{"pageNumber":"1055","pageRowStart":"26350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":71130,"text":"sir20055156 - 2005 - Environmental setting, water budget, and stream assessment for the Broad Run watershed, Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-10T10:37:28","indexId":"sir20055156","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5156","title":"Environmental setting, water budget, and stream assessment for the Broad Run watershed, Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Broad Run watershed lies almost entirely in West Bradford Township, Chester County, Pa., and drains 7.08 square miles to the West Branch Brandywine Creek. Because of the potential effect of encroaching development and other stresses on the Broad Run watershed, West Bradford Township, the Chester County Water Resources Authority, and the Chester County Health Department entered into a cooperative study with the U.S. Geological Survey to complete an annual water budget and stream assessment of overall conditions. The annual water budget quantified the basic parameters of the hydrologic cycle for the climatic conditions present from April 1, 2003, to March 31, 2004. These water-budget data identified immediate needs and (or) deficits that were present within the hydrologic cycle during that period, if present; however, an annual water budget encompassing a single year does not identify long-term trends. The stream assessment was conducted in two parts and assessed the overall condition of the watershed, an overall assessment of the fluvial-geomorphic conditions within the watershed and an overall assessment of the stream-quality conditions. The data collected will document present (2004) conditions and identify potential vulnerabilities to future disturbances. \r\n\r\nFor the annual period from April 1, 2003, to March 31, 2004, determination of an annual water budget indicated that of the 67.8 inches of precipitation that fell on the Broad Run watershed, 38.8 inches drained by way of streamflow to the West Branch Brandywine Creek. Of this 38.8 inches of streamflow, local-minimum hydrograph separation techniques determined that 7.30 inches originated from direct runoff and 31.5 inches originated from base flow. The remaining precipitation went into ground-water storage (1.71 inches) and was lost to evapotranspiration (27.3 inches). Ground-water recharge for this period-35.2 inches-was based on these values and an estimated ground-water evapotranspiration rate of 2 inches. \r\n\r\nAssessment of fluvial-geomorphic conditions included large-scale mapping of stream classes within the Broad Run watershed and in-depth study of three representative stream reaches also within the Broad Run watershed. Based on the total distance of all stream reaches classified within the Broad Run watershed, 61 percent were classified as C-class, 14 percent as E-class, 13 percent as B-class, 5 percent as F-class, 4 percent as undifferentiated B- and F-class, 2 percent as G-class, and less than 1 percent as A-class. The map of stream classes indicates that the Broad Run watershed currently has no large-scale areas of stream impairment and that, generally, the stream is not entrenched and the main branch of the Broad Run has an available, functioning flood plain. Smaller tributary streams, however, showed signs of localized entrenchment due to site-specific influences such as natural stream-channel evolution, localized channelization, localized contraction due to road and driveway crossings, and (or) increased localized runoff. For example, one small reach along a tributary channel was observed to become entrenched due to runoff originating from a new housing development. Entrenched stream reaches are merely located by large-scale mapping and require individual assessment to determine potential causes of entrenchment and (or) future restorative actions. Three in-depth geomorphic study sites showed that the Broad Run can currently be considered graded or in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The sites did, however, identify certain vulnerabilities to future changes within the watershed. These vulnerabilities included disruption of the present sediment supply, including both increases and (or) reductions in the current sediment loads within the Broad Run; increases in both magnitude and duration of storm-water runoff; encroachment of development onto present flood-plain areas, and (or) alterations to riparian zones. \r\n\r\nAssessment of stream-quality conditions includ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055156","usgsCitation":"Cinotto, P.J., Reif, A.G., and Olson, L.E., 2005, Environmental setting, water budget, and stream assessment for the Broad Run watershed, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5156, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055156.","productDescription":"67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6864,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.25,39 ], [ -76.25,40 ], [ -76.08333333333333,40 ], [ -76.08333333333333,39 ], [ -76.25,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db69184b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cinotto, Peter J. pcinotto@usgs.gov","contributorId":451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cinotto","given":"Peter","email":"pcinotto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reif, Andrew G. 0000-0002-5054-5207 agreif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-5207","contributorId":2632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reif","given":"Andrew","email":"agreif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, Leif E. leolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Leif","email":"leolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184388,"text":"70184388 - 2005 - A 24 h investigation of the hydrogeochemistry of baseflow and stormwater in an urban area impacted by mining: Butte, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T12:10:47","indexId":"70184388","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 24 h investigation of the hydrogeochemistry of baseflow and stormwater in an urban area impacted by mining: Butte, Montana","docAbstract":"

Changes in water quality during a storm event were continuously monitored over a 24 h period at a single location along an urban stormwater drain in Butte, Montana. The Butte Metro Storm Drain (MSD) collects groundwater baseflow and stormwater draining Butte Hill, a densely populated site that has been severely impacted by 130 years of mining, milling, and smelting of copper-rich, polymetallic mineral deposits. On the afternoon of 26 June 2002, a heavy thunderstorm caused streamflow in the MSD to increase 100-fold, from 0·2 ft3 s−1 to more than 20 ft3 s−1. Hourly discharge and water quality data were collected before, during, and following the storm. The most significant finding was that the calculated loads (grams per hour) of both dissolved and particulate copper passing down the MSD increased more than 100-fold in the first hour following the storm, and remained elevated over baseline conditions for the remainder of the study period. Other metals, such as zinc, cadmium, and manganese, showed a decrease in load from pre-storm to post-storm conditions. In addition to the large flush of copper, loads of soluble phosphorus increased during the storm, whereas dissolved oxygen dropped to low levels (<2 mg l−1). These results show that infrequent storm events in Butte have the potential to generate large volumes of runoff that exceed Montana water quality standards for acute exposure of aquatic life to copper, as well as depressed levels of dissolved oxygen. This study has important implications to ongoing reclamation activities in the upper Clark Fork Superfund site, particularly with respect to management of storm flow, and may be applicable to other watersheds impacted by mining activities.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.5783","usgsCitation":"Gammons, C.H., Shope, C.L., and Duaime, T.E., 2005, A 24 h investigation of the hydrogeochemistry of baseflow and stormwater in an urban area impacted by mining: Butte, Montana: Hydrological Processes, v. 19, no. 14, p. 2737-2753, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5783.","productDescription":"17 p. ","startPage":"2737","endPage":"2753","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Butte","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.58239746093749,\n 45.941123274918986\n ],\n [\n -112.44438171386719,\n 45.941123274918986\n ],\n [\n -112.44438171386719,\n 46.040829158935196\n ],\n [\n -112.58239746093749,\n 46.040829158935196\n ],\n [\n -112.58239746093749,\n 45.941123274918986\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263ee4b014cc3a3d34ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gammons, Chris","contributorId":140801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gammons","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":13574,"text":"Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shope, Christopher L. cshope@usgs.gov","contributorId":5016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shope","given":"Christopher","email":"cshope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duaime, Terence E.","contributorId":187673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duaime","given":"Terence","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":71125,"text":"sir20055044 - 2005 - Historical and simulated changes in channel characteristics of the Kalamazoo River, Plainwell to Otsego, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-11T15:20:03.394427","indexId":"sir20055044","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5044","title":"Historical and simulated changes in channel characteristics of the Kalamazoo River, Plainwell to Otsego, Michigan","docAbstract":"

In a study to understand the historical effects of the construction and decommissioning of dams on the Kalamazoo River, Plainwell to Otsego, Michigan, and to simulate channel changes that may result if the dams were removed, early to mid-1800s General Land Office surveys and aerial photographs from 1938, 1981, and 1999 were compared in order to identify historical changes in the river’s planform. This analysis of the 80-mile reach from Morrow Dam to the river mouth at Saugatuck provided insight into how susceptible the river has been to channel migration. The comparison showed that changes in channel width and location were caused mainly by construction of dams and subsequent water-level adjustments in the impounded reaches upstream from the dams. Braiding also occurred downstream from one of the dams. Minor changes in channel form that were not caused by the dams, such as the development and cutoff of meander bends, were observed.

A more detailed study in a 5-mile reach passing through the Plainwell and Otsego City Dams included compiling existing valley cross section and longitudinal profile data into a database, assessing bank stability, and using a hydrologic model to simulate the channel as if the dams were removed. Fifty-four valley cross sections compiled from United States Geological Survey and consultant data sets were used as a base for a bank-stability assessment and to design a hypothetical stable channel without the two dams. The channel design involved adjusting the slope, hydraulic geometry, and floodplain width to ensure that water could be transferred through the reach without increasing flooding or erosion problems.

The bank-stability assessment focused on conditions that are critical to failure. This was accomplished through the use of a two step process. The first involved evaluating the sediment removed from the bank toe when the stage is high. The second involved calculating the factor of safety for the bank based on the water table being elevated higher than the stage, mimicing a bank storage effect. Using these paired proccesses, two scenarios of critical conditions were evaluated: dams present and dams removed.

Results of the bank assessments showed that, under both critical-condition scenarios, the streambanks were more susceptible to toe erosion than to block failure. As toe erosion progresses, the banks will eventually collapse as supporting material underneath is removed. Toe erosion for the damsremoved scenario resulted in higher amounts of erosion than for the dams-present scenario, leading to an overall decrease in bank stability. Effects of vegetation on the bank stability were variable; stability for some banks increase if vegetation was present but remain the same for other banks.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055044","collaboration":"In collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V, and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Rachol, C.M., Fitzpatrick, F.A., and Rossi, T., 2005, Historical and simulated changes in channel characteristics of the Kalamazoo River, Plainwell to Otsego, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5044, v, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055044.","productDescription":"v, 59 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6824,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Kalamazoo River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.80305099487305,\n 42.41750054254848\n ],\n [\n -85.80305099487305,\n 42.516397696429856\n ],\n [\n -85.62623977661133,\n 42.516397696429856\n ],\n [\n -85.62623977661133,\n 42.41750054254848\n ],\n [\n -85.80305099487305,\n 42.41750054254848\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62eb0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rachol, Cynthia M. 0000-0001-9984-3435 crachol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-3435","contributorId":3488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rachol","given":"Cynthia","email":"crachol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rossi, Tiffiny","contributorId":96366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossi","given":"Tiffiny","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":71114,"text":"ofr20041317 - 2005 - Water-quality data from two agricultural drainage basins in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois: I. Lagrangian and synoptic data, 1999-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T20:21:42","indexId":"ofr20041317","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1317","title":"Water-quality data from two agricultural drainage basins in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois: I. Lagrangian and synoptic data, 1999-2002","docAbstract":"

Methods of data collection and results of analyses are presented for Lagrangian and synoptic water-quality data collected from two agricultural drainages, the Iroquois River in northwestern Indiana and Sugar Creek in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois. During six separate sampling trips, in April, June and September 1999, May 2000, September 2001 and April 2002, 152 discrete water samples were collected to characterize the water chemistry over the course of 2 to 4 days on each of these drainages. Data were collected for nutrients, major inorganic constituents, dissolved organic carbon, trace elements, dissolved gases, total bacterial cell counts, chlorophyll-a concentrations, and suspended sediment concentrations. In addition, field measurements of streamflow, pH, specific conductance, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration were made during all trips except April 1999.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041317","usgsCitation":"Antweiler, R.C., Smith, R.L., Voytek, M.A., Bohlke, J., and Richards, K.D., 2005, Water-quality data from two agricultural drainage basins in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois: I. Lagrangian and synoptic data, 1999-2002 (Revised October 2005): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1317, 227 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041317.","productDescription":"227 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342007,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1317/OFR%2020041317.pdf"},{"id":6817,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1317/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Illinois ","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.53333333333333,40.53333333333333 ], [ -87.53333333333333,40.88333333333333 ], [ -87.25,40.88333333333333 ], [ -87.25,40.53333333333333 ], [ -87.53333333333333,40.53333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised October 2005","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faa12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voytek, Mary A.","contributorId":91943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":66293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richards, Kevin D. krichard@usgs.gov","contributorId":280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Kevin","email":"krichard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":71109,"text":"wdrPA042 - 2005 - Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 2004—Volume 2. Susquehanna and Potomac River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T12:56:30","indexId":"wdrPA042","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-04-2","title":"Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 2004—Volume 2. Susquehanna and Potomac River basins","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 2004 water year for Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report, Volume 2 contains (1) discharge records for 85 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, 13 partial-record stations, 18 special study and miscellaneous streamflow sites; (2) elevation and contents for 12 lakes and reservoirs, and water-quality records for 12 lakes and reservoirs; (3) water-quality records for 32 gaging stations and 82 ungaged streamsites; (4) water-level records for 40 network observation wells; and (5) water-quality analyses at 46 special study ground-water wells. Site locations are shown in figures throughout the report. Additional water data collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program are also presented. These data together with the data in Volumes 1 and 3, represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, the Baltimore District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Durlin, R., and Schaffstall, W., 2005, Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 2004—Volume 2. Susquehanna and Potomac River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PA-04-2, 587 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPA042.","productDescription":"587 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-pa-04-2/WDR-PA-04-2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR PA-04-2"},{"id":192865,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-pa-04-2/coverthb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","contact":"

Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0c4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durlin, R.R.","contributorId":67116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durlin","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaffstall, W.P.","contributorId":20010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffstall","given":"W.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71110,"text":"wdrPA043 - 2005 - Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 2004—Volume 3. Ohio and St. Lawrence River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T13:03:43","indexId":"wdrPA043","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-04-3","title":"Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 2004—Volume 3. Ohio and St. Lawrence River basins","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 2004 water year for Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report, Volume 3 contains (1) discharge records for 60 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, 6 partial-record stations and 13 special study and miscellaneous streamflow sites; (2) elevation and contents records for 11 lakes and reservoirs; (3) water-quality records for 4 lakes and reservoirs; (4) water-quality records for 23 gaging stations and 26 ungaged streamsites; (5) water-level records for 23 ground-water network observation wells; (6) ground-water-quality records for 19 miscellaneous wells. Site locations are shown in figures throughout the report. Additional water data collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program are also presented. These data together with the data in Volumes 1 and 2, represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, the Pittsburgh District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Siwicki, R.W., 2005, Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 2004—Volume 3. Ohio and St. Lawrence River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PA-04-3, 355 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPA043.","productDescription":"355 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6814,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-pa-04-3/WDR-PA-04-3.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.72 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR PA 2004-3"},{"id":192866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-pa-04-3/coverthb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","contact":"

Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ef00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siwicki, Raymond W.","contributorId":12548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siwicki","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71111,"text":"sir20045224 - 2005 - Occurrence of radium-224, radium-226, and radium-228 in water of the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T21:34:12.99557","indexId":"sir20045224","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5224","title":"Occurrence of radium-224, radium-226, and radium-228 in water of the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey","docAbstract":"

Water in the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the New Jersey Coastal Plain contains elevated concentrations (above 3 pCi/L (picocuries per liter)) of the alpha-particle-emitting radionuclide radium-224. Previously, water from the aquifer system had been found to contain radium-226 and radium-228. This observation is of concern because the previously undetected presence of radium-224 may pose an additional, quantifiable health risk that currently is not accounted for by the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 5 pCi/L for combined radium (the sum of radium-226 plus radium-228 is termed 'combined radium') in drinking water. Water samples were collected from a regional network of 88 wells for determination of concentrations of radium-224, radium-226, and radium-228; gross alpha-particle activity; and concentrations of major ions and selected trace elements. Both gamma and alpha spectroscopic techniques were used to determine concentrations of radium-224, which ranged from <0.5 to 16.8 pCi/L (median 2.1 pCi/L, interquartile range 1.2-3.7 pCi/L). Concentrations of radium-226 and radium-228 in the same samples ranged from <0.5 to 17.4 pCi/L (median 1.7 pCi/L, interquartile range 0.9-2.9 pCi/L) and <0.5 to 12.8 pCi/L (median 1.6 pCi/L, interquartile range, 0.9-2.6 pCi/L), respectively. Concentrations of radium-224 typically were greater than those of the other two radium radionuclides, as evidenced by the highest median, third quartile, and maximum concentrations, as well as the highest concentration among the three radium radioisotopes in 52 (59 percent) of the 88 samples. Concentrations of 5.0 to 5.5 pCi/L of radium-224 result in a gross alpha-particle activity of about 15 pCi/L (the MCL) 36 to 48 hours, respectively, after sample collection when ingrowth of radium-224 progeny radionuclides is considered, even with the unlikely assumption that no other alpha-particle-emitting radionuclide is present in the water. Concentrations of 3.4 to 3.7 pCi/L radium-224 result in a gross alpha-particle activity of 10 pCi/L 36 to 48 hours, respectively, after sample collection when ingrowth of Ra-224 progeny radionuclides is considered. In this latter case, it is possible that the summed alpha-particle activity from radium-226 present at a concentration less than or equal to 5 pCi/L (the MCL for combined radium) and from radium-224 present at a concentration about 3.4 pCi/L or greater may exceed the 15-pCi/L MCL for gross alpha-particle activity. In this study, gross alpha-particle activities were measured within 48 hours after sample collection and were found to exceed the MCL of 15 pCi/L in nearly half (43) of the 88 samples collected. The concentration of radium-224 exceeded that of radium-226 in 55 (62.5 percent) of the 88 samples. Concentrations of radium-224 correlate strongly with those of both radium-226 and radium-228 (Spearman correlation coefficients r=0.74 and 0.91, respectively). Concentrations of radium-224, radium-226, and radium-228 were greatest in the most acidic ground water. Concentrations of radium-224 and combined radium-226 and radium-228 in samples of ground water with pH less than 4.7 exceeded 5 pCi/L in 33 and 67 percent of the samples, respectively. Concentrations of radium-224, radium-226, and radium-228 (measured separately) were greatest in water from the southern part of the aquifer outcrop area. In water from the northern part of the aquifer system outcrop area, radium-224 concentrations were as high as 3.6 pCi/L, and concentrations of combined radium and gross alpha-particle activity in some samples exceeded their respective MCLs. The presence of gross alpha-particle activities greater than 15 pCi/L and combined radium-226 and radium-228 concentrations greater than 5 pCi/L in the southwestern part of the aquifer system outcrop area is common and had been documented before 1997. Results of this study confirm these earlier findings. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20045224","usgsCitation":"Szabo, Z., dePaul, V., Kraemer, T.F., and Parsa, B., 2005, Occurrence of radium-224, radium-226, and radium-228 in water of the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5224, vii, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045224.","productDescription":"vii, 92 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415895,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73715.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367998,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5224/NJsir2004-5224_report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.2917,\n 39.4\n ],\n [\n -74.1333,\n 39.4\n ],\n [\n -74.1333,\n 40.1\n ],\n [\n -75.2917,\n 40.1\n ],\n [\n -75.2917,\n 39.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db69224f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"dePaul, Vincent T. 0000-0002-7977-5217","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-5217","contributorId":13972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"dePaul","given":"Vincent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsa, Bahman","contributorId":28487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsa","given":"Bahman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":71121,"text":"sir20055181 - 2005 - Hydrologic conditions and lake-level fluctuations at Long Lost Lake, 1939-2004, White Earth Indian Reservation, Clearwater County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T08:17:30","indexId":"sir20055181","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5181","title":"Hydrologic conditions and lake-level fluctuations at Long Lost Lake, 1939-2004, White Earth Indian Reservation, Clearwater County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Long Lost Lake, a closed-basin lake in Clearwater County, Minnesota, has had a substantial rise in lake level since 1990. The increased level and surface area of the lake has led to the inundation of nearby homes and roads. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the White Earth Band of Chippewa Indians, conducted a study to document the historical lake-level fluctuations, to investigate reasons for hydrologic change, and to develop a general understanding of the hydrology of lakes that have had rapid changes in lake level.

\n

Lake levels were recorded continuously from August 2003 through December 2004. The purpose was to establish a temporal, detailed record of lake levels and to connect this record to precipitation and ground-water-level data. A long-term record is critical to understanding the relation between surface water and ground water. This is especially true for closed-basin lakes. Between August 2003 and December 2004, the lake level generally declined. The highest lake altitude was 492.58 meters above NAVD 88 on August 5, 2003, and the low of 492.11 meters above NAVD 88 occurred on August 29, 2004.

\n

Results of water-level measurements in 5 observation wells and 14 wetlands and ponds show that the water-table level is substantially higher on the north side of the lake than the lake level, providing the head pressure necessary for ground-water discharge into Long Lost Lake. In contrast, on the south and east sides of the lake, water-table levels are similar to the lake level. This indicates a general north-northwest to south-southeast ground-water flow direction. Results of a synoptic survey of lake temperature and other measurements supported the direction of water inflow and outflow.

\n

Aerial photography and a geographic information system were used to construct a historical lake record from 1939 to 2001. Lake-level increases match similar increases in precipitation, indicating a strong link between the two. Results show that lake-level increases in Long Lost Lake appear to primarily be due to natural rather than anthropogenic effects.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055181","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the White Earth Band of Chippewa Indians","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., and Bergman, A.L., 2005, Hydrologic conditions and lake-level fluctuations at Long Lost Lake, 1939-2004, White Earth Indian Reservation, Clearwater County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5181, v, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055181.","productDescription":"v, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055181.JPG"},{"id":6822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5181/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Long Lost Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.41128158569335,\n 47.21572047609892\n ],\n [\n -95.40836334228516,\n 47.21676985912015\n ],\n [\n -95.40647506713867,\n 47.219451521380755\n ],\n [\n -95.40184020996094,\n 47.2186353776589\n ],\n [\n -95.39857864379883,\n 47.216886455951716\n ],\n [\n -95.39634704589844,\n 47.21233898953997\n ],\n [\n -95.39480209350586,\n 47.20697480997098\n ],\n [\n -95.3858757019043,\n 47.202776377962714\n ],\n [\n -95.38055419921875,\n 47.199627335893815\n ],\n [\n -95.37677764892577,\n 47.1981110637904\n ],\n [\n -95.36630630493164,\n 47.195894895848376\n ],\n [\n -95.36767959594727,\n 47.19204554206408\n ],\n [\n -95.37179946899414,\n 47.19076236208704\n ],\n [\n -95.37300109863281,\n 47.183995990963375\n ],\n [\n -95.37351608276367,\n 47.17874562604236\n ],\n [\n -95.37952423095703,\n 47.1703439621658\n ],\n [\n -95.38209915161133,\n 47.16567579675341\n ],\n [\n -95.39119720458984,\n 47.16474211443864\n ],\n [\n -95.39840698242188,\n 47.158556054598705\n ],\n [\n -95.40939331054688,\n 47.15178557877874\n ],\n [\n -95.4136848449707,\n 47.14513099485615\n ],\n [\n -95.4227828979492,\n 47.142445575952316\n ],\n [\n -95.42673110961913,\n 47.14489748555398\n ],\n [\n -95.42673110961913,\n 47.15260275094301\n ],\n [\n -95.42535781860352,\n 47.15692188079374\n ],\n [\n -95.42587280273438,\n 47.165092247229836\n ],\n [\n -95.42913436889648,\n 47.16836004199517\n ],\n [\n -95.43617248535156,\n 47.17162763572931\n ],\n [\n -95.44029235839844,\n 47.17874562604236\n ],\n [\n -95.44286727905272,\n 47.183062630703596\n ],\n [\n -95.44544219970703,\n 47.188895863101216\n ],\n [\n -95.44818878173828,\n 47.197294591633096\n ],\n [\n -95.44836044311523,\n 47.20056040488173\n ],\n [\n -95.44870376586914,\n 47.20440914100589\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 47.21012341591655\n ],\n [\n -95.44973373413086,\n 47.21467107231053\n ],\n [\n -95.4466438293457,\n 47.2186353776589\n ],\n [\n -95.43943405151367,\n 47.221783291362975\n ],\n [\n -95.43033599853514,\n 47.22201646272081\n ],\n [\n -95.42638778686523,\n 47.22096718353454\n ],\n [\n -95.42192459106445,\n 47.22038424167995\n ],\n [\n -95.41814804077148,\n 47.21816900417739\n ],\n [\n -95.41128158569335,\n 47.21572047609892\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611544","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria G. 0000-0003-4166-7461 vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergman, Andrea L.","contributorId":10683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71122,"text":"sir20055186 - 2005 - Hydrology, geomorphology, and flood profiles of Lemon Creek, Juneau, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T15:29:26","indexId":"sir20055186","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5186","title":"Hydrology, geomorphology, and flood profiles of Lemon Creek, Juneau, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Lemon Creek near Juneau, Alaska has a history of extensive gravel mining, which straightened and deepened the stream channel in the lower reaches of the study area. Gravel mining and channel excavation began in the 1940s and continued through the mid-1980s. Time sequential aerial photos and field investigations indicate that the channel morphology is reverting to pre-disturbance conditions through aggradation of sediment and re-establishment of braided channels, which may result in decreased channel conveyance and increased flooding potential. Time sequential surveys of selected channel cross sections were conducted in an attempt to determine rates of channel aggradation/degradation throughout three reaches of the study area. In order to assess flooding potential in the lower reaches of the study area the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System model was used to estimate the water-surface elevations for the 2-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year floods. A regionally based regression equation was used to estimate the magnitude of floods for the selected recurrence intervals. Forty-two cross sections were surveyed to define the hydraulic characteristics along a 1.7-mile reach of the stream. High-water marks from a peak flow of 1,820 cubic feet per second, or about a 5-year flood, were surveyed and used to calibrate the model throughout the study area. The stream channel at a bridge in the lower reach could not be simulated without violating assumptions of the model. A model without the lower bridge indicates flood potential is limited to a small area.

","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/sir20055186","usgsCitation":"Host, R.H., and Neal, E., 2005, Hydrology, geomorphology, and flood profiles of Lemon Creek, Juneau, Alaska (Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5186, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055186.","productDescription":"28 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6823,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5186/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","edition":"Online Only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Host, Randy H.","contributorId":53778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Host","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, Edward G.","contributorId":68775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Edward G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71106,"text":"wdrGA041 - 2005 - Water resources data, Georgia, 2004: Volume 1: Continuous water-level, streamflow, water-quality, and periodic water-quality data, water year 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:45:16","indexId":"wdrGA041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data 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2000-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:00","indexId":"sir20055109","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5109","title":"Bathymetry and vegetation in isolated marsh and cypress wetlands in the northern Tampa Bay Area, 2000-2004","docAbstract":"Wetland bathymetry and vegetation mapping are two commonly used lines of evidence for assessing the hydrologic and ecologic status of expansive coastal and riverine wetlands. For small isolated freshwater wetlands, however, bathymetric data coupled with vegetation assessments are generally scarce, despite the prevalence of isolated wetlands in many regions of the United States and the recognized importance of topography as a control on inundation patterns and vegetation distribution.\r\n\r\nIn the northern Tampa Bay area of west-central Florida, bathymetry was mapped and vegetation was assessed in five marsh and five cypress wetlands. These 10 isolated wetlands were grouped into three categories based on the effects of ground-water withdrawals from regional municipal well fields: natural (no effect), impaired (drier than natural), and augmented (wetlands with artificially augmented water levels). Delineation of the wetland perimeter was a critical component for estimating wetland-surface area and stored water volume. The wetland perimeter was delineated by the presence of Serenoa repens (the 'palmetto fringe') at 9 of the 10 sites. At the 10th site, where the palmetto fringe was absent, hydric-soils indicators were used to delineate the perimeter. Bathymetric data were collected using one or more techniques, depending on the physical characteristics of each wetland. Wetland stage was measured hourly using continuous stage recorders. Wetland vegetation was assessed semiannually for 2 1/2 years in fixed plots located at three distinct elevations. Vegetation assessments were used to determine the community composition and the relative abundance of obligate, facultative wet, and facultative species at each elevation.\r\n\r\nBathymetry maps were generated, and stage-area and stage-volume relations were developed for all 10 wetlands. Bathymetric data sets containing a high density of data points collected at frequent and regular spatial intervals provided the most useful stage-area and stage-volume relations. Bathymetric maps of several wetlands also were generated using a low density of data points collected along transect lines or contour lines. In a comparative analysis of the three mapping approaches, stage-area and stage-volume relations based on transect data alone underestimated (by 50-100 percent over certain ranges of stage) the wetland area and volume compared to results using a high density of data points. Adding data points collected along one elevation contour below the wetland perimeter to the transect data set greatly improved the agreement of the resulting stage-area and stage-volume relations to the high-density mapping approach. \r\n\r\nStage-area relations and routinely monitored stage data were used to compare and contrast the average flooded area in a natural marsh and an impaired marsh over a 2-year period. Vegetation assessments used together with flooded-area information provided the potential for extrapolating vegetation results from points or transects to wetlands as a whole. A comparison of the frequency of flooding of different areas of the wetland and the species composition in vegetation plots at different elevations indicated the dependence of vegetation on inundation frequency. Because of the broad tolerances of many wetlands plants to a range of inundation conditions, however, vegetation assessments alone provided less definitive evidence of the hydrologic differences between the two sites, and hydrologic changes occurring during the 2 years, than the flooded-area frequencies.\r\n\r\nCombining flooded-area frequencies with vegetation assessments could provide a more versatile and insightful approach for determining the ecological status of wetlands than using vegetation and stage data alone. Flooded-area frequencies may further provide a useful approach for assessing the ecological status of wetlands where historical vegetation surveys and stage data are lacking. Comparing the contemporary flooded-area frequencies a","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055109","usgsCitation":"Haag, K.H., Lee, T.M., and Herndon, D.C., 2005, Bathymetry and vegetation in isolated marsh and cypress wetlands in the northern Tampa Bay Area, 2000-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5109, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055109.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5109.jpg"},{"id":6812,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haag, Kim H. khhaag@usgs.gov","contributorId":381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"Kim","email":"khhaag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Terrie M. tmlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Terrie","email":"tmlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herndon, Donald C.","contributorId":91582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herndon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":71116,"text":"ofr20051283 - 2005 - Assessment of characteristics and remedial alternatives for abandoned mine drainage : case study at Staple Bend Tunnel unit of Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-10T10:39:24","indexId":"ofr20051283","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1283","title":"Assessment of characteristics and remedial alternatives for abandoned mine drainage : case study at Staple Bend Tunnel unit of Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, 2004","docAbstract":"

This report describes field, laboratory, and computational methods that could be used to assess remedial strategies for abandoned mine drainage (AMD). During April-June, 2004, the assessment process was applied to AMD from bituminous coal deposits at a test site in the Staple Bend Tunnel Unit of Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site (ALPO-SBTU) in Cambria County, Pennsylvania. The purpose of this study was (1) to characterize the AMD quantity and quality within the ALPO-SBTU test site; (2) to evaluate the efficacy of limestone or steel slag for neutralization of the AMD on the basis of reaction-rate measurements; and (3) to identify possible alternatives for passive or active treatment of the AMD. The data from this case study ultimately will be used by the National Park Service (NPS) to develop a site remediation plan. The approach used in this study could be applicable at other sites subject to drainage from abandoned coal or metal mines.

During April 2004, AMD from 9 sources (sites1, 1Fe, Fe, 2, 3, 3B, 5, 6, and 7) at the ALPO-SBTU test site had a combined flow rate of 1,420 gallons per minute (gal/min) and flow-weighted averages for pH of 3.3, net acidity of 55 milligrams per liter (mg/L) as CaCO3, and concentrations of dissolved sulfate, aluminum, iron, and manganese of 694 mg/L, 4.4 mg/L, 0.74 mg/L, and 1.2 mg/L, respectively. These pH, net acidity, sulfate, and aluminum values exceed effluent criteria for active mines in Pennsylvania.

During April-June 2004, limestone and steel slag that were locally available were tested in the laboratory for their composition, approximate surface area, and potential to neutralize samples of the AMD. Although the substrates had a similar particle-size distribution and identical calcium content (43 percent as calcium oxide), the limestone was composed of crystalline carbonates and the slag was composed of silicate glass and minerals. After a minimum of 8 hours contact between the AMD and limestone or steel slag in closed containers (cubitainers), near-neutral effluent was produced. With prolonged contact between the AMD and limestone or steel slag, the concentrations of iron, aluminum, and most dissolved trace elements in effluent from the cubitainers declined while pH was maintained greater than 6.0 and less than 9.0. The cubitainer testing demonstrated (1) lower alkalinity production but higher pH of AMD treated with steel slag compared to limestone, and (2) predictable relations between the effluent quality, detention time, and corresponding flow rate and bulk volume for a bed of crushed limestone or steel slag in an AMD passive-treatment system.

The process for evaluating AMD remedial strategies at the ALPO-SBTU test site involved the computation and ranking of the metal loadings during April 2004 for each of the AMD sources and a comparison of the data on AMD flow and chemistry (alkalinity, acidity, dissolved oxygen, ferric iron, aluminum) with published criteria for selection of passive-treatment technology. Although neutralization of the AMD by reaction with limestone was demonstrated with cubitainer tests, an anoxic limestone drain (ALD) was indicated as inappropriate for any AMD source at the test site because all had excessive concentrations of dissolved oxygen and (or) aluminum. One passive-treatment scenario that was identified for the individual or combined AMD sources involved an open limestone channel (OLC) to collect the AMD source(s), a vertical flow compost wetland (VFCW) to add alkalinity, and an aerobic wetland to facilitate iron and manganese oxidation and retention of precipitated solids. Innovative passive-system designs that direct flow upward through submerged layers of limestone and/or steel slag and that incorporate siphons for automatic flushing of solids to a pond also may warrant consideration. Alternatively, an active-treatment system with a hydraulic-powered lime doser could be employed instead of the VFCW or upflow system. Now, given these data on AMD flow and chemistry and identified remedial technologies, a resource manager can use a publicly available computer program such as \"AMDTreat\" to evaluate the potential sizes and costs of various remedial alternatives.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051283","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C.A., 2005, Assessment of characteristics and remedial alternatives for abandoned mine drainage : case study at Staple Bend Tunnel unit of Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, 2004 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1283, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051283.","productDescription":"58 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6819,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1283/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.5,40.583333333333336 ], [ -79.5,40.63333333333333 ], [ -79.33333333333333,40.63333333333333 ], [ -79.33333333333333,40.583333333333336 ], [ -79.5,40.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71117,"text":"sir20055140 - 2005 - Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater constituents in selected streams in northern Arkansas, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T17:49:59","indexId":"sir20055140","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5140","title":"Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater constituents in selected streams in northern Arkansas, 2004","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the University of Arkansas and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, collected data in 2004 to determine the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater constituents, including many constituents of emerging environmental concern, in selected streams in northern Arkansas. Samples were collected in March and April 2004 from 17 sites located upstream and downstream from wastewater- treatment plant effluent discharges on 7 streams in northwestern Arkansas and at 1 stream site in a relatively undeveloped basin in north-central Arkansas. Additional samples were collected at three of the sites in August 2004. The targeted organic wastewater constituents and sample sites were selected because wastewater-treatment plant effluent discharge provides a potential point source of these constituents and analytical techniques have improved to accurately measure small amounts of these constituents in environmental samples. \r\n\r\nAt least 1 of the 108 pharmaceutical or other organic wastewater constituents was detected at all sites in 2004, except at Spavinaw Creek near Maysville, Arkansas. The number of detections generally was greater at sites downstream from municipal wastewater-treatment plant effluent discharges (mean = 14) compared to sites not influenced by wastewatertreatment plants (mean = 3). Overall, 42 of the 108 constituents targeted in the collected water-quality samples were detected. The most frequently detected constituents included caffeine, phenol, para-cresol, and acetyl hexamethyl tetrahydro naphthalene.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055140","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., Haggard, B.E., Meyers, M.T., and Green, W.R., 2005, Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater constituents in selected streams in northern Arkansas, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5140, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055140.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6820,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -89.9560546875,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -89.9560546875,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 34.08906131584994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db69238b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haggard, Brian E.","contributorId":20299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggard","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyers, Michael T.","contributorId":98404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":71107,"text":"wdrGA042 - 2005 - Water resources data, Georgia, 2004: Volume 2: Continuous ground-water-level data and periodic ground-water-quality data, calendar year 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:45:58","indexId":"wdrGA042","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"GA-04-2","title":"Water resources data, Georgia, 2004: Volume 2: Continuous ground-water-level data and periodic ground-water-quality data, calendar year 2004","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrGA042","usgsCitation":"Peck, M., Cressler, A.M., Painter, J.A., McCallum, B.E., and Alhadeff, D.V., 2005, Water resources data, Georgia, 2004: Volume 2: Continuous ground-water-level data and periodic ground-water-quality data, calendar year 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report GA-04-2, 241 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrGA042.","productDescription":"241 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6811,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/wdr-ga-04-2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United 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basin, eastern Pennsylvania and western New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T10:22:52","indexId":"sir20055113","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5113","title":"Water budgets for selected watersheds in the Delaware River basin, eastern Pennsylvania and western New Jersey","docAbstract":"This pilot study, done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Delaware River Basin Commission, developed annual water budgets using available data for five watersheds in the Delaware River Basin with different degrees of urbanization and different geological settings. A basin water budget and a water-use budget were developed for each watershed. The basin water budget describes inputs to the watershed (precipitation and imported water), outputs of water from the watershed (streamflow, exported water, leakage, consumed water, and evapotranspiration), and changes in ground-water and surface-water storage. The water-use budget describes water withdrawals in the watershed (ground-water and surface-water withdrawals), discharges of water in the watershed (discharge to surface water and ground water), and movement of water of water into and out of the watershed (imports, exports, and consumed water). The water-budget equations developed for this study can be applied to any watershed in the Delaware River Basin. Data used to develop the water budgets were obtained from available long-term meteorological and hydrological data-collection stations and from water-use data collected by regulatory agencies. In the Coastal Plain watersheds, net ground-water loss from unconfined to confined aquifers was determined by using ground-water-flow-model simulations. Error in the water-budget terms is caused by missing data, poor or incomplete measurements, overestimated or underestimated quantities, measurement or reporting errors, and the use of point measurements, such as precipitation and water levels, to estimate an areal quantity, particularly if the watershed is hydrologically or geologically complex or the data-collection station is outside the watershed. The complexity of the water budgets increases with increasing watershed urbanization and interbasin transfer of water. In the Wissahickon Creek watershed, for example, some ground water is discharged to streams in the watershed, some is exported as wastewater, and some is exported for public supply. In addition, ground water withdrawn outside the watershed is imported for public supply or imported as wastewater for treatment and discharge in the watershed. A GIS analysis was necessary to quantify many of the water-budget components. \r\n\r\nThe 89.9-square mile East Branch Brandywine Creek watershed in Pennsylvania is a rural watershed with reservoir storage that is underlain by fractured rock. Water budgets were developed for 1977-2001. Average annual precipitation, streamflow, and evapotranspiration were 46.89, 21.58, and 25.88 inches, respectively. Some water was imported (average of 0.68 inches) into the watershed for public-water supply and as wastewater for treatment and discharge; these imports resulted in a net gain of water to the watershed. More water was discharged to East Branch Brandywine Creek than was withdrawn from it; the net discharge resulted in an increase in streamflow. Most ground water was withdrawn (average of 0.25 inches) for public-water supply. Surface water was withdrawn (average of 0.58 inches) for public-water and industrial supply. Discharge of water by sewage-treatment plants and industries (average of 1.22 inches) and regulation by Marsh Creek Reservoir caused base flow to appear an average of 7.2 percent higher than it would have been without these additional sources. On average, 67 percent of the difference was caused by sewage-treatment-plant and industrial discharges, and 33 percent was caused by regulation of the Marsh Creek Reservoir. Water imports, withdrawals, and discharges have been increasing as the watershed becomes increasingly urbanized. \r\n\r\nThe 64-square mile Wissahickon Creek watershed in Pennsylvania is an urban watershed underlain by fractured rock. Water budgets were developed for 1987-98. Average annual precipitation, streamflow, and evapotranspiration were 47.23, 22.24, and 23.12 inches, respectively. The watershed is highly u","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055113","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., and Buxton, D.E., 2005, Water budgets for selected watersheds in the Delaware River basin, eastern Pennsylvania and western New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5113, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055113.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6821,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", 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quality-assurance plan for the USGS Georgia Water Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T08:38:16","indexId":"ofr20051246","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1246","title":"Surface-water quality-assurance plan for the USGS Georgia Water Science Center","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051246","usgsCitation":"Gotvald, A.J., and Stamey, T.C., 2005, Surface-water quality-assurance plan for the USGS Georgia Water Science Center (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1246, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051246.","productDescription":"54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic 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Delaware River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T12:55:53","indexId":"wdrPA041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-04-1","title":"Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 2004—Volume 1. Delaware River basin","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 2004 water year for Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report, Volume 1 contains (1) discharge records for 79 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, 8 partial record stations, 19 special-study and miscellaneous streamflow sites; (2) elevation and contents records for 13 lakes and reservoirs, and water-quality records for 6 lakes and reservoirs; (3) water-quality records for 38 gaging stations and 12 ungaged streamsites; (4) water-quality records for 82 special-study stations; (5) water-level records for 52 network observation wells; and (6) water-quality analyses of ground water from 16 ground-water wells. Site locations are shown in figures 6-18. Additional water data collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program are also presented. These data together with the data in Volumes 2 and 3, represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, the Philadelphia District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Chester County Water Resources Authority, and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Durlin, R., and Schaffstall, W., 2005, Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 2004—Volume 1. Delaware River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PA-04-1, 671 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPA041.","productDescription":"671 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-pa-04-1/WDR-PA-04-1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR PA-04-1"},{"id":185836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-pa-04-1/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"

Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durlin, R.R.","contributorId":67116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durlin","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaffstall, W.P.","contributorId":20010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffstall","given":"W.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71076,"text":"ofr20051027 - 2005 - An operational mean high water datum for determination of shoreline position from topographic Lidar data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"ofr20051027","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1027","title":"An operational mean high water datum for determination of shoreline position from topographic Lidar data","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051027","usgsCitation":"Weber, K., List, J., and Morgan, K., 2005, An operational mean high water datum for determination of shoreline position from topographic Lidar data (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1027, Unpaginated online content, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051027.","productDescription":"Unpaginated online content","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6768,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"5000000","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684204","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weber, Kathryn M.","contributorId":83387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Kathryn M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, Karen L.M. 0000-0002-2994-5572","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-5572","contributorId":95553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Karen L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":71086,"text":"sir20055114 - 2005 - Development of property-transfer models for estimating the hydraulic properties of deep sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T20:02:35","indexId":"sir20055114","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5114","title":"Development of property-transfer models for estimating the hydraulic properties of deep sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"Because characterizing the unsaturated hydraulic properties of sediments over large areas or depths is costly and time consuming, development of models that predict these properties from more easily measured bulk-physical properties is desirable. At the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, the unsaturated zone is composed of thick basalt flow sequences interbedded with thinner sedimentary layers. Determining the unsaturated hydraulic properties of sedimentary layers is one step in understanding water flow and solute transport processes through this complex unsaturated system. Multiple linear regression was used to construct simple property-transfer models for estimating the water-retention curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity of deep sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. The regression models were developed from 109 core sample subsets with laboratory measurements of hydraulic and bulk-physical properties. The core samples were collected at depths of 9 to 175 meters at two facilities within the southwestern portion of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory-the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, and the Vadose Zone Research Park southwest of the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center. Four regression models were developed using bulk-physical property measurements (bulk density, particle density, and particle size) as the potential explanatory variables. Three representations of the particle-size distribution were compared: (1) textural-class percentages (gravel, sand, silt, and clay), (2) geometric statistics (mean and standard deviation), and (3) graphical statistics (median and uniformity coefficient). The four response variables, estimated from linear combinations of the bulk-physical properties, included saturated hydraulic conductivity and three parameters that define the water-retention curve.\r\n\r\nFor each core sample,values of each water-retention parameter were estimated from the appropriate regression equation and used to calculate an estimated water-retention curve. The degree to which the estimated curve approximated the measured curve was quantified using a goodness-of-fit indicator, the root-mean-square error. Comparison of the root-mean-square-error distributions for each alternative particle-size model showed that the estimated water-retention curves were insensitive to the way the particle-size distribution was represented. Bulk density, the median particle diameter, and the uniformity coefficient were chosen as input parameters for the final models. The property-transfer models developed in this study allow easy determination of hydraulic properties without need for their direct measurement. Additionally, the models provide the basis for development of theoretical models that rely on physical relationships between the pore-size distribution and the bulk-physical properties of the media. With this adaptation, the property-transfer models should have greater application throughout the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory and other geographic locations. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055114","usgsCitation":"Winfield, K.A., 2005, Development of property-transfer models for estimating the hydraulic properties of deep sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5114, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055114.","productDescription":"59 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6774,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.16629028320312,\n 43.402054267905655\n ],\n [\n -111.87515258789062,\n 43.402054267905655\n ],\n [\n -111.87515258789062,\n 43.68872888432795\n ],\n [\n -112.16629028320312,\n 43.68872888432795\n ],\n [\n -112.16629028320312,\n 43.402054267905655\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winfield, Kari A.","contributorId":63874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winfield","given":"Kari","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71083,"text":"fs20053093 - 2005 - Monitoring the water quality of Lake Olathe, Johnson County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"fs20053093","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3093","title":"Monitoring the water quality of Lake Olathe, Johnson County, Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053093","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, P.P., and McAllister, D.H., 2005, Monitoring the water quality of Lake Olathe, Johnson County, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3093, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053093.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3093.bmp"},{"id":6771,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699031","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Patrick P. 0000-0002-3287-6010 pras@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-6010","contributorId":3530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Patrick","email":"pras@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAllister, DeWayne H.","contributorId":69649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"DeWayne","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71070,"text":"fs20053094 - 2005 - The value of hydrologic data and interagency coordination in protecting drinking-water supplies in Minnesota rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"fs20053094","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3094","title":"The value of hydrologic data and interagency coordination in protecting drinking-water supplies in Minnesota rivers","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053094","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., Arntson, A., and Brostrom, D., 2005, The value of hydrologic data and interagency coordination in protecting drinking-water supplies in Minnesota rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3094, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053094.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3094.bmp"},{"id":6763,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs2005-3094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f056","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arntson, A.D.","contributorId":100026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arntson","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brostrom, D.L.","contributorId":25035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brostrom","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":71064,"text":"sir20055031 - 2005 - Water use and availability in the Woonasquatucket and Moshassuck River basins, north-central Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T11:17:12","indexId":"sir20055031","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5031","title":"Water use and availability in the Woonasquatucket and Moshassuck River basins, north-central Rhode Island","docAbstract":"

The Woonasquatucket River Basin includes 51.0 square miles, and the Moshassuck River Basin includes 23.8 square miles in north-central Rhode Island. The study area comprises these two basins. The two basins border each other with the Moshassuck River Basin to the northeast of the Woonasquatucket River Basin. Seven towns are in the Woonasquatucket River Basin, and six towns are in the Moshassuck River Basin. To determine the water use and availability in the study area, water supply and discharge data were collected for these river basins for the 1995–99 period, and compared to estimated long-term water available.

The study area is unique in the State of Rhode Island, because no withdrawals from major public suppliers were made during the study period. Withdrawals were, therefore, limited to self-supplied domestic use, two minor suppliers, and one self-supplied industrial user. Because no metered data were available, the summer water withdrawals were assumed to be the same as the estimates for the rest of the year. Seven major water suppliers distribute an average of 17.564 million gallons per day for use in the study area from sources outside of the study area. The withdrawals from minor water suppliers were 0.017 million gallons per day in the study area, all in the town of Smithfield in the Woonasquatucket River Basin. The remaining withdrawals in the study area were estimated to be 0.731 million gallons per day by self-supplied domestic, commercial, industrial, and agricultural users.

Return flows in the study area included self-disposed water and disposal from permitted dischargers, including the Smithfield Sewage Treatment Plant. Return flows accounted for 4.116 million gallons per day in the study area. Most public-disposed water (15.195 million gallons per day) is collected by the Narragansett Bay Commission and is disposed outside of the basin in Narragansett Bay.

The PART program, a computerized hydrograph-separation application, was used at one index stream-gaging station to determine water availability based on the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentiles of the total base flow, the base flow minus the 7-day, 10-year flow criteria, and the base flow minus the Aquatic Base Flow criteria. The index station selected was the Branch River at Forestdale, which is close to the study area and has a similar percentage of sand and gravel area.

Water availability was estimated on the basis of baseflow contributions from sand and gravel deposits and till deposits at the index station. Flows were computed for June, July, August, and September 1957–2000, and a percentage of the total flow was determined to come from either sand and gravel deposits, or till, by using a regression equation. The base-flow contributions were converted to a flow per unit area at the station for the till and for the sand and gravel deposits and then applied to the deposits in the study area basins. These values were used to estimate the gross yield of base flow, as well as to subtract the two low flows (7-day, 10-year flow, and Aquatic Base Flow criteria). The results from the Branch River stream-gaging station were lowest in August at the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentile for total flow with either flow criteria subtracted. The estimated August gross yield at the 50th percentile from the Woonasquatucket River Basin was 12.94 million gallons per day, and 5.91 million gallons per day from the Moshassuck River Basin.

A ratio was calculated that is equal to total withdrawals divided by water availability. Water-availability flow scenarios at the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentiles for the basins, which are based on total water available from base-flow contributions from till and sand and gravel deposits in the basins, were assessed. The ratios were the highest in July for the 50th percentile estimated gross yield minus Aquatic Base Flow (ABF) flow criteria, where withdrawals are close to the available water. Ratios are not presented if the available water is less than the flow criteria. The ratio of withdrawals to the July gross yield at the 50th percentile minus Aquatic Base Flow was 0.796 for the Woonasquatucket and 0.275 for the Moshassuck River Basin.

A long-term hydrologic budget was calculated for the period of 1956–2000 for the Woonasquatucket River Basin and the period of 1964–2000 for the Moshassuck River Basin. The water withdrawals and return flows used in the budget were from 1995 through 1999. For the hydrologic budget, inflow was assumed to equal outflow and was about 120 million gallons per day in the Woonasquatucket River Basin and 56 million gallons per day in the Moshassuck River Basin. The estimated inflows from precipitation and water return flow were 97.3 and 2.7 percent, respectively, in the Woonasquatucket River Basin, and 98.3 and 1.7 percent, respectively, in the Moshassuck River Basin. The estimated outflows from evapotranspiration, streamflow, and water withdrawals were 43.4, 56.1, and 0.5 percent, respectively, in the Woonasquatucket River Basin, and 49.8, 50, and 0.2 percent, respectively, in the Moshassuck River Basin.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055031","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Nimiroski, M.T., and Wild, E.C., 2005, Water use and availability in the Woonasquatucket and Moshassuck River basins, north-central Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5031, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055031.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055031.JPG"},{"id":6758,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Woonasquatucket and Moshassuck River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.38916015625,\n 41.883365022797314\n ],\n [\n -71.41456604003906,\n 41.901765978963454\n ],\n [\n -71.43928527832031,\n 41.91811793408036\n ],\n [\n -71.47018432617188,\n 41.933954896061614\n ],\n [\n -71.48597717285156,\n 41.933954896061614\n ],\n [\n -71.4990234375,\n 41.92322706102551\n ],\n [\n -71.50382995605467,\n 41.928846628183166\n ],\n [\n -71.52786254882812,\n 41.939573518226936\n ],\n [\n -71.53541564941405,\n 41.949787926673416\n ],\n [\n -71.54571533203125,\n 41.96051129429777\n ],\n [\n -71.56425476074219,\n 41.97684819454686\n ],\n [\n -71.5924072265625,\n 41.97225386481823\n ],\n [\n -71.59927368164062,\n 41.951830611989145\n ],\n [\n -71.61026000976562,\n 41.93548729665268\n ],\n [\n -71.63291931152344,\n 41.918628865183045\n ],\n [\n -71.63841247558594,\n 41.899721690058364\n ],\n [\n -71.62399291992188,\n 41.875696393231\n ],\n [\n -71.59034729003906,\n 41.86189054099241\n ],\n [\n -71.56768798828125,\n 41.852173524388824\n ],\n [\n -71.56082153320312,\n 41.840920397579936\n ],\n [\n -71.54228210449219,\n 41.83631627521814\n ],\n [\n -71.5264892578125,\n 41.84603570059352\n ],\n [\n -71.51069641113281,\n 41.83426989228831\n ],\n [\n -71.49627685546874,\n 41.82403699620285\n ],\n [\n -71.4887237548828,\n 41.81584950164211\n ],\n [\n -71.45713806152342,\n 41.80919639152055\n ],\n [\n -71.44203186035156,\n 41.806125492238664\n ],\n [\n -71.43035888671875,\n 41.80766096027984\n ],\n [\n -71.42280578613281,\n 41.81687299570986\n ],\n [\n -71.41181945800781,\n 41.82608370627639\n ],\n [\n -71.40151977539062,\n 41.83580468561977\n ],\n [\n -71.39533996582031,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -71.39396667480469,\n 41.86240192202145\n ],\n [\n -71.38916015625,\n 41.883365022797314\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a0fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimiroski, Mark T.","contributorId":65898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimiroski","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wild, Emily C. 0000-0001-6157-7629 ecwild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-7629","contributorId":1810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wild","given":"Emily","email":"ecwild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5081,"text":"Libraries","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71059,"text":"cir1278 - 2005 - Water withdrawals and trends from the Floridan aquifer system in the southeastern United States, 1950-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"cir1278","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1278","title":"Water withdrawals and trends from the Floridan aquifer system in the southeastern United States, 1950-2000","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system in the southeastern United States is one of the most productive aquifers in the world (Miller, 1990). This aquifer system underlies an area of about 100,000 square miles in southern Alabama, eastern and southern Georgia, southeastern Mississippi, southern South Carolina, and all of Florida. The Floridan aquifer system is the primary source of water for nearly 10 million people and supports agriculture, industry, and tourism throughout most of the region. In most areas, water from this aquifer is potable and needs very little treatment before use. However, in southern Florida (south of Lake Okeechobee), northwestern Florida and southern Alabama and Mississippi (Pensacola and westward), and eastern South Carolina, water in the aquifer system generally is not potable.\r\n\r\nThe purpose of this report is to: \r\n\r\nProvide a general description of the Floridan aquifer system; \r\n\r\nDiscuss water withdrawals by category for 2000; \r\n\r\nHighlight trends in water withdrawals between 1950 and 2000; and \r\n\r\nProvide a brief summary on the effects that human impacts have on the Floridan aquifer system. \r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir1278","usgsCitation":"Marella, R.L., and Berndt, M., 2005, Water withdrawals and trends from the Floridan aquifer system in the southeastern United States, 1950-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1278, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1278.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6728,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2005/1278/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marella, Richard L. 0000-0003-4861-9841 rmarella@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4861-9841","contributorId":2443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marella","given":"Richard","email":"rmarella@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berndt, Marian P.","contributorId":45296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"Marian P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71056,"text":"sir20055118 - 2005 - Streamflow and water-quality trends of the Rio Chama and Rio Grande, northern and central New Mexico, water years 1985 to 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"sir20055118","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5118","title":"Streamflow and water-quality trends of the Rio Chama and Rio Grande, northern and central New Mexico, water years 1985 to 2002","docAbstract":"The City of Albuquerque plans to divert San Juan-Chama Project water from the Rio Grande for potable water use. This report examines streamflow and water-quality trends in the Rio Chama and the Rio Grande for water years 1985 to 2002 following the implementation of reservoir storage agreements in northern and central New Mexico. Streamflow/water-quality stations used for this study include the Rio Grande stations of Taos, Otowi, San Felipe, and Albuquerque and the Rio Chama station of Chamita.\r\n\r\nWater years 1985 to 2002 were a period of larger than average precipitation and streamflow compared to the stations. historical averages. Annual precipitation and streamflow trended downward during the study period because of a drought during 1999 to 2002. Streamflow in the Rio Chama and Rio Grande was divided into three distinct seasonal periods that corresponded to natural and anthropogenic influences: fall/winter baseflow (November through February), snowmelt runoff (March through June), and the irrigation/monsoon (July through October) seasons.\r\n\r\nA calcium bicarbonate water type was evident at all study area stations on the Rio Chama and Rio Grande. Specific conductance increased downstream, but alkalinity and pH did not substantially change in the downstream direction. Nearly all nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations were less than 1 milligram per liter for all stations. Median trace-element concentrations and maximum radionuclide concentrations did not exceed drinking-water standards. Anthropogenic compounds were infrequently detected in the Rio Chama and Rio Grande, and concentrations did not exceed drinking-water standards.\r\n\r\nWater quality in the Rio Chama and Rio Grande varied spatially and temporally during water years 1985 to 2002. Specific conductance increased downstream in the Rio Grande during the fall/winter baseflow and snowmelt runoff seasons but was similar at the Taos, Otowi, and San Felipe stations during the irrigation/monsoon season. This similarity was a result of the release of stored water from Abiquiu Reservoir and Cochiti Lake, which masked the natural influences that increased specific conductance in the downstream direction during the other seasons. During all seasons, pH decreased and major ion concentrations remained stable at the Albuquerque station compared with the San Felipe station, but no single influence could be identified that caused these conditions. Manganese and uranium concentrations at the Otowi and San Felipe stations were largest during the fall/winter baseflow and smallest during the snowmelt runoff, indicating that ground-water inflows likely influenced these concentrations. \r\n\r\nWater-quality temporal trends were evaluated for selected constituents during the study period and during the individual seasons. Downward trends in major ion concentrations were similar in magnitude at the Taos and Otowi stations, indicating that an upstream influence and (or) the downward trend in annual precipitation was the main reason(s) for these trends. The stations most affected by reservoirs, Chamita and San Felipe, were the only stations at which downward trends in major ions were apparent for flow-adjusted concentrations but not for seasonally correlated low-adjusted concentrations, which indicates fewer seasonal differences at these stations due to reservoir operations.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055118","usgsCitation":"Langman, J.B., and Nolan, E.O., 2005, Streamflow and water-quality trends of the Rio Chama and Rio Grande, northern and central New Mexico, water years 1985 to 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5118, 36 p., 12 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055118.","productDescription":"36 p., 12 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6727,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langman, Jeff B.","contributorId":22036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langman","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolan, Emma O.","contributorId":101747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Emma","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}