Water resources data for the 2004 water year for Michigan consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report contains discharge records for 173 streamflow-gaging stations; stage only records for 2 stream-gaging stations and 26 lake-gaging stations; stage and contents for 1 reservoir; water-quality records for 48 streamflow-gaging stations; and water-level records for 48 ground-water wells. Also included are 30 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program. Miscellaneous data were collected at 117 discharge measuring sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies hi Michigan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMI041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Michigan and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Blumer, S.P., Behrendt, T., Whited, C., Ellis, J., Minnerick, R., and Leu Voy, R.L., 2005, Water resources data, Michigan, water year 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MI-04-1, xviii, 496 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMI041.","productDescription":"xviii, 496 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":22074,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/mi-04-1/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"34.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":185467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/mi-04-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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P.","contributorId":23938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behrendt, T.E.","contributorId":27887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whited, C.R.","contributorId":49387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whited","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellis, J.M.","contributorId":29502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Minnerick, R. J.","contributorId":52255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minnerick","given":"R. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leu Voy, R. L.","contributorId":102951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leu Voy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":71057,"text":"wri034125 - 2005 - Borehole-geophysical and hydraulic investigation of the fractured-rock aquifer near the University of Connecticut Landfill, Storrs, Connecticut, 2000 to 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T07:20:04","indexId":"wri034125","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4125","displayTitle":"Borehole-Geophysical and Hydraulic Investigation of the Fractured-Rock Aquifer near the University of Connecticut Landfill, Storrs, Connecticut, 2000 to 2001","title":"Borehole-geophysical and hydraulic investigation of the fractured-rock aquifer near the University of Connecticut Landfill, Storrs, Connecticut, 2000 to 2001","docAbstract":"An integrated borehole-geophysical and hydraulic investigation was conducted at the former landfill area near the University of Connecticut in Storrs, Connecticut, where solvents and landfill leachate have contaminated a fractured-bedrock aquifer. Borehole-geophysical techniques and hydraulic methods were used to characterize the site bedrock lithology and structure, fractures, and hydraulic properties. The geophysical and hydraulic methods included conventional logs, borehole imaging, borehole radar, flowmeter under ambient- and stressed hydraulic conditions, and discrete-zone hydraulic testing, sampling, and monitoring.
The conventional geophysical-logging methods included caliper, deviation, electromagnetic induction, gamma, specific conductance, and fluid temperature. The advanced methods included optical and acoustic imaging of the borehole wall, heat-pulse flowmeter, and directional radar reflection.
Borehole-geophysical methods were used to further define conductive features identified with surface-geophysical methods in the first phase of the investigation. The results of the surface- and borehole-geophysical logging were evaluated in an iterative and integrated manner to develop a conceptual model of ground-water flow at the site.
The rock type, foliation, and fractures at the site were characterized from high-resolution optical televiewer (OTV) images of rocks penetrated by the boreholes and were compared to drilling logs and conventional geophysical logs. The rocks are interpreted as fine- to mediumgrained quartz-feldspar-biotite-garnet gneiss and schist with local intrusions of quartz diorite and pegmatite and minor concentrations of sulfide mineralization similar to rocks described as the Bigelow Brook Formation on regional geologic maps. Layers containing high concentrations of sulfide minerals appear as high electrical conductivity zones on electromagnetic-induction and borehole-radar logs. Foliation in the rocks generally strikes to the southwest and northeast, and dips to the northwest and southeast consistent with previous investigations in this area. The orientation of foliation, however, varies locally and with depth in some of the boreholes. These results are consistent with geologic mapping that has identified small-scale folding.
The orientations of the transmissive fractures identified in the six boreholes logged for this investigation are similar to the fracture orientations mapped in a previous investigation. Many of these fractures are oriented with a north-northwest strike and have a shallow dip to the west. Other transmissive fractures have a southwest strike and dip at shallow angles to the northwest, and some strike roughly east-west and dip to the north and south.
Flowmeter logging was used to identify transmissive fractures and to estimate the hydraulic properties in the boreholes. Ambient down flow was measured in one borehole, and ambient up flow and down flow were measured in another borehole. The other four bedrock boreholes did not have measurable vertical flow. Under low-rate pumping conditions (0.25 to 0.5 gallons per minute), one to three inflow zones were identified in each well. Commonly, fractures that are active under ambient conditions contribute to the well under pumping conditions. The ambient conditions were incorporated into the determination of the relative proportions of transmissivity.
Specific capacity and transmissivity were determined for these open-hole low-rate pumping tests. Quasi-steady-state water levels were reached in four of the boreholes, including MW201R, MW204R, MW302R, and W202-NE. When pumped at low-rate conditions for 0.5 to 4 hours, the specific capacity ranged from 0.03 to 0.18 gallons per minute per foot. The open-hole transmissivity estimates ranged from 4.9 to 30 feet squared per day (ft2/d).
Open-hole transmissivity was determined for boreholes that did not reach quasi-steady-state conditions under low-rate pumping conditions. Transmissivity was estimated for MW201R, MW202R, and MW203R using non-equilibrium methods, pumping rate, and the transient drawdown data to estimate the open-hole transmissivity. Transmissivity in these boreholes ranged from 0.98 to 3.2 ft2/d.
The transmissivity and head of individual fractures or zones of fractures were estimated from heat-pulse flowmeter data acquired under ambient and stressed conditions. In the absence of ambient flow, data from two profiles of heat-pulse flowmeter data under two different stressed conditions were used to estimate the transmissivity and head of individual fracture zones. Only two boreholes, MW302R and W202-NE, had sufficient data for these analyses. The estimated transmissivity of individual transmissive zones ranged from 1.2 to 9.2 ft2/d. The transmissivity values determined by this numerical simulation method were less than the open-hole estimations, which were 15 and 30 ft2/d.
Transmissivity also was measured directly over discrete intervals of the borehole using a straddle-packer apparatus and constant-rate pumping tests. Pumping rates were less than or equal to 0.25 gallons per minute. These discretezone single-hole pumping tests were conducted over a short period of time, usually about 30 minutes to 1 hour in duration. Pumping continued until the test zone reached a steady-state water level or until it was determined that the zone could not yield water at the pumped rate. The estimated transmissivity of individual transmissive zones ranged from about 0.21 to 11 ft2/d. The zone at a depth of 197 feet in W202-NE was the only zone that had discrete-interval testing with a straddle packer and sufficient heat-pulse flowmeter data for modeling the flow and estimating transmissivity and head. The two methods produced similar results. The straddle-packer method estimated a transmissivity of 4.7 ft2/d, and the heat-pulse flowmeter modeling results estimated a transmissivity of 6.9 ft2/d.
A comparison of the transmissivity estimates indicate estimates typically are within an order of magnitude. The heat-pulse flowmeter methods used in this investigation to determine transmissivity of the boreholes and the individual fractures measure only the upper two or three orders of magnitude of transmissivity. Hence, other fractures in these boreholes permit the movement of water; their transmissivities, however, are lower than the detection limits of the methods that were used for this investigation and very small compared to the transmissive fractures that were studied.
The data collected in this investigation were used to design discrete-zone monitoring systems for four of the boreholes used for monitoring. The results of the investigation are useful for refining the conceptual site model of ground-water flow, and for providing critical information for interpreting the results of water-quality sampling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034125","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.D., Joesten, P.K., and Mondazzi, R.A., 2005, Borehole-geophysical and hydraulic investigation of the fractured-rock aquifer near the University of Connecticut Landfill, Storrs, Connecticut, 2000 to 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4125, vi, 133 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034125.","productDescription":"vi, 133 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":101514,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4125/report.pdf","size":"24559","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4125/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","city":"Storrs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.27075934410095,\n 41.807708943063126\n ],\n [\n -72.26415038108826,\n 41.807708943063126\n ],\n [\n -72.26415038108826,\n 41.811227582554736\n ],\n [\n -72.27075934410095,\n 41.811227582554736\n ],\n [\n -72.27075934410095,\n 41.807708943063126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6029c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mondazzi, Remo A.","contributorId":77898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mondazzi","given":"Remo","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72278,"text":"fs20053054 - 2005 - Negative effects of commercial mussel dragging on eelgrass beds in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-21T16:32:27.261445","indexId":"fs20053054","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-20T09:40:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3054","displayTitle":"Negative Effects of Commercial Mussel Dragging on Eelgrass Beds in Maine","title":"Negative effects of commercial mussel dragging on eelgrass beds in Maine","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051210","usgsCitation":"Katz, B.G., and Raabe, E.A., 2005, Suwannee River basin and estuary: An integrated watershed science program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1210, ii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051210.","productDescription":"ii, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368641,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/gulfsci.er.usgs.gov/suwannee/reports/KatzRaabeWP.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":6724,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gulfsci.usgs.gov/suwannee/reports/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.55126953124999,\n 29.065772888415406\n ],\n [\n -81.727294921875,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -81.76025390625,\n 30.798474179567823\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 31.400535326863935\n ],\n [\n -82.41943359375,\n 31.774877618507386\n ],\n [\n -82.97973632812499,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n -83.64990234375,\n 31.18460913574325\n ],\n [\n -83.38623046875,\n 30.760718908944472\n ],\n [\n -83.177490234375,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 29.23847708592805\n ],\n [\n -82.90283203125,\n 28.93124697186731\n ],\n [\n -82.694091796875,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -82.55126953124999,\n 29.065772888415406\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raabe, Ellen A. eraabe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raabe","given":"Ellen","email":"eraabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71044,"text":"sir20045125 - 2005 - Nutrient and sediment concentrations, loads, and trends for four nontidal tributaries in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, 1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:44","indexId":"sir20045125","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5125","title":"Nutrient and sediment concentrations, loads, and trends for four nontidal tributaries in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, 1997-2001","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045125","usgsCitation":"Senus, M.P., Langland, M.J., and Moyer, D., 2005, Nutrient and sediment concentrations, loads, and trends for four nontidal tributaries in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, 1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5125, vi, 33 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045125.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6721,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5125/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7eed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senus, Michael P.","contributorId":39820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langland, Michael J. 0000-0002-8350-8779 langland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-8779","contributorId":2347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langland","given":"Michael","email":"langland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moyer, Douglas 0000-0001-6330-478X dlmoyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-478X","contributorId":2670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Douglas","email":"dlmoyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":71048,"text":"ofr20051020 - 2005 - Comparison of potential evapotranspiration calculated by the LXPET (Lamoreux Potential Evapotranspiration) Program and by the WDMUtil (Watershed Data Management Utility) Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:44","indexId":"ofr20051020","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1020","title":"Comparison of potential evapotranspiration calculated by the LXPET (Lamoreux Potential Evapotranspiration) Program and by the WDMUtil (Watershed Data Management Utility) Program","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051020","usgsCitation":"Murphy, E.A., 2005, Comparison of potential evapotranspiration calculated by the LXPET (Lamoreux Potential Evapotranspiration) Program and by the WDMUtil (Watershed Data Management Utility) Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1020, vi, 20 p. : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051020.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":101511,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1020/report.pdf","size":"1727","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":6723,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=OFR&number=2005-1020","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth Anne","contributorId":68828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71052,"text":"ofr20051266 - 2005 - Rainfall, runoff, and water-quality data for the urban storm-water program in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, metropolitan area, water year 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:47","indexId":"ofr20051266","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1266","title":"Rainfall, runoff, and water-quality data for the urban storm-water program in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, metropolitan area, water year 2003","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051266","collaboration":"Contact","usgsCitation":"Kelly, T., Romero, O., and Jimenez, M., 2005, Rainfall, runoff, and water-quality data for the urban storm-water program in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, metropolitan area, water year 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1266, iv, 120 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051266.","productDescription":"iv, 120 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map ; 28 cm.","temporalStart":"2002-10-01","temporalEnd":"2003-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":101513,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1266/report.pdf","size":"12358","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":186646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1266/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649700","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Todd","contributorId":89168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Todd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romero, Orlando","contributorId":92335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romero","given":"Orlando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jimenez, Mike","contributorId":33785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jimenez","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":71039,"text":"sir20055134 - 2005 - Hydrogeology, water quality, and saltwater intrusion in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the offshore area near Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, and Tybee Island, Georgia, 1999-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T09:20:12","indexId":"sir20055134","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5134","title":"Hydrogeology, water quality, and saltwater intrusion in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the offshore area near Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, and Tybee Island, Georgia, 1999-2002","docAbstract":"To assess the hydrogeology, water quality, and the potential for saltwater intrusion in the offshore Upper Floridan aquifer, a scientific investigation was conducted near Tybee Island, Georgia, and Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. Four temporary wells were drilled at 7, 8, 10, and 15 miles to the northeast of Tybee Island, and one temporary well was drilled in Calibogue Sound west of Hilton Head Island.\r\n\r\nThe Upper Floridan aquifer at the offshore and Calibogue sites includes the unconsolidated calcareous quartz sand, calcareous quartz sandstone, and sandy limestone of the Oligocene Lazaretto Creek and Tiger Leap Formations, and the limestone of the late Eocene Ocala Limestone and middle Avon Park Formation. At the 7-, 10-, and 15-mile sites, the upper confining unit between the Upper Floridan and surficial aquifers correlates to the Miocene Marks Head Formation. Paleochannel incisions have completely removed the upper confining unit at the Calibogue site and all but a 0.8-foot-thick interval of the confining unit at the 8-mile site, raising concern about the potential for saltwater intrusion through the paleochannel-fill sediments at these two sites. The paleochannel incisions at the Calibogue and 8-mile sites are filled with fine- and coarse-grained sediments, respectively.\r\n\r\nThe hydrogeologic setting and the vertical hydraulic gradients at the 7- and 10-mile sites favored the absence of saltwater intrusion during predevelopment. After decades of onshore water use in Georgia and South Carolina, the 0-foot contour in the regional cone of depression of the Upper Floridan aquifer is estimated to have been at the general location of the 7- and 10-mile sites by the mid-1950s and at or past the 15-mile site by the 1980s. The upward vertical hydraulic gradient reversed, but the presence of more than 17 feet of upper confining unit impeded the downward movement of saltwater from the surficial aquifer to the Upper Floridan aquifer at the 7- and 10-mile sites.\r\n\r\nAt the 10-mile site, the chloride concentration in the Upper Floridan borehole-water sample and the pore-water samples from the Oligocene and Eocene strata support the conclusion of no noticeable modern saltwater intrusion in the Upper Floridan aquifer. The chloride concentration of 370 milligrams per liter in the borehole-water sample at the 7-mile site from the Upper Floridan aquifer at 78 to 135 feet below North American Vertical Datum of 1988 is considerably higher than the chloride concentration of 25 milligrams per liter measured at the 10-mile site. The higher concentration probably is the result of downward leakage of saltwater through the confining unit at the 7-mile site or could reflect downward leakage of saltwater through an even thinner layer of the upper confining unit beneath the paleochannel to the northeast and lateral movement (encroachment) from the paleochannel to the 7-mile site. Carbon-14 concentrations at both sites, however, are low and indicate that most of the water is relict fresh ground water.\r\n\r\nThe hydrogeology at the 15-mile site includes 17 feet of the upper confining unit. The chloride concentration in the Upper Floridan aquifer is 6,800 milligrams per liter. The setting for the Upper Floridan aquifer beneath the 15-mile site is interpreted as a transitional mixing zone between relict freshwater and relict saltwater.\r\n\r\nAt the Calibogue site, 35 feet of fine-grained paleochannel-fill sediments overlies the Oligocene strata of the Upper Floridan aquifer. The vertical hydraulic conductivity of the paleochannel fill at this site is similar to the upper confining unit and effectively replaces the missing upper confining unit. Chloride concentrations and low carbon-14 and tritium concentrations in borehole water from the Upper Floridan aquifer, and low chloride concentrations in pore water from the upper confining unit indicate relict freshwater confined in the Upper Floridan aquifer at the Calibogue site.\r\n\r\nThe coarse-grained paleochannel-f","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055134","usgsCitation":"Falls, W.F., Ransom, C., Landmeyer, J., Reuber, E.J., and Edwards, L.E., 2005, Hydrogeology, water quality, and saltwater intrusion in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the offshore area near Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, and Tybee Island, Georgia, 1999-2002 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5134, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055134.","productDescription":"57 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6686,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Hilton Head Island, Tybee Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.17523193359375,\n 31.945170627818577\n ],\n [\n -81.17523193359375,\n 32.72721987021932\n ],\n [\n -80.145263671875,\n 32.72721987021932\n ],\n [\n -80.145263671875,\n 31.945170627818577\n ],\n [\n -81.17523193359375,\n 31.945170627818577\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6148c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":107754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ransom, Camille","contributorId":65560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Camille","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reuber, Eric J.","contributorId":37732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuber","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":71040,"text":"ofr20041425 - 2005 - Lithology, hydraulic properties, and water quality of the Sandstone Aquifer in the northwestern part of the Bad River Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 1998-1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:53:30","indexId":"ofr20041425","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1425","title":"Lithology, hydraulic properties, and water quality of the Sandstone Aquifer in the northwestern part of the Bad River Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 1998-1999","docAbstract":"The Precambrian sandstone aquifer in the northwestern part of the Bad River Band of Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians Reservation, Ashland County, Wisconsin, provides much of the drinking water to area residents. A study was undertaken in cooperation with the Bad River Tribe to provide specific information about the lithology, hydraulic properties, and water quality of the sandstone aquifer. During 1998 and 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey installed three monitoring wells, collected and analyzed lithologic and water samples, and conducted geophysical logging and aquifer tests to characterize the sandstone aquifer. The two monitoring wells in the southeastern part of the study area, the Diaperville Monitoring Well #1 (Diaperville MW #1) and the Tolman Monitoring Well #1 (Tolman MW #1) , are believed to have encountered older Middle Proterozoic Oronto Group sandstones. The sandstone encountered in the Ackley Monitoring Well #1 (Ackley MW #1) is believed to be Chequamegon Sandstone of the Late Proterozoic Bayfield Group. This interpretation is based on previous studies, as well as thin- section analysis of sandstone core recovered from the Ackley Monitoring Well #1. Results of aquifer tests conducted in the Diaperville Monitoring Well #1 and the Tolman Monitoring Well #1 provide ranges for hydraulic param - eter values in the sandstone aquifer: transmissivity ranges from 83 to 509 square feet per day; hydraulic conductivity ranges from 1.6 to 4.5 feet per day; storativity ranges from 0.00019 to 0.00046; and specific capacity ranges from 0.22 to 0.67 gallons per minute per foot. Though high- and low-angle fractures are present in Ackley Monitoring Well #1 core, the hydraulic properties of the bedrock appear to be due largely to the matrix porosity measured in thin section (16–21 percent) and permeability of the sandstone. The aquifer test for the Diaperville Monitoring Well #1 resulted in observed drawdown in nearby glacial wells, evidence of a hydraulic connection between the sandstone aquifer and the glacial deposits. Major ion analyses indicate that the water sampled from the sandstone aquifer at the Ackley site is of the calcium-magnesium-sodium- bicarbonate type. Based on a single sampling set, volatile organic constituents were not detected in water samples from the Diaperville Monitoring Well #1 or the Ackley Monitoring Well #1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041425","usgsCitation":"Dunning, C., 2005, Lithology, hydraulic properties, and water quality of the Sandstone Aquifer in the northwestern part of the Bad River Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 1998-1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1425, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041425.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6688,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1425/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192940,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":309886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1425/pdf/OFR_2004-1425.pdf"}],"country":"United 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Charles P. cdunning@usgs.gov","contributorId":892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"Charles P.","email":"cdunning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71038,"text":"sir20045287 - 2005 - Rainfall-Runoff and Water-Balance Models for Management of the Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20045287","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5287","title":"Rainfall-Runoff and Water-Balance Models for Management of the Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and a generalized water-balance model were calibrated and verified for use in estimating future availability of water in the Fena Valley Reservoir in response to various combinations of water withdrawal rates and rainfall conditions. Application of PRMS provides a physically based method for estimating runoff from the Fena Valley Watershed during the annual dry season, which extends from January through May. Runoff estimates from the PRMS are used as input to the water-balance model to estimate change in water levels and storage in the reservoir.\r\n\r\nA previously published model was calibrated for the Maulap and Imong River watersheds using rainfall data collected outside of the watershed. That model was applied to the Almagosa River watershed by transferring calibrated parameters and coefficients because information on daily diversions at the Almagosa Springs upstream of the gaging station was not available at the time. Runoff from the ungaged land area was not modeled. For this study, the availability of Almagosa Springs diversion data allowed the calibration of PRMS for the Almagosa River watershed. Rainfall data collected at the Almagosa rain gage since 1992 also provided better estimates of rainfall distribution in the watershed. In addition, the discontinuation of pan-evaporation data collection in 1998 required a change in the evapotranspiration estimation method used in the PRMS model. These reasons prompted the update of the PRMS for the Fena Valley Watershed.\r\n\r\nSimulated runoff volume from the PRMS compared reasonably with measured values for gaging stations on Maulap, Almagosa, and Imong Rivers, tributaries to the Fena Valley Reservoir. On the basis of monthly runoff simulation for the dry seasons included in the entire simulation period (1992-2001), the total volume of runoff can be predicted within -3.66 percent at Maulap River, within 5.37 percent at Almagosa River, and within 10.74 percent at Imong River. Month-end reservoir volumes simulated by the reservoir water-balance model for both calibration and verification periods compared closely with measured reservoir volumes. Errors for the calibration periods ranged from 4.51 percent [208.7 acre-feet (acre-ft) or 68.0 million gallons (Mgal)] to -5.90 percent (-317.8 acre-ft or -103.6 Mgal). For the verification periods, errors ranged from 1.69 percent (103.5 acre-ft or 33.7 Mgal) to -4.60 percent (-178.7 acre-ft or -58.2 Mgal). Monthly simulation bias ranged from -0.19 percent for the calibration period to -0.98 percent for the verification period; relative error ranged from -0.37 to -1.12 percent, respectively. Relatively small bias indicated that the model did not consistently overestimate or underestimate reservoir volume.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20045287","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Navy","usgsCitation":"Yeung, C.W., 2005, Rainfall-Runoff and Water-Balance Models for Management of the Fena Valley Reservoir, Guam: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5287, viii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045287.","productDescription":"viii, 53 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6687,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5287/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649609","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeung, Chiu W. cwyeung@usgs.gov","contributorId":2967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeung","given":"Chiu","email":"cwyeung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71042,"text":"sir20055139 - 2005 - Simulated effects of water-level changes in the Mississippi River and Pokegama Reservoir on ground-water levels, Grand Rapids area, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T09:23:00","indexId":"sir20055139","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5139","title":"Simulated effects of water-level changes in the Mississippi River and Pokegama Reservoir on ground-water levels, Grand Rapids area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, used an existing, three-dimensional, numerical ground-water flow model (referred to as the calibrated model) to assess the effects of water-level changes in the Mississippi River and Pokegama Reservoir on ground-water levels in adjacent glaciofluvial aquifers in the Grand Rapids area of north-central Minnesota. Pokegama Reservoir consists of Pokegama Lake, Little Jay Gould Lake, Jay Gould Lake, Cut-off Lake, and Blackwater Lake. Water levels in the Pokegama Reservoir are regulated at Pokegama Dam on the Mississippi River west of Grand Rapids. A steady-state model was used, and simulations represent “worse-case” scenarios for the effects of lowering or raising the river and lake water levels. The simulated ground-water levels represent levels that would result if the river and lake stages permanently declined or rose by the specified amounts. Eight hypothetical scenarios were simulated by varying water levels in the Mississippi River and Pokegama Reservoir from values used in the calibrated model. In the simulations, water levels for the Mississippi River, riverine wetlands of the Mississippi River, and lakes of the Pokegama Reservoir were raised and lowered uniformly by 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, and 3.00 feet from calibrated water levels.
\nThe extent of aquifer water-level changes resulting from these river, wetland, and lake water-level changes varied because of the complex hydrogeology of the study area. A 1.00-foot decline in reservoir/river water levels caused a maximum simulated ground-water-level decline in the middle aquifer near Jay Gould and Little Jay Gould Lakes of 1.09 feet and a maximum simulated ground-water-level decline of 1.00 foot in the lower aquifer near Cut-off and Blackwater Lakes. The amount and extent of ground-water-level changes in the middle and lower aquifers can be explained by the thickness, extent, and connectivity of the aquifers. Surface-water/ground-water interactions near wetlands and lakes with water levels unchanged from the calibrated model resulted in small water-table altitude differences among the simulations. Results of the ground-water modeling indicate that lowering of the reservoir and river water levels by 1.00 foot likely will not substantially affect water levels in the middle and lower aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.M., 2005, Simulated effects of water-level changes in the Mississippi River and Pokegama Reservoir on ground-water levels, Grand Rapids area, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5139, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055139.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055139.JPG"},{"id":6720,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5069","title":"Interpretation of geophysical logs, aquifer tests, and water levels in wells in and near the North Penn Area 7 Superfund site, Upper Gwynedd Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 2000-02","docAbstract":"Ground water in the vicinity of various industrial facilities in Upper Gwynedd Township and Lansdale Borough, Montgomery County, Pa., is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The 2-square-mile area was placed on the National Priorities List as the North Penn Area 7 Superfund site by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 1989. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted geophysical logging, aquifer testing, water-level monitoring, and streamflow measurements in the vicinity of North Penn Area 7 beginning autumn 2000 to assist the USEPA in developing an understanding of the hydrogeologic framework in the area as part of the USEPA Remedial Investigation.\r\n\r\nThe study area is underlain by Triassic and Jurassic-age sandstones, siltstones, and shales of the Lockatong Formation and the Brunswick Group. Regionally, these rocks strike northeast and dip to the northwest. The sequence of rocks form a fractured-sedimentary-rock aquifer that acts as a set of confined to partially confined layered aquifers of differing permeabilities. The aquifers are recharged by precipitation and discharge to streams and wells. The Wissahickon Creek headwaters are less than 1 mile northeast of the study area, and this stream flows southwest to bisect North Penn Area 7. Ground water is pumped in the vicinity of North Penn Area 7 for industrial use and public supply.\r\n\r\nThe USGS collected geophysical logs for 16 wells that ranged in depth from 50 to 623 feet. Aquifer-interval-isolation testing was done in 9 of the 16 wells, for a total of 30 zones tested. A multiple-well aquifer test was conducted by monitoring the response of 14 wells to pumping a 600-ft deep production well in February and March 2002. In addition, water levels were monitored continuously in three wells in the area and streamflow was measured quarterly at two sites on Wissahickon Creek from December 2000 through September 2002. \r\n\r\nGeophysical logging identified water-bearing zones associated with high-angle fractures and bedding-plane openings throughout the depth of the boreholes. Heatpulse-flowmeter measurements under nonpumping, ambient conditions indicated that borehole flow, where detected, was in the upward direction in three of the eight wells and in the downward direction in three wells. In two wells, both upward and downward flow were measured. Heatpulse-flowmeter measurements under pumping conditions were used to identify the most productive intervals in wells. Correlation of natural-gamma-ray and single-point-resistance logs indicated that bedding in the area probably strikes about 40 degrees northeast and dips from 6 to 7 degrees northwest.\r\n\r\nAquifer intervals isolated by inflatable packers in wells were pumped to test productivity and to collect samples to determine chemical quality of water produced from the interval. Interval-isolation testing confirmed the presence of vertical hydraulic gradients indicated by heatpulse-flowmeter measurements. The specific capacities of isolated intervals ranged over two orders of magnitude, from 0.02 to more than 3.6 gallons per minute per foot. Intervals adjacent to isolated pumped intervals showed little response to pumping the isolated zone. The presence of vertical hydraulic gradients and lack of adjacent-interval response to pumping in isolated intervals indicate a limited degree of vertical hydraulic connection between the aquifer intervals tested. Concentrations of most VOC contaminants generally were highest in well-water samples from the shallowest isolated intervals, with some exceptions. Trichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, and toluene were the most frequently detected VOCs, with maximum concentrations of greater than 340, 680, and greater than 590 micrograms per liter, respectively.\r\n\r\nResults of the aquifer test with multiple observation wells showed that water levels in 4 of the 14 wells declined in response to pumping. The four wells that responded to pumping are either along str","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055069","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., Cinotto, P.J., Conger, R.W., Bird, P.H., and Pracht, K.A., 2005, Interpretation of geophysical logs, aquifer tests, and water levels in wells in and near the North Penn Area 7 Superfund site, Upper Gwynedd Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 2000-02 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5069, 144 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055069.","productDescription":"144 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6682,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5069/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -40.38333333333333,75.41666666666667 ], [ -40.38333333333333,75.5 ], [ -40.333333333333336,75.5 ], [ -40.333333333333336,75.41666666666667 ], [ -40.38333333333333,75.41666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0351","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cinotto, Peter J. pcinotto@usgs.gov","contributorId":451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cinotto","given":"Peter","email":"pcinotto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conger, Randall W. rwconger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"Randall","email":"rwconger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bird, Philip H. 0000-0003-2088-8644 phbird@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-8644","contributorId":2085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Philip","email":"phbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pracht, Karl A.","contributorId":102966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pracht","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":71032,"text":"sir20055162 - 2005 - Streamflow statistics for the Paradise and Pocono Creek watersheds and selected streamflow-gaging stations in Monroe County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T12:13:55","indexId":"sir20055162","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5162","title":"Streamflow statistics for the Paradise and Pocono Creek watersheds and selected streamflow-gaging stations in Monroe County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":" suite of 36 observed streamflow statistics, ranging from high to low flows, were computed for 7 continuous-record and predicted for 12 partial-record streamflow-gaging stations in Monroe County, Pa. The predicted statistics for the partial-record stations were determined from regression analyses of intermittent streamflow measurements made at the partial-record stations and concurrent daily mean flows at index continuous-record stations. The prediction methodology has been previously used only for estimating low-flow statistics. Results from this study indicate the methodology may have applicability for predicting high- and intermediate-flow statistics as well. Three sets of base-flow measurements were made at 40 sites in the Paradise and Pocono Creek watersheds to determine subbasin yields and stream reaches gaining or losing flow. Subbasin yields, the base-flow measurements normalized to respective drainage areas, were consistent for each measurement period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055162","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R., and Cavallo, G.J., 2005, Streamflow statistics for the Paradise and Pocono Creek watersheds and selected streamflow-gaging stations in Monroe County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5162, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055162.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6684,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Ronald E.","contributorId":27958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ronald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cavallo, Gregory J.","contributorId":65182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavallo","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71033,"text":"sir20055133 - 2005 - Seepage investigation on selected reaches of Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"sir20055133","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5133","title":"Seepage investigation on selected reaches of Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2004","docAbstract":"A seepage investigation was conducted on Fish Creek, a tributary to the Snake River in Teton County in western Wyoming, near Wilson. Mainstem, return flow, tributary, spring, and diversion sites were selected and measured on six reaches along Fish Creek. Flow was measured under two flow regimes, high flow in August 2004 and base flow in November 2004.\r\n\r\nDuring August 17-19, 2004, 20 sites had quantifiable discharge with median values ranging from 0.93 to 384 ft3/s for the 14 mainstem sites on Fish Creek, and from 0.35 to 12.2 ft3/s for the 5 return, spring, and tributary sites (inflows). The discharge was 2.23 ft3/s for the single diversion site (outflow). Estimated gains or losses from ground water were calculated for all reaches using the median discharge values and the estimated measurement errors. Reach 1 had a calculated gain in discharge from ground water (23.8 ?3.3 ft3/s). Reaches 2-6 had no calculated gains in flow, greater than the estimated error, that could be attributed to ground water.\r\n\r\nA second set of measurements were made under base-flow conditions during November 3-4, 2004. Twelve of the 20 sites visited in August 2004 were flowing and were measured. All of the Reach 1 sites near Teton Village were dry. Median discharge values ranged from 10.3 to 70.0 ft3/s on the nine Fish Creek mainstem sites, and from 2.32 to 3.71 ft3/s on the three return, spring, and tributary sites (inflows). Reaches 2, 3 and 6 had a gain from ground water. Reaches 4 and 5 had no calculated gains in flow, greater than the estimated error, that could be attributed to ground water.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055133","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, J.D., and Eddy-Miller, C., 2005, Seepage investigation on selected reaches of Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5133, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055133.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6685,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20055133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f72de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, Jerrod D. 0000-0002-0533-8700 jwheele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-8700","contributorId":1893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Jerrod","email":"jwheele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71022,"text":"fs20053059 - 2005 - Health-Based Screening Levels and their Application to Water-Quality Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:05","indexId":"fs20053059","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3059","title":"Health-Based Screening Levels and their Application to Water-Quality Data","docAbstract":"To supplement existing Federal drinking-water standards and guidelines, thereby providing a basis for a more comprehensive evaluation of contaminant-occurrence data in a human-health context, USGS began a collaborative project in 1998 with USEPA, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, and the Oregon Health & Science University to calculate non-enforceable health-based screening levels. Screening levels were calculated for contaminants that do not have Maximum Contaminant Level values using a consensus approach that entailed (1) standard USEPA Office of Water methodologies (equations) for establishing Lifetime Health Advisory (LHA) and Risk-Specific Dose (RSD) values for the protection of human health, and (2) existing USEPA human-health toxicity information.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20053059","usgsCitation":"Toccalino, P., Zogorski, J.S., and Norman, J.E., 2005, Health-Based Screening Levels and their Application to Water-Quality Data: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3059, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053059.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3059.jpg"},{"id":11744,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3059/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6340bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toccalino, Patricia L. 0000-0003-1066-1702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-1702","contributorId":41089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toccalino","given":"Patricia L.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norman, Julia E. 0000-0002-2820-6225 jnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2820-6225","contributorId":3832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Julia","email":"jnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":71021,"text":"fs20053009S - 2005 - Evaluacion de los Recursos Potenciales de Petroleo y Gas en la Cuenca Norte de Cuba, Cuba, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T13:17:38.908187","indexId":"fs20053009S","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3009","title":"Evaluacion de los Recursos Potenciales de Petroleo y Gas en la Cuenca Norte de Cuba, Cuba, 2004","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"Spanish","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20053009S","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Evaluacion de los Recursos Potenciales de Petroleo y Gas en la Cuenca Norte de Cuba, Cuba, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3009, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053009S.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3009.jpg"},{"id":6677,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3009/508FS05-3009.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402250,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70491.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Cuba","otherGeospatial":"North Cuba Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.24267578125,\n 21.43261686447735\n ],\n [\n -79.70581054687499,\n 21.43261686447735\n ],\n [\n -79.70581054687499,\n 24.026396666017327\n ],\n [\n -86.24267578125,\n 24.026396666017327\n ],\n [\n -86.24267578125,\n 21.43261686447735\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71013,"text":"sir20055115 - 2005 - Method of analysis at the U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center, Sacramento Laboratory - determination of haloacetic acid formation potential, method validation, and quality-control practices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"sir20055115","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5115","title":"Method of analysis at the U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center, Sacramento Laboratory - determination of haloacetic acid formation potential, method validation, and quality-control practices","docAbstract":"An analytical method for the determination of haloacetic acid formation potential of water samples has been developed by the U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center Sacramento Laboratory. The haloacetic acid formation potential is measured by dosing water samples with chlorine under specified conditions of pH, temperature, incubation time, darkness, and residual-free chlorine. The haloacetic acids formed are bromochloroacetic acid, bromodichloroacetic acid, dibromochloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, tribromoacetic acid, and trichloroacetic acid. They are extracted, methylated, and then analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. Method validation experiments were performed to determine the method accuracy, precision, and detection limit for each of the compounds. Method detection limits for these nine haloacetic acids ranged from 0.11 to 0.45 microgram per liter. Quality-control practices include the use of blanks, quality-control samples, calibration verification standards, surrogate recovery, internal standard, matrix spikes, and duplicates.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055115","usgsCitation":"Zazzi, B.C., Crepeau, K.L., Fram, M.S., and Bergamaschi, B., 2005, Method of analysis at the U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center, Sacramento Laboratory - determination of haloacetic acid formation potential, method validation, and quality-control practices (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5115, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055115.","productDescription":"28 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6672,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629f2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zazzi, Barbara C.","contributorId":73689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zazzi","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crepeau, Kathryn L. kcrepeau@usgs.gov","contributorId":3943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crepeau","given":"Kathryn","email":"kcrepeau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":71014,"text":"sir20055164 - 2005 - Seepage study of McLeod Creek and East Canyon Creek near Park City, Summit County, Utah, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T13:55:59","indexId":"sir20055164","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5164","title":"Seepage study of McLeod Creek and East Canyon Creek near Park City, Summit County, Utah, 2004","docAbstract":"Seepage investigations on McLeod Creek downstream of U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station McLeod Creek near Park City, Utah, and its confluence with Kimball Creek during the summer of 2004 indicate that this section of the creek is a gaining reach. The total seepage gains ranged from 1.8 to 2.7 cubic feet per second, or a 32 to 55 percent gain. The apparent average total seepage gain was 2.2 cubic feet per second, or an average 42 percent gain. Seepage investigations from the U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station at East Canyon Creek below I-80 Rest Stop near Park City, Utah, to the station at East Canyon Creek near Jeremy Ranch, Utah, indicate that this section of East Canyon Creek is a slightly losing reach. The total seepage losses ranged from -1.2 to -2.0 cubic feet per second. This is a loss of between -18 and -27 percent from discharge measured at the upstream gaging station. The apparent average total seepage loss for the reach was -1.0 cubic feet per second, or -18 percent. Seepage information also was obtained along East Canyon Creek by using water-temperature data recorded in three shallow streambed piezometers. Surface-water temperature also was recorded at these locations. These water-temperature profiles indicate a seepage loss at all three locations along East Canyon Creek. This seepage loss appears to decrease in September and October.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055164","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Snyderville Basin Water Reclamation District","usgsCitation":"Wilkowske, C., 2005, Seepage study of McLeod Creek and East Canyon Creek near Park City, Summit County, Utah, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5164, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055164.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6673,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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C.D.","contributorId":63050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkowske","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70998,"text":"ofr20041326 - 2005 - Atrazine concentrations in stream water and streambed sediment pore water in the St. Joseph and Galien River basins, Michigan and Indiana, May 2001-September 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-22T15:09:46","indexId":"ofr20041326","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1326","title":"Atrazine concentrations in stream water and streambed sediment pore water in the St. Joseph and Galien River basins, Michigan and Indiana, May 2001-September 2003","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) sampled multiple stream sites across the St. Joseph and Galien River Basins to detect and quantify the herbicide atrazine using a field enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) triazine test. In May 2001, July 2001, April 2002, August 2002, August 2003 and September 2003, composite samples were collected across streams at USGS streamflow-gaging stations. Concentrations and instantaneous loading for atrazine sampled in stream water throughout the St. Joseph River and Galien River Basins in Michigan and Indiana ranged from nondetection (< 0.05 part per billion (ppb)) with an associated load less than 0.001 kilogram per day (kg/d) to 6 ppb and a maximum load of 10 kg/d. Atrazine concentrations were highest in May 2001 just after the planting season. The lowest concentration was found in April 2002 just before planting. Atrazine concentrations in streambed-sediment pore water were not spatially connected with atrazine concentrations in stream-water samples. This study showed that atrazine concentrations were elevated from May to July in the St. Joseph and Galien River Basins. At many sites, concentrations exceeded the level that has been shown to feminize frog populations (0.2 ppb). There were 8 sites where concentrations exceeded 0.2 ppb atrazine in May 2001 and July 2001.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041326","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Duris, J.W., Reeves, H.W., and Kiesler, J.L., 2005, Atrazine concentrations in stream water and streambed sediment pore water in the St. Joseph and Galien River basins, Michigan and Indiana, May 2001-September 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1326, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041326.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041326.JPG"},{"id":6646,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1326/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.75,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -86.75,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -84.5,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -84.5,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -86.75,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6692e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":1981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeves, Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiesler, James L. jkiesler@usgs.gov","contributorId":4470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesler","given":"James","email":"jkiesler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70995,"text":"sir20055124 - 2005 - Hydrogeology, water quality, and water-supply potential of the Lower Floridan Aquifer, coastal Georgia, 1999-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T09:17:52","indexId":"sir20055124","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5124","title":"Hydrogeology, water quality, and water-supply potential of the Lower Floridan Aquifer, coastal Georgia, 1999-2002","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology and water quality of the upper permeable and Fernandina permeable zones of the Lower Floridan aquifer were studied at seven sites in the 24-county study area encompassed by the Georgia Coastal Sound Science Initiative. Although substantially less than the Upper Floridan aquifer in coastal Georgia, transmissivities for the Lower Floridan aquifer are in the same range as other water-supply aquifers in Georgia and South Carolina and could meet the needs of public drinking-water supply. Water of the upper permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer exceeds the Federal secondary drinking-water standards for sulfate and total dissolved solids at most coastal Georgia sites and the Federal secondary drinking-water standard for chloride at the Shellman Bluff site.\r\n\r\nThe top of the Lower Floridan aquifer correlates within 50 feet of the previously reported top, except at the St Simons Island site where the top is more than 80 feet higher. Based on the hydrogeologic characteristics, the seven sites are divided into the northern sites at Shellman Bluff, Richmond Hill, Pembroke, and Pineora; and southern sites at St Marys, Brunswick, and St Simons Island. At the northern sites, the Lower Floridan aquifer does not include the Fernandina permeable zone, is thinner than the overlying Upper Floridan aquifer, and consists of only strata of the middle Eocene Avon Park Formation. Transmissivities in the Lower Floridan aquifer are 8,300 feet squared per day at Richmond Hill and 6,000 feet squared per day at Shellman Bluff, generally one tenth the transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer at these sites. At the southern sites, the upper permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer is thicker than the Upper Floridan aquifer and consists of porous limestone and dolomite interbedded with nonporous strata of the middle Eocene Avon Park and early Eocene Oldsmar Formations. Transmissivities for the upper permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer are 500 feet squared per day at the St Simons Island site and 13,000 feet squared per day at the St Marys site. The Lower Floridan aquifer at the Brunswick and St Marys sites includes the Fernandina permeable zone, which consists of saltwater-bearing dolomite.\r\n\r\nHydrographs of Coastal Sound Science Initiative wells and other nearby wells open to the Upper Floridan aquifer, and the upper permeable and Fernandina permeable zones of the Lower Floridan aquifer have similar trends. Water levels in wells open to the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers are below land surface at the northern sites and the St Simons Island site, and above land surface at the Brunswick and St Marys sites, as of January 1, 2004.\r\n\r\nFreshwater is present in the Lower Floridan aquifer at Pineora, Pembroke, and St Marys, and from 1,259 to 1,648 feet below land surface at Brunswick. Slightly saline water is present in the Lower Floridan aquifer at Richmond Hill, Shellman Bluff, St Simons Island, and from 1,679 to 1,970 feet below land surface in well 34H495 at Brunswick. The upper permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer contains bicarbonate water at the Pembroke site, sulfate-bicarbonate water at the Brunswick site, and sulfate water at the St Simons Island, Shellman Bluff, St Marys, and Richmond Hill sites. The bicarbonate, sulfate-bicarbonate, and sulfate waters are saturated relative to calcite and dolomite, and undersaturated with gypsum and anhydrite.\r\n\r\nThe Fernandina permeable zone in well 34H495 includes moderately saline water, very saline water, and brine. The Fernandina permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer beneath downtown Brunswick contains chloride water that is slightly undersaturated to saturated with gypsum and anhydrite. Concentrations of total dissolved solids, sulfate, and chloride exceeded the Federal secondary drinking-water standards. The chloride-contaminated plumes beneath downtown Brunswick would require at least a 12- to 20-percent contribution of very saline water from the Fernandi","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055124","usgsCitation":"Falls, W.F., Harrelson, L.G., Conlon, K.J., and Petkewich, M.D., 2005, Hydrogeology, water quality, and water-supply potential of the Lower Floridan Aquifer, coastal Georgia, 1999-2002 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5124, 98 p.; 1 plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055124.","productDescription":"98 p.; 1 plate","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6645,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Lower Floridan Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 29.67850809103362\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 33.678639851675555\n ],\n [\n -80.101318359375,\n 33.678639851675555\n ],\n [\n -80.101318359375,\n 29.67850809103362\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 29.67850809103362\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6147ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":107754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrelson, Larry G.","contributorId":70059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrelson","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conlon, Kevin J. 0000-0003-0798-368X kjconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-368X","contributorId":2561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Kevin","email":"kjconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70259484,"text":"70259484 - 2005 - Recent drought tendencies in Ethiopia and equatorial-subtropical eastern Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-09T16:58:46.359151","indexId":"70259484","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-05T11:05:08","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Recent drought tendencies in Ethiopia and equatorial-subtropical eastern Africa","docAbstract":"This report presents an analysis of Ethiopian rainfall from 1960 through 2004, based on 186 gauges in Ethiopia and 373 gauges from surrounding countriesi. Substantial post1997 declines in March-September rainfall have been observed in the northeast, southeast and southwestern portions of the country, a result corroborated by several independent data sourcesii. The observed rainfall reductions have been accompanied by an increase in millions needing food aid (Figure 1). The greatest percent decrease has occurred during the Belg (March-May) season, though Kiremt (June-September) rains have also diminished in many areas. This recent dryness may be linked to a warming tendency in the southern Indian Oceaniii, and is likely to impact densely populated and/or water-insecure regions of southern and eastern Ethiopia. These areas face declines in rainfall and increasing demands on land, water and agriculture. Recent dryness, dropping coffee prices, rising population and land degradation combine to create mounting destitution that must be countered with innovative planning and policiesiv. This report is organized as follows. Section 1 provides context for our results by summarizing recent trends in food aid, precipitation and the regional climate. Section 2 quantifies the water availability situation by analyzing potentially available runoff. Section 3 describes the results of our historical rainfall analysis. Section 4 relates the observed rainfall variations to circulation and sea surface temperature patterns in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Section 5 briefly summarizes our results.
","language":"English","publisher":"USAID","usgsCitation":"Funk, C., Senay, G., Asfaw, A., Verdin, J., Rowland, J., Korecha, D., Eilerts, G., Michaelsen, J., Amer, S., and Choularton, R., 2005, Recent drought tendencies in Ethiopia and equatorial-subtropical eastern Africa, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADH997.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ethiopia","otherGeospatial":"Equatorial-subtropical Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 22.112472524042943,\n 21.654772938804683\n ],\n [\n 22.02134670189892,\n -21.604079303060374\n ],\n [\n 36.67858003845541,\n -23.025718715264382\n ],\n [\n 52.702144088498756,\n -23.352854066043264\n ],\n [\n 50.48130886237331,\n -7.185306654434008\n ],\n [\n 49.16500704170396,\n 3.6266240123125293\n ],\n [\n 52.038930178050066,\n 12.519109947654002\n ],\n [\n 43.685751135020304,\n 11.989027471650338\n ],\n [\n 36.52548609424606,\n 22.343695928883136\n ],\n [\n 22.112472524042943,\n 21.654772938804683\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asfaw, Alemu","contributorId":344302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asfaw","given":"Alemu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verdin, James 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":145830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowland, Jim 0000-0003-4837-3511","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":22891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Korecha, Diriba","contributorId":195983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Korecha","given":"Diriba","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eilerts, Gary","contributorId":31101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eilerts","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Michaelsen, Joel","contributorId":149202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michaelsen","given":"Joel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Amer, Saud A. samer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amer","given":"Saud A.","email":"samer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Choularton, Richard","contributorId":345060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choularton","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70987,"text":"sir20055159 - 2005 - Hydrogeologic framework and water quality of the Vermont Army National Guard Ethan Allen Firing Range, northern Vermont, October 2002 through December 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"sir20055159","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5159","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and water quality of the Vermont Army National Guard Ethan Allen Firing Range, northern Vermont, October 2002 through December 2003","docAbstract":"The Ethan Allen Firing Range of the Vermont Army National Guard is a weapons-testing and training facility in a mountainous region of Vermont that has been in operation for about 80 years. The hydrologic framework and water quality of the facility were assessed between October 2002 and December 2003. As part of the study, streamflow was continuously measured in the Lee River and 24 observation wells were installed at 19 locations in the stratified drift and bedrock aquifers to examine the hydrogeology. Chemical analyses of surface water, ground water, streambed sediment, and fish tissue were collected to assess major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and volatile and semivolatile compounds. Sampling included 5 surface-water sites sampled during moderate and low-flow conditions; streambed-sediment samples collected at the 5 surface-water sites; fish-tissue samples collected at 3 of the 5 surface-water sites; macroinvertebrates collected at 4 of the 5 surface-water sites; and ground-water samples collected from 10 observation wells, and samples collected at all surface- and ground-water sites. \r\n\r\nThe hydrogeologic framework at the Ethan Allen Firing Range is dominated by the upland mountain and valley setting of the site. Bedrock wells yield low to moderate amounts of water \r\n(0 to 23 liters per minute). In the narrow river valleys, layered stratified-drift deposits of sand and gravel of up to 18 meters thick fill the Lee River and Mill Brook Valleys. In these deposits, the water table is generally within 3 meters below the land surface and overall ground-water flow is from east to west.\r\n\r\nStreamflow in the Lee River averaged 0.72 cubic meters per second (25.4 cubic feet per second) between December 2002 and December 2003. Streams are highly responsive to precipitation events in this mountainous environment and a comparison with other nearby watersheds shows that Lee River maintains relatively high streamflow during dry periods. \r\n\r\nConcentrations of trace elements and nutrients in surface-water samples are well below freshwater-quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Brook-trout samples collected in 1992 and 2003 show trace-metal concentrations have decreased over the past 11 years. concentrations in water samples are well below levels that restrict swimming at all five stream sites at moderate and low-flow conditions and in all observation wells. Comparisons among surface-water, streambed-sediment, and biological samples collected in 2003 to earlier studies at the Ethan Allen Firing Range indicate water-quality conditions are similar or have improved over the past 15 years. \r\n\r\nGround water in the stratified-drift aquifers at the facility is well buffered with relatively high alkalinities and pH greater than 6. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, uranium, and zinc were below detection levels in ground-water samples. Barium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and strontium were the only trace elements detected in ground-water samples. Cobalt and iron were detected at low levels in two wells near Mill Brook, and copper was detected at the detection limit in one of these wells. These same two wells had concentrations of barium and manganese 2 to 10 times greater than other ground-water samples. Concentrations of nutrients are at or below detection levels in most ground-water samples. Volatile organic compounds and semivolatile organic compounds were not detected in any water samples from the Ethan Allen Firing Range.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055159","usgsCitation":"Clark, S.F., Chalmers, A., Mack, T.J., and Denner, J., 2005, Hydrogeologic framework and water quality of the Vermont Army National Guard Ethan Allen Firing Range, northern Vermont, October 2002 through December 2003 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5159, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055159.","productDescription":"58 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6641,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6287e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Stewart F. 0000-0001-8841-2728 sclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8841-2728","contributorId":3658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Stewart","email":"sclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalmers, Ann","contributorId":23604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918 tjmack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":1677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas","email":"tjmack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denner, Jon C.","contributorId":58591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denner","given":"Jon C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70986,"text":"sir20055103 - 2005 - Effects of urbanization on stream quality at selected sites in the seacoast region in New Hampshire, 2001-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:46","indexId":"sir20055103","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5103","title":"Effects of urbanization on stream quality at selected sites in the seacoast region in New Hampshire, 2001-03","docAbstract":"A study of selected water-quality and macroinvertebrate community data was conducted at 10 stream sites in the Seacoast region of New Hampshire to determine if a relation is present between stream quality and the extent of urbanization in a watershed. Watersheds with similar characteristics, but varying in their degree of urban development, were studied. The percent of impervious surface, the percent of urban land use in a watershed, and the percent of urban land use in two types of stream buffers were compared and correlated with stream-quality variables. \r\n\r\nSpecific conductance, turbidity, nitrite plus nitrate yields, and selected macroinvertebrate community data were significantly correlated with most measures of urbanization used in this study; however, concentrations and total phosphorus yields were not statistically correlated with most measures of urbanization in this study. The measures of urbanization that had the highest correlations with stream-quality variables were those measures that were associated with the percent of urban land in buffer zones near and upstream of a sampling site. A water-quality and habitat conditions score was negatively correlated with the percent of urban land in a 1-kilometer radial buffer of the sampling site (rho (r) = -0.86; p < 0.001), the percent of impervious surface (r = -0.70; p < 0.05), and the percent of urban land in the watershed (r = -0.67; p < 0.05). A biological condition score also was negatively correlated with the percent of urban land in a 1-kilometer radial buffer of the sampling site (r = -0.95; p < 0.0001), the percent of impervious surface (r = -0.75; p < 0.05), and the percent of urban land in the watershed (r = -0.79; p < 0.01). The percent of urban land in a 25-meter stream buffer along the stream corridor also had negative correlations with a water-quality and habitat conditions score (r = -0.80; p < 0.01) and a biological condition score (r = -0.86; p < 0.01). Mean Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa richness showed a response to urbanization in a watershed, indicating that EPT taxa richness may be an appropriate metric to evaluate the effects of urban land use on small streams in this region. Results from this study indicate that the percent of urban land use in buffer zones and the percent of impervious surface in a watershed can be used as indicators of stream quality.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055103","usgsCitation":"Deacon, J.R., Soule, S.A., and Smith, T.E., 2005, Effects of urbanization on stream quality at selected sites in the seacoast region in New Hampshire, 2001-03 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5103, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055103.","productDescription":"26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6640,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f75f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deacon, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-5793-6940 jrdeacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-6940","contributorId":2786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrdeacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soule, Sally A.","contributorId":53037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soule","given":"Sally","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Thor E. tesmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thor","email":"tesmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70985,"text":"ofr20051279 - 2005 - Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto regional water quality control plant in south San Francisco Bay, California: 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T17:28:42","indexId":"ofr20051279","displayToPublicDate":"2005-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1279","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto regional water quality control plant in south San Francisco Bay, California: 2004","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051279","usgsCitation":"Moon, E., Shouse, M.K., Parcheso, F., Thompson, J.K., Luoma, S.N., Cain, D.J., and Hornberger, M.I., 2005, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto regional water quality control plant in south San Francisco Bay, California: 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1279, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051279.","productDescription":"118 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6639,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1279/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 37.31775185163688\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moon, Edward","contributorId":60309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moon","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shouse, Michelle K. mkshouse@usgs.gov","contributorId":5407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shouse","given":"Michelle","email":"mkshouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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The pore waters sampled were within a subsurface plume of volatile organic compounds extending from the nearby Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund site to the river. Samples were collected from depths of 10, 30, and 60 centimeters below the sediment surface along two 10-meter-long, parallel transects extending into the river. Twenty-five volatile organic compounds were detected at concentrations ranging from less than 1 microgram per liter to hundreds of micrograms per liter (for example, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 490 micrograms per liter; cis-1,2-dichloroethene, 290 micrograms per liter). The most frequently detected compounds were either chlorobenzenes or chlorinated ethenes. Many of the compounds were detected only infrequently. Quality-control sampling indicated a low incidence of trace concentrations of contaminants. Additional samples collected with passive-water-diffusion-bag samplers yielded results comparable to those collected with the pushpoint sampler and to samples collected in previous studies at the site.
The results demonstrate that the pushpoint sampler can yield distinct samples from sites in close proximity; in this case, sampling sites were 1 meter apart horizontally and 20 or 30 centimeters apart vertically. Moreover, the pushpoint sampler was able to draw pore water when inserted to depths as shallow as 10 centimeters below the sediment surface without entraining surface water. The simplicity of collecting numerous samples in a short time period (routinely, 20 to 30 per day) validates the use of a pushpoint sampler as a highly effective tool for mapping the extent of contaminated subsurface plumes, determining their constituents and loadings, and performing technical studies that may be relevant to bioremediation and other activities.
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