We thank Andrea Tertulliani and his colleagues for their interest in our article on the 2015 Gorkha earthquake (Martin, Hough, et al., 2015), and for their comments pertaining to our study (Tertulliani et al., 2016). Indeed, as they note, a comprehensive assessment of macroseismic effects for an earthquake with far‐reaching effects as that of Gorkha is not only critically important but is also an extremely difficult undertaking. In the absence of a widely known web‐based system, employing a well‐calibrated algorithm with which to collect and systematically assess macroseismic information (e.g., Wald et al., 1999; Coppola et al., 2010; Bossu et al., 2015) in the Indian subcontinent, one is left with two approaches to characterize effects of an event such as the Gorkha earthquake: a comprehensive ground‐based survey such as the one undertaken in India following the 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Pande and Kayal, 2003), or an assessment such as Martin, Hough, et al. (2015) akin to other contemporary studies (e.g., Nuttli, 1973; Sieh, 1978; Meltzner and Wald, 1998; Martin and Szeliga, 2010; Ambraseys and Bilham, 2012; Mahajan et al., 2012; Gupta et al., 2013; Singh et al., 2013; Hough and Martin, 2015; Martin and Hough, 2015; Martin, Bradley, et al., 2015; Ribeiro et al., 2015), based primarily upon media reports and other available documentary accounts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220160061","usgsCitation":"Martin, S.S., and Hough, S.E., 2016, Reply to “Comment on ‘Ground motions from the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake constrained by a detailed assessment of macroseismic data’ by Stacey S. Martin, Susan E. Hough, and Charleen Hung” by Andrea Tertulliani, Laura Graziani, Corrado Castellano, Alessandra Maramai, and Antonio Rossi: Seismological Research Letters, v. 87, no. 4, p. 957-962, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160061.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"957","endPage":"962","ipdsId":"IP-074139","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277dbe4b014cc3a3e76cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Stacey S.","contributorId":187758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174036,"text":"70174036 - 2016 - Simulated effect of topography and soil properties on hydrologic response and landslide potential under variable rainfall conditions in the Oregon Coast Range, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-08T11:41:15","indexId":"70174036","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulated effect of topography and soil properties on hydrologic response and landslide potential under variable rainfall conditions in the Oregon Coast Range, USA","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides and engineered slopes. Experience, theory and practice Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"12th International Symposium on Landslides","conferenceDate":"June 12-19, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Napoli, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Associazione Geotecnica Italiana","publisherLocation":"Rome, Italy","doi":"10.1201/b21520-176","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B.B., Smith, J.B., Godt, J.W., Baum, R., and Coe, J.A., 2016, Simulated effect of topography and soil properties on hydrologic response and landslide potential under variable rainfall conditions in the Oregon Coast Range, USA, in Landslides and engineered slopes. Experience, theory and practice Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Landslides, Napoli, Italy, June 12-19, 2016, p. 1431-1439, https://doi.org/10.1201/b21520-176.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1431","endPage":"1439","ipdsId":"IP-072370","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28bafe4b0571647d0f944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X bbmirus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":4064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbmirus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Joel B. 0000-0001-7219-7875 jbsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-7875","contributorId":4925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joel","email":"jbsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193671,"text":"70193671 - 2016 - A long-term study of ecological impacts of river channelization on the population of an endangered fish: Lessons learned for assessment and restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-13T14:13:43","indexId":"70193671","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A long-term study of ecological impacts of river channelization on the population of an endangered fish: Lessons learned for assessment and restoration","docAbstract":"Projects to assess environmental impact or restoration success in rivers focus on project-specific questions but can also provide valuable insights for future projects. Both restoration actions and impact assessments can become “adaptive” by using the knowledge gained from long-term monitoring and analysis to revise the actions, monitoring, conceptual model, or interpretation of findings so that subsequent actions or assessments are better informed. Assessments of impact or restoration success are especially challenging when the indicators of interest are imperiled species and/or the impacts being addressed are complex. From 1997 to 2015, we worked closely with two federal agencies to monitor habitat availability for and population density of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex), an endangered fish, in a 24-km-long segment of the upper Roanoke River, VA. We primarily used a Before-After-Control-Impact analytical framework to assess potential impacts of a river channelization project on the P. rex population. In this paper, we summarize how our extensive monitoring facilitated the evolution of our (a) conceptual understanding of the ecosystem and fish population dynamics; (b) choices of ecological indicators and analytical tools; and (c) conclusions regarding the magnitude, mechanisms, and significance of observed impacts. Our experience with this case study taught us important lessons about how to adaptively develop and conduct a monitoring program, which we believe are broadly applicable to assessments of environmental impact and restoration success in other rivers. In particular, we learned that (a) pre-treatment planning can enhance monitoring effectiveness, help avoid unforeseen pitfalls, and lead to more robust conclusions; (b) developing adaptable conceptual and analytical models early was crucial to organizing our knowledge, guiding our study design, and analyzing our data; (c) catchment-wide processes that we did not monitor, or initially consider, had profound implications for interpreting our findings; and (d) using multiple analytical frameworks, with varying assumptions, led to clearer interpretation of findings than the use of a single framework alone. Broader integration of these guiding principles into monitoring studies, though potentially challenging, could lead to more scientifically defensible assessments of project effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w8060240","usgsCitation":"Roberts, J.H., Anderson, G.B., and Angermeier, P.L., 2016, A long-term study of ecological impacts of river channelization on the population of an endangered fish: Lessons learned for assessment and restoration: Water, v. 8, no. 6, p. 1-38, https://doi.org/10.3390/w8060240.","productDescription":"Article 240; 38 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"38","ipdsId":"IP-073154","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w8060240","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fd1fe4b06e28e9c24779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, James H.","contributorId":83811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Gregory B.","contributorId":65988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193661,"text":"70193661 - 2016 - Slab melting and magma formation beneath the southern Cascade arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T15:21:45","indexId":"70193661","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slab melting and magma formation beneath the southern Cascade arc","docAbstract":"The processes that drive magma formation beneath the Cascade arc and other warm-slab subduction zones have been debated because young oceanic crust is predicted to largely dehydrate beneath the forearc during subduction. In addition, geochemical variability along strike in the Cascades has led to contrasting interpretations about the role of volatiles in magma generation. Here, we focus on the Lassen segment of the Cascade arc, where previous work has demonstrated across-arc geochemical variations related to subduction enrichment, and H-isotope data suggest that H2O in basaltic magmas is derived from the final breakdown of chlorite in the mantle portion of the slab. We use naturally glassy, olivine-hosted melt inclusions (MI) from the tephra deposits of eight primitive (MgO>7 wt%) basaltic cinder cones to quantify the pre-eruptive volatile contents of mantle-derived melts in this region. The melt inclusions have B concentrations and isotope ratios that are similar to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), suggesting extensive dehydration of the downgoing plate prior to reaching sub-arc depths and little input of slab-derived B into the mantle wedge. However, correlations of volatile and trace element ratios (H2O/Ce, Cl/Nb, Sr/Nd) in the melt inclusions demonstrate that geochemical variability is the result of variable addition of a hydrous subduction component to the mantle wedge. Furthermore, correlations between subduction component tracers and radiogenic isotope ratios show that the subduction component has less radiogenic Sr and Pb than the Lassen sub-arc mantle, which can be explained by melting of subducted Gorda MORB beneath the arc. Agreement between pMELTS melting models and melt inclusion volatile, major, and trace element data suggests that hydrous slab melt addition to the mantle wedge can produce the range in primitive compositions erupted in the Lassen region. Our results provide further evidence that chlorite-derived fluids from the mantle portion of the slab (∼7–9 km below the slab top) cause flux melting of the subducted oceanic crust, producing hydrous slab melts that migrate into the overlying mantle, where they react with peridotite to induce further melting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2016.03.044","usgsCitation":"Walowski, K.J., Wallace, P.J., Clynne, M.A., Rasmussen, D., and Weis, D., 2016, Slab melting and magma formation beneath the southern Cascade arc: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 446, p. 100-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.03.044.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"112","ipdsId":"IP-066861","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/ac26caa7-78c7-4d82-b689-f1ab62b89bd3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascades","volume":"446","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2ea6e4b0531197b27f8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walowski, Kristina J.","contributorId":199699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walowski","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, Paul J.","contributorId":199700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rasmussen, D.J.","contributorId":199701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weis, D.","contributorId":199702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weis","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155923,"text":"70155923 - 2016 - Examination of the Reelfoot Rift Petroleum System, south-central United States, and the elements that remain for potential exploration and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:23:56","indexId":"70155923","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5128,"text":"GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference Proceedings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examination of the Reelfoot Rift Petroleum System, south-central United States, and the elements that remain for potential exploration and development","docAbstract":"The Reelfoot rift is one segment of a late Proterozoic(?) to early Paleozoic intracontinental rift complex in the south-central United States. The rift complex is situated beneath Mesozoic to Cenozoic strata of the Mississippi embayment of southeastern Missouri, northeastern Arkansas, and western Tennessee and Kentucky. The rift portion of the stratigraphic section consists primarily of synrift Cambrian and Ordovician strata, capped by a postrift sag succession of Late Ordovician to Cenozoic age. Potential synrift source rocks have been identified in the Cambrian Elvins Shale. Thermal maturity of Paleozoic strata within the rift ranges from the oil window to the dry gas window. Petroleum generation in Elvins source rocks likely occurred during the middle to late Paleozoic. Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks unconformably overlie various Paleozoic units and define the likely upper boundary of the petroleum system.
\nNo production has been established in the Reel-foot rift. However, at least nine of 22 exploratory wells have reported petroleum shows, mainly gas shows with some asphalt or solid hydrocarbon residue. Regional seismic profiling shows the presence of two large inversion structures (Blytheville arch and Pascola arch). The Blytheville arch is marked by a core of structurally thickened Elvins Shale, whereas the Pascola arch reflects the structural uplift of a portion of the entire rift basin. Structural uplift and faulting within the Reelfoot rift since the late Paleozoic appear to have disrupted older conventional hydrocarbon traps and likely spilled any potential conventional petroleum accumulations. The remaining potential resources within the Reelfoot rift are likely shale gas accumulations within the Elvins Shale; however, reservoir continuity and porosity as well as pervasive faulting appear to be significant future challenges for explorers and drillers.
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","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Almberg, E., Cross, P.C., Hudson, P., Dobson, A.P., Smith, D.W., and Stahler, D.R., 2016, Infectious diseases of wolves in Yellowstone: Yellowstone Science, v. 24, no. 1, p. 47-49.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069334","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325172,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/yellowstone-science-24-1-celebrating-20-years-of-wolves.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.149169921875,\n 43.5843700152048\n ],\n [\n -109.149169921875,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -107.76489257812499,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -107.76489257812499,\n 43.5843700152048\n ],\n [\n -109.149169921875,\n 43.5843700152048\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5787662ee4b0d27deb36e186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almberg, Emily S.","contributorId":101111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almberg","given":"Emily S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, Peter J.","contributorId":85056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dobson, Andrew P.","contributorId":63693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Douglas W.","contributorId":95727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stahler, Daniel R.","contributorId":57703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70175540,"text":"70175540 - 2016 - Detection and quantification of hydrocarbons in sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T15:25:01","indexId":"70175540","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Detection and quantification of hydrocarbons in sediments","docAbstract":"A new technology developed by the US Geological Survey now allows for fast, direct detection of hydrocarbon plumes both in rivers and drifting in the deep ocean. Recent experiments show that the method can also detect and quantify hydrocarbons buried in river sediments and estuaries. This approach uses a variant of induced polarization, a surface-sensitive physical property of certain polarizable materials immersed in an electrolyte that can accept and adsorb charge under an inducing voltage. Known polarizable materials include most sulfides, ilmenite (FeTiO3), metallic objects such as buried wrecks and pipelines, and now hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon-in-water response to induced polarization is in fact nearly two orders of magnitude greater than the IP response of any of the hard minerals. The oil:water detection limit for hydrocarbons so far is down to 0.0002% in the laboratory.
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The community lakes attracted younger anglers when compared to statewide and national averages. Overall, satisfaction was generally high (74%) among anglers fishing community lakes. Logistic regression analysis showed that harvest rate, anglers targeting trout, familiarity with the lake, adults fishing with children, and fishing during open water periods were significantly related to angler satisfaction. Angler parties consisting of adults fishing with children were 1.7 times more likely to respond as “satisfied” compared with adults-only angler groups. Fishing opportunities provided by community lakes can enhance participation by younger anglers while simultaneously providing family-oriented recreation (i.e., adults fishing with children) that enhances trip satisfaction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10871209.2016.1138346","usgsCitation":"Greiner, M.J., Lucchesi, D.O., Chipps, S.R., and Gigliotti, L.M., 2016, Community fisheries in eastern South Dakota: Angler demographics, use, and factors influencing satisfaction: Human Dimensions of Wildlife, v. 21, no. 3, p. 254-263, https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2016.1138346.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"263","ipdsId":"IP-069172","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc3e4b09688d6e90fb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greiner, Michael J.","contributorId":176628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greiner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucchesi, David O.","contributorId":176629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucchesi","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gigliotti, Larry M. 0000-0002-1693-5113 lgigliotti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-5113","contributorId":3906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gigliotti","given":"Larry","email":"lgigliotti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179635,"text":"70179635 - 2016 - Finite-element modelling of physics-based hillslope hydrology, Keith Beven, and beyond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-09T11:35:22","indexId":"70179635","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Finite-element modelling of physics-based hillslope hydrology, Keith Beven, and beyond","docAbstract":"Keith Beven is a voice of reason on the intelligent use of models and the subsequent acknowledgement/assessment of the uncertainties associated with environmental simula-tion. With several books and hundreds of papers, Keith’s work is widespread, well known, and highly referenced. Four of Keith’s most notable contributions are the iconic TOPMODEL (Beven and Kirkby, 1979), classic papers on macropores and preferential flow (Beven and Germann, 1982, 2013), two editions of the rainfall-runoff modelling bible (Beven, 2000a, 2012), and the selection/commentary for the first volume from the Benchmark Papers in Hydrology series (Beven, 2006b). Remarkably, the thirty-one papers in his benchmark volume, entitled Streamflow Generation Processes, are not tales of modelling wizardry but describe measurements designed to better understand the dynamics of near-surface systems (quintessential Keith). The impetus for this commentary is Keith’sPhD research (Beven, 1975), where he developed a new finite-element model and conducted concept-development simu-lations based upon the processes identified by, for example, Richards (1931), Horton (1933), Hubbert (1940), Hewlett and Hibbert (1963), and Dunne and Black (1970a,b). Readers not familiar with the different mechanisms of streamflow generation are referred to Dunne (1978).","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10762","usgsCitation":"Loague, K., and Ebel, B.A., 2016, Finite-element modelling of physics-based hillslope hydrology, Keith Beven, and beyond: Hydrological Processes, v. 30, no. 14, p. 2432-2437, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10762.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2432","endPage":"2437","ipdsId":"IP-071061","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5874b0ade4b0a829a320bb69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loague, Keith","contributorId":178119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loague","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155914,"text":"70155914 - 2016 - Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Dead Sea Rift Basins of Israel and Jordan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:20:26","indexId":"70155914","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5128,"text":"GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference Proceedings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Dead Sea Rift Basins of Israel and Jordan","docAbstract":"Following its middle Miocene inception, numerous basins of varying lengths and depths developed along the Dead Sea fault zone, a large continental transform plate boundary. The modern day left-lateral fault zone has an accumulated left-lateral offset of 105 to 110 km (65 to 68 mi). The deepest basin along the fault zone, the Lake Lisan or Dead Sea basin, reaches depths of 7.5 to 8.5 km (24,500 ft to 28,000 ft), and shows evidence of hydrocarbons. The basins are compartmentalized by normal faulting associated with rapid basin subsidence and, where present, domal uplift accompanying synrift salt withdrawal.
\nThe stratigraphy of the fault zone is composed of a thick pre-wrench interval of early Tertiary to Precambrian strata overlain by a syn-wrench section of Miocene to Recent sediments. The main potential source rock is the pre-wrench Cretaceous Maastrichtian Ghareb Formation (and equivalents), which has a total organic carbon (TOC) content measurement of 8 to 18%. Lesser potential source rocks may also be found in the Pleistocene, Cretaceous (Turonian), Jurassic (Oxfordian–Callovian), and Triassic (Ladinian–Carnian).
\nGeochemical analyses indicate that the source of all oils, asphalts, and tars recovered in the Lake Lisan basin is the Ghareb Formation. Geothermal gradients along the Dead Sea fault zone vary from basin to basin. Syn-wrench potential reservoir rocks are highly porous and permeable, whereas pre-wrench strata commonly exhibit lower porosity and permeability. Biogenic gas has been produced from Pleistocene reservoirs. Potential sealing intervals may be present in Neogene evaporites and tight lacustrine limestones and shales. Simple structural traps are not evident; however, subsalt traps may exist. Unconventional source rock reservoir potential has not been tested.
","language":"English","publisher":"GCSSEPM Foundation","doi":"10.5724/gcs.15.34.0521","usgsCitation":"Coleman, J.L., and ten Brink, U., 2016, Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Dead Sea Rift Basins of Israel and Jordan: GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference Proceedings, v. 34, p. 521-553, https://doi.org/10.5724/gcs.15.34.0521.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"553","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067308","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceb7e4b081161682234b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, James L. jlcoleman@usgs.gov","contributorId":141060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"James","email":"jlcoleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":566805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178837,"text":"70178837 - 2016 - National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program: Natchez Trace Parkway vegetation mapping project report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-17T15:22:29","indexId":"70178837","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/GULN/NRR—2016/1255","title":"National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program: Natchez Trace Parkway vegetation mapping project report","docAbstract":"The National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory (VMI) Program is an effort to classify, describe, and map existing vegetation of national park units for the NPS Natural Resource Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Program. The NPS VMI Program is managed by the NPS I&M Division and provides baseline vegetation information to the NPS Natural Resource I&M Program. The U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, NatureServe, NPS Gulf Coast Network, and NPS Natchez Trace Parkway (NATR; also referred to as Parkway) have completed vegetation classification and mapping of NATR for the NPS VMI Program.
Mappers, ecologists, and botanists collaborated to affirm vegetation types within the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) of NATR and to determine how best to map them by using aerial imagery. Analyses of data from 589 vegetation plots had been used to describe an initial 99 USNVC associations in the Parkway; this classification work was completed prior to beginning this NATR vegetation mapping project. Data were collected during this project from another eight quick plots to support new vegetation types not previously identified at the Parkway. Data from 120 verification sites were collected to test the field key to vegetation associations and the application of vegetation associations to a sample set of map polygons. Furthermore, data from 900 accuracy assessment (AA) sites were collected (of which 894 were used to test accuracy of the vegetation map layer). The collective of all these datasets resulted in affirming 122 USNVC associations at NATR.
To map the vegetation and open water of NATR, 63 map classes were developed. including the following: 54 map classes represent natural (including ruderal) vegetation types in the USNVC, 5 map classes represent cultural (agricultural and developed) vegetation types in the USNVC, 3 map classes represent nonvegetation open-water bodies (non-USNVC), and 1 map class represents landscapes that had received tornado damage a few months prior to the time of aerial imagery collection. Features were interpreted from viewing 4-band digital aerial imagery by means of digital onscreen three-dimensional stereoscopic workflow systems in geographic information systems. (The aerial imagery was collected during mid-October 2011 for the northern reach of the Parkway and mid-November 2011 for the southern reach of the Parkway to capture peak leaf-phenology of trees.) The interpreted data were digitally and spatially referenced, thus making the spatial-database layers usable in geographic information systems. Polygon units were mapped to either a 0.5 hectare (ha) or 0.25 ha minimum mapping unit, depending on vegetation type or scenario.
A geodatabase containing various feature-class layers and tables present the locations of USNVC vegetation types (vegetation map), vegetation plot samples, verification sites, AA sites, project boundary extent, and aerial image centers. The feature-class layer and related tables for the vegetation map provide 13,529 polygons of detailed attribute data covering 21,655.5 ha, with an average polygon size of 1.6 ha; the vegetation map coincides closely with the administrative boundary for NATR.
Summary reports generated from the vegetation map layer of the map classes representing USNVC natural (including ruderal) vegetation types apply to 12,648 polygons (93.5% of polygons) and cover 18,542.7 ha (85.6%) of the map extent for NATR. The map layer indicates the Parkway to be 70.5% forest and woodland (15,258.7 ha), 0.3% shrubland (63.0 ha), and 14.9% herbaceous cover (3,221.0 ha). Map classes representing USNVC cultural types apply to 678 polygons (5.0% of polygons) and cover 2,413.9 ha (11.1%) of the map extent.
We present high-quality focal mechanisms based on a refined earthquake location catalog for the Island of Hawai'i, focusing on Mauna Loa and Kīlauea volcanoes. The relocation catalog is based on first-arrival times and waveform data of both compressional and shear waves for about 180,000 events on and near the Island of Hawai'i between 1986 and 2009 recorded by the seismic stations at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. We relocate all the earthquakes by applying ray tracing through an existing three-dimensional velocity model, similar event cluster analysis, and a differential-time relocation method. The resulting location catalog represents an expansion of previous relocation studies, covering a longer time period and consisting of more events with well-constrained absolute locations. The focal mechanisms are obtained based on the compressional-wave first-motion polarities and compressional-to-shear wave amplitude ratios by applying the HASH program to the waveform cross correlation relocated earthquakes. Overall, the good-quality (defined by the HASH parameters) focal solutions are dominated by normal faulting in our study area, especially in the active Ka'ōiki and Hīlea seismic zones. Kīlauea caldera is characterized by a mixture of approximately equal numbers of normal, strike-slip, and reverse faults, whereas its south flank has slightly fewer strike-slip events. Our relocation and focal mechanism results will be useful for mapping the seismic stress and strain fields and for understanding the seismic-volcanic-tectonic relationships within the magmatic systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2016JB013042","usgsCitation":"Lin, G., and Okubo, P.G., 2016, A large refined catalog of earthquake relocations and focal mechanisms for the Island of Hawai'i and its seismotectonic implications: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 121, no. 7, p. 5031-5048, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013042.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5031","endPage":"5048","ipdsId":"IP-076229","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jb013042","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawai'i","volume":"121","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fd802ae4b0531197b50148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, Guoqing","contributorId":168856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Guoqing","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176587,"text":"70176587 - 2016 - Energy development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-08T16:13:48","indexId":"70176587","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Energy development","docAbstract":"Large areas of the desert southwest are currently developed or being evaluated for construction of utility-scale renewable energy projects. These projects include numerous solar and wind energy facilities some of which will be massive. Unfortunately, peer-reviewed scientific publications are not yet available to evaluate the potential effects of solar-based utility-scale renewable energy development (USRED) on any species of wildlife, including amphibians and reptiles (herpetofauna). Scientific publications on the effects of wind-based USRED and operation (USREDO) are focused almost exclusively on flying wildlife including birds and bats. To the best of our knowledge the only publications on the effects of wind-based USREDO on herpetofauna are three publications on desert tortoise ecology at a wind energy facility near Palm Springs, California. Those studies suggested that not all effects of USREDO were detrimental in the short-term. However, additional research is required to determine if wind energy operation is compatible with conservation of this long-lived species over longer periods of time.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Habitat management guidelines for reptiles and amphibians of the southwestern United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., 2016, Energy development, chap. of Habitat management guidelines for reptiles and amphibians of the southwestern United States, p. 31-34.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"34","ipdsId":"IP-079834","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328846,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://parcplace.org/parcplace/publications/habitat-management-guidelines.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5822f23be4b0ef3123a97026","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jones, L.L.C.","contributorId":45637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653373,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovich, R. L.","contributorId":176742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovich","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653374,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halama, K.J.","contributorId":175287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halama","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653375,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70155241,"text":"70155241 - 2016 - Spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T09:59:33","indexId":"70155241","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron","docAbstract":"Fidelity to high-quality spawning sites helps ensure that adults repeatedly spawn at sites that maximize reproductive success. Fidelity is also an important behavioural characteristic to consider when hatchery-reared individuals are stocked for species restoration, because artificial rearing environments may interfere with cues that guide appropriate spawning site selection. Acoustic telemetry was used in conjunction with Cormack–Jolly–Seber capture–recapture models to compare degree of spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery-reared lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron. Annual survival was estimated to be between 77% and 81% and did not differ among wild and hatchery males and females. Site fidelity estimates were high in both wild and hatchery-reared lake trout (ranging from 0.78 to 0.94, depending on group and time filter), but were slightly lower in hatchery-reared fish than in wild fish. The ecological implication of the small difference in site fidelity between wild and hatchery-reared lake trout is unclear, but similarities in estimates suggest that many hatchery-reared fish use similar spawning sites to wild fish and that most return to those sites annually for spawning.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2015-0175","usgsCitation":"Binder, T., Riley, S.C., Holbrook, C., Hansen, M.J., Bergstedt, R.A., Bronte, C.R., He, J., and Krueger, C., 2016, Spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 73, no. 1, p. 18-34, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0175.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064734","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57778629e4b07dd077c878f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Binder, Thomas 0000-0001-9266-9120 tbinder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-9120","contributorId":4958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binder","given":"Thomas","email":"tbinder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riley, Stephen C. 0000-0002-8968-8416 sriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-8416","contributorId":2661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Stephen","email":"sriley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holbrook, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8203-6856 cholbrook@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-6856","contributorId":139681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Christopher","email":"cholbrook@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"He, Ji","contributorId":172649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"He","given":"Ji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krueger, Charles C.","contributorId":67821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krueger","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70175080,"text":"70175080 - 2016 - Seasonal sediment dynamics shape temperate bedrock reef communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-04T09:16:28","indexId":"70175080","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal sediment dynamics shape temperate bedrock reef communities","docAbstract":"Mobilized seafloor sediment can impact benthic reef communities through burial, scour, and turbidity. These processes are ubiquitous in coastal oceans and, through their influence on the survival, fitness, and interactions of species, can alter the structure and function of benthic communities. In northern Monterey Bay, California, USA, as much as 30% of the seafloor is buried or exposed seasonally, making this an ideal location to test how subtidal temperate rocky reef communities vary in the presence and absence of chronic sediment-based disturbances. Designated dynamic plots were naturally inundated by sediment in summer (50 to 100% cover) and swept clean in winter, whereas designated stable plots remained free of sediment during our study. Multivariate analyses indicated significant differences in the structure of sessile and mobile communities between dynamic and stable reef habitats. For sessile species, community structure in disturbed plots was less variable in space and time than in stable plots due to the maintenance of an early successional state. In contrast, community structure of mobile species varied more in disturbed plots than in stable plots, reflecting how mobile species distribute in response to sediment dynamics. Some species were found only in these disturbed areas, suggesting that the spatial mosaic of disturbance could increase regional diversity. We discuss how the relative ability of species to tolerate disturbance at different life history stages and their ability to colonize habitat translate into community-level differences among habitats, and how this response varies between mobile and sessile communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps11763","usgsCitation":"Figurski, J.D., Freiwald, J., Lonhart, S.I., and Storlazzi, C.D., 2016, Seasonal sediment dynamics shape temperate bedrock reef communities: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 552, p. 19-29, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11763.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"29","ipdsId":"IP-059376","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11763","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.08136558532713,\n 36.94316941700314\n ],\n [\n -122.08136558532713,\n 36.962923262794064\n ],\n [\n -122.02119827270508,\n 36.962923262794064\n ],\n [\n -122.02119827270508,\n 36.94316941700314\n ],\n [\n -122.08136558532713,\n 36.94316941700314\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"552","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c6a8e4b0bc0bec09caa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Figurski, Jared D.","contributorId":16307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figurski","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freiwald, Jan","contributorId":15505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freiwald","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lonhart, Steve I.","contributorId":104381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonhart","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187758,"text":"70187758 - 2016 - Preface: Impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances on carbon dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-17T10:54:46","indexId":"70187758","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface: Impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances on carbon dynamics","docAbstract":"The impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances (ECE&D) on the carbon cycle have received growing attention in recent years. This special issue showcases a collection of recent advances in understanding the impacts of ECE&D on carbon cycling. Notable advances include quantifying how harvesting activities impact forest structure, carbon pool dynamics, and recovery processes; observed drastic increases of the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved methane in thermokarst lakes in western Siberia during a summer warming event; disentangling the roles of herbivores and fire on forest carbon dioxide flux; direct and indirect impacts of fire on the global carbon balance; and improved atmospheric inversion of regional carbon sources and sinks by incorporating disturbances. Combined, studies herein indicate several major research needs. First, disturbances and extreme events can interact with one another, and it is important to understand their overall impacts and also disentangle their effects on the carbon cycle. Second, current ecosystem models are not skillful enough to correctly simulate the underlying processes and impacts of ECE&D (e.g., tree mortality and carbon consequences). Third, benchmark data characterizing the timing, location, type, and magnitude of disturbances must be systematically created to improve our ability to quantify carbon dynamics over large areas. Finally, improving the representation of ECE&D in regional climate/earth system models and accounting for the resulting feedbacks to climate are essential for understanding the interactions between climate and ecosystem dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-13-3665-2016","usgsCitation":"Xiao, J., Liu, S., and Stoy, P., 2016, Preface: Impacts of extreme climate events and disturbances on carbon dynamics: Biogeosciences, v. 13, p. 3665-3675, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3665-2016.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3665","endPage":"3675","ipdsId":"IP-069417","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3665-2016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593e25bce4b0764e6c61b73b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xiao, Jingfeng","contributorId":66998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Jingfeng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoy, Paul C.","contributorId":60860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoy","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186328,"text":"70186328 - 2016 - Actively heated high-resolution fiber-optic-distributed temperature sensing to quantify streambed flow dynamics in zones of strong groundwater upwelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:45:11","indexId":"70186328","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Actively heated high-resolution fiber-optic-distributed temperature sensing to quantify streambed flow dynamics in zones of strong groundwater upwelling","docAbstract":"Zones of strong groundwater upwelling to streams enhance thermal stability and moderate thermal extremes, which is particularly important to aquatic ecosystems in a warming climate. Passive thermal tracer methods used to quantify vertical upwelling rates rely on downward conduction of surface temperature signals. However, moderate to high groundwater flux rates (>−1.5 m d−1) restrict downward propagation of diurnal temperature signals, and therefore the applicability of several passive thermal methods. Active streambed heating from within high-resolution fiber-optic temperature sensors (A-HRTS) has the potential to define multidimensional fluid-flux patterns below the extinction depth of surface thermal signals, allowing better quantification and separation of local and regional groundwater discharge. To demonstrate this concept, nine A-HRTS were emplaced vertically into the streambed in a grid with ∼0.40 m lateral spacing at a stream with strong upward vertical flux in Mashpee, Massachusetts, USA. Long-term (8–9 h) heating events were performed to confirm the dominance of vertical flow to the 0.6 m depth, well below the extinction of ambient diurnal signals. To quantify vertical flux, short-term heating events (28 min) were performed at each A-HRTS, and heat-pulse decay over vertical profiles was numerically modeled in radial two dimension (2-D) using SUTRA. Modeled flux values are similar to those obtained with seepage meters, Darcy methods, and analytical modeling of shallow diurnal signals. We also observed repeatable differential heating patterns along the length of vertically oriented sensors that may indicate sediment layering and hyporheic exchange superimposed on regional groundwater discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015WR018219","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Buckley, S.F., Bagtzoglou, A.C., Werkema, D.D., and Lane, J.W., 2016, Actively heated high-resolution fiber-optic-distributed temperature sensing to quantify streambed flow dynamics in zones of strong groundwater upwelling: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 7, p. 5179-5194, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018219.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"5179","endPage":"5194","ipdsId":"IP-074563","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr018219","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b2e4b09da679997794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, Sean F. sbuckley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Sean","email":"sbuckley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.","contributorId":190400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bagtzoglou","given":"Amvrossios","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werkema, Dale D.","contributorId":190401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werkema","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":688342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70177065,"text":"70177065 - 2016 - Earthquake geology and paleoseismology of major strands of the San Andreas fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-27T15:38:55.329211","indexId":"70177065","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"38","title":"Earthquake geology and paleoseismology of major strands of the San Andreas fault system","docAbstract":"The San Andreas fault system in California is one of the best-studied faults in the world, both in terms of the long-term geologic history and paleoseismic study of past surface ruptures. In this paper, we focus on the Quaternary to historic data that have been collected from the major strands of the San Andreas fault system, both on the San Andreas Fault itself, and the major subparallel strands that comprise the plate boundary, including the Calaveras-Hayward- Rogers Creek-Maacama fault zone and the Concord-Green Valley-Bartlett Springs fault zone in northern California, and the San Jacinto and Elsinore faults in southern California. The majority of the relative motion between the Pacific and North American lithospheric plates is accommodated by these faults, with the San Andreas slipping at about 34 mm/yr in central California, decreasing to about 20 mm/yr in northern California north of its juncture with the Calaveras and Concord faults. The Calaveras-Hayward-Rogers Creek-Maacama fault zone exhibits a slip rate of 10-15 mm/yr, whereas the rate along the Concord-Green Valley-Bartlett Springs fault zone is lower at about 5 mm/yr. In southern California, the San Andreas exhibits a slip rate of about 35 mm/yr along the Mojave section, decreasing to as low as 10-15 mm/yr along its juncture with the San Jacinto fault, and about 20 mm/yr in the Coachella Valley. The San Jacinto and Elsinore fault zones exhibit rates of about 15 and 5 mm/yr, respectively. The average recurrence interval for surface-rupturing earthquakes along individual elements of the San Andreas fault system range from 100-500 years and is consistent with slip rate at those sites: higher slip rates produce more frequent or larger earthquakes. There is also evidence of short-term variations in strain release (slip rate) along various fault sections, as expressed as “flurries” or clusters of earthquakes as well as periods of relatively fewer surface ruptures in these relatively short records. This is reflected by non-periodic coefficients of variation in earthquake recurrence of 0.4 to 0.7 for the various paleoseismic sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied geology in California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Star Publishing","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, T., Scharer, K.M., and Dawson, T.E., 2016, Earthquake geology and paleoseismology of major strands of the San Andreas fault system, chap. 38 of Applied geology in California, v. 26, p. 721-756.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"756","ipdsId":"IP-055460","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.appliedgeologybook.com/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -115.20263671874999,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -115.20263671874999,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 32.65787573695528\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5822f23ae4b0ef3123a97021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Thomas","contributorId":175454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496 kscharer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":3385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine","email":"kscharer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. 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The analysis is based on E. Jaynes's elaboration of the implications of the similarity between the Gibbs entropy in statistical mechanics and the Shannon entropy in information theory. By maximizing the information entropy of a distribution subject to known constraints on its moments, our choice of the form of the distribution is unbiased. The analysis suggests that particle velocities and travel times are exponentially distributed and that particle accelerations follow a Laplace distribution with zero mean. Particle hop distances, viewed alone, ought to be distributed exponentially. However, the covariance between hop distances and travel times precludes this result. Instead, the covariance structure suggests that hop distances follow a Weibull distribution. These distributions are consistent with high-resolution measurements obtained from high-speed imaging of bed load particle motions. The analysis brings us closer to choosing distributions based on our mechanical insight.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016JF003833","usgsCitation":"Furbish, D., Schmeeckle, M., Schumer, R., and Fathel, S., 2016, Probability distributions of bed load particle velocities, accelerations, hop distances, and travel times informed by Jaynes's principle of maximum entropy: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 121, no. 7, p. 1373-1390, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF003833.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1373","endPage":"1390","ipdsId":"IP-073671","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf003833","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c7afa4e4b0849ce9795eb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furbish, David","contributorId":189086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furbish","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmeeckle, Mark mschmeeckle@usgs.gov","contributorId":173789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmeeckle","given":"Mark","email":"mschmeeckle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schumer, Rina","contributorId":189087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schumer","given":"Rina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fathel, Siobhan","contributorId":189088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fathel","given":"Siobhan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193159,"text":"70193159 - 2016 - Common carp disrupt ecosystem structure and function through middle-out effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T16:11:30","indexId":"70193159","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2681,"text":"Marine and Freshwater Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Common carp disrupt ecosystem structure and function through middle-out effects","docAbstract":"Middle-out effects or a combination of top-down and bottom-up processes create many theoretical and empirical challenges in the realm of trophic ecology. We propose using specific autecology or species trait (i.e. behavioural) information to help explain and understand trophic dynamics that may involve complicated and non-unidirectional trophic interactions. The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) served as our model species for whole-lake observational and experimental studies; four trophic levels were measured to assess common carp-mediated middle-out effects across multiple lakes. We hypothesised that common carp could influence aquatic ecosystems through multiple pathways (i.e. abiotic and biotic foraging, early life feeding, nutrient). Both studies revealed most trophic levels were affected by common carp, highlighting strong middle-out effects likely caused by common carp foraging activities and abiotic influence (i.e. sediment resuspension). The loss of water transparency, submersed vegetation and a shift in zooplankton dynamics were the strongest effects. Trophic levels furthest from direct pathway effects were also affected (fish life history traits). The present study demonstrates that common carp can exert substantial effects on ecosystem structure and function. Species capable of middle-out effects can greatly modify communities through a variety of available pathways and are not confined to traditional top-down or bottom-up processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/MF15068","usgsCitation":"Kaemingk, M.A., Jolley, J.C., Paukert, C.P., Willis, D.W., Henderson, K., Holland, R.S., Wanner, G.A., and Lindvall, M.L., 2016, Common carp disrupt ecosystem structure and function through middle-out effects: Marine and Freshwater Research, v. 68, no. 4, p. 718-731, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15068.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"731","ipdsId":"IP-063503","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fd1fe4b06e28e9c2477c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaemingk, Mark A.","contributorId":40510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaemingk","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jolley, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":195102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jolley","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":147821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henderson, Kjetil R.","contributorId":191695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson","given":"Kjetil R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holland, Richard S.","contributorId":200634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wanner, Greg A.","contributorId":200635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wanner","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lindvall, Mark L.","contributorId":200636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindvall","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70192729,"text":"70192729 - 2016 - Variability in the sensitivity among model simulations of permafrost and carbon dynamics in the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T13:33:49","indexId":"70192729","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability in the sensitivity among model simulations of permafrost and carbon dynamics in the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009","docAbstract":"A significant portion of the large amount of carbon (C) currently stored in soils of the permafrost region in the Northern Hemisphere has the potential to be emitted as the greenhouse gases CO2and CH4 under a warmer climate. In this study we evaluated the variability in the sensitivity of permafrost and C in recent decades among land surface model simulations over the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009. The 15 model simulations all predict a loss of near-surface permafrost (within 3 m) area over the region, but there are large differences in the magnitude of the simulated rates of loss among the models (0.2 to 58.8 × 103 km2 yr−1). Sensitivity simulations indicated that changes in air temperature largely explained changes in permafrost area, although interactions among changes in other environmental variables also played a role. All of the models indicate that both vegetation and soil C storage together have increased by 156 to 954 Tg C yr−1between 1960 and 2009 over the permafrost region even though model analyses indicate that warming alone would decrease soil C storage. Increases in gross primary production (GPP) largely explain the simulated increases in vegetation and soil C. The sensitivity of GPP to increases in atmospheric CO2 was the dominant cause of increases in GPP across the models, but comparison of simulated GPP trends across the 1982–2009 period with that of a global GPP data set indicates that all of the models overestimate the trend in GPP. Disturbance also appears to be an important factor affecting C storage, as models that consider disturbance had lower increases in C storage than models that did not consider disturbance. To improve the modeling of C in the permafrost region, there is the need for the modeling community to standardize structural representation of permafrost and carbon dynamics among models that are used to evaluate the permafrost C feedback and for the modeling and observational communities to jointly develop data sets and methodologies to more effectively benchmark models.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2016GB005405","usgsCitation":"McGuire, A.D., Koven, C., Lawrence, D.M., Clein, J.S., Xia, J., Beer, C., Burke, E.J., Chen, G., Chen, X., Delire, C., Jafarov, E., MacDougall, A.H., Marchenko, S., Nicolsky, D.J., Peng, S., Rinke, A., Saito, K., Zhang, W., Alkama, R., Bohn, T.J., Ciais, P., Decharme, B., Ekici, A., Gouttevin, I., Hajima, T., Hayes, D.J., Ji, D., Krinner, G., Lettenmaier, D.P., Luo, Y., Miller, P.A., Moore, J., Romanovsky, V., Schädel, C., Schaefer, K., Schuur, E.A., Smith, B., Sueyoshi, T., and Zhuang, Q., 2016, Variability in the sensitivity among model simulations of permafrost and carbon dynamics in the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 30, no. 7, p. 1015-1037, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005405.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1015","endPage":"1037","ipdsId":"IP-073905","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gb005405","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425bfe4b0dc0b45b453f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, A. 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To index such high-quality forage, recent work proposed the instantaneous rate of green-up (IRG), i.e. rate of change in the normalized difference vegetation index over time. Despite this important advancement, no study has tested the assumption that herbivores select habitat patches at peak IRG. We evaluated this assumption using step selection functions parametrized with movement data during the green-up period from two populations each of bighorn sheep, mule deer, elk, moose and bison, totalling 463 individuals monitored 1–3 years from 2004 to 2014. Accounting for variables that typically influence habitat selection for each species, we found seven of 10 populations selected patches exhibiting high IRG—supporting the GWH. Nonetheless, large herbivores selected for the leading edge, trailing edge and crest of the IRG wave, indicating that other mechanisms (e.g. ruminant physiology) or measurement error inherent with satellite data affect selection for IRG. Our evaluation indicates that IRG is a useful tool for linking herbivore movement with plant phenology, paving the way for significant advancements in understanding how animals track resource quality that varies both spatially and temporally.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2016.0456","usgsCitation":"Merkle, J., Monteith, K.L., Aikens, E.O., Hayes, M.M., Hersey, K., Middleton, A., Oates, B., Sawyer, H., Scurlock, B., and Kauffman, M., 2016, Large herbivores surf waves of green-up during spring: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 283, no. 1833, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0456.","productDescription":"Article 20160456; 8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-073825","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0456","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"283","issue":"1833","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8d2e4b09af898c86154","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merkle, Jerod","contributorId":172972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merkle","given":"Jerod","affiliations":[{"id":35288,"text":"Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monteith, Kevin L.","contributorId":198656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monteith","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aikens, Ellen O.","contributorId":198653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aikens","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Matthew M.","contributorId":172344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hersey, Kent","contributorId":99873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hersey","given":"Kent","affiliations":[{"id":6763,"text":"Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Middleton, Arthur D.","contributorId":99440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Arthur D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oates, Brendan","contributorId":200235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oates","given":"Brendan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sawyer, Hall","contributorId":39930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawyer","given":"Hall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Scurlock, Brandon","contributorId":145744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scurlock","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16219,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, PO Box 850, Pinedale, Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0127-3900 mkauffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-3900","contributorId":189179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mkauffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70192682,"text":"70192682 - 2016 - Age, sex and social influences on adult survival in the cooperatively breeding Karoo Scrub-robin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T14:48:54","indexId":"70192682","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1494,"text":"Emu","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, sex and social influences on adult survival in the cooperatively breeding Karoo Scrub-robin","docAbstract":"Among cooperatively breeding species, helpers are hypothesised to increase the survival of breeders by reducing breeder workload in offspring care and increased group vigilance against predators. Furthermore, parental nepotism or other benefits of group living may provide a survival benefit to young that delay dispersal to help. We tested these hypotheses in the Karoo Scrub-robin (Cercotrichas coryphaeus), a long-lived, and facultative cooperatively breeding species in which male helpers make substantial contributions to the care of young. We found that annual breeder survival in the presence of helpers did not differ detectably from breeders without helpers or breeders that lost helpers. Furthermore, helpers did not gain a survival benefit from deferred breeding; apparent survival did not differ detectably between male helpers and male breeders followed from one year old. These results are consistent with other studies suggesting a lack of adult survival benefits among species where breeders do not substantially reduce workloads when helpers are present. They are also consistent with the hypothesis that males that delay dispersal make the ‘best of a bad job’ by helping on their natal territory to gain indirect fitness benefits when they are unable to obtain a territory vacancy nearby.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/MU15076","usgsCitation":"Lloyd, P., Martin, T.E., Taylor, A., Braae, A., and Altwegg, R., 2016, Age, sex and social influences on adult survival in the cooperatively breeding Karoo Scrub-robin: Emu, v. 116, no. 4, p. 394-401, https://doi.org/10.1071/MU15076.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"401","ipdsId":"IP-067108","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c1e4b0dc0b45b453f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lloyd, Penn","contributorId":200179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lloyd","given":"Penn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Andrew","contributorId":200183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braae, Anne","contributorId":200184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braae","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Altwegg, Res","contributorId":171528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Altwegg","given":"Res","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}