In western North America, where infestations of mountain pine beetles continue to ravage thousands of acres of forest lands, Landsat satellites bear witness to the onslaught in a way that neither humans nor most other satellites can see.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Landsat—The watchman that never sleeps (ver. 1.1, September 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3045, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20163045.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075237","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3045/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":367509,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3045/versionHist.txt","size":"1.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":367508,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3045/fs20163045_2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"998 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 2016–3045"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: July 12, 2016; Version 1.1 September 18, 2019","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
A wildfire’s devastation of forest and rangeland seldom ends when the last embers die. In the western United States, rain on a scorched mountainside can turn ash into mudslides. Debris flows unleashed by rainstorms can put nearby homes into harm’s way and send people scrambling for safety. The infrared capabilities of Landsat satellite imagery provide vita information about potential dangers after a wildfire.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, When wildfire damage threatens humans, Landsat provides answers (ver. 1.1, September 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3044, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20163044.\n","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075238","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367506,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3044/fs20163044_2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"931 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 2016–3044"},{"id":367507,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3044/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":325038,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3044/coverthb2.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: July 12, 2016; Version 1.1 September 18, 2019","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Phosphorus data were collected from the Kent Park Lake watershed in Johnson County, Iowa, in 2014 and 2015 to obtain information to assist in the management of the water quality in the lake. Phosphorus concentrations were measured for sediment from several ponds in the watershed and sediment deposited in the lake. The first set of samples was collected in 2014 to understand phosphorus in several potential sources to the lake and the spatial variability in lake sediments. Phosphorus concentrations ranged from 68 to 380 milligrams per kilogram in lake sediment and from 57 to 220 milligrams per kilogram in sedimentation and dredge spoil ponds. Additional samples were collected in 2015 to determine how phosphorus concentrations vary with depth in the lake sediment. Phosphorus concentrations generally decreased with increasing depth within the lake sediment. In 2015, total phosphorus concentrations in lake sediment ranged from 50 to 340 milligrams per kilogram.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Johnson County Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S.J., 2016, Phosphorus in sediment in the Kent Park Lake watershed, Johnson County, Iowa, 2014–15: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1001, 18 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds1001.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-071552","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1001/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325077,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1001/ds1001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.82 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Data Series 1001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Johnson County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.3677,41.8603],[-91.3673,41.7745],[-91.3675,41.6855],[-91.3671,41.5987],[-91.3679,41.5107],[-91.3687,41.4235],[-91.4839,41.4222],[-91.4843,41.4286],[-91.492,41.4405],[-91.5033,41.4493],[-91.5026,41.452],[-91.4989,41.4538],[-91.4988,41.4592],[-91.5145,41.4676],[-91.5156,41.4704],[-91.5136,41.4767],[-91.5038,41.4779],[-91.5029,41.4874],[-91.5039,41.4933],[-91.5076,41.4939],[-91.5107,41.4944],[-91.5112,41.4971],[-91.508,41.5016],[-91.5098,41.5034],[-91.5117,41.5016],[-91.5148,41.4985],[-91.5197,41.4981],[-91.5196,41.5027],[-91.5281,41.5078],[-91.528,41.511],[-91.5991,41.5107],[-91.7138,41.511],[-91.8291,41.5116],[-91.827,41.6001],[-91.8337,41.6006],[-91.8335,41.6865],[-91.8327,41.775],[-91.8318,41.8617],[-91.716,41.862],[-91.5989,41.8612],[-91.4836,41.8608],[-91.3677,41.8603]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Johnson\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Iowa Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 1230
Iowa City, IA 52244
The Hells Canyon Complex (HCC) is a hydroelectric project built and operated by the Idaho Power Company (IPC) that consists of three dams on the Snake River along the Oregon and Idaho border (fig. 1). The dams have resulted in the creation of Brownlee, Oxbow, and Hells Canyon Reservoirs, which have a combined storage capacity of more than 1.5 million acre-feet and span about 90 miles of the Snake River. The Snake River upstream of and through the HCC historically has been impaired by water-quality issues related to excessive contributions of nutrients, algae, sediment, and other pollutants. In addition, historical data collected since the 1960s from the Snake River and tributaries near the HCC have documented high concentrations of mercury in fish tissue and sediment (Harris and Beals, 2013). Data collected from more recent investigations within the HCC continue to indicate elevated concentrations of mercury and methylmercury in the water column, bottom sediments, and biota (Clark and Maret, 1998; Essig, 2010; Fosness and others, 2013). As a result, Brownlee and Hells Canyon Reservoirs are listed as impaired for mercury by the State of Idaho, and the Snake River from the Oregon and Idaho border through the HCC downstream to the Oregon and Washington border is listed as impaired for mercury by the State of Oregon.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163051","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.M., Naymik, Jesse, Krabbenhoft, D.P., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Aiken, G.R., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Harris, R.C., and Myers, Ralph, 2016, Mercury cycling in the Hells Canyon Complex of the Snake River, Idaho and Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016-3051, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163051.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072163","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3051/fs20163051.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3051 Fact Sheet PDF"},{"id":325056,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3051/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Brownlee Dam, Hells Canyon Dam, Oxbow Dam, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 46.4\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 46.4\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 43.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center,
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road, Boise, Idaho 83702
http://id.water.usgs.gov/
This study describes channel changes following completion of the Provo River Restoration Project (PRRP), the largest stream restoration project in Utah and one of the largest projects in the United States in which a gravel-bed river was fully reconstructed. We summarize project objectives and the design process, and we analyze monitoring data collected during the first 7 years after project completion. Post-project channel adjustment during the study period included two phases: (i) an initial phase of rapid, but small-scale, adjustment during the first years after stream flow was introduced to the newly constructed channel and (ii) a subsequent period of more gradual topographic adjustment and channel migration. Analysis of aerial imagery and ground-survey data demonstrate that the channel has been more dynamic in the downstream 4 km where a local source contributes a significant annual supply of bed material. Here, the channel migrates and exhibits channel adjustments that are more consistent with project objectives. The upstream 12 km of the PRRP are sediment starved, the channel has been laterally stable, and this condition may not be consistent with large-scale project objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.07.018","usgsCitation":"Erwin, S.O., Schmidt, J.C., and Allred, T.M., 2016, Post-project geomorphic assessment of a large process-based river restoration project: Geomorphology, v. 270, p. 145-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.07.018.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059645","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.34300231933592,\n 40.61343119773193\n ],\n [\n -111.39038085937499,\n 40.614994915836924\n ],\n [\n -111.39244079589844,\n 40.64261456761013\n ],\n [\n -111.41853332519531,\n 40.670222795307346\n ],\n [\n -111.44256591796875,\n 40.65303410892721\n ],\n [\n -111.45423889160156,\n 40.62646106367355\n ],\n [\n -111.45561218261719,\n 40.59257812608644\n ],\n [\n -111.4892578125,\n 40.488215202002614\n ],\n [\n -111.53800964355467,\n 40.415064437473674\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 40.387873874881834\n ],\n [\n -111.48994445800781,\n 40.3805514624311\n ],\n [\n -111.46591186523438,\n 40.39937891475059\n ],\n [\n -111.43775939941406,\n 40.45373976275493\n ],\n [\n -111.4398193359375,\n 40.49709237269567\n ],\n [\n -111.4398193359375,\n 40.51797520038851\n ],\n [\n -111.43089294433594,\n 40.54772199417569\n ],\n [\n -111.41372680664061,\n 40.57276168240752\n ],\n [\n -111.40205383300781,\n 40.58579947707732\n ],\n [\n -111.37596130371094,\n 40.58997103470642\n ],\n [\n -111.34300231933592,\n 40.58840673108871\n ],\n [\n -111.31484985351562,\n 40.589449604232975\n ],\n [\n -111.31278991699219,\n 40.6113461833302\n ],\n [\n -111.34300231933592,\n 40.61343119773193\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"270","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db68e4b0589fa1c7ea07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, Susannah O. 0000-0002-2799-0118 serwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-0118","contributorId":5183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"Susannah","email":"serwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allred, Tyler M.","contributorId":173170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allred","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27172,"text":"Allred Restoration, Inc., Tremonton, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174067,"text":"cir1421 - 2016 - Recent trends in the nonfuel minerals industry of Iran","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T21:00:43","indexId":"cir1421","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-11T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1421","title":"Recent trends in the nonfuel minerals industry of Iran","docAbstract":"In response to the recent removal of international sanctions on Iran, including the lifting of “secondary” sanctions by the United States on investment into and trade with Iran, the U.S. Geological Survey National Minerals Information Center compiled and analyzed available information on the current state of Iran’s nonfuel minerals industry. This Circular features a new map and table that identify existing mines and mineral-processing facilities and provide information on location, ownership, and capacity for metals and industrial minerals whose output levels may substantially change in the near future. Additionally, the report covers Iran’s mineral resources and reserves, official mineral production targets for 2025, and current output and share of global mineral production. Recent trends and developments in individual mineral commodities are discussed, including mineral exploration and partnerships with foreign investors.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey estimated that Iran held globally significant reserves of feldspar (2d largest in the world), barite (5th largest), gypsum (5th largest), fluorspar (8th largest), and iron ore (10th largest). The Government of Iran claimed to also have significant reserves of chromium, copper, gold, manganese, phosphate rock, and zinc. In 2014, Iran was the second-leading producer of gypsum and the sixth-leading producer of barite, with 6.1 percent and 3.6 percent of world output, respectively. Iran was also the world’s 7th-leading producer of cement, feldspar, and fluorspar; 8th-leading producer of bentonite; 9th-leading producer of molybdenum; 11th-leading producer of iron ore; and 14th-leading producer of crude steel. The Government of Iran plans to quadruple the output of aluminum, copper cathode, direct-reduced iron, and iron ore pellets; triple that of crude steel and gold; and double that of cement, pig iron, and zinc by 2025. It also plans to double the contribution of mining and to quadruple that of mineral processing to the national economy in the next decade. In order to achieve these major goals, the construction and expansion of several mines and mineral facilities are planned or under development. Whether Iran’s annual mineral production increases as rapidly as envisioned by the Government will depend largely on the amount of foreign investment into the minerals industry; integration of modern technology into mineral facilities; and availability of energy to aluminum, copper, and steel plants at competitive prices to international investors.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1421","isbn":"978-1-4113-4066-4","usgsCitation":"Hastorun, Sinan, Renaud, K.M., and Lederer, G.W., 2016, Recent trends in the nonfuel minerals industry of Iran:\nU.S. Geological Survey Circular 1421, 18 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/cir1421.","productDescription":"v, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075384","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324839,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1421/circ1421.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIRC 1421"},{"id":324838,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1421/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
Or visit the USGS Minerals Information Web site at http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/
","tableOfContents":"Suspended-sediment characteristics can be computed using acoustic indices derived from acoustic Doppler velocity meter (ADVM) backscatter data. The sediment acoustic index method applied in these types of studies can be used to more accurately and cost-effectively provide time-series estimates of suspended-sediment concentration and load, which is essential for informed solutions to many sediment-related environmental, engineering, and agricultural concerns. Advantages of this approach over other sediment surrogate methods include: (1) better representation of cross-sectional conditions from large measurement volumes, compared to other surrogate instruments that measure data at a single point; (2) high temporal resolution of collected data; (3) data integrity when biofouling is present; and (4) less rating curve hysteresis compared to streamflow as a surrogate. An additional advantage of this technique is the potential expansion of monitoring suspended-sediment concentrations at sites with existing ADVMs used in streamflow velocity monitoring. This report provides much-needed standard techniques for sediment acoustic index methods to help ensure accurate and comparable documented results.
\nA sediment acoustic index gage is used to collect continuous acoustic backscatter data, using an ADVM deployed in a fixed location, which are related to results from discrete suspended-sediment samples. The raw ADVM backscatter data are adjusted for variables affecting backscatter other than the sediment concentration to compute the sediment-corrected backscatter (SCB) and sediment attenuation coefficient (SAC). The sediment acoustic index rating (rating) is then developed by relating the sediment characteristics from the periodic samples to the SCB and (or) SAC and other explanatory variables in a site-specific, instrument-specific, simple or multiple linear regression model. The rating is reviewed and checked to ensure the technique has been applied appropriately. This review includes an assessment of the theoretical soundness, the adequacy of the model calibration dataset, and the quality of the regression model and regression diagnostics. The rating can then be applied to the acoustic surrogates and other explanatory variables to obtain continuous records of computed suspended-sediment concentration. The estimates of suspended-sediment concentration can then be paired with streamflow data, if available, to compute continuous records of suspended-sediment load.
\nOnce developed, sediment acoustic index ratings must be validated with additional suspended-sediment samples, beyond the period of record used in the rating development, to verify that the regression model continues to adequately represent sediment conditions within the stream. Changes in ADVM configuration or installation, or replacement with another ADVM, may require development of a new rating. The best practices described in this report can be used to develop continuous estimates of suspended-sediment concentration and load using sediment acoustic surrogates to enable more informed and accurate responses to diverse sedimentation issues.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section C: Sediment and erosion techniques in Book 3: Applications of Hydraulics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm3C5","usgsCitation":"Landers, M.N., Straub, T.D., Wood, M.S., and Domanski, M.M., 2016, Sediment acoustic index method for computing continuous suspended-sediment concentrations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 3, chap. C5, 63 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm3C5.","productDescription":"vii, 63 p.","endPage":"83","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062080","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324847,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/03/c05/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":324848,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/03/c05/tm3c5.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 3C-05"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 5 of Section C: Sediment and erosion techniques in Book 3: Applications of Hydraulics.","contact":"Chief, Office of Surface Water
U.S. Geological Survey
415 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
(703) 648-5301
Or visit the Office of Surface Water Web site at: http://water.usgs.gov/osw/
","tableOfContents":"Livestock fences have been hypothesized to significantly contribute to mortality of lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus); however, quantification of mortality due to fence collisions is lacking across their current distribution. Variation in fence density, landscape composition and configuration, and land use could influence collision risk of lesser prairie-chickens. We monitored fences within 3 km of known leks during spring and fall and surveyed for signs of collision occurrence within 20 m of fences in 6 study sites in Kansas and Colorado, USA during 2013 and 2014. We assessed mortality locations of radio-tagged birds (n = 286) for evidence of fence collisions and compared distance to fence relative to random points. Additionally, we quantified locations, propensity, and frequency of fences crossed by lesser prairie-chickens. We tested for landscape and vegetative characteristics that influenced fence-cross propensity and frequency of global positioning system (GPS)-marked birds. A minimum of 12,706 fence crossings occurred by GPS-marked lesser prairie-chickens. We found 3 carcasses and 12 additional possible instances of evidence of collision during >2,800 km of surveyed fences. We found evidence for a single suspected collision based on carcass evidence for 148 mortalities of transmittered birds. Mortality locations of transmittered birds were located at distances from fences 15% farther than expected at random. Our data suggested minimal biological significance and indicated that propensity and frequency of fence crossings were random processes. Lesser prairie-chickens do not appear to be experiencing significant mortality risk due to fence collisions in Kansas and Colorado. Focusing resources on other limiting factors (i.e., habitat quality) has greater potential for impact on population demography than fence marking and removal.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.1073","usgsCitation":"Robinson, S.G., Haukos, D.A., Plumb, R.T., Hagen, C.A., Pitman, J.C., Lautenbach, J.M., Sullins, D.S., Kraft, J.D., and Lautenbach, J.D., 2016, Lesser prairie-chicken fence collision risk across its northern distribution: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 5, p. 906-915, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1073.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"906","endPage":"915","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071444","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784b51de4b0e02680bdc5e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Samantha G.","contributorId":172786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Samantha","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plumb, Reid T.","contributorId":172787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plumb","given":"Reid","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hagen, Christian A.","contributorId":107574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagen","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pitman, James C.","contributorId":40529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lautenbach, Joseph M.","contributorId":172788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lautenbach","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sullins, Daniel S.","contributorId":166689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullins","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kraft, John D.","contributorId":172789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraft","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lautenbach, Jonathan D.","contributorId":172790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lautenbach","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70174398,"text":"70174398 - 2016 - Priodontes maximus (Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T13:53:07","indexId":"70174398","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-11T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2654,"text":"Mammalian Species","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Priodontes maximus (Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae)","title":"Priodontes maximus (Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae)","docAbstract":"Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792), called the giant armadillo, is monotypic and by far the largest extant armadillo. Average adult weight is about 30kg (in captivity, as high as 80kg). Its carapace extends about halfway down its sides, making it impossible to curl up tightly. It is dark brown to black dorsally, with a broad light band around the lower part of its carapace. It primarily digs to escape, enhanced by its 20-cm, sickle-shaped nail on its 3rd forefingers. P. maximus is widely distributed in South America but nowhere abundant. It is affected by habitat loss and fragmentation, agriculture, hunting, collection for museum specimens, and illegal animal trafficking. P. maximus is listed as “Vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/mspecies/sew002","usgsCitation":"Carter, T.S., Superina, M., and Leslie, D., 2016, Priodontes maximus (Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae): Mammalian Species, v. 48, no. 932, p. 21-34, https://doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sew002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070543","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sew002","text":"External Repository"},{"id":324999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"932","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784b51ce4b0e02680bdc5d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Tracy S.","contributorId":172784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Superina, Mariella","contributorId":172785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Superina","given":"Mariella","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr. cleslie@usgs.gov","contributorId":145497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cleslie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174397,"text":"70174397 - 2016 - Assessing potential health risks to fish and humans using mercury concentrations in inland fish from across western Canada and the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:28:06","indexId":"70174397","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-11T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing potential health risks to fish and humans using mercury concentrations in inland fish from across western Canada and the United States","docAbstract":"Fish represent high quality protein and nutrient sources, but Hg contamination is ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems and can pose health risks to fish and their consumers. Potential health risks posed to fish and humans by Hg contamination in fish were assessed in western Canada and the United States. A large compilation of inland fish Hg concentrations was evaluated in terms of potential health risk to the fish themselves, health risk to predatory fish that consume Hg contaminated fish, and to humans that consume Hg contaminated fish. The probability that a fish collected from a given location would exceed a Hg concentration benchmark relevant to a health risk was calculated. These exceedance probabilities and their associated uncertainties were characterized for fish of multiple size classes at multiple health-relevant benchmarks. The approach was novel and allowed for the assessment of the potential for deleterious health effects in fish and humans associated with Hg contamination in fish across this broad study area. Exceedance probabilities were relatively common at low Hg concentration benchmarks, particularly for fish in larger size classes. Specifically, median exceedances for the largest size classes of fish evaluated at the lowest Hg concentration benchmarks were 0.73 (potential health risks to fish themselves), 0.90 (potential health risk to predatory fish that consume Hg contaminated fish), and 0.97 (potential for restricted fish consumption by humans), but diminished to essentially zero at the highest benchmarks and smallest fish size classes. Exceedances of benchmarks are likely to have deleterious health effects on fish and limit recommended amounts of fish humans consume in western Canada and the United States. Results presented here are not intended to subvert or replace local fish Hg data or consumption advice, but provide a basis for identifying areas of potential health risk and developing more focused future research and monitoring efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.031","usgsCitation":"Lepak, J.M., Hooten, M., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Tate, M., Lutz, M., Ackerman, J., Willacker, J.J., Jackson, A.K., Evers, D.C., Wiener, J.G., Pritz, C.F., and Davis, J., 2016, Assessing potential health risks to fish and humans using mercury concentrations in inland fish from across western Canada and the United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 571, p. 342-354, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.031.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"342","endPage":"354","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070581","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology 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Migrating sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) deliver a pulsed marine-derived nutrient subsidy to rivers in spring when the metabolic demand of producers and consumers are increasing. However, the spatial and temporal dynamics of these nutrient subsidies are not well characterized. We used sea lamprey carcass additions in a small stream to examine changes in nutrients, primary productivity, and nutrient assimilation among consumers. Algal biomass increased 57%–71% immediately adjacent to carcasses; however, broader spatial changes from multiple-site carcass addition may have been influenced by canopy cover. We detected assimilation of nutrients (via δ13C and δ15N) among several macroinvertebrate families including Heptageniidae, Hydropsychidae, and Perlidae. Our research suggests that subsidies may evoke localized patch-scale effects on food webs, and the pathways of assimilation in streams are likely coupled to adjacent terrestrial systems. This research underscores the importance of connectivity in streams, which may influence sea lamprey spawning and elicit varying food web responses from carcass subsidies due to fine-scale habitat variables.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2015-0506","usgsCitation":"Weaver, D.M., Coghlan, S.M., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2016, Sea lamprey carcasses exert local and variable food web effects in a nutrient-limited Atlantic coastal stream: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 73, no. 11, p. 1616-1625, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0506.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1616","endPage":"1625","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070746","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0506","text":"External Repository"},{"id":324996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784b51ee4b0e02680bdc5ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, Daniel M.","contributorId":145786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weaver","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coghlan, Stephen M. Jr.","contributorId":169678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coghlan","given":"Stephen","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174400,"text":"70174400 - 2016 - Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) ammocoetes exposed to contaminated Portland Harbor sediments: Method development and effects on survival, growth, and behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T10:27:35","indexId":"70174400","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-11T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) ammocoetes exposed to contaminated Portland Harbor sediments: Method development and effects on survival, growth, and behavior","docAbstract":"Many anthropogenic disturbances have contributed to the decline of Pacific lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus), but potential negative effects of contaminants on lampreys are unclear. Lamprey ammocoetes are the only detritivorous fish in the lower Willamette River, Oregon, USA, and have been observed in Portland Harbor sediments. Their long benthic larval stage places them at risk from the effects of contaminated sediment. The authors developed experimental methods to assess the effects of contaminated sediment on the growth and behavior of field-collected ammocoetes reared in a laboratory. Specifically, they developed methods to assess individual growth and burrowing behavior. Burrowing performance demonstrated high variability among contaminated sediments; however, ammocoetes presented with noncontaminated reference sediment initiated burrowing more rapidly and completed it faster. Ammocoete reemergence from contaminated sediments suggests avoidance of some chemical compounds. The authors conducted long-term exposure experiments on individually held ammocoetes using sediment collected from their native Siletz River, which included the following: contaminated sediments collected from 9 sites within Portland Harbor, 2 uncontaminated reference sediments collected upstream, 1 uncontaminated sediment with characteristics similar to Portland Harbor sediments, and clean sand. They determined that a 24-h depuration period was sufficient to evaluate weight changes and observed no mortality or growth effects in fish exposed to any of the contaminated sediments. However, the effect on burrowing behavior appeared to be a sensitive endpoint, with potentially significant implications for predator avoidance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.3367","usgsCitation":"Unrein, J.R., Morris, J.M., Chitwood, R.S., Lipton, J., Peers, J., van de Wetering, S., and Schreck, C.B., 2016, Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) ammocoetes exposed to contaminated Portland Harbor sediments: Method development and effects on survival, growth, and behavior: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 35, no. 8, p. 2092-2102, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3367.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2092","endPage":"2102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072353","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","otherGeospatial":"Portland Harbor, Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.82302856445312,\n 45.32801318215748\n ],\n [\n -122.82302856445312,\n 45.655328041141374\n ],\n [\n -122.574462890625,\n 45.655328041141374\n ],\n [\n -122.574462890625,\n 45.32801318215748\n ],\n [\n -122.82302856445312,\n 45.32801318215748\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784b51de4b0e02680bdc5e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unrein, Julia R.","contributorId":172777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Unrein","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":172778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chitwood, Rob S.","contributorId":172779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chitwood","given":"Rob","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lipton, Joshua","contributorId":172780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipton","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peers, Jennifer","contributorId":172781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peers","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"van de Wetering, Stan","contributorId":60116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van de Wetering","given":"Stan","affiliations":[{"id":34142,"text":"Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70174399,"text":"70174399 - 2016 - Effects of thyroid endocrine manipulation on sex-related gene expression and population sex ratios in Zebrafish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T10:10:44","indexId":"70174399","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-11T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of thyroid endocrine manipulation on sex-related gene expression and population sex ratios in Zebrafish","docAbstract":"Thyroid hormone reportedly induces masculinization of genetic females and goitrogen treatment delays testicular differentiation (ovary-to-testis transformation) in genetic males of Zebrafish. This study explored potential molecular mechanisms of these phenomena. Zebrafish were treated with thyroxine (T4, 2 nM), goitrogen [methimazole (MZ), 0.15 mM], MZ (0.15 mM) and T4 (2 nM) (rescue treatment), or reconstituted water (control) from 3 to 33 days postfertilization (dpf) and maintained in control water until 45 dpf. Whole fish were collected during early (25 dpf) and late (45 dpf) testicular differentiation for transcript abundance analysis of selected male (dmrt1, amh, ar) and female (cyp19a1a, esr1, esr2a, esr2b) sex-related genes by quantitative RT-PCR, and fold-changes relative to control values were determined. Additional fish were sampled at 45 dpf for histological assessment of gonadal sex. The T4 and rescue treatments caused male-biased populations, and T4 alone induced precocious puberty in ∼50% of males. Male-biased sex ratios were accompanied by increased expression of amh and ar and reduced expression of cyp19a1a, esr1, esr2a, and esr2b at 25 and 45 dpf and, unexpectedly, reduced expression of dmrt1 at 45 dpf. Goitrogen exposure increased the proportion of individuals with ovaries (per previous studies interpreted as delay in testicular differentiation of genetic males), and at 25 and 45 dpf reduced the expression of amh and ar and increased the expression of esr1 (only at 25 dpf), esr2a, and esr2b. Notably, cyp19a1a transcript was reduced but via non-thyroidal pathways (not restored by rescue treatment). In conclusion, the masculinizing activity of T4 at the population level may be due to its ability to inhibit female and stimulate male sex-related genes in larvae, while the inability of MZ to induce cyp19a1a, which is necessary for ovarian differentiation, may explain why its “feminizing” activity on gonadal sex is not permanent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.05.028","usgsCitation":"Sharma, P., Tang, S., Mayer, G.D., and Patino, R., 2016, Effects of thyroid endocrine manipulation on sex-related gene expression and population sex ratios in Zebrafish: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 235, p. 38-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.05.028.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071232","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"235","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784b51de4b0e02680bdc5e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharma, Prakash","contributorId":107435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"Prakash","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tang, Song","contributorId":172782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tang","given":"Song","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, Gregory D.","contributorId":172783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170491,"text":"ofr20161063 - 2016 - Structure of the 1906 near-surface rupture zone of the San Andreas Fault, San Francisco Peninsula segment, near Woodside, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T09:00:37","indexId":"ofr20161063","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-08T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1063","title":"Structure of the 1906 near-surface rupture zone of the San Andreas Fault, San Francisco Peninsula segment, near Woodside, California","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic-reflection and refraction images of the 1906 surface rupture zone of the San Andreas Fault near Woodside, California reveal evidence for one or more additional near-surface (within about 3 meters [m] depth) fault strands within about 25 m of the 1906 surface rupture. The 1906 surface rupture above the groundwater table (vadose zone) has been observed in paleoseismic trenches that coincide with our seismic profile and is seismically characterized by a discrete zone of low P-wave velocities (Vp), low S-wave velocities (Vs), high Vp/Vs ratios, and high Poisson’s ratios. A second near-surface fault strand, located about 17 m to the southwest of the 1906 surface rupture, is inferred by similar seismic anomalies. Between these two near-surface fault strands and below 5 m depth, we observed a near-vertical fault strand characterized by a zone of high Vp, low Vs, high Vp/Vs ratios, and high Poisson’s ratios on refraction tomography images and near-vertical diffractions on seismic-reflection images. This prominent subsurface zone of seismic anomalies is laterally offset from the 1906 surface rupture by about 8 m and likely represents the active main (long-term) strand of the San Andreas Fault at 5 to 10 m depth. Geometries of the near-surface and subsurface (about 5 to 10 m depth) fault zone suggest that the 1906 surface rupture dips southwestward to join the main strand of the San Andreas Fault at about 5 to 10 m below the surface. The 1906 surface rupture forms a prominent groundwater barrier in the upper 3 to 5 m, but our interpreted secondary near-surface fault strand to the southwest forms a weaker barrier, suggesting that there has been less or less-recent near-surface slip on that strand. At about 6 m depth, the main strand of the San Andreas Fault consists of water-saturated blue clay (collected from a hand-augered borehole), which is similar to deeply weathered serpentinite observed within the main strand of the San Andreas Fault at nearby sites. Multiple fault strands in the area of the 1906 surface rupture may account for variations in geologic slip rates calculated from several paleoseismic sites along the Peninsula segment of the San Andreas Fault.t.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161063","usgsCitation":"Rosa, C.M., Catchings, R.D., Rymer, M.J., Grove, Karen, and Goldman, M.R., 2016, Structure of the 1906 near-surface rupture zone of the San Andreas Fault, San Francisco Peninsula segment, near Woodside, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1063, 31 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161063.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069256","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320781,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1063/ofr20161063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1063 Report PDF"},{"id":320780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1063/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Woodside","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4041748046875,\n 37.28716518793855\n ],\n [\n -122.4041748046875,\n 37.67077737288316\n ],\n [\n -122.12677001953124,\n 37.67077737288316\n ],\n [\n -122.12677001953124,\n 37.28716518793855\n ],\n [\n -122.4041748046875,\n 37.28716518793855\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Earthquake Science Center—Menlo Park, Calif. Office
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
The crater lake of Kawah Ijen volcano, East Java, Indonesia, has displayed large and rapid changes in temperature at point locations during periods of unrest, but measurement techniques employed to-date have not resolved how the lake’s thermal regime has evolved over both space and time. We applied a novel approach for mapping and monitoring variations in crater-lake apparent surface (“skin”) temperatures at high spatial (~32 cm) and temporal (every two minutes) resolution at Kawah Ijen on 18 September 2014. We used a ground-based FLIR T650sc camera with digital and thermal infrared (TIR) sensors from the crater rim to collect (1) a set of visible imagery around the crater during the daytime and (2) a time series of co-located visible and TIR imagery at one location from pre-dawn to daytime. We processed daytime visible imagery with the Structure-from-Motion photogrammetric method to create a digital elevation model onto which the time series of TIR imagery was orthorectified and georeferenced. Lake apparent skin temperatures typically ranged from ~21 to 33oC. At two locations, apparent skin temperatures were ~ 4 and 7 oC less than in-situ lake temperature measurements at 1.5 and 5 m depth, respectively. These differences, as well as the large spatio-temporal variations observed in skin temperatures, were likely largely associated with atmospheric effects such as evaporative cooling of the lake surface and infrared absorption by water vapor and SO2. Calculations based on orthorectified TIR imagery thus yielded underestimates of volcanic heat fluxes into the lake, whereas volcanic heat fluxes estimated based on in-situ temperature measurements (68 to 111 MW) were likely more representative of Kawah Ijen in a quiescent state. The ground-based imaging technique should provide a valuable tool to continuously monitor crater-lake temperatures and contribute insight into the spatio-temporal evolution of these temperatures associated with volcanic activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-016-1049-9","usgsCitation":"Lewicki, J.L., Corentin Caudron, van Hinsberg, V., and Hilley, G., 2016, High spatio-temporal resolution observations of crater-lake temperatures at Kawah Ijen volcano, East Java, Indonesia: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 78, Article 53; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-016-1049-9.","productDescription":"Article 53; 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074996","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"Kawah Ijen 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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://energy.usgs.gov
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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://energy.usgs.gov
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resource of 44.5 trillion cubic feet of shale gas in the Karoo Province of South Africa and Lesotho, Africa.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163038","usgsCitation":"Brownfield, M.E., Schenk, C.J., Klett, T.R., Pitman, J.K., Tennyson, M.E., Gaswirth, S.B., Le, P.A., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Mercier, T.J., and Finn, T.M., 2016, Assessment of shale-gas resources of the Karoo Province, South Africa and Lesotho, Africa, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3038, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163038.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075582","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3038/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":324255,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3038/fs20163038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3038"}],"country":"Lesotho, South Africa","state":"Karoo Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 26.7626953125,\n -33.69692269295766\n ],\n [\n 26.246337890625,\n -33.33052824902809\n ],\n [\n 25.477294921874996,\n -33.229498141449504\n ],\n [\n 23.97216796875,\n -33.229498141449504\n ],\n [\n 22.291259765625,\n -33.21111647241684\n ],\n [\n 21.390380859375,\n -33.18353672893613\n ],\n [\n 20.665283203125,\n -32.96258644191746\n ],\n [\n 20.599365234375,\n -32.35212281198642\n ],\n [\n 20.302734375,\n -31.709476360019337\n ],\n [\n 19.984130859375,\n -31.137603270021277\n ],\n [\n 19.720458984375,\n -30.666265946323286\n ],\n [\n 19.918212890625,\n -30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n 19.918212890625,\n -30.240086360983426\n ],\n [\n 19.522705078125,\n -30.202113679097216\n ],\n [\n 19.27001953125,\n -30.15462722077597\n ],\n [\n 19.335937499999996,\n -29.802517905764464\n ],\n [\n 19.44580078125,\n -29.65941605491237\n ],\n [\n 20.23681640625,\n -29.382175075145277\n ],\n [\n 20.85205078125,\n -29.458731185355315\n ],\n [\n 21.258544921875,\n -29.745301662213585\n ],\n [\n 22.357177734375,\n -30.19261821849926\n ],\n [\n 22.412109375,\n -29.888280933159265\n ],\n [\n 22.4560546875,\n -29.707139348134145\n ],\n [\n 22.510986328124996,\n -29.563901551414432\n ],\n [\n 22.884521484375,\n -29.458731185355315\n ],\n [\n 23.115234374999996,\n -29.161755515328824\n ],\n [\n 23.3349609375,\n -28.86391842622455\n ],\n [\n 23.510742187499996,\n -28.78691808542021\n ],\n [\n 24.005126953125,\n -28.65203063036226\n ],\n [\n 24.08203125,\n -28.468691297348148\n ],\n [\n 24.642333984375,\n -27.858503954841236\n ],\n [\n 24.730224609375,\n -27.722435918973442\n ],\n [\n 24.840087890624996,\n -27.38152319170504\n ],\n [\n 24.971923828125,\n -27.303451991034542\n ],\n [\n 25.389404296875,\n -27.137368359795595\n ],\n [\n 25.77392578125,\n -26.853479438420024\n ],\n [\n 27.432861328125,\n -26.696545111585127\n ],\n [\n 27.542724609375,\n -26.657277674217585\n ],\n [\n 27.94921875,\n -26.52956523826758\n ],\n [\n 28.311767578125,\n -26.667095801104804\n ],\n [\n 28.5205078125,\n -26.912273826625587\n ],\n [\n 29.443359375,\n -27.019984007982554\n ],\n [\n 30.772705078125,\n -27.19601438317328\n ],\n [\n 30.673828125,\n -27.45953933271788\n ],\n [\n 30.443115234375004,\n -27.45953933271788\n ],\n [\n 30.388183593749996,\n -27.6251403350933\n ],\n [\n 30.3662109375,\n -27.77105119317226\n ],\n [\n 30.377197265625,\n -27.955591004642542\n ],\n [\n 30.574951171874996,\n -27.965294915211118\n ],\n [\n 30.805664062500004,\n -27.926474039864992\n ],\n [\n 30.9814453125,\n -27.887639217136503\n ],\n [\n 31.201171875,\n -27.936180566769377\n ],\n [\n 31.409912109375004,\n -28.19792655722614\n ],\n [\n 31.44287109375,\n -28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n 31.343994140625,\n -28.78691808542021\n ],\n [\n 31.113281249999996,\n -28.90239722855847\n ],\n [\n 31.036376953125,\n -28.661671216419496\n ],\n [\n 31.036376953125,\n -28.478348692223165\n ],\n [\n 30.948486328124996,\n -28.352733760237793\n ],\n [\n 30.60791015625,\n -28.343064904825464\n ],\n [\n 30.322265625000004,\n -28.642389157900524\n ],\n [\n 30.25634765625,\n -28.950475674848008\n ],\n [\n 30.113525390625,\n -29.286398892934763\n ],\n [\n 30.047607421875,\n -29.39174774299278\n ],\n [\n 29.871826171875,\n -29.897805610155864\n ],\n [\n 29.77294921875,\n -30.760718908944472\n ],\n [\n 30.047607421875,\n -30.939924331023445\n ],\n [\n 30.146484374999996,\n -31.194007509998823\n ],\n [\n 26.7626953125,\n -33.69692269295766\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://energy.usgs.gov
The Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis; hereafter sparrow) is endemic to south Florida and a key indicator species of marl prairie, the most diverse freshwater community in the Florida Everglades. Marl prairie habitat is shaped by intermediate levels of disturbances such as flooding, drying, and fire, which maintain periphyton production (Gaiser et al. 2011), vegetation composition (Sah et al. 2011), and habitat structure for wildlife (Lockwood et al. 2003). Historically, patches of marl prairie shifted in response to changing climatic conditions,; however, habitat loss and hydrologic alteration have restricted the sparrow’s range and increased their sensitivity to changing hydropatterns. As a result, sparrow numbers have declined as much as 60% range-wide since 1992 (Curnutt et al. 1998, Nott et al. 1998). Currently, the sparrow is restricted to the freshwater prairies of the Everglades National Park (ENP) and Big Cypress Preserve (Lockwood et al. 1997). Because this non-migratory bird is restricted in its range it was among the first species to be listed as endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service on March 11, 1967 (Pimm et al. 2000). Now protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, the sparrow is listed as an endangered species, and the marl prairies that it resides in are listed as critical habitat. Since its designation as an endangered species, federal agencies have a statutory obligation to not jeopardize the survival of the species or modify its critical habitat. However, there are still uncertainties in how to increase suitable habitat within and surrounding the six existing sparrow subpopulations (Fig. 1) which are vulnerable to environmental stochasticity because of their small population size and restricted range. Since Because maintenance and creation of suitable habitat is seen as the most important pathway to the persistence of sparrow subpopulations (Sustainable Ecosystems Institute 2007), emphasis should be on identifying factors affecting sparrow habitat suitability and expanding the total area of suitable habitat over a gradient of environmental conditions. Our objective is to improve the definition of suitable sparrow habitat based on the relationship between daily sparrow distributions from 1992-present and hydrologic and habitat variables. Further, these models can provide an estimate of habitat quality when linked with estimates of reproductive responses.
","largerWorkTitle":"Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Beerens, J.M., and Romanach, S.S., 2016, Using Cape Sable seaside sparrow distribution data for water management decision support, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073857","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c347e4b0e02680be59fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beerens, James M. 0000-0001-8143-916X jbeerens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-916X","contributorId":143722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beerens","given":"James","email":"jbeerens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romanach, Stephanie S. 0000-0003-0271-7825 sromanach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":140419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanach","given":"Stephanie","email":"sromanach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175023,"text":"70175023 - 2016 - Ichthyophonus parasite phylogeny based on ITS rDNA structure prediction and alignment identifies six clades, with a single dominant marine type","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T08:21:35","indexId":"70175023","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-07T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ichthyophonus parasite phylogeny based on ITS rDNA structure prediction and alignment identifies six clades, with a single dominant marine type","docAbstract":"Despite their widespread, global impact in both wild and cultured fishes, little is known of the diversity, transmission patterns, and phylogeography of parasites generally identified as Ichthyophonus. This study constructed a phylogeny based on the structural alignment of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences to compare Ichthyophonus isolates from fish hosts in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and several rivers and aquaculture sites in North America, Europe, and Japan. Structure of the Ichthyophonus ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 transcript exhibited several homologies with other eukaryotes, and 6 distinct clades were identified within Ichthyophonus. A single clade contained a majority (71 of 98) of parasite isolations. This ubiquitous Ichthyophonus type occurred in 13 marine and anadromous hosts and was associated with epizootics in Atlantic herring, Chinook salmon, and American shad. A second clade contained all isolates from aquaculture, despite great geographic separation of the freshwater hosts. Each of the 4 remaining clades contained isolates from single host species. This study is the first to evaluate the genetic relationships among Ichthyophonus species across a significant portion of their host and geographic range. Additionally, parasite infection prevalence is reported in 16 fish species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao03017","usgsCitation":"Gregg, J., Thompson, R.L., Purcell, M.K., Friedman, C., and Hershberger, P., 2016, Ichthyophonus parasite phylogeny based on ITS rDNA structure prediction and alignment identifies six clades, with a single dominant marine type: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 120, no. 2, p. 125-141, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03017.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"141","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075659","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db2de4b0589fa1c7e654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregg, Jacob jgregg@usgs.gov","contributorId":140132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Jacob","email":"jgregg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Rachel L. 0000-0001-6901-4361 rlthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6901-4361","contributorId":5707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Rachel","email":"rlthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K. 0000-0003-0154-8433 mpurcell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8433","contributorId":168475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen","email":"mpurcell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedman, Carolyn S.","contributorId":13890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Carolyn S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul 0000-0002-2261-7760 phershberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":150816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175124,"text":"70175124 - 2016 - Geologic context of recurring slope lineae in Melas and Coprates Chasmata, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T14:48:59","indexId":"70175124","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-07T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic context of recurring slope lineae in Melas and Coprates Chasmata, Mars","docAbstract":"One of the major Mars discoveries of recent years is the existence of recurring slope lineae (RSL), which suggests that liquid water occurs on or near the surface of Mars today. These dark and narrow features emerge from steep, rocky exposures and incrementally grow, fade, and reform on a seasonal basis and are detected in images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera. RSL are known to occur at scattered midlatitude and equatorial sites with little spatial connection to one another. One major exception is the steep, low-albedo slopes of Melas and Coprates Chasmata, in Valles Marineris where RSL are detected among diverse geologic surfaces (e.g., bedrock and talus) and landforms (e.g., inselbergs and landslides). New images show topographic changes including sediment deposition on active RSL slopes. Midwall locations in Coprates and Melas appear to have more areally extensively abundant RSL and related fans as compared with other RSL sites found on Mars. Water budget estimates for regional RSL are on the order of 105 to 106 m3 of fluid, for depths of 10 to 100mm, and suggest that a significant amount of near-surface watermight be present. Many RSL are concentrated near local topographic highs, such as ridge crests or peaks, which is challenging to explain via groundwater or ice without a recharge mechanism. Collectively, results provide additional support for the notion that significant amounts of near-surface water can be found on Mars today and suggest that a widespread mechanism, possibly related to the atmosphere, is recharging RSL sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JE004991","usgsCitation":"Chojnacki, M., McEwen, A., Dundas, C.M., Ojha, L., Urso, A., and Sutton, S., 2016, Geologic context of recurring slope lineae in Melas and Coprates Chasmata, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 121, p. 1-28, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JE004991.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071262","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579c7e2be4b0589fa1ca11db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chojnacki, Matthew","contributorId":96576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred","contributorId":59723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ojha, Lujendra","contributorId":64933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojha","given":"Lujendra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Urso, Anna","contributorId":173270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urso","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27205,"text":"U. Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sutton, Sarah","contributorId":173271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutton","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":27205,"text":"U. Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70174292,"text":"70174292 - 2016 - M≥7 Earthquake rupture forecast and time-dependent probability for the Sea of Marmara region, Turkey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-07T12:07:38","indexId":"70174292","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-07T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"M≥7 Earthquake rupture forecast and time-dependent probability for the Sea of Marmara region, Turkey","docAbstract":"We forecast time-independent and time-dependent earthquake ruptures in the Marmara region of Turkey for the next 30 years using a new fault-segmentation model. We also augment time-dependent Brownian Passage Time (BPT) probability with static Coulomb stress changes (ΔCFF) from interacting faults. We calculate Mw > 6.5 probability from 26 individual fault sources in the Marmara region. We also consider a multisegment rupture model that allows higher-magnitude ruptures over some segments of the Northern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NNAF) beneath the Marmara Sea. A total of 10 different Mw=7.0 to Mw=8.0 multisegment ruptures are combined with the other regional faults at rates that balance the overall moment accumulation. We use Gaussian random distributions to treat parameter uncertainties (e.g., aperiodicity, maximum expected magnitude, slip rate, and consequently mean recurrence time) of the statistical distributions associated with each fault source. We then estimate uncertainties of the 30-year probability values for the next characteristic event obtained from three different models (Poisson, BPT, and BPT+ΔCFF) using a Monte Carlo procedure. The Gerede fault segment located at the eastern end of the Marmara region shows the highest 30-yr probability, with a Poisson value of 29%, and a time-dependent interaction probability of 48%. We find an aggregated 30-yr Poisson probability of M >7.3 earthquakes at Istanbul of 35%, which increases to 47% if time dependence and stress transfer are considered. We calculate a 2-fold probability gain (ratio time-dependent to time-independent) on the southern strands of the North Anatolian Fault Zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012595","usgsCitation":"Murru, M., Akinci, A., Falcone, G., Pucci, S., Console, R., and Parsons, T.E., 2016, M≥7 Earthquake rupture forecast and time-dependent probability for the Sea of Marmara region, Turkey: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 121, no. 4, p. 2679-2707, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012595.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"2679","endPage":"2707","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074489","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012595","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324806,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015JB012595/full"}],"country":"Turkey","otherGeospatial":"Sea if Marmara","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 25.9716796875,\n 40.75557964275591\n ],\n [\n 27.9931640625,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n 31.92626953125,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n 30.278320312499996,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n 27.454833984375,\n 39.93501296038254\n ],\n [\n 26.411132812499996,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n 25.9716796875,\n 40.75557964275591\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f6f1be4b0ef4d2f45d436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murru, Maura","contributorId":172714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murru","given":"Maura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27088,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akinci, Aybige","contributorId":172715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Akinci","given":"Aybige","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27088,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Falcone, Guiseppe","contributorId":172716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falcone","given":"Guiseppe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27088,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pucci, Stefano","contributorId":172717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pucci","given":"Stefano","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27088,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Console, Rodolfo","contributorId":172718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Console","given":"Rodolfo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27089,"text":"Center of Integrated Geomorphology for the Mediterranean Area, Potenza, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70174286,"text":"70174286 - 2016 - Demography of an apex predator at the edge of its range: impacts of changing sea ice on polar bears in Hudson Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T15:10:32","indexId":"70174286","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-07T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography of an apex predator at the edge of its range: impacts of changing sea ice on polar bears in Hudson Bay","docAbstract":"Changes in the abundance and distribution of wildlife populations are common consequences of historic and contemporary climate change. Some Arctic marine mammals, such as the polar bear (Ursus maritimus), may be particularly vulnerable to such changes due to the loss of Arctic sea ice. We evaluated the impacts of environmental variation on demographic rates for the Western Hudson Bay (WH), polar bear subpopulation from 1984 to 2011 using live-recapture and dead-recovery data in a Bayesian implementation of multistate capture–recapture models. We found that survival of female polar bears was related to the annual timing of sea ice break-up and formation. Using estimated vital rates (e.g., survival and reproduction) in matrix projection models, we calculated the growth rate of the WH subpopulation and projected population responses under different environmental scenarios while accounting for parametric uncertainty, temporal variation, and demographic stochasticity. Our analysis suggested a long-term decline in the number of bears from 1185 (95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI] = 993–1411) in 1987 to 806 (95% BCI = 653–984) in 2011. In the last 10 yr of the study, the number of bears appeared stable due to temporary stability in sea ice conditions (mean population growth rate for the period 2001–2010 = 1.02, 95% BCI = 0.98–1.06). Looking forward, we estimated long-term growth rates for the WH subpopulation of ~1.02 (95% BCI = 1.00–1.05) and 0.97 (95% BCI = 0.92–1.01) under hypothetical high and low sea ice conditions, respectively. Our findings support previous evidence for a demographic linkage between sea ice conditions and polar bear population dynamics. Furthermore, we present a robust framework for sensitivity analysis with respect to continued climate change (e.g., to inform scenario planning) and for evaluating the combined effects of climate change and management actions on the status of wildlife populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/15-1256","usgsCitation":"Lunn, N., Servanty, S., Regehr, E.V., Converse, S.J., Richardson, E.S., and Stirling, I., 2016, Demography of an apex predator at the edge of its range: impacts of changing sea ice on polar bears in Hudson Bay: Ecological Applications, v. 26, no. 5, p. 1302-1320, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-1256.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1302","endPage":"1320","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070782","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Hudson Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 64.88626540914477\n ],\n [\n -84.462890625,\n 65.03506043658815\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 61.79390039913458\n ],\n [\n -77.16796875,\n 58.81374171570782\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 56.022948079627454\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 54.34214886448341\n ],\n [\n -77.87109375,\n 51.944264879028765\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 50.819818262156545\n ],\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 52.3755991766591\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 54.57206165565852\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 56.68037378950137\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 56.8249328650072\n ],\n [\n -95.4052734375,\n 59.31076795603884\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 61.68987220045999\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 64.88626540914477\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f6f1ae4b0ef4d2f45d428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J.","contributorId":78421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Servanty, Sabrina","contributorId":53296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Servanty","given":"Sabrina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. 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Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richardson, Evan S.","contributorId":139901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stirling, Ian","contributorId":72079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70174288,"text":"70174288 - 2016 - Density-dependent home-range size revealed by spatially explicit capture–recapture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T19:11:20","indexId":"70174288","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-07T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density-dependent home-range size revealed by spatially explicit capture–recapture","docAbstract":"The size of animal home ranges often varies inversely with population density among populations of a species. This fact has implications for population monitoring using spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) models, in which both the scale of home-range movements σ and population density D usually appear as parameters, and both may vary among populations. It will often be appropriate to model a structural relationship between population-specific values of these parameters, rather than to assume independence. We suggest re-parameterizing the SECR model using kp = σp √Dp, where kp relates to the degree of overlap between home ranges and the subscript p distinguishes populations. We observe that kp is often nearly constant for populations spanning a range of densities. This justifies fitting a model in which the separate kp are replaced by the single parameter k and σp is a density-dependent derived parameter. Continuous density-dependent spatial variation in σ may also be modelled, using a scaled non-Euclidean distance between detectors and the locations of animals. We illustrate these methods with data from automatic photography of tigers (Panthera tigris) across India, in which the variation is among populations, from mist-netting of ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) in Maryland, USA, in which the variation is within a single population over time, and from live-trapping of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand, modelling spatial variation within one population. Possible applications and limitations of the methods are discussed. A model in which kp is constant, while density varies, provides a parsimonious null model for SECR. The parameter k of the null model is a concise summary of the empirical relationship between home-range size and density that is useful in comparative studies. We expect deviations from this model, particularly the dependence of kp on covariates, to be biologically interesting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishers","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1111/ecog.01511","usgsCitation":"Efford, M., Dawson, D.K., Jhala, Y., and Qureshi, Q., 2016, Density-dependent home-range size revealed by spatially explicit capture–recapture: Ecography, v. 39, no. 7, p. 676-688, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01511.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"676","endPage":"688","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065283","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324803,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f6f1ae4b0ef4d2f45d42c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Efford, M.G.","contributorId":13352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Efford","given":"M.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jhala, Y.V.","contributorId":96889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jhala","given":"Y.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qureshi, Q.","contributorId":172713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qureshi","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174237,"text":"70174237 - 2016 - Composition and structure of the shallow subsurface of Ceres revealed by crater morphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-07T11:12:34","indexId":"70174237","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-07T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition and structure of the shallow subsurface of Ceres revealed by crater morphology","docAbstract":"Before NASA’s Dawn mission, the dwarf planet Ceres was widely believed to contain a substantial ice-rich layer below its rocky surface. The existence of such a layer has significant implications for Ceres’s formation, evolution, and astrobiological potential. Ceres is warmer than icy worlds in the outer Solar System and, if its shallow subsurface is ice-rich, large impact craters are expected to be erased by viscous flow on short geologic timescales. Here we use digital terrain models derived from Dawn Framing Camera images to show that most of Ceres’s largest craters are several kilometres deep, and are therefore inconsistent with the existence of an ice-rich subsurface. We further show from numerical simulations that the absence of viscous relaxation over billion-year timescales implies a subsurface viscosity that is at least one thousand times greater than that of pure water ice. We conclude that Ceres’s shallow subsurface is no more than 30% to 40% ice by volume, with a mixture of rock, salts and/or clathrates accounting for the other 60% to 70%. However, several anomalously shallow craters are consistent with limited viscous relaxation and may indicate spatial variations in subsurface ice content.
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Russell, 2016, Composition and structure of the shallow subsurface of Ceres revealed by crater morphology: Nature Geoscience, v. 9, p. 538-542, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2743.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"538","endPage":"542","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074012","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2743","text":"External Repository"},{"id":324801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f6f19e4b0ef4d2f45d41d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bland, Michael T. 0000-0001-5543-1519 mbland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5543-1519","contributorId":146287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bland","given":"Michael","email":"mbland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carol A. 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