has an arid climate. For this reason a large amount of the flow in perennial streams within the county is derived from outside the county. Likewise, much of the ground-water recharge to aquifers within the county is from flows into the county, and occurs slowly. Surface-water data were not collected as part of the study. Evaluations of streamflow and stream-water quality were limited to analyses of historical data and descriptions of previous investigations. Forty-six new ground-water-quality samples were collected as part of the study and the results from an additional 782 historical ground-water-quality samples were reviewed. Available hydrogeologic characteristics for various aquifers throughout the county also are described.\r\n\r\nFlow characteristics of streams in Sweetwater County vary substantially depending on regional and local basin characteristics and anthropogenic factors. Because precipitation amounts in the county are small, most streams in the county are ephemeral, flowing only as a result of regional or local rainfall or snowmelt runoff. Flows in perennial streams in the county generally are a result of snowmelt runoff in the mountainous headwater areas to the north, west, and south of the county. Flow characteristics of most perennial streams are altered substantially by diversions and regulation.\r\nWater-quality characteristics of selected streams in and near Sweetwater County during water years 1974 through 1983 were variable. Concentrations of dissolved constituents, suspended sediment, and bacteria generally were smallest at sites on the Green River because of resistant geologic units, increased vegetative cover, large diluting streamflows, and large reservoirs. Concentrations of dissolved constituents, suspended sediment, and bacteria generally were largest at sites in the Big Sandy River and Bitter Creek Basins. Some nutrient concentrations and bacteria counts exceeded various State and Federal water-quality criteria. Historical and recent anthropogenic activities contributed to natural sources of many dissolved constituents and suspended sediment.\r\n\r\nBoth water-table and artesian conditions occur in aquifers within the county. Shallow ground water is available throughout the county, although much of it is only marginally suitable or is unsuitable for domestic and irrigation uses mainly because of high total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations. Suitable ground water for livestock use can be found in most areas of the county. Ground-water quality tends to deteriorate with increasing distance from recharge areas and with increasing depth below land surface. Ground water from depths of greater than a few thousand feet tends to have TDS concentrations that make it moderately saline to briny. In some areas even shallow ground water has moderately saline TDS concentrations. Specific constituents in parts of some aquifers in the county occur in relatively high concentrations when compared to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards. Relatively high concentrations of sulfate, fluoride, boron, iron, and manganese were found in several aquifers. Many ground-water samples from the Battle Spring aquifer in the Great Divide Structural Basin had high radionuclide concentrations.\r\n\r\nThe estimated mean daily water use in Sweetwater County in 2000 was 170.73 million gallons per day. Irrigation was the largest single use of water in the county with an estimated mean use of more than 92 million gallons per day. Surface water irrigation accounted for nearly 90 percent of the total irrigation water used in 2000. Although ground water is used to a much ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045214","usgsCitation":"Mason, J., and Miller, K.A., 2004, Water resources of Sweetwater County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5214, 196 p. and 4 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045214.","productDescription":"196 p. and 4 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6743,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20045214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"5000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4835e4b07f02db4ed484","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, Jon P.","contributorId":26758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Jon P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Kirk A. 0000-0002-8141-2001 kmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-2001","contributorId":3959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kirk","email":"kmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021,"text":"ofr20041445 - 2004 - Initial results of a 2D burial/thermal history model, central Appalachian basin, Ohio and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:52","indexId":"ofr20041445","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1445","title":"Initial results of a 2D burial/thermal history model, central Appalachian basin, Ohio and West Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041445","usgsCitation":"Rowan, E., Ryder, R.T., Repetski, J., Trippi, M., and Ruppert, L., 2004, Initial results of a 2D burial/thermal history model, central Appalachian basin, Ohio and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1445, 28 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041445.","productDescription":"28 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6690,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1445/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, E. L. 0000-0001-5753-6189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":34921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, R. T.","contributorId":96673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repetski, J.E.","contributorId":38579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trippi, M.H. 0000-0002-1398-3427","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":22445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019,"text":"ofr20041447 - 2004 - A preliminary assessment of geologic framework and sediment thickness studies relevant to prospective US submission on extended continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:36","indexId":"ofr20041447","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1447","title":"A preliminary assessment of geologic framework and sediment thickness studies relevant to prospective US submission on extended continental shelf","docAbstract":"Under the provisions of Articles 76 and 77 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), coastal States have sovereign rights over the continental shelf territory beyond 200-nautical mile (nm) from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured if certain conditions are met regarding the geologic and physiographic character of the legal continental shelf as defined in those articles. These claims to an extended continental shelf must be supported by relevant bathymetric, geophysical and geological data according to guidelines established by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS, 1999). In anticipation of the United States becoming party to UNCLOS, Congress in 2001 directed the Joint Hydrographic Center/Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire to conduct a study to evaluate data relevant to establishing the outer limit of the juridical continental shelf beyond 200 nm and to recommend what additional data might be needed to substantiate such an outer limit (Mayer and others, 2002). The resulting report produced an impressive and sophisticated GIS database of data sources. Because of the short time allowed to complete the report, all seismic reflection data were classified together; the authors therefore recommended that USGS perform additional analysis on seismic and related data holdings. The results of this additional analysis are the substance of this report, including the status of geologic framework, sediment isopach research, and resource potential in the eight regions1 identified by Mayer and others (2002) where analysis of seismic data might be crucial for establishing an outer limit .\r\n\r\nSeismic reflection and refraction data are essential in determining sediment thickness, one of the criteria used in establishing the outer limits of the juridical continental shelf. Accordingly, the initial task has been to inventory public-domain seismic data sources, primarily those regionally extensive data held within the Department of the Interior (DOI). The numerous seismic reflection and refraction surveys collected prior to 1970 by academic and governmental institutions are generally not included in this compilation, except where they provide unique data in a region. These data sources were omitted from this report because they were deemed to be of insufficient quality (poorly navigated or low resolution) to meet the CLCS standards for a submission, or they were redundant with higher-quality, more modern data. Hence, this report attempts to identify those data sets of highest utility for establishing the outer limits of the juridical continental shelf. If there was any ambiguity or uncertainty about the relevance of a data set to a continental shelf submission, either by its quality, location, or other parameter, it was included in this compilation. This report does not summarize other geophysical data (such as marine magnetics or gravity) that might be relevant to understanding crustal provenance and geological continuity.\r\n\r\nDetailed metadata tables and maps are included to facilitate the location and utilization of these sources when a comprehensive assessment (?desktop study?) is undertaken.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041447","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., Childs, J.R., Hammar-Klose, E., Dadisman, S., Edgar, N.T., and Barth, G., 2004, A preliminary assessment of geologic framework and sediment thickness studies relevant to prospective US submission on extended continental shelf: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1447, CD-ROM only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041447.","productDescription":"CD-ROM only","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6249,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1447/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab29d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Childs, Jonathan R. jchilds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"Jonathan","email":"jchilds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammar-Klose, Erika","contributorId":36227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammar-Klose","given":"Erika","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn","contributorId":56735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edgar, N. Terrence","contributorId":102149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"Terrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barth, Ginger A. gbarth@usgs.gov","contributorId":3595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"Ginger A.","email":"gbarth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":281679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}